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UNIVERSAL FORMULARY: 



CONTAINING THE METHODS OF 

/ 

PREPARING AND ADMINISTERING 

OFFICINAL AND OTHER MEDICINES. 

THE WHOLE ADAPTED TO 

PHYSICIANS AND PHARMACEUTISTS. 

BY 

R. EGLESFELD GRIFFITH, M.D. 

THIRD EDITION, 

CAREFULLY REVISED AND MUCH ENLARGED, 

BY 

JOHN" M. MAISCH, Phar.D., 

PROFESSOR OF MATERIA MEDICA AND BOTANY IN THE PHILADELPHIA 
COLLEGE OP PHARMACY. 

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Selecta sunt quaa medicum nobilitant. — Linn^us. 










-■1^ 

■^Z^ 



PHILADELPHIA: A 

HENET O. LEA. 
1874. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by 

HENRY C. LEA, 

in the Office of the Librarian of Congress. All rights reserved. 



PHILADELPHIA: 
O 1, 1. 1 N n , P 11 I N T K E 

705 Jay no Street. 



TO 



GEORGE B. WOOD, M.D., 



ERANKLIN BACHE, M.D., 



AUTHORS OF 



THE DISPENSATORY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 



%\n Mn\ 



IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, 
BY THEIR FRIEND 

E. E. G. 



(iii ) 






PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION 



In preparing this new Edition, the editor has endeavored to adhere as 
closely as possible to the plan of the work as adopted by its author, and by 
its former editor, the late Professor Robert P. Thomas. The consolidation 
of the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Pharmacopoeias into the present 
British Pharmacopoeia rendered a careful revision of the formulas of the 
former three authorities necessary. Those only have been retained in the 
present edition, which were not superseded by formulas of the new official 
standard for Great Britain, and still appeared to possess sufficient interest 
and merit. Precisely the same course has been adopted with regard to the 
formulas derived from the old pharmacopoeias of the German principalities 
which have been superseded by the Pharmacopoeia Germanica recently issued. 
For all the important preparations, it was deemed advisable to give as briefly 
as possible their relative strength as adopted by the latest pharmacopoeias 
of the United States, Great Britain, France, and Germany. The formulas 
selected from the last-named two works are given in the original in parts 
by weight, and this feature has been retained in all cases where the propor- 
tions are simple, such as can be easily followed with the weights in use in 
this country ; all the more complicated formulas, however, have been calcu- 
lated into the weights and measures of the United States. 

The numerous improvements in manipulations and processes have been 
carefully noted, and the new remedies of acknowledged merit and im- 
portance duly noticed, while quite a number of antiquated formulas have 
been dismissed from the present edition. Notwithstanding this, the increase 
in the formulary alone amounts to considerably more than one hundred 
pages; and in order to not increase the work beyond proper limits, the plan 
has been adopted to state the forms in which many remedies are best 

(v) 



VI PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. 

exhibited in extemporaneous preparations, instead of copying prescriptions 
adapted to special cases. 

The alterations and additions to other parts of the work will be readity 
noticed, though they are not specially marked. 

The editor hopes that the labor bestowed upon this edition may render 
the work as useful for the present wants of the physician and pharmaceutist 
as the previous editions have proved themselves. 

Philadelphia, December, 1873. 



PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 



The design of this work is to present a compendious collection of formulae 
and pharmaceutic processes, with such additional information as may render 
it useful to the physician and apothecary ; and the principal aim has been to 
select materials most generally applicable, and of practical utility. The 
sources from which the}- have been derived are very numerous, as will be 
seen by a reference to the various authorities cited. 

The introduction contains tables and observations on the weights and 
measures employed for pharmaceutical purposes in the United States and 
in foreign countries, and an explanation or vocabulary of the principal ab- 
breviations and Latin terms used by physicians in writing prescriptions, 
followed by observations on the management of the sick-room, with rules 
for the administration of the different classes of medicines. 

The formulary is arranged alphabetically, according to the pharmaceutic 
names adopted in the United States Pharmacopoeia; but in each formula, the 
English appellations for the articles composing it are used, and the quanti- 
ties of these iugredients are expressed in words, and not in the usual phar- 
maceutic signs. 

These innovations may, and probably will, be objected to by many ; but 
we feel convinced that a change has become requisite, and that fewer mis- 
takes would be committed by physicians in writing prescriptions, both in 
the names of the ingredients and in the quantities, were they given at length, 
and in common language, instead of in the abbreviated cabalistic terms now 
used. In France this change has been made, and it is full time that other 
countries should follow her example. 

In this portion of the work, the compiler has derived much important 
assistance from several of his friends, and is under great obligation to Mr. 

( vii ) 



Vlll PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION". 

Wm. Procter, Jr., for numerous formulae and many useful suggestions. He, 
also, is much indebted to Dr. Robert Bridges for his attentive revision of 
the sheets, as well as for some important corrections. 

The various tables which follow, it is hoped, will add to the value of the 
work. The observations and directions on officinal preparations are given 
in as concise a form as possible ; and are, for the most part, condensed from 
the excellent edition of Mohr and Redwood's Pharmacy, as edited by Mr. 
Wm. Procter, Jr. To this is added a short view of the action of poisons, 
with the best means of obviating their effects. 

To facilitate a reference to the contents of the work, copious indices have 
been added, not onty of the formulae, but of the diseases for which they have 
been advised. 

In the botanical portion, the author has been obliged to cite, in almost 
every instance, his "Medical Botany." This has arisen from the fact, that 
no other work of a general character on medicinal plants has been issued 
from the American press. 

Philadelphia, March, 1850. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE 

PKEFACES 5,7 

INTRODUCTION 17 

"Weights and Measures 17 

Weights of the United States and Great Britain . . . . . .17 

Dublin weights 20 

Foreign weights 21 

Relation of weights of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia to metrical weights . 25 

Measures 26 

Specific Gravity 31 

Temperatures for certain Pharmaceutical Operations .... 39 

Hydrometrical Equivalents ... 40 

Specific Gravities of some of the Preparations of the Pharmacopoeias . 44 

Relation between the different Thermometrical Scales .... 46 

Explanation of principal Abbreviations used in Formulae .... 47 

Vocabulary of Words employed in Prescriptions 48 

Observations on the Management of the Sick Room 59 

Ventilation of the Sick Room 60 

Temperature of the Sick Room 60 

Cleanliness of the Sick Room 61 

Quiet in the Sick Room 62 

Examination and Preservation of the Excretions 63 

Administration of Medicine 63 

Furniture of a Sick Room .63 

Proper use of Utensils for Evacuations 65 

Doses of Medicines .65 

Age . . 66 

Sex 66 

Temperament 67 

Idiosyncrasy 67 

Habit './.... 67 

State of the System 67 

Time of Day 68 

Intervals between Doses 68 

(ix ) 



X TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Rules for Administration of Medicines .69 

Acids 69 

Antacids 70 

Antilithics and Lithontriptics ■. 70 

Antispasmodics 70 

Anthelmintics 71 

Cathartics 71 

Enemata 72 

Suppositories . .73 

Demulcents, or Emollients 73 

Diaphoretics 74 

Diluents 74 

Diuretics .74 

Emetics 74 

Emmenagogues . . 75 

Epispastics 75 

Errhines 77 

Escharotics 77 

Expectorants 78 

Narcotics . 78 

Refrigerants . 79 

Sedatives 79 

Sialagogues 79 

Stimulants 80 

Tonics 80 

Management of Convalescence and Relapses 80 

FORMULARY 83 

DIETETIC PREPARATIONS NOT INCLUDED AMONG THE PRE- 
VIOUS PRESCRIPTIONS 607 

LIST OF INCOMPATIBLES . 612 

POSOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT MEDICINES . 617 

TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES WHICH DIFFER IN THE 
UNITED STATES, THE BRITISH, GERMAN, AND FRENCH 

PHARMACOPOEIAS 625 

OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS .... 639 

Internal Remedies 639 

Powders 639 

Simple Powders 639 

Compound Powders 639 

Precipitation 640 

Elutriation 640 

Granulation 640 

Tills and Boluses 641 

Extracts 644 

Confections, Conserves, Electuaries 646 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. XI 

PAGE 

Pulps 646 

Syrups . • 646 

Mellites, or Honeys 647 

Infusions 647 

Decoctions 648 

Tinctures 648 

Maceration 648 

Displacement ............ 649 

Fluid Extracts by Repercolation 653 

"Wines 654 

Vinegars 654 

Mixtures 654 

Medicated Waters 656 

Distilled, Essential, or Volatile Oils 659 

Fixed Oils and Fats . . . 665 

Alkaloids 665 

Spirits 666 

Troches, or Lozenges 666 

Inhalations 667 

External Remedies 667 

Baths • . . * . . .667 

Cold Bath 667 

Cool Bath 668 

Temperate Bath 668 

Tepid Bath . 668 

Warm Bath - ... 668 

Hot Bath 669 

Shower Bath . . 669 

Local Baths 670 

Yapor Bath 670 

Warm Air Bath 670 

Douches 670 

Medicated Baths 671 

Affusion 671 

Sponging 672 

Fomentations 673 

Cataplasms, or Poultices 674 

Lotions, Liniments, Embrocations 675 

Vesicatories, or Blisters 676 

Issues 676 

Setons 676 

Ointments . . . 677 

Cerates , 677 

Plasters 678 

Suppositories 679 

Fumigations 680 

Blood-letting 681 

General Blood-letting . . .682 

Venesection 682 

Arteriotomy 684 



XLL TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Topical Blood-letting 684 

Cupping 684 

Leeching 685 

Scarifications 686 

POISONS 687 

INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES 705 

INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES . . 727 

GENERAL INDEX 733 



A UNIVERSAL FORMULARY. 



INTRODUCTION. 

Before entering upon the main object of the work, some introductory 
observations are required, on the forms in which remedial substances are 
administered, the processes to be pursued in their preparation, and on the 
weights and measures employed in the proper apportionment of the ingre- 
dients, and in the regulation of the doses to be administered. 

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. - 

These vary much in different countries, and even in the same country. 
Thus, in Great Britain and the United States, there are three standards of 
weight recognized and employed: the Avoirdupois, the Troy, and the 
Apothecaries'. 

Weights of the United States and Great Britain. 

Avoirdupois Weight. 

This is the common standard employed in the selling or buying of such 
articles as are measured by weight, and is also in use among apothecaries in 
this country, except in the compounding and dispensing oj medicines. 

Equal to troy grains. 

1 drachm 21.34375 

16 = 1 ounce 437.5 

256= 16= 1 pound 7000. 

3584 = 224 == 14 = 1 stone 98000. 

28672 = 1792 = 112 = 8=1 hundred weight 784000. 

473440 = 35840 = 2240 = 160 = 20 = 1 ton 15680000. 

In weighing many articles, what is called the short ton, or 2000 pounds, 
is employed. 

Troy Weight 

Is used in the sale of gold, silver, platina, and precious stones. 
1 grain 
24 = 1 pennyweight 
480 = 20 = i ounce 
5760 = 240 = 12 = 1 pound. 
The following are the relative proportions between the troy and the 
avoirdupois : — 

One pound troy is equivalent to 0.822857 pound avoirdupois, or 13 ounces, 
2 drachms, 1 scruple, 8.7 grains. [13 ounces, 72.5 grains.] 

One ounce troy is equivalent to 1 ounce, 1 drachm, 1 scruple, 6.225 grains 
avoirdupois. 

2 ( It ) 



18 



INTRODUCTION". 



One pound avoirdupois is equivalent to 1.215277 pound troy, or 1 pound, 
2 ounces, 4 drachms, and 2 scruples. 

One ounce avoirdupois is equivalent to 7 drachms, 17.5 grains troy. 

144 pounds avoirdupois are equivalent to 175 pounds troy. 

175 ounces troy are equivalent to 192 ounces avoirdupois. 

The following table of equivalents in troy and avoirdupois weight, de- 
rived from Redwood's edition of Gray's Supplement to the Pharmacopoeia, 
will be found useful in making these calculations. 



EQUIVALENTS 


IN TROY AND AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 


Troy grains. 


Troy. 


Avoirdupois. 


lbs. 


oz. 


drs. 


grs. 


lbs. 


oz. 


grs. 


60 






1 








60 


120 






2 








120 


240 






4 








240 


437.5 






7 


17.5 




1 




480 




1 








1 


42.5 


875 




1 


6 


35 




2 




960 




2 








2 


85 


1312.5 




2 


5 


52.5 




3 




1440 




3 








3 


127.5 


1750 




3 


5 


10 




4 




1920 




4 








4 


170 


2187.5 




4 


4 


27.5 




5 




2400 




5 








5 


212.5 


2625.0 




5 


3 


45 




6 




2880 




6 








6 


255 


3062.5 




6 


3 


2.5 




7 




3360 




7 








7 


297.5 


3500 




7 


2 


20 




8 




3840 




8 








8 


340 


3937.5 




8 


1 


37.5 




9 




4320 




9 








9 


382.5 


4375 




9 





55 




10 




4800 




10 








10 


425 


4812.5 




10 




12.5 




11 




5250 




10 


7 


30 




12 




5280 




11 








12 


30 


5687.5 




11 


6 


47.5 




13 




5760 












13 


72.5 


6125 







6 


5 




14 




6562.5 




1 


5 


22.5 




15 




7000 




2 


4 


40 








7680 




4 








1 


242.5 


9600 




8 








5 


422.5 


10500 




9 


7 






8 




11520 


2 










10 


145 


14000 


2 


5 


1 


20 


2 






17280 


3 








2 


7 


217.5 


21000 


3 


7 


6 





3 






23040 


4 








3 


4 


290 


28000 


4 


10 


2 


40 


4 






28800 


5 








4 


1 


362.5 



INTRODUCTION 



19 









Troy. 






Avoirdupois. 


Troy grains. 














lbs. 


oz. 


drs. 


grs. 


lbs. 


oz. 


grs. 


34560 


6 








4 


14 


435 


35000 


6 





7 


20 


5 






40320 


7 








5 


12 


70 


42000 


7 


3 


4 





6 






46080 


8 








6 


9 


142.5 


49000 


8 


6 





40 


7 






51840 


9 








7 


6 


215 


56000 


9 


8 


5 


20 


8 






57600 


10 








8 


3 


287.5 


63000 


10 


11 


2 





9 






63360 


11 








9 





360 


69120 


12 








9 


13 


432.5 


70000 


12 


1 


6 


40 


10 






74880 


13 








10 


11 


67.5 


77000 


13 


4 


3 


20 


11 






80640 


14 








11 


8 


140 


84000 


14 


7 








12 






86400 


15 








12 


5 


212.5 


91000 


15 


9 


4 


40 


13 






92160 


16 








13 


2 


285 


97920 


17 








13 


15 


357.5 


98000 


17 





1 


20 


14 






103680 


18 








14 


12 


430 


105000 


18 


2 


6 





15 






109440 


19 








15 


10 


65 


112000 


19 


5 


2 


40 


16 






115200 


20 








16 


7 


137.5 


119000 


20 


7 


7 


20 


17 






120960 


21 








17 


4 


210 


126000 


21 


10 


4 





18 






126720 


22 








18 


1 


282.5 


132480 


23 








18 


14 


355 


133000 


23. 


1 





40 


19 






138240 


24 








19 


11 


427.5 


140000 


24 


3 


5 


20 


20 






144000 


25 








20 


9 


62.5 


147000 


25 


6 


2 





21 






149760 


26 








21 


6 


135 


154000 


26 


8 


6 


40 


22 






155520 


27 








22 


3 


207.5 


161000 


27 


11 


3 


20 


23 






161280 


28 








23 





280 


167040 


29 








23 


13 


352.5 


168000 


29 


2 








24 






172800 


30 








24 


10 


425 


175000 


30 


4 


4 


40 


25 






178560 


31 








25 


8 


59 


182000 


31 


7 


1 


20 


26 






184320 


32 








26 


5 


131.5 


189000 


32 


9 


6 





27 






190080 


33 








27 


2 


204 


195840 


34 








27 


15 


276.5 



20 



INTRODUCTION 





Troy. 


Avoirdupois. 


Troy grains. 


„. .... 
















lbs. 


oz. 


drs. 


grs. 


lbs. 


oz. 


grB. 


196000 


34 





2 


40 


28 






201600 


35 








28 


12 


149 


203000 


35 


2 


7 


20 


29 






207360 


36 








29 


9 


421.5 


210000 


36 


5 


4 





30 






230400 


40 








32 


14 


275 


280000 


48 


7 


2 


40 


40 






288000 


50 








41 


2 


125 


345600 


60 








49 


5 


412.5 


350000 


60 


9 


1 


20 


50 






403200 


70 








57 


9 


262.5 


420000 


72 


11 








60 






460800 


80 








65 


13 


113 


490000 


85 





6 


40 


70 






518400 


90 








74 





400.5 


560000 


97 


2 


5 


20 


80 






576000 


100 








82 


4 


250.5 


630000 


109 


4 


4 





90 






645120 


112 








92 


2 


245 


700000 


121 


6 


2 


40 


100 






784000 


136 


1 


2 


40 


112 







When applied to the compounding or dispensing of medicines, this standard 
of weight is known as Apothecaries' weight, and differs from the last in the 
subdivision of the ounce, viz. : — 

Apothecaries' Weight. 
1 grain 
20 = 1 scruple 
60 = 3=1 drachm 
480 = 24 = 8 = 1 ounce 
5760 = 288 = 96 = 12 = 1 pound. 

To designate these divisions, the following marks are generally used in pre- 
scriptions ; a grain, gr. ; a scruple, 9 ; a drachm, 5 ; an ounce, 3 ; a pound, lb. 
Since the edition of 1860 the United States Pharmacopoeia designates all 
weights in troyounces and grains ; this was deemed necessary on account of 
the greater simplicity of this method, and in order to avoid confusion when 
comparing the preparations of this authority with the various pharmacopoeias 
at that time in use in Great Britain, as will he seen from the following table 
of the 

Dublin Weights, 
Adopted by the Dublin College in the edition of their Pharmacopoeia for 
1850: — 

1 grain 
18.22= 1 scruple 
54.68 =3=1 drachm 
437.5 = 24 = 8=1 ounce 
7000. = 384 = 128 = 16 = 1 pound. 

In 1804 the first British Pharmacopoeia was published under the direction 
of the " General Council of Medical Education and Registration of the United 



INTRODUCTION. 21 

Kingdom ;" this, and the later edition of 1867, superseded the pharmacopoeias 
of the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Colleges, by virtue of parliamentary 
enactments of 1858 and subsequently, establishing the complete uniformity 
of medicinal weights throughout Great Britain. They are as follows: — 

1 grain 
431. 5 = 1 ounce 
7000. = 16 = 1 pound. 

Physicians in the United States and in Great Britain continue to use the 
symbols 9 and 5, which, in both countries, represent, the former 20, and the 
latter 60 grains. 

Foreign Weights. 

France. — Anterior to the French Revolution of 1789, the scale of weight 
used was the poids de marc, the unit of which was the pound of Charlemagne, 
which was equivalent to 7561 troy grains, and was divided as follows: — 

Poids de Marc 

Troy grains. Grammes. 

1 grain = 0.8203 = 3.0531 

24= 1 denier = 19.687 == 1.274 

72= 3= lgros = 59.070= 3.824 

576= 24= 8= 1 once = 472.545 = 30.594 

4608 = 192= 64= 8 = 1 marc =3780.500 =244.753 

6912 = 288= 96 = 12 = 1 livre medicinal =5670.750 =367.129 

9216 = 384 = 128 = 16 = 1 livre marchand or poid 

demarc =7561.000 =489.505 

When the decimal system was introduced by the National Assembly, a 
new series of measures was adopted, termed the metrical, in which the metre, 
or the ten-millionth part of a quarter of the meridian of the earth, is taken as 
the unit ; this is divided into ten parts, each of which is called a decimetre, 
which in turn is divided into ten centimetres. A cubic decimetre is assumed 
as the unit of measures of capacity, and termed a litre. The unit of weight 
is called a gramme, and is a cubic centimetre of distilled water at 39.5 Fahr. 

Metrical Weight. 

Troy grains. 

1 milligramme = .01 5434 

10 = 1 centigramme = .15434 

100 = 10 = 1 decigramme = 1.5434 

1000= 100= 10= 1 gramme = 15.434 

10000= 1000= 100= 10= 1 decagramme = 154.34 

100000= 10000= 1000= 100= 10= 1 hectogramme = 1543.4 
1000000 = 100000 = 10000 = 1000 = 100 = 10 = 1 kilogram. =15434. 

This system of weights, although adopted by the scientific men of France, 
was not favorably received by the people generally, who obstinately adhered 
to the old system of the poids de marc ; and, although many stringent laws 
were passed, from time to time, to render the metrical system obligatory, the 
government in 1812 was forced to make an attempt to amalgamate the two 
systems, by altering the livre, and making it equal to half a kilogramme, 
assuming this as the unit, and calculating the other divisions from it, accord- 
ing to the old nomenclature. The following table shows the equivalent of 
the two scales and of avoirdupois : — 



22 INTRODUCTION". 

French Weights op 1812. 

French weights Metrical weight, English avoirdupois, 

of 1812. grammes. lb. oz. dr. grains. 

1 iivre =500 =1 1 10 6.06 
J " = 250 = 8 13 3.03 
\ " = 125 = 4 6 15.19 

2 once = 62.5 = 2 3 7.60 
1 " = 31.25 = 1 1 17.47 
\ " = 15.625 = 8 22.40 
2gros = 7.812 = 4 11.20 
1 " = 3.906 = 2 5.60 
J " = 1.9531 == 1 2.80 
1 grain = 0.0542 = 0.837 

The adoption of this system was not made obligatory upon the pharma- 
ciens by law until the year 1827; and indeed it appears never to have been 
generally adopted, the greatest confusion having prevailed with regard to the 
weights and measures used in the preparation of medicine, as well as in com- 
merce generally, up to the year 1840. In July, 1837, a law was passed which 
definitely abolished the use of all other weights and measures, excepting 
those of the metrical or decimal system, from and after August, 1840. The 
Metrical Weight, therefore, is now the only one permitted to be used 
throughout France. 

The exact proportion of troy weight to the metrical standard has never 
been fully and exactly ascertained. In the table previously given, the kilo- 
gramme has been considered as equivalent to 15434 grains troy, which is the 
usual estimate of it. Francoeur, however, estimates the pound troy as equal 
to 392.9986 grammes; Matthieu, Legendre, and Duborg, as equal to 373.0956 
grammes; Chelius and Houschild to 373.243 grammes. But the most cor- 
rect estimation appears to be that of Lochman, who considers 9216 grains 
poid de marc as equivalent to 7555 grains troy ; the pound troy as equal to 
7026.320 grains marc and the kilogramme as equal to 15434 grains troy. 1 
The subjoined tables are calculated on this estimation: — 

Value op Troy Weight in Metrical Weight. 

One pound = 373.202 grammes. 

One ounce = 31.10017 " 

One drachm = 3.887521 " 

One scruple == 1.295840 " 

One grain =■ 0.06479201 " 

Value of Troy Weight in Marc Weight. 
One pound = 12 ounces, 1 gros, 42.32 grains. 

One ounce = 1 once 9.53 " 

One drachm = 1 " 1.19 " 

One scruple = 24.40 " 

One grain = 1.22 " 

The other European states used to differ greatly in their medicinal weights, 
both from the troy standard and among themselves ; this difference, how- 
ever, is rapidly disappearing, partly in consequence of the consolidation of 
the small European principalities into larger states, like Italy and Germany, 

1 By examination .it the English mint the gramme is determined to be 15.434 troy 
grains. Tin- Bureau of Hydrography in Washington has more recently determined it to 
1>< L6.4322, which makes twelve troy ounces =s= 373.246 grammes. Tn the above and the 
subsequent tahles we follow the U. S. Pharmacopeia, which gives the value as ascer- 
tains! by the English weighings The British Pharmacopoeia gives the weight of 1 
gramme — 15.432 grains, aud oi' 1 kilogramme = 15432.348 grains. 



INTKODUCTION. 



23 



but chiefly because the Freuch metrical weight has been adopted or its 
adoption is contemplated in nearly all the states of continental Europe. 
Besides in France, it is in use, by virtue of legal enactments, in Belgium, 
Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Switzerland, and its employment is per- 
mitted in the adjoining states. 

The following synopsis and table will be sufficient to show the variations 
as they existed about the year 1860 ; aside from their historical interest, 
they will serve the important purpose of aiding in readily converting the 
weights of old formulas into troy weights. 

1 . The medicinal pound, except in Dublin and Turkey, and by the old 
poids de marc, was in all of them divided into 12 ounces. 

2. In all of them the ounce was divided into 8 drachms, except in Naples, 
where it contained 10. 

3. In all, the drachm was divided into 3 scruples. 

4. But the value of the scruple differed. It was composed of 24 grains 
at Bologna, Coni, Lucca, Modena, Parma, Rome, and in Spain, France, Por- 
tugal, Tuscany, and Sardinia ; 

Of 20 grains in Great Britain (excepting Dublin, where it was 18.22 
grains), the United States, Austria, Bavaria, Holland, Poland, Prussia, and 
Sweden ; at Lubeck, Naples, Nuremberg, and Yenice ; 

5. Consequently the pound consisted of 

5160 grains in the United States, Great Britain, Austria, Bavaria, Hol- 
land, Poland, Prussia, and Sweden; at Lubeck, Nuremberg, and Yenice; 

6400 grains in Turkey ; 

6912 grains in Spain, Portugal, Tuscany, Sardinia, Bologna, Lucca, Mo- 
dena, Parma, Rome, and Coni ; 

7000 grains in Dublin; 

7200 grains at Naples ; 

9216 grains in France by the poids de marc. 

The subjoined table shows the differential values between the troy weight 
and the medicinal weights of the countries of Europe, calculated in grains : — 



COUNTRIES, Etc. 



Austria 1 
Bavaria 2 . . . . 
Bologna. . . . 

Coni 

Corte 

Holland 3 . . . 
Lubeck 

Lucca 

Modena 
Monticelli 4 . . 
Naples 5 
Nuremberg 6 . 



Value of the 

pound, 

5760 grains. 



5118.09 
5971.23 
7920.93 
8392.40 
1807.42 
5732.38 
5823.60 
7711.73 
7576.80 
8334.64 
8377.11 
6007.22 



Value of the 


Value of the 


ounce, 


drachm, 


480 grains. 


60 grains. 


426.51 


53.31 


497.60 


62.20 


660.08 


82.51 


699.37 


87.42 


650.62 


81.33 


477.70 


59.71 


485.30 


60.66 


642.64 


80.33 


631.40 


78.92 


694.55 


86.82 


698.09 


87.26 


500.60 


62.58 



Value of the 

scruple, 

20 grains. 



17.77 
20.73 
27.50 
29.14 
27.11 
19.90 
20.22 
26.78 
26.31 
28.94 
29.09 
20.86 



Value of the 
grain. 



0.89 
1.04 
1.38 
1.46 
1.36 
1.00 
1.01 
1.34 
1.32 
1.45 
1.46 
.1.04 



1 This weight was used in Austria Proper, Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary, Transylvania, 
Tyrol, and the Lombardo- Venetian kingdom, with the exception of the city of Venice. 
3 This weight has been adopted in Greece. 
3 This weight was also used in Belgium. 
* Monticelli, Castelvetro, and Polesine. 

5 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. 

6 After the incorporation of Nuremberg in the kingdom of Bavaria, the Bavarian 
standard was used in that city. But the Nuremberg weight was still extensively used 
in Germany, and is yet employed in other countries. In Germany, we found it in the 



24 



INTKODUCTION. 





Value of the 


Value of the 


Value of the 


Value of the 


Value of the 


COUNTRIES, Etc. 


pound, 


ounce, 


drachm, 


scruple, 


grain. 




6760 grains. 


480 grains. 


60 grains. 


20 grains. 




Parma 1 


7864.55 


655.38 


81.92 


27.31 


1.37 


Piacenza 2 


8124.20 


677.02 


84.63 


28.21 


1.41 


Poland 


5996.04 


499.67 


62.46 


20.82 


1.04 


Portugal 


7494.62 


624.55 


78.07 


26.02 


1.30 


Prussia 3 


6128.12 


510.68 


63.83 


21.28 


1.06 


Rome 


7607.72 


633.98 


79.25 


26.42 


1.32 


Spain 


7475.46 


622.96 


77.87 


25.96 


1.30 


Sweden 


6034.48 


502.87 


62.86 


20.95 


1.05 


Turin 


7770.71 


647.56 


80.94 


26.98 


1.35 


Turkey 


7436.78 


619.73 


77.47 


25.82 


1.29 


Tuscany 


7597.21 


633.10 


79.14 


26.38 


1.32 


Venice 


7136.23 


594.69 


74.34 


24.78 


1.24 



duchies of Saxe-Altenburg and of Anhalt Bernburg ; grand duchy of Baden ; city of 
Bremen ; duchies of Brunswick, Saxe Meiningen, and Saxe Coburg Gotha ; cities of 
Frankfort-on-the-Maine and Hamburg ; kingdom of Hanover ; electorate of Hesse, 
grand duchy of Hesse, landgraviate of Hesse Homburg ; principality of Hohenzollern 
Sigmaringen ; duchy of Nassau ; grand duchy of Oldenburg ; principalities of Reuss- 
Plaueu and Reuss-Schleitz, of Schwartzburg-Rudolstadt, and Schwartzburg-Sonder- 
hausen ; duchy of Sleswick-Holstein ; principality of Waldeck ; grand ducby of Saxe- 
Weimar ; and kingdom of Wirtemberg. 

Tbe Nuremberg standard was also adopted in Denmark, Norway, Finland, Russia, 
and Switzerland. 

1 Parma, Borgo San-Dannino, Pellegrino, San-Secondo, Fontanellato, and Bussetto. 

3 Piacenza, Fiorenzola, and Carpaneta. 

3 This standard had been adopted in the kingdom of Saxony, the principalities of 
Lippe-Detmold and Lippe-Schaumburg, and the duchy of Anhalt-Dessau. It differs so 
little from those of Anhalt-Coethen and the grand duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 
and Mecklenburg-Strelitz that the former standard of these three territories may be con- 
sidered identical with that of Prussia. 



This table needs hardly any explanation : it will enable the pharmaceutist — in all cases 
of foreign formulae — to calculate the foreign weight in troy weight ; thus, e. g., one grain 
troy being equal to 0.89 grain of Austria, the value of one grain Austrian weight in troy 
weight may be readily ascertained by a simple rule-of-three example : — 

0.89 : 1 : : 1 

1 X 1 = X 1 = 0.100 
0.89)0.100(1.1235 
89 

110 
89 

210 
178 

320 
267 

530 
445 



65 



INTRODUCTION. 



25 



The value of these various pounds in grammes is thus calculated by Jour- 
dain : — 



The pound of 5760 grains. 

Venice = 

Prussia == 

Sweden = 

Nuremberg = 

Poland = 

Bavaria = 

Lubeck = 

United States and Great") 

Britain j 

Holland = 

Austria = 

The pound of 6400 grains. 
Turkey = 

The pound of 6912 grains. 

Coni = 

Monticelli = 



Grammes. 

301.230 
= 350.761 
= 356.227 
= 357.843 
= 358.510 
= 360.000 
= 369.126 

= 373.202 

= 375.000 
= 420.009 

321.317 

307.370 
307.370 



Piacenza = 

Bologna = 

Soragna = 

Parma = 

Corte = 

Turin = 

Lucca = 

Rome == 

Tuscany == 

Modena = 

Portugal == 

Spain = 

The pound of 7200 grains. 
Naples 

The pound of 9216 grains. 
France 



Grammes. 

317.577 

325.665 
325.800 
328.000 
330.400 
331.961 
334.500 
339.073 
339.542 
340.457 
344.190 
345.072 



== 320.230 



= 489.503 



The following tables are taken, slightly modified, from the United States 
Pharmacopoeia ; they will be found useful for converting the apothecaries' 
and metrical weights one into the other. 

Relation of Weights op the U. S. Pharmacopoeia to Metrical Weights. 



Grain. Milligrammes. 


Grains. 


Grammes. 


Apothecaries' w't. Grammes. 


& = 


1.012 


i = 


0.0648 


5i 


= 


3.887 


l 


1.079 


ij = 


0.1295 


M 


= 


7.775 


1 

5T» 


1.295 


i\J = 


0.1943 


3Mj 


= 


11.663 


1 

?"5 


1.349 


IV = 


0.2591 


3iv 


s= 


15.550 


1 


1.619 


v = 


0.3239 


5v 


= 


19.438 


*p 


1.799 


vi = 


0.3887 


3vi 


sss 


23.325 


1 

"3T 


2.025 


vij = 


0.4535 


3vij 


== 


27.213 


& = 


2.159 


vnj = 


0.5183 


li 


= 


31.100 


1 

2T — 


2.591 


rx = 


0.5831 


fflj 


= 


62.200 


l 


2.699 


X = 


0.6479 


liij 


= 


93.300 


3\F = 


3.239 


XI] = 


0.7775 


^iv 


-. — 


124.401 


7^ == 


4.049 


XV =s 


0.9718 


gv 


= 


155.501 


1 

T5 


4.319 


XVI = 


1.036 


Svi 


= 


186.601 


T 

1^ 


5.399 


xviij = 


1.166 


Ivij 


= 


217.701 


1 


6.479 


XX = 


1.295 


Iviij 


= 


248.801 


1 

. 1 = 


8.098 


, XXIV = 


1.555 


Jix 


= 


279.902 


10.798 


XXV = 


1.619 


gx 


== 


311.002 


1 - 

j; — 


12.958 


XXX = 


1.943 


Sxi 





342.102 


i = 


16.197 


xl = 


2.591 


tbi 


= 


373.202 


1 — 

1 = 

2 


21.597 


1 = 


3.239 


ft>ij 





746.404 


32.395 


lx = 


3.887 


rfeiij 


= 


1119.606 



26 



INTRODUCTION - . 



Relation of Metrical Weights to Weights of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. 





Exact 


Approximate 




Exact 


Approximate 


Grammes. 


equivalent in 


equivalent 


Grammes. 


equivalent in 


equivalent in 




grains. 


in grains. 




grains. 


troy weight. 


0.001 


.0154 


i 
¥5" 


1 


15.434 


gr. xv 


0.002 


.0308 


l 
32 


2 


30.868 


5ss 


0.003 


.0463 


1 
22 


3 


46.302 


99 


0.004 


.0617 


IS" 


4 


61.736 


3i 


0.005 


.0771 


I 1 * 


5 


77.170 


9iv 


0.00G 


.0926 


l\ 


6 


92.604 


5iss 


0.007 


.1080 


<y 


7 


108.038 


3vss 


. 0.008 


.1234 


s 


8 


123.472 


3ij 


0.009 


.1389 


l 


9 


138.906 


9vij 


0.01 


.1543 


F 


10 


154.340 


3ijss 


0.02 


.3086 


i 


20 


308.680 


3v 


0.03 


.4630 


6 
IF 


30 


463.020 


3vij 9ij 


0.04 


.6173 


7 

t r 


40 


617.360 


3x9i 


0.05 


.7717 


3 


50 


771.701 


3xiij 


0.06 


.9260 


A 


60 


926.041 


3xvss 


0.07 


1.0803 


1 


70 


1080.381 


3 xvii J 


0.08 


1.2347 


ii 


80 


1234.721 


5xxss 


0.09 


1.3890 


i* 


90 


1389.062 


5xxiij 


0.1 


1.543 


H 


100 


1543402 


m 9v 


0.2 


3.086 


3 


200 


3086.804 


Svi 3iij 


0.3 


4.630 


H 


300 


4630.206 


Six 3v 


0.4 


6.173 


6 


400 


6173.609 


rbi 3vij 


0.5 


7.717 


H 


500 


7717.011 


ibi §iv 


0.6 


9.260 


9 


600 


9260.413 


tt>i gvij 


0.7 


10.803 


11 


700 


10803.816 


ibi ^x 3iv 


0.8 


12.347 


12J 


800 


12347.218 


ftij §i 3 V 


0.9 


13.890 


14 


900 


13890.620 


ftij 3v 








1000 


15434.023 


ft>ij ifviij 



Liquid Measures of the United States and Great Britain. 

The liquid measures employed by the apothecaries in the United States 
are the wine gallon and its subdivisions. 

Wine or Apothecaries' Measure. 
(Adopted in the United States Pharmacopoeia.) 

Cubic inches. Grains troy. 

1 minim, v^ 0.95 

60 = 1 fluidrachm, f . 3 — 0.2256 = 56.96 

480= 8= lfluidouuce, f. g = 1.8047= 455.69 

7680= 128= 16 = 1 pint, O = 28.875 = 7291.ll 

61440 = 1 024 = 128 = 8 =1 gallon, Cong. = 231. = 58328.88 

For a long time, the Royal Colleges of Physicians in England, Scotland, 
and [reland declined to recognize the use of measures in preparing and dis- 
pensing medicines, on the ground that the varying densities of different fluids 
rendered it difficult to use one common measure for all without risk of serious 
errors. But as druggists and medical practitioners constantly employed 
measures, in defiance of the prohibition, and as the practice, besides being 
attended with great and obvious convenience, was found to be less fraught 
with danger than had been conceived, the London College in the first instance, 
and subsequently the other colleges also, recognized a system of measures of 



INTRODUCTION. 27 

their own, founded on the standard measures of the country. The same 
standard has been adopted by the British Pharmacopoeia ; its basis is the 
imperial pint of 1826, which is divided into twenty parts, called fluidounces ; 
each of which corresponds exactly with an avoirdupois ounce of distilled 
water at 62° F. and 30° bar., and therefore contains 437.5 grains troy. The 
fluidounce is subdivided into eight parts of 54.6875 grains, termed flui- 
drachms ; and each of these consists of sixty parts, called minims, which 
therefore amount each in weight to 0.91146 troy grain of distilled water. 

Imperial Measure. 
(Adopted by the British Pharmacopoeia.) 

Grains troy. Avoirdupois. 

1 minim = 0.91 

60 = 1 fluidrachm = 54.7 

480 = 8 " 1 fluidounce = 437.5 = 1 oz. 

9600 = 160 " = 20 " = 1 pint = 8750. = 1.25 lb. 

76800 = 1280 " = 160 " = 8 " = 1 gallon = 70000. = 10 lbs. 

Yalue op Wine or Apothecaries' Measure in Imperial Measure. 

"Wine Measure. Imperial Measure. 

Pints. Fluidounces. Fluidrachms. Minims. 

1 gallon = 6 13 2 23 

1 pint = 16 5 18 

1 fluidounce = 1 . : 20 

1 fluidrachm = 1 2.5 

1 minim = 1.04 

Value of Imperial Measures in Wine or Apothecaries' Measure. 

Gallon. Pints. Fluidounces. Fluidrachms. Minims. 

1 gallon 1 1 9 ..5 8 

1 pint 1 3 1 38 

1 fluidounce 7 41 

1 fluidrachm 58 

1 minim » 0.9 

None of the pharmacopoeias of continental Europe permit the use of 
measures either in making preparations or in compounding prescriptions ; 
those which have been recently issued give, like the French Codex, all 
quantities in parts, which invariably means parts by weight. This has been 
adhered to in this Formulary in all cases where these parts by weight could 
not conveniently be converted into weights and measures of the U. S. Phar- 
macopoeia. The emplo} T ment of weights to the entire exclusion of measures 
has, particularly in making chemical and pharmaceutical preparations, so 
many advantages over the use of measures, and is so much more accurate, 
that those who have become accustomed to their use will not abandon them 
in favor of the latter whenever the nature of the preparation or the officinal 
directions will permit. In France, where the relation between weight and 
measure is so very close (see page 21), water may be measured, if at or near 
the temperature of 40° F. 

Besides these regular and authorized measures, there are others constantly 
used in the preparation and administration of medicines, which require notice. 
These, which have been adopted for convenience, are far from being uniform, 
but may be used without danger for ordinary purposes. Drs. Wood and 
Bache estimate the 

Teacup as containing about four fluidounces. 
Wineglass " ki two fluidounces. 

Tablespoon " " a half a fluidounce. 

Teaspoon " M a fluidrachm. 



28 INTRODUCTION. 

Dr. Christison gives a somewhat different calculation ; he considers a 

Tumbler to contain eight fluidounces. 

Breakfast cup " " " 

Teacup " five fluidounces. 

Wineglass u two fluidounces. 

Tablespoon " half a fluidounce. 

Dessertspoon " two fluidrachms. 

Teaspoon " one fluidrachm. 

In both these estimates, the teaspoon is rated too low ; they apply very 
well to the teaspoon formerly used, but not to the much larger kind now in 
general use, which approaches the dessertspoon in capacity. Quart and pint 
bottles are also sometimes employed as measures of capacity for medical 
purposes ; but they are very fallacious guides of quantity, as the so-called 
quart wine bottle never holds a quart, nor the misnamed pint wine bottle a 
pint. The first seldom holds more than twenty-six to twenty-seven fluid- 
ounces, and the latter from thirteen to fourteen. 

It is still more common to estimate small quantities or doses of medicine 
by drops, as representing, and equivalent to, minims. This is so convenient, 
that it is not likely to be abandoned, though nothing can be more erroneous, 
as the size of the drop of the same fluid varies much with the form of the 
mouth of the bottle, its size, the mode in which the operation is performed, 
the temperature, and still more from the nature of the fluid thus attempted 
to be measured. Numerous experiments have been made on the subject, but 
can only be considered as approximate estimates, though sufficiently accu- 
rate for practical purposes. 

Mr. Alsop, of London, some years since, published the result of some 
experiments made by him, which show the great variation to which this 
mode of measuring is liable. The following proves that the number of drops 
required to measure a fluidrachm are widely different when dropped from a 
large or a small bottle. 

One fluidrachm. Large bottle. Small bottle. 

Diluted sulphuric acid 24 drops. 84 drops. 

Scheele's hydrocyanic acid 35 " *T0 " 

Distilled water 31 " 54 " 

Solution of ammonia 40 " 48 " 

Tincture of opium 84 " 135 " 

Rectified spirit 100 " 130 " 

Tincture of chloride of iron 100 " 150 " 

Mr. Durand, of Philadelphia, in an able paper on the subject (Journal 
Phila. Col. of Pharm., vol. i. p. 165), says, "The bulk of drops depends 
not only on the density of the liquids which furnish them, and the cohesion 
of the constituent particles of that liquid, but also on the shape of the mouth 
of the vessel from which they are poured. An open vessel with a beak, such 
as the common graduated measure, affords a larger drop than a bottle with 
the stopper half drawn out ; a mode commonly practised. That furnished 
by the dropping-tube is still smaller, and is ever liable to vary with the 
greater or lesser diameter of its extremity. Besides, in every instance, the 
first drops poured from any vessel are always smaller than those subse- 
quently obtained." 

He goes on to say that the following may be considered as established : — 
1. That liquids which contain a small proportion of water afford a small 
drop; while, on the contrary, liquids containing a large quantity of water 
furnish a large drop. For instance, concentrated acids, ethers, rectified 
alcohol, fixed and essential oils, etc., which contain a very small proportion 
of water, yield a smaller drop than diluted acids, weak alcohol, wine, etc. 



INTRODUCTION. 



29 



2. That, among liquids containing a large proportion of water, those which 
are not charged with remedial substances give a larger and heavier drop 
than those same liquids containing extraneous bodies in solution. Thus, 
weak alcohol, wine, vinegar, and water furnish a larger and heavier drop 
than the tinctures prepared from them. 

The following: table illustrates his remarks : — 



TABLE 

Showing the Difference between Minims, Drops, and Grains of various 
Medicinal Liquid Preparations of the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
States, etc. 



PREPARATIONS. 


m oj 

o.5 

si 


°1 


m 

o c 

•a as 


05 

o2 




fc-S 


&a 


fc.5 


fcS 


Sulphuric acid 


30 


13.3 


25 


16 


Sulphuric ether 


50 
46 

28 


8 

8.6 
14.2 


60 
57 
22.2 


6 


Rectified alcohol 


7.1 


Nitric acid 


18 


Acetic acid (crystallizable) 


40 


10 


40 


10 


Muriatic acid 


18 
40 


22.2 
10 


18.1 

50 


22 


Oil of wormseed (chenopod. anthelmintic um) 


8 


of peppermint, anise, sweet almond, olive, 










palma christi 


40 
40 
40 
40 


10 
10 
10 
10 


43.5 
36 
32 
40 


9 


of cloves 


11 


of cinnamon 


12.5 


Copaiba 


10 


Diluted alcohol 


40 


10 


42 


9.5 


Tincture of iodide of potassium, canthari- 




des, kino, digitalis, assafetida, sul- 










phuric acid, colchicum, opium, vale- 










rian, guaiacum 


40 


10 


43 


9.3 


of valerian, guaiacum (volatile) 


40 


10 


50 


8 


of chloride of iron 


44 

26 


9.1 
15.3 


50 
25 


8 


Wine, Teneriffe 


16 


antimonial 


24 


16.6 


26 


15.3 


of opium (Sj'denham's laudanum) . . . 


26 


15.3 


29 


13.7 


of colchicum root and seeds 


25 


16 


29 


13.7 


Yinegar, distilled 


19 


21 


20 


20 


of opium (black drop)} 










of colchicum v 


26 


15.3 


25 


16 


of squill ) 




Water, distilled 


15 
15 


26.6 
26.6 


17.5 
17.5 


24.5 


solution of hydrocyanic acid 


24.5 


sulphuric acid (1 to 7) 


17 


23.5 


17 


23.5 


nitric " " 


17 


23.5 


17 


23.5 


ammonia (strong) 


18 


22.2 


18.5 


22 


" (weak) 


15 


26.6 


20 


20 


iodide of potassium 


18 


22.2 


20 


20 


arsenite of potassium .... 


19 


21 


20 


20 



The only mode to obviate these discrepancies is for the physician to order 
the administration of small quantities of fluid medicines in minims, and not 



30 INTRODUCTION. 

in drops, which would induce the use of a minim measure in every sick 
room. 

French Measures of Capacity — Apothecaries' Measure. 

1 millilitre or cubic centimetre = 16.2318 minims. 

10= 1 centilitre = 2.7053 fl. dr. 

100= 10= 1 decilitre = 3.3816 fl. ounces. 

1000= 100= 10= 1 litre = 2.1135 pints. 

10000= 1000= 100= 10= 1 decalitre = 2.6419 gallons. 

100000= 10000= 1000= 100= 10= 1 hectolitre. = 26.4190 " 
1000000=100000=10000=1000=100 = 10=1 kilolitre =264.1900 " 

Litres. Eng. cubic inches. Imperial pints. Wine pints. Troy ounces of water. 

1 = 61.028 = 1.7608 = 2.1135 = 32.104 

2 = 122.056 = 3.5216 = 4.22.70 = 64.208 

3 = 183.084 = 5.2822 = 6.3405 = 96.312 

4 = 244.112 = 7.0430 = 8.4541 = 128.416 

5 = 305.140 = $.8038 = 10.5676 = 160.520 

6 = 366.168 = 10.5646 = 12.6811 = 192.624 

7 = 427.196 = 12.3253 = 14.7947 = 224.728 

8 = 488.224 = 14.0861 = 16.9082 = 256.832 

9 = 549.252 = 15.8469 = 19.0217 = 288.936 

The former measure in use before the introduction of the metrical system 
was the pint, and its subdivisions ; and it still continues to be employed in 
some parts. It agrees with the metrical measure as follows : — 

1 demi-poisson = 62.50 grammes = litre decilitre 6.25 centilitre. 

1 poisson =125 = " 1 " 2.5 " 

1 demi-setier =250 = " 2 " 5 " 

1 chopine =500 = " 5 " " 

1 pinte = 1000 = 1 " " " 

The subjoined is a list of the principal liquid measures 1 of Europe, with 
their corresponding value in the metrical measure of France : — 

Austria. — The fundamental unity is the mass or kanne — - 71.3343 Par. 
cubic inches, or 1.415015 litre. The mass is divided into 3 seidel, and 40 
mass make one eimer. 

Baden. — The fundamental unity is the mass = 1.5 decimetre cubic, and 
accordingly equivalent to 1.5 litre. 

Bavaria. — The fundamental unity is the mass = 43 decimal cubic inches 
of Bavaria, or 1.06921728 litre. The mass is divided into 4 shoppen. 

Denmark. — The fundamental unity is the pott (^\d part of a cubic foot 
Danish), equivalent to 0.96529 litre. The pott is divided into four pegel, 
and two potts make a kanne. 

Grand Duchy of Hesse. — The fundamental unity is the mass, which 
corresponds exactly to 2 litres. The mass is divided into 4 schoppen. 

Naples. — The unity is the barile, equivalent to 43.6216 litres. 

Portugal. — The unity is the almude, equivalent to 16.451 litres. 

Prussia. — The unity is the quart. This measure has a capacity of 64 
cubic inches of distilled water, at 61.25° Fahr. and 27° 10' barom., = 57.724 
cubic inches of Paris, or 1.145 litre. 3 

ROME. — The unity is the barile, equivalent to 58.3416 litres. 

RUSSIA.— The unity is the wedro, which contains 750 cubic inches of dis- 

1 These measures are not employed for pharmaceutical purposes, though they are 
occasionally made use of in prescriptions, however, merely in the same manner as ap- 
proximate measures. 

s Fm Prussia and the other German States the French litre is at present the unit of the 
measure of capacity. 



INTRODUCTION. 31 

tilled water, at 50° Fahr. and 30° barom., = 30 pounds Russian. The wedro 
is equivalent to 12.28963041 litres, and one litre is accordingly equivalent to 
0.081369410776019 wedro. The wedro is divided into 10 stof, and the stof 
into 10 tschark. 

Spain. — The unity is the arroba, equivalent to 16.073 litres. 

Sweden. — The fundamental unity is the kanna, which contains 100 cubic 
decimal inches of pure water at 62° Fahr., in vacuo, equivalent to 6.151951 
pounds Swedish. One pound Swedish of pure water at 62° Fahr., in vacuo, 
is equal to 0.4250104 litre ; the kanna is consequently equivalent to 
2.6146431552904 litres, or, calculated upon the maximum density of water, 
2.617341607126 litres, or, in shorter terms, 2.62 litres. The kanna is divided 
into 2 stop, the stop into 4 quarter, and the quarter into 4 jungfrur. 

Turin. — The unity is the brenta, divided into 36 pints, and equivalent to 
49.28468 litres. 

Tuscany. — The unity is the barile, equivalent to 45.584 litres. 

Wirtemberg. — The unity is the mass, which contains 78.125 cubic inches 
(Wirtemberg measure), and is equivalent to 1.83705 litre. The mass is di- 
vided into four schoppen. 

SPECIFIC GRAVITY. 

The following remarks on Specific Gravity have been taken from Red- 
wood's edition to Gray's Supplement, and comprise in a condensed form 
much useful information. 

The determination of the specific gravity of a body consists in estimating 
the weight of a given volume of it, as compared with an equal volume of 
some other body. The bodies usually taken as the standard of comparison 
are pure water for solids and liquids, and atmospheric air for gases. 

The specific gravity of a solid is determined first by weighing it in the 
ordinary manner with an accurate balance suspended in the air; then attach- 
ing a horse-hair, or fine silken thread to the solid body, immersing it in pure 
distilled water, and weighing it while thus immersed. The weight of the body 
in air, divided by the difference between its weight in air and its weight in 
water, will be its specific gravity. Thus a piece of lead is found to weigh 
398 grains in air. When immersed in water, its weight is 362.4 grains ; and 
the difference between these two weights, namely, 35.6, is the weight of the 
volume of water displaced by the lead, or of a volume of water equal to that 
of the lead. The volume of water being taken as unity, the specific gravity 
of the lead is found by the following rule-of-three sum : — 

35.6 : 1 : : 398 : 11.176, the specific gravity of the lead. 

In taking the specific gravity of a solid substance lighter than water, some 
modification of the process is required ; but we have, nevertheless, the same 
preliminary points to determine — first, the weight of the substance in air ; 
and secondly, the weight of an equal volume of water. This may be illus- 
trated by taking the specific gravity of a piece of wax. The weight of the 
wax in air is 105.4 grains. On immersing the wax in water, two pressures 
are exerted — a pressure downwards, equal to the gravity or weight of the 
wax, and a pressure upwards, equal to the weight of the volume of water 
displaced by the wax ; but the specific gravity of water being greater than 
that of wax, the upward pressure preponderates, and the wax rises to the 
surface. Thus, we find that a volume of water equal to that of the wax 
weighs as much as the wax, and something more. We must ascertain how 
much more ; and this is done in the following manner : Some body heavier 
than water, and the weight of which in water is known, is attached to the 
wax, and the two bodies are weighed in water together. A piece of lead may 
be used for this purpose. The lead, alone, weighs 378 grains in water; with 



32 INTRODUCTION. 

the wax attached to it, the weight in water is 372.4 grains, making a differ- 
ence of 5.6 grains ; and this 5.6 grains is equal to the excess of the upward 
over the downward pressure on the wax, when immersed in water. Thus, a 
volume of water equal to that of the wax weighs 5.6 grains more than the 
wax, or 105.4 -f 5.6 = 111 grains. 

Then, 111 : 1 : : 105.4 : 0.949, the specific gravity of the wax. 

It sometimes happens that the solid substance, the specific gravity of which 
is to be determined, is in powder, or in several small particles. In such 
cases, it is found convenient to proceed as in the following method of taking 
the specific gravity of calomel : — 

100 grains of calomel are introduced into a specific gravity bottle, which 
holds 1000 grains of distilled water ; the bottle is filled up with water, and 
the weight of the contents is found to be 1083.7 grains ; deducting the weight 
of the calomel (100 grains) from this, the remainder (983.7 grains) will be 
the weight of the water in the bottle, and the difference (16.3 grains) between 
this and 1000 grains, the weight of the whole contents of the bottle when 
filled with distilled water, is the weight of a volume of water equal to the 
volume of the calomel. 

Then, 16.3 : 1 : : 100 : 6.03, the specific gravity of the calomel. 

In taking the specific gravity of substances soluble in water, other modifi- 
cations of the process are required. Sometimes the substance may be covered 
with a thin coating of varnish, so as to protect it from the action of the water. 
This method answers very well for blue pill, which may be brushed over with 
a strong tincture of mastic, and then proceeded with as in the case of the 
lead. In other instances, however, it is necessary to pursue a different course. 
Thus, any powder that is soluble in water must have its specific gravity taken, 
in the first instance, with reference to some liquid in which it is not soluble. 
Spirit of wine, oil of turpentine, or olive oil, may be used in such cases. The 
process may be illustrated by describing the method of taking the specific 
gravity of guano in oil of turpentine. 

In the first place, the specific gravity of the oil of turpentine is ascertained 
to be 0.874. Then 100 grains of guano are introduced into a specific gravity 
bottle, as in the case of the calomel ; and the bottle being filled up with oil 
of turpentine, the weight of the contents is found to be 922.7 grains, from 
which deducting 100 grains, the remainder (822.7 grains) will represent the 
oil not displaced by the guano ; and this, deducted from 874 grains, the quan- 
tity of oil the bottle is capable of holding, leaves 51.3 grains as the weight of 
a volume of oil of turpentine equal to that of the guano. Now, 874 : 51.3 
: : 1000 : 58.7, the weight of a volume of water equal to that of the guano. 

Then, 58.7 : 1 : : 100 : 1.7, the specific gravity of the guano. 

The methods by which the specific gravities of liquids are usually deter- 
mined may be divided into two classes : — 

1st. Those which consist in filling any suitable vessel with the liquid to be 
estimated, ascertaining the weight of the contents, and dividing this by the 
weight of the same volume of water. 

2d. Those which consist in displacing a portion of the liquid by some solid 
body floating in it, and estimating the specific gravity according to the weight 
and volume of the substance immersed, as compared with its immersion in 
water. 

In the first case, the instruments employed are a specific gravity bottle 
and an ordinary balance. 

In the second ease, the instruments used may be comprehended under the 
general terms of hydrometers or aerometers. These, however, are distin- 
guished from each other (for there are many varieties of them) b} r different 
aames, according to the particular purpose for which they are respectively 
intended, or from some peculiarity in their construction. 






INTRODUCTION. 33 

The specific gravity bottle affords the most accurate means of determining 
the comparative densities of liquids. It consists, usually, of a globular bot- 
tle with a flat bottom and a slender neck, which holds exactly 1000 grains of 
distilled water at a certain fixed temperature. It is very easy at any time to 
test the accuracy of one of these bottles by a single experiment ; and, having 
ascertained that the bottle is correctly adjusted with regard to distilled water, 
the indications afforded with any other liquid will be equally trustworthy. 
The weight in grains of the quantity of any liquid filling such bottle will in- 
dicate its specific gravity. 

Hydrometers, or aerometers, are floating instruments, and their application 
for the purpose of determining the specific gravities of liquids depends upon 
the fact, that a body immersed in any liquid sustains a pressure from below 
upwards equal to the weight of the volume of the liquid displaced by such 
body. 

The use of hydrometers for determining the specific gravities of liquids 
has been traced back to a period about 300 years before Christ; an instru- 
ment of this kind beiug described as the invention of Archimedes, the Sicilian 
mathematician. It subsequently fell into disuse, but was again brought into 
notice by Basil Valentine. 

There are two kinds of hydrometers, which may be taken as the t} T pes of 
all the different varieties in regard to construction: — 

1st. Those which are always immersed in the liquids to be tried, to the 
same depth, and to which weights are added to adjust the instrument to the 
density of any particular liquid. Of this description are Fahrenheit's, Nichol- 
son's, and Guyton de Morveau's hydrometers. 

2d. Those which are always used with the same weight, but which sink 
into the liquids to be tried to different depths, according to the densities of 
the liquids. These usually have graduated scales attached to their stems. 
Of this description are the common glass hydrometers, generally including 
those of Baume, Cartier, Gay Lussac, Twaddle, Zanetti, &c, and the specific 
gravity beads. 

Sikes's and Dicas's hydrometers combine the principles of both types, 
having movable weights and graduated scales. 

Hydrometers may also be divided into two classes, as follows : — 

First. Those having a general application, for determining the comparative 
densities of any liquids. 

Second. Those intended for special application ; as for estimating the com- 
parative strength of spirits, or the comparative densities of syrups, oils, etc. 

Fahrenheit's, Nicholson's, Guyton de Morveau's, and the common glass 
hydrometers, including Baume's, Cartier's, Zanetti's, and the specific gravity 
beads, belong to' the first class. 

Gay Lussac's, Sike's, and Dicas's hydrometers, the saccharometer, urino- 
meter, and elaeometer, belong to the second class. 

Fahrenheit's hydrometer consists of two glass bulbs blown in a glass 
tube, like a common hydrometer, excepting that the upper bulb is larger, 
and the stem, which is small, is terminated at the top in a cup or funnel. It 
has a mark on the middle of the stem, indicating the point at which the 
instrument is to be made to float, by means of weights put into the cup. 

Nicholson's hydrometer is a modification of Fahrenheit's. It is made of 
brass, and consists of a hollow globe, to which is fixed a slender stem sur- 
mounted by a cup ; on the opposite side of the globe is another cup fixed 
in a kind of stirrup, and loaded, so that this may always form the lowest 
point of the instrument when immersed in any liquid. There is a mark on 
the middle of the upper stem, indicating the point at which the instrument 
is to be made to float. A certain weight is introduced into the cup, to cause 
the instrument to sink to the proper mark in distilled water. On immersing 
3 



34 



INTRODUCTION. 



Fig.l. 



the hydrometer into any other liquid, more or less weight will have to be 
put into the cup, according as such liquid is more or less deuse than water. 
Thus the relative densities of liquids are determined. 

This instrument is also applicable for taking the specific gravities of solids. 
If the solid substances be put into the cup, as part of the weight required to 
sink the hydrometer in distilled water, the weight of the substance in air is 
ascertained ; and if it be then put into the lower cup, immersed in water, and 
the instrument again adjusted, its weight in water is ascertained; and from 
these its specific gravity is calculated. 

Guyton de 3Iorveau J s hydrometer is similar to Fahrenheit's. 
Baum&s hydrometers are used extensively in this country, as well as in 
France, and are applicable for all kinds of liquids. There are two distinct 
instruments : one for liquids lighter than water, and the other for liquids 
heavier than water. The latter is, for distinction, called the acidometer 
or saccharometer (pese-acide or pese-sirop) ; the former, the spirit hydro- 
meter (pese-e sprit). 

Baum&s acidometer is made in the form of the common hydrometers. It 
consists of a glass tube terminated at the lower end by two bulbs, the lowest 
bulb being much smaller than the other, and intended to contain 
the ballast with which the instrument is loaded. The scale is 
marked on a slip of paper, or of ivory fixed in the tube, and is 
adjusted in the following manner : The top of the tube being open, 
the slip of paper on which the scale is to be marked is put into the 
stem, and the instrument is then immersed in pure distilled water ; 
quicksilver is now dropped into the lower ball until the instrument 
sinks so low in the water that only the top of the stem remains 
above the surface, and a mark is made on the glass denoting ex- 
actl} r the point to which it sinks. The instrument is now taken out 
of the pure water and put into a solution of fifteen parts of com- 
mon salt in eighty-five parts of distilled water, this solution being 
at the same temperature as the water in which the instrument was 
previously immersed ; the point to which it sinks in this solution 
is to be marked on the stem as before, and the distance between the 
two marks being taken with a pair of compasses, and transferred 
to the slip of paper, the first is made the zero or 0, and the other 
the 15th degree of the scale. This distance being divided into fifteen equal 
parts or divisions, each division is called a degree, and the scale is com- 
pleted by adding as many more degrees as the length of the stem will admit 
of. This being done, the slip of paper is again introduced into its place, 
and so fixed that the zero (0) of the scale shall be exactly opposite the first 
mark made on the glass. The end of the stem is now sealed with the flame 
of a blowpipe. 

Baume'8 spirit hydrometer is similar in form to the acidometer; but the 
weight of the instrument, and the scale, are different. In this case, the 
hydrometer is first immersed, as before, in pure distilled water; but it is 
made to float, so that the greater part of the stem shall be above the surface 
of the water. This point is marked, and the instrument is then transferred 
to a solution of ten parts of common salt in ninety parts of water, when 
another mark is made. The distance between these marks is made ten de- 
grees of the scale, which arc divided with the compasses, and marked on the 
slip ol* paper, as in \\n' other case ; the floating point in the solution of salt 
being made the /eio, and the degrees carried upwards from this point. 

The temperature at which these instruments were originally adjusted by 
IJaiime, was 10° I Jen iiimir, or 12.5° Centigrade; but those made in England 
are usually adjusted at G0° Fahrenheit. It is sometimes important to be 
aware of this difference. 




INTRODUCTION. 



35 



Fig. 2. 



Fig. 3. 



Cartier's hydrometer is much used in France. It is only applicable for 
liquids lighter than water. This instrument is a modification of Baumd's 
spirit hydrometer, the form of the instrument being the same, and the same 
point being taken as the zero of the scale ; but the space which, in Baume's 
scale, is divided into 32°, is in Carrier's divided into 30°. 

It is becoming the common practice in this country to have the scales of 
hydrometers marked with the specific gravities intended to be indicated, and 
this is by far the most convenient kind of hydrometer for general use. 

Twaddle's hydrometers are much used in Scotland, and occasionally in 
England. They are made of glass like the common hydrometers, and are 
sold in sets of six. Each degree on the scale is equal to 0.005 of speciflc 
gravity, so that the specific gravity of a liquid is found, with these hydro- 
meters, bv multiplying the number of degrees indicated, by 5, and adding 
1000. Thus, 10° by Twaddle's hydrometer, X 5 + 1000 = 1.050 specific 
gravity. 

ZanettVs hydrometers, which are made at Manchester, are also sold in sets 
of six. With these the specific gravity 
is got by adding a cipher to the number 
of degrees indicated. 

Specific gravity beads (Fig. 2), some- 
times called LovVs beads, are hollow 
sealed globes of glass, about the size of 
small pistol bullets. Each bead is a 
small hydrometer, intended to indicate 
one fixed density, by its remaining half 
way between the top and the bottom of 
the liquid into which it is introduced. 
These beads are sold in sets, each one 
being marked with the specific gravity it 
is to indicate at a certain, fixed tempera- 
ture. They are very useful in making 
mixtures of any required densities, as, 
for instance, in making test acids. 

Gay Lussac's alcoometre (Fig. 3) is 
frequently employed in France ; it is 
adapted only for estimating the strength 
of spirits. The instrument is made like 
a common glass hydrometer, the scale of 
which is divided into 100 parts or de- 
grees. The lowest division marked 0, 
at the bottom of the scale, denotes the 
specific gravity of pure water at a tem- 
perature of 15° Cent. ; and the highest 
division, at the top of the scale, the spe- 
cific gravity of absolute alcohol at the 
same temperature. The intermediate 
degrees indicate the number of volumes of absolute alcohol in 100 volumes 
of the spirit tried. The instrument is accompanied by a table for correcting 
the numbers marked on the scale, when it is used at any other temperature 
than that of 15° Cent. 

Sikes's hydrometer is used exclusively in the collection of the spirit reve- 
nue. It consists of a spherical ball or float, and an upper and a lower stem 
made of brass (a b c, Fig. 4) ; the upper stem (6) has ten principal divisions, 
numbered 1,2,3, etc., which are each subdivided into five parts ; the lower 
stem (c) is made conical, and has a pear-shaped loaded bulb at its lower ex- 
tremity. There are nine movable weights (b, Fig. 5), having the form of 




Specific Gravity Bead. 



Gay Lussac's 
Alcoometre. 



36 



INTKODUCTION. 



Fig. 4 



circular disks, and numbered 10, 20, 30, and so on to 
90. Each of the circular weights is cut into its centre, 
so that it can be placed on the inferior conical stem 

Fig. 5. 





Sikes's Hydrometer. 



Sikes's Hydrometer. 

and slid down to the bulb ; but, in consequence of the 
enlargement of the cone, they cannot slip off at the 
bottom, but must be drawn up to the thin part for this 
purpose. The instrument is adjusted to strong spirit, 
specific gravity .825, at 60° F., this being reckoned as 
standard alcohol. In this spirit the instrument floats 
at the first division, 0, or zero, without a weight. In 
weaker spirit, having a greater den sky, the hydro- 
meter will not sink so low ; and, if the density be 
much greater, it will be necessary to add one of the 
weights to cause the entire immersion of the bulb of the instrument. Each 
weight represents as many principal divisions of the stem as its number in- 
dicates : thus, the heaviest weight, marked 90, is equivalent to 90 divisions 
of the stem, and the instrument with this weight added floats at in dis- 
tilled water. As each principal division on the stem is divided into five, the 
instrument has a range of 500 degrees between standard alcohol, specific 
gravity .825, and water. In using this instrument, it is immersed in the 
spirit, and pressed down by the hand to 0, till the whole divided part of the 
stem be wet. The force of the hand required to sink it will be a guide in 
selecting the proper weight. Having taken one of the circular weights, 
which is necessary for this purpose, it is slipped on the conical stem. The 
instrument is again immersed, and pressed down as before to 0, and is then 
allowed to rise and settle at any point of the scale. The eye is then brought 
to the level of the surface of the spirit, and the part of the stem cut by the 
sin lace, as seen from below, is marked. The number thus indicated by the 
stein is added to the number of the weight employed, and with this sum at 
the side, and the temperature of the spirits at the top, the strength per cent. 
is found in a table which accompanies the hydrometer. The strength is ex- 
pressed in numbers denoting the excess or deficiency per cent, of proof spirit 
in any sample; and the number itself, having its decimal point removed two 
places to the left, becomes a factor, whereby the gauged contents of a cask 
01 vessel of such spirit being multiplied, and the product being added to the 
gauged contents if over proof, or deducted from it if under proof, the result 
will be the actual quantity of proof spirit contained in such cask or vessel. 
Dicas 1 * hydrometer is similar in construction to Sikes's; and it is used in 



INTRODUCTION' 



37 



a similar manner, with the same result, indicating the relation of the spirit 
tried to standard proof spirit. 

It is the practice in commerce to designate the strength of spirit as so 
many degrees above or below proof, the government having fixed upon what 
is called proof spirit as the standard, in comparison with which, the strength 
of all spirit shall be estimated. The term proof is said to have been de- 
rived from the ancient practice of tiying the strength of spirit by pouring 
it over gunpowder in a cup, and then setting fire to the spirit ; if, when the 
spirit had burned away, the gunpowder exploded, the spirit was said to be 
over proof; if, on the other hand, the gunpowder failed to ignite, in con- 
sequence of the water left from the spirit, it was said to be under proof 
The weakest spirit capable of firing gunpowder in this way was called proof 
spirit ; but it requires a spirit nearly of the strength of what is now called 
rectified spirit to stand this test. The standard proof spirit of the Excise 
is defined by law (56 Geo. III. cap. 140) to be "that which, at a temperature 



Fig. 6, 



Fig. 7. Fig. 8. 



24 
go 




Fig. 9. Fig. 10. 

Q 




Saccharometer. 



TJrinometer. 



ElaSometer. 



of 51° by Fahrenheit's thermometer, weighs exactly twelve-thirteenth parts 
of an equal measure of distilled water." This will have a specific gravity 
of .923 at 51° Fahr., or about .920 at 60° Fahr. The standard alcohol of 
the Excise is spirit, the specific gravity of which is .825 at 60° Fahr. By 



38 



INTRODUCTION" 



" spirit 60 degrees over proof," is understood a spirit, 100 measures of 
which, added to 60 measures of water, will form standard proof spirit, sp. 
gr. 920. By " spirit 10 degrees under proof," is understood a spirit, 100 
measures of which, mixed with 10 measures of standard alcohol, sp. gr. .825, 
will form standard proof spirit. 

Saccharometers (Fig. 6), which are hydrometers intended for determining 
the density of syrups, are usually made and graduated in the same manner 
as Baume's acidometers, and differ only from these in being made smaller ; 
but the scale is sometimes graduated to indicate the proportion of sugar in 
the solution. 

The urinometer is a small hydrometer, originally suggested by Dr. Prout, 
for estimating the density of urine. The scale (Fig. 7) is divided into 60 
degrees, the zero being the point at which it floats in distilled water. The 
numbers on the scale, added to 1000, the assumed sp. gr. of water, give the 
specific gravities at the respective points ; thus, supposing the number cut by 
the surface of the liquid to be 30, this indicates a sp. gr. 1030. The letters 
H. S., on the back of the scale (Fig. 8), signify healthy standard, which ranges 
from 10° to 20° of the scale. 

The elaeometer (Figs. 9, 10) is a very delicate glass hydrometer, intended 
for testing the purity of olive oil or oil of almonds, by determining their 
densities. The or zero of the scale is the point at which the instrument 
floats in oil of poppy seeds. The point at which it floats in pure olive oil is 
made the 50th degree, and the space between these two points is divided into 
50 equal parts, and numbered accordingly. It floats at 38 or 38^° in pure 
oil of almonds. 

The following tables have been drawn up for the purpose of showing the 
relations between the indications afforded by some of the foregoing instru- 
ments : — 



Relation between Specific Gravities, and Degrees of Baum&s Hydrometer 
for Liquids heavier than Water. 



Sp.gr. Baum€. 


Sp. gr. Baum6. 


Sp. gr. Baume. 


Sp. gr. Baum6. 


Sp.gr. Baum6. 


1.000 = 


= 


1.116 = 


=15 


1.264 = 


= 30 


1.454 = 


= 45 


1.714 = 


= 60 


LOOT 


1 


1.125 


16 


1.275 


31 


1.470 


46 


1.736 


61 


1.014 


2 


1.134 


17 


1.286 


32 


1.485 


47 


1.758 


62 


1.022 


3 


1.143 


18 


1.298 


33 


1.501 


48 


1.779 


63 


1.029 


4 


1.152 


19 


1.309 


34 


1.526 


49 


1.801 


64 


1.036 


5 


1.161 


20 


1.321 


35 


1.532 


50 


1.823 


65 


1.044 


6 


i-m 


21 


1.334 


36 


1.549 


51 


1.847 


66 


1.052 


7 


1.180 


22 


1.346 


37 


1.566 


52 


1.872 


67 


1.060 


8 


1.190 


23 


1.359 


38 


1.583 


53 


1.897 


68 


1.061 


9 


1.199 


24 


1.372 


39 


1.601 


54 


1.921 


69 


1.075 


10 


1.210 


25 


1.384 


40 


1.618 


55 


1.946 


70 


1.083 


11 


1.221 


26 


1.398 


41 


1.637 


56 


1.974 


71 


L.091 


12 


1.231 


27 


1.412 


42 


1.656 


57 


2.002 


72 


1.100 


13 


1.242 


28 


1.426 


43 


1.676 


58 


2.031 


73 


1.108 


14 


1.252 


29 


1.440 


44 


1.695 


59 


2.059 

2.087 


74 
75 



INTRODUCTION", 



39 



Relation between Specific Gravities, and Degrees of Baume 1 s Hydrometer 
for Liquids lighter than Water. 



Sp. gr. Baume. 


Sp. gr. Baume. 


Sp. gr. Baurne\ 


Sp. gr. Baum6. 


Sp.gr. Baum6. 


1.000 = 


= 10 


0.934 = 


= 20 


0.815 = 


= 30 


0.823 = 


= 40 


0.111 = 50 


0.993 


11 


0.921 


21 


0.869 


31 


0.819 


41 


0.113 51 


0.986 


12 


0.921 


22 


0.864 


32 


0.814 


42 


0.169 52 


0.919 


13 


0.915 


23 


0.859 


33 


0.809 


43 


0.165 53 


0.912 


14 


0.909 


24 


0.853 


34 


0.805 


44 


0.160 54 


0.966 


15 


0.903 


25 


0.848 


35 


0.800 


45 


0.156 55 


0.959 


16 


0.891 


26 


0.843 


36 


0.196 


46 


. 0.152 56 


0.953 


11 


0.892 


21 


0.838 


31 


0.191 


41 


0.148 51 


0.946 


18 


0.886 


28 


0.833 


38 


0.181 


48 


0.144 58 


0.940 


19 


0.880 


29 


0.828 


39 


0.182 


49 


0.139 59 
0.135 60 



Temperatures to be Observed in certain Pharmaceutical Operations. 

In the fermentation of saccharine solutions, the highest temperature should 
not exceed 86° (Thomson). 

The lowest temperature at which they will ferment is 38° (Thomson). 

The process of acetous fermentation is best conducted at a temperature of 
about 86°. 

The temperature requisite to coagulate albumen varies with the state of 
dilution. If the quantity of albumen be so great that the liquid has a slimy 
aspect, a heat of 145° or 150° suffices, but in a very dilute condition boiling 
is required (Fownes). 

In the British and U. S. Pharmacopoeias — 

When a boiling heat is directed, a temperature is meant of 212° Fahr. 

When a gentle heat is directed, a temperature is meant of from 90° to 
100°. 

All the specific gravities of substances are to be taken at a temperature 
of 60°. 

A water bath is that by which any substance contained in a proper vessel 
is exposed either to hot water, or the vapor of boiling water, so that the sub- 
stance may thus be subjected to a heat near to, but necessarily below 212.° 

In the steam-bath the vapor of water at a temperature above 212°, but not 
exceeding 230°, is similarly applied. 

A sand-bath is made of sand, to be gradually heated, in which anything is 
placed contained in a proper vessel. 

Vegetables, shortly after they have been gathered, those excepted which 
ought to be fresh, are to be lightly strewed, and dried as quickly as possible 
with a gentle heat (90° to 100°). They are to be kept afterwards in proper 
vessels, excluded from the access of light and moisture. 



40 



INTRODUCTION. 



HYDROMETRICAL EQUIVALENTS. 





100 parts contain of 


1000 parts 








Per cent, ol 


Sp.gr. at 
60° Fah. 


Alcohol 




contain of 








Alcohol, 


sp. gr. 


Water. 


standard 


Sikes. 


Baume. 


Cartier. 


sp. gr. 796 




796. 




Ale. sp. gr. 








by volume. 




By weight. 


825. 








GayLussac. 


796 


100 









46.5 


43.48 


100 


797 


99.5 


.5 










99.75 


798 


99 


1 






46 


43.06 


99.50 


799 


98.67 


1.33 










99.25 


800 


98.33 


1.67 










99 


801 


98 


2 










98.75 


802 


97.67 


2.33 






45 


42.14 


98.50 


803 


97.33 


2.67 








42 


98.28 


804 


97 


3 










98.15 


805 


96.67 


3.33 










98 


806 


96.33 


3.67 










97.80 


806.5 


96.17 


3.83 






44 


41.22 


97.70 


807 


96 


4 










97.60 


808 


95.5 


4.5 








41 


97.40 


809 


95 


5 










97.29 


809.5 


94.89 


5.10 










97.10 


810 


94.67 


5.33 










97 


811 


94 33 


5.67 






43 


40.34 


96.75 


812 


94 


6 










96.50 


813 


93.67 


6.33 








40 


96.25 


814 


93.33 


6.67 










96 


815 


93 


7 










95.75 


816 


92.5 


7.5 






42 


39.40 


95.50 


817 


92 


8 










95.25 


818 


91.67 


8.33 










95 


818.6 


91.5 


8.5 








39 


94.90 


819 


91.33 


8.67 










94.75 


820 


91 


9 










94.50 


821 


91.5 


9.5 






41 


38.46 


94.25 


822 


90 


10 










94 


823 


89.67 


10.33 








38 


93.75 


824 


89.33 


10.67 










93.50 


825 


89 


11 


1000 


63 O.P. 


40 


37.55 


93.25 


826 


88.5 


11.5 


993 


62 






93 


827 


88 


12 


988.5 


61.5 




37 


92.6 


828 


87.67 


12.33 


984 


61 


39.5 




92.3 


829 


87.33 


12.67 


979.5 


60.5 


39 


36.63 


91 


830 


87 


13 


975 


60 






91.7 


831 


86.5 


13.5 


970.5 


59.5 


38.5 


36.17 


91.35 


832 


86 


14 


966 


59 




36 


91 


833 


85.67 


14.33 


961.5 


58.3 






90.65 


834 


85.33 


14.67 


957 


58 


38 


35.72 


90.3 


835 


85 


15 


953 


57.5 






90 


836 


84.67 


15.33 


949 


57 


37.5 


35.26 


89.7 


837 


84.33 


15.67 


944.5 


56.5 






89.35 


837.6 


84.25 


15.75 


942.5 


56.3 




35 


89.20 


838 


84 


16 


940 


56 






89 


839 


83.5 


16.5 


936 


55.5 


37 


34.80 


88.75 


840 


83 


17 


932 


55 






88.5 







INTRODUCTION. 






41 




100 parts ( 


:ontain of 


1000 parts 








Per cent, of 


Sp. gr. at 


Alcohol 


| 


contain of 








Alcohol, 


60° Fah. 


sp. gr. 
796. 


Water. 


standard 
Ale. sp. gr. 


Sikes. 


Baume\ 


Cartier. 


sp. gr. 796 
by volume. 




By weight. 


825. 




36.5 




GrayLussac. 


841 


82.67 


17.33 


928 


54.5 0. P. 




88.25 


842 


82.33 


17.67 


924 


54 




34.94 


88 


843 


82 


18 


920 


53.5 




34 


87.65 


844 


81.67 


18.33 


916 


53 


36 


33.88 


87.3 


845 


81.33 


18.67 


912 


52.5 






87 


846 


81 


19 


908 


52 






86.7 


847 


80.5 


19.5 


903 


51 


35.5 


33.42 


86.35 


848 


80 


20 


898 


50 






86 


849 


79.67 


20.33 


893 


49.5 






85.65 


850 


79.33 


20.67 


888 


49 


35 


33 


85.3 


851 


79 


21 


883 


48.5 






85 


852 


78.5 


21.5 


878 


48 


34.5 


32.43 


84.7 


853 


78 


22 


873- 


47.5 






84.35 


854 


77.5 


22.5 


868 


47 






84 


855 


77 


23 


862.5 


46.5 


34 


32.04 


83.65 


856 


76.5 


23.5 


857 


46 






83.3 


857 


76 


24 


853 


45.5 


33.5 


31.58 


83 


858 


75.67 


24.33 


849 


45.25 






82.7 


859 


75.33 


24.67 


844.5 


45 






82.35 


860 


75 


25 


840 


44.75 


33 


31.13 


82 


861 


74.67 


25.33 


836.5 


44.5 




31 


81.7 


862 


74.33 


25.67 


833 


44 






81.3 


862.5 


74.16 


25.84 


830.5 


43.75 


32.5 


30.76 


80 


863 


74 


26 


828 


43.5 






80.8 


864 


73.5 


26.5 


823 


43 






80.3 


865 


73 


27 


818 


42.5 


32 


30.21 


79.95 


866 


72.5 


27.5 


813 


42 






79.6 


867 


72 


28 


810 


41 






79.3 


867.5 


71.83 


28.17 


808.5 


40.5 


31.5 


29.78 


79.15 


868 


71.67 


28.33 


807 


40 






79 


869 


71.33 


28.67 


802.5 


39.5 






78.65 


870 


71 


29 


798 


39 


31 


29.29 


78.3 


871 


70.5 


29.5 


792.5 


38.5 






78 


872 


70 


30 


787 


38 




29 


77.7 


873 


69,5 


30.5 


781.5 


37 


30.5 


28.83 


77.35 


874 


69 


31 


776 


36 






77 


875 


68.67 


31.33 


772 


35 






76.5 


876 


68.33 


31.67 


768 


34 


30 


28.38 


76 


877 


68 


32 


762.5 


33 






75.65 


877.5 


67.75 


32.25 


759.25 


32.5 




28 


75.5 


878 


67.5 


32.5 


757 


32 






75.3 


878.5 


67.25 


32.75 


753.75 


31.5 


29.5 


27.91 


75 


879 


67 


33 


751.5 


31 






74.8 


880 


66.5 


33.5 


746 


30 






74.3 


881 


66 


34 


742 


29.5 


29 


27.44 


74 


882 


65.5 


34.5 


738 


29 






73.7 


883 


65 


35 


733.5 


28.5 




27 


73.35 


883.5 


64.83 


35.17 


731.25 


28.25 


28.5 


26.99 


73.17 


884 


64.67 


35.33 


729 


28 






73 


885 


64.33 


35.67 


724 


27.5 






72.5 


886 


64 


36 


719 


27 


28 


26.53 


72 



42 



INTRODUCTION. 



Sp. gr. at 
60 J Fan. 


100 parts contain of 
Alcohol 1 
sp. gr. Water. 
796 1 
By weight. 


1000 parts 

contain of 

standard 

Ale. sp.gr. 

825. 


Sikes. 


Baume. 


Cartier. 


Per cent, oi 
Alcohol, 
sp. gr. 796 

by volume. 

GayLussac. 


887 


63.67 


36.33 


714 


26 O. P. 






71.5 


888 


63.33 


36.67 


709 


25 






71 


889 


63 


37 


704 


24.5 


27.5 


26.07 


70.65 


890 


62.5 


37.5 


699 


24 






70.3 


891 


62 


38 


694 


23 






69.8 


892 


61.5 


38.5 


689 


22 


27 


25.61 


69.3 


893 


61 


39 


684.5 


21 






69 


894 


60.67 


39.33 


680 


20 






68.7 


895 


60.33 


39.67 


675.5 


19.5 






68.35 


895.5 


60.16 


39.84 


673.25 


19.25 


26.5 


25.15 


68.17 


896 


60 


40 


671 


19 




25 


68 


897 


59.5 


40.5 


666.5 


18 






67.65 


898 


59 


41 


662 


17 


26 


24.69 


67.3 


899 


58.5 


41.5 


655.5 


16 






67 


900 


58 


42 


649 


15 






66.7 


900-5 


57.75 


42.25 


647 


14.75 


25.5 


24.23 


66.52 


901 


57.5 


42.5 


645 


14.5 






66.35 


901-5 


57.25 


42.75 


643 


14.25 




24 


66.17 


902 


57 


43 


641 


14 






66 


903 


56.5 • 


43.5 


636 


13 


25 


23.77 


65.5 


904 


56 


44 


631 


12 






65 


905 


55.5 


44.5 


626 


11.5 






64.5 


906 


55 


45 


621 


11 


24.5 


23.31 


64 


907 


54.5 


45.5 


616.5 


10.5 






63.65 


908 


54 


46 


612 


10 




23 


63.3 


909 


53.5 


46.5 


607 


9 


24 


22.85 


62.65 


910 


53 


47 


602 


8 






62.3 


911 


52.5 


47.5 


595.5 


7.5 






61.9 


912 


52 


48 


591 


7 


23.5 


22.39 


61.5 


913 


51.67 


48.33 


586 


6 






61 


914 


51.33 


48.67 


581 


5 






60.5 


915 


51 


49 


576 


4 


23 


21.94 


60 


916 


50.5 


49.5 


571 


3 






59.6 


917 


50 


50 


560.5 


2 






59.3 


918 


49.67 


50.33 


562 


1 


22.5 


21.48 


59 


919 


49.33 


50.67 


554 


.5 






58.5 


920 


49 


51 


550 


Proof 






58 


921 


48.5 


51.5 


545 


1 U.P. 


22 


21.02 


57.5 


922 


48 


52 


540 


2 






57 


923 


47.5 


52.5 


535.5 


3 


21.5 


20.56 


56.5 ! 


924 


47 


53 


531 


4 






56 


925 


46.5 


53.5 


526 


5 






55.5 


926 


46 


54 


521 


6 


21 


20.10 


55 


927 


45.5 


54.5 


515.5 


6.5 






54.5 


928 


45 


55 


510 


7 






54 


929 


44.5 


55.5 


505 


8 






53.5 


929.5 


44.25 


55.75 


502.5 


8.5 


20.5 


19.64 


53.25 


930 


44 


56 


500 


9 






53 


93] 


43.67 


56.33 


495.5 


10 






52.5 


932 


43.33 


56.67 


4S9 


11 






52 


933 


43 


57 


484 


12 


20 


19.18 


51.5 







INTRODUCTION" 






43 




100 parts contain of 


1000 parts 








Per cent, of 


Sp. gr. at 


Alcohol 




contain of 








Alcohol, 


bO 3 Fah. 


sp gr. 
796. 


Water. 


standard 
Ale. sp. gr. 


Sikes. 


Baume\ 


C artier. 


sp. gr. 796 
by volume. 




By weight. 


825. 








GayLussac. 


934 


42.5 


57.5 


479 


13 O. P. 




19 


51 


935 


42 


58 


472.5 


14 






50.5 


936 


41.5 


58.5 


468 


15 


19.5 


18.72 


50 


937 


41 


59 


462 


16 






49.5 


938 


40.5 


59.5 


456 


17 






49 


939 


40 


60 


450 


18 


19 


18,26 


48.5 


940 


39.5 


60.5 


444 


19 






48 


940.5 


39.25 


60.75 


441 


19.5 




18 


47.63 


941 


39 


61 


438 


20 






47.25 


942 


38.5 


61.5 


432 


21 


18.5 


17.80 


46.5 


943 


38 


62 


426.5 


22 






46 


944 


37.5 


62.5 


421 


23 






45.5 


945 


37 


63 


416 


23.5 


18 


17.35 


44.75 


946 


36.5 


63.5 


411 


24 






44 


941 


36 


64 


399 


25 




17 


43.5 


948 


35.5 


64.5 


397 


26 


17.5 


16.89 


43 


949 


35 


65 


389.5 


27 






42.25 


950 


34.5 


65.5 


382 


28 






41.5 


951 


34 


66 


376 


29.5 


17 


16.43 


40 


952 


33.5 


66.5 


370 


31 






40.5 


953 


33 


67 


364 


32.5 






39.75 


954 


32.5 


67.5 


358 


34 






39 


955 


32 


68 


352 


35 


16.5 


16.3 


38.5 


956 


31.5 


68.5 


346 


36 




16 


38 


957 


31 


69 


339.5 


37.5 






37.25 


958 


30 


70 


333 


39 






36.5 


959 


29.5 


70.5 


324 


40.5 


16 


15.51 


35.75 


960 


29 


71 


315 


42 






35 


961 


28.5 


71.5 


307.5 


43.5 






34.5 


962 


28 


72 


300 


45 


15.5 


15 


34 


963 


27 


73 


292.5 


46.5 






33 


964 


26.5 


73.5 


285 


48 






32 


965 


26 


74 


277.5 


49.5 


15 


14.59 


31 


966 


25.5 


74.5 


270 


51 






30 


961 


25 


75 


261.5 


52.5 






29 


968 


24 


76 


253 


54 






28 


968.5 


23.75 


76.25 






14.5 


14.13 


27.5 


969 


23.5 


76.5 


244.5 


55.5 






27 


910 


23 


77 


236 


57 






26 


971 


22.5 


77.5 


227 


58.5 






25 


912 


22 


78 


218 


60 


14 


13.67 


24 


973 


21 


79 


209 


62 






23 


974 


20 


80 


200 


64 






22 


975 


19 


81 


195 


66 


13.5 


13.21 


21 


976 


18.5 


81.5 


190.5 


68 






20 


977 


18 


82 


183.5 


70 






19 


978 


17 


83 


175 


72 


13 


12.76 


18 


979 


16 


84 


163 


73.5 






17 


980 


15.5 


84.5 


150 


75 






16 


981 


15 


85 


143 


76 






15 


982 


14 


86 


135 


77 


12.5 


12.30 


14 



44 



INTRODUCTION. 



Sp. gr. at 
60° Fah. 


100 parts contain of 
Alcohol | 
sp. gr. "Water. 
796. I 
By weight. 


1000 parts 

contain of 

standard 

Ale. sp. gr. 

825. 


Sikes. 


Baume. 


Cartier. 


Per cent, of 

Alcohol, 

sp. gr. 796 

by volume. 

GayLussac. 


983 


13.5 


86.5 


128 


78.5 O.P. 






13 


984 


13 


87 


120 


80 






12 


985 


12.5 


87.5 


112 


81 






11.25 


986 


12 


88 


105 


82 


12 


11.84 


10.5 


987 


11 


89 


98 


83.5 






9.75 


988 


10 


90 


90 


85 






9 


989 


9 


91 


82 


87 


11.5 


11.38 


8 


990 


8 


92 


75 


89 






7 


991 


7 


93 


67.5 


90.5 






6.5 


892 


6 


94 


60 


92 






6 


993 


5.5 


94.5 


52.5 


93.5 


11 


10.92 


5 


984 


5 


95 


45 


95 






4 


995 


4 


96 


37.5 


95.5 






3.5 


996 


3.5 


96.5 


30 


96 


10.5 


10.46 


3 


997 


3 


97 


22.5 


97 






2 


998 


2 


98 


15 


98 






1 


999 


1 


99 


7.5 


99 






.5 


1000 





100 





100 


10 


10 






SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF SOME OF THE LIQUID PREPARA- 
TIONS ORDERED IN THE PHARMACOPEIAS. 

The German Pharmacopoeia directs the Specific Gravity to he taken at a temperature of 
15° C. The Paris Codex at 18° C. The British and U. S. Pharmacopoeias at 60° Fahr 

Sp. Gr. 

Acetum Brit 1.017 to 1.019 

Acidum Aceticum Brit 1.044 

U. S 1.047 

Glaciale Brit 1.065 to 1.066 

Concentratum Fr 1.075 to 1.083 

. Dilutum Brit., U. S. . . . 1.006 

Germ 1.040 

Hydrochloric um Brit., U. S. . . 1.160 

. Fr 1.18 



Purum Germ 1.124 

Dublin 1.176 

Dilutum Germ 1.060 

Brit 1.052 

U. S 1.038 

— 1 1 \<lrocyanicum Brit 0.997 

- Nitricum Fr.,Brit.,U.S. 1.420 

Purum Germ 1.185 

Dilutum Germ 1.089 

U. S 1.068 

Brit 1.101 

Dublin 1.092 



— Phosphoricum Germ 1.120 

Dilutum U. S 1.056 

Fr., Brit 1.08 



Sulphuricum Fr.,Brit.,U.S. 1.843 

- Germ 1.840 



INTRODUCTION. 45 

Sp. G-r. 

Acidum Sulphuricum Dilutnm Germ 1.113 to 1.117 

. . Brit 1.094 

U. S 1.082 

^Ether U. S 0.750 

. Fr 0.720 to 0.725 

Germ 0.128 

Fortior (Purus) U. S., Brit.. . .0.720 

. Nitrosus Fr 0.947 

Alcohol 1 (rectificatus) Brit 0.838 

U. S 0.835 

-, Germ 0.832 

. Fortius U. S: 0.817 

. Dilutum U. S 0.941 

. . (tenuior) Brit 0.920 

Germ 0.892 

Aqua Destillata U.S., Fr., Brit.1.000 

Ammonia- U. S., Germ. . . 0.960 

Fr 0.92 

. (liquor) Brit 0.959 

Fortior U. S 0.900 

(liquor) Brit 0.891 

Chloroformum Germ 1.492 to 1.496 

Brit 1.49 

U. S., Fr 1.480 

Glycerina U. S 1.25 

Glycerinum Brit 1.25 

Fr 1.24 to 1.26 

Germ 1.23 to 1.25 

Liquor Ammouii Acetici Germ 1.028 to 1.032 

Fr 1.02 

Carbonici Germ 1.070 to 1.074 

Antimonii Chloridi Brit 1.47 

(Stibiichlorati) . Germ 1.340 to 1.360 



Bismuthi et Ammonise Citratis . . . .Brit 1.122 

Ferri Acetici Germ 1.134 to 1.138 

Chloridi U. S 1.355 

Perchloridi Fr 1.262 

_. Fortior Brit 1.338 



Sesquichlorati Germ 1.480 to 1.484 

Nitratis U. S 1.060 to 1.070 

Pernitratis Brit 1.107 

Subsulphatis U. S 1.552 

Persulphatis Brit 1.441 

Sulphurici Oxydati Germ 1.317 to 1.319 

Tersulphatis. IT. S 1.320 



Hydrargyri Nitratis Brit 2.246 

U. S 2.165 



Plumbi Subacetatis U. S 1.267 

■ Brit 1.26 

Fr 1.32 



Subacetici Germ 1.235 to 1.240 



1 The French Codex indicates the density of alcohol hy giving in the various formulae 
its specific gravity direct, or in degrees of Cartier's hydrometer, or in degrees of Gay- 
Lussac's alcoometer. 



46 INTRODUCTION. 

Sp. Gr. 

Liquor Potassse U. S 1.065 

Brit 1.058 

. — Fr 1.332 



Kali Caustici Germ 1.330 to 1.334 



Liquor Sodas U. S LOU 

Brit 1.047 

Fr 1.33 

Natri Caustici Germ 1.334 



Spiritus iEthereus Germ 0.812 

JStheris Brit 0.809 

Compositus U. S 0.815 

Nitrosi Brit 0.845 

Germ 0.840 to 0.85C 

U. S 0.837 

(Spiritus rectificatus and tenuior, see Alcohol.) 

Syrupus U. S 1.317 

Brit 1.330 

, (boiling) Fr 1.26 

Tinctura Ferri Perchloridi Brit 0.992 

Iodi Decolorata Germ 0.940 to 0.94£ 

RELATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT THERMOMETRY AL 

SCALES. 

The thermometer always used in this country and England is that of 
Fahrenheit. 

In this instrument, the range between the freezing and boiling points of 
water is divided into 180°, and as the greatest possible degree of cold was 
supposed to be that produced by mixing snow and salt together, it was made 
the zero. Hence, the freezing point became 32°, and the boiling point 212°. 

The Centigrade thermometer places the zero at the freezing point of water, 
and divides the range between the freezing and boiling points into 100°. 
This scale has long been used in Sweden, under the title of Celsius's 
thermometer, and has been adopted by all the European pharmacopoeias, 
except the British. 

Reaumur's thermometer, which was formerly used in France, divides the 
space between the freezing and boiling points of water into 80°, and places 
the zero at the freezing point. It is now little emplo3 T ed, except in parts 
of Germany. 

De Lisle's thermometer is used in Russia. The graduation begins at the 
boiling point, and increases towards the freezing point. The boiling point 
is marked 0°,and the freezing point 150°. 

To reduce Centigrade degrees to those of Fahrenheit. 

Rule Multiply by 9, divide the product by 5, and add 32. 

Cent. Fahr. 

Thus, 40 X 9 -j- 5 + 32 = 104. 

To reduce Fahrenheit's degrees to those of Centigrade. 
Rule. — Subtract 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9. 

Fahr. Cent. 

Thus, 104 — 32 X 5 -*-9 = 40. 

To reduce Reaumur's degrees to those of Fahrenheit. 
Rule. — Multiply by 9, divide by 4, and add 32. 

Reaumur. Fahr. 

Thus, 32 X 9 -=- 4 + 32 == 104. 



INTRODUCTION. 47 

To reduce Fahrenheit's degrees to those of Reaumur. 
Rule Subtract 32, multiply by 4, and divide by 9. 

Fahr. Reaum. 

Thus, 104 — 32 X 4 -f- 9 = 32. 

To reduce Reaumur's degrees to those of Centigrade. 
Rule. — Multiply by 5, and divide by 4. 

Reaum. Cent. 

Thus, 32 X 5 -5-4 = 40. 

To reduce Centigrade degrees to Reaumur, 
Rule. — Multiply by 4, and divide by 5. 

Cent. Reaum. 

Thus, 40 X 4 -f- 5 = 32. 

EXPLANATION OF THE PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS 
OCCURRING IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULAE. 

R. Recipe — Take. 

F. S. A. Fiat secundem artem — Let it be made or prepared according to 
the rules of the art. 

M. Misce — Mix. 

M. S. D. Misce, signa, da — Mix the medicine, and deliver it afterwards, 
with the requisite instruction, to the patient (or nurse) in writing. 

M. F. P. Misce fiat pulvis — Mix to form a powder. 

M. F. Mist. Misce fiat mistura — Mix to form a liquid mixture. 

M. F. Pil. Misce fiant pilulse — Mix to form pills. 

Div. Divide — Divide. 

Sol. Solve — Dissolve. 

Fasc. j. Fasciculus 1 — An armful. 

Man. j. Manipulus — A handful, a gripe. 

Pugil. j. Pugillus or Pugillum — A pinch. 

Cyat. j. Cyathus — A glassful. 

Cochl. j. Cochlear or Cochleare — A spoonful. 

Gutt. Gutta — A drop. 

No. 1, 2, 3, etc. — The number of pieces or parts. 

Ana, or aa. — Of each. 

P. Ae. Partes sequales — Equal parts. 

Q. S. Quantum sufficit — As much as will suffice. 

Q. L. Quantum libet — As much as you like. 

Q. V. Quantum volueris — As much as you like. 

B6. Libra — A pound. 

§. Uncia — An ounce. 

3- Drachma — A drachm or dram. 

►}. Scrupulus — A scruple. 

Gr. Granum— A grain. 

Pil. Pilula— A pill. 

Pot. Potio — A potion. 

Pulv. Pulvis — A powder. 

Tinct. Tinctura — A tincture. 

1 The terms fasciculus, manipulus, and pugillus are understood differently by authors, 
as seen in the following table : — 

Linnaeus. Geiger. Paris. 

Pugillus 5.1 5ss ad 5j ftj ad 3ij. 

Manipulus .....5iv 5iv |j ad ^ijsS. 

Fasciculus |vj §j. 



48 INTRODUCTION. 

Ext. Extractum — An extract. 

Chart. Chartula — A small paper. 

Collyr. Collyrium — An eye water. 

Collutor. Collutorium — A month-wash. 

Cong. Congius — A gallon. 

0. Octarius — A pint. 

f%. Fluid uncia — A fluidounce. 

f 5- Fluidrachma — A fluidrachm. 

n^. Minimum — A minim. 

Decoct. Decoctio — A decoction. 

Garg. Gargarisma — A gargle. 

Haust. Haustus — A draught. 

Infus. Infusum — An infusion. 

Mass. Massa — A mass. 

Mist. Mistura — A mixture. 

Ss. Semis — A half. 

The Latin language is used in many parts of Europe for prescriptions and 
for the accompanying directions, except in France, where, although the pre- 
scription itself may be in Latin, the directions are usually given in French, 
and in Germany, where the prescription is written in Latin, but the direc- 
tions in German ; this is also the case in the United States, where few, if 
any, physicians give the directions for the use and mode of administration 
of a formula in any other language than English. As, however, it often 
becomes of importance to refer to the prescriptions of foreign practitioners, 
the following table, from Mowbray's Conspectus, is introduced : — 

A VOCABULARY 

Of the Words most frequently occurring in the Prescriptions of Physicians. 

A. 
A, or aa, or ana, of each ingredient; more promptly expressed by the 

genitive case plural (singulorum) of each ; for instance : 
B. — Aqua; cinnamomi, tinct. rhei, aa f5ij, means 

Take of cinnamon-water, and the tincture of rhubarb, of each 
two fluidrachms. 
Abdomen, the belly. Gen. — inis, of the belly. Dat. — ini, to the belly. 
Absente febre, while the fever is off. 
Accurate (adverb), accurately. Accurate pen si, weighed with the utmost 

exactness. Accurate misceantur, mix very complete^. 
Aciditas, sharpness. Ai\ gratam aciditatem, make it just acid enough to 

be palatable, and not too sour. 
Acme, the height of a fever or any other disease. 

A(], to. A<\ dnas vices, at twice taking. Ad libitum, freely, as you like. 
Adde, add. Addantur, let there be added. Addendus, to be added. Ad- 

dendo, adding. 
Admoveatur, let there be applied — antur, plural, when more than one is to 

be applied. 
Adstante febre, while the fever is on. 
JSger, a sick person, a patient. JSgra, a female patient. 
Aggrediente febre, when the fever is coming on. 
Aggressus, an attack. Aggressus febris, the attack of a fever. 
Agitato rase, shake the phial. 
Allius, while. 

Aliquot, some. Aliquotes, sometimes. 
Alter, altera, alterum, the other. 



INTRODUCTION". 49 

Alternus, alternate. Alternis horis, every second hour. Alternis diebus, 

every alternate day. 
Aluta, leather. Extende super alutam mollem, spread on soft leather. 
Alvus, the belly, the bowels. Adstricta alvo, when costive. 
Amplus, large. Cochleare amplum, a tablespoonful. 
Ante, before. Ut ante, as before. 

Antemeridianus, in the forenoon ; any time before twelve o'clock at noon. 
Apparatus, any sort of preparation, instruments, or in short, everything that 

is requisite to be had in readiness for performing any sort of operation. 

Also, the more delicate term for a bladder and pipe for clysters. 
Aperiens, opening, gentle purging. 
Applicetur, let .there be applied. 
Aqua, water. Aquae, of water. Aqua bulliens, boiling water. Aquafervens, 

hot water. 
Armatus, armed. Fistula armata, an apparatus for clysters; a pipe and 

bladder. 
Auris, the ear. Auri, to the ear. Aures, ears. Auribus, to the ears. 
Aut, or. 

B. 

Bene, well. 

Bibat, let him drink. 

Biduum, two days. Omni biduo vel triduo, every two or three days. 

Bihorium, the space of two hours. Omni bihorio, every two hours. 

Bis, twice ; bis, terve, twice or thrice. 

Bullio, to boil ; bulliens, boiling. Aquse bullientis," of boiling water. 

Bulliant, let them boil. 

C. 

Calefaetus, made warm. 

Capiat, let (the patient) take. Capt. cochl. iij. magn., three tablespoonfuls to 

be taken. 
Catharticus, purging. 
Caute, cautiously. 

Cerevisia, beer. Cerevisia Londinensis, porter. Cerevisise Fermentum, yeast. 
Charta, paper. Charta cserulea, blue paper. Chartula, a little piece of paper. 

Cola trans chartam, filter through paper. 
Cibus, food. 

Circa, about. Circiter, about. 

Cito, soon, quickly. Citissime (the superlative degree), as quick as possible. 
Clausus, clausa, clausum, covered. Vase clauso, in a covered vessel. 
Cochleare, a spoonful. Cochlearia, spoonfuls. Coch. magnum, amplum, a 

tablespoonful. Co. infantulorum, coch. modicum, child's spoonful, a 

dessertspoonful. Co. parvum, a teaspoonful. 
Coctio, a boiling. Sub finem coctionis, towards the end of the boiling, when 

almost boiled. 
Cseruleus, blue. Charta caerul., blue paper. Unguentum cseruleum, mercu- 
rial ointment. 
Cola (imperat. of Colo), strain, to filter. 

Colatus, strained, filtered. Colato liquori, to the strained liquor. 
Colatura, a straining. Colaturse, to the strained liquor. 
Colatus, let it be strained. Colentur, let them be strained. 
Collum, a neck. 

Comp., Compositus, compound. 
Continuo, to continue. Continuantur remedia, go on with the same medicines 

as last prescribed. 
Contundo, to bruise. Contusus, bruised. 

4 



50 INTRODUCTION". 

Contusio, a bruise, a contusion. 

Coquo, to boil. Coque, boil. Coque parum, boil a little while. 

Coquantur, let them be boiled. 

Cor, the heart. Scrobiculus cordis, the pit of the stomach. 

Coxa, coxeudix, the hip. 

Cras, to-morrow; c. m., eras mane, early to-morrow morning; c. m. s., eras 

mane sumendus, to be taken early to-morrow morning. 
Crastinus (adj.), of to-morrow. In usum crastinum, for to-morrow's use. 
Cribrum, a sieve. Trans cribrum, through a sieve. 

Cujus, of which. Cujus capiat, or sumat, of which (the patient is to) take. 
Cum, with. 
Cyathus, a cup. Cyathus vinarius, a wineglass. Cyath. theat, a teacupfui. 

D. 

Da, give. Detur, dentur (plural), let be given. 

De, of. De quo, or qua, of which. De die, in a day. 

Deauratus, gilt. Deaurentur pilulse, let the pills be gilt. 

Debilitas, weakness. 

Decern, ten. Decimus, the tenth. 

Debitus, due. Ad debitam spissitudinem, to a proper degree of thickness, 
as to consistence. 

Decubitus, lying down. Hora decubitus, at bedtime. 

Deglutio, to swallow. Deglutiatur, is swallowed — etur, let be swallowed. 

Dein, deinde, then ; afterwards. 

Dejectio, a depositing, or putting down ; also a going to stool ; as, post duas 
dejectiones alvi, after two motions. 

Dejitio, to deposit. Donee alvus bis dejiciat, until the patient shall have had 
two stools. 

Dexter, the right. Manus dextra, the right hand. Auri dextro, to the right 
ear. 

Dictus, spoken of, said. 

Dies, a day. Die, in a day ; as, bis die, twice a day. Diebus, in days ; as, 
tertiis diebus, every third day. Alternis diebus, every alternate day. 

Dilutum, diluted. 

Dimidium, the half. Dimidius, a, um (adjective), half. 

D. P., Directione propria, with its proper direction. 

Diu, a long time. Tere diu, rub for a long time. 

Diuturnus, long continued. Diuturna trituratione, by long-continued rub- 
bing, or grinding in the mortar. Diuturna coctione, by long boiling. 

Dolor, pain. Dolores, pains. Doloris, of the pain. 

Dolens, pained. Parti dolenti, to the pained part. 

Donee, until. Dum, whilst. 

Durante dolore, while the pain continues. 

E. 
Eadem, eandem, the same. Eodcm, in the same. 
Effunde, pom- out. 
Effervescentia, the effervescence. 
Effervescet, effervesces. 

Ejusdem, of the same, the genitive case of idem. 
Enema, a clyster. Enemata, clysters. 
Erit, slcill be. 

Evanesco, evanui, to disappear. Evanuerit, shall have disappeared. 
Exhibe, exhibeatur, give. Exhibendus, to be given. 
Extendo, to extend, also to spread. Extende super alutam, spread it on 

leather. 
Extensus, a, um, spread. 



INTRODUCTION. 51 

F. 
Fac, make. Fac in pilulas xij, make into twelve pills. 
Farina, flour. Farina seminis lini, linseed meal. 
Febris, a fever. Febre durante, while the fever is on. 
Femur, a thigh. 
Femoribus, to the thighs. Femoribus internis, to the inner sides of the 

thighs. 
Fervens, boiling. Fervidus, fervida, hot. 

Ferventis, of boiling. B. aq. ferventis, take of boiling water. 
Finis, the conclusion. Sub finem coctionis, when almost boiled enough. 
Fiat, make (the singular number). Fiant, make (plural). 
Fontana, fountain. Aqua fontana, spring water. 
Formula, prescription. 
Fotus, a fomentation. 
Fuerit, shall have been ; as, donee alvus soluta fuerit, until a motion is (or 

shall have been) procured. 

G. 

Gargarisma, a gargle. 

Gelatina, jelly. Gelatina ribesiorum, currant jelly. Gelatina quovis, any 

sort of jelly. 
Globulus, a little ball. Globuli Gascoigni, Gascoign's ball. Donee globuli 

evanuerint, until the globules (of quicksilver) totally disappear (so 

that they cannot be seen even with a microscope). 
Gradatim, by slow degrees. 
Gratus, grata, gratum, agreeable, pleasant. Ad gratam aciditatem, so as to 

make it pleasantly acid without being too sour. In quovis grato 

vehiculo, in any agreeable vehicle. 
Gutta, a drop. Guttse, drops. Guttas, drops. 
Guttatim, drop by drop. 

H. 
Hac, this. Hac nocte, this night. Hanc, this. Sumat hanc, let him take this. 
Hactenus, hitherto, heretofore, up to the present day. 
Harum, of these. Harum pilularum sumat tres, of these pills let him or her 

take three. 
Haustus, a draught. 
Hebdomada, a week. 
Heri, yesterday. Ut heri, as yesterday. 
Hesternus, of yesterday. Hesterna nocte, last night. 
Hirudo, a leech. Hirudines, leeches. 
His, in these, to these. His adde, add to these. 
Hora, an hour. Horse, of an hour. Horse (plural) hours. 
H.S. (hora somni), at the hour of rest. 
H.S.S. (hora somni sumendus), to be taken at bedtime. Hora decubitus, at 

the hour of going to rest, bedtime. 
Hora vespertina, in the evening. 
Horse unius spatio, in the space of one hour. 
Horse ^, horse quadrante, quarter of an hour.* 
Horis intermediis, at intermediate hours, when two medicines are to be 

taken. Horis intermediis means that one is to be given exactly at 

midtime from the other : suppose a draught is ordered (to be taken 

every six hours), and a powder horis intermediis, that is every six 

hours intermediately, then a draught will be taken at six o'clock and 

at twelve, and a powder at three and at nine. 
Hujusmodi, of this sort, like these. 



52 INTRODUCTION. 

H. p. n., Haustus purgans noster, a formula of purging draught made accord- 
ing to a practitioner's own private Pharmacopoeia, and is prepared so 
as to keep a long time without spoiling, and thus avoid the trouble 
of preparing it every time a draught is wanted. Mitt. H. p. n. 3ij 
ad ij Vices c. m. s. Mitte Haustus purgantis nostri uncias duas, ad 
duas Vices eras mane sumendus ; send two ounces of our purging 
draught, to be taken to-morrow morning, at twice, that is, half at first, 
and the remaining half in an hour if the first do not operate. 

I. 

Idoneus, proper, appropriate. 

Idem, eadem, the same. Ejusdem, of the same, the genitive case of idem. 

Imponatur (sing.), let there be put on — nantur (plural). 

Imprimis, first. 

In, in. In die, in a day. 

Indies (an adverb) every day, daily. 

Indicaverit, shows, indicates. 

Infusio, infusum, an infusion. 

Infunde, infundatur, infuse. 

Inter, between. 

Injectio, injection. 

Inquietudo, restlessness. Urgente inquietudine, if restless. 

Injiciatur, throw in, throw up. Injiciatur enema, let a clyster be administered. 

Injiciendus, injiciendum, to be administered. 

Instar (an adverb), as big as. Sumat molem instar nucis moschatae, the 

bigness of a nutmeg to be taken. 
Intermedins, intermediate. 
Internus, the inner side. 

J. 
Jam, already. Jampridem, jamdudum, some time ago, heretofore. 
Jugulum, the throat. 

J usculum, broth. Jusculum ovillum, mutton broth. Jus bovinum, beef tea. 
Juxta, near to. 

L. 
Lac, milk. Lactis, of milk. Lacte, in milk. 
Lrevigatus, levigated. 
Lana, flannel. Lana nova, new flannel. 
Languor, faintness, lowness. In languoribus, in the fainting fits, when 

and faint. 
Latus, the side. Lateris, of the side. Lateri, to the side. 
Lai us -Inlciis, the pained side. Lateri dolenti, to the pained side. 
Latus, Lata Latum (adjective), broad. 
Lectus, :i bed. In lecto, in bed. 
Liber, n bopk. 

Libra, :i pound. Libris, libras, pounds. 
Linteum, lint ; also linen. 

Liquesco, to liquefy, to melt. Donee liquiescat, till it melts. 
Liquidus, liquid. Sedes liqiydae, loose stools. In quovis liquido, in any 

Liquid. 
Londinensis, of London. Pharmacopoeia Londinensis, the London Pharma- 

copoeia. 
Lnmborum, (lie loins. 
Libet (a vci I) impersonal), it pleases. Ad libitum, just as you please. 

M. 
Magnus, magna, magnum, Large. Magnum cochleare, a tablespoonful. 
Major, greater, larger. Cochlearia duo majori, two tablespoon fuls. 



i,ow 



INTRODUCTION. 53 

Maximus, the greatest. Maxima cura, with the greatest care. 

Maxime, chiefly. 

Malleolus, the ankle. Malleolus internus, the inner ankle. 

Mane, in the morning. Mane primo ; valde mane, very early in the morning. 

Manus, a hand. Manu calefacta, with a warm hand. 

Massa, a mass. Massa pilularis, a mass fit for forming into pills. 

Matutinus, in the morning or forenoon. 

Mediocris, middle-sized. Pilulae mediocres, middle-sized pills. Cochleare 

mediocre, a dessertspoonful, a pap-spoonful, or a child's spoonful. 

Mediocris also means indifferent, as to quality. 
Medius, middle. Media nocte, in the middle of the night. 
Melior, melius, better. 

Minatur, minaretur, threatens. Minante, threatening. 
Minimus, very small. Cochleare minimum, a teaspoonful. 
Minutum, 1 a minute. 

Misce, mix. Bene misceatur, let it be well mixed. 
Mite, send. 

Mittatur (singular), let it be sent. Mittantur (plural), let them be sent. 
Mittatur sanguis, take blood away ; i. e., bleed the patient. 
Mistura, mixtura, a mixture. 
Mitigatio, mitigation, alleviation. Donee dolor is mitigatio sit, until the pain 

is easier. 
Mitigatus, a, um, mitigated, lessened. 
Moclicus, middle-sized. 

Modus, a manner. Modo praescripto, in the manner directed. 
Moles, a mass, a lump, a piece. Sumat molem instar nucis moschatse, let 

him (or her) take the bigness or size of a nutmeg. 
Mollis, molle, soft. 
Molestus, troublesome. Molestor, to trouble, to be troublesome. Molestante 

dolore, when the pain is troublesome. Molestante tussi, when the 

cough is troublesome. 
Mora, delay. Sine mora, without delay. 
Mos, moris, manner. More solito, in the usual manner ; also, in the same 

manner as I am in the habit of prescribing it to other people. 
Mortarium, a mortar. Mortario aheneo, in the brass mortar. Mortario mar- 

moreo in the marble mortar. Mort. vitreo, in the glass mortar. 

N. 

Narthecium, a gallipot. 

Nates, the buttocks. 

Ne, lest, also, do not ; as, ne tradas sine nummo, do not deliver the medicine 

without the money. 
Necnon, also. 

Niger, nigra, nigrum, black. 
Ni, nisi, unless. 
Nihil, nothing. 
Nisus, an endeavor, an attempt, a straining, a motion, a straining to vomit, 

or go to stool. 
Nimis, nimium, too much. 

Nodulus, a little knot. Nodulo ligati, tied up in a piece of clean rag. 
Nomen, nominis, a name. Signetur nomine proprio, write its common name 

upon the label. 
Novem, nine. 

The word minutum, for a minute, is very barbarous Latin ; -we "believe there is no 
such word; but the right Latin for a minute, Sexagesima pars horse, is as long and as 
tiresome to write as " Semivitreous oxide of lead" for the simple word "Litharge." 



54: 



INTRODUCTION, 



Nonus, the ninth. 

Novus, nova, novum, new. 

Novissime, very latel}", the last of all. 

Nocte, at night. Koctes, nights. Nocte maneque, night and morning. 

Alternis noctibus, every second night. 
Nuper, lately. Nuperrime, very lately. 
Nucha, the nape of the neck. Nuchae, to the nape. 
N.M., Nux moschata, a nutmeg. Sumat magnitudinem nucis moschatse, take 

the bigness of a nutmeg. 

Numeri. Numbers. 



1. or j. unus, una, unum, one. 

unius, of one. 

2. ij. duo, cluae, two. 

duorum, of two. 
duobus, in two, to two. 

3. iij. tres, tria, three. 

tribus, in three, to three, 
trium, of three, 
ter, three times. 

4. iv. quatuor, four. 

quartus, a, um, fourth. 

quater, four times. 
v. quinque, five. 

quintus, Dfth. 
vj. sex, six. 



5. 



6. 



sextus, sixth. 



t. orvij. septem, seven. 

Septimus, seventh, 
septimana, or, 
*! man a, a week. 

8. viij. octo, eight. 

octavus, eighth. 

9. ix. novem, nine. 

nonus, ninth. 

10. x. decern, ten. 

decimus, tenth. 

11. xj. undecim, eleven. 

12. xij. duodecim, twelve. 
20. xx. viginti, twenty. 
24. xxiv. viginti quatuor, 

twenty-four. 



O. 



Obstante, hindering, preventing. 

Occasio, occasion, opportunity. 

Octo, eight. 

Octavus, eighth. Octava quaque hora, every eighth hour. 

Olim, some time ago. 

Olla, a pot, a gallipot. 

Omnis, all. Omni mane, every morning. Omni hora, every hour. Omni 
bihorio, every two hours. Omni nocte, every night. Omni £ hora, 
Omni quadrante horse, every quarter of an hour. Tere omnia, rub all 
together. 

Omnino, quite, wholly, entirely. 

Optime, very well, as well as possible. 

Optimus, ma, mum, best. 

Opus, need, occasion. Si opus sit, or fuerit, if it be necessary. 

Ovillum jusculum, mutton broth. 

Ovum, an egg. Yitell. ovi, the yolk of an egg. Ovorum, of eggs: 



Pannus, a rag. Pannus linteus, a linen rag. Pannus laneus, Pannus e lan&, 
s piece of flannel. 

Paroxysmus, a paroxysm, a fit, a convulsion fit. 

Pars, a part. Partes, purls. Parti dolenti, to the pained part. 

Partitus, parted. Partitie ricibus means that you are not to give a medicine 
all at once, bat divide the dose according to the directions most com- 
monly previously given ; for example, if a purging or emetic draught, 
half or a third (as the case may be) to be taken at first, and the other 
half or third at a certain distance of time, if the former quantity be 
not found sufficient to produce the desired effect. 



INTRODUCTION. 55 

Parvus, little. Cochleare parvum, a teaspoonful. 

Parum, a little. Parumper, a little. 

Pauculum, pauxillum, paululum, a little. 

Pectus, the breast. Pectoris, of the breast. 

Pediluvium, a bath for the feet. 

Per, by, or through. 

Tergo, to go on with. Pergat in usu medicinarum, continue the medicines 

as before. 
Peractus, ( completed, perfected, quite done, gone through with ; as, Peracta 
Perfectus, "[operatione emetici, after the emetic has quite done operating. 
Perfricetur, let it be rubbed. Perfricanclus, to be rubbed. 
Pensus, weighed. Accurate pensi, accurately weighed. 
Perpetuus, perpetual. Fiat perpetuum, keep it open (when it refers to a 

blister). 
Pluvialis, also pluviatilis aqua, rain-water. 
Pharmacopoeia, the dispensatory. 
Pollex, the thumb. Pollex pedis, the great toe. 

Pomericlianus, postmeridianus, in the evening or afternoon, time of the day. 
P. R. N., Pro re nata, occasionally, according as circumstances may occur, 

according as the symptoms may require. 
Poculum, a cup. 

Pomum, an apple. Pomi, of an apple. 
Pone, behind. Pondere, by weight. 

Porro, moreover. Post, after. Postea, then, afterwards. 
P. M., Post meridiem, afternoon, in the afternoon, after twelve o'clock at noon. 
Potus, drink, any kind of beverage. 
Postulet, postulent, may require, demand. 
Prsecipue, especially. 
Prseparatus, prepared. 

Prseparo, to prepare. Prseparentur, let them be prepared. 
Primus, ma, mum, the first. Primo, first of all. Primo mane, very early in 

the morning. 
Prior, prius, the former, the first. 
Priusquam, before that. 
Pro, for. Pro re nata, p. r. n., occasionally, etc. Pro ratione, according to, 

or in proportion to ; as, pro ratione aetatis, according to the age of 

the patient. 
Proprius, a, um, proper. S. N. P., Signetur nomine proprio,mark it with its 

proper direction. 
Pruritus, an itching. Pruriens, itching. Dolichos pruriens, cowhage. 
Psora, the itch. 

Pulvis, a powder. Pulveres, powders. Pulveribus, in powders. 
Purificatus, a, um, purified. 
Pyxis, pyxidis, a pill-box, or lozenge-box. 

Q. 

Quadrans, quadrantis, quadrante, quarter. Omni quadrante horse, every 

quarter of an hour. 
Quacum, with which. 

Quamprimum, as soon as possible, without the least delay. 
Quartus, a, um, the fourth. 
Quaqua, every. Qua vis (foem), with any. 

Quater, four times. Quatuor, four. Quarta pars, a fourth part. 
Quaque (at the end of any Latin word), and. 
Quern, quam, quod, which (the accusative case). 
Qui, quae, quod, which (the nominative case). 



56 INTRODUCTION. 

Quibus, to which, with which. 

Quibusdam, to or with some. Cum guttis quibusdam, with a few drops. 

Quilibet, quaelibet, quodlibet, gen. Cujuslibet, abl. Quolibet, any. 

Quiescat, goes to rest, is easier. 

Quinque, five. Quintus, a, um, the fifth. Quinquies, five times. 

Quinquina (cinchona), Peruvian bark. 

Q. S q. s., Quantum sufficiat, as much as may be sufficient. 

Quorum, quarum, of which. Quos, quas, which. Quocum, quacum, with 
which. Quo vis, with any. 

R, 

Ratio, a reason, also a proportion. Pro ratione setatis, according to the age 
of the patient. Pro ratione doloris, according to the urgency of the 
pain. 

Raucedo, hoarseness. 

Recipe, take. Recipe (taken substantively), a prescription. 

Regio, a region (an anatomical term for certain parts of the body) ; as, regio 
epigastrica, the epigastric region ; regio lumborum, the region of the 
loins ; appl. emplastr. regioni umbilicali, to the umbilical region or 
parts in the neighborhood of the navel. 

Redigo, to reduce. Redige, reduce. Redigetur, may be reduced. Redigatur, 
let it be reduced. 

Redactus, a, um, reduced. In pulv. redact., reduced to powder. 

Refrixerit — pi. int — the subjunctive future of refrigesco, to cool. 

Reliquus, a, um, the rest, the remaining part. 

Remedium, a remedy. Continuandur remeclia, go on with the same medi- 
cines as before. 

Repetatur, let be repeated, repeat. 

Repetendus, to be repeated. 

Respondeo, respondent, shall have answered. Donee alvus ad sedes ij vel 
iij respondent, until two or three stools shall have been procured. 

Ribes, currants. Gelatina ribesiorum, currant jelly. 

Ruber, rubra, rubrum, red. 

Rubus idaeus, raspberry. 

Retinendus, to be retained or kept. 



1 



S.Y.R., Spiritus vinosus rectificatus, rectified spirit of wine. 

S.V.Ten., or tenuis, proof spirit. 

Ssepe, often ; ssepius, oftener ; saepissime, very often. 

Saltern, at least. 

Sanguis, blood — inis, of blood. Sanguinis missura, blood-letting. 

Saphena vena, the ankle vein. 

Satis, enough ; quantum satis, a sufficient quantity. 

Scapula, the shoulder blade. Inter scapulas, between the shoulders. 

Scilicet, to wit, namely. 

Scrobiculus cordis, the pit of the stomach. 

SeCunduS, a, am (adjective), second. 

Secundum (preposition), according to. 

S.A., Secundum artem, according to art; that is, you are to use your own 

ingenuity to do it in the most proper and scientific way. 
^(>(\, but. 

Sedes, fl stool — plural, stools. 

Semi, or semis, half. Semihorn, half .in hour. Semi drachma, half a drachm. 

Besqui, one and a half, as sesquihora, an hour and a half. Sesquiuncia, or 

sescuncia, an ounce and a half. Sesquidrachma, a drachm and a half. 

Remember well to attend to the difference of these two words, for 



INTRODUCTION. 57 

many young men, by not knowing that sesqui means one and a half, 
but confounding it with semi, have made bad mistakes. 
Semper, alwa}'s. 
Semel, once. 
Septem, seven. 

Septimana, a week, seven days. Septimus, seventh. 
Sequens, following. 

Serum lactis, whey. In sero lactis vinoso, in wine whey. 
Serum is also the watery part of the blood which separates from the red 

part, or crassamentum, on standing until cold. 
Sex, six ; sextus, sixth. 
Si, if. Sive, or ; whether. 
Signatura, a label or direction. 
Signetur, let it be marked, directed, written upon. 
S.N. P., Signetur nomine proprio, mark it with the name it is usually 

known by. 
Simul, together ; as, terantur simul, let them be rubbed together. Simul 

ac, at the same time that. 
Sine, without. Sine mora, without delay. 
Singultus, hiccup. 

Singulus, a, um, each ; in singulus, in each ; singulorum, of each. 
Sinister, tra, trum, the left. Auri sinistro, to the left ear. 
Sitis, thirst ; si sitiat, if thirsty. 
Solitus, accustomed. 
Solus, alone ; only. 
Solutus, a, um, dissolved, also loosened ; as, donee alvus soluta fuerit, until 

a stool is procured. 
Solve, dissolve. 

Somnus, sleep. Hora somni, at bedtime. 
Spina, the spine, the backbone ; also, a thorn. 
Spissus, thick. Spissitudo, thickness of consistence. 
Statim, directly, immediately. 
Stent, let them stand. Stet, let it stand. 
Sternutatorius pulvis, sneezing powder, snuff. 
Stupa, tow. 

Sub, subter, under. Sub finem coctionis, when the boiling is almost finished. 
Sub, prefixed to a word, implies diminution, or a process not com- 
pleted ; also, in many words has the same signification as the termi- 
nation ish in English words, as sub-niger, blackish, not quite black. 
Subtepidus, lukewarm. For its meaning when applied to terms of 
chemistry, as subcarbonas, submurias, the pupil must study his 
chemical nomenclature. 
Subactus, a^ um, subdued, dissolved. 

Subitus, a, um, Subitaneus, sudden. Subito (adv.), suddenly. 
Subtepidus, a little warm, lukewarm. 
Subige, dissolve it, make it unite. Subdue quicksilver with lard or balsam 

of sulphur. 
Subinde, frequently, now and then. 
Subtilis, subtile, reduced to fine powder. Pulv. subtilissimus, the very finest 

powder. 
Sumat, let him take. Sumatur, sumantur, let it be taken, take. 
Sudor, sweat. 

Superbibo, to drink after taking anything ; as, chamomile tea or warm water 
after an emetic ; or a cup of water or any liquid medicine to wash 
down a dose of any sort of pills. 
Superinfundo, to pour upon. 



53 INTRODUCTION. 

Supra, above. Supradictus, above mentioned. 
Syncope, a tainting tit. 

T. 

Tabellae, tabulae, lozenges. 

Talis, such. Sumat talem, let him take such a one as this. 

Talus, the ankle. 

Tarn, so. Tamen, yet. 

Tactus, the touch. 

Taenia, the tapeworm. 

Tempus, ternporis, time. 

Tempora, the temples. Temporibus, to the temples. Tempori dextro, to 

the right temple. Tempori sinistro, to the left temple. 
Temperies, temperamentum, temperament, degree of heat. 
Tenacitas, tenacity. Ad debitam tenacitatem, of a proper degree of tenacity 

or consistence. 
Teneo, to hold. Tenendus, to be held. 
Tenuis, weak, thin, small, slender. 
Tepefactus, warmed, made warm. 

Ter, three times, thrice. Ter quaterve, three or four times. 
Teres, teretis, round, taper ; also, teres is a name for the long and round 

worm infesting the human body, qu. d. vermis teres. 
Tergum, the back. A tergo, behind. 
Tero, to rub. Tere (imperative), rub. Terendus, to be rubbed. Terantur, 

let them be rubbed. 
Tertius, tertia, tertium, the third. 
Testacea, the prepared powders made of oyster-shells, egg-shells, crabs' 

claws, etc. 
Thorax, the chest. Thoracis, of the chest. 
Thus, fankincense. 
Tinea, capitis, scald head. 
Torrefactus, toasted. 

Tres, tria, three ; tribus, in three, to three. 
Triduum, three days. 

Trituratio, a grinding. Trituratus, triturated, ground. Tritus, ground. 
T.O., Tinctura Opii, what is commonly called Laudanum. 
T.O.C, Tinctura Opii Cam pho rata, Camphorated Tincture of Opium, called, 

formerly, Paregoric Elixir. This tincture is now called by the British 

Pharmacopoeia, edit. 186*7, Tinctura Camphorae Composita. 
Trans, through. Cola trans chartam, filter through filtering-paper. 
Tussis, a cough. Tussi molestante, when the cough is troublesome. 

U. 

I'M imiis, ultima, mum, the last. Ultimo prescript, which was last prescribed. 

Umbilicus, the navel. 

I 'iim (an adverb), together. 

Uncio, an ounce. Unciam cum semisse, an ounce and a half. 

[Jndecim, eleven. 

I ii ik, nun, unum, one. Unius, of one. Uni, to one. 

Drgente tussi, when the cough is troublesome. 

[JrgeO, to Urge, to oppress, to be troublesome or painful. 

Dsus, use. Pergat in usu remediorum, continue the use of the medicine as 

before. 
Usque, ad, up to, as far as. 

It. as that, so that ; in the same manner as. 
Utendus, to be used. 



INTRODUCTION. 59 

Utatur, let him make use of. 

Uterque, utraque, utrumque, both. Utriusqne, of both. Utrique, to both, 

to either. Admoveantur hirundines ij tempori utrique, apply two 

leeches to each temple. 
Utriuslibet, of whichever of the two, or more, the patient likes best. 



Yaccinatio, the act of inoculating for the cowpock. 

Tariola vaccinae, the cowpock. 

Yaccinum lac, cow's milk. 

Yalde, very, very much. 

Yaleo, to avail ; si non valeat, if it does not answer. 

Variola, the smallpox. 

Varicella, the chickenpox. 

Yas, a vessel. Yasis, of a vessel. Yase clauso, in a covered vessel. Agitato 
vase, shaking the vessel. 

Ye, vel, or ; either ; -ve is never at the beginning, but at the end of, a word. 

Vertebrae, the joints of the neck, back, or loins ; the vertebrae, altogether, 
form that column of bones which is called the spine. 

Verus, true, real, genuine. 

Vena, vein. Yena saphena, the ankle vein. 

Yenaesectio, bleeding. Fiat venaesectio, bleed him. 

V.S.B., Yenaesectio brachii, bleeding in the arm. Fiat venaesectio in vena 
saphena, bleed the patient in the ankle vein — or, it may be under- 
stood, to bleed wherever you can find the best vein at the top of the 
foot to get blood from. 

Yespere, in the evening. 

Vespertinus, in the evening, as hora vi a , vespertina, at six o'clock in the 
evening. 

Yehiculum, a vehicle ; that is, whatever liquid or any other eatable or drink- 
able we take a medicine in, as barley-water, whey, jelly, or panada, etc. 

Viginti, twenty. Yicesimus, vigesimns, the twentieth. 

Vinosus, vinarius, of wine. Cyathus vinarius, a wineglass. 

Vices, turns ; ad duas vices sumendus, to be taken at twice ; that is, half to 
be taken at first, and the other half in some time after. 

Vicibus partitis. See Partitns in P. 

Vice, in the room of. Vix, scarcely, hardly. Ut vix sentiatur, so that it 
can scarcely be perceived. 

Vitellus, the yolk of an egg. 

V. 0. S., Yitello ovi Solut m ; dissolved in the yolk of an egg. 

Vitrum, a glass. Yitreus, made of glass. 

Vires, strength ; si vires permittant, if the strength will bear it. 

Yomitio, a vomiting. Vomitione urgente, when the vomiting is troublesome. 

Yultus, the countenance. 



OBSERVATIONS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SICK ROOM. 

In the treatment of disease, as much depends on the proper management 
of the patient, or, as it is usually called, nursing, as on the remedial powers 
of medicines appropriate to the exigencies of the case. How many, in fact, 
have owed their lives to the sedulous and skilful attention of their nurse or 
friends, wholly independent of professional assistance ! and, on the other 
hand, what numbers have been sacrificed to a want of knowledge of the 
proper government of a sick room, in spite of the most judicious treatment 
on the part of the physician I This most important subject has been strangely 



GO INTRODUCTION. 

overlooked by both lecturers and writers on the practice of medicine. We 
are acquainted with but two treatises on the subject, in our language, that 
can be referred to with confidence — the general observations prefixed to " A 
Practice of Physic," bj^ the late Dr. Dewees, and " The Domestic Manage- 
ment of the Sick Room," by Dr. A. T. Thomson, of both of which we shall 
freely avail ourself in the following pages. 

Ventilation in the Sick Room. 

Where it is possible, the room in which the patient is confined should be 
large and lofty, and in all cases provided with a chimney ; the upper sashes 
of the windows should be capable of being let down, which is not always the 
case ; in a word, the room should be of such a construction as to permit the 
freest ventilation and renewal of the air without injury to the patient. For- 
tunately for the comfort as well as for the benefit of the sick, a great change 
has taken place as regards their treatment in this respect ; at one time, and 
that not many years since, it was considered essential to their recovery that 
air should be carefully excluded from their apartments, and every means was 
taken to accomplish this result ; but a more rational mode of treatment is 
now generally adopted, though physicians occasionally meet with individuals 
who obstinately adhere to the idea that all access of the outer air is inju- 
rious to the sick. 

The air of a sick chamber soon becomes impure, and must be changed by 
the admission of fresh air from without, and not, as is too frequently at- 
tempted, by the use of disinfecting agents in the chamber itself; which, 
although they may mask or destroy offensive odors, only tend to vitiate the 
air still more. It may be confidently asserted that no disinfecting or fumi- 
gating agent is capable of rendering the air of a sick chamber so pure and 
salutary as it can be made by proper attention to cleanliness and free 
ventilation. 

This latter can in most cases be accomplished without risk to the patient, 
by proper management, and should never be neglected. It should be regu- 
lated by the season of the year, the state of the atmosphere, and the cha- 
racter of the disease. In winter, in consequence of the draught occasioned 
by the fire, a renewal of the air of the room takes place to a greater or less 
degree ; but a sick chamber should, if possible, be heated by an open fire, 
and not by a stove, as the air is thus more rapidly changed, and the un- 
pleasant emanations caused by a large surface of heated iron are obviated. 
The state of the weather should also influence the mode of ventilation, for 
it must be obvious that, if it is damp, it would be injurious, if admitted into 
a sick room directly or in large quantities. The character of the disease 
.should always be considered ; as a general rule, all acute affections require 
more ventilation than those of a chronic nature, except such as are attended 
with offensive discharges. No precise rules, however, can be laid down on 
the subject of ventilation as respects the mode in which it is to be attained ; 
this must, in a great measure, be left to the discretion and good sense of the 
attendants. 

Ventilation is especially required in infectious and contagious disorders, 
B8, in close, ill-ventilated np.-iit.nients, the power of infection is greatly aug- 
meiited, and is, .-is it were, concentrated. The infectious miasm is greatly 
weakened or dilated by a free access of air, and its powers much augmented 
by a damp, close atmosphere. Next to ventilation, and of equal importance, 
is the 

Temperature of the Sick Room. 

There is a very general, but erroneous, opinion among nurses, that a sick 
person should be kept very warm, to prevent his taking cold, and, consequently, 



INTRODUCTION. 61 

the temperature of the chamber is maintained at a fever heat, to the great 
inconvenience and positive detriment of the patient. The best general tem- 
perature of a sick room is from 60° to 70° F., to be regulated by the ther- 
mometer rather than by the sensations of the sick person, as these are often- 
times morbid and deceptive, but at the same time are not to be wholly dis- 
regarded ; thus, where the temperature is agreeable to the sensations of 
the attendants, and the patient, notwithstanding, complains of chilliness, it 
should be increased a few degrees. 

In febrile complaints, nothing conduces more to the comfort, and nothing 
is more proper than a reduced temperature, as it materially aids the phy- 
sician in relieving the morbid heat of the patient's body, and the increased 
action of the arterial system. Thus, in a patient in the hot stage of fever, it 
is suprising to see the almost immediate relief experienced by the admission 
of cool air into the chamber ; a tranquil state ensues, replacing his former 
jactitation and restlessness ; his skin becomes cooler ; 'his respiration, from 
being hurried and laborious, becomes calm and gentle ; his pulse less fre- 
quent and active ; and, in many cases, a placid and refreshing sleep comes 
on ; or he breaks out into a general perspiration. 

Where, on the other hand, the temperature of the room is maintained at 
a temperature equal to, or nearly equal to, that of his body, every morbid 
S3^mptom will be much aggravated, and his condition rendered still more 
deplorable. But, whilst a moderately depressed temperature is beneficial in 
many diseases, it exercises a decidedly injurious effect in others ; in affec- 
tions of the lungs, even a slight change in the thermometer will often cause 
an attack of cough and an augmentation of the symptoms. 

During convalescence, the air of a sick chamber should be frequently re- 
newed, and the temperature kept at about 60° to 65° ; but no sudden tran- 
sitions permitted, as nothing is more essential than a guarded care against 
extremes and rapid changes of heat and cold. 

It is of equal importance that a proper attention should be paid to the 
temperature of the patient as regards the amount of his covering, for con- 
stant errors are committed by nurses in this respect. When a sick person 
complains of feeling cold, it is always proper to provide him with additional 
covering ; but, if reaction takes place, and heat of skin ensues, it is seldom 
thought advisable by the attendants to remove any of the now superfluous 
clothes, "as he might take cold;' 7 the consequence is that a febrile con- 
dition is produced, with a dry, hot skin, without a sign of perspiration. If 
some of the bedclothes be removed, however, this will soon make its appear- 
ance, to the great relief of the patient. Every nurse should be aware that 
there is a sweating temperature, and that, when this is transcended, perspi- 
ration will not take place, and will cease if it be present. Attention to a 
simple rule on this point will obviate any difficulty — to add covering when 
the patient complains of chilliness, and to remove it when he experiences 
too much heat. 

Cleanliness in the Sick Room. 

Nor is attention to cleanliness of less importance, for, although much is 
accomplished, in preventing a foul and offensive atmosphere, by proper ven- 
tilation, this is not sufficient, and is not always practicable. The observance 
of this is one of a nurse's most important duties ; and she should be careful 
to remove anything that is capable of emitting an unpleasant smell, or of 
giving out an injurious gas, as speedily as possible. All evacuations are to 
be taken from the room at once, and never suffered to taint the air, under any 
pretence whatever. The bedclothes, as well as the personal clothing of the 
patient, should be changed as frequently as circumstances will allow, and no 
dirt suffered to accumulate in any part of the room. All articles used by the 



62 INTRODUCTION. 

patient in taking his food, medicine, etc., should be cleansed as soon after 
they have been employed as possible. No slop-basin or slop-pail should ever 
be allowed to remain in a sick chamber. 

A patient's face and hands should be frequently wiped with a towel moist- 
ened with cold water, or vinegar and water, in all cases in which there is no 
danger of causing chilliness, and he should be allowed to rinse his mouth 
and clean his teeth, several times a day ; when he is unable to perform the 
latter office for himself, it should be done by the nurse. This is ver}^ grate- 
ful to patients in fever, when the tongue is dry or coated with fur or tena- 
cious mucus. 

Whilst every means of insuring cleanliness in the sick room should be 
practised, it is to be accomplished with as little noise and bustle as possible; 
otherwise it becomes annoying and injurious to the patient. It is not requi- 
site that the room should be swept, nor that the furniture should be dusted, 
every day. What is done should always be performed in the morning, as the 
patient is usually better able to bear the little noise and bustle necessarily 
attendant on these operations, after a night's rest and quiet. When the carpet 
is swept, it should be sprinkled with moist tea leaves a short time previous, 
to prevent dust from rising. 

Quiet in the Sick Room. 

In most diseases, and especially in those attended with fever, nothing is 
more annoying and distressing to the patient than noise ; hence, the utmost 
quiet should be strictly maintained. All unnecessaiy conversation should be 
avoided, as a sick room is an unfit place for gossiping. If conversation be 
carried on, however, it should be in such a tone of voice that the patient may 
comprehend it, for nothing is more injudicious or hurtful to a sick person, 
especially if of a nervous temperament, than the mode usually adopted by the 
attendants of conversing in whispers, as it leads him to imagine that it refers 
to something they are afraid or unwilling to communicate to him, and hence, 
he fatigues himself by endeavoring to ascertain the purport of conversation, 
or gives way to despondency; on this account, it is better that all talking 
that is required should be carried on in a moderate tone of voice, and not 
in whispers, as much less likely to disturb the patient or to excite his 
attention. 

In some cases, especially in those of a nervous character, on the contrary, 
cheerful conversation is of much benefit to the patient, provided it is not 
continued so long as to fatigue him. 

A great fault in many nurses is being always in a bustle, " putting things 
to rights," or u fixing the room," thus constantly disturbing the patient, and 
preventing him from sleeping; nothing is more annoying to a sick person 
than this bustle or this constant recurrence of noises, which, however insig- 
nificant in themselves, render him nervous and impatient, from their repe- 
tition. Most of these may be prevented b}' an attention to order and method 
on the part of the nurse. 

One common source of annoyance to a sick person arises from a frequent 
opening and shutting of his door, more especially if the lock or hinges are 
not in good order. In many cases, the door may be kept permanently open, 
and the patient protected from the light and draught of air by means of a 
screen. Where t his cannot be done, the door should never be opened, except 
when it is absolutely required, and it is by all means to be avoided whilst 
the patient is asleep. One means of avoiding a too frequent opening and 
shutting of the door is to permit no person to enter the room except such 
as are required to assist in attendance on the patient. 



INTRODUCTION. 63 

Examination and Preservation of the Excretions. 

This is of much importance in many cases, as it enables the physician 
to judge with some degree of certainty of the condition of the patient and 
of the progress of the disease. It should never be trusted to a nurse, as 
it is very rarely that their account can be depended upon. In all cases where 
the physician deems it necessary, the nurse should be directed to preserve 
the excretions for his inspection ; but they should never be retained in the 
sick room. 

Administration of Medicine, etc. 

However skilful the phj'sician may be, and however judicious his treat- 
ment, it is rendered perfectly nugatory, if the remedies he orders are not 
administered according to his directions, as the cure of the patient depends 
in many cases on the regular application of the prescribed remedies. It 
is, therefore, the duty of the attendant on the sick to follow implicitly the 
directions of the physician, as well in exactly complying with his orders, as 
in doing nothing that she has not been ordered to do. At the same time, 
there are exceptions to this rule, in which a suspension of the remedy, or 
a deviation from the order of the physician, is not only allowable, but is 
absolutely required. Thus, from idiosyncrasy or some other cause, the 
remedy in the doses ordered may have no effect, or may produce one widely 
different from that intended or expected. In such cases, it is evident that 
a strict adherence to the directions of the physician would be productive of 
evil ; but he should be immediately apprised of the circumstance. 

Xurses, however, more frequently commit errors in the administration of 
drinks and nourishment than in that of the prescribed medicines. In the 
former, they are apt to imagine that they are as good, if not better judges 
than the physician, and, in consequence, thwart the best directed treatment. 
The nurse should as scrupulously adhere to the directions of the physician 
as regards drink and nourishment, as with the doses and times of admin- 
istration of medicines ; nor should the exhibition of food or drink be left 
to her discretion more than that of remedies. 

One error is very common, that of giving them too largely or too fre- 
quently ; this should be guarded against, as far as possible, by the physician 
prescribing the quantity and quality of food or drink, as well as the times of 
giving it, with as much precision as he prescribes doses of medicine and the 
periods of their exhibition. In fact, in the treatment of the sick, as little as 
possible should be left to the discretion and judgment of the nurse or 
attendant of the patient. 

Furniture of a Sick Room. 

Where a disease is of a serious character, or appears likely to be protracted, 
it becomes of importance that the chamber the patient is to occupy, if cir- 
cumstances will admit of it, should be selected and arranged in such a 
manner as will most minister to his comfort, and aid his recovery. It should, 
if possible, be large and aity, with a northern aspect, so as to avoid the glare 
of the sun ; but, in towns, a room exposed to the sun is preferable to one 
fronting on the street, in which the patient is constantly disturbed by the 
noise of passing vehicles, etc. As mentioned under the head of ventilation, 
it should always be provided with an open chimney, that a due circulation 
of air may take place. 

No article of furniture that is not required should be suffered to remain 
in the room, as the dusting and arranging it will cause unnecessary noise 
and bustle, annoying to the patient. Two tables are wanted in most cases: 
one of a small size, to stand by the side of the bed, to hold such articles 



64: INTRODUCTION. 

as are in immediate use, as. the medicines he is taking, the spoon or glass 
in which they are administered, etc. ; but nothing should be permitted to 
remain upon it, except articles frequently wanted. The other table, which 
should be large, and adapted for the reception of medicines not in imme- 
diate use, such as spare spoons and glasses, should contain a drawer, sup- 
plied with a roll of old and soft linen, a sponge, scissors, a spatula, a roll of 
muslin and one of flannel bandage, some lint, some adhesive plaster, a pin- 
cushion well supplied with pins ; in fact, all such articles as may be needed. 
It may appear unnecessary to allude to these things ; but it has happened 
to every medical man, to observe that, without such previous preparation, 
much of his time is wasted in the search for what is wanted. 

Where a second table is inconvenient, the top of a chest of drawers can 
be employed instead, for bottles, glasses, etc. ; and one drawer should be 
appropriated to the reception of the various articles above enumerated ; 
another should contain towels, a free supply of which should alwa} T s be at 
hand ; but none are ever to be used for the reception of dirtied articles of 
clothing, which should always be at once removed from the room. The 
washstand should be provided with additional basins, one of which should be 
of small size ; and a large pitcher of water should be always kept in the 
room. 

If there is a looking-glass in the room, it should be placed in such a position 
as not to be in view of the patient. A large sofa, or a small additional bed, 
is constantly required, as in certain cases where the patient is unable to sit 
up, he finds much comfort in being removed to it ; it is also required when 
his bed is to be made. An invalid or easy chair is also productive of much 
benefit in certain cases ; and where it can be commanded, it should be of 
such a construction as will admit of changes, so as to vary the position of 
the patient at pleasure. 

What is called a French bedstead, without curtains, is the best adapted to 
the sick room. The four-post bedstead, when used, should not be furnished 
with curtains, as these tend to exclude the air, and to retain smells and a 
vitiated atmosphere. In all cases, a mattress is preferable to a feather-bed ; 
it may be placed over the latter, when greater softness is required. The 
pillows should be elastic, but so firm as not to permit the head of the patient 
to sink in them, as this prevents coolness and a due circulation of air. The 
bed-coverings should be as light as is consistent with warmth and comfort ; 
hence, Marseilles quilts should not be used, as from their weight they op- 
press the patient, without affording as much warmth as a light blanket. 

The change of bedclothes, and shaking up the bed or mattress, must be 
regulated by the character of the disease and the condition of the patient. 
In febrile complaints, it should be done, if the strength of the patient will 
admit, twice in the twenty-four hours. When there is much restlessness, it 
will be found advantageous to move him night and morning to a large sofa, 
or to another bed ; this tends to promote sleep, and to insure a proper airing 
of the beds. When lie is llnis moved, the clothes of the bed he has left 
should be turned down and fully exposed to the air, which will render so 
frequent a change of the sheets less necessary than would otherwise be re- 
quired. When there is only one bed, and in febrile diseases, the sheets which 
have been used at night are to be replaced by others in the morning, and 
freely exposed to (he air during the day, and again used at night. When 
the patient, is too much debilitated to be moved from bed to bed, he should 
be merely removed to the Other side of his bed, and the one he has left pro- 
perly arranged by changing the linen, beating up the bed, etc. ; but these 
Changes are never to he made whilst, lie is in a perspiration. 

If a lire in the room is required, it should not be made use of to prepare 



INTRODUCTION. 65 

the food or drinks of the patient ; this should be done elsewhere, as well to 
avoid the smell emitted by the heated articles, as the noise and bustle caused 
in their preparation. 

Proper use of Utensils for Evacuations, etc. 

As it is of the utmost importance to the patient that he should be spared 
all unnecessary fatigue, some precautions are to be used to prevent this 
during his evacuations ; and one of the duties of a nurse is to enable him to 
perform those offices with the least expenditure of strength. When the 
patient is feeble, he should never be allowed to rise to fulfil the calls of 
nature, and, therefore, a bed-pan and urinal should alwaj-s be provided ; by 
means of these, the evacuations can be performed with ease, and without 
exertion. Many persons, it is true, have an aversion to using them ; but 
this difficulty can generally be overcome by a proper representation of their 
advantages. One of the objections commonly made is that the use of a bed- 
pan gives them pain in the back ; and this is often the case where the patient 
is not properly supported ; but can always be prevented by placing a pillow 
in the hollow of the back, before the pan is used. 

In the case of giving drinks or nourishment, much unnecessary fatigue 
may be spared to the patient. Owing to the form of the vessels usually 
employed to administer drinks, without the sick person is raised in bed to 
receive them, much of the fluid is apt to be spilt on the bedclothes, to his 
great discomfort. Hence, a tumbler, teacup, or bowl should never be em- 
ployed for this purpose, where the patient is too feeble to raise himself with- 
out inconvenience. The sick cup, as it is called, should therefore be em- 
ployed for this purpose, as it spares all fatigue, and prevents any spilling of 
fluid on the patient or on the clothes. 

When the medicine or food is taken in spoonful quantities, and in cases 
of nauseous medicines to be administered to children, the medicinal spoon 
will be found very useful. This is a spoon with a hollow handle, with an 
opening at its extremity ; the bowl is provided with a hinged lid, but is 
open at the apex. When a fluid is poured into it, and the lid closed, the 
pressure of air at the opening at the end of the bowl will prevent any of 
the fluid escaping, as long as the orifice at the end of the handle is closed, 
but is projected with some force when this opening is free. By means of 
this contrivance, medicine or food may be conveniently administered without 
the patient being obliged to be raised in bed, or in spite of resistance on 
the part of a child. 

DOSE OF MEDICINES. 

The doses of medicinal substances, being specific as regards each other, 
can only be learned by experience ; but their remedial or active powers do 
not always increase with an increase of the dose : thus, if a purgative dose 
of calomel be ten grains, an increased quantity of the medicine will not in- 
duce an equivalent increase in the purgation, though it ma} 7 cause other 
consequences. The dose in which a medicine is given often determines its 
specific action ; two grains of ipecacuanha will usually quiet the stomach, 
or act as a diaphoretic, whilst thirty will produce active emesis ; and, in 
like manner, almost every medicine displays different powers, according to 
the dose in which it is administered. 

Dr. Paris states " that powerful doses are disposed to produce local rather 
than general effects." This is proved by experience, in many cases, but does 
not hold good in all : thus, many of the active poisons cause general effects 
in both large and small doses, and their virulent action is in general propor- 
tionate to the quantity taken. In most of what are termed the alterative 
5 



66 introduction. 

medicines, however, the alterative action is only displayed when they are 
administered in small, but long-continued doses, and does not take place 
when they are taken in such quantities as to excite much local action. It is 
erroneous to suppose that a medicine is devoid of power, or does not exert 
an influence on the system, because no marked effect immediately follows its 
exhibition ; for, as is observed by Dr. Barlow, " it is very possible that prac- 
titioners often err, especially in the treatment of chronic maladies, from 
requiring an obvious effect from each dose administered ; where it is ascer- 
tained that a medicine actually possesses inherent powers, the slow and 
almost imperceptible exercise of these powers should not be despised. There 
is often more wisdom in seconding the efforts of nature than in superseding 
them." In fully admitting the truth of this remark, we are far from advo- 
cating the doctrine of Hahnemann, or his invisible doses ; nor does it, in 
fact, accord with his views, for he gives a long catalogue of symptoms, 
caused by the administration of the minutest quantity of the articles of his 
materia medica. 

So many circumstances influence the effects of medicines, that it is almost 
impossible to say what dose will produce identical effects in different indi- 
viduals ; but it has been sufficiently ascertained that, in the generality of 
patients, we may reasonably expect certain results from certain doses. The 
circumstances that influence the action of medicines, and the doses in which 
they are to be given, are : — 

Age. — This exercises much influence; the young require smaller doses of 
a medicine to produce the desired effect than an adult ; and the aged, al- 
though less susceptible to impressions than formerly, are unable to bear any 
forcible shock on their system. Various formulas or tables have been pub- 
lished for the graduation of doses to the respective ages ; but none of them 
are as generally adopted as that attributed to Gaubius, which is as follows : — 

Dose for a person in adult age being 1 drachm or 1. 



That for a person from 14 to 21 years would be 2 scruples or -§. 

" 1 to 14 " i drachm or \. 

" 4 to 7 "1 scruple or ^. 

" 4 "15 grains or \. 

" 3 " 10 grains or £. 

u 2 " 8 grains or |-. 

" 1 "5 grains or T ^. 

This table, although mainly correct, is often found to be erroneous, when 
applied to particular cases. Dr. Paris, in his Pharmacologia, gives a formula 
devised by I>r. young, which is simple and has been found to be generally 
correct; this is : — 

For children under twelve years, the doses of most medicines must be 
diminished in the proportion of the age, to the age increased by twelve; 
thus: — 

At two years to }, viz. : — 
2 = . . 
2-4-12 7 ' 
At 21 the full dose to be given. 

But 110 scheme can be devised, founded on age alone, to which there are 
not many exceptions. Thus, children require proportionally larger doses 
of castor oil or calomel to affect them than adults, whilst, and especially 
when very young, they are exceedingly susceptible to the action of opium 
and its preparations. 

Si;x. — It is generally admitted that females require smaller doses of medi- 
cines than males, and, as a general rule, this may be correct; but so much 



INTRODUCTION. 67 

depends upon habits of life, temperament, etc., that the exceptions are almost 
as numerous as the examples. 

Temperament also exercises much influence on the doses of certain arti- 
cles of the materia meclica ; an individual of a nervous temperament is unable 
to bear with impunity doses of opium that scarcely act on the phlegmatic ; 
the sanguineous are readily affected by the action of stimuli, etc. 

Idiosyncrasy, or constitutional peculiarity, has more influence than either 
sex or temperament on the action of medicines. Some of these anomalies 
are very striking, and almost incredible, and evince the necessity of particular 
inquiries being made by the physician of every patient with whose constitu- 
tion he is unacquainted. In some cases, opium, or any of its preparations, 
cannot be administered without producing the most distressing symptoms ; 
in others, the smallest doses of calomel will cause salivation ; whilst in 
others again it may be profusely given without inducing any effect on the 
salivary glands. In some persons, the mere vicinity to the poison oak (JRhiis 
radicans ) will bring on an unpleasant inflammation of the skin ; whilst on 
other individuals this plant has no action whatever. It is often found that 
copaiba will cause a peculiar eruption, and the smell of ipecacuanha induce 
a distressing dyspnoea. So tartar emetic will be productive of ptj^alism in 
some individuals even when applied to the surface of the body ; blisters of 
cantharides will cause strangury in some patients, etc. In fact, these idio- 
syncrasies are so numerous that it would require a volume to notice in detail 
those already recorded. 

Habit exercises an equal influence with idiosyncrasy in modifying the 
action of medicines. The usual consequence of a long-continued use of any 
remedial or stimulating substance, is to diminish the susceptibility of the 
organs on which it acts to its impression. Hence, to obtain its effects, it 
must be given in gradually increased quantities. In many cases, however, 
instead of a diminished, an increased action is caused by repetition of certain 
substances. 

The influence of habit, in diminishing the susceptibility of the system to 
stimuli, is liable to fewer exceptions as regards vegetable than mineral sub- 
stances, as may be daily remarked in the use of opium and tobacco. Dr. 
Christison accounts for this effect of habit in diminishing the influence of 
vegetable substances, by an increased power of the stomach in decomposing 
them ; but it must also be attributed to a diminished susceptibility in the 
nervous system to their influence. But mineral medicines appear, in almost 
every case, to act with increased power by repetition, though the converse 
has been observed in some cases. 

State of the System. — It is well known that, in certain deviations from 
a healthy or normal condition, a remarkable change is often observed in the 
action of remedies on the system. Thus, in severe pain, opium can be ad- 
ministered in doses that cannot be borne with impunity in a state of health ; 
but this is still more the case in tetanus, in which scruple doses, frequently 
repeated, have been administered without producing any marked effects. 
This modifying influence of disease has been noticed with regard to many 
other remedies, as in mercury, which can be given in large and repeated 
doses, in a febrile condition, without causing salivation. Where there is a 
diminished sensibility of a part, or a comatose condition, the pain, or irrita- 
tion caused by the application of stimulating or vesicating articles, not 
being felt by the patient, there is a risk of inducing a sloughing and de- 
struction of the part to which they are applied, if care be not taken to re- 
move them in time ; so, also, the application of ammonia to the nostrils, to 
relieve fainting, has caused violent irritation, and even inflammation of the 
trachea, the patient being unable, from his condition, of appreciating or 



68 INTRODUCTION. 

expressing his sensation. Dr. Christison notices several fatal cases of bron- 
chitis from this cause. 

Time of Day at which medicines are administered also influences their 
action on the system. As a general rule, no medicine should be given soon 
after a meal, though, in the case of some of the irritants, as arsenic, corro- 
sive sublimate, iodine, etc., it is often found most expedient to administer 
them whilst the stomach is filled with food, to avoid their local action on 
that organ. Dr. Paris observes, under this head: "Evacuating medicines 
ouijht to be exhibited late at night, or early in the morning ; thus, sub- 
stances of tardy operation, as calomel and the resinous purgatives, should 
be given at night, while saline purgatives, senna, etc., may be given in the 
morning. It would seem that during sleep the bowels are not so irritable, 
and, consequent^, not so easily acted upon, which allows time for the full 
solution of the substance." In all cases, the exhibition of purgatives should 
be so timed that their operation may take place during the day, so as to 
avoid an undue disturbance of the patient at night. Other directions will 
be found in a subsequent part of the work. 

Numerous other cases exercise much influence on the action of medicines, 
as climate, the imagination of the patient, the tissue or organ to which they 
are applied, etc. 

Nor should the variable activity of a medicine be overlooked ; this has 
occasioned more accidents than is generally supposed. Some remedies, and 
generally those of a vegetable nature, lose much of their activity by age, 
and, therefore, require to be given in large doses to produce the desired 
effect ; hence, where a physician has been induced to increase the usual dose 
of some article, which in a recent or unaltered state is active, and even 
poisonous, but, from age or other deteriorating cause, has become weakened, 
serious accidents may occur, if he persists in administering the same doses 
of a parcel which is fresh, or which is obtained from another apothecaiy. 
In such cases, the safest plan is always to commence with the usual dose of 
the medicine, and to gradually increase it, if this be found necessary. 

It should also be borne in mind that certain medicines have the power of 
accumulating in the system, or in other words, of not displaying their usual 
effects when given in small and repeated doses, until a certain quantity has 
been taken, when, on a sudden, symptoms resembling those caused by an 
overdose of the article, make their appearance. This has been remarked in 
relation to mercury, arsenic, and several other of the metallic medicines, as 
well :is iodine, digitalis, etc. In giving remedies of this character, the phy- 
sician should always be cautious, and not repeat the dose of them too fre- 
quently, because no sensible effect is produced at the expected time. 

Intervals between Doses. — As every medicine produces a specific and 
definite action on the system, which, in most cases, continues for a certain 
time, and then ceases, it becomes necessary to renew or maintain the med- 
icinal impression as long as is required to counteract the morbid condition 
of lli<- system. In some cases, however, as in the case of an emetic or purg- 
ative given Ibr the purpose of merely evacuating the stomach and bowels, the 
single effect produced may be sufficient, and no repetition of the dose is 
required. In most attacks of disease, on the other hand, the physician is 
obliged to prescribe medicines in such quantities as to produce a certain im- 
pression, and to repeat the; (loses at such intervals as will keep up the influ- 
ence of tliis impression. Where, from a want of knowledge of the time 
during which the remedy he lias administered will continue to exercise its 
full act ion on 1 lie system, he postpones a repetition of it for too long a period, 
although a fresh impression is made by each dose, but little real good is the 
result, and, from a want, of continuity in the remedial impression, no progress 
is made towards a cure. Hence, a physician should be acquainted with the 



INTRODUCTION". 69 

usual duration of the action of the medicine he is administering, and order a 
repetition of the doses so as to keep the system under its influence. A nurse 
should, therefore, in all cases, follow his directions implicitly, as regards the 
periods at which medicines are to be given, for, by inattention to this rule, 
injustice is done to the physician, and, what is of more importance, the life 
of the patient is endangered. Where the diffusible stimulants are admin- 
istered, especially those of an evanescent character, it is of much consequence 
that their influence should be kept up ; and hence a neglect on the part of a 
nurse in giving them at the prescribed periods might cause a fatal collapse 
of the patient. It should be observed, however, that, except in cases where 
it is necessary thus to maintain the vital powers of a patient, this strict ob- 
servance of the prescribed intervals between the doses of medicines is not 
intended to extend to the night, so as to disturb the invalid, as, in most dis- 
eases, sleep is one of the best restoratives; but advantage is to be taken of 
those moments when he is awake, timing the doses as nearly as possible to 
the designated periods. 

Rules for the Administration of Medicines. — As has been stated, 
fluid medicines are usually administered in drops, teaspoonfuls, tablespoon- 
fuls, etc. — an approximate measurement, which, although not precise or 
accurate, is sufficiently so in most cases, though not suited to medicines of a 
very active nature. As the generality of medicines are nauseous, it is neces- 
sary to modify, as far as possible, their disagreeable taste, which renders 
them so repugnant to patients, and often causes much difficulty in their 
administration, especially to children ; but this modification must not be of 
such a character as to alter their properties. As regards young children, 
much difficulty will be obviated by the use of the medicine-spoon already 
described ; this will also be found useful in cases of insanity, where patients 
refuse to take medicine or nourishment. 

It is often found that patients experience much difficulty in swallowing 
pills, especially when these are of small size. The usual mode is to place 
the pill on the tongue, and to take a mouthful of water, when, on making an 
effort to swallow, both pass down the throat together ; this plan is generally 
successful ; but some persons appear to be unable to take a pill in this man- 
ner, and gorge themselves with fluid without effecting the deglutition of the 
pilular body; in such cases, by enveloping the pill in some bread, or some 
conserve or sweetmeat, so as to form a bolus, the difficulty is obviated. 

Mixtures containing insoluble ingredients should always be shaken up 
before they are administered ; otherwise, the first doses will contain but little 
of the active ingredients, whilst the last portions will, on the other hand, be 
more powerful than was intended. Where the article administered is of a 
volatile nature, it should be given the moment it is poured out, and the bottle 
containing the remainder immediately closed. 

As each of the classes of medicinal articles requires the observance of 
certain rules to insure its full benefit, these will be briefly noticed in an 
alphabetical order. 

Acids. — These are given to fulfil various indications ; some acting as 
tonics, some as refrigerants, etc. As those most generally used are corrosive, 
they require to be diluted with some bland fluid, so as not to exercise too 
powerful a local action on the tissues with which they come in contact ; nor 
should they be kept in a metallic vessel, nor given by means of a metal 
spoon. As most of them act on the enamel of the teeth in a very rapid and 
energetic manner, the mouth should be well rinsed with water after the ad- 
ministration of each dose ; or they may be taken by being sucked up by 
means of a small glass tube, thus avoiding any contact with the teeth : this 
observation applies to many of the acid or super-salts ; the usual solution of 
the sulphate of quinia, which contains free sulphuric acid, is known to act 



70 INTRODUCTION. 

on the teeth very rapidly, and, from a constant repetition of the doses, to 
injure them in a serious manner ; and hence requires to be given with 
precaution. 

Antacids are medicines intended to neutralize an undue or morbid acidity 
of the stomach or intestines. Their action is chemical, and they produce an 
innoxious compound which takes the place of the morbid fluid that causes 
the uneasiness or pain. In many cases, they act most efficaciously, when an 
emetic or cathartic has been previously administered. To obtain a perma- 
nent benefit from them, they should be combined with tonics, aromatics, etc. ; 
as, when given alone, the relief afforded by them is but transient. 

They are most advantageously administered early in the morning, or some 
time previous to a meal during the day. When the salt resulting from the 
union of the antacid and the morbid acid is purgative, the former is better 
given at bedtime ; thus, the combination of the solution of potassa, of the 
carbonates of potassium and sodium, or of magnesium, forms salts with the 
gastric acid that act with some energy on the bowels ; but this is not the 
case with chalk mixture or lime-water. 

The patient should be restricted to light animal food and well boiled vege- 
tables, avoiding sweets, acids, pastry, and, in fact, everything liable to 
increase the acescent condition of the stomach. 

Antilitiiics and Lithontriptics are medicines supposed to possess the 
power of obviating or dissolving urinary calculi. That there are remedial 
agents capable of removing or relieving that morbid condition of the system 
on which a lithic acid diathesis depends, there can be no doubt ; but it is 
very questionable if we possess remedies capable of dissolving calculi existing 
in the urinary organs. Among the antilithic remedies, those most generally 
employed are magnesia and its salts, the alkalies, soap, several of the acids, 
some astringent diuretics, many bitter tonics, etc. In cases of a lithic acid 
diathesis, however, much depends on the regulation of the diet of the patient; 
thus, when there is a superabundant secretion of uric acid, the food should 
contain as little azote as possible, and, therefore, be mainly of a vegetable 
nature ; but, at the same time, care must be taken that the healthy action of 
the stomach is not impaired. There should be an avoidance of all indigest- 
ible substances, as fresh bread, past^, salt meats, and even soups of all 
kinds ; nor should malt liquors or acid wines be allowed. Where the white 
sand deposits or the phosphates occur, an acid system of diet is beneficial, 
with abstinence from all alkalies, soda-water, etc. ; whilst lemonade, the acid 
wines, and fruits in moderation can be allowed with advantage. 

Antispasmodics are remedies which have been considered to be endowed 
vilh the power of allaying spasms, and of calming or entirely removing 
irregular actions of the nervous s}^stem. As spasmodic action of the mus- 
cular apparatus and a morbid condition of the nervous centres may arise 
from a variety of causes, it has been found that the most opposite modes of 
treatment have been required; thus, in some cases, the most efficient anti- 
spasmodic is the Lancet, whilst in others the morbid symptoms are best 
alleviated by the most active diffusible stimuli. It is not our intention to 
enter into the discussion of the mooted question of the modus operandi of 
antispasmodics, or whether there exists a class of remedies which are 
endowed with the power of exerting a direct control over spasmodic action. 
It is however, shown by experience that the influence of this class of reme- 
dial agents is very limited in their operation and very various in their effects, 
and th.ii t0 be efficient much discrimination is requisite on the part of the 
physician in the selection of the article best calculated to attain the desired 
(licet. In general, what are termed antispasmodics have some of the pro- 
perties of the narcotics, but differ from them in not causing stupor or insen- 
hibilitj-. They are mostly substances possessed of a strong odor, and of a 



INTRODUCTION. 71 

more or less volatile nature ; and hence also partake of the properties of 
stimulants. 

Anthelmintics are medicines which are capable of expelling or destroying 
worms situated in the intestinal canal. Several kinds of worms are apt to 
infest the human intestines, and often give rise to distressing and even fatal 
symptoms. The medicines calculated to dislodge them are of various kinds ; 
some act mechanically, as active purgatives, powder of tin, cowhage, etc. ; 
some Iry being poisonous to the worms, as pink root, pomegranate bark, the 
vegetable bitters, etc. ; and to this class belong, in all probability, the acrid, 
volatile, and resinous vermifuges, as turpentine, camphor, garlic, etc. ; and 
the mineral remedies, as calomel, the preparations of iron, sulphur, etc. ; 
some seem to act by asphyxiating the worms, as the fatty oils, the muci- 
lages, etc. 

Vermifuge medicines should be given in as simple a form as possible, and 
in as large doses as is compatible with their nature, and the age and con- 
dition of the patient ; and hence the plan of administering them in the form 
of lozenges, biscuits, etc., is erroneous. One of the most certain of these 
remedies is the pink root (spigelia), either in the form of simple infusion, or 
united with senna or savin ; in the first case, it should be followed by the 
administration of a brisk cathartic. In consequence of its sometimes causing 
temporary loss of sight, tremors, etc., which, although seldom dangerous, 
are apt to frighten the relations and friends of the patient, it is better, espe- 
cially in cases of children, to administer the infusion in the evening, so that 
its effects may not be observed. The worm-seed oil is also another native 
anthelmintic of great power, but has the objection of having so disagreeable 
an odor and taste as to prevent its general use ; the least unpleasant mode 
of giving it is in emulsion with mint or cinnamon water. 

Whatever vermifuge is employed, and whatever success attends its admin- 
istration, the treatment should not be confined to the mere expulsion of the 
worms ; but the condition of the stomach and bowels should be attended to, 
and their tone rendered healthy by the use of tonics, and a well-directed and 
generous diet. 

Cathartics are those medicines which increase in a greater or less degree 
the peristaltic action of the intestines. Cathartics have been divided into 
laxatives, which are characterized by acting mildly, without stimulating in 
any great degree the vessels of the intestines, or exciting a general disturb- 
ance of the system ; and purgatives, which, in addition to evacuating the 
contents of the bowels, also promote secretions from their mucous coat, 
giving rise to copious watery stools. Some purgatives have a more violent 
action, occasioning nausea, faintness, pain, tenesmus, etc. ; and some, acting 
in an overdose as acrid poisons, cause great irritation, and even inflamma- 
tion of the intestines. But there is another and important character in the 
action of purgatives, which is that different portions of the intestinal canal 
are most affected by different cathartic substances ; thus, calomel acts, in a 
marked manner, on the upper portions of the tube, as is shown by the in- 
crease of the biliary matters in the evacuations ; gamboge also manifests its 
power on the stomach by often causing vomiting, but also, like the other 
drastics, causes much irritation in the large intestines ; aloes, again, exerts 
very little action on the upper part of the canal, but spends its force on the 
lower portion ; in fact, each purgative substance is characterized by a pecu- 
liarity of action as regards the part of the intestinal canal affected by it, and 
the nature of the evacuation it produces ; and hence, it is of importance, in 
prescribing an article of this class, that it be suited to the impression wished 
to be made, and not, as is too frequently the case, selected at random. No 
class of remedies has been productive of more injury than the present, from 
their being resorted to without judgment, and from being persevered in for 



72 INTRODUCTION. 

too long a time ; for, independent of the irritation they create and keep np 
in the bowels, they impair digestion, and too often lay the foundation of fatal 
organic diseases. Purgative medicines may be exhibited at any period 
during the da}- ; but in all cases the patient should not be exposed to the 
influence of cold air ; if, however, the circumstances are not urgent, it is 
better to administer them late at night or early in the morning, so as to pre- 
vent the disturbance and loss of rest to the patient, and also to secure their 
retention by the stomach ; when given on an empty stomach, they also act 
more speedily and effectually than when this viscus is filled with food. To 
promote their action, and to obviate their griping effect, warm diluents, as 
chicken water, gruel, etc., should be freely taken after the first discharge. 
Where they operate too much, this inordinate action is to be checked by 
laudanum given by the mouth, or in the form of injections. 

Many of these medicines are very nauseous, and so repugnant to the 
patient as to induce nausea and vomiting, and, therefore, require the addition 
of correctives. The taste of rhubarb is best disguised by being given in 
milk, and that of castor oil by the froth of porter. The disagreeable taste 
of infusion of senna is much lessened if made with cold water, or, if made 
in the usual manner, by the addition of strong coffee, black tea, or by a few 
grains of cream of tartar. Aloes is rendered more palatable by the addition 
of extract of liquorice. Magnesia is mixed more perfectly with water or 
milk, if it is poured on the surface of the fluid, and permitted to sink as it 
becomes saturated, than by the opposite course. The neutral salts are 
rendered more palatable by adding a small portion of lemon-juice to their 
solution, etc. 

When a cathartic is given in the form of pill, its operation is always less 
speedy than when administered in powder or mixture ; and it should be borne 
in mind that the drastic purgatives operate more mildly, and even effectually, 
in combination than when given alone, as is instanced in the compound ca- 
thartic pill. 

Enemata or Clysters. — This mode of purgation is now generally employed 
in our large towns ; but a great prejudice exists among many persons against 
its use, from a fastidious and mistaken delicacy. In consequence of the 
improved apparatus now to be procured, the administration of these reme- 
dies is attended with much less difficulty and exposure than formerly, when 
the pipe and bag or common syringe were employed ; and, therefore, much 
of the objection to their use is obviated. 

Clysters are of almost indispensable utility when it is necessary to evacu- 
ate the bowels as speedily as possible, or when the stomach will not bear the 
administration of a purgative by the mouth, and also in cases where it is of 
importance to make a direct application to the lower bowels, as in dysentery, 
colic, etc. Where it is merely wished to open the bowels, an injection of 
tepid water will often be found sufficient; where this is not found sufficient, 
the addition of table-salt, sweet-oil, or molasses, will, in most cases, induce 
;i full discharge. In all cases the patient should be directed to retain the 
injection for as long a lime as possible, and not to attempt to empty his 
bowels immediately after the reception of the medicine. Though clysters 
seldom cm be foreed beyond the great curve of the colon, and hence their 
local action is confined to the lower part of the bowels, still, in many cases, 
their purgative influence extends to the small intestines, and their adminis- 
li.it ion is followed by full and copious evacuations. They are also directed 
for other purposes than evacuating the bowels, for, from the intimate con- 
nection of the rectum with the other pelvic viscera, impressions made upon 
it are speedily transmitted to the adjoining parts, and hence, remedies can 
be directed by 1 li is elm nnel wit 1) much advantage. In irritation of the bladder 
or uterus, an anodyne injection into the rectum will often afford much relief. 



INTRODUCTION". 73 

In diseases of the lower bowels, also, clysters are of almost indispensable 
utility, as also in the dislodgment of ascarides seated in the rectum; nor 
are the} T less beneficial in those cases of sudden sinking of the powers of 
life where deglutition is impossible, and yet a prompt stimulating impression 
is requisite to save the patient ; under such circumstances, clysters of some 
of the diffusible stimuli have proved of the greatest benefit. 

Suppositories. — These are substances introduced into the rectum to induce 
a discharge of its contents. Their use is to some extent confined to the 
mere object of relieving costiveness, for which purpose a piece of soap 
of a conical shape, and of about an inch in length, may be employed ; but 
in some cases, articles of a more stimulating character are necessary. In 
cases of costiveness in children, the introduction of the end of a small roll 
of paper, moistened with oil, for a few moments into the rectum, will, in 
many cases, be found sufficient. Recently, however, suppositories are 
more extensively used to act locally, or with the view of the gradual absorp- 
tion of the medicinal substance. The former objection, that they frequently 
create irritation in the rectum, is, as far as their basis at the present time 
used is concerned, entirely obviated. Their mode of preparation and the 
apparatus used in making them will be fully described in the chapter on offi- 
cinal preparations and directions, in another part of this volume. 

In all cases where enemata or suppositories are employed, they must be 
introduced with care; otherwise serious injury may be done to the mucous 
coat of the rectum ; instances have occurred where, from a careless inser- 
tion of the pipe of a syringe, the gut has been seriously affected, giving 
rise to fistula, etc. In most cases, the injection for a child under one year 
is about an ounce, which is to be gradually increased to five or six ounces, 
as it advances in age ; to a youth, from ten to fifteen years old, a pint may 
be given; whilst an adult requires a pint and a half to a quart. Where, 
however, the injection is of an anodyne nature, to restrain discharges or 
to alleviate pain, the laudanum should be mixed with not more than half an 
ounce to an ounce of bland mucilage, so as not to excite contraction of the 
bowels by the stimulus of quantity. 

Demulcents or Emollients are medicinal agents which diminish tone or 
irritation in the tissues to which they are applied, and thereby cause a 
relaxation of the parts, or sheathe and protect them from the action of 
substances capable of acting on them injuriously. 

The term Emollients is generally employed to designate remedies which 
are applied externally to soften and relax external surfaces, and, by conti- 
guous sympathy, the deeper seated parts ; these effects have been referred 
by some to a physical, and by others to a vital, agency. They consist prin- 
cipally of bland watery mixtures, or of simple water, at a somewhat elevated 
temperature, of oleaginous substances, or those combined in various forms, 
as fomentations, poultices, etc., which will be more particularly noticed in a 
subsequent part of the work. 

Demulcents are bland substances of various kinds, administered internally, 
to prevent the action of irritating matters on mucous membranes, or to 
soothe or lubricate these parts when irritated or inflamed. They are useful 
in irritation and inflammation of the stomach and bowels, in like condi- 
tions of the air-passages and lungs, as well as in affections of the urinary 
apparatus. When prescribed in cases of catarrh, and other morbid condi- 
tions of the respiratory organs, they are usually directed to be taken ad 
libitum; but they should be swallowed slowly, for their main efficacy arises 
from their lubricating effect on the parts with which they come in contact ; 
and this soothing influence is extended by sympathy to the bronchial mem- 
branes and pulmonic structure. They should be taken after a fit of coughing, 
for, as, by that spasmodic effort, the acrid secretion of the inflamed mucous 



74 INTRODUCTION. 

surface is thrown off, the}- are enabled to come in direct contact with the 
irritated part, and thus exercise their soothing influence more efficiently. 

Diaphoretics are those medicinal agents which promote and increase 
cutaneous transpiration. These articles are numerous, and of a very hetero- 
geneous character. In general, warm diluents, aided by external heat, are 
very effectual means of promoting perspiration ; whilst, in some cases, this 
excretion is better promoted by the use of cool liquids, or even by the sud- 
den and temporary application of cold to the surface. They are in almost 
every case relative agents ; and, to produce the desired effect, should be given. 
in certain states of the system, and with certain precautions. Thus, during 
the exhibition of these remedies, the patient should be confined to bed, and 
covered with light blankets ; his shirt should be of flannel or muslin, as these 
are good non-conductors of heat. Their action is much promoted by the 
free use of diluents, given either warm or cold, according to the temperature 
of the patient's skin. During the continuance of the perspiration, great care 
should be taken that it is not suddenly checked from any cause. When it 
is wished to moderate the sweating, the patient may be removed to another 
bed, covered with a warm blanket, his clothes changed, and his body dried 
with dry towels, care being taken that he is not exposed to cold air. During 
the exhibition of diaphoretics, no medicines of a purgative or diuretic 
character should be administered, as the action of the latter is incompatible 
with that of the former, besides causing a frequent exposure to cold during 
their operation. 

Diluents are water}- fluids which increase the fluidity of the blood, and 
render the secretions and excretions less acrid or viscid. The best diluent 
is water, which is to be given either alone or variously flavored, according to 
the taste of the patient or the circumstances of the case. The temperature 
at which a diluent is given has much influence on its action. Thus, water at 
60° or 70° F. merely dilutes; whilst at 45° to 60° it acts somewhat as a 
tonic, and at 70°, and to as high a temperature as it can be drunk, it is 
stimulant. Merely tepid water will often act as an emetic, whilst at 90° or 
100° it will quiet the stomach and relieve nausea. In a cool or cold state, 
diluents diminish the temperature of the body and moderate an undue excite- 
ment of the pulse, and are hence called refrigerants or temperants, and prin- 
cipally consist of aqueous solutions of many of the acids, or of some of the 
neutral salts. 

Diuretics are medicines which increase or promote the secretion of urine : 
this they do by increasing the quantity of fluid taken into the stomach, or 
by stimulating the kidneys to increased action. They are always inconstant 
in their effects, and cannot be relied upon to produce the desired effect in all 
cases. To obtain their effect, the surface of the patient's body should be 
kept cool; otherwise, they are apt to operate as diaphoretics. Hence, the 
patient should remain out of bed, and the medicine be administered during 
the daytime; or, if confined to bed, the clothing should be as light as is 
compatible with comfort. The action of diuretics is much aided by a free 
use of the cooling diluents. 

Ivmktics :nc those medicines which invert the natural action of the stomach, 
so as to cause an ejection of its contents through the mouth, or vomiting. 
When the patient is plethoric, bloodletting should always precede the admin- 
istration of an emetic, as it not only promotes its operation, but prevents 
any injurious rush of blood to the head. When it is required, a full dose of 
the emetic substance is to be administered; but, in the generality of cases, 
it is better to give it in divided doses, frequently repeated, until the desired 
effect is produced. It often happens, when a physician orders an emetic, 
that he will he asked not to give a strong one, as the patient is too weak, etc. ; 
but it should be known that, unless the medicine causes full vomiting, it will 



INTRODUCTION. 75 

create more uneasiness and debility than when it acts in the desired manner. 
When vomiting takes place, it should be encouraged by draughts of tepid 
water or weak chamomile tea, to be repeated after each discharge ; but the 
use of these fluids is not to be carried too far, because, when the stomach is 
gorged with liquids, the action of vomiting is often not fully performed, or is 
wholl} T checked. When the operation of an emetic is too violent, the best 
means of checking it is by the administration of laudanum, or the applica- 
tion of fomentations or warm poultices to the epigastrium ; if these fail, a 
spice plaster or a sinapism to the same part will generally be found effectual. 
If the stomach continues irritable, drink, food, or medicine is to be given in 
very small quantities. There is always much thirst, which patients are very 
apt to endeavor to alleviate by freely taking some fluid ; but this in most 
cases being rejected, the evil is only increased ; the best plan to relieve it is 
to frequently wash the mouth with some cool drink, swallowing as little as 
possible. When the stomach is inactive, and a full dose of an emetic sub- 
stance does not cause vomiting, it is alwaj^s unsafe to repeat the dose, as by 
such a course inflammation may be produced. When the stomach thus resists 
the action of one article, carried to a due extent, it is better to have recourse 
to another, or to endeavor to produce emesis by titillating the fauces and 
throat by means of a feather. Emetics should alwaj^s be given at the time 
ordered by the plrysician, and, as a general rule, on an empty stomach, in 
the morning ; but it is sometimes of benefit to administer them in the evening, 
as, from the exhaustion produced by their operation, a disposition to sleep 
is caused. 

Emmenagogues are medicines which excite or promote the catamenial 
discharge ; but there are, strictly speaking, few remedies which have this 
specific power on the uterus, the majority of them acting by their influence 
on the system generally, or on parts contiguous to the uterus — ergot being 
almost the only article which exercises a direct power on this organ, and 
that rather in increasing its expulsive energy than in promoting the men- 
strual function, though it has been advantageously emp^ed for the latter 
purpose. To insure the successful administration of this class of remedial 
agents, the system must be previously prepared for their use by invigorating 
it, if there are relaxation and debility ; and by an opposite course, if there 
is an undue degree of arterial action. In a majority of cases, the restora- 
tion of the discharge is rather attributable to a proper regulation of the 
system than to any specific power in the emmenagogue administered. 

Epispastics are external applications which are capable of inflaming the 
skin, and causing an effusion of serum beneath the cuticle. These effects 
can be produced by a variety of means ; but that most generally employed 
is the Spanish fly, or cantharides. The mode of applying a blister, and of 
dressing the sore it occasions, is very simple ; but, without special directions 
from the physician, many nurses and attendants on the sick are strangely 
ignorant on the subject. The best preparation of cantharides for blistering 
purposes is the cerate of Spanish flies, or common blistering plaster , this 
will alwaj^s be found effectual, if properly prepared and of good materials. 
It is best spread on soft leather, though linen, muslin, or even stout paper 
will answer. To obtain a prompt action from a blister, it should be spread 
thick ; powdered flies should not be sprinkled on its surface, for, if the plaster 
is well made it requires no such addition ; added to which, the powder is apt 
to adhere to the skin and to give the patient much uneasiness. Before ap- 
plying a blister, the part on which it is to be placed should be well washed 
with soap and water, and thoroughly dried, the hair shaved off, and the skin 
irritated by being rubbed with a coarse towel, or, if this is not sufficient, with 
warm vinegar, spirits of turpentine, etc. The plaster is to be secured to the 
part by means of a bandage ; or, what is better, by means of strips of adhesive 



76 INTRODUCTION. 

plaster, or by coating the margin of the leather or cloth on which the blister 
is spread with the adhesive plaster. Whenever either of the last modes of 
securing a blister is resorted to, it is necessary, to secure its adhesion, that 
the skin be perfectly dry. The plaster should be in perfect contact with the 
skin ; but should not, as is too often the case, be subjected to much pressure, 
for this retards vesication, and is a source of uneasiness to the patient. 

The period generally required for a blister to draw is twelve hours; but 
this is liable to many exceptions : thus, for children, delicate females, and 
for persons with tender skins, a much shorter time is sufficient. The best 
plan, when the patient complains of pain and burning, is to lift the corner 
of the plaster and examine the condition of the skin beneath, and, if it be 
found vesicated or fully reddened, to remove the blister; or, if the skin is 
not sufficiently inflamed, to permit the blister to remain till this result is 
attained. When the skin is sufficiently reddened, but not vesicated, the ap- 
plication of a warm poultice, or of a dressing of basilicon ointment, will 
cause a copious effusion of serum. In cases of children and irritable per- 
sons, or those liable to strangury, this should always be done. To guard 
against this latter, it has been advised to interpose a piece of gauze, fine 
muslin, or tissue paper between the skin and the plaster: these should be 
moistened with oil. It is very doubtful, however, whether this plan is of 
any real advantage. 

In many persons, the action of a blister disposes to sleep ; but in very 
sensitive individuals it causes much irritation ; this may be often obviated 
by the addition of a few grains of extract of hyoscyamus, or of belladonna, 
to the plaster. When it is requisite to cause a blister as rapidly as possible, 
the plaster of Spanish flies must be replaced by other means. In such cases 
paper moistened with oil of cantharides, or with the ethereal extract, 
will be found useful. The application of a pledget, wet with water of am- 
monia, will also act very rapidly. When a still more rapid effect is desired, 
the direct application of heat to the part may be resorted to, by means of a 
disk of polished metal, heated in boiling water, or by applying a piece of wet 
blotting paper to the skin, and passing a hot flatiron over it. 

Some persons have a great dread of blisters, and object to the application 
of a large one ; but, when the full effect of blistering is required, a large one 
should always be applied, for the pain and irritation caused by a large blister 
are x^ry little greater than a small one occasions, whilst the benefit is more 
decided. Still, as the quantity of the discharge is in a great measure equiva- 
lent to the size of the vesication, large blisters depress more than small ones; 
therefore, when they are intended merely as counter-irritants, small blisters 
are to l>e preferred. The size and shape of blisters vary greatly, according 
to the part to which they are to be applied, and the age of the patient. Dr. 
Deuces gives the following as the general size of blisters : — 

For the legs or thighs, from 1 to 8 inches long by 3 to 3J broad. 

For the back, from 7 to 8 inches long by 4 to 4J broad. 

For the thorax, from 8 to 9 inches long by 7 to 8 broad. 

For the Stomach, from 8 to ( .) inches long by G to 7 broad. 

For the abdomen, from 10 to 11 inches long by 8 to 10 broad, if designed 
i.) cover the whole surface. 

For I he ears, from the peculiarity of the shape, the size cannot well be 
defined. 

For the temples, from an inch to an inch and a half in diameter ; they are 
usually circular. 

These are the sizes for adults ; for younger persons they must, of course, 
be proporl ionably smaller. 

The dressing of a blister requires some skill on the part of a nurse ; and 
much pain and Inconvenience will be saved to the patient by the exercise of 



INTRODUCTION. 77 

a little dexterity in the operation. Some trouble will be avoided by having 
everything necessary for the operation in readiness, as the plasters spread, 
bandages ready, etc. Each of the vesicles is to be carefully snipped, with 
the points of a pair of sharp scissors, at their most depending part, and the 
serum evacuated ; but when the vesications are very small and numerous, 
this should not be attempted, as it would occasion unnecessary fatigue to the 
patient. In such case, the larger vesicles only are to be opened, and the 
smaller left till a subsequent dressing, when it is probable they will be found 
much increased in size. The cuticle should not be removed from the surface 
of the blistered part, except when it is wished to keep up a continued dis- 
charge, in which case the cuticle is best removed by the application of a hot 
poultice. When it is wished to heal the blistered surface, the dressing should 
be of simple cerate thinly spread on a linen rag and renewed twice a day. 
When the object is to maintain the discharge for a short time, the dressing 
should consist of basilicon ointment. W T hen a more permanent impression 
is desired, some more stimulating application, as savin ointment, must be 
used. A blistered surface should seldom be washed, as this often causes 
chilliness and fatigue, and is generally useless. Some persons become faint 
when a blister is dressed for the first time : this should not excite alarm, as 
it is a mere sympathetic effect. The plaster for the dressings should not be 
larger than the blistered surface, as it causes irritation of the sound skin 
without aiding the discharge. Blisters sometimes, instead of healing pro- 
perly, become painful and inflamed, and assume the appearance of an eroding 
or a phagedenic sore ; this is best remedied by the application of a soft bread 
and milk poultice, having its surface anointed with fresh lard or cold cream. 
If this does not succeed, a lotion of lime-water and linseed oil will often be 
found effectual ; oxide of zinc ointment will likewise prove useful in some 
cases. When a blistered surface causes much itching and renders the 
patient restless, washing the irritated surface with an infusion of flaxseed or 
slippery elm will, in most cases, relieve the uneasiness. One of the most 
distressing consequences arising from the application of a blister, is the pro- 
duction of strangury, which invariably takes place in some persons when- 
ever a blister is used ; this is remedied by a free exhibition of emollient and 
mucilaginous diluents, opiates by the mouth and as an enema, external 
fomentations to the pubic region, etc. ; in some cases, a clyster of solution 
of sulphate of sodium will act very efficaciously. To prevent its occurrence, 
it has been found of benefit to incorporate camphor and opium with the 
epispastic ointment, say twelve grains of the former and four of the latter, 
for a blister six inches square. It is said that boiling the flies in water, 
previous to their formation into an ointment, will deprive them of the pro- 
perty of causing strangury. 

Errhines are medicines which, snuffed up the nostrils, cause an increased 
discharge of the nasal mucus, and generally the convulsive action of sneez- 
ing. They are now seldom prescribed, though undoubtedly useful in some 
cases ; but they should never be employed in persons disposed to apoplexy, 
or in those affected with hernia, prolapsus uteri, etc. 

Escharotics are topical agents, which, by a chemical or mechanical action, 
are Capable of eroding or disorganizing the solid tissues of the part to which 
they are applied ; those which act mechanically are actual cauteries, as a 
heated iron, moxa, etc. ; those which act chemically are caustics, as fused 
potassa, nitrate of silver, and chloride of zinc. In cauterizing with a heated 
iron, this should be at a white heat, as, at this temperature, it occasions less 
pain to the patient, from its causing an immediate death of the part to which 
it is applied. In applying it to any part, the surface should be protected by 
some non-conductor of heat, but not by wet paper or cloth, as the sudden 
extrication of steam will produce a blistered surface around the burn, and 



78 INTRODUCTION. 

will much increase the pain. The hot iron is rarely employed in this country, 
except to arrest hemorrhage; in leech bites, where the usual means of stop- 
ping the bleeding are ineffectual, the application of the end of a heated wire 
to the wound will, in most cases, be found effectual. Another mode of apply- 
ing the actual cautery is by means of moxa. This term is used for a small 
cone or cylinder of some slowly burning substance, applied to the skin, set 
fire to, and suffered to burn slowly for a length of time proportionate to the 
effect intended to be produced ; this is a very painful operation, and seldom 
employed in the United States. The chemical cauterants are numerous, and 
of various degrees of activity. In using the most powerful of them, caustic 
potassa, some precautions are necessary, owing to its great deliquescence; 
when it is employed to form an issue, layers of adhesive plaster should be 
placed on the skin, with a hole of the proper size cut in their centre, through 
which the caustic can be applied without danger of its spreading. The 
chloride of zinc, which is an excellent cauterant, is generally emplo c yed by 
forming it into a paste with flour. The chloride of antimon} r , though very 
powerful, from being a fluid, is difficult to manage, but has been advanta- 
geously used in cases of poisoned wounds. 

Expectorants are medicines which promote the expulsion of mucus or 
other matters from the air-passages. It is an ill-defined class of remedies, 
and is extremely uncertain in its action ; but we cannot, in this place, ex- 
amine the propriety of retaining a division of the materia medica, the articles 
composing which act in an obscure and by no means regular manner, and in 
almost all cases by a remote or secondary influence of a nauseating or seda- 
tive character. At the same time, daily experience proves that much benefit 
is derived, in diseases of the respiratory organs, from the administration of 
substances which are usually considered expectorants, in whatever way they 
may primarily act on the system. No class of remedies has been more pro- 
ductive of injury than that of so-called cough medicines ; nor in any one has 
quackery exercised a more unbounded sway. It is too common for persons 
to resort to their use in cough and catarrh without consulting a physician, 
thus often aggravating a trifling irritation until it becomes a serious, and 
oftentimes a fatal, inflammation ; for, as many of the articles composing 
them, especially those most frequently employed in domestic and empirical 
practice, are stimulants, much mischief is apt to follow their indiscriminate 
use. The following rules should be observed in the exhibition of expecto- 
rants — and should always be enforced on the patient. The surface of the 
body should be kept moderately warm, so as to promote a gentle diaphoresis, 
and nothing done that may interfere with the primary operation of the remedy 
on the nervous, lymphatic, or muscular systems, by the secondary effect of 
which the lungs are benefited; hence, the use of any that excite diuresis, and 
more especially of purging, should be avoided; nor should the patient be 
allowed to indulge his appetite in food or drinks of a stimulating character. 

Narcotics are medicines which lessen the manifestation of vital phenomena 
dependent upon the nervous system, especially deadening sensibility and 
diminishing the motor power: their full operations produce sleep, or even 
coma. The objects most generally in view in the administration of these 
articles are the production of sleep, or the alleviation of pain. No medicines 
are BO much modified in their action by idiosyncrasy and habit. This does 
not, extend to them as a class, but to each individually; hence, it is of im- 
portance that, a physician should ascertain from a patient, before prescribing 
a narcotic, whether he has been long or frequently in the habit of using it, 
Or whether it causes any unpleasant effects upon him, so that some other 
article of t he class may he sulisl it uted. As regards the time at which a 

narcol lc should !>e given, it. depends upon the cause for which it is to be ad- 
ministered. Thus, if prescribed to allay pain, it may be given at any time, 



IXTEODUCTION". 79 

and repeated as long as the pain remains ; if to procure sleep, it is best 
given at night, and so late as to prevent the patient from being disturbed 
before it produces its full effect ; otherwise, it is apt to exercise a stimulating 
action. In many persons, the secondary effect of opium is to cause much 
nausea and headache after its narcotic action has ceased, which are best re- 
lieved by a cup of strong coffee, or by vegetable acids. When, however, 
this or any other narcotic produces these consequences, its use should be 
relinquished, and some other substituted. 

Refrigerants are remedies which are supposed to diminish the heat of 
the body without causing a marked diminution of sensibility or nervous 
energy, and they are thought to do this, whether administered internally or 
applied externally ; but it is very doubtful whether any medicines act as in- 
ternal refrigerants independently of the coldness of the medium in which 
they are administered, except in a secondary manner. Diaphoretics act as 
refrigerants by inducing an increase of superficial evaporation ; sedatives, by 
lessening the force and rapidity of the circulation ; purgatives, and especially 
the saline, by the copious watery evacuations they produce. The great re- 
frigerant is cold water, whether applied topically or given internally. As a 
topical application, it is often mixed with fluids of greater volatility, that, 
by a more rapid evaporation, a proportionate abstraction of heat may take 
place. 

Sedatives are those remedial agents which diminish muscular tonicity, 
and the manifestation of nervous influence, even to the production of sjm- 
cope, or a suspension, for a certain time, of the functions of the systems 
affected. Some act generally ; others more locally. Bloodletting and tartar 
emetic are examples of the first ; hydrocyanic acid, of the second. Most of 
the articles of this class are capable, if given in too large doses, or too long 
continued, of producing a depression of the vital powers which may induce 
death ; and hence require to be administered with much care and judgment. 

Sialagogues are medicines which induce an increased secretion from the 
salivary glands. The modes in which the articles composing this class act 
are various. Some are merely local irritants, as pellitory, horseradish, etc. ; 
and, when chewed, produce such a local stimulation of the salivary glands 
as to produce a copious effusion of saliva and mucus. Another and more 
important section includes such articles as evince their sialagogue powers in 
a secondary manner, which does not take place until a powerful impression 
has been made on the system generally ; to this belong mercury, gold, etc., 
and their preparations. In the first of these divisions, their medicinal 
powers depend wholly on sialagogue effects ; hence, they are merely useful 
as counter-irritants ; the local stimulation, and consequent increased secre- 
tion produced by their action, often acting advantageously in relieving in- 
flammations and congestions of adjoining parts. The curative value of 
internal sialagogues, however, is not dependent on the salivary flow they 
occasion, for though, in many cases, this may be very great, yet it is not 
essential to their remedial action, and may, in fact, rather be considered as a 
proof that their full constitutional influence has been attained. 

In administering mercury with a view to the production of its constitu- 
tional effect, it should always be recollected that, if it be permitted to exert 
its sialagogue powers to any great extent, it always causes great distress to 
the patient, without producing a beneficial effect on the disease ; and its ope- 
ration should, therefore, be closely watched. The condition of the gums 
should be examined daily, and, as soon as they display evidence of the action 
of the remedy, it should be discontinued, or given at longer intervals. The 
constitution of the patient should be sedulously attended to, as mercurials 
are apt to produce unpleasant consequences in delicate, nervous individuals, 
and are badly bcrne by the aged, who have suffered from previous attacks of 



80 INTRODUCTION. 

illness. It is always dangerous to push them to salivation in children, as it 
frequently produces sloughing of the gums and cheeks. When too great a 
degree of salivation has been induced by the mercurials, it is of importance 
to check it as speedily as possible. This is to be attempted by cool air, and 
by washing the mouth with an infusion of some vegetable astringent, a solu- 
tion of opium, or one of acetate of lead ; this latter is very efficacious, but 
has the property of rendering the teeth black. Marked benefit has also been 
derived from a weak solution of chloride of soda ; much reliance is placed 
by some practitioners on the preparations of sulphur, especially the soluble 
sulphurets, both as a wash in solution, and administered as a powder. An 
infusion of the smooth sumach {Rhus glabra), as well as a strong solution 
of borax, has likewise been found very useful as a local application. When 
the inflammation is severe, the administration of cathartics, especially the 
saline, is requisite, and in some cases blisters and leeches. Where a tendency 
to slough exists, the application of diluted pyroligneous acid will be found 
advantageous. 

Stimulants are remedies which increase the vital activity of the system, 
or of a single organ, the first being termed general, and the latter local 
stimulants. Much discrimination and caution are required in the adminis- 
tration of articles of this class, because, if given when inflammation is pre- 
sent, they are liable to create more mischief than benefit ; but they are called 
for when, on the decline of that condition of an organ, or organs, a state of 
relaxation or torpidity exists. In this state of things, a gentle stimulation 
inateriall} 7 assists the functions, and is productive of much benefit. 

Tonics are closely allied to stimulants, and some of them act in this 
manner ; but most of them do not cause any sensible excitation of the s}~stem, 
whilst, at the same time, they gradually impart tone and activity to the vital 
powers. With the exception of iron, most tonics act primarily on the nervous 
system, and secondarily on the muscular, on which latter their power is most 
distinctly marked. Iron appears to act in a different manner, by altering or 
improving the condition of the blood, and consequently increasing the tone 
of the system. One of the most valuable properties of many articles of 
this class is that of curing diseases of a periodic type ; in what manner, it 
is difficult to explain, as the laws that govern periodicity are but little 
understood. 

In prescribing the antiperiodic tonics in fevers, as cinchona and its salts, 
their use should be confined to the intermissions, and, in most cases, in as 
large doses as the stomach will bear with impunit}^, so timing the doses that 
one may be taken a short time before the expected paroxysm. Quinia and 
its preparations, although eminently antiperiodic, are not possessed of the 
tonic properties of the bark itself, and, in the large doses recommended of 
Late, are apt to induce unpleasant affections of the head, as vertigo, ringing 
in the ears, headache, and mental delusions. In administering arsenic as an 
antiperiodic, its effects should be carefully watched, and be discontinued 
when it causes constitutional symptoms, as vertigo, and oedema; nor should 
it be given in debilitated habits, and where the pulse is weak and feeble. It 
is better, in nil cases, to commence its use in small doses, and to increase 
them iinlil the stomach is somewhat affected, when the quantity is to be 
diminished, or even discontinued. 

Management op Convalescence and Relapses. 

The management of a patient, after the cessation of an attack of disease, 
and when he is declared convalescent, is of equal importance with the treat- 
ment during the continuance of the malady; and yet it is one strangely 
neglected by the physician, and is too often trusted to nurses and friends. 



INTRODUCTION. 81 

In all recoveries from sickness, the organs or parts which have been affected 
remain for some time in an excitable condition, and liable to recurrence of 
the disease on the slightest provocation ; and it is of much consequence to 
inquire what causes operate most frequently in thus producing a relapse. It 
will be found that they generally consist in the indulgence in food, either in 
too great quantity, or of an improper character, or in the too early or im- 
prudent exposure to the weather, or in over-exertion of any kind. 

Diet. — The stomach, in common with every other part of the body, surfers 
from a diminution of its normal vigor and power of digestion, and, as a 
necessary consequence, when food of too nutritious a character is taken into 
it, it is unable to digest it properly ; hence, part of it remains in an undi- 
gested state, oppressing the weakened organ, and is either rejected by vomit- 
ing, or causes diarrhoea; or, if the stomach is capable of converting it into 
nourishment, an undue stimulation of that organ ensues, which will result 
in fever. This latter state of things is also induced by the administration 
of stimulating drinks. No animal substance, in any form, should be allowed 
during the continuance of acute febrile disease, nor immediately after its 
cessation. When it is permitted, it should be at first as little stimulating as 
possible, and in small quantities at a time; but it is to be gradually increased 
in quantity and quality as the patient gains strength. An invalid should be 
very cautious in the use of certain articles, considered by nurses and others 
as peculiarly nourishing and proper for the sick, namely, animal jellies of 
all kinds. These are exceedingly indigestible, even in a state of perfect 
health — added to which, they are, in most cases, rendered highly stimulating 
by the addition of wine or spices. 

Exercise. — Another frequent cause of a relapse is over-exertion, from the 
common, but erroneous, notion that a convalescent will not recover his 
strength, except he takes as much exercise as he can bear. Properly regu- 
lated exertion is highly serviceable ; but it should never be carried so far as 
to produce exhaustion, and should be pursued for some time in-doors, before 
it be attempted in the open air ; the latter, at first, should always take place 
in a carriage, that can be opened or closed at will ; the patient may then 
attempt short walks in the open air ; but, in all cases, it is of importance that 
he is not unduly fatigued, as otherwise injury instead of benefit will be the 
result. One of the most serious errors, committed with regard to exertion, 
is that of permitting a convalescent to sit up too frequently, or for too long 
a time, under the mistaken notion of giving him strength. A patient should 
never be allowed to sit up longer than is agreeable to his feelings, and never 
so long as to produce a sense of fatigue. 

Air. — Great care must be taken that an invalid is not exposed to cold or 
damp air, especially if his skin be disposed to moisture ; to guard him from 
sudden changes of temperature, he should wear flannel next to his skin, and 
have his feet well protected by warm stockings. In every convalescence, 
from whatever disease, country air is far more invigorating than the vitiated 
atmosphere of towns ; but care must be exercised in the selection of the 
location, as to its freedom from malaria, etc., for it is far preferable that he 
should remain within the precincts of the city, than expose himself to the 
influence of causes which act with peculiar activity on a system debilitated 
by previous disease. 

6 



FORMULARY 



ABSINTHIUM. 

Wormwood. 

This name is applied to several species of 
Artemisia, all, however, possessing the same 
properties. That recognized in the U. S. 
Pharmacopoeia, and most generally em- 
ployed, is A. absinthium, a native of Europe, 
and commonly cultivated in our gardens. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. As- 
teraceae. 

Linn. Sp. PL 1188. Griffith, Med. Bot. 405. 

The parts used are the leaves and the tops 
or extremities of the branches. These have 
a grayish- white color ; a soft, silky feel, a 
fragrant odor, and a very hitter taste. They 
impart their properties to water or alcohol. 

Wormwood has been employed as a stimu- 
lating tonic, in various forms of dyspepsia, 
in amenorrhcea, chronic leucorrhcea, gout, 
verminose affections, etc. It is given in a 
variety of forms. 



Infusion of Wormwood. 

R. Wormwood, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. 

Brande. 
The tisane of wormwood of the Paris 
Codex is a weak infusion, made in the pro- 
portion of 1 of wormwood to 200 of boiling 
water. 



Extract of Wormwood. 

R. Wormwood, two parts. 

Alcohol, 

Water, each, six parts. 

Digest for 24 hours, express and treat the 
residue again with a mixture of 

Alcohol, 

Water, each, three parts. 

Mix the expressed liquids, filter, and evapo- 
rate to the proper consistence. Dose, ten 
to twenty grains. Tonic and stomachic. 

Ph. Germ. 



Clyster of Wormwood. 

R. Wormwood,) 

Rue, I each, three drachms. 

Savin, ) 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Boil, strain, and add to each half pint 

Castor oil, half an ounce. 

Foy. 



B 



one part, 
sufficient. 



Tincture of Worm-wood. 

Wormwood, 
Alcohol, sp. gr. 914, 

Obtain by displacement, five parts of tinc- 
ture. Tonic, stomachic, and vermifuge. 
Dose, from twenty drops to two fl. drachms. 
Paris Codex. 
The tincture of Ph. Germ, is of the 
same strength. 



Alkaline Tincture of Wormwood. 



Wormwood, 1 
Tansy, ' 

Centaury, j 
Bog Bean, 
Alcohol, 



each, eight parts. 



one hundred and 

twenty parts. 

Carbonate of potassium, one part. 

Digest for six days, and filter. Dose, one 

or two fl. drachms. In dyspepsia and 

flatulent colic. Hoffmann. 



R 



Syrup of Wormwood. 

Wormwood, two ounces. 

Boiling water, twenty fl. ounces. 
Infuse for six hours, strain, add for every 
ten ounces of the filtered liquor, nineteen 
ounces of sugar, and make a syrup. Dose, 
a tablespoonful. Paris Codex. 

(83) 



84 



ACACIA 



"Wine of Wormwood. 
R. Wormwood, three parts. 

Alcohol, 60 per ct., six parts. 

Good white wine, one hundred 

parts. 

Digest the wormwood in the alcohol for 24 
hours ; then add the wine, macerate for ten 
days, express, and filter. Dose, one to two 
tablespoonfuls. Paris Codex. 



Oil of Worm-wood. 
R. Tops of wormwood, one part. 
Olive oil, ten parts. 

Heat for two hours on a water-bath, stirring 
often, express, and filter. As an embroca- 
tion to the abdomen, in cardialgia, diar- 
rhoea, etc. Paris Codex. 



Essential Oil of Wormwood. 

R. Tops of wormwood, at will. 

Water, sufficient. 

Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the 
product. Dose, two to four drops several 
times a day. Paris Codex. 

Compound Spirit of Wormwood. 

R. Wornrwood, four pounds. 

Juniper, eight ounces. 

Cinnamon, two ounces. 

half an ounce. 

seventeen 

pounds. 

Macerate for fourteen days, distil twelve 

pounds, pour back and re-distil ten pounds. 

Guibourt. 



Angelica root, 
Alcohol, 34 per ct., 



Ratafia of Wormwood. 
R. White sugar, 

Water, each, forty ounces. 

Dissolve, and add 

Orange-flower water, six fl. ounces, 

previously beaten with 
White of egg, one. 

Then add 

Compound spirit of 

wormwood, fifty-six fl. ounces. 
Heat on a water-bath, cool, and filter. 

Guibourt. 



ACACIA. 

Gum Arabic. 



This pum is derived from several species 
of Acacia, aa A. vera, A. Senegal, A. arabica, 
etc. 



Sex. Syst. Polygam. moncecia. Nat. Syst. 
Fabaceae. 

Willdenow, Sp. PI. iv. 1056. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 270. 

In tears or fragments of various sizes, 
often rounded ; colorless or of a yellow- 
ish tint, semi-transparent, inodorous, of 
a slightly sweetish mucilaginous taste. 
Wholly soluble in water, forming a muci- 
lage. Insoluble in alcohol. Demulcent 
and nutritive. 



Compound Powder Of Gum Arabic. 

R. Powdered gum 

Arabic, three parts. 

Powdered liquorice 

root, two parts. 

Powdered sugar, one part. 

Mix. Demulcent and mild expectorant. 
Used as a vehicle for heavy insoluble pow- 
ders. Ph. Germ. 



Mucilage of Gum Arabic. 

R. Gum Arabic, in small 

fragments, four ounces. 

Water, half a pint. 

Add the water to the gum, agitate occa- 
sionally till the mucilage is formed. Strain. 
U. S. Ph. and Ph. Germ. 
Brit. Ph. dissolves two parts of gum 
Arabic, in pieces, in three parts of water. 
Paris Codex directs equal weights of pow- 
dered gum and water. 

Principally used to suspend insoluble 
powders, or to diffuse oily and resinous sub- 
stances through aqueous fluids. 



Mixture of Gum Arabic. 
R. Powdered gum Arabic, 

Powdered sugar, each, three parts. 

Water, thirty-two parts. 

Dissolve. Demulcent and emollient. Used 

to appease cough and to allay irritation, 

also as a vehicle for other medicines. 

Ph. Germ. 



Gum Lozenges. 
R. Powdered gum Arabic, one ounce. 
Powdered sugar, nine ounces. 

Orajige-flower water, six drachms. 
Mix and form into lozenges weighing fif- 
teen grains each. A useful article to allay 
irritation of the throat in catarrh. 

Paris Codex. 



Pectoral Paste of Gum Arabic. 
R. Gum Arabic, two pounds. 

Dissolve in water, and add 

Sugar, one pound and a half. 



ACETOSELLA. — ACETUM 



85 



Evaporate to a proper consistence, 
adding 
Orange-flower 

water, three fl. drachms. 

Employed to allay irritation, like the last. 

Foy. 



Pate de Guimauve. 
R. Gum Arabic, white, two pounds. 

White sugar, two pounds. 

Whites of eggs, twelve. 

Double orange-flower 

water, four fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the gum in two pounds of water, 
strain, heat by a water-bath, add the sugar, 
and evaporate, continually stirring, to the 
consistence of honey ; then add the whites 
of eggs previously beaten, and the orange- 
flower water, and continue to beat the mix- 
ture until it does not adhere when applied 
to the back of the hand ; pour on a marble 
slab and keep in boxes, covered with a mix- 
ture of three parts of starch and one of 
sugar. Paris Codex. 



Gum Arabic Paste. 
R. Gum Arabic, one pound. 

Dissolve on a water- 
bath, in water, eight fl. ounces. 
Evaporate to the consistence of honey. 
Add 

Whites of eggs, six. 

Orange-flower water, two ounces. 
Beat well together. When sufficiently con- 
sistent, run into moulds. 
Used to appease cough and allay irritation. 

Beral. 



Syrup of Gum Arabic. 
R. Gum Arabic, in pieces, two ounces. 
Sugar, fourteen ounces. 

Water, eight fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the gum in the water without 
heat, then the sugar with a gentle heat, 
and strain. A good addition to pectoral 
and other mixtures. U. S. Ph. 

Ph. Germ, directs this to be prepared 
by mixing one part of the mucilage with 
three parts of simple syrup. 



Compound Syrup of Gum Arabic. 
R. Syrup of gum Arabic, four fl. ozs. 

Sulphate of morphia, one grain. 

Oil of sassafras, one drop. 

Hoffman's anodyne, half fl. drm. 
Mix. Known as Jackson's cough syrup, 
and much used in catarrhs, etc. Dose, a 
tablespoonful every three hours. Jackson. 



Linctus of Gum Arabic. 
R. Gum Arabic, one part. 

Clarified honey, three parts. 

Incorporate the gum with the honey. The 
dose is a teaspoonful occasionally, to re- 
lieve irritation of the throat in catarrh. 

Beral. 



Wendt's Mixture of Gum Arabic. 

R. Mucilage gum Arabic, 

Linden-flower water, equal parts. 

Found useful in doses of a teaspoonful 
every hour in the diarrhoea of infants. 

Radius. 



ACETOSELLA. 

Wood Sorrel. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. Pentag. Nat. Syst. 
Oxalidaceae. Lindley. 

Oxalis acetosella. Linn. Torrey and Gray, 
Fl. i. 211. Griffith, Med. Bot. 208. 

A native of Europe and the United States. 
The whole plant is used. It is agreeably 
acid, from its containing abinoxalate of po- 
tassium. It is refreshing and cooling, and 
is said to be useful in scorbutic affections. 

The fresh herb is used in doses of one 
drachm, the aqueous extract, now rarely 
made, in doses of a scruple to half a drachm. 



ACETUM. 

YlNEGAR. 

Impure and very dilute acetic acid, con- 
taining about five per cent, of real acid. It 
is the result of acetous fermentation of any 
fluid which is susceptible of vinous fermen- 
tation. It is principally obtained in Europe 
from malt or weak wine, and in this country 
from cider. It should be distilled for phar- 
maceutical use. 

It is employed internally as a refrigerant 
and diuretic, and is a grateful addition to 
diluent drinks in febrile affections. It is 
also sometimes used as a clyster. Exter- 
nally it is beneficial as a fomentation, and 
likewise forms a useful addition to gargles 
and collyria. U. IS. JDis. 



Vinegar Mixture. 
R. Vinegar, three fl. ounces. 

Honey, two fl. ounces. 

Water, three pints. 

Mix. As a cooling drink in fevers. 

Amnion. 

R. Vinegar, one fl. ounce. 

Acetic ether, one fl. drachm. 

Syrup of raspberries, three fl. ozs. 
Water, two pints. 

Mix. As a refreshing drink in fevers. 

Aut 



86 



ACHILLEA. — ACIDUM ACETICUM, 



Mixture of Vinegar and Cardamom. 



R. Vinegar, 



one fl. clrachrn. 



Comp. tincture of 

cardamom, 
Simple syrup, each, half a fl. oz. 
Water, ten fl. ounces. 

Mix. To be taken in such portions as the 
stomach can bear. In sick headache. 



Vinegar "Wash. 

R. Wine vinegar, 

Alcohol, each, one ounce. 

Water, twelve ounces. 

Mix. As a diaphoretic wash in fevers, and 
diluted with water as an application to 
contusions. Berends. 



Gargle of Vinegar. 

R. Vinegar, two parts. 

Honey, 

Barley water, each, eight parts. 
Mix. As a mouth-wash or gargle in in- 
flamed fauces. Soubeiran. 
R. Vinegar, two fl. drachms. 

Chloride of ammonium, one 

drachm. 

Hone}', one and a half fl. ounces. 

Water, twelve fl. ounces. 

Mix. As a gargle in inflamed fauces. 

Hatier. 



Syrup of Vinegar. 

R. Vinegar, twenty ounces. 

Sugar, thirty-five ounces. 

Dissolve by a gentle heat. Par. Cod. 

Mixed with water, this forms a pleasant 
and refreshing drink in febrile complaints. 
Dose, half to one iluidounce. 



Vinegar Cataplasm. 

R. Vinegar, one part. 

Flour, three parts. 

Make cataplasm. An astringent and anti- 
septic application. B6ral. 



Distilled Vinegar. 

Distil a gallon of vinegar by means of a 
Band-bath, from a glass retort into a glass 
receiver. Discontinue the process when 
Bevei] pints shall have been distilled, and 
keep i nese for use. U. S. Ph. 



ACHILLEA. 

Yarrow. Milfoil. 

A. millefolium is indigenous to Europe, 
but has been naturalized in this country. 
It is an herbaceous plant two to three feet 
high. 

Sex. Syst. Syugen. Polyg. superfl. Nat. 
Syst. Com posit se. 

The parts employed are the leaves and 
flowering tops. The lea res are finely di- 
vided, with linear segments; the flowers are 
in numerous heads, with whitish ray and 
disk florets. They have a peculiar aromatic 
odor reminding of chamomile, and an aro- 
matic bitter, slightly astringent, taste. They 
are stimulating, tonic, and somewhat astrin- 
gent. Dose, half to one ounce a day in tho 
form of infusion. 



Extract of Yarrow. 
B. Yarrow leaves, 

Yarrow flowers, each, equal parts. 
Exhaust with diluted alcohol and evapo- 
rate to the proper consistence. 

Ph. Germ. 
Dose, ten to thirty grains, in pills or mix- 
tures. 



Mixture of Yarrow. 
B. Extract of yarrow, one drachm. 

Borax, one scruple. 

Chamomile water, six ounces. 

Dissolve. Two tablespoonfuls every two 
hours, in amenorrhcea. Hildenbrand. 



ACIDUM ACETICUM. 

Acetic Acid. 

This acid is obtained from wood by de- 
structive distillation and subsequent purifi- 
cation. It is a colorless liquid having a 
pungent odor free from empyreuma. 

Sp. (jr. 1.047, U.S. Ph.; 1.044, Brit. Ph., 
1.040, Ph. Germ. 



Glacial Acetic Acid. 
(Sp. gr. 1.0G5.) 
It is obtained by distillation from an an- 
hydrous acetate and sulphuric acid ; or from 
a mixture of an anhydrous acetate and bi- 
Bulphate of potassium. At a mean tempe- 
rature it is liquid, but it crystallizes at about 
34° and remains crystalline until the tem- 
perature rises to 48°. Its specific gravity is 
increased by adding ten per cent, of water. 



T~ 

Diluted Acetic Acid. 

(Sp. gr. 1.00G.) 
B. Acetic acid, a pint. 

Distilled water, seven pints. 

Mix. Brit. Ph. and U. S. Ph. 



ACIDTJM ACETICUM. 



87 



This is the pure vinegar of Ph. Germ. 
which has the sp. gr. 1.008. 



Camphorated Acetic Acid. 

R. Powdered camphor, half an ounce. 
Acetic acid, six and a half fluid- 
ounces. 
Dissolve. Ed. Pharm. 1841. 



Aromatic Spirit ofVinegar (Aromatic 
Acetic Acid, or Aromatic Vinegar). 

R. Glacial acetic acid, twenty troy- 
ounces. 

Camphor, two troy ounces. 

Oil of lavender, eight minims. 

Oil of cinnamon, fifteen minims. 

Oil of cloves, half a drachm. 

Mix. To be kept in a glass-stoppered bot- 
tle. Paris Codex. 



R. Glacial acetic acid, 



twent3^-five 
parts. 
nine parts. 



Oil of cloves, 
Oil of lavender, 
f Oil of lemon, each, six parts. 

Oil of bergamot, 

Oil of tl^me, each, three parts. 
Oil of cinnamon, one part. 

Dissolve. PA. Germ. 

Cooley gives a similar formula, with the 
addition of one and a half parts of camphor. 

Aromatic vinegar is used as a pungent 
and reviving perfume in fainting, etc. As 
it is corrosive, it should not be allowed to 
come in contact with the skin or clothes. 
It is also prepared in the dry way, as fol- 
lows : — 

R. Crystallized acetate 

of sodium, one drachm. 

Sulphuric acid, twenty drops. 

Oil of lemons, 
Oil of cloves, each, three drops. 

Mix, and keep in a glass-stoppered bottle. 

Gray. 

The above substitutes for Henry's aroma- 
tic spirit of vinegar are very pungent per- 
fumes. 



Acetic Acid Cataplasm. 

R. Rye meal, three parts. 

Diluted acetic acid, one part. 

Mix. Used as an application to ill-condi- 
tioned ulcers. Taddei. 



Acetic Acid Mixture. 
R. Diluted acetic acid, one ounce. 
Simple syrup, half an ounce. 

Water, four ounces. 

Mix. (See Yinegar Mixture.) In scarla- 
tina. Dose, for a child nine years old, one 
to two tablespoonfuls every four hours. 

Brown. 



Camphorated Vinegar. 
R. Camphor, 

Glacial acetic acid, each, one part. 
Yinegar, forty parts. 

Powder the camphor with some of the 
acetic acid, add the remainder, then gradu- 
ally the vinegar, agitate occasionally for 
several days, and filter. Paris Codex. 

R. Powdered camphor, three parts. 

Yinegar, one hundred parts. 

Dissolve by agitation. Raspail. 



Acetic Acid Clyster. 
R. Barley water, six fl. ounces. 

Diluted acetic 

acid, one to three fl. ounces. 
Mix. The proportion of diluted acid may 
be varied according to the indication. Has 
been advised in obstinate constipation, ileus, 
etc. Swediaur. 



Aromatic or Prophylactic Vinegar. 
R. Oil of rosemary,") , 

Oil of juniper, I eacn ' 

Oil of lemon, } one part. 

Oil of thyme, two parts. 

Oil of cloves, five parts. 

Tincture of cinnamon, one hundred 

parts. 
Aromatic tincture, fifty parts. 

Acetic acid, two hundred parts. 
Water, one thousand parts. 

Mix by agitation, and after three days, 
filter. Ph. Germ. 

This is intended as a substitute for the 
complicated formula formerly used for 
Thieves' vinegar, at one time so celebrated 
as a preservative against the plague. It 
has no advantages over it. 



Vinegar of the Four Thieves. 
R. Wormwood, 

Roman wormwood, 
Rosemary, 

Sage, 
Mint, 
Rue, 



each, one 

ounce and 

a half. 



88 ACIDUM ACETICUM. — ACIDUM AESENIOSUM, 



each, two drachms. 



Lavender flowers, two ounces 

Garlic, 

Calamus, 

Cinnamon, V 

Cloves, 

Nutmegs, 

Distilled vinegar, eight pints. 

Digest by a moderate heat, in a closely 
stopped matrass, for twelve days, strain, 
express, and filter, then add one ounce of 
camphor dissolved in alcohol. Lewis. 



ACIDUM ACETICUM EM- 
PYRE U MAT IC UM. 

Pyroligneotjs Acid. 

Pyroligneous acid (sp. gr. 1.034) is an im- 
pure acetic acid, obtained by a destructive 
distillation of wood. It contains creasote, 
empyre umatic oil, etc., and has been em- 
ployed in gangrene to correct the fetor and 
to promote the separation of sloughs, and 
also as an application to unhealthy ulcers. 
U. S. Dis. Dunglison, N.R. 6th ed. p. 13. 



Mouth Wash. 
R. Pyroligneous acid, half a fl. oz. 
Cinnamon water, four fl. ounces. 
Syrup of mulberries, two fl. ozs. 
Mix. Used as a mouth-wash in cancrum 
oris. It should be kept in an opaque glass 
vessel to prevent decomposition. 

Phoebus. 



Injection of Pyroligneous Acid. 
R. Pyroligneous acid, two fl. drms. 

Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. In purulent discharges from the ear. 

Buchanan. 



Cataplasm of Pyroligneous Acid. 
R. Bran, half a pound. 

Linseed meal, one ounce. 

Mix well, and add Pyroligneous acid, q. s. 
to make a cataplasm. As an" application 
to foul ulcers. lieece. 



ACIDUM AltSENIOSTJM. 
White Arsenic. 

Arsenions acid is found in the Bhops, in 
the form of semi-transparent or opaque 
lumps, "i- in tli.it of a heavy white, powder. 

It has no smell, and its taste is slightly 
acrid. I' Is volatile at a red beat, giving off 
white fames of a garlic-like odor. Extreme- 
ly poisonous ;ind corrosive, even in minute 
Dose, ,', ; tli to /.th of ;i grain. 

U. 8. Dis. 



Arsenical Powder. 

R. White arsenic, one part. 

Calomel, one hundred and 

ninety-nine parts. 

Mix. Eecommended in obstinate cases of 

lepra and cancerous ulcers. Dupuytren. 



Compound Powder of White Arsenic. 

R. White arsenic, ten parts. 

Powdered dragon's 

blood, three parts. 

Animal charcoal, two parts. 

Cinnabar, thirty parts. 

Mix, and triturate well. Has been used in 
the same description of cases. Known as 
Cosme's arsenical powder. Ph. Germ. 

R. White arsenic, one part. 

Kino, eight parts. 

Cinnabar, sixteen parts. 

Mix, and triturate well. Ratter. 

Employed in the French hospitals as a 
caustic to cancerous sores. 

R. White arsenic, one part. 

Cinnabar, five parts. 

Burnt sponge, two parts. 

Mix well. - Paris Codex. 

Used as an escharotic ; about three times 

stronger than the preceding, and half the 

strength of Cosme's powder. 



Arsenical Ointment. 
R. White arsenic, one drachm. 

Lard, 

Spermaceti cerate, each, six 

drachms. 

Melt the cerate and lard by a gentle heat, 
and add the arsenic ; triturate well in a 
glass mortar till perfectly united. 

Soubeiran. 
R. Cosme's arsenical 

powder, one part. 

Hellmund's narcotico- 

balsamic ointment, eight parts. 
Mix thoroughly. Ph. Germ. 



Arsenical Cerate. 
R. Powdered white arsenic, 

one scruple. 
Simple cerate, one ounce. 

Mix the arsenic with the cerate softened by 
heat, and triturate well. 



Solution of Arsenic. 
R. White arsenic, one scruple. 

Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 



ACIDUM BENZOICUM. — ACIDUM BORACICUM. 89 



Dissolve. This and the foregoing oint- 
ments have been employed as applications 
to cancerous sores, but are always danger- 
ous from 'the posionous symptoms induced 
by the absorption of the arsenic. 



Arsenical Pills. 
R. White arsenic, two grains. 

Powdered opium, three grains. 

White soap, eight grains. 

Powdered liquorice root, q. s. 

Mix well and divide into twenty pills. Each 
of these pills contains y^th of a grain of 
arsenic. They have been given in doses of 
one or two three times a day, according to 
circumstances, in diseases of an intermit- 
tent character. Ellis. 



Arsenic and Pepper Pills. 

R. White arsenic, one grain. 

Black pepper, twelve grains. 

Gum Arabic, two grains. 

Distilled water, q. s. 

Triturate the arsenic and pepper for a long 
time, add the gum and water, and rub well 
together. Make twelve pills ; each of 
which will contain y^th of a grain of arsenic. 

Guibourt. 

R. White arsenic, fifty-five grains. 
Powdered black pepper, 

nine drachms. 
Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and make eight hundred pills. One 
daily in chronic psoriasis. 

Cazenave and Schedel. 



Pills of Arsenic and Opium. 

R. Arsenious acid, two grains. 

Powdered opium, eight grains. 

Soap, one scruple. 

Beat together and divide into twenty-four 
pills. One to be taken three times a day. 
Have been found useful in intermittent 
fevers, periodical headaches, neuralgia, and 
lepra. A. T. Thomson. 



ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 
Benzoic Acid. 

R. Benzoin, a pound. 

Put it into a flat-bottomed iron dish on a 
sand-bath, gradually increase the heat, pass 
the vapors through a sheet of filtering paper 
into a receiver of thick well-sized paper, 
and remove from the latter the benzoic 



acid from time to time, as long as it sub- 
limes without much empyreuma. U. S. Ph. 

Benzoic acid is in the form of white, 
feathery hexagonal crystals, when chemi- 
cally pure having no odor, but usually with 
an agreeable smell from the presence of oil. 
The taste is acid and acrid. It is converted 
into hippuric acid, and voided by the urine 
when taken by man, and has been recom- 
mended in the uric acid diathesis and gout, 
but does not appear to be of any benefit. It 
has, however, been serviceable in catarrh of 
the bladder, and where there is a secretion 
of granular mucus with phosphates. It is 
also beneficial as a stimulating expectorant. 
Dose, ten to fifteen grains. 



Mixture of Benzoic Acid and 
Copaiba. 

R. Benzoic acid, one drachm. 

Copaiba, half fl. ounce. 

White of egg, q. s. 

Camphor water, seven fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, two tablespoonfuls three times 
a day. Eecommended in chronic dysuria 
and vesical irritation. Walker. 



Powder of Benzoic Acid and 
Ipecacuanha. 

R. Benzoic acid, two scruples. 

Ipecacuanha, six grains. 
Golden sulphur of 

antimony, three grains. 

White sugar, one drachm. 

Mix and triturate well. Divide into six 
powders. Dose, one, four times a day, in 
barley water. Said to be useful in asthenic 
pneumonia. Phoebus. 



Mixture of Benzoic Acid. 
R. Benzoic acid, 

Sulphur, each, one scruple. 

Ipecacuanha, six grains. 

Honey, six ounces. 

Syrup of seneka, 
Syrup of squills, each, one ounce. 

Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, three or four 
times a day, in the chronic catarrh of 
elderly persons. St. Marie. 



ACIDUM BORACICUM. 

Boracic Acid. 

R. Powdered borax, forty parts. 

Boiling water, one hundred parts. 
Dissolve and add 

Muriatic acid, twentj^-five parts. 
Collect the acid, which crystallizes on cool- 



90 



ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. 



ing, on a filter, drain, wash with cold water, 
and dry at 234° F. If not pure, dissolve 
and recrystallize. Wackenroder. 

If sulphuric acid be used it is almost im- 
possible to free the horacic acid from a trace 
of it. Dose, ten to sixty grains. 



Mixture of Boracic Acid. 

R. Boracic acid, ten grains. 

Oil of sweet almonds, 
Syrup of lemons, each, one fl. 

drachm. 

Mix. Advised in cardialgia ; to be re- 
peated until a cessation of the pain. 

Pierquin. 



B. 



each, 
two drachms. 



Collutory -with Boracic Acid 

Cloves, 

Galangal, 

Ginger, 

Peruvian bark, 

Gum lac, one and a half drachms. 

Benzoin, 

Storax, each, . half a drachm. 

Alcohol, six fl. drachms. 

Acetic acid, one and a half fl. 

ounce. 

Yinegar, five fl. ounces. 

Macerate, press, and filter, then add 

Boracic acid, half a drachm. 

This has been recommended as a mouth 
wash in a scorbutic condition of the gums. 
When used it is to be diluted with water. 

Phoebus. 



ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. 
Carbolic Acid. 

Syn. Phenic acid ; phenylic acid ; phenylic 
alcohol ; phenol. 

It is obtained by fractional distillation of 
coal tar, between the temperatures of 300° 
and 400 , and subsequent purification. It 
occurs in colorless or white acicnlar crys- 
tals, which fuse at a temperature of about 
100 ' to a colorless liquid, having an odor and 
taste resembling creasote, and boiling near 
370 . It dissolves freely in alcohol, ether, 
glycerin, and the essential oils, and requires 

about L'O parts of water for solution ; its so- 
lution docs not affect litmus paper, and co- 
agulates collodion. Its compounds with 
alkalies are readily decomposed by the 

acids, including carbonic acid. When 9 

if it are dissolved in 5 parts of alco- 
hol, and mixed with 60 parts Of water and 

one pari of subitum 01 sesquieldoride of 
iron, sp. <_o\ 1.34, the mixture assumes per- 
manently a beautiful bine color. ( Flilckiger.) 

In its pure slate it acts as an eseliarotic, ; 

when diluted, its properties are rubefacient, 



anaesthetic, and antiseptic. Taken inter- 
nally it is carminative and sedative, re- 
sembling creasote in its power of allaying 
gastric irritability. It is best administered 
largely diluted or in mucilaginous liquids, 
with some aromatic to correct and cover its 
odor. 

Dose, one-half to three grains, twice or 
three times daily. 



Glycerite of Carbolic Acid. 
R. Carbolic acid, two tro % younces. 
Glycerin, half a pint. 

Rub these together in a mortar until the 
acid is dissolved. U. S. Ph. 

Used in herpes and similar skin diseases. 
Glycerin of carbolic acid, Brit. Ph., is 
nearly identical with the above. 



Carbolic Acid "Water. 
R. Glycerite of carbolic acid, ten fl. 

drachms. 

Distilled water, sufficient to make 

one pint. 

Mix. U. S. Ph. 



Carbolized Vinegar. 
R. Common vinegar, four parts. 

Carbolic acid, one part. 

Dissolve. Quesneville. 

Used as a disinfectant and antiseptic in 
place of aromatic vinegar. 



Disinfectant Carbolic Acid Powder. 

R. Plaster Paris, one thousand parts. 

Carbolic acid, one part. 

Mix thoroughly. Bouchardat. 



Carbolized Ether. 

R. Ether, one hundred parts. 

Carbolic acid, one part. 

Dissolve. Ltmaire. 

Used for insufflation in catarrh of the 

Eustachian tube. 



Inhalations of Carbolic Acid. 

R. Carbolic acid, one drachm. 

Water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. In croup. J. L. Smith 

R. Carbolic acid, fifteen to twenty 

drops. 

Tincture of conium, one to two 

fl. ounces. 

Water, two pints. 

Mix. In bronchitis. StilU. 



ACIDUM OAKBOLICUM. — ACIDUM CAEBONICUM, 



91 



Carbolic Acid Mixture. 
R. Carbolic acid, half a drachm. 

Acetic acid, 
Tincture of opium, 
Chloric ether, each, one fl. drachm. 
Water, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every four hours, 
until the fever has subsided, in zymotic 
diseases. A. Keith. 

R. Carbolic acid, two grains and 

a half. 
Distilled water, three fl. ounces. 
Orange-flower water, half a fl. 

ounce. 

Syrup of orange peel, a fl. ounce. 

Mix. To be taken in three doses in two 

hours, in cholera. Dussau. 



Mix. As a rubefacient, in cholera. 



Dussau. 



Carbolic Acid Ointment. 

R. Carbolic acid, sixty grains. 

Ointment, four hundred and 

twenty grains. 

Mix thoroughly. U. S. Ph. 



Carbolic Acid Gargle. 
R. Carbolic acid, twenty grains. 

Acetic acid, half a drachm. 

Honey, 

Tincture of myrrh, of each, two 

drachms. 

Water, sufficient for six fl. ounces. 

Mix. Used in diphtheria. Hartshome. 



Mouth "Wash of Carbolic Acid. 
R. Carbolic acid, eight grains. 

Water, four fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. As a mouth wash and gargle in 
sore throat. Kempster. 



Lotion of Carbolic Acid. 

R. Carbolic acid, one to two drachms. 

Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 

Water, two pints. 

Mix. In cancerous ulcerations, and by 
substituting lime-water for the water, as an 
application in burns. Barclay. 

R. Carbolic acid, fourteen grains. 

Acetic acid, one ounce. 

Water, three ounces. 

Mix. In itch and other parasitic diseases. 

Bazin. 



Carbolic Acid Liniment. 
R. Carbolic acid, one part. 

Olive oil, six parts. 

Mix. For burns, to relieve pain and pro- 
mote the healing process without suppura- 
tion. Pirrie. 
R. Carbolic acid, one drachm. 

Alcohol, 

Water, each, six ounces. 



Suppositories of Carbolic Acid. 

R. Carbolic acid, twelve grains. 

Oil of Theobroma, 348 grains. 

Dissolve the carbolic acid in a few drops of 
water, and mix the solution first with sixty 
grains of the oil of theobroma, and after- 
wards with the remainder, which has been 
previously melted and allowed to cool to 
95° ; then pour into suitable moulds and 
make twelve suppositories. U. S. Ph. 



ACIDUM CARBOLICUM 

IMPURUM. 

Impure Carbolic Acid. 

It is a colorless liquid becoming reddish- 
brown on exposure, and having the odor and 
taste of the pure acid, modified by empyreu- 
matic constituents of tar, which should not 
exceed 30 per cent, by measure of the im- 
pure acid, the impurities being nearly insolu- 
ble in water. It is used only as an external 
remedy and for disinfecting purposes. 



Carbolic Acid Clay. 
B. Clay in powder, eighty parts. 

Impure carbolic acid, twenty parts. 
Mix thoroughly. Useful for destroying 
parasitic insects upon plants, and for dis- 
infecting purposes. C. 0. Curtman. 



ACIDUM CARBONICUM. 
Carbonic Acid. 

This stimulating gas is readily absorbed 
by water, and advantage has been taken of 
the fact by retaining it in a liquid form under 
pressure. The mineral or soda water of the 
shops is water saturated with carbonic acid 



Carbonic Acid Water. 

By means of a forcing-pump, throw into 
a suitable receiver, nearly filled with water, 
a quantity of carbonic acid equal to five 
times the bulk of the water. U. S. Ph. 

Carbonic acid is readily obtained from 
marble by means of dilute sulphuric acid. 

This water has a sharp, pungent, and 
agreeahle taste. It is much used as a com- 
mon drink in doses of half a pint. 



92 ACIDUM CHEOMICUM.- ACIDUM GALLICUM 



ACIDUM CHROMICUM. 

Chromic Acid. 

It is obtained by saturating water at tbe 
ordinary temperature with bichromate of 
potassium, and pouring two pints of this 
solution slowly and with constant stirring 
into three pints of concentrated sulphuric 
acid. After one or two days the crystals 
are collected and dried upon porous tiles 
under a bell-glass, to protect them from dust. 

Warrington. 

It occurs in deep-red needles, which are 
deliquescent, readily soluble in water, and 
oxidize organic matters rapidly. It is em- 
ployed as a powerful and convenient escha- 
rotic in cancerous ulcerations, and for re- 
moving warts and other morbid growths. 
It may be applied in substance to the moist- 
ened part, or in solution. It is never used 
internally. 



Solution of Chromic Acid. 
R. Chromic acid, one hundred grains. 
Distilled water, one ounce. 

Dissolve. Marshall. 



ACIDUM CITRICUM. 
Citric Acid. 

This exists naturally in the juices of many 
fruits ; to obtain it pure, boiling lemon or 
lime-juice is to be saturated with cbalk, when 
carbonic acid is given off, and an insoluble 
citrate is formed ; this is to be washed and 
decomposed by boiling with dilute sulphuric 
acid ; insoluble sulphate of calcium precipi- 
tates, and the citric acid remains in solu- 
tion and crystallizes on evaporation. To 
purify, dissolve in water and recrystallize. 

U. S. Bis. 
Dose, five to twenty grains. 



Artificial Lemon Juice. 
R. Citric acid, one ounce. 

Distilled water, fourteen fl. ounces. 

Oil of lemons, five drops. 

Mix. Beasley. 



Lozenges of Citric Acid. 
B. Citric acid, three drachms. 

White sugar, one pound. 

Oil of lemons, sixteen drops. 

Triturate well, and add 

Mucilage of tragacanth, q. s. 

Make lozenges of twelve grains each. 

C otter eau. 
R. Citric acid, two drachms. 



Oil of 1-iiions, 

Syrup, 



four minims, 
two pints. 



Rub the citric acid and oil of lemons with 
an ounce of the syrup, then add rest of 
syrup, and dissolve by a gentle heat. 

U. S. Ph. 
R. Citric acid, five drachms. 

Water, ten fl. drachms. 

Simple syrup, sixty troy ounces. 

Spirit of fresh lemon- 
peel, seven and a half drachms. 
Dissolve the acid in the water, mix with 
the syrup at a boiling heat, and, when cold, 
add the spirit. Paris Codex. 



Dry Lemonade. 
R. Citric acid, two and a half drs. 

White sugar, four ounces. 

Oil of lemons, one drop. 

Mix well. A spoonful to a tumbler of 
water. Ph. Germ. 



Citrated Effervescing Powders. 
R. Citric acid, nine drachms- 

Divide into eighteen powders. 
R. Bicarbonate of sodium, eleven drs. 
or, 

Bicarbonate of potas- 
sium, thirteen drs. 
Divide into eighteen powders. Dub. Ph. 
An acid and an alkaline powder are dis- 
solved in separate portions of water, the 
two solutions are mixed and drank in a state 
of effervescence. An excellent refrigerant. 



ACIDUM GALLICUM. 

Gallic Acid. 

It is not certain that this acid exists as 
such in nature, or whether it arises from the 
decomposition of tannic acid. It is usually 
prepared from galls. Many processes have 
been devised. 

R. Decoction of galls, at will. 

Expose to action of air in a loosely covered 
vessel for some months ; it will grow mouldy, 
and become covered with a glutinous pelli- 
cle, and gallic acid will be deposited on the 
sides of the vessel and on the under surface 
of the pellicle ; collect, dissolve, and recrys- 
tallize. Scheele. 
This is analogous to the process officinal 
in the U. S. Ph. 

R. Decoction of galls, at will. 

Sulphuric acid, sufficient 

to precipitate. Wash the precipitate with 
;iih1 dissolve by aid of heat in diluted sul- 
phuric acid, boil for a few minutes, let cool, 
and collect the crystals. Liebig. 

Gallic acid is a powerful astringent, and 
has been found useful in hemorrhages and 



ACIDUM HYDEOCYASTICUM DILTJTUM. 



93 



flaxes, as well as in checking night sweats 
in phthisis. 

Dose, five to ten grains. 



Glycerite of Gallic Acid. 

R. Gallic acid, two troyounces. 

Gl} T cerin, half a pint. 

Dissolve by the aid of heat, U. S. Ph. 

Glycerin of gallic acid, Brit. Ph., is nearly 

identical with this. 



Mixture of Gallic and Sulphuric Acids. 
R. Gallic acid, thirty grains. 

Dilute sulphuric acid, one fl. drm. 
Sedative solution of 

opium, thirt}^ minims. 

Compound infusion of 

rose, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. Dose, two tablespoonfuls every, three 
or four hours, in haemoptysis. Earle. 

R. Gallic acid, one to two drachms. 

Dilute sulphuric acid, half a fl. drm. 

Tincture of hops } one fl. drachm. 

Infusion of hops, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful three times 
daily, in Bright's disease. Aitken. 



Aromatic Syrup of Gallic Acid. 
R. Gallic acid, two and a half drs. 
Syrup of cinnamon, four fl. oz. 

Dissolve. Dose, a dessertspoonful every 
two, three, or four hours, in hemorrhages, 
diabetes, etc. Hartshorne. 



Compound Mixture of Gallic Acid. 
R. Gallic acid, twelve grains. 

Compound tincture of 

cinnamon, one and a half fl. 
drachms. 
Tincture of opium, eight minims. 
Caraway water, sufficient for two 
fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, two teaspoonfuls for a child 
two years old, in chronic diarrhoea and gas- 
tric irritation. Hillier. 



R. 



Pills of Gallic Acid. 

Gallic acid, q. s. 

Extract of gentian, sufficient 

to form pills of two to five grains each. 

One to be given every three or four hours. 

Useful in menorrhagia, haematuria, etc. 

Dunglison. 

R. Gallic acid, forty grains. 

Extract of Indian hemp, five grs. 

Confection of rose, ten grains. 



Make into ten pills. Dose, one at bedtime, 
for night sweats of consumptives. Tanner. 



Injection of Gallic Acid. 
R. Gallic acid, one scruple to one 

drachm. 
Water, two pints. 

Mix. Found beneficial in leucorrhcea. 

Dunglison. 



ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM 
DILUTUM. 



R. 



Hydrocyanic Acid. 
Ferrocyanicle of potassium, 



two 



ounces. 
Sulphuric acid, one ounce and a 

half. 
Distilled water, sufficient. 

Mix the acid with four fl. ounces of the water, 
and pour the mixture, when cool, into a glass 
retort. To this add the ferrocyanide, pre- 
viously dissolved in ten fl. ounces of the 
water. Pour eight fl. ounces of distilled 
water into a cooled receiver, and having at- 
tached the retort, distil on a sand-bath, with 
a moderate heat, sixfl. ounces. Lastly, add 
to the product, five fl. ounces of distilled 
water, or as much as will render the acid of 
such strength that 100 grains will be accu- 
rately saturated by 12.7 grains of nitrate of 
silver. U. S. Ph. 



Extemporaneous Hydrocyanic Acid. 
R. Cyanide of silver, fifty grains 

and a half. 

Muriatic acid, forty-one grains. 

Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 

Mix the acid with the water, add the cy- 
anide, and shake in a well-stopped bottle. 
Let settle, decant, and keep for use. 

U. S. Ph. 
This acid should be kept in closely-stopped 
bottles, protected from the light. It is a 
transparent, volatile liquid, of a cooling and 
then somewhat irritating taste, and a pecu- 
liar smell. It is the most active poison 
known, and must be used with extreme 
caution. It is used as an anodyne and anti- 
spasmodic, in many diseases. The dose is 
from one to two drops mixed with gum- 
water or syrup, always beginning with the 
smallest quantity and gradually increasing. 



Mixture of Hydrocyanic Acid. 
R. Medicinal hydrocyanic 

acid, one fl. drachm. 

Distilled water, one pint. 

Sugar, one ounce and a half. 

Mix. A dessertspoonful twice a day, gradu- 
ally increasing the dose. Magendie. 



94 ACIDUM IIYDRIODICUM.-IIYDEOSULPHUEICUM, 



R. Medicinal hydrocyanic 

acid, sixteen drops. 

Syrnp of wild cherry, 

Camphor water, of each, one fl. oz. 

Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful every two or 

three hours, in violent, troublesome cough. 

Hartshorne. 

R. Powdered gum Arabic, half an oz. 

Water, seven fl. ounces and a half. 
Dissolve, and add 

Syrup of tolu, half fl. ounce. 

Diluted hydrocyanic 

acid, twelve drops. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every three hours 
iu the cough of phthisis. S. G. Morton. 



Syrup of Hydrocyanic Acid. 
R. Medicinal hydro- 

C3 T anic acid, one part. 

Clarified syrup, one hundred and 

ninet} r -nine parts. 

Mix. This should be made only when 
needed, as it readily alters. Paris Codex. 



Julep of Hydrocyanic Acid. 

R. Medicinal hydrocyanic 

acid, fifteen drops. 

Hoffman's anodyne, two fl. ounces. 
Syrup of marsh mallow, three fl. 

ounces. 
Mix. A dessertspoonful every two hours. 

Pierquin. 

R. Medicinal hydroc} r anic 

acid, two to four drops. 

Syrup of peppermint, one fl. ounce. 

Infusion of linden, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. A dessertspoonful every hour. Foy. 



Inhalation of Hydrocyanic Acid. 

R. Diluted hydrocyanic acid, ten to 

fifteen minims. 

Cold water, one fl. drachm. 

Mix in a suitable apparatus, and let the 

vapor that arises be inhaled. Brit. Ph. 



Injection of Hydrocyanic Acid. 
R. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid, one 

part. 

Distilled water, four parts. 

In gonorrhoea. Foy, 



Glycerite of Hydrocyanic Acid. 

R. Medicinal hydrocyanic 

acid, ten to forty minims. 

Glycerin, one fl. ounce. 



Mix. Used as a lotion in impetigo, eczema, 
urticaria, etc. Waring. 



Lotion of Hydrocyanic Acid. 
R. Diluted hydrocyanic 

acid, half fl. ounce. 

Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 

Distilled water, ten fl. ounces and 

a half. 
Mix. As lotion, in impetigo. 

A. T. Tliomson. 

R. Medicinal hydrocyanic 

acid, two fl. drachms. 

Alcohol, fourteen fl. drachms. 

Emulsion of bitter almonds 

(made with thirty kernels), six 
fl. ounces. 
Mix. As an antipruritic in eczema. 

Erasmus Wilson. 

R. Medicinal hydrocj^anic 

acid, two fl. drachms. 

Lettuce water, two pints. 

Mix. In hepatic affections. Magendie. 
R. Diluted hydrocyanic 

acid, half fl. drachm. 

Bicarbonate of sodium, two 

drachms. 

Milk, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix. In milky scall. A. T. Tliomson. 



ACIDUM HYDRIODICUM. 

Hydriodic Acid. 

R. Tartaric acid, two hundred and 
sixty-four grains. 
Iodide of potassium, three hun- 
dred and thirty grains. 

Dissolve each in one fl. ounce and a half of 
distilled water. Mix the solutions, shake 
and let settle, filter, and add distilled water 
to make up measure of six and a quarter fl. 
ounces. Buchanan. 

Has the same properties as iodine, of 
which each fl. drachm contains five grains ; 
dose, at first a few drops, gradually increased 
to hall a fl. ounce three times a day. 



ACIDUM IIYDROSULPHU- 
RICUM. 

Sulphuretted Hydrogen. 
R. Sulphuret of iron, 

Sulphuric acid, equal parts. 

Pulverize the sulphuret, and gradually pour 
on it the acid diluted with three times its 



ACIDUM LAOTICUM. 



95 



weight of water, and collect the gas ; or it 
may be passed through water to saturation. 

Van Mons. 
This gas is an active poison, but has been 
administered in colica pictonum and mercu- 
rial affections. It is, however, more em- 
ployed externally in cutaneous diseases. 



Hydrosulphuretted Bath. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, four 

ounces. 
Water, one pint. 

Dissolve, and add 

Muriatic acid, two drachms. 

Pour the whole into the bath. Advised in 
chronic diseases of the skin, rheumatism, 
and certain cases of paralysis. 

Cadet de Gassicourt. 



Artificial Sulphuretted Water. 
R. Carbonate of sodium, twelve 

grains. 
Liquid hydrosulphurie 

acid, two pints. 

"Water, six pints. 

To be kept in well-closed bottles. Has 
been recommended in colica pictonum. Foy. 



Hydrosulphuretted Lotion. 
R. Sulphuret of 

potassium, twenty-four parts. 
Water, two hundred and fifty parts. 
Dissolve, and add 

Sulphuric acid, one part. 

Used as a wash in chronic diseases of the 

skin. Dwpuytren. 



ACIDUM LACTICUM. 
Lactic Acid. 

R. Sugar, six pounds. 

Tartaric acid, half an ounce. 

Boiling water, twenty-six pounds. 
Mix, set aside for a few days, then add 

Old stinking cheese, eight ounces, 
well diffused in 

Curdled acid skimmed 

milk, eight pounds. 

Powdered chalk, three pounds. 
Place in a warm situation, so as to keep the 
mixture at a temperature of 86° to 95°. Stir 
often ; in eight or ten days it will solidify 
into a stiff paste of lactate of calcium ; now 
add twenty pounds of boiling water, and 
half an ounce of caustic lime, boil for half an 



hour, and filter through linen. Evaporate 
the liquid to the consistence of syrup, and set 
aside for four days ; remove the lactate of 
calcium, express, agitate with one-tenth of 
cold water, and express, repeating this ope- 
ration two or three times. Now dissolve in 
twice its weight of boiling water, and for 
every pound of the lactate, add three and 
a half ounces of sulphuric acid diluted with 
an equal weight of water. Filter the hot 
liquid through a bag, and boil it with one 
pound and three-eighths of carbonate of 
zinc, for every pound of sulphuric acid, for 
a quarter of an hour. Filter whilst boiling 
hot, and let stand to crystallize ; remove 
these crystalline crusts of lactate of zinc, 
and wash them with cold water. Then dis- 
solve them in seven and a half parts of boil- 
ing water, and pass through the solution a 
current of sulphuretted hydrogen, till sul- 
phuret of zinc no longer separates. Filter, 
boil the liquid, to expel the excess of sul- 
phuretted hydrogen, and evaporate on a 
water-bath to the consistence of syrup. 

Bertsch. 

A solution of ten ounces of milk-sugar in 
nine pints of milk is exposed to the air in a 
warm place (90° to 100° F.), and the free 
acid neutralized every other day with bicar- 
bonate of sodium. When it ceases to be- 
come acid, the liquid is boiled, filtered, and 
carefully evaporated to the consistence of 
syrup. This is dissolved in alcohol, the so- 
dium precipitated by sulphuric acid, the fil- 
trate neutralized with chalk, and the clear 
liquid evaporated to crystallization. The 
lactate of calcium is either decomposed by 
the exact quantity of oxalic acid, or it is 
converted into lactate of zinc, and this fur- 
ther treated as in the previous process. 

Boutron and Fremy. 

The officinal lactic acid is a nearly color- 
less syrupy liquid, of sp. gr. 1.212 ; which is 
soluble in water, alcohol, and ether in all 
proportions, and is not precipitated by ace- 
tate of lead, oxalate of ammonium, or, after 
neutralization with ammonia, by sulphuret- 
ted hydrogen. When gently heated, it yields 
no odor of acetic or butyric acid. Ninety 
grains of it should neutralize at least seventy- 
two grains of bicarbonate of potassium. 

U. S. Ph. 

Lactic acid has the sp. gr. 1.24, Ph. Germ. 

It has been recommended by Magendie in 
dyspepsia, by Bricheteau and Dureau in 
croup and diphtheria as a solvent of false 
mucous membranes, and is considered by 
some to be useful in a phosphatic diathesis. 

Dose, one to three drachms daily. 



Lozenges of Lactic Acid. 

R. Lactic acid, two drachms. 

Powdered white sugar, nine ozs. 



Gum tragacanth, 
Yanilla, 



q. s. 
fifteen grains. 
Mix, and form pastilles of half a drachm 
each, of which three to six may be taken 
during the day. They should be kept dry. 

Soubeiran. 



9G 



ACIDUM MURIATICTTM 



Lemonade of Lactic Acid. 

R. Lactic acid, one to four drachms. 

Simple syrup, two ounces. 

Water, two pints. 

Mix. Dose, a cupful several times a day. 

Magendie. 



Inhalation of Lactic Acid. 
R. Lactic acid, twenty drops. 

Water, half an ounce. 

Mix. Applied in the form of spray, in 
croup. A. Weber. 



ACIDUM MURIATICTTM. 
Muriatic Acid. 

Prepared by distilling common salt in a 
glass retort with sulphuric acid and water. 
It has a density of 1.16, a suffocating odor, 
an acrid and sour taste. It is very volatile. 
It gives a curdy-white precipitate with ni- 
trate of silver. It is never given internally 
except in a diluted form. 

Pure muriatic acid of Ph. Germ, has the 
sp. gr. 1.124. 



Diluted Muriatic Acid. 
R. Muriatic acid, four troy ounces. 
Distilled water, sufficient to make 
one pint. 
Mix. Twenty drops in sweetened water. 

U. S. Ph. 
Sp.gr. 1.038, U.S.; 1.052, Brit; 1.060, 
Germ. 



Gaseous Muriatic Acid. 
R. Common salt, two parts. 

Sulphuric acid, three parts. 

Mix. The muriatic acid fumes that arise are 
disinfectant if the atmosphere is charged 
with ammoniacal exhalations, but arc much 
inferior to chlorine. Swediaur. 



Muriatic Acid Bath. 
R. Muriatic acid, ton fl. ounces. 

Water, fifty gallons. 

Mix. Found useful in some chronic dis- 
cuses of the skin. Soubeiran. 



B 



Muriatic Acid Gargle. 

Muriatic acid, two fl. drachms. 

Boney, two fl. ounces. 

Barley water, one pint. 

Mix. Useful in the angina of scarlet fever, 
and in ulceration of the mouth and throat. 

Batter, 



R 



Muriatic Acid Mixture. 

Diluted muriatic acid, 

one and a half fl. drachms. 
Spirit of chloroform, 

two fl. drachms. 
Tincture of colchicum, 

one fl. drachm. 
Infusion of cascarilla, 

sufficient for six fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, two tablespoonfuls every three 
hours, in gout. J. F. Duncan. 



Syrup of Muriatic Acid. 
R. Muriatic acid, three drachms. 

Simple syrup, six troyounces. 

Mix. Dose, one half to one teaspoonful. 

Mouchon. 



Muriatic Acid Lotion. 
R. Muriatic acid, one part. 

Water. sixteen parts. 

Mix. Advised as a wash for chilblains, 
and also found beneficial in lepra and other 
skin diseases. Foy. 



Muriatic Acid Pediluvium. 
R. Muriatic acid, two fl. ounces. 

Water, eight pints. 

Mix. Advised by Scott and others in chro- 
nic enlargements of the liver and spleen. 

Beral. 



Muriatic Acid Draught. 
R. Muriatic acid, ten to twenty drops. 
Barley water, eight ounces. 

Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful three or four 
times a day. Has been advised in stone in 
the bladder. Ellis. 



R 



Muriatic Acid Injection. 

Muriatic acid, two drops. 

Water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. For injection into the bladder, in 
phosphatic calculus. Balman. 



Muriatic Acid Liniment. 
R. Balsam Peru, one drachm. 

Spermaceti, 

White wax, 

Muriatic acid, each, two drachms. 

Olive oil, two fl. ounces. 

Water, six fl. ounces. 

Rub well together. To be applied twice 
a day. Ratier. 



ACIDUM XITEICUM. — NITRO-MUEI ATI CUM, 



97 



ACIDUM NITRICUM. 

Nitric Acid. 

Nitric acid of the sp. gr. 1.42. 

Crude nitric acid, Ph. Germ., has the sp. 
gr. 1.323 to 1.331; the pure acid is of 1.185, 
and fuming nitric acid of 1.520 to 1.525 
sp. gr. 



R 



Diluted Nitric Acid. 
Nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.42), 

three troyounces. 
Distilled water, 

sufficient to make a pint. 
Mix. Dose, twenty to forty drops, in sweet- 
ened water, three times a day. U. S. Ph. 
The sp. gr. of diluted nitric acid is 1.068, 
U. S. Ph.; 1.086 to 1.089, Ph. Germ.; 1.101. 
Brit. Ph. 



R. Nitric acid, half fl. drachm. 

Water, one pint and a half. 

Syrup of cin- 
namon, one ii. ounce and a half. 

Mix. In syphilis, chronic hepatitis, etc. 
A spoonful every two or three hours. 

Augustin. 

R. Nitric acid, two fl. scruples. 

Opium, two grains. 

Water, two fl. ounces. 

Syrup of cinnamon, half fl. ounce. 
Mix. A spoonful every hour, in barley 
water. In dysentery, cholera, etc. 

Ammon. 

half fl. drachm. 



S 



Collutory of Nitric Acid. 

Nitric acid, one fl. scruple. 

Honey of roses, 

Syrup of mul- 
berries, each, half fl. ounce. 
Mix. To touch obstinate venereal ulcers 
in the mouth. Phoebus. 



R. Nitric acid, 
Gum Arabic, 
Sugar, each, 
Water, 



three drachms, 
eight fl. ounces. 



Fomentation of Nitric Acid. 

R. Nitric acid, one part. 

Distilled water, ninety-six parts. 
Mix. Used to destroy the fetid smell of 
foul ulcer3 ; also as a wash in itch. 

Soubeiran. 



Lotion of Nitric Acid, 

R. Nitric acid, half to one fl. drachm. 

Laudanum one fl. drachm. 

Rose water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. To wash venereal ulcers. Phoebus. 



Mix. A small tablespoonful in water, as oc- 
casion may require. As a tonic, to arrest 
colliquative sweats, etc. 



Ellis. 



Ointment of Nitric Acid. 

R. Lard, fifty parts. 

Nitric, acid, three parts. 

Mix and stir at a moderate heat until blue 
litmus paper is scarcely reddened ; then 
pour into paper moulds. Used as an appli- 
cation to porrigo, psora, etc. Ph. Germ. 



R 



Nitric Acid Lemonade. 

R. Nitric acid, forty-eight grains. 

Simple syrup, five troyounces. 

Water, forty-five troyounces. 

Mix. Paris Codex. 



Nitric Acid Mixture. 

R. Nitric acid, two fl. drachms. 



Raspberry syrup, 

Sugar, 

Water, 

A wineglassful, with 
water, in fetid breath. 
7 



three fl. ounces. 

three ounces. 

two pints. 

as much Seltzer 
Cadet. 



Liniment of Nitric Acid. 

Nitric acid, two fl. ounces. 

Oil of turpentine, three fl. ounces. 

Theriac, three drachms. 

Honey, one ounce. 

Alcohol, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. As a rubefacient, has been used in 
cholera. Foy. 



Injection of Nitric Acid. 

R. Nitric acid, twenty drops. 

Water, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix. A teaspoonful to be injected every 

hour, in gleet. Durlcee. 



ACIDUM NITRO-MURIA- 
TICUM. 

Nitro-Muriatic Acid. 
R. Nitric acid, three troyounces. 

Muriatic acid, five troyounces. 
Mix in a glass vessel, and when efferves- 
cence has ceased keep in a cool, dark place. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, three or four drops. 



98 ACIDUM OXALICUM. — ACIDUM PHOSPHOEICUM, 



R. Muriatic acid, 
Nitric acid, 



three parts, 
one part. 
Mix. Paris Codex and Ph. Germ. 



Diluted Nitro -Muriatic Acid. 

B. Nitric acid, one and a half 

troyounces. 

Muriatic acid, two and a half 

troyounces. 

Distilled water, sufficient to 

make a pint. 

Mix the acids, shake occasionally during 

twenty-four hours, then add the water. 

U. S. Ph. 

B. Nitric acid, three fl. ounces. 

Muriatic acid, four fl. ounces. 

Distilled water, twenty-five fl. ozs. 

Mix the acids, and after twenty-four hours 

add the water. Sp. gr. 1.074. Brit. Ph. 



Nitro-Muriatic Acid Bath. 

B. Nitro-muriatic acid, six fl. ounces. 
Water, three gallons. 

Mix. Recommended by Scott as a foot- 
bath in chronic hepatitis. 



ACIDUM OXALICUM. 
Oxalic Acid. 

This acid exists in many plants in combi- 
nation with lime or potash, but is usually 
obtained hy the action of nitric acid on sugar 
or starch. It is in the form of colorless, 
transparent, prismatic crystals, having no 
odor, but a very acid taste. This acid is an 
active poison in large doses. It is not used 
in medicine in this country, but is employed 
in Trance. 



Lozenges of Oxalic Acid. 
B. Powdered oxalic acid, one drachm. 
"White sugar, eight ounces. 

Gum tragacanth, two scruples. 
Water of orange-peel, five fl. drs. 
Oil of lemons, eight drops. 

Mix, and form lozenges of ten grains each. 

Cottereau. 



ACIDUM piiosrnomcuM. 
Phosphoric Acid. 



Glacial Phosphoric Acid. 
It is prepared by decomposing calcined 

hones with sulphuric acid in excess, and 
purifying the concentrated liquid either by 



the addition of alcohol, or ammonia, the 
phosphate of ammonium to be decomposed 
by heat. 

It is in glass-like masses, transparent, 
colorless, deliquescent on exposure, and 
soluble in water and alcohol. The aqueous 
solution, supersaturated with ammonia, pro- 
duces on standing but a slight precipitate. 



Diluted Phosphoric Acid. 
R. Phosphorus, five drachms. 

Nitric acid 

(sp. gr. 1.42), five troyounces. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Mix the nitric acid with half a pint of 
water in a porcelain capsule of the capacity 
of two pints ; add the phosphorus, and in- 
vert over it a glass funnel, so that its rim 
may rest just above the surface of the 
liquid. Apply heat, taking care not to 
allow the reaction to become too violent. 
Should some phosphorus remain undissolved, 
add more nitric acid, diluted as above, until 
solution is effected. Then evaporate until 
all excess of nitric acid has been expelled, 
and add distilled water sufficient to make 
the acid measure twenty-five fluidounces. 

U. S. Ph. 
R. Glacial phosphoric acid, a troy- 
ounce. 

Nitric acid, forty grains. 



Distilled water. 



sufficient. 



Dissolve the glacial phosphoric acid in three 
fluidounces of water, add the nitric acid, 
and boil until a syrupy liquid is left, to 
which sufficient water is to be added to 
make it measure twelve and a half fluid- 
ounces. U. S. Ph. 

The sp. gr. of this acid is 1.056, U. S. Ph.; 
1.08, Brit. Ph.; 1.120, Ph. Germ. 

This acid is stated to be useful in nervous 
disorders, in lithiasis with phosphatic de- 
posits, in morbid ossifications, in diabetes, 
to allay thirst, etc., and as a local applica- 
tion in caries. The dose of the dilute acid 
is from ten drops to a fluidrachm in gum- 
water. 



Pills of Phosphoric Acid. 
R. Diluted phosphoric acid, 

Assafoetida, each, three drachms. 

Powdered calamus, q. s. 

Make one hundred and eighty pills. Dose, 
five to ten, three times a day. Kecom- 
mended in caries. Phoebus. 



Fomentation of Phosphoric Acid. 
R. Diluted phosphoric acid, one oz. 
Decoction of chamomile, eight ozs. 



ACIDUM SUCCINICTJM. — ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. 99 



Mix. Employed in caries, and as an injec- 
tion in fistulas. Augustin. 



Phosphoric Tincture of Myrrh. 

B. Tincture of myrrh, half a fl. ounce. 
■Diluted phosphoric acid, thirty 

drops. 

Mix. Used in caries of the teeth or bones. 

Augustin. 



Phosphoric Acid Lemonade. 
B. Phosphoric acid, 

(sp. gr. 1.45), forty-eight grains. 

Simple syrup, five troyounces. 

Water, forty-five troyounces. 

Mix. Dose, about an ounce, to relieve 

thirst in diabetes, etc. Paris Codex. 

The diluted phosphoric acid, U. S. Ph., is 

one-eighth the strength of the phosphoric 

acid of the Paris Codex. 



ACIDUM SUCCINICUM. 

Succinic Acid. 

It is obtained from amber, by heating it 
in a retort until a brown, empyreumatic oil 
begins to come over. It occurs in yellowish 
crystals having the odor of oil of amber, 
freely soluble in alcobol and boiling water, 
less in ether, and slightly in oil of turpen- 
tine. Ph. Germ. 

It has been recommended as an antispas- 
modic and diaphoretic in cutaneous diseases, 
gout, convulsions, etc., but is most fre- 
quently employed in its combination with 
ammonia. 

Dose, five to twenty grains, in the form 
of powder, or dissolved in thirty times its 
weight of water. 



ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. 

Sulphuric Acid. 



Dilute Sulphuric Acid. 

B. Sulphuric acid, two troyounces. 

Water, sufficient to make a pint. 

Add the acid gradually to the water in a 

glass vessel, and mix them. JJ. S. Ph. 

Dose, ten to twenty drops. 

B. Sulphuric acid, one part. 

Distilled water, nine parts. 

Mix. Paris Codex. 

Its specific gravity is 1.082, U. S. Ph.; 

1.094, Brit. Ph. ; 1.113 to 1.117, Ph. Germ. 



Elixir of Vitriol. 

B. Sulphuric acid, six troyounces. 
Ginger, bruised, one troyounce. 



Cinnamon, bruised, one troyounce 

and a half. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Gradually add the acid to a pint of alco- 
hol. Pack the mixed ginger and cinnamon 
firmly in a percolator, and pour alcohol upon 
them until a pint of tincture is obtained. 
Then mix the diluted acid and the tincture. 
Dose, ten to twenty drops in sweetened 
water. U. S. Ph. 

The formula of Brit. Ph. orders about 
one-half of the sulphuric acid and aromat- 
ics. 

B. Cinnamon, bruised, four parts. 

Cardamom, " 

Cloves, " 

Galangal, " 

Ginger, " each, one part. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 

892, fifty parts. 

Sulphuric acid, two parts. 

Digest for a week, and filter. Used like 
the preceding, both being simplified substi- 
tutes for Mynsicht's elixir. Ph. Germ. 



Sulphuric Acid and Alcohol. 

B. Sulphuric acid, one part. 

Alcohol, three parts. 

Add the acid gradually to the alcohol, and 

mix them. Haller's Elixir. Ph. Germ. 

Dose, ten to twenty drops in water. 

B. Sulphuric acid, four ounces. 

Acetic acid, 
Alcohol, each, two pounds. 

Mix. Vulnerary, antiseptic, and astrin- 
gent. Dose, internally, twenty or thirty 
drops, in an appropriate vehicle. Exter- 
nally, as a lotion to foul ulcers and contu- 
sions, and to arrest bleeding. Campana. 

B. Vinegar, six parts. 

Alcohol, 68 pr. ct., three parts. 

Diluted sulphuric acid, one part. 

Clarified honey, two parts. 

Mix. Theden's vulnerary. Ph. Germ. 



Sulphuric Acid and Nitric Ether. 
B. Sulphuric acid, 

Nitric ether, equal parts. 

Mix very gradually. Dose, five to ten 
drops in an ounce of water. Found bene- 
ficial in spasmodic attacks, sinking, and 
hemorrhages. Vogler. 



Sulphuric Acid Lemonade. 

B. Sulphuric acid, forty-eight grains. 
Simple syrup, five troyounces. 
Water, forty-five troyounces. 



100 ACIDUM SULPHUROSUM. — ACIDUM TAmCUM, 



Mix. As a cooling drink in hemorrhages, 
and also found useful as a preventive of 
the effects of lead. Paris Codex. 



Sulphuric Acid Liniment. 
R. Sulphuric acid, two drachms. 

Olive oil, two and a half ounces. 
Oil of turpentine, one ounce. 

Mix. In gentle frictions to chilblains, 
where the skin is not broken. Foy. 



Sulphuric Acid Ointment. 
R. Olive oil, eight parts. 

Add gradually, constantly stirring. 

Sulphuric acid, five parts. 

After standing for twenty-four hours, wash 
well in tepid water, till it will not redden 
litmus-paper. Has been used in itch and 
paralysis, in frictions. Brugnatelli. 



ACIDUM SULPHUROSUM. 

Sulphurous Acid. 

R. Sulphuric acid, eight troy ounces. 
Charcoal in coarse 

powder, one troyounce. 

Distilled water, thirty-six fl. 

ounces. 

Mix the acid and charcoal in a matrass, 
apply heat until gas ceases to be evolved, and 
pass the sulphurous acid gas first through a 
washing bottle containing some water into 
the distilled water contained in a two-necked 
bottle, which is to be kept cool ; the unab- 
sorbed gas should be conducted into a solu- 
tion of carbonate of sodium. U. S. Ph. 
The specific gravity of this acid is about 
1.035 U. 8. Ph., 1.04 Brit. Ph. It has a strong 
odor of burning sulphur, and should be pro- 
tected from contact with the atmosphere. It 
acts powerfully as a disinfectant and anti- 
septic, is employed externally in skin dis- 
eases of parasitic origin, and has been re- 
commended in typhoid fever and in diseases 
of the air-passages. Dose, twenty minims 
to a teaspoonful, largely diluted. 



Sulphurous Acid Mixture. 
R. Sulphurous acid, two to four 

drachms. 
Syrup of orange peel, half an 

ounce. 
Water, sufficient for six fl. ounces. 

Mix. Dose a tablespoon ful every four 
liours in typhoid fever. Where diarrhoea 
is present, two drachms of dilute sulphuric 
acid and twenty minims of tincture of op ium 
are added. 6r. Wilks. 



ACIDUM TANNICTJM. 

Tannic Acid. 

R. Powdered galls, 

Washed ether, of each, a sufficient 
quantity. 

Expose the powder to a damp atmosphere 
for 24 hours, then mix with sufficient ether 
to form a soft paste. After six hours ex- 
press the mixture enveloped in canvas, 
powerfully between tinned plates ; macerate 
the residue with a fresh portion of ether, 
and express as before. Mix the liquids, 
evaporate spontaneously to a syrupy con- 
sistence, spread upon glass or tinned plates, 
and dry quickly in a drying closet. U. S. Ph. 
Tannic acid is of a yellowish-white color, 
of a powerfully astringent taste, soluble in 
water, less so in alcohol or ether. It is a 
strong astringent, and has been successfully 
used in hemorrhage and other fluxes. The 
dose is from two to ten grains. 



Pills of Tannic Acid. 

R. Tannic acid, eight or twelve grains. 
Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient 

to make eight pills. One to be given every 
two or three hours in gonorrhoea. Ellis. 



Pills of Tannic Acid and Opium. 

R. Tannic acid, half a drachm. 

Extract of 

opium, three-quarters of a grain. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient 

to make twenty pills. One every hour in 
uterine hemorrhage. Dumars. 



Troches of Tannic Acid. 

R. Tannic acid, one troyounce. 

Sugar, powdered, ten troyounces. 

Tragacanth, powdered, two 

drachms. 

Orange flower water, sufficient. 
Beat together into a uniform mass, and 
divide into four hundred and eighty loz- 
enges. U. 8. Ph. 
Each lozenge contains one grain, or, ac- 
cording to Brit. Ph., half a grain of tannin. 



Glycerite of Tannic Acid. 

R. Tannic acid, two troyounces. 

Glycerin, half a pint. 

Triturate them together, and dissolve by 
the aid of heat. U. S. Ph. 

Glycerin of tannic acid, Brit. Ph., is 
nearly identical with this. 



AOIDUM TAKTAEICUM, 



101 



Gargle of Tannic Acid. 

R. Tannic acid, one drachm. 

Honey of roses, two ounces. 

Rose water, two fl. ounces. 

Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix. As a gargle, to arrest mercurial 
salivation. Beral. 



Inhalation of Tannic Acid. 

R. Tannic acid, ten or twenty grains. 
Water, one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. Used by atomizer, in haemopty- 
sis. Da Costa. 

R. Tannic acid, three grains. 

Extract of hyoscyamus, two 

grains. 

Water, one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. In chronic bronchitis. Beigel. 



Injection of Tannic Acid. 
R. Tannic acid, half a drachm. 

Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. In gleet and leucorrhcea. B6ral. 
R. Tannic acid, half a drachm. 

Good claret wine, eight fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. Ricord. 



Syrup of Tannin. 
R. Tannic acid, one ounce. 

Water, eight ounces. 

Sugar, fifteen ounces. 

Dissolve with heat and strain. Dose, a 
tablespoonful in passive hemorrhages. Foy. 



Aromatic Syrup of Tannin. 
R. Tannic acid, sixty -four grains. 

Powdered cinnamon, one drachm. 

Powdered nutmeg, half a, drachm. 

Glycerin, six fl. drachms. 

Sugar, seven troyounces. 

Water, twenty-two fl. drachms. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain from the aromatic powders, by per- 
colation with diluted alcohol, one fl. ounce 
of tincture. Dissolve the tannic acid in 
the glycerin, add the water, boil and filter. 
Dissolve the sugar in the filtrate, and add 
the tincture. D. G. Potts. 



Mixture of Tannic Acid. 
R. Tannic acid, twelve grains. 

Syrup of rhatany, 



Syrup of gum, each, one fl. ounce. 
Camphor water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. Six to twelve spoonfuls a day, in 
diarrhoea. Beral. 



Suppositories of Tannic Acid. 

R. Tannic acid, sixty grains. 

Oil of theobroma, three hundred 

grains. 

Mix the tannin well with sixty grains of 
the oil, add it to the remainder of the oil 
previously melted and cooled again to 95° ; 
then pour into moulds and make twelve 
suppositories. U. S. Ph. 

They contain five grains each, or, if made 
according to Brit. Ph., three grains of 
tannin. 



Ointment of Tannic Acid. 

R. Tannic acid, thirty grains. 

Lard, a troyounce. 

Rub the tannic acid well with the lard 

gradually added. U. S. Ph. 



ACIDUM TARTARICUM. 
Tartaric Acid. 

Is prepared from bi-tartrate of potassium, 
by saturating the excess of acid with chalk, 
and decomposing the insoluble tartrate of 
calcium by means of dilute sulphuric acid, 
evaporating and crystallizing. 

It is cooling and diuretic in doses of a 
drachm or more. 



Syrup of Tartaric Acid. 



R. Tartaric acid, 
Distilled water, 

Dissolve and mix with 
Cold simple syrup, 



two ounces, 
four ounces. 

ninety-four 
ounces. 

Paris Codex. 



Lozenges of Tartaric Acid. 
R. Powdered tartaric acid, three 

drachms. 
White sugar, one pound. 

Oil of lemons, sixteen drops. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 

Make into lozenges of twelve grains. Used 
to allay thirst. Cottereau. 



Lemonade of Tartaric Acid. 

R. Syrup of tartaric acid, one part. 
Water, nine parts. 

Mix. For an agreeable acidulous drink. 

Paris Codex. 



102 



ACIDUM VALEKIAXICUM. — ACOXITUM 



Effervescing Powders. 
R. Tartaric acid, five drachms. 

Divide into twelve powders. 
R. Bicarbonate of sodium, six 

drachms. 

Divide into twelve powders. U. S. Ph. 

An acid and alkaline powder are sepa- 
rately dissolved in water, and the mixed so- 
lutions are taken in a state of effervescence. 

R. Powdered bicarbonate 

of sodium, ten parts. 

Powdered tartaric acid, nine parts. 
Powdered white 

sugar, nineteen parts. 

Dry the articles thoroughly. Mix them, 
and keep the powder in a dry place. 

Ph. Germ. 



ACIDUM YALERIANICUM. 

Valerianic Acid. 

This acid may be obtained by. distilling 
valerian with water until the distillate 
ceases to have an acid reaction ; the liquid 
is neutralized with soda, evaporated nearly 
to crystallization, supersaturated with sul- 
phuric acid, and distilled. 

Or valerian may be boiled with a weak 
solution of carbonate of sodium, the ex- 
pressed liquid supersaturated with sulphuric 
acid, and distilled. The acid distillate is 
neutralized by soda and treated as before ; 
finally the oily acid is separated from the 
water. 

Paris Codex digests one hundred parts of 
cut valerian, five hundred water, six bichro- 
mate of potassium, and ten parts of sul- 
phuric acid for twenty-four hours, distils, 
and proceeds as above. 



Artificial Valerianic Acid. 
R. Bichromate of potassium, ten 

pounds. 
Water, twenty pounds. 

Dissolve with heat, allow to cool, and add 
a mix t ure of 

Sulphuric acid, ten pounds. 

Rectified fusel oil, two pounds. 
Distil sixteen pounds, add to the residue 
Sulphuric acid, six pounds. 

And again distil about four pounds. Neu- 
tralize the mixed distillates with carbonate 

of sodium, remove the oil (amyl-valerian- 
ate) concentrate the liquid, supersaturate 
With si. i | ill uric acid, distil, and separate llie 

acid from the water. Wittstein. 

Valerianic acid is a colorless oily liquid 
of a penetrating disagreeable odor, and a 



specific gravity of 0.935 U. S. Ph., 0.940 to 
0.950 Ph. Germ., 0.955 Paris Codex. It is 
readily soluble in alcohol and ether, and in 
thirty parts of cold water, and it dissolves 
of the latter liquid about twenty per cent. 

Valerianic acid is used in medicine only in 
combination with bases. 



ACONITUM. 

Aconite. Monkshood. 

Many species of Aconitum are officinal in 
the various pharmacopoeias, but the only 
one recognized by the U. S. Ph. is the A. 
napellus, a native of Europe. 

Sext. Syst. Polyand. Trigyn. Nat. Syst. 
E-anunculacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 751. Griffith, Med. Bot. 90. 

The whole plant is possessed of highly 
deleterious properties, but the root is the 
most powerful. The leaves are also made 
use of. They have a somewhat nauseous 
odor, and a bitterish, acrid taste, followed 
by a peculiar tingling and burning of the 
lips. They owe their properties to the pre- 
sence of an alkaloid called Aconitia. 



Compound Powder of Aconite. 

R. Powdered aconite leaves, 
Precip. sulph. of 

antimon., each, one grain. 

Carbonate of 

magnesium, one scruple. 

Mix. As an anodyne and diaphoretic in 
gout and rheumatism. Vogler. 



Extract of Aconite. 
R. Recently dried aconite leaves in 
fine powder, twelve troy ounces. 
Alcohol, a pint. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement, using first the 
alcohol, afterwards diluted alcohol, three 
pints of tincture, or enough to exhaust. 
Evaporate the first pint spontaneously to 
three fluidounces, and the remaining tinc- 
ture, by means of a water-bath at 160° F., 
to a syrupy consistence, add the three 
fluidounces and evaporate at or below 120° 
to the proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 

Parts Codex exhausts with 60 per ct. 
alcohol. 

The extract of aconite of Brit. Ph. is 
the inspissated juice, containing the ex- 
pressed chlorophyll, but free from the al- 
bumen. The inspissated juice of Paris 
Codex contains neither albumen nor chlo- 
rophyll. 

Dose, one-half to one grain. 



ACONITUM. 



103 



Extract of Aconite Root. 

R. Powdered aconite root, two parts. 
Alcohol, 68 pr. ct., four parts. 
Macerate for a week, express, and treat the 
residue again with three parts of alcohol of 
like strength. Filter the mixed tinctures 
and evaporate to the proper consistence. 

Ph. Germ. 
Dose, one-eighth to one-third of a grain. 



Pills of Extract of Aconite. 
R. Alcoholic extract of 

aconite, one grain. 

Powdered liquorice, twelve grains. 

Syrup, sufficient 

to form a consistent mass. Divide into six 

pills. Dose, one every three or four hours. 

Turnbull. 



Aconite plaster. 
R. Aconite root in 

powder, sixteen tro}< ounces. 
Alcohol, 
Resin plaster, each, sufficient. 

Exhaust the aconite root by percolation 
with alcohol, distil off the alcohol, evapo- 
rate to a soft extract and add sufficient 
resin plaster to make the mixture weigh 
sixteen troyounces. U. S. Ph. 

Used in neuralgia. 



Oleoinfusion of Aconite. 
R. Bruised fresh Aconite 

leaves, one part. 

Olive oil, two parts. 

Heat over a slow fire until the moisture has 
evaporated, strain, and filter. Paris Codex. 



Aconite Ointment. 
R. Alcoholic extract of 

aconite, one part. 

Lard, two parts. 

Recommended as a friction in neuralgia. 

Turnbull. 



Ointment of Aconite and Chloroform. 

R. Tincture of aconite root, 

Chloroform, each, two drachms. 
Hog's lard, one troyounce. 

Mix. Apply to the part and cover with 

Gray. 



cotton. 



Compound Wine of Aconite. 
R. Alcoholic extract of 

aconite, one drachm. 

Antimonial wine, one ounce. 



Make a solution. Dose, fifteen or twenty 
drops every three hours, gradually increas- 
ing till some effect is produced. 

Found beneficial in chronic rheumatism, 
toothache, neuralgia, etc. Richter. 



Tincture of Aconite Leaves. 

R. Aconite leaves, 

powered, four parts. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient 

to obtain by displacement two pints. 

U. S. Ph. 1860. 
Dose, ten to twenty drops three times 
a day. The effects should be carefully 
watched. In rheumatism, neuralgia, etc. 

R. Aconite leaves, bruised, one part. 
Alcohol of 60 per ct. five parts. 
Macerate for five days and filter. 

Paris Codex. 



Tincture of Aconite Root. 
R. Powdered aconite 

root, twelve troyounces. 

Alcohol, sufficient 

to obtain by displacement two pints. 

Dose, five to eight drops. It is also em- 
ployed as an embrocation or as an addition 
to liniments in rheumatism, neuralgia, etc. 
The tincture of Brit. Ph. is nearly one- 
third, that of Ph. Germ, one-fourth the 
strength of the preceding. 



Liniment of Aconite Root. 
R. Powdered aconite 

root, eight troyounces. 

Glycerin, one fl. ounce. 



Alcohol, 



sufficient. 



Macerate the aconite with four fl. ounces 
of alcohol for twenty-four hours, then pack 
it in a conical percolator, and add alcohol 
gradually, until two pints of tincture have 
passed. Distil off a pint and a half, and 
evaporate the residue to seven fluidounces. 
To this add the glycerin, and mix them. 

U. S. Ph. 
For painful sprains, bruises, arthritic 
swellings, neuralgia, etc. 

R. Aconite root, 

powdered, twenty ounces. 

Camphor, one ounce. 

Rectified spirit. 

Moisten the aconite with some of the spirit 
and macerate for three days ; then perco- 
late slowly into a receiver containing the 
camphor until the product measures a pint 
(twenty fl. ounces). Brit. Ph. 



104 



ACONITIA 



JTHEE ACETICUS. 



Ammoniated Aconite Ointment. 
R. Extract of aconite, one drachm. 

Water of ammonia, ten drops. 

Lard, three drachms. 

Rub the extract and ammonia together 
until the excess of the latter has evapo- 
rated, then add the lard. 

Used for the same purposes as the aconite 
ointment, but more active and pungent. 

Turribull. 



Mixture of Aconite. 

R. Tincture of aconite 

leaves, one fl. drachm. 

Carbonate of sodium, one drachm 
and a half. 
Sulphate of 

magnesium, one ounce and a half. 
Water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. In gastralgia. A tablespoonful, 
when the pain is urgent. Fleming. 



ACONITIA 

ACONITIA. 

R. Aconite root, in 
moderately 

fine powder, forty-eight troy- 
ounces. 
Diluted sulphuric 

acid, a fl. ounce and 

a half. 
Alcohol, ] 

Stronger water | 

of ammonia, )■ each, sufficient. 
Stronger ether, 
Distilled water, 

Digest the aconite with a gallon of the 
alcohol for twenty-four hours in a close 
vessel, transfer to a percolator and obtain 
twenty-four pints of tincture, distil until 
one pint is left, to which add a pint of water 
previously mixed wiih the acid, Remove 
the oil and resin, and evaporate to four fl. 
ounces; agitate this with six fl. ounces of 
ether t<> remove more oil and resin, add a 
Blight excess of ammonia, and shake the 
liquid with three different portions of ether 
of six fl. ounces each. Mix the ethereal 
liquids, evaporate spontaneously, and. rub 

tin residue to powder. (', S. Ph. 

Tin- processes of Brit. /V/.and Paris Codex 
are more complicated, but yield a purer 
product. 

Not u-ed internally, hut successfully em- 
ployed externally in neuralgia, gout, and 
rheumatism. 



Aconitia Ointment. 
R. Aconitia, eight grains. 

Alcohol, half a tluidrachm. 



Dissolve, and add, 

Prepared lard, one drachm. 

Mix thoroughly. Brit. Ph. 

Employed in neuralgia, "by rubbing over 
the painful parts. A small portion, not 
exceeding the size of a pea, is to be used 
at a time. The operation to be repeated 
three or four times a day. 



Aconitia Lotion. 

R. Aconitia, eight grains. 

Alcohol, two fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Used by means of a friction- 
sponge over the affected part. Never to 
be employed where the skin is broken or 
abraded. Turnbull. 



ADIANTUM 

Maidenhair. 



Two species of this genus, A. pedatum and 
A. capillus veneris, have been much used in 
Europe as remedies in pectoral affections. 
They are both bitter and aromatic, but the 
former is the most active. It is a native of 
the United States. 

.Sex. Syst. Cryp. Fil. Nat. Syst. Polypo- 
diacese. 



Syrup of Maidenhair. 

R. Maidenhair, five ounces. 

Boiling water, fifty ounces. 

Infuse for six hours, strain, and add for 
every ten ounces of liquids 

Sugar, nineteen ounces. 

Dissolve in a water-bath. Dor vault. 

This syrup is known under the name of 

syrup ofcapillaire, and is much employed in 

France as a pectoral. Dose, a tablespoonful. 



.ETHER ACETICUS. 
Acetic Ether. 
R. Alcohol (sp. gr. .835), three thou- 
sand parts. 
Acetic acid (sp. gr. 1.063), two 
thousand parts. 
Sulphuric acid, six hundred 

parts. 

Mix the alcohol and acetic acid in a glass 
retort, add gradually the other acid, distil 
in a sand-bath four thousand parts, rectify 
this product witli a small quantity of car- 
bonate of potassium toobtain three thousand 
parts. Codex. 

Its sp. gr. is 0.5)2, Paris Codex; 0.900 to 
0.904, /'//. derm. 

This ether is milder, more agreeable and 



J1THER HYDEOCYANICUS 



SULPHURICUS 



105 



diaphoretic, than the other ethers. It is 
used in low fevers, spasmodic vomiting, and 
cardialgia, in doses of ten drops to a drachm. 



Spirit of Acetic Ether. 

R. Acetic ether, 

Alcohol, each, equal parts. 

Mix. Dorvault. 

R. Acetic ether one part. 

Alcohol, three parts. 
Mix. This is employed as a substitute for 

Hoffmann's anodyne, in about the same 

doses. Giordano. 



Mixture of Acetic Ether. 

R. Acetic ether, 

Ethereal tincture of valerian, 
Tincture of opium, equal parts. 
Mix. Dose, from ten to thirty drops, in 
hysteria and hypochondriasis. Radius. 



.ETHER HYDROCYANICTJS. 

Hydrocyanic Ether. 

R. Cyanide of potassium, 
Sulpho-vinate of barium, 

equal parts. 
Mix and put in a glass retort, distil by a 
moderate heat. The product separates into 
two strata, the lighter of which is impure 
hydrocyanic ether ; this is to be separated 
and agitated with four or five times its bulk 
of water at 120° to 140° F., again agitated 
with a little water, decanted, and placed in 
contact with chloride of calcium for twenty- 
four hours, and then distilled. 

Sp. gr. 0.78. Magendie. 

This preparation is said to resemble hy- 
drocyanic acid in its therapeutical effects, 
but is less active. Its smell is, however, 
penetrating and offensive. The dose is one 
to three drops, in mucilage or emulsion, in 
obstinate or convulsive coughs. It is scarcely 
ever used. 



J3THER MURIATICUS. 

Muriatic Ether. 

R. Muriatic acid, 

Alcohol, equal parts. 

Distil in Wolff's apparatus, and preserve 
the product contained in the second re- 
ceiver, surrounded by snow and salt. 

Coltereau. 
It has much the same properties as the 
other ethers. Dose, thirty to forty drops. 



Spirit of Muriatic Ether. 
R. Muriatic ether, 

Alcohol, equal parts. 

Mix. Dose, half a teaspoonful. 

Cottereau. 



Mixture of Muriatic Ether. 
R. Spirit of muriatic ether, 

half a fl. drachm. 
Parsley water, 

Syrup of rhubarb, one 

fluidounce. 

Mix. A teaspoonful every hour for young 
children as a diuretic. Wendt. 



Spirit of Chlorated Ether. 

(Sweet Spirit of Salt. Chlorated 

Muriatic Ether.) 

R. Hydrochloric acid, six parts. 

Alcohol, twenty-four parts. 

Mix, and pour into a large retort containing 

Black oxide of manganese, 

in small pieces, sufficient 

to be not completely covered by the liquid. 
Distil twenty-five parts, neutralize the dis- 
tillate with lime-water, and obtain by dis- 
tillation twenty-one parts. Dose, half a 
teaspoonful. Ph. Germ. 



iETHER (U. S.)-ilTHER 
SULPHURICUS. 

Ether. Sulphuric Ether. 

It is an energetic diffusible stimulant, and 
is much employed as an excitant and anti- 
spasmodic in what are termed nervous dis- 
orders. It is also considered to be anthel- 
mintic. In vapor it has been used in small 
quantities as an inhalation in chronic irrita- 
tions of the lungs, and to induce uncon- 
sciousness to pain in surgical operations. 
The dose of the fluid is from halfafl. drachm 
to two drachms. Locally applied it pro- 
duces a sensation of cold and anaesthesia ; 
if the vapor be confined, it acts as a rubefa- 
cient. 

Ether is obtained by distilling a mixture 
of alcohol and sulphuric acid at a tempera- 
ture of between 266° and 280° ; the distillate 
is agitated with a solution of potassa, and 
then rectified until it attains the sp. gr. 0.750 
(0.735, Brit. Ph.). 



Stronger Ether. Pure Ether. 
R. Ether, 

Water, each, three pints. 

Powdered chloride of calcium, 
Powdered lime, each, one ounce. 



106 



EITHER TEKEJJINTHINATUS 



Shake the ether and water thoroughly, 
separate the ether and agitate it well with 
the powders, decant after 24 hours and dis- 
til a pint and a half. U. S. Ph. 
Its specific gravity is 0.728 U. S. Ph. and 
Germ. Ph., 0.720 Brit. Ph., 0.725 Paris 
Codex. 



Ethereal Oil. 
(Oil of Wine.) 

R. Stronger alcohol, two pints. 

Sulphuric acid, fiftyy-five 

troy ounces. 

Mix. Distil at a temperature between 302° 
and 315°, till a black froth rises in the 
retort. Let the distillate, in a shallow cap- 
sule, evaporate spontaneously for 24 hours, 
transfer the residue to a wet filter, wash the 
oil with distilled water, then measure it 
and mix it with an equal volume of stronger 
ether. U. S. Ph. 

Its specific gravity is 0.91. 



Spirit of Ether. 

(Hoffmann's Anodyne of Germ. Ph. 

and Paris Codex.) 

R. Ether, one part. 

Alcohol, three parts. 

Mix. Ph. Germ. 
R. Ether, 

Stronger alcohol, each, equal parts. 

Mix. Paris Codex. 

R. Ether, ten fl. ounces. 



Alcohol, 



Mix. 



twenty fl. ounces. 
Brit. Ph. 



Hoffmann's Anodyne. 
R. Ether, half a pint. 

Alcohol, one pint. 

Ethereal oil, six fl. drachms. 

Mix. U.S. Ph. 

Dose, a teaspoonful in sweetened water. 



Lotion of Sulphuric Ether. 
R. Sulphuric ether, two fl. ounces. 

Vinegar, six 11. ounces. 

Rose water, four fl. ounces. 

DM illed water, two pints. 

Mix. As a lotion to painful inflammatory 
tumors. Pierquin. 



Syrup of Ether. 
R. Ether, 

Alcohol, each, one troyounce. 

Wat < t, two troyounces. 

Syrup, sixteen troyounces. 

Mix in a glass vessel, having a stopcock at 



the lower part; shake occasionally for a 
week, and draw off when clear into small 
bottles. Paris Codex. 

Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. 



Ether Mixture. 
R. Syrup of orange flowers, 
Orange-flower 

water, each, one troyounce. 

Linden-flower 

water, three troyounces. 



Ether, 



thirty-two grains. 



Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. Paris Codex. 



Mixture of Ether and Opium. 
R. Ether, thirty grains. 

Syrup, three hundred grains. 

Syrup of orange flowers, 

Orange-flower 

water, each, 450 grains. 

Water, six troyounces and a half. 
Mix. Paris Codex. 



Mixture of Sulphuric Ether and 
Camphor. 

R. Camphor mixture, seven fl. ounces. 

Sulphuric ether, 

Syrup of saffron, 

each, half fl. ounce. 

Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. 



Mixture of Sulphuric Ether and 
Turpentine. 

R. Sulphuric ether, one fl. drachm. 

Oil of turpentine, two fl. drachms. 

Sugar, four drachms. 

Water, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. Two fl. drachms every quarter of an 
hour in poisoning by nux vomica. Orfila. 



^ETIIER TEREBINTHINATUS. 

Terebinthinated Ether. 

R. Alcohol, two pounds. 

Spirit of turpentine, half a pound. 
Mix, and add gradually 

Nitric acid, two pounds. 

Distil off one-half at a gentle heat. Dose, 
from twenty to forty drops, in syrup or 
mucilage. Used internally and externally 
in cuses of biliary calculi, jaundice, en- 
dorsements of the liver, and rheumatism. 

Cadet. 



ALBUMINUM 



ALLIUM. 



107 



ALBUMINUM. 

Albumen. 

This name is applied to nitrogenated 
principles contained in animal and vegetable 
juices ; they are coagulated by heat, and 
become then insoluble in water. Vegetable 
albumen is not employed in medicine, the 
variety generally used being the white liquid 
separated from the yolk of eggs. 



Desiccated Albumen. 
R. The whites of eggs, at will. 

Spread in thin layers on linen or muslin, 
stretched over a frame and contained in an 
airy room, well protected from dust ; when 
dry put on a second layer and so on. until 
the dry albumen becomes detached in scales. 
Stan. Martin. 



Water of Albumen. 
R. The whites of four esfss. 

\\ ater, two pints. 

Beat first with a little water, then add the 
remainder, strain and add 

Orange-flower water, three drachms. 
Mix. A demulcent drink and as an anti- 
dote to metallic poisons, particularly corro- 
sive sublimate. Paris Codex. 



Iodated Albumen. 
R. Powdered albumen, one ounce. 
Water, ten ounces. 

Macerate for twenty-four hours ; then add 
to it gradually a mixture of 

Tincture of iodine, one ounce. 

Water, two ounces. 

Heat the mixture upon a water-bath, evapo- 
rate to dryness and reduce the residue to 
powder. Renault. 

It forms an inodorous yellowish powder, 
which swells with water like tragacanth. 



ALETRIS 
Star Grass. 



Aletris farinosa. Linn. Bigelow, Am. 
Med. Bot. iii. 50. Griffith, Med. Bot. 623. 

Sex. Syst. Hexandria monogynia. Xat. 
Syst. Hremodoraceae. Brown. 

A native plant, with an intensely bitter 
root, which is the officinal portion. The 
powder is tonic in doses of ten grains. 



Tincture of Aletris. 

R. Aletris root, bruised, three ounces. 
Diluted Alcohol, two pints. 

Make tincture by displacement. Dose, 
half an ounce to an ounce in colic, and in 
smaller doses in chronic rheumatism. 



ALLIUM. 

Garlic. 

Several species of Allium have been em- 
ployed in medicine, but the most important, 
and that recognized by the Pharmacopoeia, 
is J, sativum. Liun. Griffith, Med. Bjt. 653. 
The part used is the bulb, which is com- 
posed of several bulblets or cloves (spicce), 
surrounded by a dry, white, thin capsular 
membrane. These cloves have a peculiar 
odor, and an acrid and pungent taste. The 
properties depend on the presence of a vola- 
tile oil, and are lost on drying. 

Sex. Syst. Hex. monog. Nat. Syst. Liliacese. 

Garlic is a stimulating expectorant; diu- 
retic and diaphoretic when given internally, 
and acts as an irritant, or even vesicant, 
when applied externally. The dose in sub- 
stance is from half a drachm to a drachm, 
or more. 



Syrup of Garlic. 
R. Garlic, sliced and 

bruised, six troyounces. 

Diluted acetic acid, one pint. 

Sugar, twenty-four troyounces. 
Macerate the garlic in ten ounces of acid, 
in a glass vessel for four days, and express. 
Then add remainder of acid to dregs, and 
again express. Add sugar and form syrup. 

U. S. Ph. 
As an expectorant in chronic catarrhs, 
well suited for children. Dose, for a child, 
about a teaspoonful. 



Cataplasm of Garlic. 

Bruised cloves of garlic, mixed with com- 
mon bread and milk poultice, in different 
proportions. Used as a revulsive, but less 
active than the mustard cataplasm. 



Liniment of Garlic. 
R. Garlic, 

Lard, equal parts. 

To be well rubbed together. Has been re- 
commended as a revulsive in infantile ner- 
vous and convulsive disorders. Gassicourt. 



Capillary Lotion. 
R. Garlic, three or four cloves. 

Alcohol, two pints. 

Macerate for thirty-six hours, filter, and 
add of 

Burdock, eight ounces. 

The head to be sponged with this every 
evening, for some weeks. It is said to be 
efficient to promote the growth of hair. 

Phoebus. 



108 



ALOE 



ALOE. 

Aloes. 

Under this name are included the inspis- 
sated juices of several species of Aloe, and 
especially of A. vulgaris, A. socotrina, and A. 
spicata. 

Sex. Syst. Hexandria monogynia. Nat. 
Syst. Liliacere. 

Pereira, Mat. Med., ii. 113. Griffith, Med. 
Bot., 649. 

Three varieties of aloes are found in the 
shops, the Cape, Socotrine, and Barbadoes. 
The second, when genuine, is the most es- 
teemed, but the first is by far the most 
abundant, and, when good, answers every 
purpose for which the drug is used. 

U. S. Bis., art. Aloe. 



Purified Aloes. 
R. Socotrine aloes, twenty-four 

troyounces. 
Stronger alcohol, four fl. ounces. 
Melt the aloes by means of a water-bath, 
add the alcohol, mix and strain through a 
fine hair sieve, previously moistened with 
boiling water. Evaporate until it becomes 
brittle on cooling. U. S. Ph. 



Powder of Aloes 
R. Aloes, 

White sugar, 
Pulverize very finely. Recommended to 
be blown in the eye, to remove films and 
specks on the cornea. Radius. 



six grains, 
one drachm. 



Mix. For a single dose, to be repeated 
three times a day. Brera. 



Powder of Aloes and Canella. 
R. Socotrine aloes in fine 

powder, twelve troyounces. 

Canella powder, three troyounces. 
Mix. Dose, five to fifteen grains. A popu- 
lar emmenagogue, known as Hiera Picra. 

U. S. Ph. 



Compound Powder of Aloes. 
R. Aloes, an ounce and a half. 

Gruaiacum resin, one ounce. 

Compound powder of 

cinnamon, half an ounce. 

Powder the aloes and resin separately, and 
then mix them with the compound powder 
of cinnamon. Dose, ten to twenty grains. 
Used as a purgative and diaphoretic. 

Land. Ph. 



Emmenagogue Powder. 

R. Iron rust, six grains. 

Powdered aloes, two grains. 

Magnesia, thirty grains. 



Aloes Pills. 
R. Powdered Socotrine aloes, 

" soap, each, forty-eight 

grains. 

Form a mass with water, to be divided into 

twenty-four pills. Dose, one to three as a 

laxative, five or more as a purgative. 

U. S. Ph. 
Brit. Ph. directs confection of roses for 
one-half of the soap, and adds some vola- 
tile oil of nutmeg ; pills of Barbadoes aloes 
are made by the same formula, using oil of 
caraway in place of oil of nutmeg. 

Paris Codex directs two parts of Cape 
aloes to one of confection of roses, to be 
made into pills weighing 0.15 gramme 



Compound Pills of Aloes. 
R. Powdered aloes, half a drachm. 
" rhubarb, one drachm. 

Oil of cloves, four drops. 

Soap, eight grains. 

Syrup of rhubarb, sufficient. 

Rub well together, and form forty pills. In 
tardy menstruation, one at night or oftener 
if required, so as to open bowels but not to 
purge. Dewees. 

R. Powdered aloes, one ounce. 

Extract of gentian, half an ounce. 
Oil of caraway, forty minims. 

Molasses, sufficient. 

Beat together till incorporated. Lond. Ph. 
Dose, five to fifteen grains. A valuable 
purgative in habitual costiveness. 



Aloes and Assafcetida Pills. 

R. Powdered Socotrine ^ 

aloes, ! each,thirt^ 

Assafcetida, j two grains. 

Soap, in powder, j 

Beat with water to form a mass ; divide 

into twenty-four pills. Dose, two to five. 

Useful in costiveness with flatulency. 

U. S. Ph. 

R. Socotrine aloes, in 
powder, 
Assafcetida, 
Hard soap, in 

powder, 

Confection of roses, 

Beat together until thoroughly mixed. 

Dose, five to ten grains. Brit. Ph. 



each, one 
ounce. 



ALOE. 



109 



Aloes and Myrrh Pills. 
R. Purified aloes, in fine 

powder, forty-eight grains. 

Myrrh, in fine powder, twenty- 
four grains. 
Aromatic powder, twelve grains. 
Syrup, sufficient. 

Beat together, to form a mass ; divide into 
tweuty-lbur pills. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, from three to six. A well-known 
cathartic and emmenagogue, under the 
name of Rufus's pills. 

R. Socotrine aloes, two ounces. 

Myrrh, one ounce. 

Saffron, dried, half an ounce. 

Confection of rose, two ounces 
and a half. 
Reduce the first three articles to powder, 
and beat with the confection into a uni- 
form mass. Dose, five to ten grains. 

Brit. Ph. 



Aloes and Iron Pills. 
R. Powdered aloes, 

Exsiccated sulphate of 

iron, each, equal parts. 

Mix, and with alcohol form pills, each 
weighing 0.1 gramme. Known as black 
Italian pills. Ph. Germ. 

R. Barbadoes aloes, 

powdered, two ounces. 

Sulphate of iron, one ounce and 

a half. 
Comp. cinnamon 

powder, three ounces. 

Conserve of roses, four ounces. 
Pulverize the sulphate of iron, mix the 
whole ingredients, and beat into a uniform 
mass. Dose, five to ten grains. Brit. Ph. 
A useful emmenagogue in chlorosis and 
atonic amenorrhcea. 



Chapman's Aperient Pills. 
R. Aloes, sixteen grains. 

Powdered rhubarb, twenty-four 

grains. 

Mastic, twelve grains. 

Mix, and make twelve pills. Chapman. 



Chapman's Anti-Dyspeptic Pills. 
R. Aloes, half a drachm. 

Powdered ipecacuanha, ten grains. 

Mastic, thirty grains. 

Oil of fennel, eight drops. 

Mix, and make twenty pills. Chapman. 



Mitchell's Aperient Pills. 
R. Aloes, sixteen grains. 

Powdered rhubarb, thirty-two 

grains. 
Calomel, two grains. 

Tartar emetic, one grain. 

Mix, and make sixteen pills. 

J. K. Mitchell 
Two or three pills act as an aperient. 



Hooper's Pills. 
R. Aloes, four hundred parts. 

Crystallized sul- 
phate of iron, two hundred parts. 
Extract of black ] 

hellebore, I each, one hun- 

Myrrh, j drecl parts. 

Soap, J 

Powdered canella, 
Powdered ginger, each, fifty parts. 
Beat into a mass with water, and divide 
into pills of two and a half grains. 

Much used as a cathartic and an em- 
menagogue. 

Journ. Phil. Coll. Pharm., v. 25. 



Anderson's Pills. 

R. Aloes, seven hundred and 

eight3^-seven parts. 

Soap, one hundred and 

thirty-one parts. 

Colocynth, 

Gamboge, each, thirty-three parts. 
Oil of aniseed, sixteen parts. 

Reduce the aloes, colocynth, and gamboge 
to a very fine powder, add oil of aniseed 
and soap, and beat into a mass with water ; 
divide into three grain pills. A mild pur- 
gative. Journ. Phil. Coll. Pharm., v. 25. 



Pills of Aloes and Mastic. 

R. Socotrine aloes, forty-eight grains. 
Mastic, 

Red rose-leaves, each, twelve 

grains. 

Beat with water into a uniform mass, and di- 
vide into twenty-four pills. Known as Lady 
Webster's dinner pills, and used as a laxa- 
tive in costiveness dependent on impaired 
digestion. Dose, one to three. U. S. Ph. 



Morrison's Pills. 
No. 1. R. Aloes, 

Cream of tartar, equal 

parts. 

Mucilage, sufficient 

to form mass. 



110 



ALOE, 



No. 2. R. Aloes, three parts. 

Gamboge, two parts. 

Colocynth, one part. 

Cream of tartar, four parts. 
Powder finely, and add 

Simple syrup, sufficient 
to form mass. Dose, five to ten grains. 
These purge actively, especially No. 2. 

Cooley. 



Fuller's Pills. 
R. Aloes, half a drachm. 

Senna, 

Myrrh, each, one scruple. 

Assafetida, 

Galbanum, each, ten grains. 

Saffron, 

Mace, each, five grains. 

Sulphate of iron, two scruples. 

Simple s} T rup, sufficient 

to form mass. Dose, five to fifteen grains, 
used as an antispasmodic and aperient. 

Cooley. 



James's Analeptic Fills. 
R. Antimonial powder, 

Resin of guaiacum, 

Aloes and niyrrh pill, equal parts. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Form a mass, and divide into four grain 
pills. A diaphoretic purgative. Cooley. 



Peters' s Pills. 
R. Aloes, 

Jalap, 

Scammony, 

Gamboge, 

Calomel, 

Beat into a mass with alcohol. A powerful 
purgative. Three pills, containing three 
grains each, constitute a full dose. Cooley. 



each, two drachms. 



one drachm. 



Speediman's Pills. 
R. Aloes, 
Myrrh, 

Rhubarb, each, one ounce. 

Extract of chamomile, half an 

ounce. 
Beat into a mass with syrup, and divide 
into lour grain pills. A good tonic and 
Btomachic purge. Burnett, 



Splenetic Pills. 

R. St rained aloes, 

(jJuin ammoniac, each, an ounce 
and a half. 



Myrrh, 

Bryonjr, each, two drachms. 

Beat into a mass, and divide into four grain 
pills. Dose, three to five. Extolled in 
amenorrhcea and hypochondriasis. 

Saunders. 



Duchesne's Fills. 
R. Aloes, 

Gum ammoniac, each, twenty-four 

grains. 
Myrrh, six grains. 

Mastic, 

Carbonate of potassium, each, two 

grains. 
Saffron, one grain. 

Simple syrup, sufficient 

to make a mass. Dose, from ten to twenty 
grains. Prescribed in engorgements of the 
abdominal viscera, supervening on inter- 
mittent fevers. Van Mons. 



Stahl's Aperient Pills. 
R. Powdered aloes, forty grains. 

Extract of colocynth, twenty 

grains. 

Powdered iron, ten grains. 

Syrup, sufficient 

to form mass. Divide into forty pills and 

roll in powdered cinnamon. Dose one or 

two at bedtime. 



Antichlorotic Pills. 
R. Aloes, 

Iron rust, each, half a drachm. 

Gum ammoniac, one drachm. 

Extract of dandelion, sufficient 

to form mass. Divide into pills of three 

grains each. Dose, three to six. morning 

and evening, in chlorosis and amenorrhcea. 

Radius. 



Bicker's Pills. 
R. Iron rust, two drachms. 

Sulphur, "> 

Myrrh, >■ each, one drachm. 

Aloes, ) 
Beef gall, sufficient 

to form mass. Divide into four grain pills. 
Six, morning and evening. Radius. 



Whytt's Pills. 
Chloride of iron, 
Aloes, 
Extract of hore- 

hound, 
Assafetida, one drachm and a half. 



each, half a 
drachm. 



ALOE 



111 



Form a mass. Divide into two grain pills. 
Dose, four to five, three times a day, in 
leucorrhoea and hysteria with constipation. 

Radius. 



Barthez's Pills. 

B. Aloes, half a .drachm 

Myrrh, one drachm 

Musk, twenty grains, 

Camphor, ten grains. 



Balsam Peru, 



sufficient 



to form mass. Dose, eight grains, three 
times a day. Advised in amenorrhoea and 
chlorosis. Pierquin. 



Pitschaft's Eccoprotic Pills. 
B. Strained aloes, 
Sulphate of quinia, 

each, one scruple. 

Mix, and divide into twenty pills. Dose, 
one at bedtime. Found useful in torpor of 
the large intestines. Radius. 



Prank's Pills. 
B. Aloes, 

Jalap, each, four parts. 

Rhubarb, one part. 

Syrup of wormwood, sufficient 

to form mass. Divide into three grain pills. 
Dose, one to four during the day. 

These are the Grains de SantS, so much 
employed as dinner pills in Europe. Foy. 



Aloes and Rhubarb Pills. 
B. Powdered aloes, 

Rhubarb, each, half a drachm. 



Soap, 



sufficient 



to form mass. Divide into twenty-five pills. 
Three or four occasionally in dyspepsia with 
costiveness. Ellis. 



Aperient Pills. 
B. Aloes, 

Rhubarb, each, one drachm. 

Ipecacuanha, six grains. 

Soap, one scruple. 

Form mass with water, and divide into sixty 
pills. Dose, one at bedtime, as an aperient ; 
two or three as a purgative. Ellis. 



Pills of Aloes and Blue Mass. 

B. Blue mass, one scruple. 

Powdered aloes, twenty-five 

grains. 
Incorporate, and divide into fifteen pills. 



Dose, one every two hours till they operate. 
Useful in constipation where there is a de- 
ficiency of bile. Ellis, 



Laxative Electuary. 

B. Aloes, eight grains. 

Cream of tartar, two drachms. 

Honey, sufficient 

to form electuary. For a single dose. Ad- 
vised iu amenorrhoea attributed to ab- 
dominal engorgement. Brera. 



Extract of Aloes. 

B. Powdered aloes, one part. 

Distilled water, four parts. 

Macerate for two days with occasional 
agitation, strain, evaporate to dryness and 
pulverize. • Ph. Germ. 

B. Socotrine aloes in 

fragments, one pound. 

Boiling distilled water, ten pounds. 

Macerate for twelve hours, decant, strain, 
and evaporate. An extract of Barbadoes 
aloes is prepared by the same process. 
Dose, two to six grains. Brit. Ph. 



Extract of Aloes with Sulphuric Acid. 

B. Extract of aloes, one troyounce. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Dissolve and add gradually 

Pure sulphuric 

acid, sixty grains. 

Evaporate in a procelain capsule to dry- 
ness. Ph. Germ. 



Pills of Extract of Aloes. 

B. Extract of aloes, thirty grains. 
Extract of mix vomica, six grains. 
Extract of hyoscyamus, twenty 

grains. 
Powdered ipecacuanha, one grain. 

Make twenty pills. Dose, one at night in 
habitual constipation. — Pilulce salutis. 

Van Buren. 



Anthelmintic Suppository. 

B. Aloes, half an ounce. 

Common salt, three drachms. 

Flour, two ounces. 

Honey, sufficient 

to form a firm paste, to be divided into 

twelve suppositories. Used in cases of 

ascarides. Foy. 



112 



ALOE. 



Compound Decoction of Aloes. 
R. Extract of Socotrine aloes, 

one hundred and twenty grains. 

Carbonate of potassium, 

sixty grains. 

Myrrh, 

Saffron, each, ninety grains. 

Extract of liquorice, one ounce. 

Compound tincture 

of cardamom, eight fl. ounces. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Rub the dry ingredients, except the saffron, 
together, boil gently for five minutes with 
a pint (imperial) of distilled water, add the 
saffron, cool, add the tincture, macerate for 
two hours, filter through flannel, and wash 
the strainer with distilled water o obtain 
thirty fl. ounces. Dose, half a fl. ounce to 
two fl. ounces. A mild cathartic, tonic, 
antacid, and emmenagogue. Brit. Ph. 



Clauder's Elixir. 
R. Carbonate of potassium, 

Chloride of ammonium, 

each, one ounce. 

Elder-flower water, a pint and a half. 
Make a solution, and add 

Strained aloes, 

Myrrh, each, one ounce. 

Saffron, two drachms. 

Digest for twenty- four hours, and filter. 
Dose, half a drachm to a drachm. Has 
been recommended in obstructions of the 
abdominal viscera, in amenorrhoea, consti- 
pation, scurvy, etc. Pideret. 



Enema of Aloes. 
R. A loos, forty grains. 

Carbonate of potassium, 

fifteen grains. 

Mucilage of starch, ten fl. ounces. 

Mix and rub together. Brit. Ph. 



Detersive Injection. 
R. Strained aloes, ten grains. 

Chloride of ammonium, 

four grains. 

Money of roses, one ounce. 

Fennel water, six ounces. 

Make solution, and filler. Stated to be 
useful ill chronic, discharges from the are- 
llira, to be injected three or four times a 
day. Soubeiran. 



Anthelmintic Clyster. 



K. Powdered aloe 
Barley water, 



one drachm, 
one pint. 



Mix. Yery effectual against ascarides in 
the rectum. Radius. 



Aloe tic Mixture. 

R. Strained aloes, 

Myrrh, each, one drachm. 

Cream of tartar, half an ounce. 

Myrrh water, six ounces. 

Make a solution, and filter. Dose, a table- 
spoonful night and morning, to provoke 
hemorrhoids. Foy. 



Alkaline Mixture of Aloes. 
R. Aloes, two ounces and a half. 

Bicarbonate of sodium, six ounces. 

Compound spirit of 

lavender, two fl. ounces. 

Water, four pints. 

Mix. Macerate for two weeks, and filter. 
Dose, from one fl. drachm to one fl. ounce, 
half an hour after meals, for persons of a 
costive habit. Mettauer. 



Wine of Aloes. 

R. Socotrine aloes, in powder, 

one troyounce. 
Cardamom, in powder, 
Ginger, in powder, 

each, sixty grains. 

Sherry wine, one pint. 

Macerate for seven days, occasionally agi- 
tating, then filter. U. S. Ph. 
This wine of Brit. Ph. is three-fifths the 
strength of the above. 

Purgative, in doses of half an ounce to 
two ounces ; stomachic and tonic, in doses 
of one to two drachms. 



Alkaline Wine of Aloes. 
R. Aloes, } 

Myrrh, v each, one ounce. 

Saffron, ) 

Carbonate of potas- 
sium, two ounces. 
Wine, two pints. 
Digest for ten days, and filter. Bitter, 
tonic, and stimulant. Recommended in dys- 
pepsia with pyrosis, in doses of an ounce. 

Swediaur. 



Balsamic Wine of Aloes. 

R. Aloes, 



Myrrh, 
Olibanum, 

Angelica, 
Balsam Bern, 



each, half an ounce. 



one ounce. 



ALOE, 



113 



two ounces, 
three ounces. 



Storax, 

Benzoin, 

Flowers of hyperi- 

cuin, four handfuls. 

Wine, four pints. 

Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. 
Dose half an ounce. 



Tincture of Aloes. 
R. Powdered Socotrine 

aloes, one troyounce. 

Liquorice, three troyounces. 

Alcohol, half a pint. 

Distilled water, one pint and 

a half. 

Macerate seven days, and filter. Dose, one 
drachm to an ounce. Purgative and sto- 
machic. U. S. Ph. 
The tincture of Brit. Ph. is rather less 
than two-thirds the strength of the preced- 
ing, but is made with proof spirit. 

R. Cape aloes, one part. 

Alcohol, 60 per ct. five parts. 

Macerate for eight days and filter. 

Paris Codex and Ph. Germ. 
Dose, ten drops to one drachm. 



Compound Tincture of Aloes. 



R 



nine parts. 



each, 

cut and bruised, 

one part. 



Aloes, 

Gentian, 

Rhubarb, 

Zedoary, 

Saffron, 

Agaric, 

Alcohol (sp. gr. .892), two 

hundred parts. 

Digest for a week and filter. Ph. Germ. 

Dose, half to one drachm. Much used in 

Europe under the name of elixir of life. 



Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh. 
R. Socotrine aloes, 

Myrrh, each, in powder, 

No. 50, three troyounces. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement two pints. 

U. S. Ph. 
The pharmacopoeia for 1850 directed one 
troyounce of saffron in addition to above. 

R. Aloes, 

Myrrh, each, in coarse 

powder, two parts. 

Powdered saffron, one part. 

8 



Alcohol, twenty-four parts. 

Diluted sulphuric acid, two parts. 

Macerate for eight days and filter. 

Ph. Germ. 
Long celebrated under the name of elixir 
proprietatis Paracelsi. It is purgative, 
stomachic, and emmenagogue. The dose is 
half a drachm to a drachm. Well suited to 
cold, torpid habits. 



Ethereal Tincture of Aloes. 

R. Myrrh, one ounce and a half. 

Spirit of sulphuric 

ether, one pound. 

Digest for four days, and add 

Aloes, one ounce and a half. 

Saffron, one ounce. 

Again digest for four days, and filter. 

Edin. Ph. 1817. 
This tincture has been highly esteemed 
as stomachic, vermifuge, and emmenagogue, 
in doses of half a drachm to a drachm. 



Boerhaave's Elixir. 
R. Aloes, ^ 

Myrrh, v each, one ounce. 

Saffron, ) 

Tartrate of potassium, two ounces. 
Alcohol, fourteen ounces. 

Distilled water, eight ounces. 

Macerate for three davs, and filter. 

Han. Ph. 
This has been highly praised in visceral 
obstructions. The dose is from half a 
drachm to a drachm. 



Stoughton's Elixir. 
R. Aloes, 

Cascarilla, each, one drachm. 

Rhubarb, four drachms. 

Wormwood, 

Germander, 

Gentian, 

Orange peel, 

Alcohol, two pints. 

Macerate for four days, and filter. Foy. 
Stimulant, tonic, and stomachic, in doses 
of twenty or thirty drops. 



each, six drachms. 



Spirit of Garus. 
R. Saffron, > each, 

Socotrine aloes, y one hundred 
Cloves, ) grains. 

Myrrh, forty grains 

Cinnamon, four hundred grains 
Nutmeg, 



two hundred grains. 



114 



ALTERA 



Alcohol (sp. gr. 0.864), sixteen 

pints. 
Macerate for four days, filter, add three 
pints of water, and distil sixteen pints. 

Paris Codex. 
This is used only for preparing the fol- 
lowing. 



Elixir of Garus. 

R. Spirit of garus, three pints, 

twenty grains. 



Yanilla, 



Saffron, ten grains. 

Macerate for two days and strain. Pre- 
pare an infusion of 

Maidenhair, four hundred grains. 

Boiling water, twenty fl. ounces. 
Express, strain, and add 

Sugar, forty troyounces. 

Make a syrup and mix it with the above 
spirit, and with 

Orange-flower water, eight ounces. 

Paris Codex. 

This preparation is an agreeable liquor, 

which is used in medicine mainly as a 

vehicle. 



R 



Suppositories of Aloes. 

Purified aloes in 

powder, No. 80, sixty grains. 
Oil of theobroma, three hundred 

grains. 

Make twelve suppositories. U. S. Ph. 

As a purgative and for seat-worms. 



Ointment of Aloes. 
R. Powdered aloes, two drachms. 
Lard, one ounce. 

Triturate well. 

Has been recommended as a friction to 
the abdomen as a vermifuge in children. 

Soubeiran. 



ALT II JE A. 
Marsh Mallow. 

Several species of Mallow are employed 
in medicine, bat that which is officinal is 
A. officinalis, a herbaceous perennial, with 
pale purplish flowers, a native of Europe, 
in moist situations. 

Sex. Syst. Monadelph. Polyand. Nat. Syst. 
Malvaeca-. 

Linn. Bp. PI. 966. Griffith, Med. Bot. 161. 

The parts used arc; the roots and leaves. 
These are inodorous, and have a vapid mu- 
cilaginous taste. They are much employed 



in Europe as demulcent and emollient, but 
their place is supplied in this country by 
other articles. 



Decoction of Marsh Mallow. 

R. Marsh mallow root, 

dried, four ounces. 

Raisins, stoned, two ounces. 

Boiling water, five pints. 

Boil down to three pints. Strain, and set 

aside until the dregs have subsided, and 

decant. Ed. Ph. 

A good demulcent drink. 



Syrup of Marsh Mallow. 

R. Marsh mallow root, fifty parts. 
Cold water, three hundred parts. 
Macerate for twelve hours, strain without 
expression, and add 

Syrup, fifteen hundred parts. 

Evaporate to the proper consistence, and 
strain. Codex. 

R. Marsh mallow root, one part. 

Wash with cold water and macerate for 
two hours in 

Cold water, twenty parts. 

Strain without expression, and in fifteen 
parts of the colature dissolve 

Sugar, twenty-four parts. 

A good demulcent. Much used in France 
and Germany. Ph. Germ. 



Pectoral Species.— Pectoral Tea. 

R. Marsh mallow root, eight parts. 

Liquorice root, three parts. 

Orris root, one part. 

Coltsfoot leaves, four parts. 
Mullein flowers, 

Star anise, each, two parts. 

Mix the articles, previously cut. 

Ph. Germ. 



Pectoral Tea with Fruit. 

R. Pectoral species, sixteen parts. 

St. John's bread, cut, six parts. 

Pearl barley, four parts. 

Figs, cut, three parts. 

Mix. Ph. Germ. 

The above are popular remedies for 

colds, etc., in Europe. 



Marsh Mallow Paste. 

The paste formerly made of one part 
each of powdered marsh mallow root and 
wheat flour, and two parts of sugar, is no 



ALUMINA. ALUMINII SULPHAS, 



115 



longer used ; in its place, but under the 
same name, the equally efficient gum paste 
is officinal. See pages 84 and 85. 



Marsh Mallow Lozenges. 
R. Marsh mallow root, ten parts. 

Water, forty parts. 

Boil, strain and evaporate the decoction to 
nine parts ; then add 

Tragacanth, one part. 

To form a mucilage ; incorporate with 

Sugar, one hundred parts. 

Form into lozenges of fifteen grains each. 
Paris Codex. 



Marsh Mallow Ointment. 
Ointments containing concentrated de- 
coctions of marsh mallow and other muci- 
laginous drugs, are inelegant preparations, 
and their use is discontinued. In their 
stead the following ointments are officinal 
under the above title, though not contain- 
ing any marsh mallow. 
R. Resin, one part. 

Yellow wax, two parts. 

Melt together and add 

Common turpentine, one part. 

Oleo-infusion of fenugreek, eight 

parts. 
Mix. Paris Codex. 

R. Powdered turmeric, one part. 

Lard, fifty parts. 

Digest for half an hour, and add 

Yellow wax, 

Resin, each, three parts. 

Melt together and strain. Ph. Germ. 



Powder of Marsh Mallow. 
R. Powdered mallow root, 

" liquorice root, each, 

three ounces. 



nitre, half an ounce. 



" camphor, one drachm. 

Mix, and divide into thirty powders ; one 
to be taken three times a day. Foy. 



ALUMINA 
Alumina. 



The hydrate of aluminium is found natu- 
rally in an impure state in the form of dif- 
ferent clays, boles, etc., and can be prepared 
in a pure state by the decomposition of alum. 



Hydrate of Aluminium. 
R. Alum, ten parts. 

Carbonate of sodium, nine parts. 



Distilled water. 



sufficient. 



Dissolve the salts separately each in eighty 
parts of hot water, mix the solutions, wash 
the precipitate well, express, dry, and 
powder. Ph. Germ. 

Used externally as an absorbent and as- 
tringent. 



Rust's Astringent. 
R. Armenian bole, 

Carbonate of magnesium, 

White sugar, each, two drachms. 

Oil of mace, two drops. 

Rhubarb, one drachm. 

Mix, and triturate well. Radius. 

Dose, a teaspoonful three times a day, in 

chronic gonorrhoea, vaginal and uterine 

catarrh, and slight menorrhagia. 



Electuary for the Teeth. 

R. "White bole, an ounce and a half. 

Gum lac, half an ounce. 

Cinnamon, a drachm and a. half. 

Syrup of pinks, sufficient 

to form soft paste. Triturate well together 
and keep in closed boxes. Used as a denti- 
frice, but is also beneficial in scorbutic 
gums. Swediaur. 



ALUMINII ACETAS. 
Acetate of Aluminium. 

R. Alum, a sufficient quantity. 

Dissolve in water, precipitate by means of 
aqua ammonise, filter, and dissolve the moist 
precipitate in acetic acid ; again filter, and 
evaporate. 

This has been recommended diluted with 
water in chronic diarrhoea, and mixed with 
syrup of poppies in slight cases of hemop- 
tysis. Dose, three to five grains. Van Mons. 



ALUMINII SULPHAS. 

Sulphate oe Aluminium. 

R. Alum, 

Carbonate of sodium, 

each, four troyounces. 

Sulphuric acid, six hundred 

and thirty grains. 

Water, sufficient. 

Dissolve the salts each in six fl. ounces of 
water, pour the alum into the soda solution, 
and digest until carbonic acid ceases to be 



116 



ALUMEN. 



given off. Collect the precipitate, wash it ' 
well, dissolve in the acid previously diluted 
with half a pint of water, filter and evapo- 
rate finally in a water-hath until a dry salt 
remains. U. S. Ph 

It is deliquescent, and has strongly astrin 
gent properties. 



Detergent Wash. 
R. Sulphate of aluminium, two 

drachms. 
Water, half a pint. 

Mix. As a wash to foul ulcers. 

PennypacJcer. 
M. Gartnal has found that a solution of 
this salt, made with about a pound to the 
quart of water, will preserve a body fresh 
for a long time, if injected into the blood- 
vessels ; where it is only wished to preserve 
the body for a month or six weeks, an 
enema of one quart, and an injection of 
about a quart into the oesophagus, are suf- 
ficient. Dunglison, N. R. 



ALUMEN. 



Alum. 

The U. 8. Ph. recognizes the sulphate of 
aluminium and ammonium, and also the sul- 
phate of aluminium and potassium. Most 
of the foreign pharmacopoeias employ the 
latter only. All commercial varieties of 
alum contain more or less sulphate of iron. 
Most of that used in this country is of 
domestic manufacture. 

Alum is employed both internally and 
externally as an astringent, in doses of ten 
grains to a scruple or more. 



Burnt Alum. 
R. Alum in coarse 

powder, four troyounces. 

Heat to not above 400° until the residue 
weighs two and a quarter troyounces; then 
rul) into powder. U. S. Ph. 

This gives a loss of water equal to nearly 
forty-four percent. Brit. Ph. continues the 
heat until the loss amounts to forty-seven 
per cent. 

Astringent, and a mild escharotic. It is 
much used to repress Hie growth of exuber- 
ant granulations or proud flesh. Dose, five 
to ten grains. 



Powder of Alum. 
R. Alum, one drachm. 

Gum Arabic, half a drachm. 

Triturate, and divide into four powders, 
one to be taken every three hours in atonic 
hemorrhage. 



R. Alum, a drachm and a half. 

Catechu, one drachm. 

Armenian bole, one ounce. 

Triturate well. To arrest hemorrhages. 
Dose, a teaspoonful. Van Mons. 

R. Alum, four ounces. 

Kino, one ounce. 

Triturate well. This is the Saccharine 
Alum of the continental writers. Dose, 
ten to twenty grains, in hemorrhages or 
diarrhoea. Ed. Ph. 

R. Alum, thirty grains. 

Powdered opium, three grains. 

Mix, and make six powders, one to be taken 

every four hours. A. T. Thomson. 

R. Alum, one drachm. 

Powdered opium, four grains. 
44 cinnamon, one scruple. 
Mix and triturate, divide into four powders, 
one to be taken every four hours, in monor- 
rhagia or in diarrhoea. Radius. 

R. Alum, two drachms. 

Powdered opium, three grains. 

u kino, one scruple. 

Sugar of milk, one drachm. 

Mix, triturate, and divide into six powders. 

One to be taken every three hours, in fluxes. 

Phoebus. 



Radius. 



Alum Errhine. 

R. Alum, 

Armenian bole, each, one drachm. 
Kino, half a drachm. 

Red oxide of iron, two drachms. 

Mix, and triturate. As an errhine in epis- 
taxis. Radius. 



Boluses of Alum. 

R. Alum, 

Extract of Peruvian bark, 

Nutmeg, each, half a scruple. 

Simple syrup, sufficient 

to make a bolus. Prescribed in uterine 

and other hemorrhages, and repeated as 

may be required. Elks. 

R. Alum, five grains. 

Extract of rhatany, eighteen 

grains. 

Conserve of roses, half a drachm. 

Syrup of rhatany, sufficient 

to make ten boluses. Dose, one every three 
or four hours. Foy. 



ALUMEN. 



117 



Alum Pills. 
R. Alum, six grains. 

Extract of opium, one grain. 

Catechu, six grains. 

Mix, and form into six pills. One to be 
given every two to four hours. In passive 
hemorrhages and atonic mucous discharges. 

Ellis. 

R. Alum, two drachms. 

Kino, 

Honey of roses, each, one drachm. 
Make pills, of six grains each. Dose, one 
to six a day, in passive hemorrhages. Foy. 

R. Alum, 

Extract of Peruvian bark, 
Chloride of iron and ammonium, 
Aromatic powder, each, a drachm 
and a half. 
Oil of cinnamon, twelve drops. 

Mix, and make pills of two grains. Dose, 
four to six, morning and evening, in passive 
hemorrhages and mucous discharges. 

Augustin. 



Astringent Pills of Alum. 
R. Alum, 

Catechu, equal parts. 

Extract of gentian, sufficient 

to make pills of two grains each. Dose, 
four every three hours. Useful in diarrhoea, 
and especially in leucorrhcea. Radius. 



Pills of Alum and Benzoic Acid. 
R. Alum, one scruple. 

Benzoic acid, five grains. 

Gum Arabic, 

White sugar, each, ten grains. 
Mix, with sufficient water to form thirty-five 
pills, to be taken in two days. Have been 
thought useful in phthisis pulmonalis. 

Augustin. 



Electuaries of Alum. 



R. Alum. 



one drachm. 



Catechu, 

Extract of Peruvian 

bark, each, two drachms. 

Conserve of roses, six drachms. 

Simple syrup, sufficient 

to make an electuary. Dose, one drachm 

every four hours. In chronic diarrhoea, 

leucorrhcea, and passive hemorrhages. 

St. Marie. 



R. Alum. 



one drachm. 



Extract of logwood, half an ounce. 



Balsam Peru, six drops. 

Water of sage, sufficient. 

Make an electuary. Astringent and anti- 
septic. Recommended in sponginess of the 
gums. Phoebus. 



Alum Collyrium. 
R. Alum, twelve to twenty grains. 
Rose water, four fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. As an application in chronic 
ophthalmia. 



Ellis. 



Alum Curd. 

R. Powdered alum, half a drachm. 
White of egg^ one. 

Agitate well till a coagulum is formed. To 
be applied on a rag to inflamed eyes. To 
be removed when it becomes warm. Ellis. 



Pagliari's Haemostatic Mixture. 
R. Benzoin in tears, one hundred 

grains. 
Stronger alcohol, half a 

troyounce. 
Dissolve, and add 

Water, ten troy ounces. 

Alum, one troyounce. 

Boil until clear, cool, and filter. 

De Meyer. 
Used as a powerful haemostatic, and for 
the preservation of animal matters, by im- 
mersing and afterwards drying them. 



Odontalgic Solution of Alum. 
R. Finely powdered alum, two 

drachms. 

Spirit of nitric ether, seven 

fluidrachms. 

Dissolve. Stated to be an almost infallible 
cure for toothache. Blake. 



Solutions of Alum. 

R. Alum, one drachm. 



Sulphate of zinc, 

Borax, 

Rose water. 



half a drachm. 

four grains. 

six ounces. 

Dissolve. Used as an astringent in bruises, 

slight hemorrhages, and mucous discharges. 

Cadet de Gassicourt. 

R. Alum, half a drachm. 

Armenian bole, six drachms. 

Vinegar, 

Red wine, each, half an ounce. 
Mix the powdered bole in the solution of 



118 



ALUMEN. 



the alum in the vinegar, and add the wine. 
Used as a local application in epistaxis. 

Swediaur. 



Gargles of Alum. 
B. Alum, 

Nitrate of potassium, 

each, three ounces. 

Cream of tartar, four ounces. 

Acetic acid, four pounds. 

Dissolve, evaporate to dryness, and powder 
the residuum. Half an ounce, dissolved in 
eight ounces of water, forms a gargle which 
has been highly praised in inflammation of 
the fauces and tonsils. Wirtem. Ph. 

B. Alum, two drachms. 

Water, four fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Said to be useful where the 

breath is offensive. Cavarra. 

B. Alum, one drachm. 

Wine, one pound. 

Tincture of bark, four fl. drachms. 
" myrrh, two fl. drachms. 

Honey of roses, two ounces. 

Laudanum, one fl. scruple. 

Mix. As a gargle in scurvy of the gums. 

Foy. 

B. Alum, one drachm. 

Infusion of red roses, 
Barley water, each, three 

fluidounces. 
Add to the solution 

Honey of roses, two fl. ounces. 

Ratier. 

B. Powdered oak-bark, one ounce. 

Boiling water, a pint and a half. 
Evaporate to one pint, filter, and add 

Alum, half a drachm. 

Brandy, two fl. ounces. 

Used as a gargle in inflammation of the 
mouth and throat. Augustin. 



Injections of Alum. 
B. Alum, one drachm. 

J lose water, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. Id chronic gonorrhoea. Foy. 

B. Alum, 

Sulphate of iron, each, twelve 

grains. 

Honey of roses, one ounce. 

Barley water, five fl. ounces. 

Mix. In chronic gonorrhoea. Radius. 

K. Stramonium leaves, half an ounce. 

Boiling water, two pints. 



Infuse for half an hour, strain, and add to 
infusion 

Alum, two drachms, to an ounce. 
In cancerous affections of uterus. Foy. 



Alum Injection. 
B. Infusion of flaxseed, fifteen 

fluidounces. 



two drachms, 
one ounce. 
Mix. As an injection in cauliflower ex- 
crescence of the uterus. Clarke. 



Alum, 

Tincture of kino, 



Julep of Alum. 
B. Alum, two drachms. 

Sulphuric acid, ten drops. 

Essence of citron, six drops. 

Syrup of lemon, two fl, ounces. 

Water, three fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every hour, in lead 
colic. Radius. 



Alum Liniment. 
B. Alum, half an ounce. 

Whites of eggs, four. 

Spirit of camphor, two ounces. 
Mix. As an application to bed sores. 

Augustin. 



Lotions of Alum. 
B. Alum, 

Sulphate of zinc, each, two 

drachms. 

Plantain water, two pints. 

Mix. As a wash to wounds and bleeding 

ulcers. Cadet de Gassicourt. 

B. Alum, three drachms. 

Chloride of ammonium, 

one drachm. 
Liquid hydrosulphuric 

acid, one scruple. 

Rose water, half a pint. 

Mix. As a wash, in obstinate cutaneous 

affections. Alibert. 



Alum "Whey. 
B. Boiling milk, one pint. 

Powdered alum, a drachm and 

a half. 
Mix, separate the curd, and add to the 
whey 

White sugar, one ounce. 

Dissolve. In passive hemorrhages. A 
wineglassful occasionally, to be taken cold. 

Foy. 



AMMONUCTTM. 



119 



Aromatic Alum Whey. 

R. Powdered alum, one drachm. 

Sugar of milk, half a drachm. 

Powdered cinnamon, fifteen grains. 
Cow's milk, a pint and a half. 

Boil and strain after coagulation. To be 
taken in cupful doses, cold, in hemorrhages. 

Niemann. 



Alum Draughts. 

R. Alum, one to two drachms. 

Syrup of gum, two ounces. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, a wineglassful every six hours, 
in lead colic and uterine hemorrhages. 

Guibourt. 

R. Alum, two drachms. 

Wine, four fl. ounces. 

Gum tragacanth, 

Catechu, each, a drachm. 

Water, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix. One or two spoonfuls every hour in 

lead colic. Radius. 



each, one pound. 



each, 
two drachms. 



Anglo-Saxon Ointment 

R. Red lead, 
Olive oil, 
White wax, 
Powdered amber, 
Burnt alum, 
Camphor, 

Heat the oil until it becomes of a reddish- 
brown color, add the red lead and continue 
the heat ; when the mass has the consist- 
ence of a plaster, add the amber, and finally, 
when it cools, the alum and camphor. 
Highly spoken of as a dressing to foul 
ulcers. Niemann. 



Ointment for Chilblains. 

R. Sweet almonds, blanched, 

half a pound. 

Honey, six ounces. 

Camphor, 1 

Flour of mustard, I each, 

Burnt alum, ( two ounces. 

Olibanum, 

Yolks of eggs, three. 

Triturate well. This paste is to be thinned 
in a little water, and rubbed on the inflamed 
parts night and morning, and then washed 
off in tepid water, and afterward the parts 
well dried with a linen cloth. Swediaur. 



Rust's Ointment. 
R. Alum, a drachm and a half. 

Camphor, 

Opium, each, a scruple to half 

a drachm. 

Balsam Peru, one drachm. 

Lead ointment, half an ounce. 

Triturate well together. Found useful as 
an application to frosted limbs. Phoebus. 



Pile Ointment. 

R. Powdered alum, four scruples. 
Simple cerate, five ounces and 

a half. 
Mix, and triturate well. As an applica- 
tion to painful hemorrhoids. Taddei. 



AMMONIACUM. 

Ammoniac. 

This gum-resin is found in the shops, 
either in whitish or yellowish tears, or in 
yellowish or brownish masses. It has an 
unpleasant odor, and a nauseous and some- 
what bitter taste. It is the product of Do- 
rema ammoniacum, Don. 

Pereira, Mat. Med. ii. 489. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 325, 331. 

Its effects on the system are somewhat 
like those of assafetida, and appear to be 
most marked on the bronchial mucous mem- 
brane. It also is considered to be emmena- 
gogue. The dose is from six to twelve grains. 
It is employed externally as a resolvent. 



Purified Ammoniac. 
R. Ammoniac, in small 

pieces, three parts. 

Water, two parts. 

Digest in a tared capsule until the gum- 
resin is completely divided, add sufficient 
stronger alcohol to form with the water of 
the emulsion a menstruum of sixty per ct. 
alcoholic strength ; boil for a minute, strain 
with expression through a moderately 
coarse muslin, and evaporate by means of a 
water-bath to the proper consistence. 

Paris Codex. 



Ammoniac Pills. 
R. Ammoniac, one drachm. 

Syrup of gum. sufficient 

to make thirty-six pills. Soubeiran. 

R. Ammoniac, 

Myrrh, each, two drachms. 

Extract of horehound, one drachm. 

" liquorice, three 

drachms. 



120 



AMMOKIACUM, 



Mix. Make two grain pills. Dose, four to 
ten every three hours. Augustin. 

R. Ammoniac, one ounce. 

Sagapenum, two ounces. 

Elixir proprietatis, sufficient 

to make four grain pills. As a remedy in 

obstructed menstruation. Bories. 

R. Ammoniac, two drachms. 

Soap, one drachm. 

Oil of juniper, twenty drops. 

Mix, and form pills of two grains. 

Augustin. 



Klein's Pills. 
R. Ammoniac, 

Extract of centaury, 

each, half an ounce. 

Soap, one ounce. 

Oil of amber, ten drops. 

Triturate, and make pills x>i two grains. 

Spielman. 



Pills of Ammoniac and Rhubarb. 
R. Ammoniac,) 

Soap, v each, two drachms. 

Rhubarb, ) 
Triturate, and make with water three grain 
pills. Dose, two pills, three to four times 
a day. Tissot. 



Compound Ammoniac Pill. 

R. Ammoniac, one drachm. 

Blue pill, fifteen grains. 

Powdered squill, six grains. 

Simple syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and make sixteen pills. One, three 
times a day, in asthmatic cough with hepa- 
tic derangement. Ainslie. 



De Haen's Pills. 
R. Ammoniac, 

Pil. aloes and myrrh, each, one 

drachm. 
Sonp, 

Extract of conium, each, a drachm 
and a half. 
Triturate, and form into three grain pills. 
Dose, four a day, in chlorosis and amenor- 
rhea. St. Marie. 



Ammoniac Mixture. 
R. Ammoniac, two drachms. 

Water, half a pint. 

Bub the ammoniac with the water gradu- 
ally added, until they are thoroughly mixed. 

U. S. Ph. 



The dose is from one to two tablespoon- 
fuls. 



Compound Ammoniac Mixture. 
R. Ammoniac, one drachm. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Make a mixture, and add 

Oxymel of squills, two fl. ounces. 

Paregoric elixir, half a fl. ounce. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, as 
a stimulating expectorant. Ellis. 

R. Ammoniac mixture, five fl. ounces. 

Oxymel of squills, half a fl. ounce. 

Antimonial wine, twenty-six 

minims. 

Distilled vinegar, three fl. drachms. 
Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally in 
cough, or humoral asthma. Ainslie. 

R. Ammoniac, 

Assafetida, 

Soap, 

Powdered valerian, 

Flowers of arnica, 

Tartar emetic, eighteen grains. 
Mix, and make two grain pills. In doses of 
four or five, three times a day. In amau- 
rosis, arising from abdominal affections. 

Richter. 



each, two 
drachms. 



Ammoniac and Nitric Acid Mixture. 
R. Ammoniac, two and a half 

scruples. 

Diluted nitric acid, two fl. 

drachms. 

Water, eight fl. ounces. 

Add the acid to the water, then gradually 

rub the gum with the acid compound, in a 

composition mortar. 

A tablespoonful, two or three times a day 
It is highly beneficial in chronic catarrh, 
especially in that of elderly persons. Ellis. 



Mixtures of Ammoniac. 
R. Ammoniac mixture, three fl. 

ounces. 

Tincture of castor, half a fl. 

drachm. 

Syrup of tolu, half a fl. ounce. 

Laudanum, twenty to thirty drops. 

Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. A dessertspoonful every three or 

four hours in troublesome cough. Meigs. 

R. Ammoniac, 

Gum Arabic, each, half an ounce. 
Infusion of hyssop, six fl. ounces. 



AMMONIUM. 



121 



Syrup of capillaire 

(maidenhair), two fl. ounces. 
Eub the ammoniac and glim with the infu- 
sion until a solution is formed. 

In tablespoonful doses, occasionally, in 
catarrhs. Radius. 



R. Ammoniac mixture, 



Wine of ammoniac. 



four fl. 

ounces. 



Paregoric elixir, each, half a fl. 

ounce. 

Syrup of tolu, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. In teaspoonful doses, occasionally, as 
an expectorant. 



Ammoniac Plaster. 

R. Ammoniac, five troy ounces. 

Diluted acetic acid, half a pint. 

Dissolve the ammoniac in the acid, and 
strain ; evaporate in a water-bath to a pro- 
per consistence. U. S. Ph. 
Useful as an application to indolent and 
scrofulous tumors to promote suppuration. 

R . Yellow wax, 

Resin, each, four parts. 

Melt together, strain, and add 

Purified ammoniac, eight parts, 
previously dissolved in 

Common turpentine, four parts. 

Mix. Paris Codex. 

The ammoniac plaster of the German 
Pharmacopoeia is identical with this, except 
that two parts of the ammoniac are replaced 
by two parts of galbanum. 



Plaster of Ammoniac with Mercury. 

R. Ammoniac, twelve troy ounces. 

Mercury, three troy ounces. 

Olive oil, sixty grains. 

Sulphur, eight grains. 

To the heated oil add the sulphur gradu- 
ally, stirring constantly, then rub the mer- 
cury with the compound, until the globules 
disappear. Boil the ammoniac with suffi- 
cient water to cover it, until they are 
thoroughly mixed, strain through a hair 
sieve, evaporate by means of a water-bath 
until it would harden on cooling, and while 
still hot, incorporate it thoroughly with the 
mixture containing the mercury. U. S. Ph. 
More active than the simple ammoniac 
plaster. Used as a discutient to tumid 
glands and other indolent swellings, espe- 
cially syphilitic. Sometimes salivates. 



Ammoniac Plaster with Hemlock. 

R. Strained ammoniac, three ounces. 

Extract of hemlock, two drachms. 
*Melt, and add 

Solution of subacetate 

of lead, one drachm. 

Stir till cold. Ph. Chem. 



AMMONIUM. 

Ammonium. 

Under ordinary circumstances, ammonia 
exists as a gas, which is readily taken up 
by water or alcohol. "Water absorbs nearly 
800 times its volume of the gas at 32° F., 
and this solution, possessing the properties 
of the gas, is usually employed. 



"Water of Ammonia. 

R. Chloride of ammonium, 

Lime, each, twelve troyounces. 
Distilled water, one pint. 

Water, six pints. 

Pour a pint of water upon the lime in a 
proper vessel, and after it has slaked, stir 
to a smooth paste, add the remaining water, 
stir, decant from the gritty sediment into a 
two-gallon glass retort and add the chloride 
of ammonium. Place the retort on a sand- 
bath, and adapt to it a washing bottle con- 
nected by means of a glass tube with a 
quart bottle containing the distilled water 
and cooled by ice-cold water. Apply heat, 
and continue as long as ammonia comes 
over. Remove the fluid in the bottle, and 
add so much water as will raise it to the sp. 
gr. 0.960, and keep in small well-closed bot- 
tles. The aqua amnion, fort, of the Pharma- 
copoeia has a sp. gr. of 0.900 and the above 
aqua ammonia} that of 0.960 ; two fl. ounces 
of the former with three of water will form 
the latter. U. S. Ph. 

The strong solution of ammonia of Brit. 
Ph. has the sp. gr. 0.891. 



Liniment of Ammonia. 
R. Water of ammonia, one fl. ounce. 
Olive oil, two troyounces. 

Mix. Used as a rubefacient and counter- 
irritant. U. S. Ph. 

R. Water of ammonia, one fl. ounce. 



Olive oil. 



Mix. 



three fl. ounces. 
Brit. Ph. 



Compound Liniment of Ammonia. 
R. Stronger water of 

ammonia, five fl. ounces. 

Tincture of camphor, two fl. 

ounces. 
Spirit of rosemary, one fl. ounce. 



122 



AMMONIUM. 



Mix well. More powerful than the simple 
liniments. Edin. Ph. 



Granville's Lotion. 

(Milder.) 

R. Water of ammonia (.882), four fl. 

drachms. 
Spirit of rosemary, three fl. 

drachms. 
Spirit of camphor (^j to Oj), 

one fl. drachm. 
Mix. 

(Stronger.) 
R. Water of ammonia (.882), 

five fl. drachms. 
Spirit of rosemary, 

two fl. drachms. 

Spirit of camphor, one fl. drachm. 

Mix. As a counter-irritant. Gray. 



Compound Tincture of Ammonia. 
R. Mastic, two drachms. 

Alcohol, nine fl. drachms. 

Oil of lavender, fourteen minims. 
Stronger water of ammonia, 

one pint. 
Dissolve the mastic in the alcohol, and 
filter ; add the other ingredients, and agi- 
tate them well. 

Well known under the name of eau de 
luce as a remedy in bites of venomous rep- 
tiles. It is a good antispasmodic, in doses 
of from ten to forty drops ; and also forms 
a stimulating embrocation. 

Lond. Ph. 1836. 



Gargle of Ammonia. 
R. Water of ammonia (.960), halffl. 

ounce. 
To be added to a strained decoction of 
Mallows, 

Dry figs, each, six drachms. 

Cow's milk, sixteen ounces. 

Employed as a resolvent in certain cases of 

angina. Pringle. 



Injection of Ammonia. 
R. Water of ammonia, one scruple. 
Cow's milk, one ounce. 

Mix. As an emmenagogne this injection 
is to be used three times a day. [tinduces 
a mucous How, often followed by the ap- 
pearance of the catamenia. It must be 
need with greal caution, and made Less 
stimulating at first. Lavayna. 



Mixture of Ammonia. 

R. Water of ammonia, 
Carbonate of potassium, 



each, 



two drachms. 



Cinnamon water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. A spoonful every two or three hours, 
in cardialgia and acidity of the stomach. 

Jourdan. 
R. Comp. tinct. of 

ammonia (Lond.), two fl. 

drachms and a half. 

Camphor water, seven fl. ounces. 

Tincture of castor, one fl. drachm. 

Simple syrup, three fl. drachms. 

Mix. Two spoonfuls in an hysteric attack. 

Ainslie. 



Mixture of Ammonia and Ether. 
R. Water of ammonia, 

Sulphuric ether, each, two fl. 

drachms. 

Peppermint water, four fl. ounces. 

Syrup of cinnamon, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. A spoonful every hour. Said to be 

very useful in bites of venomous snakes. 

Radius. 



Ammoniacal Sinapism. 
R. Flour of mustard, one ounce and 

a half. 

Rye flour, half an ounce. 

Water of ammonia, sufficient 

to form a cataplasm. This is more active 

than the simple mustard poultice. 

Phoebus. 



Gondret's Ammoniacal Ointment. 
R. Suet, 

Hog's lard, each, one part. 

Stronger water of 

ammonia, two parts. 

Melt the fats and incorporate the ammonia. 

Soubeiran. 

R. Hog's lard, seven drachms. 

Oil of almonds, one drachm 

and a half. 
Stronger water of 

ammonia, five drachms. 

Melt Hie lard, mix it with the oil, pour into 
a wide-mouthed bottle with a glass stopper, 
add the ammonia, and agitate well. Keep 
in a cool place. 

Rubbed on the skin it causes rubefac- 
tion, and if covered with a compress, 
speedily vesicates. A useful rubefacient 
and counter-irritant. Gondret. 



AMMONIUM. 



123 



Lotion of Ammonia. 
R. Water of ammonia, 

Spirit of tlrpne, 

Spirit of camphor, equal parts. 
Mix. As a lotion to the forehead, or ap- 
plied to the temples, in compresses, in sick 
headache. Swediaur. 



Fetid Spirit of Ammonia. 
R. Assafetida, in small pieces, one 
ounce and a half. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours in fifteen 
fl. ounces of rectified spirit, then distil off 
the spirit, and mix the product with 

Strong solution of 

ammonia, two fl. ounces. 

Add alcohol to make twenty fl. ounces. 

Brit. Ph. 
Employed as a stimulant and antispas- 
modic in doses of half a drachm to one 
drachm. 



Steer's Opodeldoc. 
R. Alcohol, eight pints. 

Soap, twenty ounces. 

Water of ammonia, four fl. ounces. 
Camphor, eight ounces. 

Oil of rosemary, 
" monarda, each, one fl. 

ounce. 
Dissolve the soap in the alcohol with a 
gentle heat, add the other articles, suffer 
the impurities to subside, and pour into 
phials whilst warm. Phil. Coll. Pharm. 



Liquid Opodeldoc. 

R. Dry Spanish soap, sixty parts. 

Camphor, fifteen parts. 

Alcohol, five hundred parts. 

Oil of thyme, four parts. 

" rosemary, three parts. 

Solution of ammonia, thirty parts. 

Mix, dissolve, and filter. Giseke. 



R. 



Plaster of Ammonia. 
Stronger water of 



ammonia, one ounce. 

Camphor, two ounces. 

Opium, fifteen grains. 

Ammoniac, 

Saffron, 

Gum plaster, 

Galbanum plaster, 
Mix well. For corns. A thick layer of 
this plaster is to be spread on a piece of 



each, half an 
ounce. 



linen or kid-skin, of the exact size of the 
corn, as it will blister the sound skin. 

La Foret. 



Sulphuretted Ammoniacal Liniment. 

R. Water of ammonia, one ounce. 

Camphor, half a drachm. 

Sulphuret of potassium, four 

drachms. 



Olive oil. 



six ounces. 



Mix. Eecommended as an application in 
tinea capitis. Bories. 



Terebinthinate Ammoniacal Liniment. 



each, two 
fl. ounces. 



R. Oil of chamomile, 
" henbane, 

Essence of turpentine, 

Water of ammonia, 

Tincture of capsicum, 

each, one ounce. 

Camphor, half an ounce. 

Mix well. A very stimulating liniment, 
found beneficial in asthenic gout and chro- 
nic rheumatism. Amnion. 



Spirit of Ammonia. 

R. Alcohol, twenty fl. ounces. 

Chloride of ammonium, 

Lime, each, twelve troyounces. 

Water, six pints. 

Prepare as directed for water of ammonia. 

U. S. Ph. 



Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia. 

R. Carbonate of ammonium, one 

troyounce. 
Water of ammonia, three fl. 

ounces. 

Oil of lemon, two fl. drachms 

and a half. 

Oil of nutmeg, forty minims. 

" lavender, fifteen minims. 

Alcohol, a pint and a half. 



Water, 



sufficient. 



Dissolve the carbonate in the water of am- 
monia, previously mixed with four fl. ounces 
of water. Dissolve the oils in the alcohol, 
mix the two solutions, and add water suffi- 
cient to make two pints. XI. S. Ph. 
The corresponding spirit of Brit. Ph. is 
nearly one-fourth stronger in ammonia than 
the preceding. 



124: 



AMMONII ACETAS. 



Mixture of Ammoniated Alcohol. 

R. Ammoniated alcohol 

(spirit of ammonia), half a fl. 

ounce. 

Oil of amber, one drop. 

" mace, two drops. 

" aniseed, ") t ,-, 

t ' [ each, three 

doves > \ drops. 

" cinnamon, ) c 

Mix. Dose, ten to thirty drops in sweet- 
ened gum-water, in anorexia and flatus. 
This is similar to the aromatic ammoni- 
ated alcohol of U. S. Ph. 1830. Amnion. 



Anisated Ammoniated Alcohol. 
R. Alcohol, twenty-four parts. 

Oil of aniseed, one part. 

Dissolve, and gradually add, constantly 



Water of ammonia, 
Keep in well-closed bottles. 



five parts. 
Ph. Germ. 



Lotion in Hiccough. 

R. Anisated ammoniated 

alcohol, one fl. drachm. 

Spirit of lavender, two fl. ounces. 

Recommended by Siebold to be rubbed on 

the thorax and abdomen of infants to check 

hiccough. Radius. 



Elixir of Liquorice. 
(Pectoral Elixir.) 

R. Purified extract of 

liquorice, two parts. 

Fennel-water, six parts. 

Anisated ammoniated 

alcohol, two parts. 

Dissolve. Dose, ten minims to a teaspoon- 
ful, diluted, as a stimulating expectorant. 

Ph. Germ. 



Mixture of Anisated Ammoniated 
Alcohol. 

R. Extract of liquorice, one drachm. 
Barley-water, three fl. ounces 

and a half. 
Anisated ammoniated 

alcohol, half a fl. drachm. 

Simple syrup, half a fl. ounce. 

Mix. A teaspoonfdl occasionally in chro- 

itarrh. aufeland. 

R. Anisated ammoniated 

alcohol, one fl. drachm. 

Syrup of mallows, one fl. ounce. 

Extract of henbane, one scruple. 



Mix well. A dessertspoonful three times a 
day, in chronic bronchitis or in the second 
stages of whooping-cough. Radius. 



Vicat's Anodyne Mixture. 
R. Ammoniated alcohol, half a fl. 

ounce. 
Diluted alcohol, one fl. ounce. 

Opium, two scruples. 

Camphor, one scruple. 

Digest for three days, often stirring, and 
filter. Used on cotton to fill the cavity of 
carious teeth, and as a lotion to the temples 
in headache. Spielmann. 



AMMONII ACETAS. 
Acetate of Ammonium. 



Solution of Acetate of Ammonium. 

R. Diluted acetic acid, two pints. 
Carbonate of ammonium, 

a sufficient quantity. 

Add the carbonate gradually to the acid, 
until the latter is neutralized, and filter. 

U. S. Ph. 

The corresponding preparation of Brit. 
Ph. is about one-third, of Paris Codex 
twice, and of Ph. Germ, about three times 
stronger than the above. 

The solution of U. S. Ph. may also be 
prepared by dissolving six hundred and 
forty grains of carbonate of ammonium in 
sufficient water to make one pint, and add- 
ing it to a mixture of four fl. ounces of 
officinal acetic acid and twelve fl. ounces 
of water. 

A valuable diaphoretic in febrile and 
inflammatory diseases, when aided by 
warmth ; otherwise it acts as a diuretic. 
Dose, half a fl. ounce to a fl. ounce every 
three or four hours. It is also a good re- 
frigerant lotion. It is known as the spirit 
of Mindererus. 



Cataplasm with Acetate of Ammonium. 
R. Extract of hemlock, one ounce. 
" henbane, half an ounce. 
Powder of belladonna, one drachm. s 
Solution of acetate of 

ammonium, sufficient 

to form a cataplasm. Has been found use- 
ful in ulcerated cancerous sores. Radius. 



Collyrium of Acetate of Ammonium. 

U. Solution of acetate of ammonium, 

Kosc water, equal parts. 

In chronic ophthalmia. Saunders. 



AMMONII ARSENIAS. AMMONII BROMIDUM. 125 



Gargle of Acetate of Ammonium. 

R. Solution of acetate of ammonium, 
Honey of roses, each, one fl. ounce. 
Elder-water, eight fl. ouuces. 

Mix. Recommended by Wendt in scarla- 
tina anoiuosa with ulcerations. Phoebus. 



Mixture of Acetate of Ammonium. 

R. Solution of acetate of 

ammonium, two fl. ounces. 

Cinnamon-water, one fl. ounce. 

Antimonial wine, one fl. drachm. 

Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every two or three 
hours. Ellis. 

R. Camphor mixture, 

Solution of acetate of ammo- 
nium, each, half a fl. ounce. 

Antimonial wine, 

Laudanum, each, twenty drops. 
Mix. To be taken at bedtime, or oftener, 
in which latter case the. laudanum to be 
diminished. Ellis. 

R. Liquid acetate of 

ammonium, half fl. ounce. 

Camphor mixture, seven fl. 

drachms. 

Antimonial wine, fifteen drops. 

Syrup of saffron, half a fl. drachm. 

Mix. To be taken three times a day. 

Burke 



AMMONII ARSENIAS. 
Arseniate of Ammonium. 



R. Arsenic acid, 
Stronger water of 
ammonia. 



one ounce. 



sufficient 



to saturate the acid. To be left to evapo- 
rate and crystallize spontaneously. Dose, 
J^th to J^th of a grain. Cottereau. 



Solution of Arseniate of Ammonium. 

R. Arseniate of ammonium, eight 

grains. 

Water, eight ounces. 

Angelica-water, four drachms. 
Mix. Has been recommended, in doses of 
twenty to thirty drops, in obstinate cuta- 
neous affections. Soubeiran. 



AMMONII BENZOAS. 

Benzoate of Ammonium. 

R. Benzoic acid, two troy ounces. 

Water of ammonia, three 

fl. ounces and a half. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the acid in the mixed liquids, 
evaporate with a gentle heat, maintain an 
alkaline reaction by adding ammonia, if 
necessary, and crystallize. U. S. Ph. 

Used as a diuretic and stimulant to the 
mucous membrane of the urinary passages 
and preferred to benzoic acid on account of 
its solubility. Dose, ten to twenty grains. 



AMMONII BICARBONAS. 
Bicarbonate of Ammonium. 

R. Sesquicarbonate of ammo- 
nium, at will. 

Pulverize, spread out on paper, and expose 
to the air for twenty-four hours. Then in- 
close in well-stopped bottles. Bub. Ph. 
This is a white powder of less disagree- 
able taste than the common carbonate. It 
is used for the same purposes. Dose, five 
to fifteen grains. 



AMMONII BROMIDUM. 

Bromide of Ammonium. 

R. Bromine, two troy ounces. 

Iron wire, cut, one troyounce. 
Water of ammonia, 

four fl. ounces and a half. 



Distilled water, 



sufficient. 



Add the iron and then the bromine to half 
a pint of distilled water, and agitate until 
the liquid has assumed a greenish color. 
To this bromide of iron add the water of 
ammonia, previously diluted with half a 
pint of distilled water, agitate the mixture, 
and heat it in a water-bath for half an hour. 
Filter, wash the precipitate with distilled 
water, and evaporate the filtrate in a por- 
celain capsule until a pellicle forms, then 
stir constantly at a moderate heat until the 
salt becomes dry and granular. U. S. Ph. 
The salt becomes yellow on exposure ; it 
is readily soluble in water and sparingly so 
in alcohol. It acts as an absorbent in gland- 
ular enlargements, and in large doses as an 
anodyne and hypnotic, increasing the secre- 
tions. 

R. Bromide of potas- 
sium, four troyounces. 
Sulphate of ammo- 
nium, three troyounces. 

Dissolve the bromide in six, and the sul- 
phate in four and a half fl. ounces of boil- 
ing water, mix, cool, and add one fl. ounce 



126 



AMMONII CAEBONAS 



and a half of alcohol ; after twenty-four 
hours decant and evaporate to crystalliza- 
tion. This will keep better than that made 
by the officinal process. Ch. Rice. 



AMMOXII CARBONAS. 

Carbonate of Ammonium. 
R. Chloride of ammonium, one pound. 
Dried chalk, one pound and a half. 

Pulverize them separately, then mix them 
thoroughly, and sublime into a cooled re- 
ceiver. U. S. Ph. 1850. 



Aromatic Carbonate of Ammonium. 
R. Carbonate of ammo- 
nium, one pound. 
Oil of lavender, three ounces. 
" verbena, half an ounce. 

Grind together and sublime with a gentle 
heat. 

R. Carbonate of ammonium, 

half an ounce. 
Oil of peppermint, 

" cajeput, each, twelve drops. 
Mix, and keep in a closed bottle. Phoebus. 

R. Powdered carbonate of 

ammonium, one ounce. 

Stronger solution of 

ammonia, half a fl. ounce. 

Oil of rosemaiy, 

u bergamot, each, ten drops. 
Mix, and while moist, put in a wide-mouthed 
bottle, which is to be well closed. 

All these are used as smelling salts in 
faiutuess, etc. 



Potion of Carbonate of Ammonium. 



R. Carbonate of ammonium, 



ten 



grains. 

Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce. 

Tincture of allspice, half a 

fluidrachm. 

Syrup of saffron, half a fl. ounce. 

Mix. To be taken before going to bed. 

Phoebus. 



Pills of Carbonate of Ammonium. 


R. Carbonate of ammonium, ] 


each, 


Powdered capsicum, 




one 


" cloves, 




[ scru- 


" mace, 




ple. 


Oil of caraway, 


five drops. 


Kxtnict of gentian, 


twelve 




grains. 


Simple syrup, 


su 


flicient 



to form twenty pills. One every two hours 
in gout in the stomach. Parrish. 



Mixture of Carbonate of Ammonium. 

R. Carbonate of am- 
monium, 



l 5 

Powdered white 

sugar, 
Powdered gum 

Arabic, 



each, one 

drachm 

and a half. 



Compound spirit 

of lavender, two fl. drachms. 
Mint water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two or three 
hours. If required, forty to fifty drops of 
laudanum may be added to the mixture. 

Ellis. 
Useful in low states of the system. 



Solution of Carbonate of Ammonium. 
R. Carbonate of ammonium, one 

part. 
Distilled water, five parts. 

Dissolve. Dose, twenty to sixty grains. 

Ph. Germ. 



Draught with Carbonate of 
Ammonium. 

R. Oil of valerian, three drops. 

Carbonate of ammonium, ten 

grains. 

Cinnamon water, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. To be taken every four hours, in de- 
pression of the spirits and nervous head- 
ache. Ellis. 



Mixture of Carbonate of Ammonium 
and Ginger. 

R. Powdered ginger, fifteen grains. 
Carbonate of ammonium, eight 

grains. 

Spirit of cinnamon, two 

fluidrachms. 

Water, one and a half fl. ounces. 

Mix. To be taken in gout or cramp in the 
stomach. Ellis. 



Drops of Carbonate of Ammonium. 

R. Carbonate of ammonium, 

twenty parts. 

Oil of lavender, one part. 

Alcohol, four parts. 

Distil. Dose, thirty or forty drops in ner- 
vous headache. Cottereau. 



AMMOSTII CHLOEIDTJM. 



127 



Plaster of Carbonate of Ammonium. 

R. Carbonate of ammonium, 

Opimn, each, fifteen grains. 

Camphor, half a drachm. 

Oil of cajeput, twenty drops. 

Galbanum plaster, half an ounce. 
Mix. Said to be useful as an application 
to the pit of the stomach to arrest vomit- 
ing in sea-sickness. Phoebus. 



Camphorated Ammoniacal Liniment. 
R. Liquid carbonate of 

ammonium, four parts. 

Oil of olives, sixteen parts. 

Spirit of camphor, three parts. 
Mix. As a revulsive embrocation. 

Swediaur. 



Ammoniacal Ointment. 
R. Carbonate of ammo- 
nium, one drachm. 
Rose ointment, one ounce. 
Oil of jasmine, four drops. 
Mix. Recommended as a friction, three or 
four times a day, in engorgements of the 
mammae, and used by Foy in frictions to 
the throat in croup. Augustin. 



Pyro-oleous Carbonate ofAmmonium. 
R. Carbonate of ammo- 
nium, thirty-two parts. 
Dip pel's animal oil, one part. 
Rub together into a uniform powder. 

Ph. Germ. 
In typhus, paralysis, etc. Dose, two to 
five grains. 



Solution of Pyro-oleous Carbonate of 
Ammonium. 

R. Pyro-oleous carbonate 

of ammonium, one part. 

Distilled water, five parts. 

Dissolve and filter. Ph. Germ. 

Dose, ten to thirty grains. 



AMMONII CHLORIDUM. 

Sal Ammoniac. 

Purified Chloride of Ammonium. 

R. Chloride of ammonium, 

in small pieces, twenty 

troyounces. 
Water of ammonia, five fl. drachms. 
Water two pints. 

Dissolve the chloride in the water in a por- 
celain dish with the aid of heat, add the 



ammonia, filter after some time, evaporate 

and granulate. U. S. Ph. 

Stimulating and resolvent. Dose, five to 

thirty grains. 



Powder of Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Sal ammoniac, two drachms. 

Camphor, six grains. 

Powdered arnica, half a drachm. 

White sugar, six drachms. 

Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, three or four 
times a day. Said to be efficacious as an 
enirnenagogue. and also in smaller doses in 



chronic catarrh. 



Radius. 



Bolus of Sal Ammoniac. 

R. Sal ammoniac, 

Extract of liquorice, each, 

one scruple. 

Extract of taraxacum, sufficient 
to form a bolus. One to be taken every 
three or four hours, in scirrhus of the pros- 
tate, bladder, and rectum. Radius. 



Lotions of Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Sal ammoniac, two scruples. 

Vinegar, one fl. ounce. 

Water, one pint. 

Mix. Augustin. 

R. Sal ammoniac, one ounce. 

Yinegar, 

Alcohol, each, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. In strains, bruises, and external in- 
flammation. Foy. 

R. Chloride of ammonium, one drm. 



Alum, 



three drachms. 



Sulphuret of potassium, one 

scruple. 

Rose water, eight fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. In acne simplex. Waring. 



Fomentations of Sal Ammoniac. 

R. Powdered bistort, 

" pomegranate root, 
each, two ounces. 

Red wine, one pound. 

Heat, digest for an hour, strain, and add 

Sal ammoniac, two drachms. 

Useful as a fomentation, in strains and 
bruises. Foy. 

R. Sal ammoniac, one ounce. 

Spirit of rosemary, one pound. 
Mix. Said to be useful in engorgement of 
the mammse. The breast to be covered 
with cloths dipped in the fluid. Foy. 



128 



AMMONII CITEAS. — AMMONII IODIDUM, 



Collyrium of Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Chloride of anmioniuni, forty 

grains. 
Acetate of copper, four grains. 
Lime water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. In white opacity of the cornea. 

Scarpa. 



Liniment with Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Sal ammoniac, one ounce. 

Camphor, half an ounce. 

White soap, six drachms. 

Alcohol, two pounds. 

Digest, and filter. Useful as an applica- 
tion to contusions. ' Niemann. 



Collutorium of Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Pellitory, two drachms. 

Lavender water, 

Vinegar, each, two fl. ounces. 

Opium, two grains. 

Sal ammoniac, one drachm. 

Macerate for a few days, and filter. 

Cadet de Gassicourt. 



Draught of Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Sal ammoniac, five grains. 

Camphor, three grains. 

Gum Arabic, one drachm. 

Parsley water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. To be taken every two hours in pa- 
ralytic retention of urine. Radius, 



Cataplasm with Sal Ammoniac. 

R. Sal ammoniac, 

Henbane, each, half an ounce. 

Linseed meal, an ounce and a half. 

Boiling water, sufficient 

to make a cataplasm. Advised in an en- 
gorgement of milk in the breasts. 

Radius. 



Wash of Sal Ammoniac. 

R. Bran, an ounce and a half. 

Mallow leaves, six drachms. 

Water, sufficient 

to make sixteen ounces of solution. Boil, 
strain, and add to decoction 

Sal ammoniac, two drachms. 

Tincture of benzoin, half a 

fl. ounce. 

Radi 'is. 



Emulsion of Sal Ammoniac. 

R. Sweet alnrbnds, one ounce. 

Orange-flower water, two fl. ounces. 

Rose water, eight fl. ounces. 

Sal ammoniac, one drachm. 

Tincture of benzoin, two fl. 

drachms. 
Kub down the almonds, previously blanched, 
with the rose water, and add the other arti- 
cles. Dose, a tablespoonful. Phoebus. 



Mixture of Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Chloride of ammonium, 

Extract of liquorice, each, two 

drachms. 

Linden flower water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, in 

catarrh. Richter. 



AMMONII CITRAS. 
Citrate op Ammonium. 

R. Fresh lemon juice, one fl. ounce. 

Carbonate of ammo- 
nium, sufficient 
to saturate. 

White sugar, one drachm. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. 

A pleasant saline diaphoretic in febrile 
disorders, resembling the solution of the 
acetate of ammonium in its effects. Dose, a 
tablespoonful, as may be required. Ellis. 



Solution of Citrate of Ammonium. 
R. Citric acid, three ounces. 

Water, twenty ounces. 

Stronger solution of 

ammonia, sufficient. 

Dissolve the acid in the water, and add 
ammonia until neutral to test paper. Dose, 
two to six fl. drachms. Brit. Ph. 



AMMONII IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Ammonium. 

R. Iodide of potassium, three 

troyounces. 

Sulphate of ammonium, one 

troyounce. 

Boiling distilled water, two 

fl. ounces. 

Powder the salts separately, mix them, 
dissolve in the water, and cool ; add a rl. 



AMMONII NITKAS. — AMMONII STTCCINAS 



129 



ounce of alcohol and cool to about 40°, fil- 
ter through moist cotton and wash the salt 
with a fl. ounce of a mixture containing two 
parts of water and one part of alcohol, then 
evaporate the solution rapidly to dryness 
and granulate. U. S. Ph. 

Tonic and antisyphilitic. Dose, one to 
five grains. 



Glycerite of Iodide of Ammonium. 

R. Iodide of ammonium, thirty graius. 
Glycerin, half a fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. In enlarged tonsils. 

Richardson. 



Liniment of Iodide of Ammonium. 

R. Iodide of ammonium, five grains. 
Olive oil, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. In nocturnal syphilitic pains. 

Gamberini. 



Ointment of Iodide of Ammonium. 

R. Iodide of ammonium, one scruple. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. Beasley. 

R. Iodide of ammonium, one drachm. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. Gibert. 

As an application to scrofulous tumors 

and cutaneous affections. 



AMMONII NITRAS. 

Nitrate of Ammonium. 

R. Diluted nitric acid, at will. 

Carbonate of ammo- 
nium, sufficient 

to saturate. Evaporate by a gentle heat, 
till a pellicle forms ; set aside to crystallize. 

Pereira. 

Soluble in two parts of cold water. In 

doses of one or two scruples, it reduces the 

frequency of the pulse and heat of the skin, 

and also acts as a diuretic. 



Mixture of Nitrate of Ammonium. 

R. Carbonate of ammo- 
nium, one scruple. 
Nitric acid, sufficient 
to saturate ; add 

Sja-up of mallows, one fl. ounce. 
Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 
Dose, a dessertspoonful, every two hours. 

Radius. 
9 



AMMONII PHOSPHAS. 

Phosphate op Ammonium. 

R. Diluted phosphoric acid, at will. 
Strong water of ammo- 
nia, sufficient. 

Add the ammonia until the solution is 
slightly alkaline, evaporate and crystallize, 
maintaining the alkaline reaction of the 
liquid. 

Diuretic and discutient. Recommended 
by Dr. Buckler, of Baltimore, in gout and 
rheumatism, as a solvent of uric acid cal- 
culus, and in diseases dependent on a lithic 
acid diathesis. Dose, five to twenty grains 
three times a day. 



Solution of Phosphate of Ammonium. 

R. Phosphate of 

ammonium, half an ounce. 

Water, six fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Dose, a tablespoonful three 

times a day. 



C. Ellis. 



Effervescing Draught of Phosphate of 
Ammonium. 

R. Phosphate of ammonium, 
Carbonate of ammo- 
nium, each, ten grains. 
Aromatic spirit of 

ammonia, half a fl. drachm. 

"Water, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. To be taken thrice daily, with the 

juice of a lemon, in diabetes. Basham. 



AMMONII SUCCINAS. 
Succinate op Ammonium. 



R. Succinic acid, 
Water, 



one part, 
four parts. 



Put in a capsule, and add sufficient water 
of ammonia, till perfectly saturated, with 
a slight excess of alkali ; filter, evaporate, 
and crystallize. Guibourt. 



Solution of Succinate of Ammonium. 

R. Succinic acid, in powder, one part. 
Distilled water, eight parts. 

Pyro-oleous carbonate of 

ammonium, one part or sufficient. 

Dissolve the acid in the water, neutralize 

with the carbonate, and filter. Ph. Germ. 

Antispasmodic and sudorific. Dose, 

twenty to sixty drops. 



130 



AMMOXII SULPHAS. — SULPHTJKETIXM, 



Spirit of Succinate of Ammonium. 

R. Spirit of hartshorn, two fl. ounces. 

Sal ammoniac, four ounces. 

Carbonate of potas- 
sium, twelve ounces. 

Powdered amber, six ounces. 

Oil of lemons, two fl. drachms. 
Mix the sal ammoniac, oil, and amber, add 
the carbonate of potassium to three pints 
of alcohol, mixed with a pint of water, and 
distil on a sand-bath. Dose, thirty to fifty 
drops, as an antispasmodic. Niemann. 



Mixture of Succinate of Ammonium. 
R. Liquid succinate of ammonium, 

Elixir of liquorice, each, two parts. 

Wine of opium, 

Antimonial wine, each, one part. 
Mix. Useful in hooping-cough, in doses of 
ten to forty drops, every two hours. 

Augustin. 



Succinate of ammo- 
nium, fifteen grains. 
Mix. As a friction in chronic rheumatism, 
especially sciatica. Cadet. 



Succinate of Ammonium and Ether. 
R. Liquid succinate of ammonium, 
Sulphuric ether, equal parts. 

Mix. Much praised in gout and rheuma- 
tism. Dose, twenty to forty drops in sugar 
and water, two or three times a day. 

St. Marie. 



Mixture of Succinate of Ammonium. 
R. Liquid succinate of 

ammonium, five fl. drachms. 
Tincture of castor, 
Anisated amnion. 

alcohol, each, three fl. drachms. 

Tincture of mace, two fl. drachms. 

" nutmeg, one fl. drachm. 

Mix. Fifteen to twenty-five drops, three 
or four times a day, in hysteria. Augustin. 



Liniment of Succinate of Ammonium. 
R. Liquid succinate of 

ammonium, one fl. ounce. 

Camphorated oil, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. As a liniment to the neck in angina. 

St. Marie. 

R. Camphor, two scruples. 

Oil of turpentine, two drachms. 
Dissolve, and add 

Soft soap, one ounce. 

Ointment of bil- 
berries, two drachms. 



AMMONII SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Ammonium. 

R. Diluted sulphuric acid, at will. 
Carbonate of ammonium, sufficient 

to saturate ; filter, and crystallize. 

Soubeiran. 
Laxative and stimulant. Dose, from a 
scruple to half a drachm. 



AMMONII SULPHURETUM. 
Sulphide op Ammonium. 

R. Water of ammonia, four fl. ounces. 

Pass hydrosulphuric acid (obtained from 
the sulphuret of iron, and sulphuric acid 
diluted with four times its weight of water) 
through the water of ammonia in a suitable 
apparatus, to perfect saturation. To be 
kept in a well-stopped bottle. Sp. gr. 0.999. 

Dub. Ph. 

A powerful sedative, lessening the action' 
of the circulatory system to a great degree, 
and causing nausea, vomiting, vertigo, etc. 

Used in diabetes to check the morbid ap- 
petite, by Cruikshank, Rollo, and others. 
Dose, five or six drops, in a tumblerful of 
water, three or four times a day, gradually 
increasing the dose until some vertigo is 
induced. 



Sulphuretted Sulphide of Ammonium. 
R. Quicklime, 

Sulphur, each, three parts. 

Triturate together, adding water sufficient 
to form a paste, and incorporate 

Sulphate of ammo- 
nium, seven parts 

dissolved in water. Let stand, decant, wash 
the residuum, rubbing it with a small por- 
tion of water, unite the solutions, and filter. 

Van Mons. 
Known as Boyle's fuming liquor, and 
recommended in venereal complaints, in 
phthisis, rheumatism, and gout, in doses of 
three to four drops in water, augmenting 
the dose until vertigo ensues. 



"Wilkinson's Liniment. 
R. Boyle's fuming liquor, ten grains. 
Chalk, one scruple. 



AMMONII TALEEIAHAS. — AMYGDALA. 



131 



each, half 
an ounce. 



Flowers of sulphur, 

Lard, 

Tar, 

Mix well. Advised in chronic diseases of 
the skin. To be rubbed on a moderate ex- 
tent of surface at a time. Phoebus. 



Sulphuretted Syrup. 

R. Boj T le's fuming 

liquor, three drachms. 

Sulphuret of antimony 

and sodium, one drachm. 

Simple syrup, an ounce and a half. 
Mix. Has been prescribed in croup, in 
the dose of a teaspoonful every hour. 

Swediaur. 



AMMONII YALERIArTAS. 

Valerianate op Ammonium. 

From a mixture of chloride of ammonium 
in coarse powder, and an equal weight of 
recently slaked lime, obtain gaseous am- 
monia; pass this first through a bottle filled 
with pieces of lime and afterwards into 
officinal valerianic acid, contained in a tall 
narrow glass vessel, until the acid is neu- 
tralized. Let crystallize, drain, and dry the 
crystals on bibulous paper. U. S. Ph. 

Used in neuralgia, hysteria, epilepsy and 
similar affections. Dose, two to eight 
grains, dissolved in water and flavored with 
an aromatic and syrup. 



Elixir of Valerianate of Ammonium. 

R. Valerianic acid, one fl. ounce. 

Distilled water, 

twenty-four fl. ounces. 
Carbonate of ammo- 
nium, sufficient. 
Alcohol, 

Simple syrup, each, twelve fl. 

ounces. 
Peach water, eight fl. ounces. 

Saturated tincture of 

fresh orange peel, one fl. ounce. 
Oil of bitter almonds, five minims. 
Oil of sweet orange, 

twenty minims. 
Mix the acid and water and neutralize with 
the carbonate ; dissolve the oils in the 
alcohol, mix the solutions, add the other 
ingredients, aud color with caramel. 

Maryland Coll. Ph. 
A tablespoonful contains five grains of 
the salt. 



AMYGDALA. 

Almonds. 
AMYGDALA AMARA. 

Bitter Almonds. 
AMYGDALA DULCIS. 

Sweet Almonds. 

The almond-tree, Amygdalus communis, is 
about the size and much resembles the 
peach-tree in appearance. It is a native of 
Persia and Syria, and is extensively culti- 
vated in the southern parts of Europe. 
There are several varieties, the most im- 
portant of which are the sweet and the 
bitter : the former having a sweet, bland 
kernel ; and the latter, one that has the 
bitter taste of the peach kernel. 

Sex. Syst. Icosaud. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Amygdalacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 677. Griffith, Med. Bot. 284. 

Sweet almonds act as a demulcent; but 
the bitter have some of the properties of 
hydrocyanic acid. 



Butter of Almonds. 

R. Blanched almonds, ten drachms. 

White sugar, twelve drachms. 

Orange-flower water, two drachms. 

Triturate till reduced to a homogeneous 

paste. Guibourt. 

A spoonful, stirred in a tumbler of water, 

forms an extemporaneous syrup of orgeat, 

which latter preparation is difficult to pre- 



Almond Paste. 
R. Blanched almonds, eight ounces. 
Oil of almonds, 

Lemon juice, each, a sufficient 

quantity. 

Diluted alcohol, five ounces. 

Form a paste. Taddei. 

R. Blanched almonds. 

Bice flour, each, eight ounces. 

Bean flour, sixteen ounces. 

Myrrh, two ounces. 

Camphor, one ounce and a half. 

White soap, twenty ounces. 

Form a paste. Spt'elmann. 

Used as a cosmetic. 



Almond Powder. 
R. Blanched almonds, two pounds. 
Bice flour, 

Orris root, each, four ounces. 

Benzoin, 

Carbonate of potassium, 
Spermaceti, each, one ounce. 

Oil of rhodium. 



132 



AMYGDALA. 



Oil of lavender, 

" cloves, each, thirty drops. 
Form a powder. Used as a cosmetic. 



Compound Almond Powder. 

R. Sweet almonds, eight ounces. 

Powdered gum Arabic, one ounce. 



sugar, 



four ounces. 



Blanch the almonds and wipe them dry; 
then rub them lightly in a mortar to a 
smooth consistence. Mix the gum and sugar, 
and adding them to the pulp gradually rub 
the whole to a coarse powder. Brit. Ph. 

This is the almond confection of the 
older pharmacopoeias. 

One drachm triturated with an ounce of 
distilled water forms an excellent emulsion, 
which is nutritive and emollient. 



Compound Almond Lotion. 
R. Sweet almonds, one ounce. 

Bitter " four drachms. 

Form an emulsion with 

Cherry brandy, ten fl. ounces. 
Add 

Corrosive sublimate, six grains. 

Tincture of benzoin, six drachms. 

Lemon juice, four drachms. 

Mix. As a lotion for pustular eruptions 
on the face. The mixture should be shaken 
before it is used. Siemerling. 



Syrup of Orgeat. 
R. Sweet almonds, twelve troy- 

ounces. 

Bitter " four troyounces. 

Sugar, seventy-two troyounces. 

Water, sufficient. 

Orange-flower water, four fl. 

ounces. 
Blanch the almonds, pound thoroughly in a 
marble mortar (alter having soaked them 
in cold water), mix gradually with one pint 
and a half of water, and strain with ex- 
pression. Repeat the process with the 
same quantity of water, and make up the 
strained liquor to three pints, in which 
dissolve the sugar with a gentle heat. 
When cold, add the orange-flower water 
and mix. Ambrose Smith. 

The almond syrup of Paris Co dex and 
Ph. Germ, are nearly identical with this. 

The U. S. Ph. directs an almond syrup 
which only differs from the above in not 
containing any orange-flower water. All of 
the " Byrups are demulcent and nutritive. 
But they are, chiefly used as flavoring in- 
gredients in COUgh mixtures. 



No. 2. 



Artificial Milk. 

R. Blanched almonds, 
Make an emulsion with 

Boiling water, four fl. ounces. 

Cow's milk, six fl. ounces. 

White sugar, one drachm. 

Strain. As a substitute for breast-milk 
for infants. Eosenstein. 



Anodyne Milk. 
R. Blanched almonds, four ounces. 

Melon seed, 

Squash seed, each, one ounce. 

Lettuce seed, 

Poppy seed, each, one drachm. 
Triturate well, adding gradually 

Barley water, sufficient. 

Strain and express ; to be taken in glassful 
doses, to which are to be added two drachms 
of sugar. Pierquin. 



Milk of Roses. 



R. Almonds, 
Rose water, 
Alcohol, 
Soap, 
Attar of roses, 



one ounce. 

five fl. ounces. 

one fl. ounce. 

half a drachm. 

two drops. 



Blanch the almonds, dry them well with a 
cloth, beat them to a paste, add the soap, 
triturate well, then add the rose water and 
alcohol, rub well together, and strain 
through fine linen. This keeps well. 

Bateman. 
R. Blanched almonds, eight ounces. 

Rose water, three pints. 

Windsor soap, 

White wax, 

Oil of almonds, each, half an 

ounce. 

Rectified spirit, twelve ounces. 

Oil of bergamot, half an ounce. 
" lavender, one drachm. 

Attar of roses, half a drachm. 
Beat the almonds with the rose water, so 
as to form an emulsion ; melt the soap, 
wax, and almond oil together by a gentle 
heat, and rub the mixture with the emul- 
sion ; strain ; dissolve the essential oils in 
the spirit, and mix with the strained emul- 
sion. Redwood. 



Goulard's Lotion. 
R. Emulsion of bitter 

almonds, two hundred parts. 
Corrosive sublimate, 
Sal ammoniac, each, one part. 

Foy. 



AMYGDALA 



133 



Almond Cream. 

R. Marrow pomatum, 

Almond oil, each, two ounces. 
Melt by a gentle heat, and add 

Oil of jasmine, two drachms, 

stirring till cold. As an application to 
the hair. Bateman. 



Oil of Almonds. 

The kernels of almonds are to be rubbed 
and shaken in a bag to remove the reddish 
dust that adheres to them, then ground in 
a mill or pounded in a stone mortar. The 
marc is to be subjected to pressure in a 
linen bag, and the oil filtered. 



Cold Cream. 

R. Rose water, two fl. ounces. 

Oil of almonds, three troy ounces 
and a half. 

Spermaceti, one troy ounce. 

White wax, two drachms. 

Melt together the oil, spermaceti, and wax, 
by means of a water-bath, add the rose 
water, and stir constantly until the mixture 
is cold. U. S. Ph. 



Almond Emulsion. 

R. Compound almond 

powder, one ounce. 

Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. 

Rub together, and strain. Brit. Ph. 

R. Sweet almonds, half a troy ounce. 

Gum Arabic, half a drachm. 

Sugar, two drachms. 

Water, half a pint. 

Blanch the almonds, beat them with the 
gum and sugar till thoroughly mixed ; then 
rub the mixture with the water gradually 
added, and strain. U. S. Ph. 

R. Blanched sweet almonds, 

Sugar, each, one part. 

Water, twenty parts. 

Rub together and strain. Parts Codex. 

A good demulcent, in irritation or in- 
flammation of mucous membranes, and may 
be freely used. 

Aromatic almond emulsion contains in 
one pint half a fl. ounce of orange-flower 
water in the place of the same quantity of 
water, and by adding to each fl. ounce half a 
grain of nitrate of potassium the nitrated 
almond emulsion of French pharmacy is 
obtained. 



Compound Almond Emulsion. 

R. Sweet almonds, four parts. 

Hyoscyamus seed, one part. 

Dilute bitter almond 

water, sixty-four parts. 

Make an emulsion, and add 

Powdered sugar, six parts. 

Magnesia, one part. 

Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. Ph. Germ. 



"White Linctus. 
R. Blanched sweet 

almonds, one ounce. 

Blanched bitter 

almonds, thirty grains. 

White sugar, one ounce. 

Powdered tragacanth, eight grains. 
Orange-flower 

water, two drachms and a half. 



Water, 



four ounces. 



Beat the almonds with a little water and 
most of the sugar until a homogeneous 
paste is obtained, add gradually the re- 
mainder of the water, and strain. Triturate 
the tragacanth with the remainder of the 
sugar, then add gradually the emulsion, 
with long-continued trituration, and finally 
the orange-flower water. The result is about 
five ounces. Dose, a tablespoonful. 

Paris Codex. 



Green Linctus. 
R. Pistachio nuts (Pistacia Vera) 

No. 14. 

Syrup of violets, one ounce. 

Oil of almonds, half an ounce. 

Gum tragacanth, sixteen grains. 

Tincture of saffron, twenty drops. 

Orange-flower water, two drachms. 

Water, four ounces. 

Make an emulsion. Soubeiran. 

Employed as a demulcent cough mixture. 

Dose, a tablespoonful. 



Emollient Clyster. 
R. Oil of almonds, 

Brown sugar, each, one ounce. 

Barley water, half a pint. 

Mix. Saunders. 



Bitter Almond Water. 



R. 



Oil of bitter 
almonds, 

Carbonate of 
magnesium, 

Water, 



sixteen minims. 

one drachm, 
two pints. 



134 



AMYGDALA 



"Rub the oil with the carbonate, then with the 
water gradually added, and filter through 
paper. U. S. Ph. 

The full dose is a tablespoonful. 



Concentrated Bitter Almond "Water. 
R. Bitter almonds, twelve parts. 

Pound them, express the oil, avoiding heat, 
and macerate with 

Water, eighty parts, 

add 

Alcohol, two parts, 

and distil ten parts, or enough so that the 
distillate contains in one thousand parts 
one part of hydrocyanic acid, this quantity 
yielding, with nitrate of silver, five parts 
of dry cyanide of silver. Ph. Germ. 



Diluted Bitter Almond "Water. 
R. Concentrated bitter almond 

water, one part. 

Distilled water, nineteen parts. 

Mix. Also known as Cherry Water. 

Ph. Germ. 



Diuretic "Water. 
R. Bitter almonds, four ounces. 

Dried elder flowers, six ounces. 
Peach kernels, four ounces. 

Cherry kernels, two ounces. 

Wine, eight pints. 

Digest for two days and distil one-half. 

Palat. Ph. 
Said to act as a diuretic in doses of half 
an ounce, but requires to be used with much 
caution. 



Oil of Bitter Almonds. 
R. Bitter almonds, twenty pounds. 
Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Pound the almonds, express the oil, let the 
cake macerate in water for twenty-four 
hours, distil as long as the product is odor- 
ous, separate the oil, redistil the water, and 
again separate the oil. Cottereau. 

Very poisonous, especially when fresh ; 
principally employed as a flavoring ingre- 
dient, but should always be used with great 
caution. Dose, half a drop. 



Lockstadt's Pills. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, three grains. 

Aromatic powder, ten grains. 

Oil of bitter almonds, one drop. 

Extract of gentian, sufficient. 
Make ten pills. The whole to be taken at 
a dose, before an expected paroxysm of in- 
termittent fever. Phoebus. 



each, half 
an ounce. 



Mixtures of Oil of Almonds. 

R. Oil of almonds,*) 

Simple syrup, V- equal parts. 

Water, * ) 

Make an emulsion. Ratier. 

R. Oil of almonds, two parts. 

Gum Arabic, one part. 

Water, seventeen parts. 

Make an emulsion. Ph. Germ. 

R. Oil of almonds, 

Gum Arabic, 

Orange-flower water, 

Syrup of mallows, one «unce. 

Water, three ounces. 

Make an emulsion. Paris Codex. 

R. Oil of almonds, one ounce. 

Yolk of egg^ one. 

Syrup of mallows, one ounce. 

Orange-flower water, two drachms. 

Water, two ounces. 

Make an emulsion. Guibourt. 

R. Oil of almonds, 

Syrup of orgeat, each, seven 

drachms. 

Gum Arabic, two drachms. 

Bitter almond water, half an ounce. 

Make an emulsion. Dose, a teaspoonful. 

Radius. 

R. Oil of sweet almonds, 

Syrup of tolu, each, one fl. ounce. 
Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 



sufficient. 



Solution carbonate 

potassium, 

Make emulsion. A tablespoonful two or 

three times a day in catarrh. Ainslie. 



Cosmetic Liniment. 

R. Oil of almonds, one ounce. 

Balsam of Mecca, one drachm. 

Carb. of potassium, half a drachm. 

Rose water, four fl. ounces. 

Rub the balsam with the oil, add the 
carbonate, triturate for ten minutes, and 
gradually introduce the rose water. 



Macassar 


Oil. 




R. Oil of almonds, 




at will. 


Alkanet root, 




sufficient 


to color. 






Oil of cinnamon, 




sufficient 


to scent. St 


eph. 


and Church. 



AMYLUM. — ANEMONE. 



135 



Bandoline. 
R. Oil of almonds, one ounce. 

White wax, one drachm. 

Tincture of mastic, three drachms. 
Oil of bergamot, one drachm. 

Melt the oil and wax together by a mode- 
rate heat, then add the tincture of mastic 
and oil of bergamot, and strain. 
To fix and retain the hair in form. 

Redwood, 



AMYLUM 

Starch. 



Mucilage of Starch. 
R. Starch, two drachms. 

Water, ten fl. ounces. 

Triturate the starch with the water gradu- 
ally added, then boil for a few minutes. 

Brit Ph. 
Mainly employed as a demulcent injec- 
tion in irritation of the rectum, etc., and 
forms a good vehicle for laudanum and other 
active remedies when given in enemata. 



one ounce. 

each, two 
ounces. 



Compound Powder of Starch. 
R. Liquorice root, 

Starch, 

Gum Arabic, 

" tragacanth, V 

Quince seed, 

Pop^yy seed, 

Blanched almonds, four ounces. 

Sugar candy, twelve ounces. 

Triturate well. Van Mons. 

Has been advised in spitting of blood, 

catarrh, and diarrhoea, in doses of half a 

drachm to a drachm. 



Starch Lozenges. 
R. Starch, 

Orris root, each, half an ounce. 

Extract of liquorice, one ounce. 

Saffron, half an ounce. 

White sugar, one pound. 

Mix, and form into lozenges. Pideret. 

R. Starch, one ounce. 

Gum Arabic, two ounces. 

White sugar, one pound. 

Benzoic acid, half a drachm. 

Rose water, sufficient 

to form a paste. To be divided into loz- 
enges. Swediaur. 
These lozenges are somewhat stimulat- 
ing, and are best suited to chronic catarrhs. 



Starch Jelly. 

R. Starch, six ounces. 

Water, six pounds. 

Boil till reduced to three pounds, and add 

Wine, four ounces. 

Lemon juice, one ounce. 

Simple syrup, two ounces. 

Mix well, and permit to cool. Swediaur. 
A nourishing diet for convalescents. 



Mixture of Starch and Suet. 
R. Cow's milk, six pounds. 

Mutton suet, two ounces. 

Boil by a gentle heat, constantly stirring, 
and add 

Starch, a spoonful. 

Boil a short time, and add 

White sugar, a sufficiency. 

Recommended in wineglassfuls. in dysen- 
tery. Pringle. 



Clyster of Starch. 
R. Starch, half an ounce. 



Water, 



a pint. 



Mix the starch with three ounces of cold 
water, then add the remainder of the water 
boiling hot. Paris Codex. 



AMYLI IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Starch. 
R. Iodine, twenty-four grains. 

Triturate with a little water, and add gra- 
dually 

Powdered starch, one ounce. 

Continue the trituration till the mixture as- 
sumes a deep and uniform color. Buchanan. 
Dose, half a drachm, to be gradually in- 
creased to four drachms. Given in cases 
requiring the use of iodine. 



ANEMONE. 

Anemone. 

A genus of perennial herbs with radical 
leaves. They are all acrid and stimulating. 
The species most generally employed are 
the A. pratensis and A. Pulsatilla, both natives 
of Europe ; A. Ludoviciana of this country 
appears to have the same properties, and has 
been employed by Dr. W. H. Miller in place 
of the A. pratensis which was at one time in 
much repute in amaurosis and chronic dis- 
eases of the skin. 

Sex. JSyst. Polyand. polygyn. J¥at. Syst. 
Ranunculacese. 

Lindley, Med. Flor. 2. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
80. 



136 



ANETHUM.- ANGELICA 



Extract of Anemone. 
R. Fresh anemone, twenty parts. 
Pound in a mortar with a little water, ex- 
press the juice, evaporate in a water-bath 
to two parts, add two parts of alcohol, fil- 
ter after twenty-four hours, and evaporate 
to the proper consistence. Ph. Germ. 

The dose is from one grain to four, gra- 
dually increasing. It has been advised in 
doses of half a grain to a grain, in combi- 
nation with sugar of milk, in hooping- 
cough. 



Anemone Pills. 
R. Powder of anemone, one drachm. 
Extract of anemone, sufficient. 

Make sixty pills. Dose, one to five, three 
times a day, gradually increasing! 

Said to have proved useful in amaurosis. 



Collyrium of Anemone. 
R. Anemone, three drachms. 

Water, sufficient 

to make six ounces of infusion ; add 

Corrosive sublimate, one grain. 
To be dropped in the eye, in opacity of the 
cornea and incipient cataract. Radius. 



"Water of Anemone. 
R. Fresh anemone, four parts. 

Water, sufficient 

to prevent empyreuma. Distil six parts. 

Van Mons. 
This is the best preparation, as it con- 
tains the active principle, but will not keep 
long. It is somewhat caustic, and has been 
recommended to remove freckles on the skin. 



ANETHUM. 
Dill. 

This is the fruit of Anethum graveolens, an 
herbaceous plant cultivated in Europe. It 
is flat, of an oval shape, and has a pale 
membranous margin, an aromatic odor, and 
a warm bitterish taste. 

8ex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Api- 
aceaj. 

Dill is an aromatic stimulant and carmi- 
native, and is given in doses often to thirty 
grains ; the volatile oil, which is obtained by- 
distillation with water, is used in doses of 
one to five drops. 



Dill Water. 
R. Dill fruit, bruised, one pound. 
Water, twenty pounds. 

Distil ten pounds. Brit. Ph. 

Used mainly as a vehicle. 



ANGELICA. 

Angelica. 

The only species of this genus that was 
formerly officinal in our Pharmacopoeia is 
A. atro-purpurea. This possesses much the 
same properties as the Garden Angelica, and 
is popularly used in flatulent colic and car- 
dialgia. In Europe, the A. officinalis is 
generally used ; and, as both species appear 
to possess the same properties, they may be 
indifferently employed. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Apiacese. 

Torrey and Gray, Flor. 1, 64. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 322. 



Compound Spirit of Angelica Fruit. 
R. Anise, 

Angelica fruit, each, half a pound. 

Proof spirit, one gallon. 

Water sufficient to prevent empyreuma. 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, and distil 

a gallon. 

A stimulant, used as a stomachic and 
carminative. Dose, half a drachm to four 
drachms. Dublin Ph. 1826. 



Tincture of Angelica. 
R. Angelica root, one part. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.89, five parts. 
Macerate for a week, and filter. 

Danish Ph. 
Employed as a carminative and alexi- 
pharmic, in doses of one fl. drachm. 



Compound Spirit of Angelica. 
R. Angelica root, sixteen parts. 

Valerian, 

Juniper berries, each, four parts. 

Alcohol, seventy-five parts. 

Water, one hundred and 

twenty-five parts. 
Maoerate for twenty-four hours, distil one 
hundred parts, and add 

Camphor, two parts. 

Dissolve. Ph. Germ. 



Water of Angelica. 

R. Angelica root, one part. 

Water, six parts. 

Distil three parts. Cottereau. 



Errhine Mixture. 
R. Water of angelica, 

" orange flowers, 

u roses, equal parts. 



ANGUSTXJEA. ANIST7M. 



137 



Mix. Pierquin. 

This has been recommended to destroy 
the fetid smell in ozcena. 



Conserve of Angelica. 

R. Fresh root of angelica, one part. 

Water, eight parts. 

Macerate for a few days, boil, clarify the 
decoction, and add 

Sugar, one part and a half. 

Cook the root in the syrup, and preserve in 
this state, or dry. Giordano. 



Essence of Angelica. 

R. Angelica root, one part. 

Diluted alcohol, eight parts. 

Water, sixteen parts. 

Distil off six parts. Stomachic and car- 
minative. Van Mons. 



ANGUSTURA. 
Angustura Bark. Cusparia Bark. 

This is recognized by the U. S. Pharma- 
copoeia as the product of Galipea officinalis, 
but is also obtained from one or more other 
species, all natives of South America. It is 
compact, in flat or rolled, but seldom quilled 
pieces, of a light gray color externally, and 
of a yellowish-fawn within. It is very fra- 
gile, with a resinous fracture. The odor is 
faint but disagreeable ; the taste is bitter 
and somewhat aromatic, leaving a sensation 
of pungency. Its powder is pale yellow. 

Sex. Syst. Heptand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Rutacese. 

Hancock, Trans. Med. Soc. 1849. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 192. 

It is a stimulating tonic, in large doses 
acting on the stomach and bowels. It is 
more used in chronic diarrhoea, and a debili- 
tated condition of the stomach and bowels, 
than as a febrifuge. Dose, ten to thirty 
grains. 



Infusion of Angustura. 

R. Bruised angustura bark, half a 

troyounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, 

and strain. It may also be obtained by 

percolating the bark with water. 

U. S. Ph. 
The infusion of the Brit. Ph. is about 
one-fifth weaker. 

The dose is two fl. ounces, every two to 
four hours. 



Tincture of Angustura. 
R. Powdered angustura bark, four 
and a half ounces. 
Proof spirit, two pints. 

Macerate for fourteen days, then filter. 

Ed. Ph. 
This contains the active principles of the 
bark, and may be given in the dose of one 
or two fl. drachms. 



Electuary of Angustura. 

R. Powdered angustura, half an 

ounce. 

Powdered canella, half a drachm. 

Honey, a sufficient quantity. 

Make an electuary. . Foy. 

This has been employed with benefit in 

chronic diarrhoea and dysentery, in doses 

of about a drachm. 



R 



Mixture of Angustura. 

Infusion of angustura, six 

fl. ounces. 

Cinnamon water, half fl. ounce. 

Laudanum, twenty drops. 

Mix. Three spoonfuls a day. Radius. 



ANISUM. 

Anise. 



This is the fruit of Pimpinella anisum, a 
perennial plant, cultivated largely in some 
parts of Europe, and often met with in gar- 
dens in this country. The fruit is of a gray- 
ish-green color, of an ovate, compressed 
form, with five pale, narrow ridges. It is 
aromatic, and has a pleasant, sweetish taste. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apia- 
Linn. Sp. PI. 378. Griffith, Med. Bot. 319. 
Anise is an aromatic stimulant, and is used 
in various forms, in colic and dyspepsia, and 
to prevent the griping of some purgatives. 
The oil is officinal, but is almost entirely 
superseded by that of Illicium anisatum, 
which is nearly identical. 



Spirit of Anise. 

R. Oil of anise, one fl. ounce. 

Stronger alcohol, fifteen fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, twenty to forty drops, on sugar. 

R. Anise, bruised, one part. 

Alcohol of 56 per ct., eight parts. 

Macerate for two days, add sufficient water, 

and distil eight parts. Paris Codex, 



138 



AXISTJM STELLATUM. AKTHEMIS 



Essence of Anise. 
R. Oil of anise, one fl. ounce. 

Rectified spirit, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. Dose, ten to twenty minims. 

Brit. Ph. 



Anise Water. 
R. Oil of anise, half a fl. drachm. 

Carbonate of magnesium, one 

drachm. 
Distilled water, two pints. 

Kub the oil with the carbonate, then with 
the water, gradually added, and filter. 

It may also be prepared by distilling 
eight pints from a mixture of ten troy- 
ounces of powdered anise and sixteen pints 
of water! U. S. Ph. 

Dose, a tablespoonful. • 



Anise Lozenges. 
R. White sugar, 

Anise water, each, two ounces. 

Evaporate to the consistence of honey, and 
add a mixture of 

White sugar, four ounces. 

Oil of anise, half a drachm. 

Pour on a cold marble slab. Cottereau. 
Used as a carminative and anti-dys- 
peptic. 



Mixture of Anise. 
R. Powdered anise, 
" fennel, 

Extract of liquorice, each, 

one ounce. 
Syrup of mallows, twelve ounces. 

Mix. Hanover Pharm. 

Said to be an excellent carminative, espe- 
cially for children, in doses of about a tea- 
spoonful. 



R 



Tincture of Anise. 
Spirit of anise, sixteen ounces. 
Elixir proprietatis, one ounce. 
Aromatic confection, half an 

ounce. 
Pink flowers, one drachm. 

Filter, after sufficient maceration. 

Wirterriberg Ph. 
Stomachic, carminative, and pectoral. 
Dose, one to I wo drachms. 



R. 



Oil of Anise Mixture. 

Oil of anise, twelve minims. 

Sugar, one drachm. 



Tincture of ginger, two fl. drachms. 

Peppermint water, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, two or three spoonfuls, as a 
carminative. Ainslie. 



ANISUM STELLATUM. 

Star Anise. 

Under this name the fruit of Illicium an- 
isatum is recognized by several European 
pharmacopoeias. This evergreen tree is in- 
digenous to Japan and China. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. polygyn. Nat. Syst. 
Magnoliacese. 

The fruit consists of about eight capsules, 
which are united at their base, forming the 
figure of a star. Each capsule is usually 
ruptured at its upper margin, showing the 
fiat, ovate, shining seed. The capsules con- 
tain a considerable portion of volatile oil, 
which is chemically and medicinally identi- 
cal with that of true anise, but is rather less 
agreeable in flavor. 



ANTHEM IS 

Chamomile. 



Several species of Anthemis are employed 
in medicine, but the most important and 
the only one recognized in the TJ. S. Pharm., 
is A. nobilis. This is an herbaceous peren- 
nial, a native of Europe, where it is also 
extensively cultivated, and is also to be 
found in gardens in this country. The part 
used is the flowers ; these, as found in the 
shops, are large, roundish, of a yellowish- 
white color, a peculiar, somewhat balsamic 
odor, and a warm, bitter, aromatic taste. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. As- 
teraeese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1260. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
401. 

Chamomile is an aromatic bitter tonic, in 
small doses, but emetic in large ones ; the 
usual mode of administration is in infusion. 



Infusion of Chamomile. 
R. Chamomile, half a troyounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for ten minutes in a covered ves- 
sel, and strain. TJ. S. Ph. 

The infusion of Brit. Ph. is about one- 
fifth weaker. 

When cold, it is tonic in doses of one or. 
two fl. ounces, several times a day. As an 
aid to the operation of emetics, it should 
be given in a tepid state, and largely. 



Extract of Chamomile. 
R. Chamomile, one pound. 

Water, ten pounds. 



AKTIMONIUM. AN TIM ONI I CHLOKIDUM. 



139 



Boil down to one-half, press, filter whilst 
hot, and evaporate in the water-bath to 
proper consistence, adding at the end of 
the process fifteen minims of oil of chamo- 
mile. Brit. Ph. 
A mild, bitter tonic, in doses of ten to 
twenty grains. 



Mixture of Chamomile. 
B. Infusion of chamomile, four fl. 

ounces. 
Syrup of orange-flowers, one fl. 

ounce. 
Ethereal tincture of 

valerian, one fl. drachm. 

Mix. Foy. 

This has proved useful in hysteria and 
other nervous diseases, especially where 
the stomach is disordered. Dose, a dessert- 
spoonful. 

B. Extract of chamomile, 

Gum Arabic, each, two drachms. 
Chamomile water, five fl. ounces. 
Tamarind pulp, 
Syrup of chamomile, 
each, one ounce. 

Mix. Phoebus. 

Said to be useful in diarrhoea, in table- 
spoonful doses. 



Syrup of Chamomile. 
B. Chamomile, four ounces. 

Boiling water, forty ounces. 

Infuse for six hours, express, strain, and 
decant. Dissolve in every ten ounces of 
the colature nineteen ounces of sugar. 

Paris Codex. 

R. Coarsely powdered 

chamomile, one ounce. 

Cold water, sufficient. 

Coarsely powdered 

sugar, twenty ounces. 

Obtain twelve fl. ounces of infusion by 
displacement of the chamomile and water. 
Eemove the residue, and substitute the 
sugar in its place ; on this pour the infu- 
sion till entirely dissolved. Dose, a table- 
spoonful. E. Parrish. 



Terebinthinated Oil of Chamomile. 
B. Chamomile, one hundred and 

twenty parts. 
Oil of turpentine, one part. 

Beat the chamomile into a pulpy mass with 
sufficient water, add the oil of turpentine, 
and distil until oil ceases to come over. 
Separate this from the water, and filter. 



Used in liniments for rheumatic affec- 
tions. Corput. 



Oleo-infusion of Chamomile. 

B. Bruised chamomile, one part. 

Olive oil, ten parts. 

Digest for two hours in a covered vessel, 

express and filter. Paris Codex. 



Compound Chamomile Fills. 
B. Assafetida, one scruple 

and a half. 
Extract of chamomile, one 

drachm. 
Powdered rhubarb, one scruple. 
Make mass, and divide into thirty pills. 
Three, twice a day in flatulent dyspepsia. 

Ainslie. 



ANTIMONIUM. 

Antimony. 

A metal of a silvery blue color, very brill- 
iant, of a lamellar texture, brittle, and easily 
pulveiized. Metallic antimony, or Regulus 
of antimony, is not officinal in our Pharma- 
copoeia, but is the basis of a great number 
of very important preparations. 



ANTIMONII CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride of Antimony. 

B. Sulphuret of antimony, one part. 
Muriatic acid, three parts. 

Dissolve by aid of a gentle heat, let stand, 
decant, evaporate, and then distil almost 
to dryness. Paris Codex. 



Solution of Chloride of Antimony. 
B. Black sulphuret of 

antimony, one pound. 

Muriatic acid, four pints. 

Add, apply a gentle and increasing heat, 
and finally boil for fifteen minutes. Strain 
and boil down to two pints (imper.). Sp. gr. 
1.47. Brit. Ph. 

The specific gravity directed by Ph. 
Germ, is 1.34 to 1.36. 

The butter of antimony is used as a 
caustic, to destroy fungous flesh and to cau- 
terize poisoned wounds. 



Ointment of Chloride of Antimony. 
B. Liquid chloride of antimony, 
Corrosive sublimate, 

each, one drachm. 



140 



AXTIMONII SULPHUEETUM, 



Powdered savine, 
Laid, 



two drachms, 
six drachms. 



Mix. To destroy venereal excrescences. 

Radius. 



ANTIMONII OXIDUM. 

Oxide op Antimony. 

R. Solution of chloride 

of antimony, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Carbonate of sodium, six ounces. 
Water, twenty pounds. 

Pour the antimonial solution into the water, 
mix, let settle, decant, and wash twice, each 
time with ten pounds of distilled water, and 
decant ; then add the carbonate previously- 
dissolved in two and a half pounds of water, 
stir frequently for half an hour, collect on 
a calico filter, and wash thoroughly with 
boiling distilled water. Dose, one to four 
grains. Brit. Ph. 

The process of U. S. Ph. is similar. 



Antimonial Powder. 
R. Oxide of antimony, one ounce. 
Phosphate of calcium, two ounces. 
Mix thoroughly. Dose, three to ten grains. 

Brit. Ph. 
This is a substitute for James's antimo- 
nial powder. 



James's Powder. 
R. Tartar emetic, one scruple. 

Prepared burnt hartshorn, 
Oxide of antimony, each, five 

scruples. 
Mix, and divide into twenty-one grain pow- 
ders. Said to be the formula by which the 
original powder was prepared by Dr. 
James. (Vid. Phil. Journ. Pharm., vi. 
282.) 



Pills of Antimonial powder and 
Calomel. 

R. Antimonial powder, ten grains. 

Powdered opium, 

Calomel, each, two grains. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and make four pills. Two to be taken 
at bedtime in acute rheumatism. Ellis. 



ANTIMONII SULPIIURETUM. 

Si LPHUBET of Antimony. 
BLAOE Antimony. 

The BUlphuret Or crude antimony is now 

seldom used as a medical agent, but is the 



basis of almost all the preparations of that 
metal. Some forms of exhibition are, how- 
ever, still in favor on the continent of 
Europe. 



Sulphurated Antimony. 

R. Sulphuret of antimony, six troy- 
ounces. 
Solution of potassa, four pints. 
Distilled water, 
Diluted sulphuric 

acid, each, a sufficient quantity. 
Mix the sulphuret with the solution of po- 
tassa and twelve pints of the water, boil by 
a gentle heat for two hours, frequently stir- 
ring, and adding more water, to keep up 
the original quantity. Strain, while hot ; 
and gradually add the sulphuric acid as 
a precipitate is produced ; wash well with 
hot water, dry, and powder. U. S. Ph. 

In the process of Brit. Ph. soda is sub- 
stituted for potassa. 
Dose, one to five grains. 



Pills of Sulphuret of Antimony. 

R. Sulphuret of antimony, one ounce. 
Guaiacum, two drachms. 

Extract of fumitory, sufficient. 
Mix, and make pills of two grains each. 

Radius. 
Formerly much employed in Germany, as 
an alterative in diseases of the skin and 
rheumatic affections. 

R. Sulphuret of antimony, half a 

drachm. 
Extract of opium, five to eight 

grains. 

u guaiacum, two drachms. 

Make fifty pills. Foy. 

Advised in gouty affections ; nine pills 

being given three times a day. 



Lozenges of Sulphuret of Antimony. 

R. White sugar, one hundred and 

ninety-two parts. 

Sulphuret of antimony, eight 

parts. 
Mucilage of gum 

A rabic, one part. 

Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains, 
each containing half a grain of the sulphu- 
ret. D&ral. 
Much employed in Europe, as an altera- 
tive in diseases of the skin, in rheumatism, 
gout, etc. 



ANTIMONII STJLPHUEETUM 



141 



Ointment of Sulphuret of Antimony. 

R. White wax, four ounces. 



Olive oil, 



twelve ounces. 



Melt together, and add 

Powdered charcoal, two ounces. 
Precipitated sulphur, 
Sulphuret of anti- 
mony, each, one ounce. 
Stir well until cold. Radius. 
Used as an application in tinea capitis. 



Oxysulphuret of Antimony. 
R. Carbonate of 

sodium, twenty-three troy- 

ounces. 
Water, sixteen pints. 

Sulphuret of 

antimony, one troyounce. 

Boil the antimony for an hour in the solu- 
tion of soda, filter the hot liquor into a 
warm earthen vessel, cool very slowly, wash 
the precipitate with cold water, dry at a 
moderate temperature, and keep in well- 
closed bottles/ U. S. Ph. 
This is likewise the process of the Paris 
Codex and Ph. Germ. 
Dose, one to three grains. 



Kermesine Powder, 
R. Kermes mineral, two grains. 

Sugar of milk, 
Gum Arabic, each, one drachm. 

Divide into six powders. Radius. 

Given as a diaphoretic and expectorant, 
in the dose of one every four hours. 



Compound Kermesine Powder. 

R. Kermes mineral, half a drachm. 
Ipecacuanha, one grain. 

Prepared chalk, 
Gum Arabic, each, twelve grains. 

Mix, and divide into three powders ; one to 
be taken three times a day, in a spoonful of 
tea. _ St. Marie. 

This formula has been much praised in 
hooping-cough; the proportions are in- 
tended for a child of about twelve years of 



Lozenges of Kermes Mineral. 



R. Kermes mineral, 
Powdered squill, 

each, 
Extract of opium, 
Ipecacuanha, 



sixty grains. 

one drachm. 

two drachms. 



White sugar, three ounces. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, a sufficient 

quantity. 

Mix, and make four hundred lozenges. 

Foy. 
These are expectorant and calming in 
catarrh. One is to be taken every two 
hours. 

R. Kermes mineral, one drachm. 

Powdered gum 

Arabic, eight ounces. 

Extract of opium, twelve grains. 
" liquorice, two ounces. 

Sugar, thirty-two ounces. 

Oil of aniseed, six drops. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, 

sufficient. 
Mix, and form ten grain lozenges. Known 
as Tronchin's lozenges. Used in catarrh. 

Van Mons. 

R. Benzoic acid, two drachms. 

Sugar, thirty-two ounces. 

Powdered orris root, four drs. 
" gum Arabic, 

two ounces. 
" starch, four ounces. 
Water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix, and make fifteen grain lozenges. 

k Vandamme. 



Emulsion with Kermes Mineral. 
R. Kermes mineral, ten grains. 

Oxymel of squill, one ounce. 

Emulsion of gum Arabic, 

four ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally. 

Radius. 



Mixture with Kermes Mineral. 

R. Kermes mineral, two grains. 

Gum Arabic, one drachm. 

Syrup, four fl. ounces. 

" of grapes, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally in ca- 
tarrh, when expectoration is difficult. 

Pierquin. 



Golden Sulphuret of Antimony. 
R. Mother water of kermes 

mineral, at will. 

Add gradually, 

Acetic acid, 

till a precipitate is no longer formed. Wash 
this well in cold water, and dry by a gentle 
heat. Dose, one to ten grains. 

Paris Codex. 



142 



ANTIMONII ET POTASSII TAETBAS. 



Powder of Golden Sulphuret of 
Antimony. 

B. Golden sulph. of antimony, 

Camphor, each, a grain and a 

half to two grains. 
Nitrate of 

potassium, half a drachm to 
one drachm. 
Gum Arabic, 
White sugar, each, one drachm. 

Triturate well, and divide into six powders. 

Radius. 
The dose is one, every two hours, in peri- 
pneumonia, after a reduction of the primary 
symptoms. 

B. Golden sulph. of anti- 
mony, eight grains. 
Opium, two grains. 
Powdered Peruvian bark, 
" chamomile, 
each, four scruples. 

Mix, and divide into eight powders ; to be 
taken during the apyrexia of intermittent 
fever. Radius. 



Mixture of Sulphuret of Antimony. 

B. Golden sulph. of anti- 
mony, six grains. 
Extract of lettuce, one scruple. 
Syrup of seneka, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours. 

Phoebus. 



Sulphuret of Antimony and Lime. 

B. Golden sulph. of anti- 
mony, one part. 
Quicklime, three parts. 
Triturate together, and add 

Boiling water, twenty-four parts. 
Pry with :i gentle heat, constantly stirring, 
and keep in a well-closed bottle. 

Batav. Ph. 
Kmotic and resolvent. Much praised in 
gout, rheumatism, scrofula, etc. Dose, one 
to six grains. 



Pills of Sulphuret of Antimony and 
Lime. 

B. Sulphuret of antimony 

and lime, half a drachm. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, 

one drachm. 

Mix, and make sixty pills; five, thrice a 
day. Augustin. 



Plaster of Sulphuret of Antimony and 
Lime. 

B. Yellow wax, one drachm 

and a half. 
Melt, and mix 

Pitch, one ounce ; 

and incorporate in the cooling mixture 
Sulphuret of antimony 

and lime, five scruples. 

As a plaster in sciatica, chronic headache, 
etc. It sometimes occasions pustules. 

Radius. 



ANTIMONII SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Antimony. 

B. Antimony, two parts. 

Sulphuric acid, three parts. 

Heat in an earthen vessel, stirring from 
time to time, leave the mixture on the fire 
till it has assumed a grayish-white color, 
wash carefully, to remove the excess of acid, 
and dry the powder. Van Mons. 



ANTIMONII ET POTASSII 
TARTRAS. 

Tartar Emetic — Tartarated 
Antimony. 

B. Oxide of antimony, two troy- 
ounces. 
Cream of tartar in 

powder, two troyounces and 

a half. 

Distilled water, eighteen fl. ounces. 

Boil for an hour, filter while hot, and crys- 
tallize. U. 8. Ph. 
Dose, as a diaphoretic, one-twelfth to one- 
sixth of a grain ; as an emetic, one to three 
grains. 



Powder of Tartar Emetic. 
B. Tartar emetic, one grain. 

Sugar, thirty grains. 

Mix, and divide into ten powders. One 
every three or four hours as a diaphoretic 
in fevers, after bleeding. A. T. Thomson. 



Compound Powder of Tartar Emetic 
B. Tartar emetic, halfadraohm 

Sulphate of potassium, one ounce. 

Powdered liquorice, one ounce 

and a half. 

Mix well. Two scruples contain one grain 

of tartar emetic. 



ANTIMONII ET POTASSII TAKTRAS 



143 



R. Tartar emetic, 
Kermes mineral 



one gram. 

, two grains. 

Powdered orris root, one scruple. 

" gum Arabic, 

" sugar, each, one 

drachm. 

Mix. and divide into twenty-four powders. 
One every hour, as an expectorant. Cadet. 



Powder of Tartar Emetic and 
Quinia. 

R. Tartar emetic, three grains. 

Sulphate of quinia, ten grains. 
Mix. and divide into six powders. One, 
every two hours, in apyrexia of obstinate 
intermittents. Both vomits and purges. 

Gola. 



Powder of Tartar Emetic and Phos- 
phate of Calcium. 

R. Tartar emetic, one grain. 

Posphate of calcium, thirty-two 

grains. 
Mix. To be divided into four powders ; 
one to be taken in the evening, in chronic 
dysury produced by checked perspiration. 

Swediaur. 



Powder of Tartar Emetic and 

Ipecacuanha. 

R. Tartar emetic, two grains. 

Ipecacuanha, two scruples. 

Starch, half a drachm. 

Mix, and divide into three powders ; one 

every quarter of an hour, till vomiting is 

induced. Radius. 



Bolus of Tartar Emetic. 
R. Tartar emetic, six grains. 

Powdered Peruvian 

bark, six drachms. 

Extract of juniper, sufficient. 

Mix, and make sixty boluses. To be taken 
in twenty-four hours in quartan intermit- 
tents. Laennec. 



Pills of Tartar Emetic and Camphor. 

R. Tartar emetic, two grains. 

Powdered opium, six grains. 

camphor, thirty-six 

grains. 

Alcohol, three drops. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Powder the camphor with the alcohol, add 

th-3 other powders, mix and incorporate 



with the conserve, and divide into twelve 
pills. One every fourth hour as a diapho- 
retic. Ellis. 



Pills of Tartar Emetic and Opium. 
R. Tartar emetic, 

Opium, each, one grain and a half. 

Powdered tragacanth, 

Conserve of roses, each, sufficient. 
Mix, and make twenty-five pills. Two 
night and morning, in chronic pulmonary 
catarrh. Parrish. 



twelve grains, 
ten grains. 



R. Tartar emetic 

Opium, 

Crumb of bread, 

Gum Arabic, each, sufficient. 

Mix, and make pills of half a grain. Dose, 
one increased to two in chronic rheumatism. 

Broussais. 



Pills of Tartar Emetic and Guaiacum. 

R. Tartar emetic, one grain. 

Powdered guaiacum, half a 

drachm. 
Pill of aloes and 

nryrrh, half a drachm. 



Molasses, 
Mix, and make sixteen pills. 



sufficient. 

Beasley. 



Solution of Tartar Emetic. 

R. Tartar emetic, four grains. 

Sugar, one drachm. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. A tablespoonful every ten or 
fifteen minutes till it operates. Ellis. 



Solution of Tartar Emetic and Squill. 
R. Tartar emetic, two grains. 

Ox} mel of squill, half an ounce. 

Water, two fl. ounces and a half. 
Mix. One-half to be taken, and if it does 
not vomit in fifteen minutes, the remainder. 

Augustin. 



Emulsion of Tartar Emetic. 

R. Tartar emetic, five grains. 

Camphor, half a drachm. 

Blanched almonds, 
Syrup, each, one ounce. 

Water, ten fl. ounces. 

Make an emulsion with the almonds and 
water, mix the camphor rubbed with a few 
drops of alcohol, and add the tartar emetic ; 
when dissolved, add the syrup ; emetic and 
expectorant, according to the dose. 

Van Mons. 



144 



ANTIMONII ET POTASSII TAETEAS 



Clyster of Tartar Emetic. 
B. Tartar emetic, one to two scruples. 
Tepid solution of gum 

Arabic, one pint. 

To overcome obstinate constipation. To 

be used with much caution. Chapman. 

B. Tartar emetic, three to eight 

grains. 
Infusion of arnica, twelve fl. 

ounces. 

Dissolve. In apoplexy and cerebral affec- 

Foy. 



tions. 



Lotion of Tartar Emetic. 
B. Tartar emetic, one scruple. 

Water, one pint. 

Dissolve. In cutaneous affections. 

Pierquin. 



Lotion of Tartar Emetic and Corrosive 
Sublimate. 

B. Tartar emetic, one drachm. 

Corrosive sublimate, five grains. 

Compound spirit of 

lavender, one fl. drachm. 

Water, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. Wet the finger with the solution, 
and rub on the part for five or ten minutes ; 
it will cause a pustular eruption in a few 
hours. Hannay. 



Lotion of Tartar Emetic and Camphor. 
B. Tartar emetic, one drachm. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Tincture of camphor, half a 

fl. ounce. 

Mix. As a counter-irritant on the chest, 

in pulmonary complaints. Augustin. 



Ointment of Tartar Emetic. 

B. Tartar emetic, two drachms. 

Sugar, one drachm. 

Cinnabar, five grains. 

Spermaceti ointment, nine 

drachms. 

Mix. Jenner. 

B. Tartar emetic, one hundred grains. 

Lard, four hundred grains. 

Mix. U.S. Ph. 

The same proportions are directed by 
Ilrii. I'll, and Ph. derm. The Paris Codex 
directs one part of tartar emetic to three 
parts of oini ment of benzoin. 

The ointment occasions a pustular erup- 
tion upon the skin. 



Compound Tartar Emetic Ointment. 
B. Tartar emetic, half a drachm. 

Sal ammoniac, one drachm. 

Camphor, twenty-five grains. 

Musk, ten grains. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. As a counter-irritant in chronic dis- 
eases, of the liver. Fabre. 



Plaster with Tartar Emetic. 
B. Tartar emetic, in fine 

powder, one troyounce. 

Burgundy pitch, four troyounces. 

Melt the pitch, strain, add the powder and 

stir well while cooling. U. S. Ph. 

Or it may be made by sprinkling tartar 

emetic on a pitch or adhesive plaster. 

Ellis. 
It takes some time to produce its effect, 
and the eruption that ensues is very irri- 
tating and painful. 

B. Resin plaster, one ounce. 

Resin, four drachms. 

"Venice turpentine, three drachms. 

Melt together by a gentle heat, and when 
nearly cold add 

Powdered tartar 



emetic. 



one drachm. 



To be applied to the nape of the neck in 
scarlatina in children, also in rheumatism. 

Niemann. 



Ammoniacal Liniment -with Tartar 
Emetic. 

B. Ammoniacal liniment, one fl. 

ounce. 

Tartar emetic, one drachm. 

Mix. To indolent tumors, etc. Ellis. 



Antimonial Wine. 
B. Tartar emetic, thirty-two grains. 
Boiling distilled water, one fl. 

ounce. 
Sherry wine, sufficient. 

Dissolve the salt in the water and add wine 
sufficient to make one pint. U. S. Ph. 

Antimonial wine of Brit. Ph. and Ph. 
Germ, is of the same strength. Paris 
Codex directs one part of tartar emetic to 
three hundred parts of Malaga wine. 

Dose, as an emetic for children, from 
thirty drops to a fl. drachm, every fifteen 
minutes, till it operates. 



Collyrium with Antimonial Wine. 
B. Antimonial wine, half fl. ounce. 
Rose water, four fl. ounces. 



APOCTNUM. — ARAL I A. 



145 



Mix. 
niia. 



Balsam of Fioraventi, two drops. 

Recommended in chronic ophthal- 
Spielmann. 



Mixture of Antimonial "Wine and 
Ammoniac. 

R. Ammoniac, one scruple. 

Ox}-mel of squill, half fl. ounce. 

Antimonial wine, one fl. drachm. 

Syrup of liquorice, one fl. ounce 

and a half. 

Mix. A spoonful every two hours, as an 
expectorant. Phoebus. 



Mixture of Antimonial "Wine and 
Laudanum. 

R. Antimonial wine, three fl. drachms. 

Laudanum, one fl. drachm. 

Mix. Fifteen drops, every half hour or 

hour in rheumatic diarrhoea. Monro. 



Mixture of Antimonial Wine and 
Bittersweet. 

R. Antimonial wine, half fl. drachm. 
Syrup of marsh 

mallow, three fl. drachms. 

Fennel water, one fl. ounce and 

a half. 
Extract of bitter- 
sweet, fifteen grains. 
Cream of tartar, forty-five grains. 
Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in hoop- 
ing-cough in young children. Phoebus. 



R. 



Syrup of Antimonial Wine. 

Antimonial wine,"} 



Sal ammoniac, 



each. 



two drachms. 



Ammoniac, ) 

Oxymel of squill, one ounce. 

Syrup of mallow, half a pound. 
Mix. In pectoral affections, to facilitate 
expectoration and to keep the bowels open. 
A spoonful every hour. Cadet. 



APOCYNUM. 

DOGSBANE. 

Two species of this genus are officinal in 
the U. S. Ph. — A. androscemifolium and A. 
cannabinnm, possessed of much the same 
properties ; these are emetic, cathartic, and 
sometimes diuretic. The latter is rather the 
more powerful. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. 
Apocynaceae. 
10 



A. ANDEOSilMIFOLIUM. 

DOGSBANE. 

Bigelow, Med. Bot. ii. 148. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 449. 

A native of most parts of the TJ. S. Emetic 
and diaphoretic. Dose, 40 grains as an 
emetic ; where it is wished to act on the 
skin, five to ten grains combined with a 
grain of opium. 



A. CANNABINUM. 
Indian Hemp. 

Griscom, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. xii. 55. 
Griffith, Med. Bot. 450. 

Found in many parts of the United States. 
Emetic, in doses of fifteen to thirty grains. 



R 



Decoction of Indian Hemp. 

Root of Indian hemp, half an 

ounce. 
Water, a pint and a half. 

Boil to a pint. Griscom. 

This has been found useful in dropsy, in 
doses of one or two fl. ounces, two or three 
times a day, acting as a hydragogue purga- 
tive. 



Extract of Indian Hemp. 

R. Powdered root of 

Indian hemp, one pound. 

Water, one gallon. 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down 
to one quart, strain, and evaporate to a 
proper consistence. Dose, three to five. 
grains. Acts like the decoction, but is not 
as efficient. 



A R A L I A. 



Most of the species of this genus are medi- 
cinal, but two only are officinal. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. pentag. Nat. Syst. 
Araliacese. 



A. NUDICAULIS 
False Sarsaparilla. 

Torrey and Gray, PI. i. 646. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 344. 

A mild, stimulating diaphoretic, the root 
has been employed as a substitute for sarsa- 
parilla ; best, given in infusion. 



146 



AEGENTUM. — AEGENTI NITEAS. 



A. SPIN OS A. 

Angelica Tree. 

Torrey and Gray, PI. i. 647. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 345. 

The hark is a stimulating diaphoretic ; a 
decoction has heen found useful in rheuma- 
tic, syphilitic, and cutaneous affections ; as 
has also a tincture. 



ARGENTTTM. 

Silver. 

A solid, white, "brilliant, very ductile 
metal. It is wholly soluble in nitric acid. 
The only officinal preparations in our phar- 
macopoeia are the nitrate, oxide, and cy- 
anide ; but several others are employed in 
Europe. 



ARGENTI CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride of Silver. 

B. Solution of nitrate of 

silver, at will. 

Add gradually a solution of common salt, 
wash well the resulting precipitate, and dry 
hy a gentle heat in the shade. 



Powder of Chloride of Silver. 
R. Chloride of silver, one grain. 

Powdered orris root, two grains. 
Triturate well, and divide into ten parts. 
Used in syphilis, in friction on the tongue. 

Serve. 



Ammoniated Chloride of Silver. 
R. Liquid ammonia, at will. 

Saturate, by the aid of heat, with recently 
precipitated and well-washed chloride of 
silver. Filter whilst hot, and crystallize 



Sulphuric acid, 
Distilled water, 



Pills of Ammoniated Chloride of 
Silver. 

R. Ammoniated chloride 

of silver, one grain. 

Powdered orris root, two grains. 
Conserve of linden 



flowers, 

Mix, and make fourteen pills. 



sufficient. 
Serve. 



A R GBNTI CYANIDUM. 
Cyanide or Cyanuret of Silver. 

R. Nil rule of silver, 
Ferrocyanide of 
potassium, each, two troy ounces. 



one troyounce 

and a half. 

sufficient. 

Dissolve the nitrate in a pint of water, and 
put the solution in a glass receiver. Dis- 
solve the ferrocyanide in ten fi. ounces of 
water, and pour the solution into a retort 
adapted to the receiver. To the solution in 
the retort add the sulphuric acid diluted 
with four fi. ounces of water, and distil 
until the liquid that passes produces no 
longer a precipitate in the receiver. Then 
wash and dry the precipitate. U. S. Ph. 

Used in syphilis, in doses of one-twelfth 
to one-tenth of a grain. 



Ointment of Cyanide of Silver. 

R. Cyanide of silver, ten grains. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. Sevve. 

Employed as an application to ulcera- 
tions of the cornea, irritable ulcers, etc. 



ARGENTI IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Silver. 
Solution of nitrate of 



silver, 



at will. 



Add gradually a 

Solution of iodide of potassium. 

"Wash the precipitate, and dry hy a gentle 
heat. Patterson. 

Dose, one or two grains. 



Ointment of Iodide of Silver. 

R. Iodide of silver, ten grains. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. Sevre. 

Used in the same cases as the ointment 

of the cyanide. 



ARGENTI NITRAS, 

Nitrate of Silver. 



R 



Silver, in small pieces, one 

troyounce. 

Nitric acid, two and a half 

troy ounces. 

Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 

Mix the acid with the water, and dissolve 
the silver in the mixture, on a sand-hath, 
keeping an inverted funnel over the porce- 
lain capsule, containing the mixture ; then 
gradually increase the heat, so as to dry the 
sail. Melt this and continue tlie heat until 
free nitric acid is entirely dissipated. Then 
dissolve in six H. ounces of distilled water, 



ARGENTI NITEAS, 



147 



let subside and decant. Wash the residue 
with a rluidounce of water, evaporate the 
clear decanted liquids, crystallize and dry. 

U. S. Ph. 



Fused Nitrate of Silver. 

R. Nitrate of silver, at will. 

Melt in a porcelain capsule and continue 
the heat until frothing ceases, then pour 
into silver moulds. U. S. Ph. 

Used as a tonic and antispasmodic, in 
doses of a fourth of a grain, gradually in- 
creased. 



Pills of Nitrate of Silver. 

R. Crystallized nitrate of 

silver, one grain. 

Crumb of bread, one drachm. 

Make sixteen pills. Guibourt. 

Each pill contains a sixteenth of a grain 

of the nitrate. 

R. Nitrate of silver, ten grains. 

Opium, four grains. 

Extract of gentian, 

" liquorice, 

each, a drachm and a half. 

Make pills of a grain each. These each 

contain a twentieth of the nitrate. Brera. 



R. Nitrate of silver, 
Crumb of bread. 



two grains, 
sufficient, 
pills. One 



Mix well, and divide into 
to be taken every six hours 

Advised in chronic epilepsy and other 
spasmodic disorders. To prevent the blue 
tinge of the skin, so often produced by a 
continued use of this salt of silver, eight 
drops of diluted nitric acid in a fl. ounce of 
water, should be taken after each pill. 

A. T. Thomson. 



Mackensie's Solution. 

R. Nitrate of silver, one scruple. 

Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. Mackensie. 

Used to wash the throat and fauces, in 
affections of those parts. 



Nitrate of Silver Collyrium. 

R. Nitrate of silver, ten grains. 

Laudanum, half a fl. drachm. 

Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. Foy. 

Employed as a wash in purulent ophthal- 



Anti-Epileptic Mixture. 

R. Nitrate of silver, twelve grains. 
Laudanum, twenty drops. 

Mucilage of gum Arabic, one 

ounce. 
Mix. Radius. 

Given in epilepsy, in doses of twenty- 
drops, twice a day. 



Hair Dye. 



R. Silver, 

Steel filings, 
Nitric acid, 
Rain water, 



two drachms, 
half an ounce, 
one ounce, 
eight fl. ounces. 
Dissolve, and strain. To be applied by 
means of a fine brush. Bateman. 



Indelible Ink. 
R. Carbonate of sodium, half an oz. 
Distilled water, four ounces. 

Mix, and make mordant. 

five scruples. 

two drachms. 

one scruple. 

one fl. ounce. 

Gray. 



R. Nitrate of silver, 
Gum Arabic, 
Sap green, 
Distilled water, 

Mix, and make ink. 



Indelible Ink without Mordant. 

R. Nitrate of silver, one ounce. 

Crystallized carbonate of 

sodium, one ounce and a half. 
Tartaric acid, eight scruples. 

Strong solution of ammonia, 

two fl. ounces. 
Archil, half fl. ounce. 

White sugar, six drachms. 

Powdered gum Arabic, ten 

drachms. 
Distilled water, sufficient. 

Dissolve the nitrate and carbonate in sepa- 
rate portions of the water, mix the solu- 
tions, collect and wash the precipitate on a 
filter, rub it whilst still moist in a porcelain 
mortar with the tartaric acid, till effer- 
vescence has ceased, add the ammonia to 
dissolve the tartrate of silver, then mix the 
archil, sugar, and gum, adding as much 
water as will make six fl. ounces. 

Redwood. 



Ointment of Nitrate of Silver. 

R. Nitrate of silver, two grains. 

Lard, two drachms. 

Mix well. As an application in acute 

ophthalmia. Velpeau. 



148 



AEGENTI OXIDUM. — AMOEACIA 



B. Nitrate of silver, four parts. 

Lard, thirty parts. 

Or, eight parts of the salt to the same pro- 
portion of lard, or twelve parts to thirty. 
Used as an application to white-swelling. 

Jobert. 

R. Nitrate of silver, one part. 

Lard, seven and a half parts. 

Mix, to smear bougies, in cure of gonor- 
rhoea. Macdonald. 



Compound Ointment of Nitrate of 
Silver. 

R. Nitrate of silver, ten to twenty 

grains. 

Oxide of zinc ointment, half 

an ounce. 

Balsam of Peru, one drachm. 

Triturate thoroughly together. To heal 
venereal ulcers, and to promote cicatriza- 
tion. Fricke. 

R. Nitrate of silver, three grains. 
Solution of subacetate 

of lead, five drops. 

Lard, one drachm. 

Mix well. In chronic, ophthalmia. 

Guthrie. 



ARGENTI OXIDUM. 

Oxide of Silver. 

R. Nitrate of silver, four troy ounces. 

Water, half a pint. 

Solution of potassa, one pint 

and a half. 

Dissolve the nitrate in the water, and add 
the potassa as long as precipitation occurs. 
Wash and dry the precipitate, and keep it 
in opaque, well-stopped bottles. IT. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. prepares this with lime-water 
instead of potassa. 

Used as a substitute for the nitrate, in 
doses of about half a grain twice a day, in 
diseases of the stomach, of undue secretion, 
etc. 



Pills of Oxide of Silver. 

\i. Oxide of silver, six grains. 

Powdered liquorice, twelve grains, 
Syrup, sufficient. 

Make twelve pills. Dose, one piil three 
times daily, in pyrosis. 



Ointment of Oxide of Silver. 

R. Oxide of silver, twenty grains. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Hub well together. Serre. 

Used as an application to irritable ulcers, 

etc. 



ARMORACIA. 

Horseradish. 

This is a species of Cochlearia, the C. ar- 
moracia. A native of many parts of Europe, 
and much cultivated both there and in this 
country, for the sake of its roots, so well 
known as a condiment. The root is the part 
used in medicine. It has a pungent odor, 
and a warm, acrid taste. 

Sex. Syst. Tetrad, silic. Nat. Syst. Brassi- 
cacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 904. Griffith, Med. Bot. 131. 

As a remedial agent, it is an active stimu- 
lant, and when applied to the skin acts as a 
rubefacient. 



Infusion of Horseradish. 

R. Fresh horseradish, sliced, 
Mustard seed, bruised, 

each, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, 
and strain. U. S. Ph., 1850. 

It is sometimes used in paralytic, scor- 
butic, and dropsical affections, attended 
with debility. The dose is two fl. ounces, 
three or four times a day. 



Compound Syrup of Horseradish. 

R. Scraped horseradish, 

Bitter orange-peel, cut and 

bruised, each, twenty ounces. 
Bruised nutmeg, half an ounce. 
Proof spirit, one gallon (imp.). 
Water, two pints. 

Mix, and distil a gallon by a gentle heat. 

Brit. Ph. 
Employed as a diuretic, in dropsy with 
debility. Dose, one to four fl. drachms. 



Compound Tincture of Horseradish. 
R. Bruised horseradish, twenty parts. 
Black mustard, ten parts. 

Chloride of ammonium, five parts. 
Alcohol, GO per ct. 
Compound spirit of scurvy 

grass, each, forty parts. 

Macerate for ten days, express, and filler. 
Paris Codex. 



ARNICA, 



149 



Compound Wine of Horseradish. 

one ounce. 



each, 
half an 
ounce. 



R. Fresh horseradish, 

" water cress, 

" scurvy grass, 

" bogbean leaves 

White mustard, 

Chloride of ammonium, two 

drachms. 

White wine, thirty-three ounces. 

Spirit of scurvy grass, half an 

ounce. 

Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 
Paris Codex. 
More frequently used in France than the 
former. Dose, an ounce or more, in scrofu- 
lous and scorbutic affections. 



Mixture of Horseradish. 
R. Infusion of horseradish, four 

fl. ounces. 
Syrup of cinchona, one fl. ounce. 
Extract of fumitory, one drachm. 

Mix. Foy. 

In spoonful doses, as an antiscorbutic. 



Compound Horseradish Cataplasm. 

R. Bruised horseradish, six drachms. 

" mustard seed, one ounce. 

Flaxseed meal, two ounces and 

a half. 

Yinegar, sufficient. 

Mix, and make cataplasm, to be applied to 

the feet as revulsive in diseases of the head. 

Ainslie. 



Compound Infusion of Horseradish. 
R. Horseradish, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse for an hour in a close vessel ; on 
cooling-, add 

Simple syrup, one ounce and a half. 
A wineglassful several times a day, in 
dropsy, especially when arising from a 
granular affection of the kidneys. 



ARNICA. 

Wolfsbane. 

Several species of this genus are medicinal, 
but one only is officinal, A. montana, a native 
of Europe ; but it is likely that the A. nudi- 
caulis of this country is possessed of the same 
powers. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Aste- 
raceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1245. Griffith, Med. Bot. 407. 



Arnica is a stimulant, acting with much 
energy on the cerebro-spinal system, and is 
also an active irritant of the stomach and 
bowels. In Germany, where it is much em- 
ployed, it is given to fulfil a variety of indi- 
cations. 



Compound Powder of Arnica. 
R. Powdered arnica root, } , 

" " Berpentaria, t drachms . 
" sugar, each, ) 
Oil of peppermint, ten drops. 

Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. 

Augustin. 
Dose, a powder, every two hours, in the 
diarrhoea complicating typhoid fevers. 



Extract of Arnica. 
R. Flowers of arnica, one part. 

Alcohol of 60 

per cent., six parts. 

Exhaust by percolation, distil off the alco- 
hol, and evaporate the residue to a proper 
consistence. Paris Codex. 

The process of U. S. Ph. is nearly identi- 
cal with this. 

Dose, ten grains to a scruple, in chronic 
rheumatism and paralysis. 



Infusion of Arnica. 
R. Flowers of arnica, one ounce. 



Boilinp* water, 



one pint. 



Infuse for half an hour, and strain. 

Used in the same cases as the last. Dose, 
half an ounce to an ounce. Cottereau. 



Compound Infusion of Arnica. 

R. Flowers of arnica, one drachm. 

" chamomile, half an 

ounce. 

Peppermint, two drachms. 

Boiling water, nine fl. ounces. 

Mix, macerate, and strain. Copenh. Ph. 

Dose, one ounce. 



Fomentation of Arnica. 

R. Flowers of arnica, half an ounce. 
Boiling vinegar, sufficient 

to obtain six ounces ; add 

Carbonate of ammonium, two 

drachms. 

Radius. 

Used as a warm fomentation in oedema 

of the scrotum. 



150 



ARSENICUM 



ARSENICI IODIDUM. 



Arnica Plaster. 
R. Extract of arnica, three troy - 

onnces. 

Resin plaster, six troyounces. 

Melt the plaster, add the extract, and mix. 

U. S. Ph. 



Decoction of Arnica. 

R. Flowers of arnica, one ounce. 

Water, three pints. 

Boil till reduced to two pints, strain, and 
add 

Syrup of ginger, two ounces. 

Swediaur. 
Dose, one to two ounces, every two hours, 
in aphonia, paralysis, rheumatism, etc. 



Fomentation of Arnica and Rue. 

R. Flowers of arnica, two ounces. 
Rue, one ounce. 

Boiling water, sufficient 

to obtain twelve ounces when strained, 
after one hour of maceration. Radius. 

Used as a fomentation in contusions. 



Tincture of Arnica. 

R. Arnica flowers, 

bruised, six troyounces. 

Alcohol, a pint and a half. 

Water, half a pint. 

Displace with the mixed liquids, finally 

using diluted alcohol until two pints are 

obtained. U. S. Ph. 

This is very nearly the strength directed 

by Paris Codex ; the tincture of Ph. 

Germ, is one-half this strength. 

Dose, thirty drops, several times a day. 

R. Arnica root, one ounce. 

Rectified spirit, sufficient. 

Obtain by maceration and displacement 
twenty fl. ounces. Dose, one to two fl. 
drachms. Brit. Ph. 

These tinctures are much employed ex- 
ternally in contusions, rheumatic pains, etc. 



ARSENICUM 

Arsenic. 



Metallic arsenic is not, employed in medi- 
cine ; bu1 several of its combinations are of 
much importance. 



ARSENICI CHLORIDUM. 

Solution of Chloride of Arsenic-. 

R. Arsenious acid in 

powder, eighty grains. 

Muriatic acid, two fl. drachms. 
Water, sufficient. 

Boil the arsenic in the muriatic acid, diluted 
with four ounces of water, until dissolved ; 
then add sufficient water to make twenty fl. 
ounces. U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. 

This is much used in Great Britain in 
lepra and cholera, in doses of two to eight 
minims, thrice daily. 

Each fl. ounce represents four grains of 
arsenious acid. 



ARSENICI IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Arsenic 

R. Finely-powdered metallic 

arsenic, one drachm. 

Iodine, five drachms. 

Triturate together, and introduce into a 
small flask or test-tube loosely stopped ; 
place this on a sand-bath, and apply gentle 
heat till liquefaction is produced. The ves- 
sel should be nearly full, to prevent the 
formation of much iodine vapor, and to en- 
able the operator to bring the fixed mass in 
contact with every part of it, so as to in- 
clude any iodine that mnj have been sub- 
limed. If no iodine odor is perceptible, and 
the contents assume a reddish-yellow color, 
and crystallize on the sides of the vessel, 
the operation is complete. W. Procter. 

This corresponds with the officinal form- 
ula. 

Dose, one-tenth of a grain, gradually in- 
creased to a quarter, three times a day. 
Given in cancer, and obstinate cutaneous 
affections. 



R 



Iodide of Arsenic Pills. 

Iodide of arsenic, one grain. 

Extract of conium, twenty grains. 
Mix, and make ton pills. Thomson. 

Used in lepra, and obstinate eruptions. 



Iodide of Arsenic Ointment. 

R. Iodide of arsenic, three grains. 
Lard, one ounce. 

Triturate well. Biett. 

Employed in cases of lepra, and other 
cutaneous affections ; but requires much 
caution. 



ARTEMISIA, 



151 



LIQUOR ARSENICI ET HY- 
DRARGYRI IODIDI. 

Solution of Iodide of Arsenic and 
Mercury. 



Donovan's Solution. 
R. Iodide of arsenic, 

Red iodide of mercury, 

each, thirty-five grains. 

Distilled water. half a pint. 

Rub the iodides with half a fl. ounce of 
water, and. when they are dissolved, add 
rest of water, and filter. U. S. Ph. 

Each fl. drachm contains one-eighth of a 
grain of arsenic, and one-fourth of a grain 
of deutoxide of mercury. This preparation 
is said to be useful in obstinate cutaneous 
diseases, as lepra, lupus, etc. The dose is 
from five minims to half a fl. drachm two 
or three times a day. 



Draught of Solution of Iodide of 
Mercury and Arsenic. 

R. Solution iodide of mercury 

and arsenic, two fl. drachms. 

Distilled water, three fl. ounces 

and a half. 

Syrup of ginger, half fl. ounce. 

Mix, and divide into four draughts. One 

to be taken night and morning. Not to be 

given in a metallic spoon. Donovan. 



ARSEXICI TERSULPHU- 
RETUM. 

Orpiment. 



Depilatory of Orpiment. 
R. Orpiment, one ounce. 

Quicklime, one pound. 

Starch, ten ounces. 

Water, sufficient 

to form a soft paste. Foy. 

_ This is spread on the part where it is de- 
sired to remove the hair, and washed off 
when it begins to dry. It is the rusma of 
the Turks. 



Delcroix's Depilatory. 
(Poudre Subtile.) 
R. Orpiment, four parts. 

Quicklime thirty parts. 

Powdered gum, sixty parts. 

Used like the preceding to remove super- 
fluous hair. 



Powder of Orpiment. 

R. Orpiment, one ounce. 

Quicklime, twelve ounces. 

Jasmine powder, ten ounces. 

Powder of palm soap, four ounces. 
Mix well. Morfit. 

This, when applied as a depilatory, is 
mixed with a little water. 

Both these, although efficient for the 
purposes designed, are dangerous, and 
should never be used, except with extreme 
caution. 



Lotion of Orpiment. 



R. Orpiment, 
Verdigris, 
Aloes, 
Myrrh, 
Rose water, 
White wine, 

Mix. 



two drachms. 



each, half a drachm. 

three fl. ounces, 
six fl. ounces. 
Van Mons. 
Used as an application to fungous ulcers. 



ARTEMISIA. 

A genus of bitter herbs, several of which 
are used as medicinal agents to fulfil various 
indications ; some as tonics (A. absinthium), 
some as moxas (A. moxa), and some as an- 
thelmintics. (-6'ee also Absinthium and 
Santonica.) 

6'ex. Syst. Syn. pol. super. Nat. Syst. Aste- 
racese. 



1. A. ABROTANUM. 

Southernwood. 

A native of the south of Europe and the 
Levant, and generally cultivated in gardens. 
Its odor is aromatic and peculiar, and its 
taste bitter. It is used as a tonic, antispas- 
modic, and vermifuge. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1185. Grifiith, Med. Bot. 
406. 



Infusion of Southernwood. 

R-. Southernwood, six drachms. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Digest for two hours, and strain. Given 
in hysteria and in dysmenorrhcea. Dose, 
one fl. ounce. Taddei. 



Clyster of Southernwood. 

R. Southernwood, half an ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. 

Digest for half an hour, and, to six or eight 
fl. ounces of strained infusion, add 



152 



ARUM. — ASCLEPIAS, 



one ounce. 



Olive oil, 

Said to be effectual in cases of worms, 
and especially ascarides. Radius. 



2. A. VULGARIS. 

MUGWORT. 

It is a native of Europe and naturalized 
in a few localities in this country. The herb 
has a peculiar odor and a bitterish taste. 
The root is considered the most active part, 
when collected late in autumn, and is given 
in epilepsy and similar diseases, in doses 
of twenty to sixty grains, in the form of 
powder, infusion, or alcoholic extract. 



ARUM. 
Indian Turnip. 

Several species of Arum are used in medi- 
cine, but the only one officinal in the U. S. 
Ph. is A. triphyllvm; a native plant, with 
large perennial cormus ; this is white, 
fleshy, and extremely acrid in a fresh state, 
but becomes edible and bland when dried, 
and kept for any time ; and the fecula ob- 
tained from it resembles arrowroot in ap- 
pearance. 

Sext. Syst. Mon. polyand. Nat. Syst. Ara- 
cese. 

Blgelow, Am. Med. Bot. 1, 52. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 616. 

The powder of the recently-dried root may 
be given in doses of ten grains, in an emul- 
sion of gum Arabic, sugar, and water, 
several times a day. It has been found 
useful in chronic catarrh, chronic bron- 
chitis, rheumatism, etc. 



ASARUM. 

Two species of this genus are recognized, 
one by the U. S. Ph., the other by the Paris 
Codex and Ph. Germ. 

Sext. Syst. Dodecand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Aristolochiaceai. 



1. ASARUM EUROPiEUM. 

ASARABACCA. 

A native of Europe, of which the leaves 
and rhizome are used. The first have a 
feeble aromatic odor when rubbed, and a 
somewhat Bpicy taste ; the latter has a 
strong, penetrating odor, and an acrid, bit- 
ter, and nauseous taste ; this is sometimes 
used abroad as a stimulant, emetic, and an- 
thelmintic ; the leaves, as the basis of 
various e.rrliinc powders. 

Linn. Bp. PL 6:33. Griffith, Med. Bot. 527. 



Compound Powder of Asarabacca. 
R. Dried leaves of 



asarabacca, 
Lavender flowers, 



one ounce, 
one drachm. 
Rub together to a fine powder. 

Dublin Ph. 1826. 

R. Powdered asarabacca, ^ each, 

" wood betony, v equal 

" marjoram, ) parts. 

Paris Codex. 

Has been found useful as an errhine, in 

some cases of headache, toothache, etc. 

Five or six grains to be snuffed up the 

nostrils at night. 



2. ASARUM CANADENSE. 
Wild Ginger. 

Bigelow, Med. Bot. 1, 150. Barton, Yeg. 
Mat. Med. p. 85. 

This species is common to most parts of the 
United States. The leaves are said by Drs. 
Barton and Bigelow not to be emetic, bnt 
other authorities state that a teaspoonful of 
this powder never fails to act on the stomach. 
Like those of the asarabacca, they are emi- 
nently errhine. The rhizome is an aromatic 
stimulant, with active diaphoretic proper- 
ties, and may be used as a substitute for 
serpentaria. 



B 



Infusion of Wild Ginger. 

Root of wild ginger, half an ounce 
Boiling water, one pint. 

Digest for an hour in a covered vessel, and 
strain. In all cases where Virginia snake- 
root is indicated. Dose, one to two fl. 
ounces. 



ASCLEPIAS 



Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Ascle- 
piadacese. 

Many species of this large genus are em- 
ployed in medicine, and it is probable that 
the whole of them are endowed with active 
properties. 



1. A. TUBEROSA. 

Pleurisy Root. 

A native of most parts of the United 
States. The root is large and irregularly 
tuberous ; the taste of it is bitter, nauseous, 
and somewhat acrid. It is an active dia- 
phoretic, and, in large doses, purgative. It 
has attained much popular reputation in 
the treatment of diseases of the respiratory 
organs, and more especially of pleurisy. 
The dose of the powder is from a scruple to 
a drachm, several times a day. An infu- 
sion or decoction is preferable to the powder. 



ASPARAGUS. — ASSAFtETIDA. 



153 



Infusion of Pleurisy Root. 
R. Bruised pleurisy root, one ounce. 
Boiling water, two pints. 

Digest for two hours. Dose, three or four 
fl. ounces, warm, to be given every two or 
three hours, until it operates. Chapman. 



2. A. INCARNATA. 

Swamp Silk Weed. 

A native of many parts of the United 
States, usually growing in wet places. The 
root is the officinal portion. It is emetic 
and cathartic in full doses of half a drachm 
to a drachm, and expectorant and alterative 
in small ones. 



8. A. S Y R I A C A. 

Silk Weed. 

This plant, the A. cornuti of modern bot- 
anists, is very common in the TJ. S. The 
root appears to have much the same pro- 
perties as the last, and also some anodyne 
powers. 



ASPARAGUS. 

Asparagus. 

Several species of Asparagus have been 
used in medicine, but the only one that is 
now employed is the A. officinalis. This is 
a native of Europe, and is generally culti- 
vated there and in this country. 

Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. JSfat. Syst. 
Liliacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 448. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med., 
ii. 252. Griffith, Med. Bot. 654. 

The parts used are the roots and young 
shoots (turiones). These are diuretic, ape- 
rient, and deobstruent, and have been 
thought to exercise a sedative influence 
on the heart. Dr. Wood states ( U. S. Bis.) 
that the berries are more efficient than the 
shoots. 



R 



Extract of Asparagus Shoots. 

Clarified j uice of 
asparagus, sufficient. 

Evaporate by a mild heat to a proper con- 
sistence. Soubeiran. 



Extract of Asparagus Roots. 
B. Roots of asparagus, sufficient. 

Bruise them, add sufficient water to cover 
them, express, strain, and evaporate by a 
mild heat. Paris Codex. 

These extracts are given in doses of a 
scruple to a drachm, as diuretics. 



Syrup of Asparagus Shoots. 
R. Juice of asparagus 

shoots, one pint. 

White sugar, two pounds. 

Dissolve by means of a water-bath, and 
strain. Cottereau. 

Advised in pulmonary catarrh, and too 
great action of the heart, in doses of one 
to four ounces during the day. 



Decoction of Asparagus Roots. 

R. Asparagus roots, one ounce. 

Water, two pints. 

Boil and strain. Radius. 

To be taken by cupfuls in dropsies. 



Diuretic Mixture. 

R. Asparagus roots, one ounce. 

W^ater, one pint. 

Boil for an hour, strain, and add 

Acetate of potassium, twenty 

grains. 
Honey of squills, half an ounce. 

Foy. 
Used as the last, and in the same diseases. 



ASSAFCETIDA. 

ASSAFETIDA.. 

A gum resin or inspissated juice from an 
umbelliferous plant, a native of Persia, 
usually thought to be Ferula assafa>tida, but 
now shown by Dr. Falconer to be a l\arthex, 
which, though similar to Ferula, is distinct 
from it. (Royle, Mat. Med. 407.) 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. 
Apiacese. 

Royle, Mat. Med. 407. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 326. 

Assafetida, as found in the shops, is in 
masses of a whitish, reddish, or violet hue, 
composed of adhering tears. Odor, fetid 
and alliaceous ; taste, bitter and somewhat 
acrid ; it forms an emulsion with water. 

Is stimulant and antispasmodic, and also 
emmenagogue and anthelmintic. It is used 
in spasmodic and convulsive diseases, as 
hysteria, chorea, hooping-cough, flatulent 
colic, etc. 

Dose, ten grains. 



R 



Purified Assafetida. 

Assafetida in small 

pieces, three parts. 

Water, two parts. 

Digest in a tared capsule until the gum- 
resin is completely divided,' add sufficient 
stronger alcohol to form with the water of 
the emulsion a menstruum of sixty per 
cent, alcoholic strength ; boil for a minute, 



154 



ASSAFCETIDA 



strain with expression through moderately 
coarse muslin, and evaporate by means of 
a water-bath to the proper consistence. 

Paris Codex. 
Mr. J. B. Moore has proposed to purify 
assafetida by triturating it into a paste, 
adding gradually sufficient alcohol, strain- 
ing from the coarse particles, and evapo- 
rating spontaneously. 



Assafetida Fills. 
R. Assafetida, seventy-two grains. 
Soap, tw r enty-four grains. 

Beat with water into a mass, and divide 
into twenty-four pills ; each of which con- 
tains three grains of the gum-resin. 

U. S. Ph. 

R. Assafetida, one drachm and a half. 
Powdered orris root, 
Mucilage of gum Arabic, 

each, sufficient. 

Beat together, and divide into thirty pills. 
One to be given occasionally in the hooping- 
cough of children. Kapp. 

R. Assafetida, a drachm and a half. 

Powdered ginger, half a drachm. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and make thirty pills. Three to be 
taken every three hours. Have been ad- 
vised in palsy. A. T. Tomson. 



Pills of Assafetida and Lactucarium. 

R. Assafetida, three drachms. 

Lactucarium, two scruples and 

a half. 

Mix, and divide into eighty pills. Two or 
three every hour in hooping-cough of 
adults. Radius. 



Pills of Assafetida and Iron. 



B. Assafetida ) each, half 

Sulphate of iron, I J 

Extract of chamomile, ) 

Mix well, and divide into one hundred and 
eighty pills. Two or more, three or four 
times a day, in hypochondria and hysteria. 

Syfret. 

R. Black oxide of iron, hnlf a drachm 

Assafetida, a drachm and a half. 

Oil of tansy, ten drops. 

Extract pf wormwood, sufficient. 

Mix, and divide into ninety pills. Six to 

be taken three times a day. Said to be 

useful against luiiibrici and ascarides. 

Phoebus, 



Pills of Assafetida and Musk. 
R. Assafetida, two drachms. 

Musk, 

Camphor, each, one drachm. 

Ambergris, half a drachm. 

Beat well together, and divide into one 
hundred pills. Two to be taken three 
times a day. Said to have proved useful 
in angina pectoris, hysteria, etc. 

St. Marie. 



Pills of Assafetida and Opium. 

R. Assafetida, half an ounce. 

Powdered opium, 

" ipecacuanha, 
each, four grains. 

Oil of peppermint, eight drops. 



Alcohol, 



sufficient. 



Beat well together, and divide into one 
hundred and twenty pills. Ten to be 
taken three times a day in chronic ischuria, 
consecutive on gonorrhoea Radius. 



Assafetida Mixture. 

R. Assafetida, two drachms. 

Water, half a pint. 

Kub together, adding the water by degrees, 

till well mixed. U. S. Ph. 

R. Assafetida, one drachm. 

Sugar, six drachms. 

Rose water, five fl. ounces. 

Make an emulsion, and add 

Hoffmann's anodyne, thirty drops. 
Taken in spoonful doses, in spasmodic 
asthma and hysteria. Bories. 



Enema of Assafetida. 

R. Assafetida, thirty grains. 



Distilled water. 



four fl. ounces. 



Make an emulsion and strain. Brit. Ph. 
Used in flatulent colic and against as- 
carides. 



Assafetida Mixture. 
R. Assafetida, half a drachm. 

Solution of acetate of 

ammonium, half a fl. ounce. 
Pennyroyal water, three fl. ounces. 
Mix. One to two spoonfuls in hooping- 
cough. Miller. 

R. Assafetida mixture, five and a 
half fl. ounces. 
Compound apt. of 

lavender, half fl. ounce. 



ASSAFCETIDA, 



155 



Aromatic spt. of 

ammonia, two fl. drachms. 

Mix. Three spoonfuls a day in hysteria. 

Ainslie. 

R. Assafetida mixture, two fl. ounces. 

Opium, two grains. 

Infusion of chamomile, four fl. 

ounces. 
Mix. As an injection in convulsive attacks. 

R. Assafetida, half a drachm. 

Yolk of egg, one. 

Rub together, and gradually add 



Water, 



eight fl. ounces. 



Strain. To form two injections. Said to 
be useful in the hooping-cough of children. 

Soubeiran. 



Compound Assafetida Mixture. 

R. Assafetida, one drachm. 

Peppermint water, three fl. ounces. 
Make a solution, and add 

Ammoniated tincture 



of valerian, 
Tincture of castor. 



two fl. drachms, 
three fl. 
drachms. 
Sulphuric ether, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. Useful in hysteria, in doses of a table- 
spoonful, largely diluted, every second hour. 

Ellis. 



Mixture of Assafetida and Oxymel of 
Squill. 

R. Assafetida, one scruple. 

Powdered digitalis, six grains. 
Oxymel of squill, two fl. ounces. 
Linden-flower water, four fl. 

ounces. 
Rub well together. Said to be found use- 
ful in the dry cough consequent on deranged 
menstruation. Pierquin. 

Dose, a tablespoonful. 



Mixture of Assafetida and Tolu. 

R. Assafetida, one drachm. 

Water, four fl. ounces. 

Make an emulsion, and add 

Tincture of tolu, half a fl. ounce. 

" opium, forty to fifty drops. 

Mix well. A teaspoon ful every two hours, 

in hooping-cough, and a dessertspoonful or 

more to an adult. Ellis. 



Syrup of Assafetida. 

R. Assafetida, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Sugar, two pounds. 

Rub the assafetida with a part of the boil- 
ing water till a uniform paste is made. 
Then gradually add the rest of the water, 
strain, and add the sugar, applying a gentle 
heat to dissolve it. 

Dose, a tablespoonful, which contains 
seven grains and a half. Richard Peltz. 



Tincture of Assafetida. 

R. Assafetida, four troyounces. 

Alcohol, two pints. 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

U. S. Ph. 
The tincture of Brit. Ph. is nearly iden- 
tical ; Paris Codex and Ph. Germ, direct 
one part of assafetida to five parts of al- 
cohol. Dose, a teaspoonful. 



Compound Water of Assafetida. 
(Fetid Anti-hysteric Water.) 

R. Assafetida, twelve parts. 

Galbanum, eight parts. 

Myrrh, six parts. 

Valerian, sixteen parts. 

Zecloary, sixteen parts. 

Angelica, four parts. 

Peppermint, twelve parts. 

Wild thyme, eight parts. 

Roman chamomile, eight parts. 
Castor, one part. 

Cut and bruise and macerate for twenty- 
four hours, with 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.892, 

one hundred and fifty parts. 
Then add 

Water, three hundred parts. 

Distil three hundred parts. Ph. Germ. 
Dose, a tablespoonful in hysteria. 



Ethereal Tincture of Assafetida. 
R. Assafetida, one part. 

Spirit of ether, five parts. 

Macerate for ten days and filter, keeping 
the funnel covered. Paris Codex. 

Has all the properties of the gum resin, 
but is more stimulating. Dose, a fl. drachm. 



Alkaline Tincture of Assafetida. 

R. Assafetida, 

Carbonate of potas- 
sium, each, two ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, one pint. 

Macerate for three days, by a mild heat, 



156 



ATROPIA. 



and filter. Anti-hysteric, etc. Useful in 
nervous disorders. Dose, about twenty- 
drops. Wirtemberg Disp. 



Ammoniated Spirit of Assafetida. 

R. Ammoniated 

alcohol, sixteen ounces. 

Assafetida, one ounce. 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, in a closed 
vessel, and then distil sixteen ounces. 

Van Mons. 
Stimulant and anti-hysteric. Dose, five 
to sixty drops. 



Tincture of Assafetida and Castor. 
R. Tincture of assafetida, 

" castor, each, one fl. ounce. 
Aromatic spirit of 

ammonia, one fl. drachm. 

Mix. In hysteria, etc. Dose, about a tea- 
spoonful. Ellis. 



Tincture of Assafetida and Soot. 

R. Assafetida, one drachm. 

Wood soot, two drachms. 

Alcohol, three fl. ounces. 

Digest for six days, and filter. Guibourt. 
Highly praised in hysteria, flatulence, 
and convulsions caused by dentition. Dose, 
ten to thirty drops in an appropriate 
vehicle. 



Assafetida Plaster. 
R. Assafetid" 

Lead plaster, each, twelve troy- 
ounces. 
Galbanum, 

Yellow wax, each, six troyounces. 
Alcohol, three pints. 

Dissolve the assafetida and galbanum in 
the alcohol, by means of a water-bath ; 
strain while hot, and evaporate to consist- 
ence of honey, add lead plaster and wax 
melted together; stir well, and evaporate 
to due consistence. U. S. Ph. 

R. Yellow wax, 

Burgundy pitch, each, two parts. 
Melt, strain, and when nearly cool, add 

Powdered assafetida, three parts. 
" ammoniac, one part, 

previously dissolved in 

Common turpentine, two parts. 

Mix well. I'h. Germ. 

A good application to the stomach in 
hysteria witn flatulence, and to the chest 
in hooping-cough. 



Dewees's Carminative. 

R. Carbonate of mag- 
nesium, half a drachm. 
Tincture of assafetida, sixty drops. 
" opium, twenty drops. 
Sugar, one drachm. 
Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix well. Dewees. 
Yery useful in the flatulent colic, diar- 
rhoea, etc., of infants. Dose, twenty-five 
drops to a child of two to four weeks old, 
increasing the dose for those of a more ad- 
vanced age. 



Suppositories of Assafetida. 
R. Tincture of assafetida, one fl. 

ounce. 
Oil of theobroma, 320 grains. 

Evaporate the tincture in a moderately 
warm place spontaneously until reduced to 
a syrupy consistence, mix this with a 
drachm of the oil, and afterwards with the 
remaining oil, previously melted and cooled 
again to 95°. Make twelve suppositories. 

U. S. Ph. 



ATROPIA. 

Atropia. 

R. Powdered belladonna root, 

forty-eight troyounces. 

Chloroform, four troyounces 

and a half. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Exhaust the powder by percolation with 
alcohol, distil to four pints, acidulate with 
sulphuric acid, evaporate to half a pint, 
add an equal bulk of water, and filter. 
Agitate with one-third of the chloroform 
and a slight excess of solution of potassa ; 
separate the heavier solution and treat the 
watery liquid in same manner with the re- 
mainder of the chloroform in two portions, 
lastly evaporate the mixed chloroformic 
sohitions spontaneously. U. S. Ph. 

The process of Brit. Ph. is similar, but 
the atropia is purified yet by animal char- 
coal. 



Sulphate of Atropia. 

R. Atropia, sixty grains. 

Strong ether, four and a half 

fl. ounces. 

Sulphuric acid, six grains. 

Stronger alcohol, one fl. drachm. 
Dissolve atropia in ether; mix acid and 
alcohol, and drop into first solution until 
neutralized. When the sulphate has been 
deposited, decant and dry. U. S. Ph. 



AUEANTIUM. — ATIEANTII CORTEX, 



157 



R. Atropia, two drachms. 

Distilled water, four fl. drachms. 

Diluted sulphuric acid, sufficient. 
Mix atropia and water, neutralize with the 
acid, and evaporate to dryness by a heat 
not exceeding 100°. Brit. Ph. 



Solution of Atropia. 

R. Atropia, four grains. 

Alcohol, one fl. drachm. 

Distilled water, seven fl. drachms. 

Dissolve the atropia in the alcohol and add 

this gradually to the water. Brit. Ph. 

Employed like the next. 



Solution of Sulphate of Atropia. 
R. Sulphate of atropia, four grains. 
Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. Brit. Ph. 

For hypodermic injection, and as an ap- 
plication to the eyes for dilating the pupil. 
One or two drops will generally dilate the 
pupil, if dropped between the lids. Two 
minims contain ^, three minims, -fa grain 
of sulphate of atropia. 



Syrup of Atropia. 
R. Atropia, one part. 

Syrup, ten thousand parts. 

Dissolve the atropia in one hundred parts 
of water acidulated with one part of muri- 
atic acid, then mix with the syrup. 

Bouchardat. 



Tincture of Atropia. 

R. Atropia, fifteen grains. 

Alcohol (85 per cent.), ten 

fl. drachms. 
Mix. Dose, one to three drops. 

Bouchardat. 



Ointment of Atropia. 
R. Atropia, eight grains. 

Rectified spirit, half a fl. drachm. 

Prepared lard, one ounce. 

Dissolve the atropia in the spirit, and mix 
thoroughly with the lard. Brit. Ph. 



AURANTIUM. 
Orange. 

Citrus vulgaris, the bitter, and C. auran- 
tium, the sweet orange, are natives of Asia, 
but now cultivated in all warm Himates ; 
the two species are considered merely as 
varieties by some botanists. 



Sex. Syst. Polydelph. icosand. Nat. Syst. 
Aurantiacese. 

Liud. Fl. Med. 163. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
165. 

Almost every part is employed in medi- 
cine, but only the rind of the fruit and the 
flowers are officinal in the U. S. Ph. 



AURAiYTII CORTEX. 
Orange-Peel. 



Powder of Orange-Peel and Rhubarb. 
R. Powdered orange-peel, 

u rhubarb, 

Bitartrate of potassium, 



each, 



one ounce. 



Mix well. Dose, one or two teaspoonfuls 
a day. In dyspepsia, with a costive con- 
dition of the bowels. Radius. 



R 



Confection of Orange-Peel. 

Fresh sweet orange-peel, 

grated, one pound. 

White sugar, three pounds. 

Beat together, till thoroughly mixed. 

U. S. Ph. 
As a vehicle or adjunct to powders. 



R 



Electuary of Orange-Peel. 

Orange-peel, half an ounce. 

Willow bark, two drachms. 

Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. 
Make an electuary. To be taken in divided 
doses, during the apyrexia of intermittent 
fever. Phoebus. 



Orange Wine. 

This is a wine made in Britain by the 
fermentation of a saccharine solution, to 
which the fresh peel of the bitter orange 
has been added. Brit. Ph. 



Tincture of Orange-Peel. 

R. Bitter orange-peel, in 

powder, No. 50, four troyounces. 
Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement two pints. 

The tincture of Brit. Ph. is nearly one* 
fourth weaker; Paris Codex and Ph. 
Germ, direct one part of the peel to five 
parts of 60 per cent, alcohol. 

Used principally as an addition to in- 
fusions, decoctions, etc. 



158 



AURANTII FOLIA, 



Spirit of Orange-Peel. 

R. Fresh orange-peel, five parts. 

Alcohol (80 per cent), 

thirty parts. 
Macerate for two days, add some water, 
and distil thirty parts. Paris Codex. 

Used for the same purposes as the last. 



Elixir of Orange-Peel. 
R. Orange-peel, one ounce. 

Cascarilla, half an ounce. 

Water of citron-peel, 
" wormwood, 

Alcohol, each, half a pint. 

Digest for four days, and filter. Moscati. 
Dose, from four to six fl. drachms, as a 
carminative and stomachic. 



Infusion of Orange-Peel. 
R. Bitter orange-peel, 

cut, half an ounce. 

Boiling distilled water, 

ten ounces. 
Macerate for fifteen minutes, and strain. 

Brit. Ph. 



Compound Infusion of Orange-Peel. 
R. Bitter orange-peel, 

cut, half an ounce. 

Fresh lemon-peel 

cut, two drachms. 

Bruised cloves, one drachm. 

Boiling distilled 

water, twenty ounces. 

Macerate for a quarter of an hour, and 

strain. Brit. Ph. 

This preparation is used as a stomachic, 

in the dose of one or two fl. ounces. 



Compound Tincture of Orange Berries. 
(Bitter Tincture.) 

R. Orange berries,! 

Centaury, I each, two parts. 

Gentian, ) 

Zedoary, one part. 

Alcohol (0.892), thirty-five parts. 
Digest for eight days, express, and filter. 
Dose, one to lour fl. drachms. Ph. Germ. 



Extract of Orange-Peel. 
R. Bitter orange-peel, one part. 

Exhaust by digesting for three days, first 
with four parts, afterwards with two parts 
of diluted alcohol; mix the expressed 



liquids, filter, and evaporate to the proper 
consistence. Ph. Germ. 

Dose, ten to twenty grains. 



Syrup of Orange-Peel. 

R. Sweet orange-peel, recently 
dried, and in fine powder, 

two troyounces. 
Obtain by slow percolation with alcohol 
six fl. ounces of tincture, evaporate it at a 
temperature not over 120°, to two fl. ounces, 
add 

Carbonate of mag- 
nesium, half a troyounce. 

Sugar, one troyounce. 

Rub them together, add gradually half a 
pint of water, filter, and having added 
enough water to make the filtrate measure 
a pint, dissolve in it, with the aid of a gentle 
heat, 

Sugar, twenty-seven troyounces. 
Strain. U. S. Ph. 

R. Bitter orange-peel, 

cut; two parts. 

Good white wine, fourteen parts. 
Macerate for two days, express, filter, and 
to eleven parts of the filtrate add 

White sugar, eighteen parts. 

Dissolve. Ph. Germ. 

The syrup of Brit. Ph. is a mixture of 
one fl. ounce of the tincture with seven fl. 
ounces of simple syrup. Paris Codex di- 
rects as menstruum, water mixed with one- 
tenth of 60 per cent, alcohol. 



Simple Elixir. 
R. Fresh orange-peel, two drachms. 
Star anise, half a drachm. 

Cardamom, one scruple. 

Simple syrup, six fl. ounces. 

Caramel, ten grains. 

Reduce orange-peel to a pulp, add aro- 
matics in fine powder, displace with diluted 
alcohol to obtain six fl. ounces, add remain- 
ing ingredients, and then enough water to 
make one pint. An agreeable vehicle. 

0. Eberbach. 



AURANTII FOLIA 
Orange Leaves. 



Electuary of Orange Leaves. 
R. Orange leaves, 

Valerian, each, half a drachm. 
Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. 



AtTKANTII FLORES. AITRUM. 



159 



Make an electuary. Radius. 

A teaspoonful occasionally as an anti- 
spasmodic. 



Jelly of Orange Leaves. 

R. Orange leaves, an ounce and a half. 



Boiling water, 
Digest for twenty-four 
add 



two pints, 
hours, strain, and 



Powdered salep, two drachms. 
Boil to a jelly, and add 
Wine, 
Syrup of orange flowers, 



each. 



one fl. ounce. 



In teaspoonful doses, in marasmus. 



Radius. 



AURANTII FLORES 
Orange Flowers. 



Confection of Orange Flowers. 
R. Orange flowers, one part. 

Syrup, three parts. 

Evaporate to proper consistence. Taddei. 



Pastilles of Orange Flowers. 
R. Sugar, 

Orange-flower water, 
each, 

Dissolve and evaporate to consistence of 
honey ; add a mixture of 

Sugar, four ounces. 

Oil of orange flowers, 

half a drachm. 
Make pastilles. Cotter eau. 



two ounces. 



Orange-Flower Water. 

R. Fresh orange flowers, ten parts. 

Water, sufficient. 

By means of steam, distil off twenty parts, 

and separate the oil. Paris Codex. 

R. Fresh orange 

flowers, forty-eight troyounces. 

Water, sixteen pints. 

Mix, and by means of steam, distil eight 

pints. U. S. Ph. 

The oil which floats upon the distillate is 

the oil of neroli or oil of orange flowers. 



R 



Syrup of Orange Flowers. 

Orange-flower 

water, twenty fl. ounces. 

Sugar, thirty-six troyounces. 



Dissolve in a close vessel, with the aid of a 
gentle heat. U. S. Ph. 



AURANTII FRUCTUS. 

Orange Berries. 
Both the unripe and ripe fruit are used. 



Syrup of Oranges. 
R. Clarified orange juice, four parts. 
Sugar, seven parts. 

Dissolve. Paris Codex. 



Compound Orange Elixir. 

R. Orange berries, bruised, six parts. 

Cinnamon, bruised, two parts. 

Carbonate of potassium, one part. 

Sherry wine, fifty parts. 

Macerate for eight days, express, filter, and 

add 

Extract of gentian, 
" wormwood, 

" bogbean, 

" cascarilla, 

Dissolve, let settle, and filter. 

This is the Elixir viscerate Hoffmanni, 
much used in Europe in dyspepsia in doses 
of twenty to sixty minims. 



each, 
one 
part. 

Ph. Germ. 



ATJRUM. 

Gold. 

Gold is used as a remedial agent in its 
pure state, bat only in an infinitely divided 
form, in which it is stated that it acts on 
the system, and to be equally efficacious as 
its salts, but its action is much milder. It 
has been prescribed in various forms of 
syphilitic diseases, in doses of a quarter of 
a grain to a grain, three or four times a day. 



one part. 



Powder of Gold. 

R. Gold leaf, 
Sulphate of 

potassium, eight to ten parts. 

Triturate thoroughly, wash out the sulphate 
of potassium, and sift through fine gauze. 
Paris Codex. 
To be applied in friction on the gums 
and tongue. 

R. Dilute solution of nitro- 

muriate of gold, at will. 

Solution sulphate of 

iron, sufficient 

to precipitate ; collect this, and dry. 

Tromsdorff. 



160 



AURI ET SODII CHLORIDUM, 



R. Pulverized gold, six grains. 

Starch, sixty-six grains. 

Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One 

to be given four times a day. Riecke. 

R. Pulverized gold, 

Lycopodium, each, two grains. 
Mix. To be rubbed, during tlie day, on 
the tongue. Riecke. 



Syrup of Gold. 
R. Pulverized gold, twenty-four 

grains. 
Syrup, one ounce. 

Mix. As an application to chancres on 



the fauces. 



Bories. 



Ointment of Gold. 
R. Pulverized gold, one drachm. 

Lard, half an ounce. 

Triturate well. A3 a dressing to venereal 
ulcers, and also to a surface having the 
cuticle removed ; when the surface becomes 
dry, substitute the ointment of chloride of 
gold. Legrand. 



AURI CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride of Gold. 
R. Leaf gold, 

Nitric acid, sp. gr. 1.32, 

each, one part. 

Muriatic acid, sp. gr. 1.11, 

three parts. 

Dissolve by aid of a sand-bath, and evapo- 
rate till vapors of chlorine are given off, and 
set aside to crystallize. Dose, one-twentieth 
to one-sixteenth of a grain. Paris Codex. 

R. Pure gold, one part. 

Nitro-muriatic acid (made with 
three parts muriatic acid, one 
part nitric acid, and one of 
water), two parts. 

Put the gold in a porcelain capsule, and add 
tin; acid ; cover with a plate of glass, and 
place on ;i salt-water bath. Continue heat 
till nitrous fumes are no longer evolved. 
Raise the glass l>y means of a fold of paper, 
and continue heat, till, on introducing a 
glass rod, the adhering chloride of gold be- 
comes solid on cooling, liemove from fire, 
and let crystallize. Leval. 



Powder of Chloride of Gold. 
R. Chloride of gold, oik; part. 

Powdered orris root, two parts. 

Mix. In frictions on the gums, in the dose 
of a fifteenth to a tenth of a grain. Foy. 



Bolus of Chloride of Gold. 

R. Chloride of gold, half a grain. 

Extract of aconite, twelve grains. 

Mix, and make six boluses. One to be 

taken three times a day. Brera. 



Pills of Chloride of Gold. 
R. Chloride of gold, ten grains. 

Powdered liquorice, 

three drachms. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and make one hundred and fifty pills. 

One, thrice a day. Ellis. 



Tincture of Chloride of Gold. 



R 



Leaf gold, 

Nitro-muriatic acid, 
Dissolve, and add 

Oil of rosemary, 

Alcohol, 
Mix. Dose, ten drops. 



one drachm, 
one ounce. 

two ounces. 

eight ounces. 

Spielmann. 



Caustic of Chloride of Gold. 

R. Chloride of gold, one ounce. 

Nitro-muriatic acid, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Used as a caustic to the surface of 
cancerous ulcers, applied by means of a 
dossil of lint. Recamier. 



Collyrium of Chloride of Gold. 

R. Chloride of gold, two grains. 

Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. As a collyrium in ophthalmia. 

Jahn. 



Ointment of Chloride of Gold. 

R. Chloride of gold, eight grains. 



Lard, 



half an ounce. 



Mix. 



To relieve rheumatic pains. 

Legrand. 



AURI ET SODII CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride op Gold and Sodium. 

R. Leaf gold, 

Nitric acid, sp. gr. 1 

each, 
Muriatic acid, sp. gr 



Chloride of sodium, 

Prepare the chloride of gold 
given above, dissolve it in 
add tin; chloride of sodium, 
pellicle, and let crystallize. 



.32, 

ten parts. 

.1.11, 

thirty parts, 
three parts. 

by the formula 
distilled water, 
evaporate to a 

Paris Codex. 



AUEI CYANIDUM 



161 



The Germ. Ph. proceeds nearly the same, 
but directs for sixty-five parts of metallic 
gold one hundred parts of chloride of sodium, 
so that the product contains half its weight 
of chloride of gold. 



Powder of Chloride of Gold and 
Sodium. 

R. Chloride of gold and ' 

sodium, one part. 

Lycopodium, two parts. 

Mix. Cadet. 

R. Chloride of gold and 

sodium, one part. 

Sugar of milk, sixteen parts. 

Mix. Radius. 

R. Chloride of gold and 

sodium, three parts. 

Powdered orris root, nine parts. 
Mix. Three grains contain about three- 
fourths of a grain of the chloride, and are 
used for thirty frictions, for the weakest 
doses, and three for the strongest. 

Legrand. 



Pills of Chloride of Gold and Sodium. 
R. Chloride of gold and 

sodium, ten grains. 

Potato starch, four grains. 

Gum Arabic, 

Distilled water, each, one drachm. 
Mix, and make one hundred and twenty 
pills. Each contains one-twelfth of a grain 
of chloride. Soubeiran. 

R. Chloride of gold and 

sodium, four grains. 

Extract of bitter- 
sweet, one drachm. 

Extract of aconite, ten grains. 

Powdered marsh mallow, 

Distilled water, each, sufficient. 
Mix, and make eighty pills. Dose, three 
thrice a day, in dropsy, incontinence of 
urine, amaurosis, etc. Groetzner. 

R. Chloride of gold and 

sodium, one grain. 

Extract of mezereon, one drachm. 

Mix, and make sixty pills. 



Lozenges of Chloride of Gold and 
Sodium. 

R. Chloride of gold and 

sodium, five grains 

Powdered sugar, one ounce 

Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. I ^ive 



Rub the chloride in a glass mortar with the 
sugar, add the mucilage, and make sixty 
lozenges. Soubeiran. 



Solution of Chloride of Gold and 
Sodium. 

R. Chloride of gold and 

sodium, two grains. 

Distilled water, one ounce. 

Dissolve. Ten drops, every two hours, in 
dropsy and incontinence of urine. Radius. 



R 



Syrup of Chloride of Gold and 
Sodium. 

Chloride of gold and 

sodium, one grain. 

Syrup, six ounces. 

Dissolve. Dose, from half an ounce to an 
ounce. Bories. 



Compound Syrup of Chloride of Gold 
and Sodium. 

R. Peruvian bark, 

Gentian, each, three ounces. 

Mezereon, one ounce and a half. 

Foxglove, two drachms and a half. 

Water, one pint and a half. 

Boil down to one pint, and pour the boiling 
decoction on 

Bitter orange peel, one ounce. 
Cloves, half an ounce. 

After a sufficient infusion, strain, and add 
Chloride of gold and 

sodium, four grains. 

A spoonful, night and morning. Bories. 



Ointment of Chloride of Gold and 
Sodium. 

R. Chloride of gold and 

sodium, one scruple. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix well. Foy. 

R. Chloride of gold and 

sodium, three to four grains. 
Lard, 



Mix thoroughly. 



half an ounce. 

Groetzner. 



ATJRI CYANIDUM. 

Cyanide of Gold. 
R. Leaf gold, one part. 



Nitro-muriatic acid, six parts. 

Dissolve, and evaporate to dryness. Dis- 



162 AUEI IODIDUM.- AUEUM AMMONIATUM, 



Distilled water, eight parts. 

Reduce on a water-bath to one-fourth, and 
add very gradually 

Cyanide of potassium, half a part. 

Distilled water, twenty-four parts. 

Agitate, let rest, and separate the cyanide 
of gold. Soubeiran. 

R. Fresh precipitated oxide of gold 
(washed, but not dried), at will. 
Diluted hydrocyanic 

acid, sufficient. 

Boil till solution assumes a beautiful yellow 
tint, evaporate to dryness on a water-bath. 

Desfosses. 
Dose, from eighteenth to tenth of a grain. 



Powder of Cyanide of Gold. 
R. Cyanide of gold, one grain. 

Lycopodinm, fifteen grains. 

Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. One 
every day, as friction on the gums and 
tongue. Radius. 



Pills of Cyanide of Gold. 
R. Cyanide of gold, one grain. 

Powdered liquorice, thirty-one 

grains. 

Mucilage, sufficient. 

Mix, and make sixteen pills. Radius. 

R. Cyanide of gold, one grain. 

Extract of mezereon, three grains. 

Powdered marsh mallow, sufficient 
to make fifteen pills. Dose, one pill twice 
a day. 



Lozenges of Cyanide of Gold. 
R. Cyanide of gold, one grain. 

Chocolate, sufficient 

to make sixteen lozenges. Soubeiran. 



Solution of Cyanide of Gold. 
R. Cyanide of gold, three grains. 
Diluted alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 
A teaspoonful, twice a day. gradually in- 
creasing the dose. Christien. 



AURI IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Gold. 

R. Solution of chloride of 

gold, at will. 

Solution of iodide of 

potassium, sufficient 

to precipitate ; wash the precipitate with 
alcohol, and dry it. Old Paris Codex. 



R. Solution chloride of gold, at will. 
" iodide of am- 
monium, sufficient 

to precipitate. Wash with alcohol, and dry. 

Miellet. 
Used like the other preparations, and in 
the same doses. 



one part, 
forty parts. 



AURI OXIDUM 

Oxide of Gold. 
R. Chloride of gold, 

Distilled water, 
Dissolve, and add 

Fresh calcined magnesia, four 

parts. 

Boil ; wash the precipitate with distilled 
water, then with nitric acid diluted with 
twenty parts of water, and again with water. 
Dry in the shade. Dorvault. 

Dose, from a tenth to three- fourths of a 
grain. 



Powder of Oxide of Gold. 

R. Oxide of gold, two drachms. 

Sulphuret of antimony, half 

an ounce. 

Oil of cinnamon, eight drops. 

Triturate together. Spielmann. 

R. Oxide of gold, four scruples. 

Prepared hartshorn, one ounce. 

Triturate together. Used in malignant 
fevers and smallpox. Spielmann. 



Pills of Oxide of Gold. 
R. Oxide of gold, five grains. 

Extract of mezereon, two drachms. 
Mix, and make sixty pills. Magendie- 



AURUM AMMONIATUM. 

Ammoniated Gold. 
R. Gold leaf, two drachms. 

Nitro-muriatic acid, one ounce. 
Dissolve, and add 

Water of ammonia, sufficient 

to precipitate. Wash and dry, with great 
caution. Niemann. 

This is what is termed fulminating gold, 
and explodes at 400° V. It has been used 
in fevers, etc., as a diaphoretic, but has pro- 
duced unpleasant consequences. 



Pills of Ammoniated Gold. 
R. Ammoniated gold,"^ each, 

Calomel, V half a 

Extract of squill, \ drachm. 



AUEUM 8TAXXO-PAEATUM.-AVENA SATIVA. 163 



Powdered rhubarb, two drachms. 
Conserve of juniper, sufficient. 

Mix, and make pills of two grains. 

Plenck. 



AURUM STANNO-PARATUM. 

Purple of Cassius. 

R. Chloride of gold, one part. 

Distilled water, two hundred parts. 
Add to this solution, very gradually, 

Pure tin, one part. 

Nitro-muriatic acid, three parts. 
Dissolve without heat, and add 

Distilled water, one hundred 

parts, 

as long as any precipitate falls. Wash this 
and dry by a gentle heat. 

Paris Codex, 1839. 
This is used like the other preparations of 
gold. 



AYEXA SATIYA. 
Oat. 

The common oat, although generally cul- 
tivated from a very early age, is not known 
in a wild state. 

Sex. Syst. Triand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Gra- 
minacea?. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 61. Griffith, Med. Bot. 662. 

Though for the most part used as food for 
horses, it contains much nutritive matter, 
and forms an important article of diet in 
some parts of Europe. It is also employed 
in medicine as a bland, nutritious, and some- 
what laxative nutriment in inflammatory 
diseases. When the grains are merely freed 
from their husk and coarsely broken, they 
are called groats. 



Groat Gruel. 



R. Groats, 



three ounces. 



Wash well in cold water, and then put into 

Fresh water, four pints. 

Boil slowly to one-half, and strain through 

a fine sieve. A. T. Thomson. 

R. Groats, five drachms. 

Liquorice root, three drachms. 
Boil the groats in sufficient water to have 
one quart of decoction, add the liquorice, 
and after a sufficient infusion, strain. 

Cottereau. 



Oatmeal Gruel. 

R. Oatmeal, two ounces. 

Water, one pint and a half. 

Eub the meal in a basin, with the back of 
a spoon, in some of the water, pouring off 
the fluid after the grosser particles have 
subsided, but whilst the milkiness remains ; 
repeat this with fresh water. Stir well, and 
unite the washings, and boil until a soft, 
thick mucilage is formed. 

A. T. Thomson. 
Both these preparations may be flavored 
according to circumstances. 



Compound Decoction of Oatmeal. 

R. Groats, six ounces. 

Red saunders, chipped, one ounce. 

Chicory root, one ounce and a half. 

Water, twelve pints. 

Boil down one-third, and add to the strained 
decoction 

Nitre, half an ounce. 



Sugar, 



two ounces. 



Dissolve. Advised in gout, nephritis, etc., 
to be taken hot or tepid, morning and even- 
ing, for some weeks, in doses of six or eight 
fl. ounces. Wirt. Ph. 



Flummery of Oatmeal. 
R. Oatmeal or groats, a quart. 

Kub for a considerable time with two quarts 
of hot water, and let the mixture stand till 
it becomes sour, then add another quart of 
hot water, and strain through a hair sieve. 
Let stand till a white sediment is deposited, 
decant the fluid, and wash the sediment 
with cold water. This is now to be boiled 
with fresh water, till it forms a mucilage, 
stirring the whole time. It is a very light 
and somewhat nutritious food, during early 
convalescence. A. T. Thomson. 



Powder for a Cataplasm. 

R. Linseed meal, one part. 

Oatmeal, two parts. 

Dub. Ph. 1826. 

R. Powder for a cataplasm, at will. 

Boiling water, sufficient. 

Mix for a poultice. Dub. Ph. 1826. 



Oatmeal Poultice. 
R. Oatmeal, sufficient. 

Stir gradually into water kept boiling, until 
it is sufficiently consistent. 

A. T. Thomson. 



164 AZEDABACH. — BALSAMTJM PERU VIANTJM, 



AZEDARACH. 

AZEDARACH — (PRIDE OP CHINA.) 

The Melia Jzedarach is a tree, a native of 
many parts of Asia, and naturalized in the 
warmer parts of Europe and the United 
States. 

Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Me- 

Linn. Sp. PI. 550. Griffith, Med. Bot. 179. 

The parts used are the bark of the root, 
the berries, and the leaves. The former 
only is officinal in the U. S. Pharm. It is 
cathartic and emetic ; in large doses some- 
what narcotic ; it is also an efficient anthel- 
mintic. 



R 



Decoction of Azedarach. 

Azedarach, four ounces. 

Water, two pints. 

Boil to a pint, and strain. Wood. 

Dose, one fl. ounce, every two or three 

hours, for a child. 



Ointment of Azedarach Berries. 

R. Pulp of berries, 

Lard, each, one ounce. 

Eub well together. Said to be useful as an 
application in tinea capitis. 



B, 



BALLOTA LANATA. 
Hairy Horehound. 

Several species of Ballota have at differ- 
ent times been used in medicine, but this is 
the only one that appears to possess active 
properties. 

Sex. Syst. Didynam. gym. Nat. Syst. 
Lamiacese. 

The whole plant is used, with the excep- 
tion of the root, and is stated to be an excel- 
lent diuretic, and useful in dropsical cases. 



Decoction of Hairy Horehound. 

R. Hairy horehound, one ounce 

and a half. 
Boiling water, two pints. 

Boil down to one pint. Dose, a cupful 
twice a day, gradually increasing the quan- 
tity. Rehmann. 



BALSAMUM PERUVIANTTM. 
Balsam op Peru. 

This balsam is the product of Myrospermum 
Penriferum, or of Myroxylon Pereirce, a large 
tree indigenous to South America, where it 
is called quinquino. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Sijst. Fa- 
bacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 233. Griffith, Med. Bot. 248. 

The balsam is a thick, viscid fluid, of a 
dark, reddish-brown color, an agreeable, 
fragrant odor, and a warm, bitterish taste, 
occasioning a pungent sensation in the 
throat. It is stimulating, tonic, and ex- 
pectorant, and has been much used in pec- 
toral complaints, etc., and also externally 

ns n,n application to Indolent ulcers. The 

dose is about half a ti. drachm. 



Pills of Balsam of Peru. 
R. Balsam of Peru, one drachm. 
Extract of bitter 

polygala, two drachms. 

Marsh mallow, sufficient 

to make one hundred and twenty pills. 

Ten, four times a day, in chronic mucous 

discharges. Schubert. 



Acoustic Balsam. 
R. Balsam of Peru, half a drachm. 

Narcotic oil, 

Onion juice, each, one ounce. 

Mix. A dossil of cotton saturated with 
this oil is to be introduced into the deaf 
ear, provided there is no inflammation or 
violent pain. 

R. Beef gall, three fl. drachms. 

Balsam of Peru, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. To be occasionally dropped into the 
ear to correct a fetid discharge, syringing 
it also, daily, with a weak solution of soap 
and water. Hugh Smith. 



Liniment for Chilblains. 
R. Balsam of Peru, half a drachm. 

Muriatic ether, 

Laudanum, each, two drachms. 
Mix. As a friction. Henschel. 



R 



Mamillary Lotion. 

Balsam of Peru, one drachm. 

Yolk of egg, one. 

Spirit of wild thyme, three ounces. 
Mix. The sore nipple is to be bathed with 
this, and then sprinkled with a powder, 
composed of one drachm of Peruvian bark, 
and two drachms of gum Arabic. Jverg. 



BALSAMUM TOLUTAJTUM 



165 



Balsam of Peru Mixture. 

R. Balsam of Peru, two drachms. 

Yolk of egg, one. 

Extract of cinchona, two drachms. 

Honey of roses, three ounces. 

Mix. Two dessertspoonfuls, four times a 

day, in chronic mucous discharges. 

St. Marie. 

R. Balsam of Peru, half a drachm. 

Mucilage of gam Arabic, sufficient. 

Cinnamon water, 

Water, each, half a fl. ounce. 

Mix. To be taken three or four times a 
day, as an expectorant in chronic catarrh. 

Ellis. 



Tincture of Balsam of Peru. 
R. Balsam of Peru, one part. 

Alcohol, five parts. 

Macerate for ten days, and filter. 

Paris Codex. 
Principally used as an external applica- 
tion to ulcers, etc. 



Syrup of Balsam of Peru. 
R. Balsam of Peru, one part. 

Water, eleven parts. 

Digest for several hours, frequently shak- 
ing; cool, decant, filter, and to ten parts 
of the nitrate add 

Sugar, eighteen parts. 

Make a syrup. Dose, one to four fl. 
drachms. Ph. Germ. 



Balsam of Peru Collutory. 
R. Tincture of balsam of 

Peru, one part. 

Tincture of guaiacum, four parts. 

Mix. A teaspoonful to a glass of water, 

to rinse the mouth. Taddei. 



each, 
one part. 



Oleo-balsamic Mixture. 
R. Oil of lavender, 
cloves, 
cinnamon, 
thyme, 
lemon, 
mace, 

orange flowers, 

Balsam of Peru, three parts. 

Alcohol two hundred and 

forty parts. 

Macerate for a week, shaking frequently, 

and filter. Ph. Germ. 



Known as Hoffmann's Balsam of Life. 
Dose, ten to thirty drops on sugar or in 
wine. 



Locatelli's Balsam. 
R. Olive oil, six ounces. 

Yellow wax, four ounces. 

Wine, five fl. ounces. 

Melt together by a gentle heat, till all 
moisture is evaporated, and add 

Yenice turpentine, six ounces. 

Balsam of Peru, two drachms. 

Red saunclers, half an ounce. 

Mix. Formerly used in phthisis, but now 
employed only as an external application. 
This is the original formula. Spielmann. 



Ointment of Balsam of Peru. 
R. Balsam of Peru, 

Spermaceti ointment, equal parts. 
Mix. As a dressing to painful ulcers. 

Radius. 



Compound Ointment of Balsam of 
Peru. 

R. Lard, two ounces. 

White wax, four drachms. 

Melt in a water-bath, and add 

Balsam of Peru, two drachms. 

Oil of lavender, twelve minims. 
As an application to promote the growth 
of the hair. Copland. 



Plaster of Balsam of Peru. 
R. Powdered carbonate of 

lead, sixteen parts. 

Powdered litharge, eight parts. 

Rose oil, forty-eight parts. 

White wax, thirty-two parts. 

Melt together, and, at close of operation, 

add 

Balsam of Peru, two parts. 

As an application to indolent ulcers. 

Foy. 



BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM. 
Balsam op Toltj. 

This is the balsamic exudation of Myro- 
spermum (Myroxylon) toluiferum, a large tree 
(of which little is known) growing in seve- 
ral parts of South America. 

Sex. Srjst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fa- 

T\o poop 

De Candolle, Prod. ii. 95. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 250. 



166 



BALSAMTJM TOLTJT ANUM. 



As first obtained, the balsam is soft and 
tenacious, but it gradually becomes hard 
and brittle ; then it is transparent, shining, 
of a yellowish, or reddish-brown color, of a 
fragrant odor, and a sweetish, warm taste. 
It is a stimulating expectorant. The dose 
is from ten to thirty grains. 



Lozenges of Tolu. 
R. Balsam of Tolu, one ounce. 

Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve and add 



Water, 



two fl. ounces. 



Heat in a water-bath, and filter ; add 

Tragacanth, five scruples. 

Sugar, twenty ounces. 

Beat into a paste, and make lozenges of 

fifteen grains. Paris Codex. 



Tincture of Tolu. 

R. Balsam of Tolu, three troyounces. 

Alcohol, two pints. 

Macerate till dissolved, then filter. TJ. S. Ph. 

Tincture of Tolu of Brit. Ph. contains 

one-fourth more Tolu than the preceding ; 

that of Paris Codex is twice this strength. 

A highly stimulating expectorant. Dose, 

one to two fl. drachms. 



Compound Tincture of Tolu. 
R. Balsam of Tolu, two ounces. 

Balsam of Peru, one ounce. 

Benzoic acid, 

Saffron, each, half an ounce. 

Alcohol, twenty-four fl. ounces. 
Digest for three days, and filter. Sptelmann. 



Tincture of Tolu with Foxglove. 
R. Tincture of Tola, one fl. ounce 

and a half. 
Elixir of vitriol, half a fl. drachm. 
Tincture of fox- 
glove, one fl. drachm. 
Antimonial wine, two fl. drachms. 
Clarified honey, one fl. ounce 
and a half. 
Powdered liquorice, half a drachm. 
Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablesnponful, according to cir- 
cumstances. Ellis. 



Emulsion of Tolu. 

K. Balsam of Tolu, three drachms. 

.Mecca, eight drops. 



Barley water, eighteen fl. ounces. 

Sugar, six drachms. 

Make an emulsion. A spoonful occasion- 
ally, in chronic catarrh, etc. Spielmann. 



Syrup of Tolu. 

R. Tincture of Tolu, two fl. ounces. 

Carbonate of magnesium, two 

drachms. 

Water, one pint. 

Sugar, twenty-six troyounces. 

Rub the tincture with the carbonate and 
two troyounces of the sugar, then with the 
water gradually added, and filter ; add the 
remainder of the sugar, dissolve with a 
gentle heat, and strain. TJ. S. Ph. 

R. Tincture of Tolu, one and a half 

fl. ounces. 

Sugar, (troy) two and a 

half pounds. 

Water, one pint. 

Mix the tincture with one pound of sugar, 
in a shallow dish, and allow the alcohol to 
evaporate spontaneously. Then add the 
remainder of the sugar, and dissolve it in 
twelve fl. ounces of the water. Beat up 
the white of an egg with the remaining 
four ounces of water, add it to the syrup, 
boil for a minute or two, and strain through 
flannel. /. Laidley. 

R. Balsam of Tolu, one ounce and 

a quarter. 

Boiling water, sufficient. 

Sugar, thirty-two ounces. 

Boil the balsam in water for half an hour, 
occasionally stirring ; when cold filter to 
obtain one pint, add the sugar, and form 
syrup. Brit. Ph. 



Mixture of Tolu and Morphia. 
R. Oxymel of 

squill, one ounce and a half. 
Syrup of Tolu, half an ounce. 

Acetate of 

morphia, half to one grain. 

Mix. A teaspoonful, as occasion may re- 
quire, in catarrh. Ellis. 



Sweet almonds, 



half an ounce. 



Mixture of Tolu and Belladonna. 
R. Syrup of Tolu, three fl. ounces 

and a half. 
" sencka, half a fl. ounce. 
Extract of belladonna, 

eight to twelve grains. 
Wine of ipecacuanha, 

one fl. drachm. 



BAPTISIA TINCTOKIA. BARII CAEBONAS 



167 



Mix. A teaspoonful three or four times a 
day, in cough. Ellis. 



Mixture of Tolu and Almond 
Emulsion. 

R. Almond emulsion, fifteen parts. 

S} T rup of Tolu, one part. 

Mix. In cough. Beral. 



Mixture of Tolu and Copaiba. 



R. Balsam of Tolu, 

Copaiba, 

Powdered gum 
Arabic, each, 

Elixir of vitriol, 

Distilled water, 
Mix. A tablespoonful 
chronic hooping-cough. 



half an ounce, 
twenty drops, 
six fl. ounces. 

occasionally, in 

Ellis. 



Tolu Mixture. 



R 



Tincture of Tolu, one ounce. 

Laudanum, two drachms. 

Tincture of foxglove, one drachm. 
Mix. In the chronic cough of haemoptysis. 
Forty to fifty drops, every three or four 
hours. Dewees. 



Mixture of Tolu and Opium. 

R. Balsam of Tolu, one drachm. 

Powdered gum 

Arabic, one drachm and a half. 

Water, four fl. ounces. 

Syrup of opium, half a fl. ounce. 
Make an emulsion. Niemann. 



Inhalation of Tolu. 



R 



Balsam of Tolu, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Mix. The vapor to be inhaled. Ellis. 



BAPTISIA TINCTORIA. 
Wild Indigo. 

A native plant, found in most parts of the 
country ; becoming black wben dried. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Fabaceae. 

Torrey and Gray, Flor. i. 386. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 231. 

Tbe root, which is the part used, is emetic 
and purgative when fresh. Has been con- 
sidered a valuable antiseptic and febrifuge, 
and has been given with advantage in ty- 



phus fever, scarlatina, etc., and also used 
as a wash to foul ulcers, aphthae, etc. Most 
employed in decoction. 



Decoction of "Wild Indigo. 

R. Root of wild indigo, one ounce. 

Boiling water, a pint and a half. 

Boil down to a pint. Dose, half a fl. ounce 

every four to eight hours. Comstock. 



R 



Ointment of Wild Indigo . 
Contused root of 

wild indigo, two ounces. 

Lard, six ounces. 

Simmer together for an hour and strain. 
Has been found beneficial as an applica- 
tion to burns and ulcers. 



BARIUM. 
BARII ACETAS. 

Acetate of Barium. 

R. Carbonate of barium, at will. 

Acetic acid, sufficient 

to saturate ; filter, evaporate, and crystal- 
lize. Van Mons. 



Solution of Acetate of Barium. 
R. Acetate of barium, one part. 

Distilled water, nine parts. 

Dissolve, and filter. In same cases and 
doses as the solution of baryta. Hamb. Ph. 



BARII CARBONAS. 
Carbonate of Barium. 

R. Native sulphate of 

barium (heavy 

spar), four parts. 

Fused chloride of 

calcium, two parts. 

Charcoal, one part. 

Reduce separately to a fine powder, mix 
intimately and heat to redness, as long as 
the blue flame of carbonic oxide is observed. 
Boil with water, filter, and crystallize. Re- 
dissolve the crystals in distilled water, pre- 
cipitate with solution of pure carbonate of 
sodium, wash, and dry. Duflos. 

May be used in doses of one-eighth to a 
quarter of a grain ; but is chiefly employed 
for preparing the soluble salts of barium. 



168 



BAKU CHLORIDUM. BABII IODIDUM. 



BARII CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride of Barium. 

R. Carbonate of barium, 

Muriatic acid, each, four 

troyounces. 

Water, one pint. 

Mix the acid with the water, and gradually 
add the baryta ; towards the close of effer- 
vescence, apply a gentle heat, and, when 
action has ceased, filter, and evaporate for 
crystals to form. U. S. Ph. 



Powders of Chloride of Barium. 
R. Chloride of barium, two drachms. 

Calomel, ten grains. 

Sulphuret of antimony, six grains. 
Mix, and divide into forty-eight powders. 
Dose, two a day in syrup, in cutaneous 
affections. Swediaur. 



Pills of Chloride of Barium. 
R. Chloride of barium, 
Extract of liquorice, 

each, half a drachm. 

Powdered liquorice root, 
Water, each, sufficient. 

Mix, and divide into one hundred and 
twenty pills. Phoebus. 

Dose, four to eight, three or four times a 
day. 

R. Chloride of barium, one drachm. 

Resin of guaiacura, half an ounce. 

Conserve of fumitory, sufficient. 
Mix, and make one hundred and eighty- 
eight pills. One to be taken morning and 
evening, increased to two, against tape- 
worm. Pierquin. 



Solution of Chloride of Barium. 
R. Chloride of barium, one troy- 

ounce. 
Distilled water, three fl. ounces. 
Dissolve, and filter. U. S. Ph. 

Has been used in small doses in cancer 
and scrofula. Dose, five drops, two or three 
times a day, cautiously increasing. 



Collyrium of Chloride of Barium. 



K. Chloride of barium, 



ten grains, 
one ounce. 



Distilled water, 
Dissolve, filter, and add 

Mucilage of quince seeds, two 

drachms. 

Wine of opium, half a drachm. 

Radius. 



The eyelids are to be washed several 
times a day with this, in scrofulous ophthal- 
mia. 



Mixture of Chloride of Barium. 

R. Chloride of barium, 

" iron, each, half a drachm. 
Distilled water, one ounce. 

Dissolve. Augustin. 

Dose, twenty to sixty drops. 

R. Chloride of barium, 
Extract of cicuta, 

each, half a drachm. 

Distilled water, half an ounce. 
Antimonial wine, one drachm and 

a half. 
Phoebus. 
Dose, fifteen to twenty drops every three 
hours, in chronic orchitis. 

R. Chloride of barium, one drachm. 

Balm water, seven fl. drachms. 

Antimonial wine, one fl. drachm. 
Dose, twenty to thirty drops four times a 
day. Hufeland. 

R. Chloride of barium, four grains. 

Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 

Extract of hemlock, four grains. 

Common emulsion, one pound. 

Syrup, one ounce. 

Mix. To be taken during the day, in 
scrofula, and scrofulous phthisis. Brera. 



BARII IODIDUM. 
Iodide of Barium. 



R. Iodine, 
Iron filings, 
Water, 



one hundred parts. 

thirty parts. 

sufficient. 



Prepare an iodide of iron, add baryta dis- 
solved in twenty parts of water, as long as 
a precipitate is formed, heat a moment, fil- 
ter, evaporate, and crystallize. Magendie. 
Has been used with success in scrofula. 
Dose, one-eighth of a grain, three times a 
day, cautiously increasing. 



Powder of Iodide of Barium. 
R. Iodide of barium, one grain. 

Powdered cinnamon, 

Sugar, each, four scruples. 

Mix well, and divide into eight powders. 
One to be given two or three times a day 
in scrofula. Radius. 



BAKU SULPHUEETUM. — BEC C ABU^G A 



169 



Ointment of Iodide of Barium. 
R. Iodide of barium, four grains. 
Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. As a friction in scrofulous swellines. 

Biett. 



BARII SULPHURETUM. 

SULPHURET OF BARIUM. 

R. Sulphate of barium, eleven parts. 
Charcoal, one part. 

Oil of turpentine, sufficient. 

Triturate the sulphate with the coal, mois- 
ten the mixture with the turpentine, aud 
heat the whole in a crucible to redness ; let 
cool, and preserve. Van Mons. 



BARYTA. 

Barytes. 



R. Xitrate of barium, sufficient. 

Expose in a platina crucible to a red heat. 
When the mass has become solid and po- 
rous, raise to a white heat, remove from fire, 
and cool. Van Mqhs. 



Solution of Barytes. 
R. Baryta, one part. 

Distilled water, twenty parts. 

Dissolve. Van Mons. 

Has been recommended in scrofula, in 
doses of four to five drops, in some appro- 
priate vehicle. 



Barytic Liniment. 

R. Solution of baryta, one part. 

Olive oil, six parts. 

Rub together. Soubeiran. 

Advised as an external application in 

lepra, and other obstinate cutaneous dis- 
eases. 



BEBERIA. 

Bebeerina. 

This is an alkaloid obtained from bebeeru 
bark, the bark of the greenheart tree, grow- 
ing in British Guiana. It belongs to the 
genus Xectandra, and has been named N. 
Rodioci. The bark is in flat pieces, smooth, 
grayish, hard, heavy, and brittle, with but 
little odor, though of a very bitter taste. 
Bebeeriua is extracted from this bark in the 
form of a sulphate, by a process similar to 
that used to obtain sulphate of quinia. In 
this form it contains both bebeerina and si- 
perina, and is in thin, somewhat glittering 
scales of a dark brownish color, forming a 
yellow powder, soluble in cold water, but 



often forming a turbid solution, which is ren- 
dered clear by a few drops of diluted sul- 
phuric acid. Pure bebeerina can be obtained 
from this solution as follows : — 

Decompose by ammonia, wash the preci- 
pitate, and whilst moist, triturate with moist 
hydrated oxide of lead; dry on a water-bath, 
exhaust with alcohol, and distil off the spirit, 
treat the residue with ether; on the evapo- 
ration of the ether, bebeerina will be left of 
a bright canary-yellow color, but in powder 
appears nearly white. 

Dose of the sulphate is one to three grains 
as a tonic, and five grains to a scruple as a 
febrifuge. 

It is not equal to quinia as an antiperiodic, 
but is a good substitute for that article. 

Bebeeru bark is rarely if ever used in me- 
dicine in this country, but may be employed 
similar to cinchona, and in larger doses. 



Pills of Sulphate of Bebeerina. 
R. Sulphate of bebeerina, two 

drachms. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and form twenty-four pills — one to 

three, thrice a day in intermittent levers. 

Christison. 



Solution of Sulphate of Bebeerina. 
R. Sulphate of bebeerina, half a 

drachm. 
Diluted sulphuric acid, 

twenty -five minims. 
Syrup, 
Tincture of orange-peel, 

each, one fl. ounce. 



Water, 



four 11. ounces. 



Mix. A tablespoonful three times a day. 

Christison. 



BECCABUNGA. 
Brooklime. 

Two species of Veronica of similar proper- 
ties are included under this name, the V. 
beccabunga and V. anagallis; they are both 
semi-aquatic plants, indigenous to Europe 
and to this country. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Scroph- 
ulariacese. 

Griffith, Med. Bot. 517. 

These plants are employed usually in a 
fresh state, and considered to be antiscorbu- 
tic and alterative. They are usually given 
in infusion made with one or two handfuls 
of the herb to a pint of boiling water. They 
have also been employed in conserve, syrup, 
etc. 



"Water of Brooklime. 

R. Brooklime, 

Water, each, two parts. 



170 



BEL A. BELLADONNA 



Distil off one part. 

Dose, one to four ounces. 



Cotter eau. 



Decoction of Brooklime. 
B. Fresh brooklime, three ounces. 
Water, one pint. 

Boil for fifteen minutes and strain. 

Copland. 



Syrup of Brooklime. 
R. Clarified juice of 

brooklime, one part. 

Sugar, two parts. 

Dissolve, by means of a water-bath. 

Taddei. 



BELA. 
Bael. Bengal Quince. 

The fruit of jEgle Marmelos, a large tree 
of Coromandel and Malabar. 

Sex. Syst. Polyan. Monogyn. Nat. Syst. 
Aurantiacese. 

It is globular, of the size of an orange, 
with a hard, almost woody rind. It is 
usually met with in slices or fragments, con- 
sisting of the rind with some dried pulp and 
seeds adhering to it ; it. has a slight balsamic 
odor, and a bitterish astringent taste ; the 
pulp is mucilaginous. It is used as a tonic 
and astringent, mostly in the form of fluid 
extract. 



Fluid Extract of Bael. 
R. Bael fruit, sixteen ounces. 

Distilled water, twelve pints (imp.) 
Rectified spirit, two fl. ounces. 

Macerate the bael for twelve hours in one- 
third of the water ; pour off the clear liquor ; 
repeat the maceration a second and third 
time for one hour in the remaining water; 
press the marc, and filter the mixed liquids 
through flannel. Evaporate to fourteen fl. 
ounces, and when cold add the spirit. Dose, 
one to two fl. drachms. Brit. Ph. 



BELLADONNA. 
Belladonna. 

Tliis is the Atropa belladonna, an herbace- 
ous plant, native of Europe, and cultivated 
in Home places in the United States. 

Sex. syst.. Pentad, monog. Nat. Syst. So- 
lanacesB. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 260. Griffith, Med. Bot.486. 

The root ;iik1 leaves are officinal, some 
pharmacopoeias allowing the young branches 
to !"• collected with the leaves. The entire 
plant is powerfully narcotic, owing to the 



presence of the alkaloid Atropia. (See page 
156). It has been used in a variety of dis- 
eases as an anodyne, antispasmodic, and 
discutient. The dose of the powdered leaves 
is one to two grains, daily or twice a day, 
gradually increasing. But it is more usually 
given in the form of an extract. 



Powder of Belladonna. 
R. Powdered belladonna 

root, three grains. 

Powdered ipecacuanha^ 

two grains. 
Oxide of zinc, six grains. 

Sugar, one drachm. 

Rub together, and divide into six powders. 
One every two hours in epilepsy. Radius. 

R. Powdered belladonna 

root, two grains. 

Powdered ipecacuanha, one grain. 
Washed sulphur, thirty-two 

grains. 
Sugar of milk, two drachms. 

Rub well together, divide into twenty 
powders. One every three hours in hoop- 
ing-cough. Phoebus. 

R- Powdered belladonna, one grain. 
" nitrate of potassium, 

tw r enty-one grains. 
" sugar, nine grains. 

Make a powder, to be taken at bedtime. 

In chronic rheumatism, extensive ulcera- 
tions, mania, and epilepsy. A . T. Thomson. 

R. Powdered root of belladonna, 
u ipecacuanha, each, 

six grains. 

" liquorice root, 

" sugar, each, half a 

drachm. 

Precipitated sulphur, two scruples. 

Oil of anise, 

" amber, each, three minims. 

Mix, and make five to twenty powders. 

A. T. Thomson. 

R. Powdered leaves of 

belladonna, one to three grains. 

Musk, 

Camphor, each, five grains. 

Sugar, thirty grains. 

Triturate well together, and divide into 
eight powders. A. T. Thomson. 



Powder of Belladonna and Rhubarb. 
K. Powdered belladonna 

loaves, ten grains. 

Powdered rhubarb, two scruples. 



BELLADONNA 



171 



Mix. and divide into ten powders. One 
powder, two or three times a day, in ob- 
structions of the liver and spleen. 

Radius. 



Opiated Belladonna Leaves. 
R. Belladonna leaves, 

Water, each, two ounces. 

Extract of opium, one drachm. 
Dissolve the opium in the water, wash the 
leaves with the solution, and dry them by 
a gentle heat. Guibourt. 

Said to be very useful in phthisis, the 
patient to smoke a pinch every morning in 
a common pipe. 



one 



Fumigation of Belladonna. 
R. Powdered belladonna, 

drachm. 
Boiling infusion of sage, one 

quart. 
The steam to be inhaled. Said to be useful 
in hooping-cough and phthisis. 

Soubeiran. 



Extract of Belladonna. 

R. Belladonna leaves, one pound. 
Bruise in a stone mortar, with the addition 
of a little water ; express the juice, heat to 
boiling point, strain, and evaporate to 
proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 

Paris Codex operates in same manner, 
but cools and strains concentrated juice 
previous to final inspissation. Brit. Ph. 
separates first the chlorophyll, afterwards 
the albumen, and when of a syrupy con- 
sistence, adds again the chlorophyll. Germ. 
Ph. separates chlorophyll and albumen by 
heat, concentrates the liquid, and removes 
mucilaginous constituents by alcohol. 

Dose, half to one grain night and morn- 
ing, to be gradually increased. 



Alcoholic Extract of Belladonna. 
R. Belladonna leaves, in 

fine powder, twenty-four 

troyounces. 

Alcohol, four pints. 

Water, two pints. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Moisten the leaves with a pint of the mixed 
alcohol and water, pack in a displacement 
apparatus, and add gradually the remainder 
of mixture. Continue percolation with di- 
luted alcohol until six pints of tincture have 
passed. Distil off alcohol, and evaporate 
to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, quarter to half a grain, to be grad- 
uallv increased. 



Compound Belladonna Pills. 
R. Extract of belladonna,} each, 
Blue pill, >- twelve 

Powdered ipecacuanha, ) grains. 

Mix and make twelve pills. One to be 
taken morning and evening, in cancerous 
affections. Ainslie. 



Pills of Belladonna and Camphor. 

R. Camphor, three drachms. 

Assafetida, three drachms. 

Extract of belladonna, one drachm. 

Extract of opium, fifteen grains. 

Syrup of gum Arabic, sufficient. 
Mix, and make one hundred and twenty 
pills. Give one pill the first day, two the 
second, and so on till six are given daily, in 
hysteria. Debreyne. 



Solution of Extract of Belladonna. 
R. Extract of belladonna, 

three grains. 
Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce. 
Make a solution. Dose for a child under 
one year, two or three drops twice or thrice 
a day, and an additional drop for each ad- 
ditional year. Ellis. 
Said to have proved efficacious as a pre- 
ventive of scarlatina. 



Infusion of Belladonna. 

R. Belladonna leaves, four grains. 

Boiling water, two fl. ounces. 

Infuse. Take one-half as a dose. Paris. 

R. Belladonna leaves, half a drachm. 

Water, seven fl. ounces. 

Infuse, strain, and add 

Compound tincture of 

cardamom, one fl. ounce. 

Dose, a tablespoonful. Saunders. 



Syrup of Belladonna. 

R. Extract of belladonna, 

forty-eight grains. 
Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 
Dissolve and filter, then add 

Syrup, three pounds. 

Boil, and strain. Cottereau. 

Said to be useful in hooping-cough in 
doses of one to three drachms. 



Gillet's Syrup of Belladonna. 

R. Dried belladonna leaves, 

one ounce. 



172 



BELLADONNA 



Digitalis, 

Common nightshade, each, 

one drachm. 
Water, ten fl. ounces. 

Digest for two days, and filter, then add 
Syrup, two pounds. 

Cadet. 
Advised in hooping-cough, in the dose of 
a teaspoonful every hour or two. 



Tincture of Belladonna. 

R. Belladonna leaves, 

four troyounces. 
Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by percolation two pints. U. S. Ph. 
Tincture of belladonna of Brit. Ph. is 
two-fifths the strength, and that of Paris 
Codex nearly one-fourth stronger than the 
above. 

R. Fresh belladonna leaves with the 

flowering branches, five parts. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.892, six parts. 

Bruise the belladonna in a stone mortar ; 

macerate with the spirit for eight days, 

express, and filter. Ph. Germ. 

The dose is from fifteen to thirty drops. 

Ethereal Tincture of Belladonna. 
R. Belladonna leaves, dried, one part. 
Sulphuric ether, eight parts. 

Macerate for eight days, and filter. 

Guibourt. 



Fluid Extract of Belladonna Root. 
R. Belladonna root, powdered, 

No. 50, sixteen troyounces. 

Moisten with one-fourth of a mixture com- 
posed of twelve fl. ounces of alcohol, three 
of glycerin, and one of water, pack well 
into a percolator, add the remainder of the 
mixture, and macerate for four days. Dis- 
place with diluted alcohol twenty-four fl. 
ounces ; reserve the first fourteen fl. ounces, 
add to the remaining tincture one fl. ounce 
of glycerin, evaporate to two fl. ounces, and 
mix with the reserved portion. U. S. Ph. 



Belladonna Mixture. 
R. Extract of belladonna, 

eight to twelve grains. 
Wine of ipecacuanha, 

one fl. drachm. 
Syrup of seneka, half fl. ounce. 
*" tolu, 

three and a half fl. ounces. 



Mix. Advised in catarrh, in the dose of a 
teaspoonful, three or four times a day, using 
also gum-water acidulated with lemon-juice. 

Ellis. 
R. Extract of belladonna, 

fifteen grains. 

Fennel water, five fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, one fl. drachm. 

Dissolve. Dose, a drop for every year of 
the age of a child, not to exceed fifteen ; as 
a preventive of scarlatina. Maisier. 

Liniment of Belladonna. 
R. Powdered belladonna 

root, twenty ounces. 

Camphor, one ounce. 

Rectified spirit, sufficient. 

Macerate the powder with a portion of the 
spirit for three days ; then displace slowly 
into a receiver containing the camphor, 
until the product measures a pint (twenty 
fl. ounces). Brit. Ph. 

R. Extract of belladonna, 

two scruples. 
Sulphuric ether, one fl. drachm. 
Cherry-laurel water, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. As a friction to the abdomen in 
colica pictonum. Phoebus. 



Oleo-infusion of Belladonna. 
R. Bruised fresh belladonna 

leaves, one part. 

Olive oil, two parts. 

Heat by means of a slow fire, until the 
moisture has evaporated, express, and filter. 
As an addition to liniments. Paris Codex. 



Suppositories of Belladonna. 
R. Alcoholic extract of 

belladonna, six grains. 

Cacao butter, three hundred 

and fifty-four grains. 
Rub extract into a smooth paste with a 
little water, afterwards with sixty grains of 
cacao butter, mix thoroughly with remain- 
der of cacao butter previously melted and 
cooled to 95°, and make twelve supposi- 
tories. U. S. Ph. 



Clyster of Belladonna. 
R. Belladonna leaves, 

twelve to twenty grains. 
Fowdered jalap, one scruple. 

Boiling water, half a pint. 

Infuse, and strain. Pitschaft. 

Tli is has been recommended in strangu- 
lated hernia, to overcome spasm. 



BENZOINUM. 



173 



Plaster of Belladonna. 
B. Powdered belladonna 

root, sixteen troyounces. 

Alcohol, 

Resin plaster, each, sufficient. 

Exhaust the powder with the alcohol, dis- 
til and evaporate the tincture, and add to 
the extract sufficient resin plaster previ- 
ously melted, to make the weight of the 
mixture sixteen troyounces. U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. exhausts three ounces of ex- 
tract with alcohol, evaporates, and mixes 
with same quantity of resin plaster. 

B. Purified elemi, two parts. 

Wax, one part. 

Alcoholic extract of 

belladonna, nine parts. 

Melt and mix. Paris Codex. 

B. Yellow wax, four parts. 
Common turpentine, 

Olive oil, each, one part. 
Melt together, and when nearly cold, add 
Powdered belladonna 

leaves, two parts. 

Mix. Ph. Germ. 

An efficacious application in neuralgic 
and rheumatic pains. 



Cerate of Belladonna. 
B. Extract of belladonna, one part. 
Galien's cerate, nine parts. 

Mix thoroughly. Paris Codex. 



Ointment of Belladonna. 
B. Extract of belladonna, one drachm. 
Water, thirty minims. 

Lard, seven drachms. 

Mix. U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. directs eighty grains of extract 
to one ounce avoir, of lard ; Germ. Ph. one 
drachm of extract to nine drachms of wax 
ointment. 



BENZOINUM. 

Benzoin 

Is the solid balsam or balsamic resin of 
the Styrax Benzoin, a tree of some size, 
native of several of the East Indian Islands. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Styracacese. 

Dryander, Pb. Trans, lxxvii. 308. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 439. 

There are several varieties of benzoin, but 
tbe best is in whitish tears, united by a red- 
dish- brown connecting medium. It has an 



aromatic, agreeable odor, and a somewhat 
acrid taste. It is stimulant and expecto- 
rant, and is much used in chronic catarrhs. 
Inhalation of the fumes has been recom- 
mended in hoarseness and aphonia. 



Benzoinated Lard or Ointment. 
B. Benzoin in coarse 

powder, one ounce. 

Lard, forty-four ounces. 

Heat them together in a water-bath for two 
hours, strain without pressure, and stir 
while cooling. Brit. Ph. 

B. Tincture of benzoin, 

two fluidounces. 
Lard, sixteen troyounces. 

Apply the heat of a water-bath, constantly 
stirring, until the alcohol has evaporated, 
then stir while cooling. U. S. Ph. 

•- Employed for ointments to prevent them 
from becoming rancid when long kept. 



Fumigating Powder. 
B. Powdered olibanum, two pounds. 
" benzoin, 

" storax, each, half a 

pound. 
" dried roses, 

" lavender flowers, 



each. 



six ounces. 



Mix. 



A small quantity to be thrown on 
hot coals, to raise a smoke ; to be inhaled 
in hooping-cough, etc. Dohrn. 



Fumigating Pastilles. 
B. Benzoin, ten parts. 

Charcoal, twenty-four parts. 

Nitrate of potassium, one part. 
Sassafras, two parts. 

Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, sufficient 

to make pastilles, which are to be conical. 

Beral. 

R. Benzoin, sixteen parts. 

Sandal wood, four parts. 

Laudanum, one part. 

Balsam of tolu, four parts. 

Charcoal, forty-eight parts. 

Nitrate of potassium, two parts. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 
Make conical pastilles. Foy. 



Powder of Benzoin. 
B. Powdered benzoin, 

" sugar candy, equal 

parts. 



174 



BERBERIS 



Mix. Said to be useful "with camphor 
water in asthma and chronic catarrh. 

Pierquin. 



Oil of Benzoin. 
R. Benzoin, at will. 

Water, a small quantity. 

Distil on a sand-bath, and separate the oil 
that passes over. 

Advised as a friction in neuralgic and 
rheumatic pains. Swediaur. 



Cosmetic Wash of Benzoin. 
R. Tincture of benzoin, three fl. 

drachms. 
Liquid carbonate of 

potassium, two fl. drachms. 

Rose water, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix. As a lotion in acne. Augustin. 



Cosmetic Emulsion of Benzoin. 
R. Almond paste, two drachms. 

Rose water, eight fl. ounces. 

Make an emulsion, and add 
Tincture of 

benzoin, three fl. drachms. 

Schubarth. 

Milk of Roses. 
R. Tincture of benzoin, one fl. drachm. 
Rose water, one pint. 

Mix. Taddei. 

R. Tincture of benzoin, one fl. drachm. 

" tolu, twenty drops. 

Rose water, one pint. 

Mix. Giannini. 

Both these are used as cosmetic washes. 



Lotion for Burns. 
R. Benzoin, six drachms. 

Storax, four drachms. 

Balsam tolu, two drachms. 

Aloes, one drachm. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Make a tincture, to be used as a lotion for 
burns and scalds, before vesication has 
taken place. 



Tincture of Benzoin. 
R. Benzoin, six troyonnces. 

A lcohol, two pints. 

Macerate for seven days, and filler. 

U. S. Ph. 
I ied as a stomachic, carminative, etc., in 
of ten to twenty drops; externally, 
diluted, as ;i cosmetic. 



Compound Tincture of Benzoin. 
R. Benzoin, three troy ounces. 

Storax, . two troyounces. 

Balsam tolu, one troy ounce. 

Socotrine aloes, half a troyounce. 
Alcohol, two pints. 

Macerate for seven days, and filter. 

U. S. Ph. 
The formula of Brit. Ph. closely re- 
sembles the above. 

A stimulating expectorant, and also used 
as an application to indolent ulcers. Dose, 
twenty to sixty drops. 



Turlington's Balsam. 

R. Benzoin, twelve ounces. 

Liquid storax, four ounces. 

Balsam of Peru, two ounces. 

Myrrh, 

Aloes, each, one ounce. 

Balsam of tolu, 

Extract of liquorice, 

each, four ounces. 

Angelica root, half an ounce. 

Alcohol, eight pints. 

Digest for ten days, and strain. Used as a 
vulnerary. Phil. Coll. Ph. 



BERBERIS. 

Barberry. 

One species of this genus, B. vulgaris, has 
been employed in medicine. It is a native 
of Europe, but is naturalized in some parts 
of the United States. 

Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ber- 
beridacese. 

Torrey and Gray, Fl. i. 49. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 112. 

The parts used are principally the benies, 
which are acidulous, and form a substitute 
for tamarinds, in the preparation of cooling 
drinks. The bark of the root is bitter and 
astringent, and is useful in the treatment of 
aphthous sore mouth, and was at one time 
much esteemed in the treatment of jaundice. 

A bitter, crystallizable alkaloid, called 
berberina, has been obtained from the root. 
This is tonic in doses of two or three grains. 
The same alkaloid is found in many other 
plants, and is now principally obtained from 
hydrastis. 



Lemonade of Barberries. 

R. Juice of berries, one part. 

Sweetened water, fifteen parts. 

Mix. As a refreshing drink in fevers. 

Btral. 



BISMUTHUM. — BISMUTHI SUBNITEAS 



175 



Infusion of Barberry. 
R. Barberry bark, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for two hours. 

Used in jaundice. Dose, one fl. ounce. 

Copland. 



BISMUTHUM. 

Bismuth. 

The Brit. Ph. directs the metal to he puri- 
fied by fusing it with one-fifth of its weight 
of saltpetre. 



BISMUTHI ET AMMONII 
CITRAS. 

Citrate of Bismuth and 
Ammonium. 



Solution of Ammonio-citrate of 
Bismuth. 

R. Powdered bismuth, four hundred 
and thirty grains. 

Nitric acid, two fl. ounces. 

Citric acid, two ounces. 

Solution of ammonia, 

Distilled water, each, sufficient. 
Mix the nitric acid with an ounce of the 
water, add the bismuth gradually, and when 
effervescence has ceased, heat for ten min- 
utes nearly to ebullition. Decant and 
evaporate the solution to two fl. ounces, add 
the citric acid previously dissolved in four 
ounces of the water, and afterwards solu- 
tion of ammonia in small quantities, until 
the precipitate formed is redissolved and 
the solution is neutral or slightly alkaline 
to test paper; then dilute with distilled 
water to the volume of one pint (twenty fl. 
ounces). One fl. drachm contains three 
grains of oxide of bismuth. Dose, half to 
one fl. drachm. Brit. Ph. 



BISMUTHI SUBCARBONAS. 

SUBCARBONATE OF BlSMUTH. 

R. Bismuth, in pieces, two troy- 

ounces. 
Dissolve in a mixture of four and a half 
troyounces of nitric acid and four fl. ounces 
of water, dilute the solution with ten fl. 
ounces of distilled water, and, after twenty- 
four hours, filter. Dilute the filtrate with 
four pints of distilled water, and add five fl. 
ounces of ammonia water diluted with an 
equal bulk of water. Collect the precipi- 



tate, wash, drain, and dissolve it in four 
troyounces of nitric acid. Add the clear 
liquid to a solution of ten troyounces of car- 
bonate of sodium in twelve fl. ounces of 
distilled water, drain, wash, and dry the 
precipitate. U. S. Ph. 

It is tasteless, and readily soluble in acids 
with effervescence. Used as a tonic in gas- 
tric and intestinal affections. Dose, ten to 
sixty grains daily in divided doses. 



Pills of Subcarbonate of Bismuth. 
R. Subcarbonate of 

bismuth, two scruples. 

Confection of roses, sufficient. 

Mix and make twenty pills. One after 

each meal, in dyspepsia and sick headache. 

Hammond. 



BISMUTHI SUBNITRAS. 

SUBNITRATE OF BlSMUTH. 

R. Bismuth, in pieces, two 

troyounces. 

Nitric acid, 
Carbonate of sodium, 

each, ten troyounces. 

Water of ammonia, six 

fl. ounces. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Proceed by the process for subcarbonate 
of bismuth, omitting the firs"t precipitation 
by water and ammonia. Dissolve the washed 
carbonate in five and a half troyounces of 
nitric acid, add four fl. ounces of water, and 
after twenty-four hours, filter. Dilute the 
filtrate with four pints of distilled water, 
slowly add the water of ammonia with con- 
stant stirring ; collect, wash, and dry the 
precipitate. U. S. Ph. 

Used as a tonic and antispasmodic, espe- 
cially in certain painful affections of the 
stomach. Dose, five grains, twice or thrice 
a day, gradually increasing the quantity. 



Compound Bismuth Powder. 
R. Subnitrate of bismuth, twelve 

grains. 

Powdered ipecacuanha, two grains. 

Carbonate of magnesium, two 

drachms. 

Mix, and form twelve powders. One, two 

or three times a day, in gastrodynia. 

Clarus. 

R. Subnitrate of bismuth, eight 

grains. 

Opium, one grain. 

Sugar, two drachms. 

Mix, and form four powders. Ammon. 

Much praised by the author in cholera ; 

one powder to be taken every two hours. 



176 



BISMUTHI VALERIANAS, 



Powders of Subnitrate of Bismuth. 

R. Subnitrate of bismuth, three to 

six grains. 
Sugar, ten grains. 

Make six powders. Place one powder on 
the tongue of a child (one year old), three 
or four times daily. Used in the diarrhoea 
of children. Trousseau. 



Pills of Subnitrate of Bismuth. 

R. Subnitrate of bismuth, one drm. 
Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. 
Mix," and make thirty pills. One to be 
given every two hours, in dyspepsia. 

Ellis. 



Troches of Subnitrate of Bismuth. 

R. Subnitrate of bismuth, one part. 
Sugar, nine parts. 

Mix. form a mass with mucilage of traga- 
canth, and divide into troches of fifteen 
grains each. Paris Codex. 

Compound Troches of Subnitrate of 
Bismuth. 

R. Subnitrate of bismuth, 

fourteen hundred and forty grs. 
Carbonate of magnesium, four 
ounces avoir. 
Precipitated carbonate of 

calcium, six ounces avoir. 

Refined sugar, twenty-nine 

ounces avoir. 

Gum Arabic, in powder, one 

ounce avoir. 

Mucilage of gum Arabic, two 

fl. ounces. 

sufficient. 

Mix the dry ingredients, add the mucilage, 
form a mass with rose water, and divide into 
seven hundred and twenty lozenges. 

Dose, one to six. These are the bismuth 
lozenges of the Brit. Ph. 



Rose water. 



Lotion of Subnitrate of Bismuth. 
R. Subnitrate of bismuth, twenty 

grains. 

Glycerin, one fl. ounce. 

Rose water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. In erythematous conditions of the 

tongue. ■ Symonds. 



Glycerite of Bismuth. 

U. Subnitrate of bismuth, 

Glycerin, each, equal parts 



Mix. Applied to the inflamed surface in 
chronic granular conjunctivitis and in ble- 
pharitis. Follin. 

R. Subnitrate of bismuth, one 

drachm. 

Glycerin, three drachms. 

Mix. Applied to fissures of the anus and 

to chapped nipples, etc. Trousseau. 



Subnitrate of Bismuth Ointment. 
R. Subnitrate of bismuth, one part. 
Lard, three parts. 

Rub well together. Said to be useful in 
psora, and other cutaneous eruptions. 

Ker 



Ointment of Tannin and Bismuth. 
R. Yellow wax, strained, one 

tro3'Ounce. 
Linseed oil, three troyounces. 
Melt together, stir, and add 

Tannic acid, one drachm. 

Subnitrate of bismuth, twenty 

grains. 
Mix thoroughly. Recommended as an ap- 
plication to burns. Binkerd. 



BISMUTHI TAN ^ T AS. 
Tannate of Bismuth. 
R. Crystallized nitrate of 

bismuth, eleven drachms. 

Dissolve in water with the aid of a little 
nitric acid, and pour the solution gradually 
into an excess of caustic soda solution, wash 
the precipitate well, and triturate it with 

Tannic acid, five drachms. 

"Wash the product upon a strainer with wa- 
ter and dry it with a gentle heat. Dorvault. 
A yellowish insoluble and tasteless pow- 
der ; given in diarrhoea in doses of ten to 
thirty grains ; it is readily suspended in 
mucilage or syrup. 



BISMUTHI VALERIANAS. 

Valerianate of Bismuth. 
R. Subnitrate of bismuth, 

thirty-two parts. 
Form a thin pulp with sufficient distilled 
water, and add solution of 

Carbonate of sodium, twelve 

parts. 
Distilled water, thirty parts. 

Valerianic acid, nine parts. 



BISTOETA.— 'BKATEEA ANTHELMINTIC A. 177 



Agitate the mixture at a moderate heat, for 
an hour, cool, collect the precipitate upon a 
filter, wash with cold water, arid dry. 

Ph. Germ. 
A white insoluble powder, having the 
odor of valerianic acid. Dose, one to five 
grains. 



BISTORTA. 

Bistort. 

This is the root of the Polygonum Bistorta, 
a native of Europe, and also found in the 
northern parts of this country, growing in 
wet situations. 

(Sfex. Syst. Octand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Poly- 
gonacere. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 516. Lindley, Fl. Med. 361. 

The part employed is the root ; this is 
bitter and austere, especially in a fresh state. 
It is a powerful astringent, but is seldom 
used in this country. The dose of the pow- 
der is twenty or thirty grains, three or four 
times a day. 



Infusion of Bistort. 

R. Bistort, one ounce. 

Boiling water, two pints. 

Infuse for two hours, and strain. Recom- 

mended in passive hemorrhages. Radius. 



Astringent Clyster. 

R. Bistort, one ounce. 

Poppy heads, two drachms. 

Water, one pint. 

Infuse, and strain. As an injection, in 
diarrhoea and chronic dysentery. 

Guibourt. 



Extract of Bistort. 

R. Powdered bistort, one pound. 
Water, sufficient. 

Exhaust by the process of displacement, 
and evaporate the filtered fluid. 

Pharm. Rosp. Mil. 



R 



Mixture of Bistort. 

Powdered bistort, two drachms. 

Syrup of quince, one ounce. 

Rub together, and add 

Tincture of catechu, two 

fl. drachms. 

Water, four fl. ounces. 

A spoonful every hour, shaking the bottle 
each time, in passive hemorrhages, and 
atonic mucous discharges. Foy. 



BOLETUS LARICIS. 
White Agaric. 

A parasitic fungus growing on the trunk 
of the larch, in many parts of Europe. It 
is destitute of smell, but the taste, at first 
vapid and farinaceous, becomes bitter, acrid, 
and nauseous. -Formerly much used as a 
purgative, in doses of half a drachm to a 
drachm. It has lately been thought to be 
very efficacious in arresting the colliquative 
sweats in phthisis. 



Powder of Agaric. 

R. Powdered agaric, twelve grains. 
White sugar, two drachms. 

Mix well, and divide into six powders. One 
to be given at night, against colliquative 
sweats. Radius. 



Powder of Agaric and Opium. 

R. Powdered agaric, eighteen grains. 

" opium, three grains. 

u gum Arabic, two 

drachms. 

Mix, and divide into nine powders. One 
to be given at night, against colliquative 
sweats. Radius. 



Pills of Agaric and Opium. 

R. Powdered agaric, fifteen grains. 
Extract of opium, two grains and 

a half. 
Mix, and form six pills. One or two at 
bedtime, in same cases as above noticed. 

Rayer. 



BBAYERA ANTHELMINTICA. 

Cusso. Kousso. 

Kousso is the flowering tops, intermixed 
with some unripe fruit, of the Brayera An- 
thelmintica, an Abyssinian tree about twenty 
feet high. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Ro- 
sacese. 

Grifiith, Med. Bot. 272. 

The flowers are small, pale-greenish, or 
brownish-red, on hairy pedicels ; taste fee- 
bly acrid, and unpleasant ; the odor evolved 
by boiling is very fragrant. They are ex- 
clusively used for expelling the tapeworm. 
Dose, two to four drachms in the form of 
powder or infusion. 



Infusion of Kousso. 

R. Flowers of kousso, half an ounce. 
Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 
Macerate for fifteen minutes, without strain- 
ing. Brit. Ph. 



178 



BE O MINIUM. — BRUCIA, 



A little lemon-juice to be swallowed, and 
the infusion being stirred up, the whole is 
taken, liquid and powder, at two or three 
draughts, at short intervals, being washed 
down with cold water and lemon-juice. To 
promote the operation, tea may be taken. 
In three or four hours, if the remedy has 
not operated, a dose of castor oil, or a saline 
purgative, should be administered. 

Jon. Pereira. 



BROMINIUM. 

Bromine. 

This elementary substance has much an- 
alogy to iodine in its chemical characters, 
and resembles it somewhat in its action on 
the system. It is a dark red, volatile liquid, 
having a very caustic taste and a disagree- 
able odor, and being sparingly soluble in 
water. It has been employed in broncho- 
cele, scrofula, chronic cutaneous diseases, 
and hypertrophy of the heart. 



Solution of Bromine. 

R. Bromine, one part. 

Distilled water, forty parts. 

Mix. Dose, six drops several times a day, 

gradually increasing the dose. Pourch6. 



Alcoholic Solution of Bromine. 
R. Bromine, ten drops. 

Alcohol, one ounce. 

Mix. As an external application. The 
strength to be increased five drops to the 
ounce, daily. Fournet. 



Lotion of Bromine. 
R. Bromine, twenty to thirty drops. 
Water, one pint. 

Mix. For scrofulous ulcers.- Glover. 

H. Bromine, eight drachms. 

Bromide of potas- 
sium, three drachms. 
W ater, sufficient to make 
four fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. Asa local application in hospital 
gangrene, erysipelas, and sloughing sons. 

Goldsmith. 



Bromine Ointment. 

R. Bromine, ten grains. 

Bromide of potas- 
sium, twenty grains. 



Lard, 



Mix. 



one ounce. 
Magendie. 



BRUCIA. 

Brucine. 

R. Powdered false Angustura 

bark, at will. 

Treat it three times with water, acidulated 
with muriatic acid, mix the liquids, evapo- 
rate, add milk of lime, wash the precipitate, 
dry, and treat it with alcohol ; evaporate 
this, and combine the residue with sulphuric 
acid, dissolve the salt in water, treat with 
animal charcoal, crystallize, redissolve in 
water, and precipitate by means of am- 
monia. Cottereau. 
A highly poisonous alkaloid, obtained 
from the bark of the strychnos mix vomica, 
or false Angustura bark. It is white, very 
bitter, and readily soluble in alcohol, but 
with difficulty in water. Acts on the sys- 
tem like strychnia, but with less energy, 
and has been given in same class of dis- 
eases. Dose, one-quarter to half a grain. 



Pills of Brucia. 
R. Brucia, twelve grains. 

Conserve of roses, half a drachm. 
Mix, and divide into twenty-four pills. One 
to be given morning and evening, gradu- 
ally increasing the dose. Foy. 



Solution of Brucia. 

R. Brucia, six grains. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 

Sugar, two drachms. 

Mix. A tablespoonful, morning and even- 
ing. Magendie. 



Tincture of Brucia. 

R. Brucia, eighteen grains. 

Alcohol (0.847), one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. Six to twenty-four drops in some 
demulcent drink. Soubeiran. 



BRUCIA ACETAS, MURIAS, 
ET SULPHAS. 

Acetate, Muriate, and Sulphate 
op Brucia. 

These are all made by the same process, 
using for each the appropriate acids. 

R. Brucia, at will. 

Acetic acid, sufficient. 

Put the brucia in a porcelain capsule on a 
water-bath ; pour a small quantity of water 
on it, and then add the acid very gradually, 
constantly stirring till perfect saturation 
takes place ; filter, evaporate to one-half, 
and then crystallize. Cottereau. 

Used for the same purposes as the pure 
alkaloid, and in like doses. 



BEY ONI A. — BUOHIT 



179 



BRYONIA. 
Bryony. 

The roots of two species of bryony are 
used in medicine, the B. alba, and B. dioica, 
the first in England, the latter in other 
parts of Europe ; but are identical in their 
sensible properties and action on the sys- 
tem. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. syngen. Nat. Syst. Cu- 
c* 11 t* V)i t"n.' c* P3P 

Linn. Sp. PI. 621. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
311. 

The part used is the root ; this is acrid and 
purgative, causing copious, watery stools, 
in doses of ten grains to two scruples. It 
has also some reputation as a cataplasm. 



Cataplasm of Bryony. 
R. Juice of bryony root, 

Crumb of bread, each, sufficient 
to form a cataplasm. Used as an applica- 
tion to engorged glands of the neck. 

Barthez. 



Compound Cataplasm of Bryony. 
R. Rasped bryony root, three ounces. 

Elder flowers, one ounce. 

Ammoniac, half an ounce. 

Chloride of ammonium, two drms. 

Conium leaves, two ounces. 

Yinegar, sufficient. 

Mix, and heat. An application to scrofu- 
lous tumors. Plenck. 



Wine of Bryony. 

R. Bryony root, one ounce. 

White wine, one pint. 

Boil gently, and filter. To be taken in 

wineglassfuls, in dropsies. Huf eland. 



BUCHXJ. 
Buchu. 

Buchu consists of the leaves of several 
species of Diosma, or more properly Baros- 
ma, especially of B. betulina, crenata, crenul- 
ata, and serratifolia. They are small shrubs, 
natives of the Cape of Good Hope. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Rutacea^. 

Linn. Sp. PI. (Diosma) 287. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 191. 

These leaves have a strong, somewhat 
aromatic odor, and a bitterish, aromatic 
taste. They are gently stimulant and diu- 
retic, and are much used in diseases of the 
urinary organs, and also in some other com- 
plaints. The dose, in substance, is from 
twenty to thirty grains. 



Infusion of Buchu. 

R. Buchu leaves, one troyounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for two hours, in a covered vessel, 

and strain. U. S. Ph. 

The infusion of Brit. Ph. is made from 
one ounce of leaves with twenty ounces of 
boiling water. 

The dose is from one to two fluidounces. 



Compound Infusion of Buchu. 

R. Buchu leaves, 

Uva ursi, each, half an ounce. 

Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 
Digest for half an hour, strain, and add 

Syrup of seneka, half a fl. ounce. 

One or two spoonfuls every two hours, in 
atony of the bladder, and mucous discharges. 

Radius. 



Tincture of Buchu. 

R. Buchu leaves, five ounces. 

Proof spirit, two pints (imp.). 
Macerate and displace. Brit. Ph. 

Dose, from one to four fl. drachms. 



Extract of Buchu. 

R. Buchu, in coarse powder, one 

pound. 

Ether, four fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. 

Displace without maceration, add diluted 
alcohol until a pint of ethero-alcoholic 
tincture is obtained ; suffer this to evapo- 
rate spotaneously ; treat the residue in the 
displacer, with diluted alcohol, till two 
pints are obtained ; evaporate to a syrup ; 
add the product of the first tincture, and 
with a gentle heat concentrate to the proper 
consistence. W. Procter. 



Fluid Extract of Buchu. 

R. Buchu, in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troy ounces. 

Alcohol, sixteen fl. ounces. 

Moisten the powder with six fl. ounces of 
the alcohol, pack firmly in a percolator, add 
the remaining ten fl. ounces, and macerate 
for four days ; then, with alcohol, displace 
twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first 
fourteen, evaporate the remaining tincture 
to two fl. ounces, and mix with the reserved 
portion. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, twenty to thirty minims. 



180 



BUXUS. — CACAO 



BUXUS. 

Box. 

The box is a shrub or small tree, native 
of the south of Europe, but now generally- 
cultivated in this country. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. triand. Nat. Syst. Eu- 
phorbiaceae. 

The parts used are the wood and leaves. 
The first is sudorific and possesses somewhat 
the properties of guaiacum ; the latter are 
purgative, but neither are now used. The 



following preparation, however, has ob- 
tained some celebrity in the cure of gonor- 
rhoea and in epilepsy. 



Oil of Box. 

R. Rasped box-wood, sufficient. 

Distil, separate the oil, and rectify it. 

Dose, four to five drops, three times a 
day. Wirtemberg Ph. 



c. 



CACAO. 

Cacao. Chocolate Nuts. 

These are the seeds of Theobroma Cacao, 
a small tree, indigenous to South America. 
They are also produced from some other 
sources. 

Sex. Syst. Polyadelph. pentand. Nat. Syst. 
Byttneriacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1100. Lindley, Flor. Med. 
138. 

The nuts are of an almond shape, and con- 
sist of a brownish, sweetish, somewhat ole- 
aginous substance, covered by a leathery- 
like shell. They are principally used as an 
article of food, but are also employed in 
medicine. 



Compound Cacao Powders. 
Palamoud. 
R. Roasted cacao, half a pound. 

Rice flour, 

Potato starch, each, two pounds. 
Red saunders, powdered, 

one ounce. 
Mix. A drachm to an ounce, boiled in 
water, as a restorative diet. Soubeiran. 



Racahout des Arabes. 
R. Roasted cacao, two ounces 

Potato starch, 

Powdered salep, 

Sugar, 

Vanilla, 

Mix. Two or three spoonfuls boiled with 
eight fl. ounces of water, form a nutritious 
diet for the convalescent. Foy. 



five ounces. 

one ounce. 

eight ounces. 

sufficient. 



Wakaka des Indes. 

R. Roasted cacao, two ounces. 

Sugar, five ounces and a half. 

Powdered cinnamon, two drachms. 

" vanilla, thirty-six grs. 



Anibergris, three grains. 

Musk, one grain and a half. 

Mix. Half a drachm, boiled with milk or 
water. More stimulating than the last. 

Guibourt. 



R 



Simple Chocolate. 
Caracas cacao, 
Para cacao, 

each, three hundred parts. 

Powdered sugar, five hundred 

parts. 
" cinnamon, three parts. 
Remove the shells and clean the cacao care- 
fully ; pound the seeds in a hot mortar until 
reduced to a paste, and gradually mix the 
sugar and cinnamon with it. Pour the 
mass upon a hot slab, and work it with a 
roller or mallet into a uniform paste, which 
is transferred into moulds and cooled. 

Paris Codex. 



Compound Cacao Paste Chocolate. 
Vanilla Chocolate. 

R. Cacao paste, six pounds. 

Sugar, ten pounds. 

Vanilla, eleven drachms. 

Triturate thoroughly together, and form 

cakes. Cottereau. 



R 



Aromatic Chocolate. 

Cacao, 

Sugar, each, sixteen ounces. 

Powdered cinnamon, half an ounce. 

Cloves, two drachms. 

Cardamom, 

Vanilla, each, one drachm. 

Triturate together, and form cakes. 

Weiglebt. 



CADMIUM. CADMII SULPHAS, 



181 



Salep Chocolate. 

R. Simple chocolate, 

one hundred parts. 

Powdered salep, three parts. 

Triturate together, with the aid of heat, 

and form into cakes. Paris Codex. 



"White Chocolate. 
R. Sugar, six pounds. 

Rice flour, one pound, twelve 

ounces. 
Potato starch, eight ounces. 

Gum Arabic, four ounces. 

Tincture of vanilla, half fl. ounce. 
Butter of cacao, eight ounces. 
Boiling water, sufficient. 

Triturate well, into a stiff paste. 

Cottereau. 

These afford a good article of diet, for 

convalescents and debilitated persons, when 

boiled with water or milk. The last is the 

least stimulating. 



Chocolate Cream. 

R. Boiling milk, sixteen parts. 



Sugar, 
Yolk of egg, each, 
Ground cacao, 
Mix, and boil srently. 



two parts, 
one part. 

Beral. 



Butter or Oil of Cacao. 

R. Cacao, roasted, at will. 

Reduce to a paste in a warm iron mortar, 
triturate on a stone slab, add a fifth part 
boiliDg water, place in a bag, and express 
between two heated metal plates ; melt the 
product, and, on cooling, separate the water. 
Used for making suppositories. Guibourt. 



Butter of Cacao Mixture. 

R. Butter of cacao, three ounces. 

Oil of almonds, one ounce and 

six drachms. 

Syrup of red poppies, one ounce. 

Orange-flower water, 

four drachms. 
Mix. As a soothing demulcent in catarrh. 
In spoonful doses. ' Cadet. 



Butter of Cacao Ointment. 

R. Butter of cacao. 



Oil of almonds, 
Melt oyer a water-bath. 



equal parts. 
Guibourt. 



CADMIUM. 

Cadmium. 

A soft, crystallizable, ductile, volatilizable 
metal, not used in medicine in its metallic 
state, but affording the following remedial 
salts. 

In its general effects, cadmium resembles 
the corresponding zinc salts, but is regarded 
to be about ten times more powerful. 



CADMII IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Cadmium. 

It is formed by the direct combination of 
iodine with, the metal in the presence of 
water, and forms crystalline scales, having 
a pearly white lustre. It is used externally 
in place of iodide of lead, the yellow color 
of which is sometimes objectionable. 



Ointment of Iodide of Cadmium. 
R. Iodide of cadmium, sixty-two 

grains. 

Simple ointment, one ounce. 

Mix thoroughly. Brit. Ph. 



CADMII SULPHAS. 
Sulphate of Cadmium. 
R. Cadmium, eight drachms. 

Nitric acid, 
Distilled water, 

each, sixteen drachms. 

Dissolve with the aid of heat, filter, and 
precipitate with an aqueous solution of 

Carbonate of 

sodium, twenty-four drachms. 
"Wash the precipitate, and dissolve in 
Sulphuric acid, seven drachms. 
Water, thirty drachms. 

Evaporate to one-third and crystallize. 

U. S. Ph. 
Used in solution and ointment, as an ap- 
plication in chronic ophthalmia. 

Solution of Sulphate of Cadmium. 
R. Sulphate of cadmium, 

two grains. 
Laudanum, twenty drops. 

Rose water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. As a wash in chronic ophthalmia. 

Guibourt. 

R. Sulphate of cadmium, eight grains. 
Water, one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. Used as a wash in otorrhcea. 

LincTce. 



182 



CAHISTCA. — CALAMUS 



Ointment of Sulphate of Cadium. J Melt the wax and lard, and as they thicken, 
R. Sulphate of cadmium, one or sti ^ m the calamine 

+w^ n-vQina Tnis cerate is much used for excoriations, 

T , it, ulcerations, etc. 

Lard, one drachm. 

Mix. As an application in spots on the 
cornea. Radius. 



CAHINCA. 

Cahinca. 

This is the root of Chiococca anguifuga, 
a shrub growing in Brazil. Its effects are 
those of a diuretic, and it has chiefly been 
employed in dropsical diseases. Dose, 
twenty to forty grains. 



Extract of Cahinca. 
R. Powdered cahinca, one part. 

Diluted alcohol, seven parts. 

Macerate twelve hours, then introduce into 
a displacer, exhaust, and evaporate to con- 
sistence of an extract. 

Dose, ten to twenty grains. 



Decoction of Cahinca. 
R. Bruised cahinca, two drachms. 
Water, one pint and a half. 

Boil to one-half, and strain. 
Dose, a tablespoonful. Von Langsdorff. 



CALAMINA. 

Calamine. 



This is a native impure carbonate of zinc, 
found in large quantities in England and 
Germany. The pure carbonate will be de- 
scribed under the head of Zinc; it is now 
almost exclusively employed in place of 
calamine. 



Prepared Calamine. 
R. Calamine, at will. 

Heat to redness and pulverize; then reduce 
to a very fine powder, as directed for pre- 
pared chalk. U. 8. Ph. 1850. 

Used externally, as a mild astringent 
and absorbent, to excoriations and ulcera- 
tions, and also as an ingredient of cerates, 
etc. 



Calamine Cerate. 
(Turner's Cerate.) 

R. Prepared calamine, 

Yellow wax, each, three ounces. 
Lard, one pound. 



CALAMUS. 

Calamus. 

This is the rhizome of Acorus Calamus, 
an indigenous plant found in most parts of 
the United States, in wet situations. It also 
grows in Europe and Asia. 

Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Ototi 1"i s\ ppip 

Linn. Sp.Pl. 462. Griffith, Med. Bot. 620. 

The part employed is the root ; this has a 
fragrant odor, and a warm, bitterish, aro- 
matic taste. It is a stimulant tonic, and 
aromatic. The dose, in substance, is from 
a scruple to a drachm. 



Electuary of Calamus. 

R. Powdered calamus, 

two drachms and a half. 
Powdered valerian, 

one drachm and a half. 
Syrup of orange peel, two ounces. 
Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours. 

Shubarth. 



Infusion of Calamus. 

R. Calamus, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse for a quarter of an hour, and strain. 
Dose, a wineglassful or more. 



Compound Infusion of Calamus. 

R. Calamus, ten drachms. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse and strain, then add 

Peppermint water, two fl. ounces. 

Muriatic ether, one drachm 

and a half. 

Syrup, one ounce. 

Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful, in disordered 
digestion. Augustin. 



Tincture of Calamus. 

R. Calamus, bruised, one part. 

Alcohol (0.892) five parts. 

Macerate for eight days,, and filter. 

Ph. Germ. 



CALCIUM. OALCII CAEBONAS. 



183 



Compound Tincture of Calamus. 

R. Contused calamus, ^ 

" ginger, ! each, 

" coriander, ( one ounce. 

Black pepper, J 

Alcohol, two pints and a half. 

Macerate for four days, and filter. Dose, 
forty to fifty drops as a stomachic and car- 
minative. Niemann. 

R. Contused calamus, 
M gentian, 





each, 


three ounces. 


(£ 


geum, 


two ounces 
and a half. 


({ 


angelica, 


one ounce 
and a half. 


t( 


ginger, 


half an ounce. 


U 


fennel, 


two ounces. 


Alcohol, 




twelve pints. 


Macerate for 


six days, and filter. A tea- 


spoonful in wine. 


Tromsdorff. 



Fluid Extract of Calamus. 

R. Powdered calamus, sixteen 

troyounces. 
Stronger alcohol, sufficient. 

Pack the powder, moistened with four fl. 
ounces of the alcohol, in a percolator, add 
twelve fl. ounces of alcohol, and macerate 
for four days ; then displace twenty-four fl. 
ounces, reserving the first fourteen, evapo- 
rate the remainder to two fl. ounces and 
mix with reserved portion. 



Extract of Calamus. 

Exhaust calamus with diluted alcohol 
and evaporate to the proper consistence. 

Ph. Germ. 
Dose, five to ten grains. 



CALCIUM. 

Calcium. 

CALCII BROMIDUM. 

Bromide of Calcium. 

It is prepared by neutralizing hydrobromic 
acid with pure carbonate of calcium, filter- 
ing, and evaporating. Recommended in in- 
somnia, delirium tremens, and other ner- 
vous disorders. Dose, ten to thirty grains, 
in solution. 



R 



Mixture of Bromide and Lactophos- 
phate of Calcium. 

Bromide of 

calcium, one troyounce. 

Syrup of lactophosphate 
of calcium, four fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Dose, a teaspoonful three times 
a day, in a little water. 

W. A. Hammond. 



CALCII CARBONAS 

Carbonate op Calcium. 



Precipitated Carbonate of Calcium. 
R. Solution of chloride 

of calcium, five pints and a half. 
Carbonate of sodium, 

seventy-two troyounces 

dissolved in six pints of distilled water. 
Mix while hot. Wash the precipitate 
three times, and dry. U. S. Ph. 



at will. 



Prepared Chalk. 
R. Chalk, 

Add a little water, and rub to fine powder. 
Throw into a vessel of water, and stir ; 
pour off liquid while yet turbid, into an- 
other vessel, and permit chalk to subside ; 
pour off water, and dry the precipitate. 



Prepared Oyster Shell. 
R. Oyster shell, at will. 

Free it from extraneous matter, wash with 
boiling water, reduce to powder, and pro- 
ceed as with chalk. U. S. Ph. 
As an antacid in bowel affections. In 
doses of from ten to forty or more grains, 
often repeated. 



Aromatic Powder of Chalk. 

R. Prepared chalk, eleven ounces. 



Powdered sugar, 



cardamom, 
cloves, 



twenty-five 

ounces. 

one ounce. 

one ounce 

and a half. 



" nutmeg, 

" saffron, 

each, three ounces. 
" cinnamon, four ounces, 

Mix well- and pass through a fine sieve. 

Brit. Ph. 
Stimulant, astringent, and antacid ; use- 
ful in diarrhoea, with acidity, but without 
inflammation. Dose, ten to sixty grains. 



184 



CALCII CHLOEIDUM, 



Compound Powder of Chalk with 
Opium. 

R. Aromatic powder of chalk, nine 

ounces and three-quarters. 

Powdered opium, a quarter ounce. 

Mix well. Brit. Ph. 

In diarrhoea of adults, in doses of ten to 
forty grains, after each evacuation. 



Dentifrice Powder with Carbonate 
of Calcium. 

R . Powdered cuttlefish bone, } ■, 

Peruvian bark, t ^ 
" myrrh, ) F 

Mix. Pierquin. 

R. Prepared chalk, } each, 

C arbonate of magnesium , v 100 
Powdered cinchona, ) parts. 

Essence of mint, one part. 

Mix. Paris Codex. 



Lozenges of Chalk. 
R. Prepared chalk, four troy ounces. 
Gum Arabic, powdered, one 

troyounce. 
Nutmeg, powdered, one drachm. 
Sugar, u six troy ounces. 

Rub together till mixed ; mix with sufficient 
water to form mass ; divide into four hun- 
dred and eighty lozenges. U. S. Ph. 
As a mild antacid astringent, in diarrhoea. 



Dentifrice Electuary. 
R. Powdered red coral, four ounces. 

" cuttlefish 



bone, 
cinnamon, 
cochineal, 



" alum, 

Oil of cloves, 
Honey, 



Mix. 



one ounce. 

one ounce. 

half an 

ounce. 

half a drachm. 

six drops. 

ten ounces. 

Taddei. 



Chalk Mixture. 

R. Prepared chalk, half an ounce. 

Glycerin, half a fl. ounce. 

Powdered gum Arabic, two 

drachms. 

Cinnamon water, 

Water, each, four fl. ounces. 

Rub them together until thoroughly mixed. 

U.S. Ph. 
A tablespoonful, as may be required. 



R. Prepared chalk, 



one drachm 
and a half. 



White sugar, 
Gum Arabic, each, 
Oil of cinnamon, 
Tincture of opium, 



one drachm. 

two drops. 

forty to fifty 

. drops. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful, every two hours, in 

diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis. 



Compound Chalk Mixture. 

R. Chalk mixture, five fl. ounces. 

Aromatic confection, one drachm. 

Solution carbonate 

ammonium, one fl. drachm. 

Laudanum, twenty minims. 

Mix. A tablespoonful, occasionally, in 
diarrhoea. Ainslie. 



CALCII CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride op Calcium. 

R. Chalk, five ounces. 

Muriatic acid, 
Water, each, ten fl. ounces. 

Mix the acid and water, and gradually add 
the chalk. When all action ceases, filter, 
and evaporate to dryness. Fuse, and pour 
out on a stone slab ; when cool, break in 
fragments, and preserve in well-stopped 
bottles. Lond. Ph. 1836. 



Cataplasm of Chloride of Calcium. 
R. Chloride of calcium, 
" soda, 

each, half an ounce. 

Water, half a pint. 

Linseed meal, sufficient. 

Make a cataplasm. In scrofulous and 
white swellings. Swediaur. 



Solution of Chloride of Calcium. 

R. Marble, in small pieces, six 

tro3 r ounces. 

Muriatic acid, twelve troyounces. 

Distilled water, half a pint. 

Mix the liquids, add the marble gradually, 

apply a gentle heat, decant, and evaporate 

to dryness. Dissolve the residue in one 

and a half times its weight of distilled 

water, and filter. U. S. Ph. 

Dofee, thirty drops two or three times 

a day, gradually increased ; to be given in 

milk, or some demulcent Used in scrofula, 

goitre, tabes mesenterica, etc. 



CALCII HTPOPHOSPHIS. — CALCII OXIDUM. 185 



Mixture of Chloride of Calcium. 
R. Chloride of calcium, one drachm. 
Extract of henbane, ten grains. 
Syrup of liquorice, one ounce. 
Water, six ounces. 

Mix. 
fula. 

R. Chloride of calcium, one drachm. 

Almond mixture, seven fl. ounces. 

Syrup of gum Arabic, one 

fl. ounce. 



A spoonful four times a day in scro- 

Phoebus. 



Mix. 



A teaspoonful every three hours. 

Graft. 



Pills of Chloride of Calcium. 
R. Chloride of calcium, one drachm. 
Extract of opium, nine grains. 
Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, sufficient. 

Mix. and make fifty-four pills. One every 
two or three hours, iu gonorrhoea, gradu- 
ally increasing the dose, until eight, ten, or 
twelve are taken every hour. Grdfe. 



CALCII HTPOPHOSPHIS. 

Hypophosphite op Calcium. 

It is prepared by boiling one part of phos- 
phorus and four parts of burned lime in 
about fifty parts of water until combination 
has been effected, then filtering from the 
excess of lime, evaporating and purifying 
by recrystallization. 

Thehypophosphites of potassium, sodium, 
and ammonium are obtained by decom- 
posing the solution of the former with a so- 
lution of the alkaline carbonate. 

Hypophosphite of iron is obtained from 
any of the alkaline hypophosphites by pre- 
cipitating with solution of tersulphate of 
iron. 

Hypophosphorous acid is made by accu- 
rately precipitating hypophosphite of cal- 
cium with oxalic acid. 

These preparations are used as nervine 
tonics in phthisis, nervous debility, etc., in 
doses of two to fifteen grains. 



R 



Syrup of Hypophosphites. 

Hypophosphite of calcium, 

two hundred and fifty-six grs. 
Hypophosphite of sodium, 

one hundred and ninetj^-two grs. 
Hypophosphite of potassium, 

one hundred and twenty-eight 
grains. 
Hypophosphite of iron, 

ninety-six grains. 
Hypophosphorous acid, sufficient. 



Sugar, twelve troyounces. 

Fluid extract of vanilla, half 

an ounce. 

Water, sufficient. 

Dissolve the iron salt in hypophosphorous 
acid, the other salts in six fl. ounces of 
water, mix and add water to make nine 
fl. ounces ; in this dissolve the sugar and 
add the vanilla. Each fl. drachm contains 
about five grains of the hypophosphites. 

Procter. 



R 



Solution of Hypophosphites. 

Hypophosphite of calcium, 
Hypophosphite of potassium, 

each, four grains. 

Hypophosphite of sodium, 

six grains. 
Glycerin, two fl. drachms. 

Water, one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. Dose, forty drops thrice daily in 
water, in remittent fevers of childhood. 

Purdon. 



CALCII IODIDUM. 
Iodide of Calcium. 

R. Iodide of iron, at will. 

Precipitate with an excess of slaked lime, 
evaporate to dryness, dissolve in distilled 
water, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. 

Magendie. 



Pills of Iodide of Calcium. 

R. Iodide of calcium, ten grains. 

Extract of savine, twelve grains. 

Mix, and divide into four pills. One every 

four hours. In amenorrhoea, with scrofula. 

Brer a. 

R. Iodide of calcium, ten grains. 

Extract of aconite, six grains. 
Mix, and divide into six pills. One every 
four hours. In chronic bronchitis and tu- 
bercular phthisis. Brera. 



CALCII OXIDUM. 
Calx. Lime. 

R. Chalk, one pound. 

Break into small pieces, and calcine in a 
strong fire for an hour. Lond. Ph. 1836. 



Lime Water. 
R. Lime, four troyounces 

Distilled water, 



one gallon. 



186 



CALCII OXIDUM. 



Slake the lime with a little of tbe water, 
add the remainder, stir well, and let stand 
for three hours. Keep in well-stopped bot- 
tles. U. S. Ph. 



Compound Lime Water. 

R. Rasped guaiacuin wood, half 

a pound. 
Contused liquorice root, one 

ounce. 

Contused sassafras bark, half 

an ounce. 

Contused coriander seeds, three 

drachms. 

Lime water (wine meas.), six pints. 

Macerate for two days in a closed vessel, 

and filter. Dub. Ph. 1826. 



Saccharated Solution of Lime. 

R. Slaked lime, one ounce. 

Refined sugar, two ounces. 

Distilled water, twenty ounces. 
Triturate lime and sugar together, transfer 
to a bottle containing the water, shake oc- 
casionally for a few hours, then separate 
the clear solution with a siphon. Its sp. 
gr. is 1.052. Dose, fifteen to sixty minims. 

Brit. Ph. 



Lime Water and Carbonate of 
Potassium. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, two 

drachms. 

Lime water, two pints. 

Dissolve. As an antilithic a wineglassful 

every two hours, in same quantity of new 

milk. Ellis. 



Lime Water and Milk. 

R. Lime water, 

New milk, equal parts. 

Mix. As an antacid, and to remove sick- 
ness of the stomach. Dose, one to two ta- 
blespoon fuls. Ellis. 



Antacid Mixture. 

R. Lime water, four fl. ounces. 

Solution of potass:i, 
Syrup of orange-peel, 

each, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. Dose, a spoonful in a cup of water. 
Found useful in dyspepsia and heartburn. 

Cuulcy. 



Liniment of Lime. 
R. Linseed oil, three fl. ounces. 

Lime water, six fl. ounces. 

Make a liniment. As an application to 
burns and scalds. Ellis. 

R. Lime water, 

Linseed oil, equal measures. 

Mix. Used like the preceding, under the 
name of Carron oil. 

U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. 



Liniment of Lime Water and Alcohol. 

R. Alcohol, two fl. ounces. 

Lime water, half a pint. 

Mix. In same cases as the last. Ellis. 



Liniment of Lime Water and Opium. 
R. Lime water,") 

Linseed oil, v equal parts. 

Laudanum, ) 

Mix. In the same cases, and as an embro- 
cation to allay pain. Augustin. 



Liniment for Sore Breasts. 
R. Lime water, 

Almond oil, each, three drachms. 

Extract of opium, one grain. 

Mix. The breasts are to be covered with 
lint dipped in this mixture. Niemann. 



Liniment of Lime and Sulphur. 
R. Lime, 

Sulphur, each, two ounces. 



Olive oil, 



sufficient. 



Mix. As a friction in scabies. Giannini. 



Lime Ointment. 
R. Lime, one ounce. 

Linseed oil, three ounces. 

Mucilage of quince 



seeds, 



two ounces. 



Mix well. In burns and scalds. Radius. 

R. Slaked lime, one drachm. 

Carbonate of sodium, two drachms. 

Extract of opium, ten grains. 

Lard, two ounces. 

Rub well together. In obstinate cutaneous 
affections. Biett. 

R. Slaked lime, 

Laudanum, each, half a drachm. 
Cucumber ointment, four drachms. 

Hub well together. As an application to 
hemorrhoidal tumors. Guibourt. 



CALCII PHOSPHAS. — CALCII SULPHUEETUM. 187 



R Lime, 

Sulphur, each, 
Chloride of sodium, 
Lard, 
Olive oil, 



two ounces. 

one ounce. 

one pound. 

two pounds. 



Mix well. 



As a friction in itch. 

Ferrara Ph. 



CALCII PHOSPHAS. 

Phosphate op Calcium. 

R. Bone, calcined to whiteness, 

in powder, four troyounces. 
Muriatic acid, eight troj^ounces. 
Water, sufficient. 

Dissolve the bone in the acid and a pint of 
water, dilute with another pint of water, 
precipitate with excess of ammonia, add to 
the magma twice its bulk of boiling w r ater, 
collect upon a strainer, wash well, and dry 
at a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, ten to thirty grains. 

R. Marble, twenty parts. 

Muriatic acid, 

Distilled water, each, fifty parts. 
Digest for several hours, decant and add 

Chlorinated lime, one part 

previously diffused in water. Digest for 
several hours, add water of ammonia until 
in slight excess, filter and precipitate by a 
solution of 

Phosphate of sodium, fifty parts, 

In 

Distilled water, 

three hundred parts. 

Collect, wash, and dry the precipitate. 

Ph. Germ. 



Burnt Hartshorn. 
R. Burn pieces of hartshorn in an 
open vessel till quite white, and pre- 
pare them as directed for chalk. 

Lond. Ph. 1836. 
Has been thought efficacious in mollifies 
ossium and rachitis, but probably inert. 
Dose, twenty grains, or more. 



Syrup of Phosphate of Calcium. 

R. Phosphate of 

calcium, one hundred and 

twenty-eight grains. 
Glacial phosphoric 

acid, half an ounce. 

Sugar, seven and a half ounces. 
Water, four fl. ounces. 

Essence of lemon, twelve drops. 



Mix the phosphate with the water, and 
heat in a sand-bath, gradually adding the 
phosphoric acid. Add water enough to 
compensate for the evaporation, then dis- 
solve the sugar, and when cold add the 
essence of lemon. Each teaspoonful con- 
tains two grains of phosphate and four 
grains of phosphoric acid. A. B. Durand. 



Syrup of Lactophosphate of Calcium. 

R. Chloride of 

calcium, one troy ounce. 

Phosphate of 

sodium, four troyounces. 

Concentrated lactic 

acid, one troy ounce. 

Dissolve the salts separately in water, mix 
the solutions, wash the precipitate well, 
dissolve in the acid, and mix with sufficient 
syrup to make two pints and a half. 

E. Chiles. 



Dentifrice Powder of Phosphate of 
Calcium. 

R. Phosphate of calcium, 

eighteen parts. 

White bole, 

Gum lac, each twelve parts. 

Cinnamon, one part. 

JVtyrrh, two parts. 

Powder well, and mix. Van Mons. 



Dentifrice Electuary of Phosphate of 
Calcium. 

R. Powdered phosphate of calcium, 

two ounces and a half. 

" gum lac, one ounce. 

" cinnamon, one drachm 

and a half. 

" cloves, one scruple. 

Syrup of lemon, sufficient. 

Make a soft electuary. Van Mons. 



CALCII SULPHURETUM. 

SULPHURET OF CALCIUM. 

R. Quicklime, seven parts. 

Sulphur, four parts. 

Pulverize, and heat for two hours in a cov- 
ered crucible. Guibourt. 

R. Quicklime, three parts. 

Sulphur, one part. 

Water, five parts. 

Mix, and boil gently ; evaporate to dryness, 
stirring. Keep in tight bottles. Codex. 

Stimulant and diaphoretic. Dose, five to 
ten grains. 



188 



CALX CHLORINATA 



Compound Pills of Sulphuret of 
Calcium. 

R. Sulphuret of calcium, one drachm. 
Powdered cinnamon, 
Extract of aconite, each, 

fifteen grains. 

" mallows, sufficient. 

Mix, and make sixty pills. Dose, four, 

three or four times a day, in gout and 

chronic rheumatism. Phoebus. 



Liniment of Sulphuret of Calcium. 
R. Sulphuret of calcium, one ounce. 
Oil of juniper, two drachms. 

Dippel's animal oil, ten drops. 
Mix well. As an embrocation in gout. 

Augustin. 



CALX CHLORINATA. 
Chlorinated Lime. 

It is obtained by passing chlorine gas over 
slaked lime, until it is saturated. It is de- 
siccant and disinfectant, and is also used to 
ill-conditioned ulcers, burns, chilblains, to 
some cutaneous affections, etc. 



Preservative Liquid. 

R. Water, sixteen parts. 

Chlorinated lime, four parts. 

Alum, two parts. 

Nitre, one part. 

Mix. Said to be very efficient for the pre- 
servation of anatomical preparations. 

Reboulet. 



Lozenges of Chlorinated Lime. 
R. Chlorinated lime, two drachms. 
Sugar, eight ounces. 

Starch, one ounce. 

Tragaoanth, one drachm. 

Cochineal, three grains. 

Rub well together, and make lozenges of 
three grains each. One to be taken three 
or four times a day, in cases of bad breath. 

Dcschamps. 



Solution of Chlorinated Lime. 
R. Chlorinated lime, one pound. 

Distilled water, ten pounds. 

Triturate together and afterwards Bhake 
frequently for three hours; strain through 
muslin. Brit. Ph. 



Cullutory of Chlorinated Lime. 
R. Chlorinated lime, fifteen to thirty 

grains. 
Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, one fl. ounce. 

Syrup of orange 

peel, half fl. ounce. 

Mix. To be applied by means of a piece 
of sponge or camel's-hair brush, to ulcers in 
the mouth. Angelot. 

R. Chlorinated lime, three drachms. 

Distilled water, 

Alcohol, each, two fl. ounces. 

Oil of roses, four drops. 

Dissolve, and filter. A teaspoonful in a 
glass of water, to correct fetid breath. 

Chevallier. 



Chlorinated Lime Dentifrice. 

R. Chloride of lime, four grains. 

Powdered red coral, two drachms. 
A toothbrush, slightly wetted, to be dipped 
in this powder, and rubbed on the teeth. 

Magendie. 

Compound Injection of Chlorinated 
Lime. 

R. Chloride of lime, two drachms. 
Decoction of rhatany, 

thirteen fl. ounces. 
Dissolve, and filter. As an injection in 
ozena, three or four times a day. 

Detmold. 



Ointment of Chlorinated Lime. 
R. Chlorinated lime, one drachm. 
Lard, one ounce. 

Hub together. In scrofulous swellings. 

Cima. 

R. Chlorinated lime, half a drachm. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Rub together. In goitre. Werneck. 

R. Chlorinated lime, 

Borate of sodium, each, one 

drachm. 
Lard, one ounce. 

Rub together thoroughly. In chilblains. 

Trusen. 

R. Chlorinated lime, one drachm. 

Powdered digitalis, two drachms. 

Vinegar, two scruples. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Rub together. In indolent glandular tu- 
mors. Phoebus. 



CALENDULA. — CALOTEOPIS, 



189 



Liniment of Chlorinated Lime. 
R. Chlorinated lime, half a drachm. 
Hub in a glass mortar, adding gradually, 

Rose water, one fl. ounce, 

and when quite clear, 

Oil of almonds, one fl. ounce. 

As an application in tinea capitis. 

Trusen. 



CALENDULA. 

Marigold. 

This is the officinal name of Calendula 
officinalis, a plant indigenous to Europe, and 
often cultivated in gardens in this country 
as a pot herb. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. necess. Nat. Syst. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1304. Lindley, Flor. Med. 
466. 

The parts used are the herb, flowers, and 
fruit. Their smell is peculiar, and somewhat 
aromatic ; the taste is feebly bitter, and a 
little acrid. It was formerly much used, 
but had fallen into disuse, when, of late 
years, it has again been brought forward as 
a remedy in cancerous affections. 



Extract of Marigold. 
R. Marigold, one part. 

Tepid water, four parts. 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil for a 
quarter of an hour, express, boil residue 
with four parts of water, express, mix two 
decoctions, and evaporate to proper con- 
sistence. Guibourt. 



Pills of the Extract of Marigold. 
R. Extract of marigold, ") , , 

" cicuta (each, two 

Subcarbonate of 'iron, \ d ™ chms - 
Powdered marigold, one drachm 
and a half. 
Mix well, and divide into pills of two grains 
each. Five or six are to be taken three 
times a day in scirrhous and cancerous 
affections. Rust. 



Lotion of Extract of Marigold. 

R. Extract of marigold, 

" cicuta, each, three 

drachms. 

Cherry-laurel water, two ounces. 

Tincture of opium, half an ounce. 

Mix. As a lotion to cancerous ulcerations. 

Rust. 



Infusion of Marigold. 

R. Marigold flowers, three drachms. 
Boiling water, sufficient 

to obtain five ounces; infuse, and add to 
the strained liquid 

Syrup of orange-peel, half an 

ounce. 

Dose, two spoonfuls, three times a day. 

Radius. 



Liniment of Marigold. 

R. Marigold flowers, three drachms. 

Water, five fl. ounces. 

Boil to three ounces, strain, and add 

Extract of marigold, one drachm. 

Tar, two ounces. 

Pyroligneous acid, half an ounce. 

Gum Arabic, sufficient. 

Mix. As an application to cancerous ulcers. 

Radius. 



CALOTROPIS. 

MUDAR. 

The Calotropis gigantea is a native of the 
East Indies, and is now naturalized in 
several of the West India Islands. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Asclepiadacese. 

Brown, Tr. Wern. Soc. 1, 29. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 456. 

The part used is the bark of the root ; 
this is of a whitish color, inodorous, but 
with a bitter, nauseous taste. It is purga- 
tive, alterative, and diaphoretic, and has 
been highly spoken of in the treatment of 
elephantiasis and lepra. Dose, three grains 
to thirty ; in the latter dose it is emetic and 
purgative. 



Infusion of Mudar. 

R. Mudar, three drachms. 

Boiling water, eight ounces. 

Infuse, and strain. As an alterative, one 
to two fl. drachms ; as an emetic, two fl. 
ounces. Cassanova. 



Pills of Mudar. 
R. Powdered mudar, one drachm. 
Honey, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and divide into pills of 
four grains. Two or three to be taken 
daily as an alterative in lepra, etc. 

Cassanova. 



Oil of Mudar. 

R. Powdered mudar, one drachm. 



Olive oil. 



seven ounces. 



190 



CALUMBA, 



Infuse for half an hour over a water-bath, 
and strain. As an application to leprous 
sores. Cassanova. 



CALUMBA, 

COLUMBO. 

Col umbo is the root of Jateorrhiza palmata 
and calumba (Cocculus palmatus), a climb- 
ing plant, a native of Mozambique. 

Sex. Syst. Dioec. bexand. Nat. Syst. Me- 
nispermacese. 

Hooker, Bot. Mag. 2970-71. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 103. 

As found in the shops, the root is in round 
slices, externally of a brown, wrinkled ap- 
pearance, internally yellow. It is some- 
what aromatic, and has a very bitter taste. 
It is an excellent bitter tonic, with no as- 
tringency. It is useful in diseases where the 
pure bitters are required, and generally 
agrees with the stomach. Dose, in powder, 
is from ten to thirty grains. 



B 



Powder of Columbo and Iron 

Powdered columbo, 
Subcarbonate of iron, 
Powdered rhubarb, 
" ginger, 

Mix, and make twelve powders ; one to be 
taken every four hours. A. T. Thomson. 



each, one 
drachm. 



Powder of Columbo and Magnesia. 

B. Powdered columbo, ten grains. 
Magnesia, two scruples. 

Mix for a dose. In cardialgia. 

Brugnatelli. 



Powder of Columbo and Tartrate of 
Iron. 

B. Tartrate of iron and 

potassium, two scruples. 

Powdered columbo, half a drachm. 

Mix, and divide into four powders. One 

every three or four hours, in syrup. Ellis. 



Compound Pills of Columbo. 
B. Powdered columbo, four scruples. 

Opium, four grains. 

Oil of peppermint, ten drops. 

Syrup of pinks, sufficient. 

P>eat into mass, and form thirty pills. 
Two, three times a day, in spasmodic vom- 
iting. St. Marie. 

B. Powdered columbo, one drachm, 
rhubarb, two scruples. 



Extract of chamomile, 



two 
drachms. 



. Oil of caraway, five drops. 

Syrup of saffron, sufficient. 

Form mass, and divide into pills of four 

grains. Four to be taken a day, in mania 

with amenorrhoea. Augustin. 



Infusion of Columbo. 
B. Colombo in powder, 

No. 40, half a troyounce. 

Water, sufficient. 

Moisten powder with two fl. drachms of 
water, pack, and percolate one pint. Heat 
infusion to the boiling point and strain 
when cold. Or macerate columbo in a pint 
of boiling water for two hours, and strain. 

U. S. Ph. 

B. Columbo, cut small, half an ounce 

(avoir.). 
Cold distilled water, ten fl. 

ounces. 
Macerate for an hour, and strain. Brit. Ph. 



Infusion of Columbo and Ginger. 

B. Bruised columbo one ounce. 

" ginger, two drachms. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse, and strain. A wineglassful cold, 

every two hours, in chronic diarrhoea. 

Ellis. 



Infusion of Columbo, Rhubarb, etc. 
E. Bruised caraway, } each 
" columbo, y ' 
" . rhubarb, ) ° 

Boiling water, sufficient for three 
and a half fl. ounces. 
Digest for two hours, strain, and add 
Tincture of rhu- 



barb. 



one fl. drachm. 



Syrup of ginger, two fl. drachms. 
Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful to a tablespoon- 
ful, in diarrhoea. Ellis. 



Mixture of Columbo. 
B. Columbo, half a drachm. 

Boil in 

Water, three to five fl. ounces. 

Strain, and add 
Carbonate of 

potassium, ten grains. 

Lemon juice, three fl. drachms. 
Tincture of opium, twelve drops. 
Mix. A tea- to a tablespoonful, every hour, 



as an anti-emetic. 



Ellis. 



CAMPHORA, 



191 



Compound Decoction of Columbo. 
R. Columbo, 

Quassia, each, two drachms. 

Orange-peel, one drachm. 

Rhubarb, one scruple. 

Carbonate of 

potassium, half a drachm. 

Water, twenty fl. ounces. 

Boil down to a pint, strain, and add 

Tincture of lavender, half fl. ounce. 

Coxe. 



Fluid Extract of Columbo. 
R. Columbo in powder, 

No. 60, sixteen troyounces. 

Gtycerin, two fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, fourteen fl. ounces. 

Moisten powder with four fl. ounces of the 
mixed liquids, pack in a percolator, add 
the remaining mixture, and macerate for 
four days ; then with a mixture of two 
parts of alcohol and one of water displace 
twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first 
fourteen, evaporate the remainder to two 
fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. 
Dose, ten to thirty minims. U. S. Ph. 



R. Columbo, bruised, one part. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.914, five parts. 

Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 
Paris Codex. 
Dose, half to two fl. drachms. 



Concentrated Tincture of Columbo, 
R. Columbo in powder, 

No. 60, sixteen troyounces. 

Alcohol, sufficient- 

Obtain, by slow displacement, two pints. 
Dose, half a teaspoonful. 

Maryland Coll. Ph. 



Extract of Columbo. 
R. Columbo cut small, one pound 

(avoir.). 
Distilled water, four pints (imper.). 
Macerate with half the water for twelve 
hours, strain and press ; macerate as before 
with other half, strain and press, filter the 
liquors, and evaporate by means of a water 
bath to proper consistence. Dose, two to 
ten grains. Brit. Ph. 

R. Bruised columbo, one part. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.914, eight parts. 

Macerate with six parts of alcohol for ten 
days and express ; macerate residue with 
two parts of alcohol for three days ; distil 
strained liquors, and evaporate to proper 
consistence. Paris Codex. The extract of 
Ph. Germ, is made with diluted alcohol. 



Tincture of Columbo. 

R. Columbo, bruised, four ounces. 
Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by percolation two pints of tinc- 
ture. U. 8. Ph. 

The tincture of Brit. Ph. is about the 
same strength, made by maceration with 
proof spirit sp. gr. 0.920. 

Dose, one to four fl. drachms. 



Mixture of Columbo and Cascarilla. 

R. Powdered columbo, half an ounce. 

Water, ten fl. ounces. 

Boil to six ounces, add, towards close, 

Cascarilla, two drachms. 

Strain, and add 

Tincture of orange- 
peel, two drachms. 

Syrup of cinnamon, one ounce. 

A spoonful every hour, in chronic diarrhoea. 

Berends. 



Mixture of Columbo and Salep. 
R. Extract of columbo, one drachm. 

Decoction of salep, three ounces. 

Fennel sugar, two scruples. 

Mix. Two spoonfuls a day, in the diarrhoea 
of children. Wendt. 



CAMPHOKA. 
Camphor. 

A peculiar white, crystallizable, semi- 
transparent, volatile product of several 
plants ; but that used in medicine is ob- 
tained from the Camphora officinarum, an 
evergreen tree, of considerable size, indige- 
nous to China and other Asiatic countries. 
The volatile oil is likewise employed. 

Sex. Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat. Syst. 

Nees. Laurin. 88. Griffith, Med. Bot, 553. 

Camphor has narcotic, diaphoretic, seda- 
tive properties, and is employed in a variety 
of diseases, and used externally, as an ano- 
dyne. The dose is from three to ten grains. 
Camphor can be powdered by trituration 
with a few drops of alcohol. 



Camphor Powder. 

R. Camphor nine grains. 

Sugar, one drachm. 

Mix, and divide into nine powders. 

Augustin. 



192 



CAMPHOEA, 



Compound Camphor Powder. 
B. Powdered camphor, 

Myrrh, each, two drachms. 

Peruvian bark, 

Chamomile, each, half an ounce. 

Charcoal, one ounce. 

Mix. Dose, two scruples, or more, in gan- 
grene. Rust. 

B. Powdered camphor, 

Benzoic acid, each, six grains. 

Sugar, one drachm. 

Mix, and divide into four powders. As an 
antispasmodic and sedative. Saunders. 

B. Powdered gum Arabic, one ounce. 

" orange-peel, 

u sugar, each, two 

drachms. 

" camphor, ten grains. 

" opium, five grains. 

Mix. A teaspoonful every hour. Amnion. 

Said to have been useful in cholera. 



Camphor Pill 

B. Powdered camphor, " 

Sugar, 

Starch, 

Crumb of bread, 
Mix, and make twenty pills 


s. 

each, one 
scruple. 

Augustin. 



Compound Camphor Pills. 
B. Powdered camphor, twenty-four 

grains. 

" musk, eight grains. 

opium, two grains. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Beat into a mass, and divide into twelve 

pills. In hospital gangiene. Dwpuytren. 



Pills of Camphor and Lactucarium. 
B. Camphor, 

Lactucarium, each, fifty grains. 
Mix, and make twenty pills. Four to six 
daily, as an aphrodisiac. Ricord. 



Pills of Camphor and Musk. 
B. Camphor, one scruple. 

Musk, ten grains. 

Ammoniac, two scruples. 

Opium, four grains. 

Mix, and divide into four grain pills. 
Dose, four or live in a day, in nervous dis- 
orders. Richard. 



Camphor Water. 
B. Camphor, two drachms. 

Alcohol, forty minims. 

Carbonate of 

magnesium, four drachms. 

Distilled water, two pints. 

Bub the camphor with the alcohol, then 

with the magnesia, and afterwards with 

the water gradually added, and filter. 

U. S. Ph. 
Brit. Ph. directs to secure half an ounce 
of camphor inclosed in a muslin bag, at 
the bottom of a bottle containing ten 
pounds of water, and to pour off the solu- 
tion as required. 

Dose, one or two tablespoonfuls, to be 
repeated as occasion may require. 



Camphor Water and Laudanum. 

B. Camphor water, four fl. ounces. 
Compound spirit of 

lavender, two fl. drachms. 

Tincture of opium, forty to fifty 

drops. 
Mix, A tablespoonful, every two hours, 
in diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis. 



Camphor Water and Nitric Acid. 
(Hope's Mixture.) 

B. Camphor water, four fl. ounces. 

Nitric acid, four drops. 

Tincture of 

opium, forty to fifty drops. 

Mix. In the same dose, and in the same 
complaints, as the last. Ellis. 

B. Nitrous acid, one fl. drachm. 

Laudanum, forty drops. 

Camphor water, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix. Dose, one or two fl. ounces every 
three hours, in dysentery. Hope. 



Camphor Water and Hoffmann's 
Anodyne. 

B. Camphor water, ten fl. drachms. 

Laudanum, forty drops. 

Spirit of sulphuric 

ether, one fl. drachm. 

Syrup of poppies, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. To prevent a paroxysm of inter- 
mittent fever. To be given just before its 
accession. Gregory. 

B. Camphor water, four fl. ounces. 

llolfmann's anodyne, two 

fl. drachms. 



CAMPHOEA. 



193 



Mix. A dessertspoonful, every hour or two, 
in some demulcent drink. In nervous affec- 
tions and sleeplessness in fevers. Ellis. 



Infusion of Camphor. 
R. Camphor, one ounce. 

Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 
Pour the water on the camphor, let stand 
till cold, and keep in well-stopped bottle. 
Dose, a tablespoonful, every hour or two, 
in nervous pervigilium and nervous irrita- 
bility. Ellis. 



Wine of Camphor. 
R. Powdered gum Arabic, 

" camphor, each, one part. 

Good white wine, forty-eight parts. 

Triturate well together. Ph. Germ. 

A turbid mixture. Dose, a teaspoonful 

to a tablespoonful. 



Camphor Mixture. 
R. Powdered camphor, one drachm. 
" gum Arabic, 

" white sugar, each, 

one drachm and a half. 

Tincture of opium, forty drops. 

Mint water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, in 

low conditions of the system. Ellis. 

R. Camphor water, three fl. ounces. 
Compound spirit of 

lavender, one fl. ounce. 

Sugar, one drachm. 

Mix. Give a tablespoonful every two hours, 
in diarrhoea and cholera morbus, adding 
ten drops of laudanum, when there is much 
pain. This is the celebrated mixture of 

Dr. Jos. Parrish. 

R. Powdered camphor, one scruple. 
" gum Arabic, one 

drachm. 
" sugar, sufficient. 

Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. To relieve the pain in dysmenorrhoea. 
One-half to be given as soon as pain is felt ; 
if not relieved in an hour or two, the re- 
mainder to be taken. Dewees. 

R. Powdered camphor, half a drachm. 

" gum Arabic, two 

drachms. 

sugar, three drachms. 

Vinegar, half an ounce. 

Water, six ounces. 

Mix. As a stimulant. Phoebus. 

13 



Emulsion of Camphor. 
R. Camphor, 

Olive oil, each, one drachm. 

Powdered gum 

Arabic, half an ounce. 

Water, four fl. ounces. 

Triturate the camphor and oil together, 
until uniformly mixed ; add the gum, and 
then the water gradually, triturating till 
the emulsion is formed. W. Procter. 



Camphor and Milk. 
R. Camphor, one drachm. 

Boiling milk, four fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. To be used as a stimulant. 

Ellis. 



Camphor with Myrrh. 

R. Powdered camphor, one drachm. 

" myrrh, half a drachm. 

" sugar, two drachms. 

Water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours. 

Ellis. 



Spirit of Camphor. 

R. Camphor, four ounces. 

Alcohol two pints. 

Dissolve. U. S. Ph. 

Most other pharmacopoeias direct one 

part of camphor to nine parts of alcohol. 

Chiefly used as an anodyne embrocation. 
Dose, ten to twenty drops. 



Tincture of Camphor and Saffron. 

R. Camphor, one ounce. 

Saffron, one scruple* 

Alcohol, one pint. 

Macerate for a day, and filter. Guibourt. 

As a lotion, or fomentation. 



Ethereal Tincture of Camphor. 

R. Camphor, one ounce. 

Sulphuric ether, eight fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Swediaur. 

Dose, twenty to thirty drops, in wine, as 

a stimulant and antispasmodic. 



Mixture of Tincture of Camphor. 

R. Tincture of camphor, 

Goulard's extract, equal parts. 
Mix. As a lotion, several times a day, to 
parts disposed to ulcerate by constant de- 
cubitus. Tott. 



194 



CAMPHORA, 



Mixture of Camphor and Chloroform. 
R. Camphor, one drachm. 

Chloroform, half a fl. drachm. 

Mix, and add 

Yolk of egg, one. 

Triturate, and add gradually 



Water, 

As a stimulant. 
fl. half ounce. 



six fl. ounces. 

Dose, two fl. drachms to 
Keating. 



Mixture of Camphor and Ether. 
R. Camphor, one scruple. 

Sulphuric ether, two drachms. 
Dissolve, and add 

Laudanum, twenty drops. 

Cinnamon water, six ounces. 

Mix. A spoonful every three or four hours 
as a stimulant. Augustin. 



Lotion of Camphor. 
R. Spirit of camphor, one part. 

Sea salt, six parts. 

Water, one hundred parts. 

Officinal ammonia 

water, twelve parts. 

This is RaspaiVs Sedative Water, No. 1. 

Paris Codex. 

In No. 2 the ammonia water is increased 

to sixteen, and in No. 3 to twenty parts. 

In cerebral congestions, rheumatic affec- 
tions, etc. 



Camphor Liniment. 
(Camphorated Oil.) 
R. Camphor, three troyounces. 

Olive oil, twelve troyounces. 

Dissolve the camphor in the oil. U. S. Ph. 
Paris Codex and Ph. Germ, direct one 
part of camphor to nine parts of the oil. 
As an anodyne embrocation. 



Compound Camphor Liniment. 
R. Camphor, two ounces and a half. 
Stronger solution of 

ammonia, five fl. ounces. 

Oil of lavender, one fl. drachm. 

Alcohol, fifteen fl. ounces. 

Dissolve; camphor and oil in alcohol, add 

ammonia gradually, shaking until clear. 

Brit. Ph. 
A rubefacient and anodyne embrocation. 

R. Camphor, one drachm. 

Oil of chamomile, 

Wine of opium, each, two drachms. 

Oil of hyoscyamus, one ounce. 
Mix. Augustin. 



Liniment of Camphor and Vinegar. 
R. Tincture of camphor, three 

fl. ounces. 

Acetic acid, one fl. drachm. 

Mix. As a lotion or embrocation. Ellis. 



Ethereal Camphor Liniment. 



R. Soft soap, 
Alcohol, each, 

Dissolve and add 
Camphor, 

dissolved in 

Sulphuric ether, 

As an embrocation. 



one ounce, 
half an ounce 

one fl. ounce. 

Saunders. 



"Ward's Essence for Headache. 

R. Camphor, two ounces. 

Rectified spirit, fourteen ounces. 

Water of ammonia, two ounces. 

Oil of lavender, half an ounce. 
Mix. As an application to the forehead, 
etc., in headache. Redwood. 



Camphor Water Mixture. 

R. Camphor water, 

Solution of acetate of 

ammonium, each, half a fl. oz. 
Antimonial wine, 
Tincture of opium, 

each, twenty drops. 

Mix. To be taken at bedtime, as a stimu, 
latin g diaphoretic. Ellis, 



Camphor Clyster. 

R. Camphor, one drachm, 

Olive oil, two ounces. 

Mix. An excellent enema in cases of asca- 
rides, to be used for three or four successive 
nights. Ellis. 

R. Common clyster, two pints. 

Camphor, * two drachms. 

Yolk of egg, one. 

Mix. A fourth part to be injected at a 
time. To be employed as occasion may 
require in low fevers. Chaussier. 



Camphorated Tooth Powder. 

R. Prepared chalk, fifteen ounces. 

Powdered camphor, one ounce. 

M ix, and pass through a fine sieve. Cooley. 



CAMPHOEA MONOBEOMATA, 



195 



Camphor Ointment. > 

R. White wax, one ounce. 

Lard, nine ounces. 
Melt together, and add 

Powdered camphor, three ounces. 

Mix. Paris Codex. 



Compound Camphor Ointment 

R. Lard, 
Suet, 

Oil of bayberries 
Wax, 

Melt together, and add 

Camphor, 
Said to be efficacious as an application to 
chilblains. Radius. 



each, 

half an ounce, 



one drachm. 



R. Fresh butter, 
Spermaceti, 
White wax. 



three drachms. 

two drachms. 

three ounces. 

Melt together, and add 

Powdered camphor, 

Oxide of zinc, each, three grains. 

To be applied in chronic inflammation of 

the eyelids, to the affected parts, at night. 

Mat emit e. 

R. Camphor, one drachm. 

Basilicon ointment, one ounce. 

Soap, jhalf an ounce. 

Powdered mustard, one scruple. 
Mix. As an external application in lum- 
bago. Ferriar. 



Camphor Collyrium. 

R. Camphor water, six fl. ounces. 
Solution acetate of 

ammonium, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. A mild astringent and stimulant in 
inflammation of the eyes. '. Ellis. 



Liniment of Camphor and Turpentine. 
R. Oil of turpentine, fifteen parts. 
Camphor, one part. 

As a stimulating embrocation. 

Beral. 



Mix. 



Nitrate of Camphor. 

R. Nitric acid, at will. 

Camphor, sufficient 

to saturate. Decant. Ten drops every 

two hours, on sugar, or in syrup, in chronic 



pleurisy. Also used as a friction in rheu- 
matism and palsy. Van Mons. 



Camphorated Cough Mixture. 

R. Camphor, half a scruple. 

Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, three ounces. 

Syrup of mallows, one ounce 

and a half. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours. 

Saunders. 



CAMPHORA MONOBROMATA. 

Monobromated Camphor. 

R. Camphor, thirteen troy ounces. 
Bromine, twelve troyounces. 

Put the camphor into a quart retort, fill- 
ing first its neck with some of the broken 
camphor ; place the retort with its beak suf- 
ficiently elevated to return any liquid which 
may condense there back into the retort ; 
lengthen the beak by connecting it with a 
glass tube two feet in length, bent down at 
its farther end, and by means of India-rubber 
and glass tubing made to dip into water, 
either pure or containing an alkali or a car- 
bonate to combine with the hydrobromic 
acid which is evolved during the operation. 
Add the bromine in four or five portions, 
using towards the last not over two ounces 
at a time ; after each addition of bromine 
apply heat, just sufficient to start the re- 
action, remove the .heat at once, let the re- 
action proceed spontaneously, and after- 
wards allow the retort to cool before more 
bromine is added. After all the bromine 
has been used, insert a thermometer, heat 
the retort very gradually to about 270°, let 
it cool to 130°, add gradually twelve ounces 
Of petroleum benzin, and pour the solution 
into a beaker-glass containing some warm 
water and pieces of marble ; stir occasion- 
ally while cooling, and after twelve hours 
collect the crystals upon a funnel, wash 
them, and afterwards recrystallize from 
benzin once or twice until the crystals are 
not colored brown on exposure to light and 
air. More crystals may be obtained from 
the mother liquors by evaporating the sol- 
vent, heating the residue gradually at 500°, 
and recrystallizing the black mass repeatedly 
from petroleum benzin. Maisch. 

It has a camphoraceous odor and taste, is 
volatile, insoluble in water, and freely soluble 
in alcohol and ether. It is a sedative to the 
nervous system, and given in hourly doses 
of two grains or more, until from twenty to 
sixty grains have been taken in twenty-four 
hours. Deneffe. 

Dose, in infantile convulsions, one grain ; 
in hysteria and nervous headache, three or 
four grains; two or three doses usually afford 
relief. It is best given in the form of pill 
with conserve of roses, or suspended in 
mucilage and syrup. Hammond. 



196 



CANELLA. — CANNABIS. 



CANELLA. 

Canella. 

This is the bark of the Canella alba, a 
large tree, native of Jamaica aud other West 
India islands. 

Sex. Syst. Dodecand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Meliaceae. 

Swartz, Trans. Linn. Soc. 1. 96. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 181. 

The part used is the bai'k, which is of a 
pale orange-yellow color, with an aromatic 
odor, and a warm, bitterish, pungent taste. 
It is principally used as an adjuvant to other 
remedies. The dose, as a stimulant, is from 
ten grains to a scruple. 



Powder of Canella and Aloes. 
R. Aloes, one pound. 

Canella, three ounces. 

Rub into a fine powder, and mix. This is 
much used in amenorrhcea. Dose, ten to 
twenty grains. U. S. Ph. 

R. Powdered aloes, one drachm 

and a half. 

" canella, eighteen grains. 

" serpentaria, twelve grs. 
Mix, and divide into six powders. Give one 
powder, every three hours, in syrup. This 
and the preceding are generally termed 
hiera picra. 



Ellis. 



Tincture of Hiera Picra. 
R. Powder of aloes and 

canella, one ounce and a half. 
Brandy, one pint. 

Macerate ten days. 

A popular and most efficient remedy in 
amenorrhcea. Dose, a teaspoonful. 

Ellis. 

CANNABIS. 
Hemp. 

The Cannabis saliva is an annual plant, a 
native of Asia, but generally cultivated in 
Europe and the United States. The Bast 
[ndian plant is more powerful in its action 
on the system than that growing in more 
temperate climates, and is the kind most 
generally used inmedicine. It is designated 
in the U. 8. I'll, as Cannabis Indica, and the 
flowering tops of the same plant cultivated 
in this country are recognized under the 
name of Carmabia Americana. 

Bex. Syst. Dicec. pentand. Nat. Syst. Can- 
nabinacese. 

Linn. Sp. I>1. I4r,7. Griffith, Med. Bot. 572. 

The parts used are the seeds, the leaves, 
will) the flowering tops and portions of the 

stems ; i ho Latter are covered with a resinous 
exudation, which is narcotic and intoxi- 
cating. They have; been recommended in a 
variety of diseases of a formidable cha- 
racter. 



Extract of Indian Hemp. 
R. Dried Indian hemp, twelve 

troyounces. 
Exhaust by percolation with alcohol, distil, 
and evaporate to the proper consistence. 

U. S. Ph. 
The extract of American hemp is pre- 
pared in the same manner. The other phar- 
macopoeias direct maceration or digestion 
of the hemp tops in alcohol. 

Has been given with success in tetanus, 
hydrophobia, cholera, etc. Dose, one to ten 
grains. To be increased as occasion may 
require. 

Purified Extract of Hemp. 

R. Commercial extract of 

hemp, one ounce. 

Alcohol, four fl. ounces. 

Dissolve, let the dregs subside, decant and 
evaporate the clear solution on a water- 
bath, to the consistence of an extract. 
Dose, half a grain. U. S. Ph. I860. 



Tincture of Hemp. 

R. Extract of hemp, one ounce. 

Rectified spirit, (imp.) a pint. 

Dose, five to twenty minims, in neuralgia, 
etc. Brit. Ph. 

U. S. Ph. directs to dissolve six drachms 
of the extract in one pint of alcohol ; Ph. 
Germ, dissolves one part of extract in 
nineteen parts of alcohol. 



R. Indian hemp, 
Alcohol, 



one part, 
sufficient. 



Obtain by percolation five parts of tincture. 
Paris Codex. 
In tetanus, one drachm every half hour, 
till some effect is produced. In cholera, 
ten drops every half hour; in other dis- 
eases, every two hours. O'Shaughnessy. 



Emulsion of Hemp-seed. 

R. Hemp-seed, bruised, six drachms. 

Gum Arabic, one drachm. 

Parsley water, five fl. ounces. 

Rub together so as to form emulsion, strain, 

and add 

Syrup of balsam of 

Peru, one ounce. 

A spoonful every hour in gonorrhoea. 

Radius. 



Resin of Hemp. 
R. Dried hemp-tops, bruised, at will. 
Macerate several times in warm water, and 
then in a solution of carbonate of sodium : 



CANTHAKIS 



197 



afterwards, wasTi well with water, pressing 
after each operation. Dry, and digest in 
rectified spirit, to which milk of lime, con- 
taining an ounce of lime to each pound of 
hemp-tops, has been added. Filter, add a 
slight excess of sulphuric acid ; again filter, 
distil off most of the spirit, add to the resi- 
due three or four times its bulk of water, 
evaporate the rest of the spirit, decant the 
water, wash and dry. Dose, two-thirds of 
a grain. Smith. 



CANTHARIS. 
Spanish Fly. 

The Cantharis vesicatoria is an insect in- 
habiting those parts of Europe in which the 
vine grows naturally. It has a fetid odor 
and an acrid taste. The body is oblong, of 
a golden-green color. Spanish flies are 
stimulant, diuretic, rubefacient, and vesi- 
cant. They are used internally in dropsies, 
and in various disorders of the urinary 
organs ; externally, to irritate or vesicate. 
Several species are natives of the United 
States, which are not inferior in their pow- 
ers to the foreign insect. Cantharidin, their 
active principle, is soluble in ether, chloro- 
form, the oils, and boiling alcohol. Dose 
of the flies, one to two grains. 



Powder of Cantharides and Savine. 

R. Powdered cantharides, two grains. 
" savine, one drachm. 

Mix, and divide into four powders. One 
to be taken at night as an emmenagogue, 
watching its effects closely. Ellis. 



Powder of Cantharides and Camphor. 

R. Powdered cantharides, 

four grains. 

u camphor, eight grains. 

Sugar of milk, three drachms. 

Mix, and divide into eight powders, one to 

be given twice a day as a diuretic. 

Augustin. 



Pills of Cantharides and Camphor. 

R. Powdered cantharides, 

eighteen grains. 
" opium, 

" camphor, each, 

thirty- six grains. 
Mix, and form into thirty-six pills. One to 
be taken at bedtime, in cases of impotency 
from general debility. Ellis. 



Pills of Cantharides and Iron. 

R. Powdered cantharides, 

one scruple. 
Subcarbonate of iron, 

two scruples. 
Extract of liquorice, one drachm. 
Form a mass, and divide into pills of one 
grain each. Dose, three or four, three 
times a day, gradually augmenting the 
dose. As a diuretic. Meissner. 



Pills of Cantharides and Capsicum. 

R. Powdered cantharides, five grains. 

" capsicum, eight grains. 

" camphor, one scruple. 

" guaiacum, one drachm. 

Tincture of colocynth, sufficient. 

Form mass, and divide into eighty pills. 

Dose, one, gradually increasing to four or 

five, twice a day, in paraplegia. 

Sundelin. 



Infusion of Cantharides. 
R. Cantharides, one scruple. 

Boiling water, sufficient 

to obtain three ounces of infusion, after di- 
gesting for half an hour, and straining. 

Soubeiran. 



Acetic Infusion of Cantharides. 
R. Powdered cantharides, 

two ounces and a half. 

Acetic acid, two pints. 

Digest for fourteen days and filter. Ee- 
commended for blistering of the scalp with- 
out removing the hair. Mettauer. 



Emulsion of Cantharides. 

R. Cantharides, one scruple. 

Sweet almonds, six drachms. 

Sugar, one ounce. 

Beat together, and gradually rub up with 

Lime water, ten ounces. 

Strain. A spoonful every two or three 
hours in neuralgia, and in catarrh of the 
bladder. Berends. 

Hufeland's formula, recommended in 
hooping-cough, substitutes hot water for 
the lime water. 



Emulsion of Oil of Cantharides. 
R. Oleo-infusion of cantharides, 

one drachm and a half. 
Yolk of egg, one. 

Gum Arabic, two drachms. 



198 



CANTHARIS 



Hone}", one tro} 7 ounce. 

Juniper water, three tro} T ounces. 
Make an emulsion. A spoonful, in dropsy, 
mania, etc. It is one of the most conveni- 
ent preparations for the internal adminis- 
tration of cantharides. Guibourt. 



Vinegar of Cantharides. 
R. Powdered cantharides, 

two ounces. 
Glacial acetic acid, two fl. ounces. 
Acetic acid, sufficient. 

Add the glacial acetic acid to thirteen fl. 
ounces of acetic acid, and digest the can- 
tharides in the mixture for two hours, at a 
temperature of 200°. When cool transfer 
to a percolator and percolate with 5 fl. 
ounces of acetic acid. Express residue, 
filter, add filtrate to percolate and enough 
acetic acid to obtain twenty fl. ounces. 

Brit. Ph. 
As an epispastic, or as a rubefacient 
lotion. 



Tincture of Cantharides. 
R. Cantharides, bruised, one ounce. 
Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement two pints of tinc- 
ture, U. S. Ph. 
A very convenient mode of administer- 
ing cantharides. Dose, from ten to twenty 
drops. Also useful as a rubefacient. The 
tincture of the Brit. Ph. is less than half 
this strength. 

R. Powdered cantharides, one part. 

Alcohol, ten parts. 

Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. 

Paris Codex and Ph. Germ. 

More than three times stronger than 

tincture of U. S. Ph. It is better adapted 

for liniments, hair washes, etc. 



Camphorated Tincture of Cantharides. 
R. Tincture of cantharides, 

half an ounce. 
Camphor, three drachms. 



A Icohol. 
Mix. As a rubefacient. 



two ounces. 
Pierc[uin. 



Compound Tincture of Cantharides. 



R. Cantharides, 
Mustard, 
Black pepper, 
( lamphor, 
Garlic, 
Vinegar, 
Alcohol, 



one drachm. 

each, 

half an ounce. 

one bulb. 

six ounces. 
twelve ounces. 



Macerate for some days, express, and filter. 
Said to be very effectual as a rubefacient 
lotion in rheumatism, etc. Foy. 

R. Tincture of cantharides, 
Extract of rosemary, 



each, 



one drachm. 



Solution of carbon- 
ate of potassium, one drachm 
and a half. 
Water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. As a lotion to promote the growth 
of hair, where it has been lost from an 
eruption, or from fever. Sachse. 



Tincture of Cantharides and 
Guaiacum. 

R. Powdered cantharides, one 

drachm. 
minioniim foilry-five 

grains, 
one drachm 
and a half. 
" shell-lac, half a drachm. 
Alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. 

Digest, and strain. Dose, from thirty to 
fifty drops, night and morning, in some de- 
mulcent. In gleet. Ellis. 



guaiacum, 
Contused rhubarb. 



Ethereal Tincture of Cantharides. 
R. Powdered cantharides, one part. 
Acetic ether, ten parts. 

Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 
Paris Codex. 
As a rubefacient and vesicant lotion ; it 
is very energetic. 

R. Powdered cantharides, 

three ounces. 
Spirit of nitrous ether, two pints 
and a half. 
Digest for eight days, and filter. 

Used for the same purposes as the last. 

Mettauer. 



Blistering Liquid. 
R. Powdered cantharides, eight 

ounces. 
Acetic acid, four fluidounces. 

Kther, sufficient. 

Mix cantharides and acid, pack in a perco- 
lator, macerate for twenty-four hours, and 
displace slowly with ether until twenty 
fluidounces are obtained. Brit. Ph. 



Cantharidal Ether. 
R. Powdered cantharides, one part. 
Sulphuric ether, two parts. 



CA3STTHARIS 



199 



Digest for three days, and express. The 
product is a green oil containing cantha- 
ridin, resin, and coloring matters. If the 
undiluted oil be brushed a few times over 
a part, it causes vesication. Oettinger. 



Camphorated Ethereal Tincture of 
Cantharides. 

R. Powdered cantharides, one part. 

Nitrate of camphor, three parts. 

Alcohol, fifty-six parts. 

Digest and express, and filter at the end of a 
few days. Advised in dropsy in dose of ten 
to twenty drops, in white wine. Van Mons. 



Extract of Cantharides. 
R. Powdered cantharides, one part. 
Alcohol of 60 per cent., six parts. 
Moisten the cantharides with alcohol, pack 
into a percolator, macerate for twelve 
hours, and pour on remainder of alcohol. 
Continue the displacement with water until 
the percolate commences to render the tinc- 
ture turbid. Distil and evaporate to pro- 
per consistence. Paris Codex. 



Ethereal Extract of Cantharides. 
R. Powered cantharides, at will. 

Sulphuric ether, sufficient. 

Treat the powder with the ether in a dis- 
placement funnel, properly arranged, until 
exhausted, and distil off the ether. Flies 
yield 8 per cent, of this extract. It is em- 
ployed for increasing the activity of blister- 
ing plasters, and for admixture with wax 
to make blistering tissue-paper. Soubeiran. 



Oleo-infusion of Cantharides. 
R. Cantharides, in coarse 

powder, one part. 

Olive oil, ten parts. 

Digest for six hours on a water-bath, ex- 
press, and filter. Paris Codex. 
An active rubefacient and vesicant. 

R. Cantharides, 



one part, 
eight parts. 
Digest for fifteen days, express, and filter. 
More active than "the preceding. Be'ral. 

R. Powdered cantharides, one part. 

Chloroform, 

Castor oil, each, one and 

a half parts. 
Mix, let stand in a close vessel for some 
hours, and then pass through a displace- 
ment apparatus. 

This oil vesicates promptly, when ap- 
plied to a part, and covered with oiled 
silk. E. Dupuy. 



Oil of rosemary. 



Liniment of Cantharides. 

R. Powdered cantharides, one ounce. 
Oil of turpentine, half a pint. 

Digest for three hours over a water-bath, 
and strain. U. S. Ph. 

An active stimulant when applied to the 
skin ; used with success in the low stages 
of typhus fevers. Requires caution in its 



Liniment of Cantharides and Camphor. 

R. Camphor, three drachms. 

Dissolve in 

Liniment of cantharides, half fl. 

ounce. 
Add 

Strong mercurial ointment, 
Simple ointment, each, one ounce. 
Mix, and form liniment. In low stages of 
fever, where the object is to arouse the sys- 
tem, and to affect it with mercury, also as 
an application to tumors. Ellis. 



Decoction of Cantharides in 
Turpentine. 

R. Cantharides in powder, four 

ounces. 
Oil of turpentine, twelve ounces. 
Mix in a flask, place this in a salt-bath, 
and heat for four hours; then dissolve with 
oil of turpentine until twelve fl. ounces are 
obtained. Similar to the officinal liniment, 
but much more powerful. Hartshorne. 



Liniment of Cantharides and Soap. 
R. Tincture of cantharides, half an 

ounce. 

Liquid ammonia, an ounce 

and a half. 

Turpentine soap, two ounces. 

Spirit of turpentine, one ounce. 

" camphor, eight ounces. 

Mix. A powerful rubefacient. Niemann. 



Cerate of Cantharides. 
R. Powdered cantharides, twelve 
tro} T ounces. 
Yellow wax, 

Resin, each, seven troy ounces. 
Lard, ten troyounces. 

Melt the wax, resin, and lard, strain, add 
the flies, and keep the mixture fluid for 
half an hour over a water-bath ; remove 
from the fire and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. 
The blistering plasters of Brit. Ph. and 
Paris Codex contain the same proportion 
of cantharides. 



200 



CANTHAEIS. 



Cerate of Extract of Cantharides. 
R. Powdered cantha- 
rides, five tro} r ounces. 

Stronger alcohol, sufficient. 

Resin, three troyounces. 

Yellow wax, six troyounces. 

Lard, seven troyounces. 

Exhaust the cantharides in a percolator 
with the alcohol, distil the tincture, and 
evaporate until a soft extract is obtained ; 
add this to the melted resin, wax, and lard, 
keep the mixture at 212° F. for fifteen 
minutes, strain, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. 
An efficient and elegant cerate to replace 
the old-fashioned blistering plaster. 



Cantharides Ointment. 
B. Cantharides cerate, two drachms. 
Resin cerate, six drachms. 

Mix thoroughly. U. S. Ph. 

As a stimulating dressing to blisters. 

R. Catharides, one part. 

Olive oil, four parts. 

Digest for twelve hours, express, filter, and 
add 

Yellow wax, two parts. 

Melt together and cool. Ph. Germ. 

The ointment of Brit. Ph. is almost 
identical with this. 

Compound Ointment of Cantharides. 
R. Yellow wax, three parts. 

Resin, six parts. 

Common turpentine, twelve parts. 

Lard, fifty parts. 

Melt together and add very fine powders of 

Cantharides, ten parts. 

Euphorbium, two parts. 

Mix thoroughly. Ph. Germ. 



Ointment of Extract of Cantharides. 
R. Alcoholic extract of 

cantharides, eight grains. 

Oil of roses, one drop. 

Beef marrow, two ounces. 

Oil of lemon, forty minims. 

Melt the marrow, add the extract, and stir 

in the essential oils. 

To promote the growth of the hair. 

M. Cap. 



Cantharides Plaster. 
R. Powdered cantharides, two parts. 
Common olive oil, one part. 

Digest, for two hours in a w;i(cr bath, add 



Yellow wax, four parts. 

Common turpentine, one part. 
Previously melted, and mix. Ph. Germ. 
Firmer and more adhesive than the 
cerate. 



Pitch Plaster -with Cantharides. 
R. Burgundy pitch, forty-eight 

troyounces. 

Cerate of cantharides, four 

troyounces. 

Heat the cerate to 212° for fifteen minutes, 
strain, and melt together with the pitch. 

U. S. Ph. 

R. Cantharides, in coarse powder, 

Expressed oil of nutmeg, 

Yellow wax, 

Resin, each, four ounces. 

Soap plaster, fifty-two ounces. 

Resin plaster, thirty-two ounces. 

Boiling water, twenty ounces. 

Infuse the cantharides in the water for six 
hours, express strongly, evaporate to one- 
third, add the other ingredients, melt, and 
stir well until cool. Brit. Ph. 

Warming Plaster. Used as a counter- 
irritant. 



Perpetual Cantharides Plaster. 
R. Resin, 

Yellow wax, each, fifty parts. 

Common turpentine, thirty-seven 

parts. 
Burgundy pitch, twenty-five parts. 
Suet, twenty parts. 

Melt together with a moderate heat, and 
add very fine powders of 

Cantharides, eighteen parts. 

Euphorbium, six parts. 

Irritant and slow vesicant. Ph. Germ. 



Camphorated Cantharides Plaster. 
R. Plaster of melilot, two ounces. 
Melt and add 

Powdered cantharides, six 

drachms. 

Camphor, half a drachm. 

As a vesicant. Spielmann. 



Odontalgic Plaster with Cantharides. 
R. Pitch, 

Resin, each, one ounce. 

Melt together, and add 

Storax, 

Cantharides, each, two ounces. 



CANTHARIS 



201 



As an irritant plaster to the cheek in cases 
of toothache. Van Mons. 



Issue Ointment. 

R. Powdered Spanish flies, half an 

ounce. 

Rose water, two fl. ounces. 

Boil and add 

% Tartar emetic, fifteen grains. 

Evaporate to one-half, strain, and add 

Olive oil, three ounces. 

White wax, one ounce and a half. 

Spermaceti, one ounce. 

Boil till all moisture is evaporated. Used 
as a stimulating application to issues. 

PhysicJc. 



Cantharides Pomatum. 

R. Powdered Spanish flies, one 

drachm. 
Alcohol, one ounce. 

Macerate and filter. Ten parts of this 
tincture are to be well incorporated with 
ninety parts of lard. Said to be very 
effectual in preventing the hair from falli 



off. 



Dupuytren. 



Cantharides (Blistering) Paper. 
R. White wax, four troyounces. 

Spermaceti, one troyounce 

and a half. 

Olive oil, two troyounces. 

Canada turpentine, 

Powdered cantharides, 

each, half a troyounce. 

Water, five fl. ounces. 

Boil gently in a tinned vessel for two hours, 
constantly stirring, filter through a woollen 
strainer without expression, keep the mix- 
ture liquid by means of a shallow water- 
bath, and coat strips of paper upon one 
side only with the melted plaster by passing 
them over the surface of the liquid. 

U. S. Ph. 
The formula of Brit. Ph. differs mainly 
in using twice the above weight of can- 
tharides, and in digesting the substances, 
except the Canada turpentine, which is to 
be added to the strained plaster. 



Blistering Cloth. 
R. Aqueous extract of cantharides, 

four parts. 

Gelatin in solution, one part. 

Mix and brush over a piece of waxed cloth 

spread in a frame. When the first layer 



dries, add a second and a third, always 
passing the brush in the same direction. 

Paris Pharm. Society. 



Stimulating Liniment. 
R. Tincture of cantharides, one 

fl. drachm. 

Soap liniment, six fl. drachms. 

Mix. In indolent chilblains. Wardrop. 



Aromatic Cantharides Liniment. 
R. Tincture of cantharides, 

Oil of thyme, 

Solution of ammonia, ) ^ 
Mix. A powerful rubefacient. Augustin. 



^ equal 



R 



Blistering Court Plaster. 
Cantharides, one drachm and 

a half. 
Acetic ether, two ounces. 

Infuse for eight days, decant, and add 



Resin, 



two drachms. 



Spread on court plaster. As a mild vesi- 
cant. Cadet. 



Sparadrap of Cantharides. 
R. Purified elemi, 

" resin, each, five ounces. 
Yellow wax, nineteen ounces. 

Basilicon cerate, eleven ounces. 
Olive oil, two ounces. 

Melt together and incorporate 
Cantharides in fine powder, 

twenty-one ounces. 
Spread the mixture while warm, upon oiled 
linen. Paris Codex. 



Taffeta Cantharidalis. 
R, Cantharidal ether, 

Sulphuric ether, each, one ounce. 

Purified turpentine, 

Colophony, each, two drachms. 
Mix. A piece of taffeta is stretched on a 
frame, and twice painted over with a brush 
dipped in the solution ; the process is re- 
peated the next day, and again the third 
day, always passing the brush in the same 
direction. After a few days the taffeta is 
covered with a solution of isinglass. 

Oettinger. 



Cantharidal Collodion. 
R. Cantharides, in fine powder, 

eight troj^ounces. 
Pyroxylon, one hundred grains. 



202 



CAPSICUM, 



Canada turpentine, three hundred 
and twenty grains. 
Castor oil, one hundred and 

sixty grains. 
Stronger ether, a pint and a half. 
Stronger alcohol, sufficient. 

Press the cantharides firmly into a perco- 
lator, gradually pour on the ether, and re- 
serve the first fifteen fluidounces of the 
ethereal tincture. Continue the percolation 
with stronger alcohol until half a pint of 
tincture is obtained ; evaporate this spon- 
taneously to one fl. ounce, mix with the re- 
served portion, and dissolve in the mixture 
the pvroxylon, turpentine, and oil. 

™ * l U.S. Ph. 



Hairwash. 
R. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, 

one ounce. 

Tincture of cantharides, one or 

two drachms. 

Gl}'cerin, half an ounce. 

Rosemary water, eleven ounces. 

Mix. An active stimulant for the scalp. 

Startin. 



Shampoo Liquid. 
R. Hum, three quarts. 

Alcohol, one pint. 

Water, one pint. 



Tincture of cantharides. 



half 



an ounce. 

Carbonate of ammonium, half 

an ounce. 

Carbonate of potassium, one oz. 
Dissolve the carbonates in the water, and 
add the solution to the other ingredients 
mixed together, and shake up well. To 
re ve dandruff from the hair, by moisten- 
ing it with the mixture, rubbing, so as to 
form a lather, and then washing with cold 
water. Morfit. 



CAPSICUM. 
Cayenne Pepper. 

Several Bpedes of capsicum are used under 
the above officinal name, ;is C. annuum, C. 
faMigiatum, etc.. C. annuum is a native of 
Asia, i>ui now generally cultivated in Eu- 
rojie and A m erica, 

Hex. 8yst, Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. So- 
lanacefB. 

Linn. Bp. PI. 270. Griffith, Med. Bot. 497. 

Capsicum has a pungent smell, and a hot, 
bitterish, acrid taste, li is an active stimu- 
lant, and rubefacient. Dose, five to ten 
grains in powder or pill. 



Cayenne Pepper Pills. 
R. Powdered Cayenne 

pepper, one drachm. 

Crumb of bread, 
Distilled water, each, sufficient. 

Kub into mass and form twelve pills. One, 
three or four times a day. In debility of 
the stomach, especially from intemperance. 

Ellis. 

R. Powdered Cayenne pepper, one 

scruple. 

Extract of gentian, one drachm. 

Powdered gentian, sufficient. 

Form mass, and divide into sixty pills. In 
chronic dyspepsia. Radius. 



Cayenne Pepper Lozenges. 

R. Cayenne pepper, three drachms. 

Ginger, 

Horseradish, each, two drachms. 

Sugar, one ounce. 

Conserve of roses, one drachm. 
Mix, and make thirty lozenges. One to be 
chewed occasionally in catarrhal deafness. 

Fosbroke. 



Cayenne Pepper Syrup. 
R. Simple syrup, two pints. 

Tincture of Cayenne 

pepper, one fl. ounce. 

Pour the tincture on the heated syrup, and 
evaporate it from the surface of the latter, 
until the vapor ceases to ignite on the ap- 
proach of flame. Then mix immediately. 

A. Smith. 



Infusion of Cayenne Pepper. 

R. Cayenne pepper, half atroyounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse for two hours, and strain. Dose, 

half a fl. ounce. U. S. Ph. 



Cayenne Pepper Gargle. 
R. Tincture of Cayenne 

pepper, half fl. on nee. 

Rose water, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix. 

R. Powdered Cayenne 

pepper, two tablespoonfuls. 
Common salt, a teaspoonful. 

Boiling vinegar, 

" water, each, half a pint. 
Tnfuse for an hour, and strain. In bad 
cases of scarlatina. Stephens. 



CAEBO ANIMALIS 



203 



R. Powdered Cayenne 

pepper, half an ounce. 

Magnesia, one drachm. 

Boiling water, 
■ " vinegar, each, eight ounces. 

Infuse, and strain. Used in same cases, 
and in same manner, as above. Headley. 



Tincture of Cayenne Pepper. 
R. Cayenne pepper, one ounce. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement two pints of tinc- 
ture. U. S. Ph. 

As a stimulant in low states of fever 
with gastric insensibility. Dose, one to two 
fl. drachms. Also used in a diluted state 
as gargle. 

Tincture of Brit. Ph. is about same 
strength. 

R. Powdered capsicum, one part. 

Alcohol, ten parts. 

Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. 

Ph. Gei-m. 

Nearly three times stronger than pre- 
ceding. 



Concentrated Tincture of Cayenne 
Pepper. 

R. Ca}*enne pepper, four ounces. 

Rectified spirit, twelve fl. ounces. 
Macerate for seven days, and strain. Used 
as an embrocation for toothache and chil- 
blains. A. TurnbuU. 



Tincture of Cayenne Pepper and 
Cantharides. 

R. Cayenne pepper, one drachm. 

Cantharides, ten drachms. 

Alcohol, one pint. 

Digest for two days, and filter. Dose, ten 
drops. Coxe. 



Vinegar of Cayenne Pepper. 
R. Cayenne pepper, one part. 

Vinegar, six parts. 

Digest for some days, and filter. In doses 
of half a drachm to a drachm, in passive 
dropsies. BSral. 



Oleo-resin of Capsicum. 
R. Powdered capsicum, twelve 

troyounces. 
Ether, sufficient. 

Pack capsicum firmly into a suitable per- 
colator, obtain by slow displacement twenty- 1 



four fl. ounces of tincture, distil off most of 
ether, evaporate remainder spontaneously, 
and remove solid fat by straining. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one-half to one grain. 



Extract of Cayenne Pepper. 
R. Powdered Cayenne 

pepper, eight ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Exhaust powder by displacement with di- 
luted alcohol, and evaporate the tincture 
in a water-bath to the consistence of an 
extract. About two ounces of extract are 
obtained. Dose, one or two grains made 
into pills. W. C. Bakes. 



Cerate of Cayenne Pepper. 
R. Extract of Cayenne 

pepper, one drachm. 

Simple cerate, one ounce. 

Rub together. This acts as a rubefacient 

in twenty or thirty minutes. W. C. Bakes. 



Cayenne Pepper Cataplasm. 
R. Powdered Cayenne 

pepper, one ounce. 

Ground mustard, 

Common soap, each, three ounces. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Mix. An active rubefacient. Ammon. 



Lotion of Cayenne Pepper. 
R. Tincture of Cayenne pepper, 
Spirit of campho r, 

each, four fl. ounces. 

Solution of ammonia, two 

fl. ounces. 

Mix. A very powerful rubefacient. 

Ammon. 



CARBO ANIMALIS. 

Animal Charcoal. 

This article is prepared by charring ani- 
mal substances, usually bones. It requires 
purification for internal use. 



Purified Animal Charcoal. 

R. Animal charcoal, 

Muriatic acid, 

each, twelve tro3 r onnces. 

Water, twelve fl. ounces. 

Mix the acid and water, and pour or 
coal ; digest for two days, occaa 



204 



CAEBO LIGNI 



stirring. Decant, and wash the charcoal 
frequently with water, and dry it. 

U. S. Ph. 

R. Lean of beef or mutton, two parts. 
Broken bones, one part. 

Char by a moderate fire in a coffee-roaster, 
let cool and pulverize. Weise. 

Has been given with advantage in scrof- 
ulous diseases, chronic glandular swellings, 
etc., in doses of ten to twenty grains. 



Powder of Animal Charcoal. 

R. Animal charcoal, four grains. 

Sugar, one drachm. 

Mix. To be taken morning and evening, 

in scrofula. Weise. 

R. Animal charcoal, six grains. 

Burnt sponge, twelve grains. 

Powdered liquorice 



root, 



half a drachm. 



Mix, and form six powders. One to be taken 
morning and night, in scirrhous goitre. 

Riecke. 



four grains. 



R. Animal charcoal, 
Powdered liquorice 

root, four scruples. 

Mix, and divide into eight powders, one to 
be taken morning and evening, dry ; a little 
water drank afterwards. After the eight 
powders are taken, increase the dose, by 
half a grain at a time, to four grains. In 
scirrhous tumors of the breast. A spare 
diet to be observed. Weise. 

R. Animal charcoal, one scruple. 

Subcarbonate of iron, 

Sugar, each, two scruples. 

Mix, and divide into ten powders. One 
three or lour limes a day in incipient hyper- 
trophy of the womb or ovaries. Clarus. 



Troches of Animal Charcoal. 

R. Animal charcoal, one part. 

8ugar f eight parts. 

Mix, and wiili mucilage of tragacanth form 

which divide into lozenges of ten 

each. Radius. 



Ointment of Animal Charcoal. 
li. Animal charcoal, one part. 

Lard, two parts. 

Bub together. Giordano. 

R. Animal charcoal half an ounce. 

Ointment of mallows, six drachms. 

Mix. As a friction to glandular engorge- 

i ion1 . Radius, 



CARBO LIGNI. 

Charcoal 

Is employed in medicine as an antiseptic 
and absorbent, and has been found useful 
in dyspepsia, etc. It also enters into the 
composition of poultices, etc. 



Charcoal Dentifrice Powder. 

R. Powdered charcoal, four 

troyounces. 

u cinchona, two 

troyounces. 

Oil of mint, ten grains. 

Mix. Paris Codex. 

R. Powdered charcoal, four parts. 

" Peruvian bark, two 

parts. 

" myrrh, one part. 

Mix. Ph. Slesv. 

R. Powdered charcoal, three drachms. 
" Peruvian bark, 

two drachms. 

" calamus, one drachm. 

" myrrh, half a drachm. 

Oil of cloves, three drops. 

Mix. Sartori. 



R. Powdered charcoal, 

" red saunders, 

" orange-peel, 
" Peruvian bark, 

" cremor tartar, 

Oil of bergamot, twenty drops. 

Mix. Schubarth. 



each, 
one 
drm. 



Compound Charcoal Powder. 

R. Charcoal, four drachms. 

Magnesia, three drachms. 

Rochelle salt, two troyounces. 

Powder separately, and mix. Antacid and 
laxative. Maryl. Coll. Ph. 

If carbonate of magnesium is preferred 
to magnesia, four drachms of the former 
should be used. 



Powder of Charcoal and Quassia. 

R. Powdered charcoal, six drachms. 

u quassia, 

Magnesia, each, one drachm. 

Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, two or three 

times a day, in pyrosis. Ileim. 



CAEBO MINEEALIS. 



205 



Charcoal Lozenges. 
R. Powdered charcoal, 

" sugar, each, one ounce. 

" vanilla, one drachm. 

" chocolate, three ounces. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 

Beat together, and form lozenges of eighteen 

grains. For fetid breath. Chevallier. 

R. Powdered charcoal, one part. 

Sugar, three parts. 

Mix, and with mucilage of tragacanth form 
lozenges of fifteen grains each. 

Paris Codex. 



Charcoal Electuary. 

R. Powdered charcoal, 

Carbonate of sodium, each, one 

drachm. 

Electuary of senna, two ounces. 
Mix. Two or three teaspoonfuls a day in 
obstinate constipation. Radius. 



Charcoal Tooth Paste. 

R. Powdered charcoal, ~) each, 

" orris root, > one 

" Peruvian bark, ) scruple. 

Tincture of myrrh, half a drachm. 

Clarified honey, sufficient. 

Mix. Used as a dentifrice. L. W. Sachs. 



Ointment of Charcoal. 
R. Powdered charcoal, 

Storax ointment, each, one ounce. 

Camphor, 

Myrrh, each, two drachms. 

Spirit of turpentine, sufficient. 

Eub well together. As a dressing to fetid 
ulcers. Bust. 



Charcoal Cataplasm. 

R. Freshly prepared charcoal, 

sufficient. 
Mix with 

Simple cataplasm in a tepid state. 

Dub. Ph. 
As an application to foul and gangrenous 
ulcers. 

R. Powdered charcoal, half an ounce. 
Cataplasm of chamomile, five 

pounds. 
Mix. As above. Brera. 



Charcoal Suppository. 

R. Cork charcoal, 

Wax, each, one part. 

Fresh butter, two parts. 

Mix. As a suppository in hemorrhoids. 

Cadet. 



CARBO MINERALIS 
Mineral Coal. 



Anthracokali. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, six oz. 

Lime, three and a half ounces. 

Water, four pints. 

Proceed as in making liquor potassa, and 
concentrate the clear solution, by boiling 
in an iron pot, till an oily-looking liquid 
remains, then stir in five ounces of finely- 
powdered mineral coal ; remove from the 
fire, and continue stirring till the whole is 
reduced to an uniform powder, which is to 
be immediately put in small, well-stopped 
bottles. Poly a. 

Much recommended in cutaneous diseases, 
scrofula, chronic rheumatism, etc. Dose, 
two grains, twice or thrice a day. 

Powder of Anthracokali. 
R. Anthracokali, two grains. 

Powdered liquorice, five grains. 
Mix. Two to four times a day. Polya. 



Compound Powder of Anthracokali. 

R. Anthracokali, two grains. 

Washed sulphur, three to five 

grains. 
Powdered liquorice, two to three 

grains. 
Mix. In psora, etc. Polya. 

R. Anthracokali, two grains. 

Calomel, one-sixth of a grain. 

Powdered liquorice, three grains. 
Mix. In syphilitic eruptions. Polya. 

R. Anthracokali, 

Golden sulphuret of 

antimony, each, half a grain. 

Powdered liquorice, three grains. 
Mix. Polya. 



Sulphuretted Anthracokali. 

R. Prepared like the simple anthra- 
cokali, adding four drachms of 
sulphur to the coal, and dis- 
solving, etc., as above. 

The dose and uses are the same. Polya. 



206 



CARBONIS IODIDUM.— CAKOTA 



CARBONIS IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Carbon. 

R. Tincture of iodine, two fl. ounces. 
Solution of potassa, sufficient. 

Add the solution of potassa to the tincture 
till the latter loses its color, then add 



Distilled water 



sufficient 



to precipitate the iodide, separate, and dry 
by a gentle heat. 



Ointment of Iodide cf Carbon. 

R. Iodide of carbon, half a drachm. 
Simple ointment, six drachms. 
Rub together. As an application to en- 
larged glands, and obstinate cutaneous 
affections. Litchfield. 



CARDAMINE. 

Cuckoo Flower. 

This is the Cardamine pratensis, a small 
herbaceous plant, a native of Europe, and 
also found in the more northern parts of 
America. 

Sex. Syst. Tetrad, siliquos. Nat. Syst. 
Brassicacese. 

Linn. Sp. PL 915. Baker, Med. Trans. 1 
442. 

The part employed is the flowers, which 
are said to be diuretic and antispasmodic. 
It is not used in this country, and appears 
to be little deserving of notice. 



CARDAMOMUM. 

Cardamom. 

Under the name of Cardamom a variety 
of aromatic capsules have been used in 
medicine, all possessing the same properties 
and somewhat the same appearance. That 
recognized by the pharmacopoeias is the pro- 
duct of the Elettaria Cardamomum, a native 
Of Malabar. 

8ex. Syst. Monand. monog. Nat. Syst. Zin- 
giberaceaB. 

Maton, Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 254. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 633. 

The part used is the seeds; these are 
angular, somewhat rough, of a reddish or 
brownish color, with an agreeable fragrant 
odor, and :i warm, aromatic taste. They 
are seldom used alone, being chiefly em- 
ployed in compound preparations. 



Aromatic Powder. 

H. Ginger, 

Cinnamon, each, two troyounces. 
Cardamom, deprived of the 

capsules, 
Nutmeg, grated, each, one ounce. 



Kub the ingredients in the form of powder, 
until thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. 

Stimulant and carminative. Dose,, ten 
to thirty grains, in dyspepsia with flatu- 
lence. See also Compound Powder of Cin- 



R 



Aromatic Confection. 

Aromatic powder, four 

troyounces. 
Clarified honey, sufficient. 

Rub together, and beat into a mass. 

U. S. Ph. 
Used as a stimulant to the stomach, in 
doses of ten to sixty grains. 



Tincture of Cardamom. 

R. Cardamom, bruised, four ounces. 
Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by percolation, two pints. 

U. S. Ph. 
A pleasant, aromatic stimulant. Dose, 
one to two fl. drachms. 



Compound Tincture of Cardamom. 

R. Powdered cardamom, six drachms. 
" caraway, two drachms. 

" cochineal, one drachm. 

" cinnamon, five drachms. 

Honey, two troyounces. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Percolate the mixed powders with the di- 
luted alcohol to obtain thirty-eight fl. ounces 
of tincture, and add the honey. U. S. Ph. 
The tincture of Brit. Ph. is very similar, 
raisins being employed in place of the honey. 
An agreeable aromatic and carminative, 
in the dose of one or two fl. drachms. 



Ethereal Extract of Cardamom. 

R. Cardamom, in powder, at will. 
Sulphuric ether, sufficient. 

Treat, till twice the weight of the seed is 
obtained. Evaporate spontaneously until 
deprived of ether. This extract is fluid, 
and consists of volatile and fixed oil. It 
may be used for aromatizing powders, or as 
an addition to pills. W. Procter. 



CAROTA. 

Carrot. 

The seeds and root of the common carrot, 
Da iicus carota, a native of Europe, but now 
extensively naturalized in the United States, 
and generally cultivated as an esculent in 
both countries. 



CAETHAMUS. — CAEUM. 



207 



Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. 
Apiaceae. 

Liun. Sp. PI. 348. Griffith, Med. Bot. 337. 

The parts used are the fruit and root ; 
the former alone is recognized in the U. S. 
Ph.; they are aromatic, and have a pungent, 
bitterish taste ; the root of the wild carrot 
has a strong smell, and an acrid, disagreea- 
ble taste ; both these are similar in their re- 
medial effects, being aromatic and diuretic. 
The root of the cultivated variety is milder, 
and is not used internally, but has much 
reputation as an external application to foul 
ulcers, etc. 



R. 



Infusion of Carrot Fruit. 
Carrot fruit, half an ounce — one 

ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse. To be taken during- the day as a 
diuretic, in dropsy and nephritic com- 
plaints. 



Cataplasm of Carrot Root. 

R. Root of garden carrot, at will. 
Scrape down to a pulp. As an application 
to foul and cancerous ulcers. Wood. 

R. Root of garden carrot, at will. 
Boil till soft, and mash. Bub. Ph. 1850. 
This acts merely as an emollient, and is 
not possessed of any virtues beyond those 
of the common poultice. 



Extract of Carrot Root. 
R. Clarified juice of carrot 

root, at will. 

Evaporate on a water-bath to the consist- 
ence of honey. Swediaur. 
As an application to ulcerated cancers. 



Carrot Ointment. 
R. Carrot root, grated, one pound, 
twenty ounces. 



Lard. 



Yellow wax, two ounces. 

Heat them together till the water of vege- 
tation is driven off, and the fat has acquired 
a yellow color ; then strain for use. 

W. Procter. 



CARTHAMUS. 

Safflower. 

This is the florets of Carthamus tinctorius, 
a native of the Levant and Egypt, but culti- 
vated in some parts of Europe and in the 
United States. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. aequal. Nat. Syst. As- 
teraeeae. 



Linn. Sp. PI. 1162. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
410. 

The fruit was formerly much used in 
medicine, but is at present seldom resorted 
to. The florets are somewhat stimulant, 
and, in warm infusion, diaphoretic, and are 
used as a substitute for saffron. 



Infusion of Safflower. 

R. Safflower, two drachms. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse, and strain. 

Used in domestic practice in the exanthe- 
mata, to bring out the eruption. 



C ARUM. 

Caraway. 

Caraway fruit is the product of Carum 
carui, an umbelliferous plant, a native of 
Europe, and cultivated both there and in 
this country. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Api- 
aceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 378. Griffith, Med. Bot. 318. 

The fruit, the only part used, is of a 
brownish color, with a fragrant but pecu- 
liar odor, and an aromatic, warm taste. 
It is a pleasant aromatic and carminative. 
Dose, in powder, from a scruple to a drachm. 



Caraway Water. 

R. Caraway, bruised, one pound. 

Water, twenty pounds. 

Mix. Distil ten pounds. Brit. Ph. 



Infusion of Caraway. 
R. Caraway, two drachms. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse and strain. Wood. 

In flatulent colic of infants. 



Spirit of Caraway. 



R. Bruised caraway, 

Proof spirit, 
Water, 
Mix, and distil one gallon. 



twenty-two 

ounces. 

one gallon. 

two pints. 

Lond. Ph. 1836. 



R. Oil of caraway, 
Proof spirit, 

Dissolve. 

As a carminative, 
two fl. drachms. 



two fl. drachms, 
one gallon. 

Lond. Ph. 1851. 
In doses of one to 



208 



CARYOPHYLLUS. 



Oil of Caraway. 
R. Caraway, bruised, at will. 

Water, sufficient. 

Macerate for some time, distil, and sepa- 
rate the oil. Van Mons. 



Essence of Caraway. 
R. Oil of carawajr, one fl. ounce. 

Rectified spirit, nine fl. ounces. 
Mix with agitation. Dub. Ph. 1850. 

Dose, about twenty drops. 



Embrocation of Caraway. 
R. Oil of caraway, 

" peppermint, 

each, one scruple. 

" olives, one ounce. 

Wine of opium, half a fl. drachm. 

Mix. As an embrocation on the abdomen 

of iii f ants in colic. Radius. 



CARYOPHYLLUS. 

Cloves. 

Cloves are the unexpanded flowers of Ca- 
ryophyllus aromalicus, a small tree, a native 
of the Molucca Islands, and also cultivated 
in many other parts of the East Indies. 

ib'exl. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Myrtacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 735. Griffith, Med. Bot. 298. 

Cloves are somewhat nail-shaped, of a 
brown color, with a strong fragrant smell, 
and a permanent, pungent, aromatic taste. 
They are highly stimulating, and are given 
as a carminative and excitant of the gastric 
functions, in the dose of five to ten grains, 
lmt are more used as an adjunct to various 
officinal compounds. 



Infusion of Cloves. 
R. Bruised cloves, two drachms. 
Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, 
and strain. U.S. Ph. 

The infusion of Brit. Pit. represents in 
each ounce eleven grains of cloves. 
I'" e, from one to two il. ounces. 



Clove Water. 
R. Bruised cloves, one part. 

Water, eight parts. 

I lor twelve hours, and distil twelve 
pari - 

A ■ B Btimulanl and carminative. 

Cutlereau. 



Spirit of Cloves. 

R. Bruised cloves, one part. 

Alcohol, eight parts. 

Macerate for some days, and distil eight 

parts. Guibourt. 



Tincture of Cloves. 
R. Bruised cloves, one part. 

Alcohol, five parts. 

Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 
Paris Codex. 



"Wine of Cloves. 
R. Bruised cloves, 

" mace, each, one drachm. 
Red wine, one pint. 

Boil, and strain. As a fomentation. 

Saunders. 



Oil of Cloves. 
R. Bruised cloves, at will. 

Water, sufficient. 

Macerate for some time, distil, return the 
product, and redistil several times, separate 
the oil, which sinks to the bottom. 

Van Mons. 
Dose, two to six drops. 



Aromatic Balsam of Cloves. 
R. Oil of cloves, 

" nutmeg, each, one scruple. 
Spirit of juniper berries, 

two ounces. 
Mix. As a stimulating friction. Bories. 



Odontalgic Mixture. 
R. Oil of cloves, twelve drops. 

Tincture of pimpinella, 
Sulphuric ether, each, 

two drachms. 
Aromatic tincture, one drachm. 
Mix. To be applied to the carious tooth. 

Augustin. 



Clove Plaster. 
R. Yellow wax, twenty-two parts. 
Suet, twenty-four parts. 

Melt, and add 

Powdered olibanum, sixteen parts. 

" cloves, eight parts. 

Oil of nutmeg, six parts. 

" peppermint, one part. 

Mix. Van Mons. 

As an application to the stomach, or 

over a pained part. 



CASCAEILLA, 



209 



Clove Cataplasm. 
B. Rye flour, six or eight spoonfuls. 
Red wine, sufficient, 

to make a cataplasm ; add 
• Powdered cloves, 
Grated nutmeg, each, 

a teaspoonful. 
Mix well. As an application to the 
stomach, to check nausea or pain. 

Radius. 



Macerate for one hour in a covered vessel, 
and strain. Brit. Ph. 

B. Powdered cascarilla, 

one troyounce. 

Water, sufficient 

Obtain by displacement one pint. Or it 

may be prepared by maceration in boiling 

water. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one to two fl. ounces. 



Clove Bag. 
R. Powdered cloves, two drachms. 
" marjoram, 

half an ounce. 

" rosemary, one ounce. 

Mix, and quilt between folds of linen, dip 

in Cologne water, and apply to the pit of 

the stomach, to check nausea. Phoebus. 



CASCARILLA. 

Cascarilla. 

This is the bark of Croton eleutheria, a 
shrub found in several of the West India 
islands, and also, perhaps, derived from 
other species. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. 
Euphorbiacese. 

Bennett, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 596. 

In rolled fragments, whitish externally, 
and of a chocolate color within, of an aro- 
matic odor, and a spicy, bitter taste. It is 
an aromatic tonic, and is useful in debili- 
tated conditions of the stomach and bowels. 
Dose, in powder, from a scruple to half a 
drachm. 



Compound Cascarilla Powder, 
B. Powdered cascarilla, ten grains. 
" opium, 

" ipecacuanha, each, 

one grain. 
Mix. To be taken every five hours in ob- 
stinate diarrhoea. Radius. 

B. Powdered cascarilla, one drachm. 
" hartshorn, 

cuttlefish bone, 

each, four drachms. 

amber, two drachms. 

Mix. One drachm to be taken in a glass 

of sugar and water, at bedtime, against 

nocturnal pollutions. Pierquin. 



Infusion of Cascarilla. 
B. Bruised cascarilla. one ounce. 

Boiling water, ten ounces. 

14 



Alkaline Infusion of Cascarilla. 
B. Bruised cascarilla, three ounces. 

Carbonate of potassium, two 

drachms. 

Boiling water, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Macerate for two hours, and filter. Dose, 
a spoonful, two or three times a day, as an 
antacid and tonic. Palat. Ph. 



Extract of Cascarilla. 
B. Bruised cascarilla, one part. 

Water, six parts. 

Treat the cascarilla first with two-thirds, 
then with the remainder of the water, and 
evaporate. Dose, from ten grains to half a 
drachm. Ph. Germ. 



Mixture of Extract of Cascarilla. 
B. Extract of cascarilla, one drachm. 

White sugar, six drachms. 

Oil of chamomile, twenty drops. 

Tragacanth, half a drachm. 

Wine of opium, twentj^-five drops. 

Cinnamon water, two fl. ounces. 

Peppermint water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. A spoonful every hour in dysentery. 

Augustin. 



Tincture of Cascarilla. 
B. Bruised cascarilla, 

two ounces and a half. 

Proof spirit, sufficient. 

Obtain by maceration, displacement, and 

expression one pint (twenty fl. ounces) of 

tincture. Dose, half to two fl. drachms. 

Brit. Ph. 

Ph. Germ, directs to macerate one part 

of cascarilla in five parts of alcohol (0.892). 



Concentrated Tincture of Cascarilla. 
B. Cascarilla in powder, No. 60, 

sixteen troj- ounces. 
Alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by slow displacement two pints. 
Dose, half to one fl. drachm. 

Maryland Coll. Ph. 



210 



CASSIA FISTULA. — CASTANEA. 



Compound Wine of Cascarilla. 

R. Powdered cascarilla, 

one ounce and a half. 
Contused orange-peel, one ounce. 
u cinnamon, two drachms. 

"White wine, 

twenty-seven fl. ounces. 
Digest for twenty-four hours, and filter. As 
a stomachic and tonic, in doses of two 
ounces, four times a day. Phoebus. 



CASSIA FISTULA. 
Purging Cassia. 

This is the fruit or pod of the Cassia fis- 
tula, a large tree, a native of Egypt, and 
many parts of Asia, and cultivated in most 
tropical regions. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Fabaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 540. Griffith, Med. Bot. 253. 

The pods are a foot or more in length, 
cylindrical, of a dark brown color, with two 
longitudinal furrows on one side, and one 
on the other. They are internally divided 
into numerous cells, each containing one 
seed enveloped in a soft pulp. This latter, 
which is the part used, has a faint nauseous 
smell, and a sweet, mucilaginous taste. It 
is laxative in doses of one or two drachms, 
and purgative in those of one or two ounces. 



Pulp of Purging Cassia. 

R. Purging cassia, bruised, sufficient. 

Pour boiling water on it to soften the pulp, 

Btrain, and evaporate to proper consistence. 

U. S. Ph. 1840. 

Dose, one drachm. 



Confection of Cassia. 

R. Cassia pulp, half a pound. 

M.'iiina, two ounces. 

Tamarind pulp, one ounce. 

Syrup of roses, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix well, and evaporate to proper consist- 
ence. Land. Ph. 1836. 
Slightly laxative. 



R. 



Mixture of Cassia Pulp. 

Pulp of cassia, one ounce. 

I illusion of rhubarb, a drachm and 

a half. 

Syrup of roses, 

Manna, each, one ounce. 

Mix well. A mill laxative. Pterquin. 



CASSIA MARILANDIA. 

American Senna. 

This species is an indigenous perennial 
plant, with showy, bright yellow flowers, 
growing in moist places and. on the banks 
of streams. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fa- 

Linn. Sp. PL 541. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
260. 

The leaves, which are the officinal portion, 
are usually exposed for sale in small pack- 
ages, like the other herbs put up by the 
Shakers. They have a faint, unpleasant 
odor, and a nauseous taste like senna, of 
which they possess all the qualities, but are 
not quite as active. 



R 



Infusion of American Senna. 

American 

senna, one ounce and a half. 
Coriander seed, 

bruised, one drachm. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate in a covered vessel one hour, and 
strain. Martin. 

Dose, a wineglassful. 



CASTANEA. 
Chestnut Leaves. 

Castanea vesca is a large tree growing in 
many parts of the United States. 

Sex. Syst. Moncecia Polyan. Nat. Syst. 
Cupuliferae. 

The leaves are officinal ; they are four t© 
eight inches long, oblong-lanceolate, acumi- 
nate, sinuate-serrate, smooth and green on 
both sides, without odor, but of an astrin- 
gent taste. They should be collected in 
August or September. Given freely in the 
form of decoction or fluid extract, they have 
been found serviceable in hooping-cough, 
without producing constipation. 



Decoction of Chestnut Leaves. 
R. Chestnut leaves, half a troyounce. 

Water, sufficient. 

Boil and strain to obtain one pint. To be 
taken ad libitum. Unzicker. 



Fluid Extract of Chestnut Leaves. 
R. Chestnut leaves, cut, sixteen 

troyounces. 
Glycerin, four fl. ounces. 

Sugar, six troyounces. 

Boiling water, sufficient. 

Digest the leaves with water for twenty- 
four hours, express, and strain ; repeat twice 
with sufficient water to cover the leaves, 



CASTANEA PUMILA. — CASTORBUM. 



211 



mix the clear infusions, add the glycerin 
and sugar, and evaporate to one pint. 

Maisch. 

Dose, half to one teaspoonful or more, 

every two or three hours, according to the 

age of the patient and the severity of the 

paroxysms. A. S. Gerhard. 



CASTANEA PUMILA. 

Chinquapin. 

A shrub or small tree, growing chiefly in 
the southern part of this country. The 
bark has been used as a tonic and anti- 
periodic, in the form of infusion, made from 
one ounce of the bark to a pint of water, 
and given in doses of a fluidounce or two. 



C ASTORETTM. 

Castor. 

Castor is a peculiar substance obtained 
from membranous follicles in the common 
beaver or Castor fiber, situated between the 
organs of generation and the anus. It is in 
the form of solid, unctuous masses, con- 
tained in small, wrinkled, brownish sacs. 
It has a strong, unpleasant smell, and a 
bitter, acrid taste. It is stimulant and anti- 
spasmodic, and has been much praised in 
the neuroses. In this country it is not much 
used. Dose, from ten to twenty grains. 



Compound Powder of Castor. 
R. Castor, twelve grains. 

Powdered cascarilla, one scruple. 

Magnesia, one scruple and a half. 
Mix, and divide into three powders. 

Saunders. 

R. Castor, ~\ 

Powdered valerian, I e J cb ' . 
Sugar, ) ten grains. 

Mix, and divide into three doses. Phcebus. 
As antispasmodics. 



each, half an ounce. 



Bolus of Castor. 

R. Assafetida, 

Yalerian, 

Castor, 

Amber, 

Camphor, one scruple. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and form boluses of ten grains each. 
Said to be efficacious in hysteria, neuralgia, 
and vertigo. Foy. 



Castor Pills. 
R. Assafetida, one drachm. 

Galbanum, 

Myrrh, each, half a drachm. 

Castor, fifteen grains. 

Tincture of valerian, sufficient. 
Beat together, and divide into seventy-two 
pills. Dose, three to eight, three times a 
day, in hysteria. Phoebus. 



Pills of Castor and Succinic Acid. 

R. Castor, one drachm. 

Succinic acid, half a drachm. 

Extract of gentian, sufficient. 

Beat together, and form twenty-four pills. 

Three, morning and night, in hysteria. 

Ellis. 



Tincture of Castor. 

R. Bruised castor, two troy ounces. 
Alcohol, two pints. 

Digest for seven days, express, and filter. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, from thirty drops to two fl. 
drachms. 

Tincture of Brit. Ph. is about one-fourth 
weaker. Paris Codex and Ph. Germ, use 
proportions of one to ten ; the latter re- 
cognizes two tinctures made with Canadian 
and with Siberian castor. 



Ethereal Tincture of Castor. 

R. Powdered castor, one part. 

Spirit of ether, ten parts. 

Macerate for ten days and filter. 

Paris Codex. 

R. Bruised castor, 
" saffron, 
Spirit of sulphuric 

ether, twelve ounces. 

Digest for twenty-four hours, and filter. As 
an antispasmodic. In doses of thirty drops. 

Spielmann. 



two ounces, 
one ounce. 



Ammoniated Tincture of Castor. 

R. Bruised castor, two ounces 

and a half. 

Contused assafetida, ten drachms. 

Spirit of ammonia, two pints. 

Digest for seven days, in a closed vessel, 

express, strain, and filter. Ed. Ph. 1841. 

A powerful stimulant, and antispasmodic, 

in cases of spasm of the stomach, hysteria, 

etc. Dose, thirty drops to two fl. drachms. 



212 



CAT ALP A. — CATECHU 



R 



Compound Tincture of Castor. 

Assafeticla, two drachms. 

Opium, half a drachm. 

Oil of amber, one drachm. 

Castor, half an ounce. 

Alcohol, four ounces. 

Digest for four days, express, and filter. 
Dose, thirty to forty drops in wine, in hys- 
teria. Ferrara Ph. 



Compound Plaster of Castor. 
R. Wax plaster, sixteen ounces. 

Soap, four ounces. 

Melt together, and add, on cooling, 

Camphor, one ounce. 

Castor, half an ounce. 

Incorporate well. Highly praised in head- 
ache, rheumatism, etc. Giordano. 



Compound Spirit of Castor. 
R. Castor, half an ounce. 

Assafetida, two drachms. 

Oil of amber, one drachm. 



savme, 



Alcohol, 



rue, each, half a drachm. 



ten ounces. 



Digest, distil, and add 

Empyreumat. carb. of 

ammonium, two ounces. 

Camphor, one drachm. 

Distil again. Dose, twenty to forty drops. 

Cottereau. 



CATALPA. 

Catalpa. 

The Catalpa cordifolia is a beautiful native 
tree, principally found in the southern and 
southwestern States. 

Sex. 8yet. Diand, monog. Nat. Syst. Big- 
DoniacesB. 

Elliot, lint, i. 24. Lindley, Flor. Med. 499. 

The bark is said to he vermifuge, but the 
part used in medicine is principally the 
pods. These have been found efficacious in 
asthma. 



Decoction of Catalpa Pods. 
I£. Catalpa pods, half an ounce. 

Water, sufficient 

to obtain eight ounces of decoction ; add 

Oxyincl of squill, half an ounce. 

K. Catalpa pods, half an ounce. 

Seneka, two drachms. 

Water, sufficient 

to obtain eight ounces of decoction; add 



Oxymel of squill, one ounce. 

In spoonful doses, in chronic, nervous 
asthma. Brera. 



B. Catalpa pods, 
Water, 



three or four, 
twelve fl. ounces. 



Boil down to six ounces, to be given in two 
doses, morning and night. Antomachi. 



C ATARIA. 
Catnep. 

This is the leaves or whole herb of Nepeta 
cataria, a perennial herbaceous plant, a 
native of Europe, and naturalized in the 
United States. 

Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. 
Larniaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 797. Griffith, Med. Bot. 512. 

It has a peculiar, somewhat unpleasant 
odor, and a bitterish, aromatic taste. It is 
stimulant, carminative, etc., and is used in 
the flatulent colic of iufants, and as an em- 
menagogue, etc. 



Infusion of Catnep. 
R. Catnep, two drachms. 

Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 
Infuse in a covered vessel. Dose, a tea- 
spoonful occasionally, whilst hot, for an in- 
fant in flatulent colic ; to be taken freely, 
as a diaphoretic, or emmenagogue. 



CATECHU. 

Catechu. 

Catechu is an extract procured from the 
wood of Acacia catechu, and also from other 
trees. The Acacia catechu is a native of the 
East Indies, and is now cultivated in some 
of the West India islands. 

Sex. Syst. Polygam. moncec. Nat. Syst. 
Fabacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 409. Griffith, Med. Bot. 268. 

Catechu comes in masses of various forms, 
of a rusty-brown color externally, but paler 
within. It is inodorous, but has a hitter 
and astringent taste, followed by a sensa- 
tion of sweetness. It, principally consists 
of tannin and extractive. It is a tonic and 
astringent, and is used in cases where as- 
tringents are required. The dose is from 
ten grains to half a drachm, repeated as 
required. 



CATECHU PALLIDUM. 
Pale Catechu. — Gambtr. 

This, which is the only variety recognized 
by the British Pharmacopoeia, is the product 
of Uncaria Gambir, a high-climbing shrub 
of the West India Islands. 



CATECHU. 



213 



Syst. Cinchonaceae. 

Roxb. Flor. Ind. 

It comes in cubes, about au inch in dia- 
meter, externally brown, internally yellow- 
ish or reddish-gray. In odor, taste, and pro- 
perties, it closely resembles catechu. 



Compound Powder of Catechu. 
R. Powdered catechu, fifteen grains. 
" salts, two grains. 

Mix, and make powder ; to be taken after 
each liquid stool, in diarrhoea from a 
weakened condition of the bowels. 

A. T. TJwmson. 



R 



four ounces. 



two ounces. 



Pale catechu, 

Kino, 

Rhatany root, each, 

Cinnamon, 

Nutmeg, each, one ounce. 

Mix the substances in powder and pass 
through a five sieve. 

An aromatic astringent. Dose, fifteen to 
forty grains. Brit. Ph. 

R Powdered catechu, 

" cascarilla, 

" gum Arabic, 

Aromatic powder, 

Mix. Dose, a scruple every two hours, in 

chronic diarrhoea. Augustin. 



equal 
parts. 



Bolus of Catechu. 
R. Powdered catechu, twenty-four grs. 
Extract of opium, two grains. 
Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and form two boluses, one to be taken 
morning and evening, in chronic diarrhoea. 

Foy. 



Pills of Alum and Catechu. 
R. Alum, six grains. 

Extract of opium, 
Catechu, each, one grain. 

Mix, and divide into six pills, one to be 
given every two to four hours. In passive 
hemorrhage and atonic mucous discharges. 

Ellis. 



Compound Catechu Bolus. 
R. Powdered catechu, one scruple. 

Confection of opium, twelve grains. 

Aromatic confection, sufficient. 
Make a bolus, to be taken twice a day, in 
inordinate flow of the menses. Babington. 

R. Powdered catechu, twelve parts. 

" alum, six parts. 

" opium, two parts. 

Syrup of red roses, sufficient. 



Form a mass, and divide into pills of six 
grains each. One or two a day, in the de- 
cline of gonorrhoea. Foy. 



Pills of Catechu and Liquorice. 

R. Catechu, half a drachm. 

Gum Arabic, 

Extract of liquorice, 

each, two drachms. 

Mastich, one drachm. 

Syrup of mallows, sufficient. 

Form mass, and divide into pills of three 
grains each. Four, three times a day, in 
chronic catarrh. Van Mons. 



Lozenges of Catechu. 
R. Catechu, one part. 

Sugar, five parts. 

Mix, and with mucilage of tragacanth form 
lozenges of eight grains each. 

Paris Codex. 

R. Pale catechu, seven hundred 

and twenty grains. 

Refined sugar, twenty-five ounces. 

Gum acacia, one ounce. 

Mucilage of gum 

acacia, two fl. ounces. 

Mix the solid ingredients in powder, add the 
mucilage, and then sufficient water to form 
a mass, which is to be divided into seven 
hundred and twenty lozenges. Dose, one 
to six. Brit. Ph. 



Electuary of Catechu. 
R. Catechu, 

Kino, each, four ounces. 

Cinnamon, 

Nutmeg, each, one ounce. 

Opium, diffused in a little sherry 
wine, one drachm and a half. 
Syrup of red roses, reduced 
to the consistence of honey, 

one pint and a half. 

Pulverize the solids, mix the opium and 
syrup, add the powders, and beat into a 
mass. _ Ed. Ph. 1841. 

In diarrhoea and chronic dysentery, in 
doses of half a drachm to a drachm. 

R. Catechu, 

Balsam of tolu, each, one drachm. 

Peruvian bark, one ounce. 

Syrup of red roses, sufficient. 
Beat together. One drachm morning and 
evening, in leucorrhcea and gonorrhoea. 

Brera. 



214 



CEANOTHUS. 



Compound Infusion of Catechu. 

R. Catechu, half a troyounce. 

Cinnamon, powdered, one drachm. 
Boiling water, one pint. 

Digest for an hour, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
Infusion of Catechu, Brit. Ph., is of 
nearly two-thirds this strength. 



Infusion of Catechu. 

R. Powdered catechu, one part. 

Boiling water, one hundred parts. 

Macerate and strain. Dorvault. 

Dose from one to three fl. drachms, three 

or four times a day. 



Tincture of Catechu. 

R. Powdered catechu, three troy- 
ounces. 
" cinnamon, two troy- 

ounces. 
Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Mix powders, and by displacement obtain 
two pints of tincture. U. S. Ph. 

R. Pale catechu, two ounces and 

a half (avoir.). 

Cinnamon, bruised, one ounce 

(avoir.). 

Proof spirit, one pint (irnper.). 

Macerate for a w r eek, press, filter, and add 

proof spirit to make one pint. Brit. Ph. 

R. Bruised catechu, one part. 

Alcohol of GO per cent, five parts. 
Macerate for eight days,- and filter. 

Paris Codex and Ph. Germ. 
A pleasant astringent. Dose, thirty 
drops to three fl. drachms. 



Catechu Collutory. 
R. Catechu, 

M \ nli, each, eight parts. 

Balsam <>f Peru, one part. 

Spirit of cochlearia, 

Alcohol, each, twenty-four parts. 
Mix and digest for four days, and filter. 
A- b mouth-wash, in a spongy condition of 
the gums. Saunders. 



Mixture of Catechu and Logwood. 

R. Extract of logwood, throe 

drachms. 

Tincture of catechu, two fl. 

drachms. 

Water, seven fl. ounces. 



Mix. Two tablespoonfuls, every three or 
four hours, in chronic stages of diarrhoea 
and dysentery. Ellis. 



Anti-Emetic Mixture. 
R. Catechu, one drachm. 

Columbo, thirty grains. 

Canella, twenty grains. 

Boiling water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix, and digest 'for eight hours, strain, and 
add 

Syrup of red roses, one fl. ounce. 
In spoonful doses. Pierquin. 



Injection of Catechu. 
R. Catechu, 

Myrrh, each, one drachm. 

Dissolve in 

Lime water, four fl. ounces, 

and strain. As an injection, in chronic 
leucorrhcea and gonorrhoea. 



R 



Aromatic Pastilles of Catechu. 

(Cachou Aromatise.) 
Extract of liquorice, 
Water, each, three ounces 

and a half. 
Dissolve on a water-bath, and add 

Powdered catechu, four hundred 
and sixty-two grains. 
" gum Arabic, two hun- 

dred and thirty-one grains. 

Evaporate to the consistence of an extract, 
and incorporate 

Powdered mastich, 
" cascarilla, 

" charcoal, 

" orris root. 



each, 
thirty 
grains. 



Reduce to proper consistence, remove from 
fire, and add 

Oil of peppermint, thirty drops. 

Tincture of ambergris, 

" musk, each, ten drops. 

Mix, and form into one grain pills. Used 
to aromatize the breath. Gray. 



CEANOTHUS. 
New Jersey Tea. 

Severn! species of Ceanothus have medi- 
cal properties, but the only one in use in 
lliis country is the C. American vs, a suffru- 
ticose plant, found in most parts of the 

United States. 



CENTAUKEA BENEDICTA. — CENTAUEIUM. 215 



Sex. Syst. Pentand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. 
Khamuacere. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 284. Griffith, Med. Bot. 218. 

The leaves and root are bitter and astrin- 
gent, but the root is the most active. They 
have been used in a variety of cases, to 
which astringents are applicable. 



Decoction of New Jersey Tea. 

R. Xew Jersey tea 

root, two drachms. 

Water, one pint. 

Boil for a quarter of an hour, and strain. 
Said by Ferrein to be efficacious in gonor- 
rhoea and syphilis; and by Dr. Hubbard, 
in dysentery ; and also as a gargle in aph- 
thous sore mouth, and in ulcerations of the 
fauces. 



CEXTAUREA BEXEDICTA. 
Blessed Thistle. 

An annual plant, native of the south of 
Europe, and become naturalized in some 
parts of the United States. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. frust. Nat. Syst. Astera 
cese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1296. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
(Onions) 409. 

The whole herb is used ; it has a faint 
nauseous odor, and a very bitter taste. It 
is used as a tonic, diaphoretic, or emetic. 
Dose of powder, as tonic, a scruple to a 
drachm. 



Infusion of Blessed Thistle. 

R. Blessed thistle, two drachms 

and a half. 

Boiling water, one quart. 

Infuse for half an hour, and strain. As a 

diaphoretic. Paris Codex. 

R. Blessed thistle, half an ounce. 

Cold water, one pint. 

Infuse, and strain. As a tonic, in the dose 

of two fl. ounces. Wood. 



Wine of Blessed Thistle. 

R. Blessed thistle, one ounce and 

a half. 

Columbo, three drachms. 

Cinnamon, two drachms. 

Wine, two pints. 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, and strain. 

Dose, one to four spoonfuls in the morning, 

Wirtemberg Ph. 



CENTAURIUM. 

Centaury. 

The herbs or flowering heads of Erytliraia 
centaurium, a small annual plant, indigenous 
to many parts of Europe. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Gentianacea?. 

Linn. (Chironia) Sp. PI. 332. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 459. 

This plant is very bitter, and is analogous 
in its properties to gentian. In this country, 
its use has been superseded by the American 
centaury or sabbatia. Dose of the powder, 
from thirty grains to a drachm. 



R 



Portland Powder. 

C entaury, 

Germander, 

Gentian, 

Round aristolochia, 

Ground pine, 
Powder, and mix. Once highly celebrated 
in the cure of gout. Dose, one drachm. 



equal parts. 



Bitter Species. 
R. Germander, ^ 

Centaury, i- equal parts. 

Blessed thistle, ) 
Used in form of infusion. Paris Codex. 



Extract of Centaury. 
R. Centaury, one part. 

Hot water, eight parts. 

Macerate in one-half the water, express, 
and strain ; repeat the process with the re- 
mainder of the water, unite the liquids, and 
evaporate. Paris Codex and Ph. Germ. 



as a stomachic. 



Pills of Extract of Centaury. 
R. Extract of centaury, one drachm. 
Myrrh, two drachms. 

Balsam of Peru, one scruple. 

Mix, and form into pills of three grains. 
Four, three times a day, as a tonic and 
stomachic. St. Marie. 



Compound Wine of Centaury. 
R. Centaury, ^ 

Apocynum, > each, one ounce. 

Madder, ) 

White wine, 

Water, each, a pint and a half. 
Boil down to two-thirds, and add to the 
strained liquid 

Syrup of orange peel, two ounces. 
A cupful morning and evening, in jaun- 
dice. BtmL 



216 



CERA. CERII OXALAS. 



Mixture of Extract of Centaury. 
B. Extract of centaury, one drachm. 

Bitter almonds, two drachms. 

Chamomile water, two ounces. 
Rub well together, and strain. As a febri- 
fuge. Foy. 



CERA. 
Wax. 

Cera Flara, or yellow wax, is a concrete 
substance, deposited by the honey bee, Apis 
mellifica. 

Cera Alba, or white wax, is prepared from 
the yellow, by melting it, pouring into thin 
layers, watting and turning frequently, and 
exposing to the air and light on frames. 

Many plants yield a concrete principle 
called vegetable wax, which corresponds in 
many particulars with that of the bee. 

"Wax is much employed in pharmacy in 
the formation of cerates and plasters. It 
has also been used as a medicine, in the 
dose of a teaspoonful. 



Waxed Cloth. 
B. White wax, eight parts. 

Olive oil, four parts. 

Turpentine, one part. 

Melt together, and spread upon linen or 
muslin stretched in a frame. Used for 
making blistering cloth, and vesicating 
taffetas. 



"Wax Plaster. 
B. Yellow wax, 

Suet, each, three pounds. 

Resin, one pound. 

Melt with a moderate heat, and stir till 
cold. Used to promote discharges from 
blistered surfaces. Land. Ph. 1836. 



Rose Lip Salve. 
B. Oil of almonds, ninety parts. 

Alkanet root, four parts. 

Digest until sufficiently colored and add 

White wax, sixty parts. 

Spermaceti, ten parts. 

Melt together, and flavor with 

Oil of Bergamot, 

Oil of lemon, each, one part. 

rh. Germ. 



1.1. While wax, 

Oil of almonds, 

Melt and add 



one ounce, 
two ounces. 



Carmine, 

Otto of roses, each, 



five grains. 
Paris Codex. 



Simple Cerate. 
B. Lard, eight troyounces. 

White wax, four ounces. 

Melt together, and stir constantly till cool. 

U. S. Ph. 

B. White wax, one part. 

Oil of almonds, three parts. 

Melt together, and stir till cold. 

Paris Codex. 

B. Olive oil, five parts. 

Yellow wax, two parts. 

Melt together, and stir till cold. 

Ph. Germ. 



Galien's Cerate. 
B. White wax, one part. 

Oil of almonds, three parts. 

Rose water, three parts. 

Heat the wax, oil, and one-half of the water 
until the wax has melted, pour into a warm 
marble mortar, and stir continually until 
the mixture has nearly cooled ; thea add 
the remainder of the water gradually, tri- 
turating, and beating until the whole is 
thoroughly mixed. Paris Codex. 



Simple Ointment. 

B. Lard, eight troyounces. 

Yellow wax, two troyounces. 

Melt the wax, add the lard gradually, and 

stir while cooling. U. S. Ph. 



B. White wax, 
Prepared lard, 
Almond oil, 

Melt and mix. 



two ounces. 

three ounces. 

three fl. ounces. 

Brit. Ph. 



CERIUM. 

Cerium. 

CERII OXALAS. 

Oxalate op Cerium. 

It is obtained by precipitating a solution 
of nitrate or of chloride of cerium by a 
solution of oxalate of ammonium. 

A white powder, insoluble in water, alco- 
hol, and ether, and almost tasteless. It is 
regarded as ;i sedative and tonic, and has 
beep used in vomiting from various causes, 
particularly in the vomiting of pregnancy 
and uterine irritation. Dose, gr. j. to iii., 
thrice daily, in the form of powder or pill. 

Simpson. 



CETACEITM. 



217 



Pills of Oxalate of Cerium. 
R. Oxalate of cerium, 
Extract of hops, 

each, twenty-four grains. 

Mix and form twelve pills. 

Waring- Curran. 



CETACEUM. 

Spermaceti. 

A peculiar concrete substance, obtained 
from the head of Physeter macrocephalus, or 
spermaceti whale. It is white, semi-trans- 
parent, friable, soft, somewhat oily to the 
touch, insipid, but with a faint odor. It 
has been used as a demulcent, and also 
enters into the composition of several oint- 
ments and cerates. 



Compound Powder of Spermaceti. 
R. Spermaceti, two drachms. 

Nitrate of potassium, one drachm. 
Orris root, 

Sugar, each, one ounce. 

Powder well, and mix. A teaspoonful, 
three or four times a day, in catarrh. 

Radius. 



Saccharated Spermaceti. 
R. Spermaceti, one part. 

White sugar, three parts. 

Rub into a very fine powder. Ph. Germ. 



Spermaceti Mixture. 
R. Spermaceti, two drachms. 

Sugar, three drachms. 

Paregoric elixir, half fl. ounce. 

Water, eight fl. ounces. 

Rub spermaceti and sugar together with 
the yolk of an egg ; add the water and pare- 
goric gradually. A tablespoonful, several 
times a day. In catarrh. Ellis. 



half an ounce, 
two drachms, 
half an ounce. 



R. Spermaceti, 

Gum Arabic, 

Syrup, 

Water of bitter 

almonds, one drachm. 

Water, two ounces and a half. 
Rub together, and strain. A dessertspoon- 
ful every two hours. In catarrh. Phoebus. 



R. Spermaceti, 
Olive oil, 
Powdered gum 
Arabic, 



two drachms. 
one drachm. 

half an ounce. 



Water, four fl. ounces. 

Triturate the spermaceti with the oil, until 
reduced to a paste, then add the gum, and 
lastly the water, gradually. W. Procter. 

R. Spermaceti, two drachms. 

Yolk of egg, one. 

Powdered gum Arabic, two 

drachms. 

Paregoric elixir, six fl. drachms. 

Antimonial wine, four fl. drachms. 

W T hite sugar, three drachms. 

Water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. Rub the spermaceti with the yolk of 
egg, then add the other ingredients sepa- 
rately ; when well incorporated, introduce 
the water gradually. A tablespoonful every 
two or three hours to an adult. Useful in 
catarrh, especially of measles. Dewees. 



Spermaceti Ointment. 
R. Spermaceti, five ounces. 

White wax, two ounces. 

Almond oil, twenty fl. ounces. 

Melt together with a gentle heat, and stir 
constantly until cool. Brit. Ph. 

Mild dressing for open surfaces. 



Ointment of Spermaceti and Rose 
Water. 

R. Rose water, one fl. ounce. 

Oil of almonds, two fl. ounces. 

Spermaceti, half an ounce. 

White wax, one drachm. 

Melt together, by a water-bath, the oil, 
spermaceti and wax ; add rose water, and 
stir till cold. U. S. Ph. 

A pleasant and cooling application to 
irritable surfaces, well known as cold 
cream. 



Cold Cream without Spermaceti. 
R. White wax, one ounce. 

Oil of almonds, four fl. ounces. 

Rose water, two fl. ounces. 

Borax, half a drachm. 

Oil of roses, five minims. 

Dissolve the wax in the oil of almonds, by 
a gentle heat, also dissolve the borax in 
the rose water, and add the solution to the 
heated mixture, stirring till cold, then add 
the oil of roses. Turribull. 



Spermaceti Cerate. 
R. Spermaceti, one tro3 r ounce. 

White wax, three troyounces. 

Olive oil, five troyounces. 



218 



CETEAEIA. 



Melt wax and spermaceti together, then 
add the oil previously heated, and stir till 
cold. U. S. Ph. 



R. Spermaceti, 

White wax, each, 
Oil of almonds. 



two parts, 
three parts. 

Melt together as above. Ph. Germ. 

An excellent dressing for blisters, wounds, 
etc. 



Spermaceti Lip Salve. 
R. Spermaceti, 

White wax, each, half an ounce. 
Melt, and add • 

Oil of almonds, one ounce. 

" lavender, twenty drops. 

" bergamot, ten drops. 

" cloves, two drops. 

Rub well together. Niemann. 

R. Spermaceti, one ounce and a half. 

White wax, nine drachms. 

Oil of almonds, twelve ounces. 

Alkanet root, two ounces. 

Otto of roses, one drachm. 

Digest the first four ingredients in the heat 
of a water-bath for four hours, strain, and 
add the otto of roses. Gray. 



Spermaceti Liniment. 
R. Spermaceti, 

White wax, each, half a drachm. 

Oil of almonds, one ounce. 

White lead, 

Litharge, each, twenty grains. 

Gum lac, sufficient. 

Mix. As a cosmetic, but the presence of 
the lead requires it to be used with caution. 

Pierquin. 



Sultana Ointment. 
R. Spermaceti, eight parts. 

Butter of cacao, sixteen parts. 

Oil of almonds, thirty-two parts. 

Balsam of Peru, one part. 

Melt together, and add 

Orange-flower water, one part. 
Stir constantly till cold. Niemann. 

R. Spermaceti, 

While wax, each, 



Oil of almonds, 
Melt together, ;ni<l add 



one drachm 
and a half. 

three ounces. 



Rose water, two ounces. 

Tincture of benzoin, thirty drops. 

Mix well. Taddei. 



CETRARIA. 

Iceland Moss. 

This is a lichen found in great abnndance 
in the northern regions of both continents. 

Sex. Syst. Cryptog. lichen. Nat. Syst. Li- 
chenaceae. 

When dried it is inodorous, but has a bit- 
ter, mucilaginous taste. It is demulcent, 
tonic, and nutritious, and is useful in pul- 
monary and other complaints, in which the 
local disease is attended with a debility of 
the digestive organs, or of the general sys- 
tem. Dose of the powder, thirty grains to a 
drachm. 



Decoction of Iceland Moss. 
R. Iceland moss, half an ounce. 



Water, 



sufficient. 



Boil with a pint of water, for fifteen min- 
utes, express, strain, and add sufficient 
water to make a pint. U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. directs to obtain twenty fl. 
ounces from one ounce of Iceland moss. 

To be taken during the twenty-four 
hours. 



Iceland Moss deprived of Bitterness. 

R. Iceland moss, five parts. 

Tepid water, thirty parts. 

Liquid carbonate of 

potassium, one part. 

Macerate for three hours, strain, wash the 

residue well, and dry. Ph. Germ. 

This is merely a mucilaginous demulcent. 



Dry Iceland Moss Jelly. 
Saccharated Iceland Moss Powder. 

R. Cut Iceland moss, sixteen parts. 
Carbonate of potassium, one 

part. 

Macerate with water, sufficient to cover the 
Iceland moss, for twenty-four hours, ex- 
press, and wash the residue with cold water 
until deprived of bitter taste ; then add 

Water, two hundred parts. 

Boil for four hours and strain. Repeat the 
boiling with a fresh portion of water, and 
add to the strained liquid 

Sugar, six parts. 

Evaporate, dry in thin layers, add sufficient 
sugar to make its weight equal to one-half 
of tin' preparation, and rub it into powder. 

Ph. Germ. 



CHELIDONIXTM 



219 



Sweet Iceland Moss Jelly. 
R. Saccharated Iceland moss 
powder, 
Sugar, each, two ounces. 

Water, four ounces. 

Boil, remove the scum, and, while cooling, 
add 

Orange-flower water, two drachms. 

This will make seven ounces of jelly. 

Paris Codex. 



Bitter Iceland Moss Jelly. 
R. Iceland moss, three parts. 

Water, one hundred parts. 

Wash the Iceland moss with cold water ; 
then boil with the water for half an hour, 
express, strain, and add 

Sugar, three parts. 

Evaporate with continual agitation to ten 
parts, and cool. Ph. Germ. 



Iceland Moss Mixture. 
R. Iceland moss, two ounces. 

Hartshorn shavings, one ounce. 
Water, one quart. 

Boil down to a pint, strain, and add 

Wine of opium, fifteen drops. 

In phthisis, to be taken during the day. 

Brera. 

R. Iceland moss, two drachms. 

Powdered salep, ten grains. 

" cinnamon, eight grains. 

Water, twelve fl. ounces. 

Boil to six ounces, and add 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Said to be useful in phthisis, leucorrhcea, 
and hooping-cough, in doses of four ounces, 
three or four times a day. Augustin. 

R. Decoction of Iceland moss, 

seven fl. ounces and a half. 

Diluted sulphuric acid, one 

fl. drachm. 

Syrup, four fl. drachms. 

Laudanum, fifty drops. 

Mix. A wineglassful three times a day, in 

phthisis. A. T. Thomson. 



Iceland Moss Chocolate. 

Simple chocolate, ten parts. 

Saccharated Iceland moss 

powder, one part. 

Triturate together with the aid of heat, 
and form into cakes. Paris Codex. 



Iceland Moss Troches. 

R. Saccharated Iceland moss 

powder, ten parts. 

Powdered sugar, twenty parts. 
" gum Arabic, one part. 

Form a mass with sufficient water, and di- 
vide into lozenges of fifteen grains each. 

Paris Codex. 



Cetrarine. 
R. Iceland moss, 

in coarse powder, one pound. 
Alcohol (.883), four pounds. 

Boil for half an hour, permit to cool, till no 
vapors are given off, express, and add to 
the fluid 



Muriatic acid, 



three drachms. 



and four times its bulk of distilled water. 
Let rest for a night in a closed matrass; 
then decant, throw deposit on filter, and 
press ; while still moist, w 7 ash with alcohol 
or ether ; then treat with boiling alcohol, 
filter, and permit cetrarine to precipitate. 

Herberger. 



Powder of Cetrarine. 
R. Cetrarine, 

Gum Arabic, each, two grains. 

White sugar, half a scruple. 

Useful in intermittent fevers, in doses of 
eight grains every two hours during the 
apyrexia. Mutter. 



CHELIDONIUM. 

Celandine. 

The herb of Chelidonium majus, a peren- 
nial herbaceous plant, native of Europe, but 
generally naturalized in this country. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Pa- 
paveraceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 723. Griffith, Med. Bot. 130. 

Exudes, when broken, an orange-colored, 
fetid juice. Its taste is extremely bitter and 
acrid, leaving a burning sensation. The 
root is the most powerful. It has been used 
as a drastic hydragogue, and also in scrofula, 
etc. The dose of the dried, root is half a 
drachm to a drachm ; of the fresh juice, 
thirty to forty drops. 



Extract of Celandine. 
R. Juice of celandine, at will. 

Boil so as to coagulate ; strain, evaporate 
to one-third, cool, filter, and evaporate. 

Paris Codex. 

R. Fresh flowering 
celandine, 



twenty parts. 



220 



CHENOPODIUM. — CHIMAPHILA, 



Bruise in a stone mortar, adding one part 
of water, express, add to residue three parts 
of water, and again express. Evaporate 
the mixed liquid at or below 175° to two 
parts, add two parts of alcohol, strain, and 
evaporate. Ph. Germ. 

Dose, five to fifteen grains, as a hydra- 
gogue purgative. 



Pills of Celandine. 
R. Extract of celandine, 

Ammoniac, each, one drachm 

and a half. 

Soap, one drachm. 

Mix, and form pills of four grains. Two or 

three a day, in engorgements of the viscera, 

especially of the spleen. Schubarth. 



Extract of Celandine Mixture. 
R. Extract of celandine, two 

drachms and a half. 
" henbane, one scruple. 

Sulphate of potassium, one ounce. 

Tartar emetic, one grain. 

Elder water, six fl. ounces. 

Oxymel of squill, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. A dessertspoonful every two hours, 
as a hydragogue. Augustin. 



CHENOPODITJM. 

WORMSEED. 

This is the fruit of Chenopodium antliel- 
minticum, a native plant, found in most 
parts of the country. 

Sex. Syst. Pentaud. digyn. Nat. Syst. Che- 
nopodiacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 320. Griffith, Med. Bot. 537. 

The fruit is in small grains; of a greenish- 
yellow color, with a bitterish, aromatic, 
pungent taste, and a nauseous peculiar smell. 
Besides the fruit, the expressed juice of the 
whole plant is used, and the essential oil. 
They are all efficient anthelmintics. The 
first are given in the form of an electuary; 
the second in tablespoonfu] doses ; the oil is 
given in the dose of five to ten drops to a 
child three years old. 



Decoction ofWormseed. 
R. Fresh leaves of wormsecd, one 

ounce. 

New milk, one pint. 

Orange-peel, two drachms. 

Boil, and strain. Dose, a wineglassfu] 

twice a (lay. 



Oil of Wormseed. 
R. Bruised wormsecd, 
Water, 



at will, 
sufficient 



to cover the fruit ; infuse for some hours, 
distil, and separate the oil. More com- 
monly, however, the whole herbaceous por- 
tion is subjected to distillation. 

Dose, from four to eight drops for a child, 
night and morning, for three or four days, 
to be followed by a cathartic. Coxe. 



Wormseed Oil Mixture. 
R. Oil of wormseed, one drachm. 
Sugar, 

Gum Arabic, each, one drachm 
and a half. 
Mix, and add 

Mint water, two and a half 

fl. ounces. 

A teaspoonful, four times a day for two 

days, to a child, to be followed by a purge. 

Ellis. 

R. Oil of wormseed, one fl. drachm 

and a half. 
Castor oil, three fl. ounces. 

Oil of anise, ten drops. 

Mix, and add 

Syrup of rhubarb, or 

" of senna, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful night and morn- 
ing, to a child two years old. 

Am. Journ. Ph. 



CHIMAPHILA. 

PlPSISSEWA. 

The leaves of Chimaphila umbellata, an 
evergreen plant, found in the northern por- 
tions of both continents. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Py- 

VOlllCC^B 

Linn.' (Pyrola) Sp. PI. 568. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 421. 

Pipsissewa has a peculiar and rather plea- 
sant odor, especially when fresh, and an 
astringent, bitter, and somewhat sweetish 
taste. It is tonic, diuretic, and astringent, 
and lias been much used in nephritic com- 
plaints, dropsy, etc. 



Decoction of Pipsissewa. 
R. Pipsissewa, one ounce. 

Water, surlicient. 

Boil for fifteen minutes, so as to obtain one 
pint, and strain. U. S. Ph. 

To be taken during the day, in dropsy 
and chronic affect ions of urinary organs. 



Alkaline Decoction of Pipsissewa. 
R. Decoction of pipsissewa, one pint. 
Solution of carbonate of 
potassium, 



two drachms. 



CHIEETTA. 



221 



Mix. Four tablespoonfuls, three times a 
day, in same cases as above. Foy. 



Compound Decoction of Pipsissewa. 
R. Pipsissewa, half an ounce to 

one ounce. 
Water, twelve fl. ounces. 

Boil to six ounces, and add 

Gin, two ounces. 

Let stand for two hours, and strain. Two 
tablespoonfuls four times a day, in drops}'. 

Radius. 

R. Pipsissewa, six drachms. 

Water, twelve ounces. 

Boil to six ounces, and add at close 

Senna, two drachms. 

Strain. A tablespoonful every two hours 



as a diuretic. 



Radius. 



Fluid Extract of Pipsissewa. 
R. Pipsissewa, in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, three fl. ounces. 

Water, five fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with 

one-half of the mixture, pack in a glass 

percolator, add the other half, and macerate 

for four days; then with 'diluted alcohol 

displace twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving 

the first fourteen, add to the remainder one 

fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate to two fl. 

ounces, and mix with reserved portion. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, a teaspoonful. 

Extract of Pipsissewa. 
R. Pipsissewa, one pound. 

Water, one gallon. 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down 
to two pints, strain, and evaporate to pro- 
per consistence. Dose, ten to thirty grains. 



Pipsissewa Pills. 

R. Extract of pipsissewa, 
Resin of guaiacum, 

each, one drachm and a half. 
Precipitated sulph. of 

antimony, twelve grains. 

Beat together, and make pills of two 
grains. Dose, five, twice a day, in arthritic 
affections. 



Pipsissewa Syrup. 
R. Powdered pipsissewa, four ounces. 
Water, eight fl. ounces. 



Macerate for thirty-six hours, percolate so 
as to obtain a pint of fluid, evaporate one- 
half, and add 

Sugar, twelve ounces. 

One to two tablespoonfuls at a time. 

W. Procter. 



Pipsissewa Beer. 
R. Pipsissewa, half a pound. 

Water, one gallon. 

Boil, strain, and add 

Brown sugar, one pound. 

Powdered ginger, half an ounce. 

Yeast, sufficient 

to produce fermentation. When this has 
taken place, keep in w r ell-stopped bottles. 
Dose, a half-tumblerful, three or four times 
a day. In strumous affections, especially 
of the joints. Dr. I. Parrish. 



CHIRETTA. 
Chiretta. 



This is the herb and root of Agathotes chi- 
rayta {Ophelia chirata), a native of the 
northern mountainous parts of India. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Gen- 
Don, Phil. Mag., 1836. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 462. 

The whole plant is bitter, and the root 
most so ; it is inodorous. It appears to 
have the same properties as gentian, and is 
applicable to the same cases. Dose, of 
powder, is twenty grains. 



Infusion of Chiretta. 
R. Chiretta, a quarter of an ounce. 
Distilled water at 120°, 

ten ounces. 
Infuse for half an hour, and strain. 

Brit. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. ounces as a simple 
tonic bitter. 



Tincture of Chiretta. 
R. Chiretta, cut small and bruised, 
two ounces and a half. 
Proof spirit, sufficient. 

Obtain by maceration, percolation, and ex- 
pression one pint (twenty fl. ounces) of 
filtered tincture. Dose, half to two fl. 
drachms. Brit. Ph. 



Fluid Extract of Chiretta. 
R. Chiretta in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troyonnces. 

Alcohol of 60 pr. ct., sufficient. 



222 



CHLOEAL 



CHLOEIXIUM. 



Macerate the powder for four days with 
one piut of the alcohol, displace slowly 
twenty-four fl. ounces reserving the first 
fourteen, evaporate the remainder to two 
fl. ounces and mix with reserved portion. 
Dose, ten to thirty minims. 



CHLORAL. 

Chloral Hydrate. 

It is prepared by passing for several days 
dry chlorine gas through absolute or stronger 
alcohol, until hydrochloric acid ceases to be 
produced ; the mass is then treated with 
strong sulphuric acid, the oily layer which 
separates is distilled over a little lime, and 
the distillate is combiued with the requisite 
quantity of water, and allowed to congeal, 
or else crystallized by fusion and slow re- 
frigeration, or from one of its solvents. 

It occurs in white crystalline masses, or 
in colorless transparent crystals, having a 
pungent aromatic odor and taste, readily 
dissolving in water and alcohol, affording 
clear solutions. It is likewise soluble in 
ether, petroleum-benzin, and sulphide of 
carbon. It fuses at about 135° F., and boils 
at about 207° F., evaporating without leav- 
ing any residue, and in the open air without 
combustion. Its aqueous solution faintly 
reddens blue litmus paper, and when acidu- 
lated with nitric acid, is not precipitated by 
nitrate of silver. Strong sulphuric acid sep- 
arates oily chloral, but does not acquire a 
dark coloration. 

As a hypnotic and anaesthetic, it has been 
used in a variety of diseases in doses of 
thirty to forty grains. It is given in aque- 
ous solution flavored with some aromatic 
syrup. 



CHLORINIUM. 

Chlorine. 

This is an elementary, gaseous fluid, of a 
greenish-yellow color, and a peculiar, pene- 
trating smell. It has been used as an inha- 
lation in a diluted state, in diseases of the 
lungs, and also as a fumigation in diseases 
of the liver, etc., and also as a disinfectant. 
Tint strong fumigation of the Ph. Germ, is 
chlorine gas, generated in the usual manner ; 
for tin; weak chlorine fumigation chlorinated 
lime is mixed with water and vinegar added. 



Chlorine. 

R. Peroxide of manganese, one part. 
Common salt, three parts. 

Sulphuric acid, 

Water, each, two parts. 

Mix the acid and water, pour on the other 
substances in powder, and collect the gas 
ander a receiver. Part's Codex. 



Chlorine Water. 

R. Chloride of sodium, one drachm. 

Sulphuric acid, two fl. drachms. 

Red oxide of lead, three hundred 

and fifty grains. 

Water, eight fl. ounces. 

Rub the salt and oxide of lead together, 
put them into the water, add the acid, and 
agitate occasionally till the red oxide be- 
comes almost white. Allow the insoluble 
matter to subside before using the liquid. 
Ed. Ph. 1841. 

U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. saturate thirty- 
four to forty parts of distilled water, con- 
tained in a bottle of double the capacity, 
with washed chlorine water evolved from 
one part of black oxide of manganese, and 
facilitate the absorption by agitating occa- 
sionally the loosely corked bottle. 

To be kept in well-stopped bottles, and 
in the dark. Chlorine water is stimulant 
and antiseptic, and has been used in a 
variety of diseases. (See Dunglison's New 
Rem., 6th edit., p. 190, et seq.) The dose 
is from one to four fl. drachms, properly 
diluted. 



Chlorine Collutory. 
R. Chlorine water, half an ounce. 
Syrup of mallows, one ounce. 

Mix. In aphthous sore mouth. Radius. 

R. Chlorine water, half an ounce. 

Infusion of sage, six ounces. 

Honey of roses, one ounce. 

Mix. In same cases. Radius. 



Chlorine Gargle. 



twelve grains, 
four fl. ounces. 



R. Tragacanth, 

Distilled water, 

Chlorine water, 

Syrup, each, half an ounce. 

Mix. As a gargle in ulceration, and 
chronic inflammation of the mouth, and 
fauces. Foy. 



Chlorine Injection. 
R. Chlorine water, half a drachm. 
Distilled water, 

one ounce and a half. 

Extract of opium, fifteen grains. 

Mix. As an injection in ulcers of the 

uterus. Phoebus. 



Chlorine Clyster. 
R. Chlorine water, two drachms. 

Starch, four drachms. 



CHLOEOFOEMUM. 



223 



Extract of opiurn, half a grain. 

Water, six ounces. 

Mix. As an enema in the diarrhoea of 
consumptive patients. Cadet. 



Chlorine Mixture. 
R. Chlorine water, 

two to four drachms. 
Decoction of mallows, 

two ounces and a half. 
Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in soften- 
ing of the stomach in children. Radius. 

R. Chlorine water, one fl. drachm. 

Lemon syrup, four fl. drachms. 

Water, eight fl. drachms. 

Mix. In scarlatina. Dose, ten to twenty 
drops every six or eight hours. Tweedie. 

R. Chlorine water, two ounces. 

Syrnp, six ounces. 

Mix. A spoonful every two hours, in ty- 
phoid fevers. SicediaiQ. 

R. Chlorine water, two drachms. 

Strawberry water, 

one ounce and a half. 
Quince mucilage, 
S}Tup of mallows, 

each, six drachms. 

Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, to 
children in scarlatina. Radius. 



Chlorinated Oil. 
R. Olive oil, at will. 

Pass a current of chlorine through it ; at 
the end of two or three days, wash it with 
cold water. As an application to tinea 
and lepra. Deimann. 



Chlorine water, 

one drachm and a half. 
As an application to foul ulcers. Ludwig. 



Inhalation of Chlorine. 

R. Chlorinated lime, two ounces. 

Put in a suitable apparatus, moisten with 
water, and let the vapor that arises be in- 
haled. Brit. Ph. 



CHLOROFORMUM. 

Chloroform. — Terchloride of 
Formyl. 

It is prepared by distilling a mixture of 
about one part of alcobol, four parts chlo- 
rinated lime, and twelve parts of water, 
washing the heavier portion of the distillate 
with water, then with sulphuric acid and 
again with water, and rectifying. It is a 
transparent, not inflammable, heavy fluid, 
of a peculiar, fragrant, ethereal, apple-like 
odor, and an intensely sweet taste. In large 
doses it is a narcotic poison ; in medicine, a 
stimulant, sedative, antispasmodic anodyne, 
and anaesthetic ; for which latter purpose it 
has attained much celebrity. 



Chlorine Ointment. 
R. Chlorine water, one part. 

Lard, eight parts. 

Triturate well together. Employed in itch. 

August in. 



Chlorine Liniment. 
R. Chlorine water, one fl. drachm. 
Olive oil, one fl. ounce. 

Mix well. In itch, tinea, and herpes. 

Deimann. 

R . White wax, two drachms. 

Melt by a gentle heat, and add 

Almond oil, suflicient 

to make a liniment ; on cooling, add 



Purified Chloroform. 
R. Commercial chloroform, 

one hundred troyounces. 
Sulphuric acid, 

twenty troyounces. 
Stronger alcohol, 

twelve fl. drachms. 
Carbonate of sodium, 

five troyounces. 
Lime in powder, half a troj^ounce. 
Water, ten fl. ounces. 

Agitate acid and chloroform occasionally 
during twenty-four hours ; separate lighter 
liquid, and agitate for half an hour with so- 
lution of carbonate of sodium in water. 
! Separate chloroform, mix it with alcohol, 
and when clear, transfer the heavy trans- 
parent layer into a dry retort, add lime, and 
distil at a temperature of not over 153° F. 
until one trovounce of residue is left in the 
retort. U. S. Ph. 

Its specific gravity is 1.480, boiling point 
142° F. It contains a little alcohol, which 
prevents its decomposition when exposed 
to light and air. It does not impart any 
color to an equal bulk of sulphuric acid 
after agitating and leaving the two liquids 
in contact for twenty-four hours. It is per- 
fectly neutral, and does not redden a drop 
of a neutral aqueous solution of litmus when 
a drachm of the chloroform is evaporated 



224 



CHONDKUS. 



with it, spontaneously. Purified chloroform 
only is fit for inhalation. The usual dose, 
when inhaled, is a ti. drachm, to be increased 
in a few minutes, if no effect is produced. 
The best plan of inhaling is to twist a hand- 
kerchief into the form of a bird's nest, wet 
this with the chloroform, and apply it to 
the mouth and nose. The dose, internally, 
is from five to twenty minims. 



U 



Chloroform Mixture. 

Purified chloroform, half a 

troj^ounce. 

Camphor, sixty grains. 

Yolk of egg, one. 

Water, six fl. ounces. 

Triturate the yolk, add gradually camphor 
dissolved in chloroform, then the water, and 
mix thoroughly. Dose, a teaspoonful to a 
tablespoonful. U. S. Ph. 



Chloroform Water. 
R. Pure chloroform, half a drachm. 
Alcohol, half an ounce. 

Water, eight ounces. 

Dissolve. Flavored with syrup in table- 
spoonful doses, in neuralgia, asthma, etc. 

Boucliut. 



Compound Tincture of Chloroform. 
R. I^ire chloroform, two fl. ounces. 
Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Compound tincture of 



cardamom, 



ten fl. ounces. 



Mix. 



Dose and use similar to next. 

Brit. Ph. 



Spirit of Chloroform. 
R. Purified chloroform, one troy- 
ounce. 
Alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Dose, twenty to sixty minims. 

U. S. Ph. 
The spirit of Brit. Ph. is almost identi- 
cal with this. It was formerly incorrectly 
called " chloric ether." 



Chloroform Liniment. 
R. Chloroform. three troyounces. 



Olive oil, 



Dissolve. 



four troyounces. 
U. S. Ph. 



R. Chloroform, 

Expressed almond oil 

>lve. 



one part. 
, nine parts. 
Paris Codex. 



R. Chloroform, 

Camphor liniment, each, two 

fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Brit. Ph. 



Chloroform and Aconite Liniment. 
(Compound Chloroform Liniment.) 
R. Chloroform, 

Tincture of aconite root, 

each, two fl. ounces. 

Soap liniment, twelve fl. ounces. 

Mix. . Maryland Coll. Ph. 



Chloroform Ointment. 
R. White wax, one drachm. 

Lard, nine drachms. 

Melt together, pour into wide-mouth vial, 
and add 



Chloroform, 



two drachms. 



Cork the vial, and agitate until cold. 

Paris Codex. 

K. Spermaceti ointment, four 

drachms. 
Olive oil, one drachm. 

Oxide of zinc, half a drachm. 

Chloroform, two fl. drachms. 

Mix. Applied in irritable ulcer of rectum. 

Curling. 



CHONDRUS. 

Irish Moss. — Carrageen. 

The fronds of Chondrus crispus, a sea- 
weed growing on rocks and stones in the 
seas of northern Europe, especially on the 
southern and western coasts of Ireland. 

Sex. Syst. Cryptog. fuci. Nal. Syst. Cera- 
raiaceae. 

Greville, Alg. Brit, 129. Dunglison, New 
Rem. 6th ed. p. 210. 

It is of a yellowish or purplish color, 
translucent, nearly tasteless, and scentless. 
It is nutritive and demulcent, and affords a 
useful article of diet to convalescents. It 
has also been recommended in scrofula, and 
bowel and pectoral affections. Before using, 
it should be soaked in cold water to remove 
any salt or other impurities. 



Decoction of Carrageen. 

R. Carrageen, sliced, half an ounce. 

Water, three pints. 

Boil for a quarter of an hour, express, and 

strain. B6ral. 

R. Carrageen, sliced, half a drachm. 
New milk, nine fl. ounces. 

Boil to five fl. ounces, strain, and add 



CIOHOEICM. CIMICIFITGA. 



225 



Sugar, half an ounce to an ounce. 

Bitter almond water, one scruple. 

To be taken during the day. Grdfe. 

R. Carrageen, four scruples. 

New milk, twenty-four fl. ounces. 
Boil for ten minutes, express, and add 

Orange-flower water, one ounce 
and a half. 



Dry Carrageen Jelly. 
Saccharated Carrageen Powder. 

R. Carrageen, ten ounces. 

Sugar, forty ounces. 

Wash the carrageen with cold water, then 
boil with sufficient water for an hour, ex- 
press, allow to settle, and decant ; add the 
sugar, evaporate with continued agitation, 
dry in thin layers, and powder. 

Paris Codex. 



Carrageen Jelly. 

R. Carrageen, two drachms. 

New milk, one pint. 

Boil to consistence of jelly, strain, and add 

Sugar, one ounce. 

Bitter almonds, two. 

Radius. 

R. Saccharated carrageen 

powder, four ounces. 

Sugar, two ounces. 

Water, ten ounces. 

Rub together, boil, remove the scum, and 
add 

Orange-flower water, half an ounce. 
It should weigh twelve ounces and a half. 
Paris Codex. 

R. Carrageen, washed, one ounce. 
Water, forty ounces. 

Boil for half an hour, express, strain, and 
add 

White sugar, two ounces. 

Evaporate, stirring continually, to ten 
ounces. Ph. Germ. 



Carrageen Troches. 
R. Saccharated carrageen 

powder, five troyounces. 

Powdered tragacanth, one scruple. 

Mix. Flavor to suit, and with water form 

lozenges of thirty grains each. Mouchon. 



Carrageen Mixture. 
R. Carrageen, half a drachm. 

Water, sufficient 

15 



to obtain six ounces of mucilage 
and add 



strain, 



Phosphate of sodium, one drachm 

and a half. 

Syrup of opium, three drachms. 

A spoonful, every two hours, in hemoptysis. 

Clarus. 



CICHORIUM 

Succory. 



The Cichorium intybus is a perennial her- 
baceous plant, indigenous to Europe, but 
naturalized in many places in this country. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. sequal. Nat. Syst. As- 
teracese. 

The whole plant is bitter, the root the 
most so. It is tonic, aperient, and deob- 
struent. The dried and torrefied root is 
used in Europe to mix with, or as a substi- 
tute for coffee. 



Extract of Succory. 
R. Juice of succcory, at will. 

Evaporate to one-third, cool, filter, and 
evaporate to proper consistence. 

Paris Codex. 
Dose, from ten grains to half a drachm. 



Infusion of Succory. 
R. Dried succory, half an ounce. 

Boiling water, two pints. 

Infuse, and strain, and add 

Syrup of maidenhair, one drachm. 
Cottereau. 



Compound Syrup of Succory. 
R. Juice of succory, 
" dandelion, 

" fumitory, each, 

six ounces. 
Sugar, one pound. 

Boil to proper consistence, and strain. 
Dose, one to two ounces. As a diuretic. 

St. Marie. 



CIMICIFUGA. 

Black Snakeroot. 

This is the root of Cimicifuga racemosa, a 
native, found in many parts of the United 
States, in shady places. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. di-pent. Nat. Syst. Ra- 
nunculaceas. 

Torrey and Gray, Fl. 1. 36. Grifiith, Med. 
Bot. 92. 

The rhizome is thick, contorted, dark 



22G 



CINCHONA. 



brown, with numerous radicles. The odor is 
peculiar and unpleasant, and the taste bit- 
ter and somewhat astringent. It is acro- 
narcotic, and is used in rheumatism, dropsy, 
pectoral affections, chorea, etc. The dose of 
the powder is a drachm, several times a day. 



Decoction of Black Snakeroot. 
R. Black snakeroot 

(contused), one ounce. 

Water, one pint. 

Boil for a short time, and. strain. Dose, 
one to two fl. ounces. Wood. 



Tincture of Black Snakeroot. 
R. Bruised black snakeroot, four 

ounces. 

Alcohol, one pint. 

Digest for fourteen days, and filter. Dose, 

twenty drops or more, three or four times 

a day. Carson. 

Used in rheumatic cases. 



Fluid Extract of Black Snakeroot. 

R. Black snakeroot, in powder, 

No. 80, sixteen troyounces. 

Stronger alcohol, sufficient. 

Moisten powder with four fl. ounces of the 
alcohol, pack in a percolator, add twelve 
fl. ounces of stronger alcohol, and macerate 
for four days. Then displace twenty-four 
fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, eva- 
porate the remainder to two fl. ounces, and 
mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, ten to thirty minims. 



CINCHONA. 
Peruvian Bark. 

This is the bark of several species of Cin- 
chona, all natives of South America. There 
are numerous varieties of this article used 
in medicine, but the, state of our knowledge 
(mi the subject does not permit a reference 
of them to a particular species of the tree, 
except in a few eases. At the revision of 
the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, in 1870, the yellow 
bark was referred to C. Oalisaya, the pale 
bark to C Condaminea, and C. Micrantha, 
and the red bark to Cinchona succirubra. 
(Bee Griffith, Med. Bot. 368.) Peruvian bark 
owes its properties to the presence of several 
alkaloids, oalled quinla, cinchonia, etc. 

it is a bitter tonic and antiperiodic, and is 
usr<l iii ;i variety of diseases, and is given in 
a multitude of forms. The dose in powder 
as a febrifuge is ,-i drachm, frequently re- 

feated ; ai a tonic from ten to thirty grains. 
ts use is now much superseded by that of 
(jiiinia. 



Compound Powder of Peruvian 
Bark. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark, 

Cremor tartar, each, one ounce. 

Powdered cloves, one drachm. 

Mix. A drachm and a half every two 

hours, in the apyrexia of fevers. Ellis. 

R. Powdered Peruvian 

bark, half an ounce. 

Virginia snakeroot, one drachm. 

Bicarbonate of sodium, two scrup. 
Mix, and divide into four powders, one to 
be given every two hours, in apyrexia of 
obstinate intermittents. Ellis. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark, 

u uva ursi, each, one or 

two drachms. 
" opium, three grains. 

Mix, and divide into six powders ; one to 
be taken three or four times a day, fol- 
lowed by a draught of two ounces of lime 
water. Antilithic. Ferriar. 

R. Powdered Peruvian 

bark, one ounce. 

Tartar emetic, two grains. 

Powdered opium, one grain. 

Mix, and divide into eight powders ; one to 
be taken every two hours. Brera. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark, 
Sulphate of magnesium, 

each, six drachms. 

Mix, and divide into four powders. One 
every two hours, where purging is required, 
and at the same time a tonic impression to 
be made. Ellis. 

R. Powdered Peruvian 

bark, thirty grains. 

Aromatic powder, ten grains. 

Make a powder, to be taken in a cup of 

milk every three hours. In convalescence 

from fevers. A. T. Thomson. 



Powder of Peruvian Bark and Arnica. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, } , 

" arnica root, >• ^ . 

" camphor, ) pans ' 

Mix. As an application to gangrenous 
ulcers. Cadet. 



Powder of Peruvian Bark and 
Cascarilla. 

R. Powdered Peruvian 

bark, two drachms. 

" cascarilla, twelve grains. 

Mix. In apyrexia of intermittents. Foy. 



CINCHONA, 



227 



Powder of Peruvian Bark and 
Camphor. 

B. Powdered Peruvian 

bark, half an ounce. 
" camphor, one scruple. 



gurn Arabic, 



two 
drachms. 



Mix. As an application to atonic ulcers. 

Ph. Gen. 



Peruvian Bark Dentifrice Powders. 
B. Powdered Peruvian bark, 

one ounce and a half. 
" red saunders, half an 

ounce. 
Oil of bergamot, 

Oil of cloves, each, twelve drops. 
Mix. Huf eland. 

B. Powdered Peruvian 



•bark, three ounces. 



" cremor tartar, "^ each, 

" sage leaves, > half an 

" myrrh, ) ounce. 

" catechu, six drachms. 

Oil of cloves, sixteen drops. 

Mix. Hesse Ph. 

B. Powdered Peruvian bark, one oz. 
" orris root, } each, 

" sage leaves, v half an 

" myrrh, ) ounce. 

Mix. Fulda Disp. 

B. Powdered Peruvian bark, two 

ounces. 

" chloride of ammonium, 

half an ounce. 

" orris root, one ounce. 

" catechu, 

" myrrh, each, six 

drachms. 

Oil of cloves, twelve drops. 

Mix. Pideret. 



Powder of Peruvian Bark and 
Valerian. 

B. Powdered Peruvian 

bark, two drachms. 
u valerian, one drachm. 

Mix. Divide into four powders. In ner- 
vous disorders. Ratier. 



Powder of Peruvian Bark and 
Isinglass. 

B. Powdered Peruvian 

bark, one ounce. 

Isinglass, one drachm and a half. 



Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. 
Dose, at first, from three to six a day, in 
passive menorrhagia, leucorrhcea, chronic 
diarrhoea, etc. Brera. 



Peruvian Bark Mixture. 
B. Powdered cinchona, half an ounce. 

Confection of opium, one drachm. 

Lemon juice, two fl. drachms. 

Port wine, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. A wineglassful every two hours, in 
the apyrexia of intermittent fever. Meigs. 

B. Powdered cinchona, six drachms. 

Confection of opium, three 

drachms. 

Cremor tartar, two drachms. 

Water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every hour. Dewees. 

B. Powdered Peruvian bark, 

two drachms. 
Wine of opium, sixty drops. 

Nitrate of potassium, five grains. 
Infusion of gentian, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. An ounce every two hours. 

Pierquin. 

R. Powdered Peruvian 



bark. 



two drachms. 



Compound tincture of 

bark, one fl. ounce. 

Decoction of red bark, 

three fl. ounces. 

Syrup, half fl. ounce. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every one or two 

hours in the apyrexia. Ellis. 



Extract of Pale Cinchona. 

B. Bruised pale bark, one part. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. .893, four parts. 

Digest for twenty-four hours, express, strain, 
and repeat operation with two parts of al- 
cohol of same strength. Distil the mixed 
tinctures and evaporate to proper consist- 
ence. Ph. Germ. 
The vinous extract of Peruvian bark of 
some old pharmacopoeias was made with 
white wine in the same manner. 



Cold Prepared Aqueous Extract of 
Cinchona. 

B. Bruised pale bark, two parts. 

Distilled w T ater, twelve parts. 

Macerate for two days, express, strain, and 
repeat operation with six parts of distilled 
water. Evaporate the clear mixed liquids 
to one and a half parts, cool, filter, and 
evaporate to proper consistence. Ph. Germ. 



228 



CINCHONA, 



Extract of Yellow Cinchona. 

B. Yellow bark in fine 

powder, twelve troyounces. 

Alcohol, three pints. 

Water, sufficient. 

Macerate the bark in twenty fl. ounces of 
alcohol for four days, and obtain tincture 
by displacement. When the liquid measures 
three pints, set aside and obtain six pints 
of infusion. Distil off alcohol from tinc- 
ture, and evaporate infusion to the consist- 
ence of thin honey ; m x, and evaporate to 
proper consistence. The extract of red bark 
is prepared in the same way. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, ten to thirty grains. 



Precipitated Extract of Cinchona. 
B. Bruised yellow bark, two pounds. 

Distilled water, one gallon. 

Muriatic acid, half a fl. ounce. 
Boil and strain. Then boil the residue 
twice in an equal quantity of acidulated 
water. Mix the decoctions, filter, and add 
lime, while precipitation occurs. Wash 
the precipitate, exhaust it with hot alcohol, 
and evaporate by a water-bath, to a pilular 
consistence. 

Dose, two to five grains. C. Ellis. 



Compound Bolus of Extract of 
Peruvian Bark. 

B Extract of Peruvian 

bark, twenty grains. 

Nitrate of potassium, thirty grs. 
Confection of orange- 
peel, sufficient. 
Mix, and form five boluses. Pierquin. 



Compound Pills of Extract of 
Peruvian Bark. 

B. Extract of Peruvian 

bark, one drachm. 

Extract of opium, one grain. 

Camphor, twelve grains. 

Powdered Peruvun 

bark, sufficient. 

Beat into a mass, and form twelve pills. 
One to be taken three or four times a day. 

Ellis. 

B. Extract of Peruvian bark, " 

" rhubarb, I equal 

u gentian, | parts. 

" blessed thistle, 

Beal Into a mass, and form pills of four 
grains. Dose, one or two, three limes a 
day. St. Marie. 



B. Extract of Peruvian bark, 

" gentian, each, one 

drachm. 

Sulphate of iron, half a drachm. 

Powdered myrrh, one drachm. 

Oil of caraway, ten drops. 

Syrup of ginger, sufficient. 

Beat well together, and divide into forty 

pills. Three to be taken three times a day. 

In the apyrexia of intermittents. 

Thomson. 

B. Extract of Peruvian 

bark, two drachms. 

Powdered alum, one drachm. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and divide into thirty-six pills. Four 
to be taken every four or six hours. In 
passive hemorrhages. A. T. Thomson. 



Decoction of Yellow Cinchona. 
B. Yellow cinchona, 

bruised, one ounce. 

Water, one pint. 

Boil for fifteen minutes, strain, and add 
sufficient water to make a pint. Dose, 
two fl. ounces. U. S. Ph. 

The decoction of red bark is prepared in 
the same manner ; that of Brit. Ph. is of 
nearly the same strength. 

B. Red cinchona, bruised, one ounce. 

Water, one pint. 

Boil for ten minutes, and, while hot, add 

Virginia snakeroot, half an ounce. 

Orange-pee], two drachms. 

Infuse for half an hour, near the fire, in a 
covered vessel. Dose, a wineglassful every 
hour. Ellis. 



Decoction of Cinchona Mixture. 

B. Decoction of cinchona, six ounces. 

Tincture of cinchona, one ounce. 

Diluted sulphuric acid, one 

drachm. 

Syrup of orange-peel, half an ounce. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every hour or two. 

Foy. 

B. Decoction of cinchona, eight 

ounces. 
Infusion of arnica 

flowers, six ounces. 

Camphor, two scruples. 

Syrup of toln, one ounce. 

Mucilage of gum, four ounces. 

Mix. To be taken in divided doses, during 

the day. JSrugnatelli. 



CINCHONA 



229 



Decoction of Peruvian Bark and 
Cascarilla. 

B. Peruvian bark, one ounce. 

Cascarilla, two drachms. 



Water, 



twelve fl. ounces. 



Boil to eight ounces, express, and strain, 
and add, when cold, 

Sulphuric ether, two drachms. 



Mix. 



Copenhagen Ph. 



Decoction of Cinchona and Rhatany. 
B. Peruvian bark, 

Rhatany, each, half an ounce. 

Water, sufficient 

to obtain nine ounces of decoction ; strain, 
and add 

Vinous extract of 

cinchona, four scruples. 

Compound tincture 

of cinchona, one fl. drachm. 

Citron water, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. In chronic diarrhoea. Brera. 



Compound Decoction of Cinchona. 

B. Bruised cinchona, one ounce. 

Yirginia snakeroot, half an ounce. 
Orange-peel, two drachms. 

Powdered cloves, one drachm. 
Carbonate of potassium, one 

drachm. 

Mix. Put the mixture into a proper ves- 
sel, with three half pints of water, boil 
down gently to one pint ; let settle, decant. 
Dose, a wineglassful every hour, for eight 
hours, in the apyrexia. Dewees. 



Infusion of Yellow Cinchona. 
B. Yellow cinchona, in 

powder, No. 50, one troy ounce. 
Aromatic sulphuric 

acid, one fl. drachm. 

Water, sufficient. 

Mix the acid with a pint of water ; moisten 
the powder with half a fl. ounce of the mix- 
ture, pack firmly in a glass funnel and dis- 
place a pint, using the mixture, and after- 
wards water. JJ. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. ounces. 
The infusion of red bark is prepared in 
the same manner. 

B. Bruised yellow 

cinchona, half an ounce (avoir.). 
Boiling distilled water, ten fl. 

ounces. 



Infuse for two hours and strain. Brit. Ph. 
This represents twenty-two grains of cin- 
chona in the fl. ounce, eight grains less than 
the preceding. 



Infusion of Cinchona and Serpentarla. 

B. Bruised cinchona, ten drachms. 
Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse for four hours, then boil for half an 
hour, then add 

Yirginia snakeroot, two drachms. 

Infuse for two hours, and strain. Saunders. 



Infusion of Cinchona and Magnesia. 

B. Powdered cinchona, one ounce. 

Magnesia, one drachm. 

Boiling water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Infuse for twelve hours, express, and strain. 
Said to be more astringent than other in- 
fusions. Van Mons. 



Compound Infusion of Cinchona. 
B. Cinchona, 

Juniper berries, each, one drachm. 

Orange-peel, 

Cinnamon, each, two drachms. 

Canella, half a drachm. 

Ipecacuanha, fifteen grains. 

Boiling water, seven fl. ounces. 
Infuse and strain, then add 

Extract of juniper 

berries, one drachm and a half. 

In spoonful doses, in atonic dropsies. 

Bories. 



Infusion of Cinchona with Can- 
tharides. 

B. Infusion of cinchona, six fl. ounces. 
Tincture of cantharides, 

" opium, each, half a 

fl. ounce. 

Mix. A teaspoonful or more, thrice daily, 
in chronic hooping-cough. Graves. 



Fluid Extract of Cinchona. 
B. Yellow cinchona in powder, 

No. 80, sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, four fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, 

Water, each, sufficient. 

Prepare a mixture of half a pint of alcohol, 
three fl. ounces of glycerin, and five fl. 



230 



CINCHONA, 



ounces of water ; with five fl. ounces of it 
moisten the cinchona, pack into a glass 
percolator, add the remainder of the mix- 
ture and macerate for four days. Then 
percolate with diluted alcohol to obtain 
two pints of tincture, reserve the first four- 
teen fl. ounces, add to the remainder one 
fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate to two fl. 
ounces, and mix with reserved portion. 
Dose, ten to thirty minims. JJ. S. Ph. 

R. Yellow cinchona in coarse 

powder, one pound (avoir.). 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 

Macerate the cinchona with two pints of 
water for twenty-four hours, then displace, 
adding more water until twelve pints of 
infusion are obtained ; evaporate this below 
160° to a pint, filter, evaporate again to 
three fl. ounces, and when cool, stir in the 
alcohol. Specific gravity about 1.100. 
Dose, ten to thirty minims. Brit. Ph. 



Electuary of Cinchona. 

R. Powdered cinchona, one ounce. 

Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. 

A teaspoonful every hour. Radius. 

Powdered cloves or other aromatics may 

be added. 



Astringent Electuary of Cinchona. 

R. Powdered cinchona, 

" orange-peel, 

each, . six drachms. 
" crabs' eyes, 

two drachms. 
Confection of red roses, 
" rose hips, each, 

six drachms. 
Syrup of catechu, sufficient. 

Mix. Dose, one drachm, two or three 
times a day, in chronic diarrhoea. 

Saunders. 



Electuary of Cinchona and Catechu. 
R. Powdered cinchona, 



one ounce. 



catechu, 



Balsam of tolu, each, one drnchm. 
Syrup of comfrey, sufficient. 

Divide into ten doses, one to be taken 
twice 0T three times a day, in some appro- 
priate vehicle. Much praised in hemopty- 

sis. Pierquin. 



Electuary of Cinchona and Tin. 

R. Powdered cinchona, one ounce. 
" tin, 

" valerian, each, 

half an ounce. 
Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix. Dose, a drachm, morning and even- 
ing, in epilepsy. Cadet. 



Electuary of Cinchona and Rhubarb. 

R. Powdered yellow cinchona, 

ten drachms. 
" rhubarb, four drachms. 

Chloride of ammonium, 

two scruples. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix. For twenty doses. DorvaulL 



Electuary of Cinchona and Iron. 

R. Powdered cinchona, six drachms. 

Yallet's mass, 

Confection of opium, 

each, two drachms. 

Syrup of cinnamon, sufficient. 
Mix. Dose, a drachm, morning and even- 
ing, in ascites, after the evacuation of the 
fluid. Cadet. 



Tincture of Cinchona. 
R. Yellow cinchona, in powder, 

No. 50, six troy ounces. 

Alcohol, 
Water, each, sufficient. 

Mix three measures of alcohol with one of 
water, moisten the cinchona with two fluid- 
ounces, and displace two pints of tincture. 

U. S. Ph. 

The tincture of Brit. Ph. is almost of 
same strength, but made with a weaker 
alcohol of 0.920 specific gravity ; that of 
Ph. Germ, is also nearly of same strength, 
but made with pale bark. The tinctures 
of gray, red, and yellow cinchona of the 
Paris Codex correspond with that of U. S. 
Ph. 

Generally employed as an adjuvant to 
other preparations of bark, in the dose of 
one to four fluidrachms. 



Compound Tincture of Peruvian Bark. 
(Huxham's Tincture.) 

R. Red cinchona, in powder, 

No. 50, four troyounces. 

Bitter orange-peel, in powder, 
No. 50, three troyounces. 



CINCnOXA. 



231 



Virginia snakeroot, in powder, 



No. 50, 



six drachms. 



sufficient. 



Alcohol, 

Water, each, 
Moisten the mixed powders with four fl. 
ounces of a mixture of three measures of 
alcohol to one of water, and displace two 
pints and a half of tincture. U. S. Ph. 

R. Pale cinchona, in moderately fine 
powder, two ounces (avoir.) 
Bitter orange-peel, cut and 

bruised, oue ounce " 

Serpentaria, bruised, 

half an ounce u 
Saffron, sixty grains. 

Cochineal, in powder, 

thirty grains. 
Proof spirit, sp. 

gr. 0.920, one pint (Imper.) 
Macerate the dry materials for forty-eight 
hours in fifteen fluidounces of the spirit, 
transfer to a percolator, add remaining five 
fl. ounces of spirit, and when fluid ceases to 
pass, express the contents of the percolator, 
filter the product, mix the liquids, and add 
enough proof spirit to make one pint im- 
perial. Brit. Ph. 

R. Pale cinchona, bruised, six parts. 
Bitter orange-peel, bruised, 
Gentian, bruised, each, two parts. 
Cinnamon, bruised, one part. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.892, fifty parts. 
Digest for eight days, express, and filter. 

Ph. Germ. 
An excellent stomachic and useful ad- 
junct to other preparations of bark. The 
last formula is Whytt's tonic elixir. 
Dose, a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 



Tincture of Peruvian Bark and 
Valerian. 

R. Tincture of Peruvian bark, 
valerian, each, 

one fl. ounce. 
" cardamom, 

two fl. drachms. 
Mint water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every three hours, 
as a tonic in nervous temperaments. 

Ellis. 



Ammoniated Tincture of Cinchona. 

R. Powdered cinchona, one ounce. 
Ammoniated alcohol, 

eight fl. ounces. 

Macerate for eight days in a covered vessel, 
express, and filter. Swediaur. 



Tincture of Bark and Cantharides. 
R. Tincture of bark, three ounces. 
Paregoric elixir, half an ounce. 
Tincture of Spanish 

flies, one drachm. 

Mix. Used, it is stated, with great suc- 
cess, in hooping-cough. To be given in 
small doses, until a slight strangury is 
caused. Sutcliffe. 



Cataplasm of Peruvian Bark. 

R. Cataplasm of linseed 

meal, one pound. 

Powdered Peruvian 

bark, four ounces. 

Mix. Foy. 

R. Powdered Peruvian bark, 
M charcoal, 

each, one ounce. 

M camphor, one drachm 

and a half. 
Oil of turpentine, sufficient. 

Mix. Phoebus. 

These cataplasms are employed as appli- 
cations to gangrenous ulcers, etc. 



Cerate of Peruvian Bark. 

R. Simple cerate, eight ounces. 

Camphor, one drachm and a half. 
Rub together, and gradually incorporate . 
Decoction of Peruvian 

bark, one ounce. 

An application to ill-conditioned ulcers. 

Van Mons. 



Peruvian Bark Pomatum. 

R. Extract of Peruvian 

bark, half a drachm. 

Oil of roses, two drops. 

" bergamot, eight drops. 

Beef marrow, half an ounce. 

Incorporate well. As an application to 

promote the growth of the hair. Phoebus. 



Clyster of Peruvian Bark. 

R. Decoction of Peruvian 

bark, four ounces. 

Yolk of egg, one. 

Powdered Peruvian 

bark, three drachms. 

Tincture of opium, twelve drops. 

Mix. Radius. 



232 



CINCHONA 



R. Extract of Peruvian 

bark, half a drachm. 

Warm water, four fl. ounces. 

Dissolve, and add 

Olive oil, half a fl. ounce. 

Tincture of opium, ten drops. 

Mix. To be administered every four hours, 
in the apyrexia of intermittents. Ellis. 



Gargle of Peruvian Bark. 

R. Tincture of Peruvian bark, 
Syrup of mulberries, 



each. 



four fl. drachms. 



Spirit of horseradish, one 

fl. drachm. 

Infusion of sage, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. In obstinate sore throat, when active 
inflammation has subsided. Cadet. 



Lotion of Peruvian Bark. 

R. Extract of Peruvian bark, 

Sulphuric ether, each, one drachm. 
Alcohol, seven drachms. 

Mix. As a friction, three times a day, in 
weakness of the back. Augustin. 



Peruvian Bark Beer. 

R. Bruised Peruvian 

bark, one and a half ounces. 
Cinnamon, two drachms. 

Grated nutmeg, seven drachms. 
Yeast, two ounces. 

Sugar, twenty-five ounces. 

Water, one hundred fl. ounces. 

Mix, and expose to a warm temperature. 
After fermentation, decant and strain. 
Three or four glasses to be taken during 
the apyrexia of intermittents. 

Ferrara Ph. 



Syrup of Cinchona. 

R. Powdered yellow 

cinchona, four troyounces. 

Alcohol of 30 per ct., 
8 1 1 gat, each, forty tntyounccs. 
Water, suflicient. 

Displace the cinchona first with the alcohol, 
then with water to obtain forty troyounces 
of tincture; distil off alcohol, cool, filter, 
and with the sugar make syrup weighing 
sixty-one troyonncee. Paris Codex. 



Vinous Syrup of Cinchona. 

R. Extract of yellow 

cinchona, half a troyounce. 

Malaga wine, twenty-one 

troyounces and a half. 

Sugar, twenty-eight troyounces. 

Dissolve the extract in the wine, afterwards 

the sugar, and strain. Dose, a tablespoon- 

ful. Paris Codex. 

The vinous syrup of pale cinchona is made 

in the same manner, using a troyounce of 

extract. 



Syrup of Cinchona and Iron. 
R. Vinous syrup of pale 

cinchona, one hundred parts. 

Ammonio-citrate of iron, one part. 

Distilled water, two parts. 

Dissolve the salt in the water, and mix with 

syrup. Paris Codex. 



Wine of Cinchona. 

R. Yellow cinchona, 

bruised, three parts. 

Alcohol of 60 per ct., six parts. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, and add 

Red wine, one hundred parts. 

Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 
Paris Codex. 
Ph. Germ, directs five parts of Calisaya 
to one hundred of red wine. 
Dose, one to two fluidounces. 



Compound Wine of Cinchona. 
R. Bruised yellow cinchona, ten 

parts. 

" bitter orange-peel, 

" chamomile, each, one part. 

Alcohol, of 80 per ct., ten parts. 

Good white wine, ninety parts. 

Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 
Dose, a tablespoonful. Paris Codex. 



Wine of Cinchona and Iron. 
R. Pyrophosphate of iron, ten parts. 

Extract of pale cinchona, five parts. 

White wine, one thousand parts. 
Dissolve and filter. Dose, a tablespoonful 
or two. Robiquet. 



Aromatic Fluid Extract of Cinchona. 

R. Yellow cinchona, 

sixteen troyounces. 
Calamus, ^ each, two 

Cardamom, y hundred and fifty- 
Ginger, ) six grains. 



CINCHONIA. 



233 



Sugar, nine troyounces and five 
drachms. 

Displace the cinchona in fine powder with 
diluted alcohol until four pints of tincture 
have been obtained ; reserve the first pint, 
distil and evaporate the remainder to six 
fluidounces, dissolve in it the sugar, add the 
reserved portion and strain while hot. 
Make up to two pints with tincture obtained 
by percolating the finely powdered aro- 
inatics with alcohol. 

Each teaspoonful represents thirty grains 
of Calisaya bark and one grain of each of 
the aromatics. Squibb. 



Elixir of Calisaya. 
R. Yellow cinchona, one troy ounce. 

Orange-peel, four drachms. 

Coriander, two drachms. 

Cochineal, one drachm. 

Displace the finely powdered articles with 
a mixture of twelve measures of deodorized 
alcohol and ten of water until twenty-two 
fluidounces are obtained, add twenty grains 
of tartaric acid and five fluidounces each of 
glycerin and syrup, and after standing a 
day, filter. Newark Ph. Assoc. 

Each fluidounce represents fifteen grains 
of Calisaya bark. 



CINCEONIA. 

ClNCHONIA. 

An alkaloid existing in Peruvian bark ; 
most abundant in the pale kinds. 

It is obtained from the mother waters, 
from which sulphate of quinia has been 
crystallized, by rendering them alkaline 
with soda, washing the precipitate with 
small quantities of cold alcohol to remove 
other alkaloids, dissolving residue in diluted 
sulphuric acid, decolorizing solution with 
animal charcoal, and crystallizing. By re- 
dissolving the crystals in acidulated water, 
precipitating with ammonia, washing with 
water and crystallizing from hot alcohol, 
cinchonia is obtained in white translucent 
crystals, which are almost insoluble in 
water, ammonia water, and ether, and have 
a bitter taste. 

Tartrate of cinchonia is obtained by pre- 
cipitating solution of sulphate of cinchonia 
with tartrate of potassium ; picrate and tan- 
nate of cinchonia are deposited on adding 
picric or tannic acid to solution of sulphate 
of cinchonia ; sulphate, muriate, nitrate, 
phosphate, and kinate of cinchonia are pre- 
pared by saturating the warm diluted acid 
with the alkaloid, and crystallizing. 



Pills of Cinchonia. 
R. Cinchonia, one scruple. 

Confection of roses, sufficient. 



Mix, and form twenty-four pills. Dose, two 

to p.icrht,. On Apt. 



to eight. 



Cadet. 



Fills of Sulphate of Cinchonia. 

R. Sulphate of cinchonia, half 

a drachm. 

Confection of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and make thirty pills. Dose, one to 

eight. Cadet. 



Bolus of Cinchonia. 

R. Sulphate of cinchonia, three grains. 

Crumb of bread, } 

Hone}r, v each, sufficient. 

Liquorice, ) 

Mix, and form a bolus. One every two 
hours. Brera. 



Syrup of Cinchonia. 

R. Sulphate of cinchonia, forty-eight 

grains. 

Syrup, one pint. 

Mix. A tablespoonful is a dose. Cadet. 

R. Sulphate of cinchonia, twentj^-four 

grains. 

Orange-flower water, two 

fl. drachms. 

Syrup, twelve fl. ounces. 

Mix. As above. Giordano. 



Wine of Cinchonia. 

R. Sulphate of cinchonia, twenty-four 

grains. 
Madeira wine, two pints. 

Make solution, and filter. Dose, one to 
four ounces. Cottereau. 



Tincture of Cinchonia. 

R. Sulphate of cinchonia, twelve 

grains. 

Alcohol, one ounce. 

Dissolve. Dose, a teaspoonful. Foy. 



Mixture of Sulphate of Cinchonia. 

R. Sulphate of cinchonia, three 

grains. 

Peppermint water, three ounces. 

Syrup of capillaire, one ounce. 
Mix. To be taken in four doses, during 
the day. Cadet, 



234 



CINNAMOMUM. 



CINNAMOMUM. 

Cinnamon. 

This is the bark of Cinnamomum Zeylani- 
cum, and C. aromaticum, and also, perhaps, 
of other species ; all natives of various parts 
of the tropical regions of Asia. That most 
commonly used in this country is what is 
termed cassia,in commerce, and is imported 
from China. 

Sex. Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Lauraceas. 

Nees, Laurinese. 52. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
555. 

Chinese cinnamon is in tubular pieces, of 
a light brownish-red color, of an aromatic, 
warm, agreeahle taste, and of a fragrant, 
peculiar smell. Ceylon cinnamon occurs in 
quills consisting of six or more strips of thin 
bark convoluted around each other ; it is 
much lighter in color, and more agreeable 
in odor and Taste ; it is the only kind recog- 
nized by Brit. Ph. Both kinds are warm 
cordial stimulants, and astringents. 

Dose, in powder, ten grains to a scruple. 



Compound Powder of Cinnamon. 

R. Powdered cinnamon, 

" cardamom seeds, 

" ginger, each, one ounce. 

Mix thoroughly. Brit. Ph. 

R. Powdered cinnamon, five parts. 

u cardamom fruit, three 

parts. 

" ginger, two parts. 

Mix thoroughly. Ph. Germ. 

Stimulant, and carminative. Dose, ten 
to thirty grains, in debility of the stomach, 
with flatulence. See also Aromatic Pow- 
der, page 206. 



R. Powdered cinnamon, 



twenty 
grains, 
cloves, twelve grains. 



vanilla. 



six grams. 

six drachms. 

half an ounce. 



Pvice flour, 
Sugar, 

Mix. Dose, six grains to a scruple. 

Spiclmann. 



Cinnamon Lozenges. 

U. Powdered sugar, 

Cinnamon water, each, six ounces. 

Boil to syrup, and add 

Powdered sugar, one pound. 

Oil of cinnamon, one drachm and 

a half. 

Mix, make lozenges, and dry. Tdddei. 



Compound Electuary of Cinnamon. 

R. Confection of orange-peel, 

three ounces. 

" nutmeg, one ounce 

and a half. 

" ginger, six drachms. 

Powdered cinnamon, half an 

ounce. 

Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. 

Mix. Swediaur. 



Infusion of Cinnamon. 
R. Bruised cinnamon, half an ounce. 
Boiling water, two pints. 

Infuse. In dyspepsia and nervous colics. 

Radius. 



Compound Vinegar of Cinnamon. 
R. Cinnamon,) 

Cloves, >- each, one drachm. 

Nutmeg, ) 

Peppermint, half an ounce. 

Lavender, 

Rosemary, each, one ounce. 

Yinegar, eight fl. ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, twenty fl. ounces. 

Mix, and distil twenty-eight ounces. Used 
as an aromatic. Van 



Wine of Cinnamon. 
R. Powdered cinnamon, one troy- 
ounce 
Malaga wine, a pint. 

Macerate for a week, and filter. Btral. 



Compound "Wine of Cinnamon. 

R. Powdered cinnamon, "1 



Cloves, 
Mace, 
Cardamom, 
White wine, 
Digest, filter, and add 
Suiiar, 



each, half 
a drachm. 

two pints. 



ten ounces. 



As a cordial stomachic and stimulant. 

Augustin. 



Tincture of Cinnamon. 
R. Cinnamon in powder, 

No. (10, three ounces. 

Alcohol, 

Water, each, sufficient. 

Displace with a mixture of two measures of 
alcohol to one of water, until two pints 
have been obtained. U. S. Ph. 



CINXAMOMUM. 



235 



Dose, one to four fl. drachms. 

A fluidounce represents forty-five grains, 
that of Brit. Ph. about fifty-tour, and that 
of Ph. Germ, and Paris Codex about 
ninety grains of cinnamon. 



Compound Tincture of Cinnamon. 

R. Bruised cinnamon, one ounce. 

" cardamom, half an ounce. 

B ginger, three drachms. 

Diluted alcohol, two pints. 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 1840. 

A warm, aromatic tincture, useful in 

flatulence, gastrodynia, etc. Dose, one to 

two fl. drachms. 

R. Cinnamon, four parts. 

Cardamom, 

Cloves, 

Galagal, 

Ginger, 

Alcohol (0.892), fifty parts. 

Digest for eight days, express, and filter. 
This is the aromatic tincture of Ph. 
Germ. 



each, one part. 



Tincture of Cinnamon Gargle. 
R. Tincture of cinnamon, one part. 

Syrup of currants, two parts. 

Peppermint water, sixteen parts. 
Mix. In malignant sore throat. Foy. 



Ethereal Tincture of Cinnamon. 

R. Bruised cinnamon, three drachms. 

" cardamom, half an ounce. 

u angelica, one drachm and 

a half. 

u long pepper, one drachm. 

Sulphuric ether, five fl. ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, ten fl. ounces. 

Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. 

Stomachic and carminative. Dose, thirty 

to fifty drops. Niemann. 



Spirit of Cinnamon. 
Essence of Cinnamon. 

R. Oil of cinnamon, one fl. ounce. 
Stronger alcohol, fifteen fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. 

Dose, twenty to thirty minims. U. S. Ph. 

R. Powdered cinnamon, one part. 
Alcohol of 80 per ct., eight parts. 
Macerate for four days, add some water, 
and distil iu water-bath eight parts. 

Paris Codex. 
Dose, a teaspoonful. 



The compound spirit of cinnamon of 
Paris Codex contains twenty-two aroma- 
tics. 



Cinnamon Water. 

R. Oil of cinnamon, half fl. drachm. 

Carbonate of magnesium, one 

drachm. 

Distilled water, two pints. 

Eub the oil with the magnesia, and both 
with the water, and filter. U. S. Ph. 

R. Cinnamon in 

powder, No. 20, nine troy ounces. 

Water, eight pints. 

Macerate, and distil four pints. U. S. Ph. 

Cinnamon water of Brit. Ph. is of same 
strength. Paris Codex distils from one 
part of cinnamon four parts, and Ph. Germ. 
ten parts of water. 

Mostly employed as a vehicle or adjuvant 
to other medicines ; the distilled cinnamon 
water is most pleasant. 



Spirituous (Vinous) Cinnamon 
Water. 

R. Bruised cinnamon, one part. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.892, one part. 
Water, ten parts. 

Macerate, and distil five parts. Ph. Germ. 
More stimulating than the former. 



Syrup of Cinnamon. 

R. Cinnamon, bruised, two parts. 
Spirituous cinnamon 

water, twelve parts. 

Hose water, two parts. 

Macerate for two days, and in eleven parts 
of the filtrate dissolve 

Sugar, eighteen parts. 

Ph. Germ. 



Oil of Cinnamon. 

R. Bruised cinnamon, five parts. 

Water, twenty parts. 

Macerate for two days, and add 

Sea salt, one part. 

Distil five parts, separate the oil, return 

the distilled water, and distil again ; repeat 

this operation as long as any oil is obtain d. 

Paris Codex. 



Cinnamon Spice Plaster. 
R. Olibanum, three ounces. 

Yellow wax, half an ounce. 

Powdered cinnamon, six drachms. 



236 



COCCULUS. — COCHLEARIA 



Oil of pimento, 

" lemons, each, two drachms. 
Melt the wax and olibanum, and add the 
cinnamon, rubbed with the oils. Coxe. 



COCCULUS. 

Cocculus Indicus. 

This is the fruit of Anamirta cocculus, a 
woody vine, native of the East Indies. 

Hex. Syst. Dicec. dodecand. Nat. Syst. 
Menispermacese. 

Wight and Arnott, 1, 446. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 105. 

The berries are about the size of a pea, 
roundish kidney shaped, with a thin, dry, 
blackish, external coat, inclosing another of 
a lighter color, containing an oily, bitter, 
white kernel. They are inodorous, but of a 
permanent, bitter taste. They are acro-nar- 
cotic, and owe their properties to the pre- 
sence of a peculiar principle, called picro- 
toxin. They are seldom used in medicine. 



Ointment of Cocculus Indicus. 

R. Cocculus indicus, at will. 

Separate the kernels, beat them in a mor- 
tar ; first alone, then with a little lard ; 
finally, add lard equal to five times the 
weight of kernels. Ed. Ph. 

Used for the destruction of vermin, and 
in the treatment of ringworms and scabies 
of the scalp. 



R 



Ointment of Picrotoxin. 

Picrotoxin, six grains. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mil well. In tinea. Radius. 



COCCUS. 
Cochineal. 

Cochineal is a small, hemipterous insect, 
inhabiting Mexico and some parts of South 
America, living principally on different 
Bpecies of cactus, and especially the Opuntia 
cochinillifera. It is in grains of a reddish- 
black color, often covered with a white 
powder. It lias a feeble odor, and a bit- 
terish, Bomewhat acidulous taste. The 
powder is of a reddish-purple color, tinging 
fluids of a deep n-<i. it is said to be some- 
what anodyne and antispasmodic, hut is 
principally used as a coloring agent. 



u. 



Tincture of Cochineal. 

Powdered cochineal, two ounces 
and a half. 

Proof spirit, twenty 11. ounces. 



Macerate seven days, express, and filter. 

Brit. Ph. 
Advised in convulsive coughs. Dose, 
twenty drops to a fl. drachm. 



Mixture of Cochineal and Carbonate 
of Potassium. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, one 

scruple. 
Powdered cochineal, half a scruple. 
Sugar, one drachm. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 

Make mixture. Dose, for children, a tea- 
spoonful, every two or three hours. A 
highly popular remedy in hooping-cough. 

Ellis. 



Mixture of Cochineal and Common 
Salt. 

R. Common salt, three drachms. 

Powdered cochineal, fifteen grains. 

Divide into six doses. One to be taken 
every morning, the last followed by a purge. 
As a vermifuge. Rush. 



COCHLEARIA. 

Scurvy Grass. 

Scurvy grass is the Cochlearia officinalis, 
an herbaceous plant, native of the northern 
parts of Europe, and. cultivated there and 
in the United States as a garden herb. 

Sex. Syst. Tetradyn. silic. Nat. Syst. Bras- 
sicacese. 

Griffith, Med. Bot. 131. 

The whole herb is used; it has a pene- 
trating and acrid smell when bruised, and 
a pungent, bitter taste. It is antiscorbutic, 
aperient, and diuretic. 



Conserve of Scurvy Grass. 

R. Fresh scurvy grass, one part. 

Sugar, three parts. 

Beat together into a pulp and pass through 
a hair sieve. Dose, a teaspoonful. 

Paris Codex. 

Electuary of Scurvy Glass. 

R. Conserve of scurvy 

grass, one ounce and a half. 
Calamus, one drachm. 

Syrup of orange-peel, 
Aromatic sulphuric 

acid, each, sufficient. 

Mix. j\ spoonful every two hours, as an 
antiscorbutic. Augustin, 



' 



CODEIA. COPFBA. 



237 



Spirit of Scurvy Grass. 
B. Fresh scurvy grass, cut, eight 

parts. 
Alcohol, 

Water, each, three parts. 

Macerate, and distil four parts. Ph. Germ. 



Compound Spirit of Scurvy Grass. 

R. Fresh scurvy grass, cut, thirty 

parts. 

Fresh horseradish, cut, four parts. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.864, thirty-five 

parts. 

Macerate and distil thirty parts. 

Paris Codex. 
Used in gargles, and internally in doses 
of twenty to sixty minims, in an appropriate 
liquid. 



Gargle of Scurvy Grass. 
R. Spirit of scurvy grass, one 

drachm. 
Syrup of Peruvian bark, half an 

ounce. 
Infusion of water cress, eight 

ounces. 
Mix. As a gargle in scurvy. Foy. 



CODEIA. 

CODEIA. 

An alkaloid obtained from opium, and 
bearing the same relation to morphia that 
cinchonia does to quinia. It is precipitated 
by tannin, and is soluble in ether, alcohol, 
and eighty parts of water, but is not thrown 
down from a dilute solution of its salts by 
ammonia. It acts somewhat like morphia, 
but is said to produce itching of the skin. 
Dose, half a grain to tw 7 o grains. 



Codeia. 
R. Mother-water of morphia 

(by Gregory's process), at will. 
Evaporate and crystallize ; dissolve the 
crystals, and recrystallize. Treat with so- 
lution of potassa, which dissolves the mor- 
phia and precipitates the codeia ; wash the 
latter with a little water, dissolve in hot 
ether, add a little water, and suffer the so- 
lution to evaporate spontaneously. 

Paris Codex. 



Syrup of Codeia. 

R. Codeia, twelve grains. 

Distilled water, thirty-four 

drachms. 

Sugar, sixty-six drachms. 



Dissolve codeia in water by aid of heat, 
then add sugar and dissolve. Paris Codex. 

A teaspoonful contains one-sixth, a table- 
spoonful nearly two-thirds of a grain. 

Dose, a teaspoonful night and morning, 
gradually increased in neuralgic irritation 
of the stomach, hooping-cough, etc. 



Muriate of Morphia and Codeia. 

R. Opium, at will. 

Treat with water, add a strong solution of 
chloride of calcium, filter with animal char- 
coal, evaporate, and crystallize. 

Magendie. 
Dose, half a grain to a grain. 



COFFEA. 

Coffee. 

Coffee is the product, principally, of Coffea 
Arabica, a small tree, native of the eastern 
coast of Africa, but now cultivated in most 
tropical regions. The varieties are very nu- 
merous, and in some cases probably are de- 
rived from other species. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Cinchonacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 245. Griffith, Med. Bot. 361. 

Raw coffee has febrifuge properties, and 
has been used with success in the treatment 
of intermittents. In a roasted state it acts 
on the nervous system, producing wakeful- 
ness, and also somewhat excites the circu- 
latory system. It is said to be useful in 
periodic asthma, and is an efficient anti- 
emetic. Its active principle, caffeina, is crys- 
tallizable. 



Decoction of Raw Coffee. 
B. Raw coffee, one ounce. 

Water, eighteen fl. ounces. 

Boil to two-thirds, strain, and add 

Lemon juice, two fl. ounces. 

To be taken warm, during the apyrexia. 

Foy. 



Vinegar of Coffee. 

R. Roasted coffee, ground, three 

ounces. 
Vinegar, twelve ounces. 

Boil, strain, and add 

Sugar, one ounce and a half. 

Two spoonfuls occasionally, in poisoning 

by opium, after the evacuation of the poison. 

Pierquin. 



Syrup of Coffee. 

R. Coffee, roasted, four ounces. 

Water, two pints. 

Refined sugar, three pounds. 



238 



COFFEINA 



COLCHICUM 



Infuse the coffee in a pint and a half of the 
water for six hours, boil in a water-bath, 
let settle, decant, and add remainder of the 
water. Let stand for some hours ; decant, 
add sugar, form syrup, and strain. Dose, 
from one ounce to two. Ferrari. 



COFFEINA. 
Caffeina. 



Hypodermic Injection of Caffeina. 

R. Caffeina, six grains. 

Alcohol, 
Distilled water, each, one fl. drachm. 

Dissolve the caffeina in the alcohol and 
add the water. Used hypodermically in 
neuralgia in doses of five or ten minims, 
containing one-fourth or one-half of a grain 
of caffeina; and in opium narcosis in the 
dose of twenty minims, containing one grain 
of caffeina. Eulenburg. 



Citrate of Caffeina. 
B. Caffeina, at will. 

Solution of citric acid, sufficient 
to saturate. Dissolve at a temperature of 
212° F., evaporate, and crystallize. 

This salt is very soluble. Dose, one to 
three grains. 



Pills of Citrate of Caffeina. 
R. Citrate of caffeina, eight grains. 
Extract of dog grass, 
(Triticum repens), fifteen grains. 
Mix, and divide into ten pills. Dose, one 
pill every two hours in sick headache. 

Hannon. 



Syrup of Citrate of Caffeina. 
R. Citrate of caffeina, five drachms. 
Simple syrup, eight fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. 

Dose, a teaspoonful every two hours, in 
sick headache. Hannon. 



COLCHICUM. 

CoLonicuM. 

The Colchicum autumnale, or meadow saf- 
fron, is ;i bulbous plant, a native of most 
parti of Europe, flowering in the autumn, 
and putting forth its loaves and perfecting 

its seed the succeeding spring. 

Sex. 8yst. Qexand. monog. Nat.Syst. Me- 
lanthacesB. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 488. Griffith, Med. Bot. 044. 
The parts used are the corin and the seeds. 



The first is of a brown color externally, 
white within, rounded on one side, concave 
on the other, of scarcely any smell, but an 
acrid, bitter taste ; the seeds are small, 
rounded, of a brownish-yellow color, and of 
the same taste as the bulb. They owe their 
properties to the presence of colchicia. 

Colchicum is principally used in the va- 
rious forms of gout and rheumatism. It is 
an active irritant, and in large doses, acro- 
narcotic. The dose of the powdered bulb is 
two to eight grains, every four or six hours ; 
that of the seeds much the same. 



Extract of Colchicum. 

R. Fresh colchicum bulb, at will. 

Bruise in a stone mortar, express juice, de- 
cant, heat to boiling, strain, and evaporate 
to proper consistence. Brit. Ph. 

Dose, one or two grains. 



Acetic Extract of Colchicum. 

R. Fresh colchicum corm, seven 

pounds (avoir.). 
Acetic acid, six fl. ounces. 

Bruise, gradually adding acid, express, de- 
cant, heat to boiling, strain, and evaporate, 
below 160°, to proper consistence. 

Brit. Ph. 

R. Colchicum root, in powder, 

No. 50, twelve troyounces. 

Acetic acid, four fl. ounces. 

Water, a sufficient quantity. 

Mix the acid with a pint of water, and pour 
on the root. Transfer to a percolator, and 
add water until the liquid passes tasteless. 
Then evaporate to proper consistence. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to two grains, two or three 
times a day. 



Alcoholic Extract of Colchicum Root. 
R. Colchicum root, in 

powder, one part. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.914, six parts. 

Macerate in a percolator for twelve hours, 
displace, adding finally water, until a tur- 
bidity is produced in the tincture; distil 
this, and evaporate to proper consistence. 
Paris Codex. 
Dose, one to two grains. 



Extract of Colchicum Seed. 
R. Powdered colchicum 

seed, one part. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.914, three parts. 

Digest for several hours, and express; re- 

Eeat operation with same quantity of alco- 
ol, filter the mixed tinctures, distil and 
evaporate to an extract; dissolve in four 



COLCHICUM. 



239 



times its weight of cold water, filter, and 
evaporate to proper consistence. 

Paris Codex. 
Dose, one-half to one grain. 



Colchicum Pills. 

R. Acetic extract of 

colchicum, fifteen grains. 

Marshmallow root, sufficient. 

Make ten pills. Dose, one to five a day 
until purgative effect is produced. 

Scudamore. 



Compound Colchicum Pills. 

R. Acetic extract of 

colchicum, three grains. 

Dover's powder, 
Compound extract of 

colocynth, each, one grain. 

Mix, and make a pill. In gout, after having, 
taken, for some days, thirty to forty drops 
of colchicum wine, morning and evening. 

Halford. 



R 



Lartigue's Pills. 
Extract of colchicum 

root, two grains. 

Extract of foxglove, one grain. 

" col. comp., twenty grs. 

Mix, and form five pills. One at night, in 

gout. Lartigues. 



Wine of Colchicum Root. 
R. Colchicum root, bruised, 

twelve troyounces. 

.Sherry wine, sufficient. 

Displace two pints. U. S. Ph. 

Wine of colchicum of Brit. Ph. is about 

one-half this strength. 



Wine of Colchicum Seed. 

R. Colchicum seed, in powder, 

No. 40, four troj-ounces. 

Sherry wine, two pints. 

Macerate for seven days, express, and filter. 

CI. S. Ph. 
"Wine of colchicum, Germ. Ph., is about 
four-fifths this strength. 

The dose of the first, which is a saturated 
wine of the root, is from ten drops to half a 
fl. drachm ; for the second, half to one fl. 
drachm. 

R. Colchicum seed, bruised, three 

ounces. 
Sherry wine, deprived of its 
spirit by evaporation, two pints. 



Macerate for six days, and filter. Taddei. 
This is said to be the formula of the Eau 
medicinale of Husson. 



Tincture of Colchicum Seed. 
R. Colchicum seed, in powder, 

No. 50, four troyounces. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Displace slowly two pints. U. S. Ph. 

Tincture of Brit. Ph. is of about same 

strength. 

R. Colchicum seed, bruised, one part. 
Alcohol, sp. gr. .892, ten parts. 

Digest for eight days, and filter. 

Ph. Germ. 
Dose from half to one fl. drachm. Some- 
times used as an embrocation in gout, rheu- 
matism, and neuralgia. 



Ethereal Tincture of Colchicum Seed. 
R. Colchicum seed, bruised, four 

ounces. 
Spirit of nitrous ether, two pints. 
Digest for ten days and filter. The advan- 
tage claimed for this preparation is a greater 
tendency to act on the kidneys. 

Dose, twenty to thirty drops. Mettauer. 



Compound Tincture of Colchicum 
Seed. 

R. Colchicum seed, bruised, five 

ounces. 
Aromatic spirit of 

ammonia, two pints. 

Macerate for seven days, express, and filter. 

Lond. Ph. 
More stimulating than the last, 
thirty drops to a fl. drachm. 



Tincture of Colchicum Flowers. 
R. Dried colchicum flowers, one 

ounce. 

Diluted alcohol, one pint. 

Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. 



Advised in acute rheumatism. 



Bushell. 



Tincture of Colchicum Root. 

R. Colchicum root, bruised, one part. 
Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.914, five parts. 
Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 
Paris Codex. 
Dose, half to one fl. drachm. 



Vinegar of Colchicum Hoot. 
R. Dried colchicum root, one part. 
White vinegar, twelve parts. 



240 



COLCHICUM, 



Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. 

Paris Codex. 

As a diuretic in dropsy; also given in 

gout, rheumatism, etc. Dose, thirty drops 

to two fl. drachms. 



Oxymel of Colchicum. 
R. Vinegar of colchicum 

root, one part. 

Honey, four parts. 

Boil to sp. gr. 1.26, clarify with paper pulp, 

and strain. Paris Codex. 

R. Yinegar of colchicum 

seed, one part. 

Clarified honey, two parts. 

Mix, evaporate to two parts, and strain. 

Ph. Germ. 



Vinegar of Colchicum Seed. 
R. Colchicum seed, one part. 

Distilled vinegar, four parts. 

Macerate a month, and filter. B6ral. 

R. Bruised colchicum seed, one part. 

Alcohol, one part. 

Dilute acetic acid, nine parts. 

Digest for eight days, express, and filter. 

Ph. Germ. 



Syrup of Colchicum. 
R. Yinegar of colchicum 



root, 
Sugar, 
Boil by a gentle fire. 



sixteen parts. 

twenty-six parts. 

Swediaur. 



Fluid Extract of Colchicum Root. 
R. Colchicum root, in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, three fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. 

Water, one fl. ounce. 

Moisten colchicum with five fl. ounces of 
mixed liquids, pack into porcolator, add re- 
mainder of mixture, and macerate four days 
then displace with diluted alcohol twenty- 
four ft. ounces; reserve the first fourteen fl. 
ounces, add to remainder one fl. ounce of 
glycerin, evaporate to two fl. ounces, and 
mix with reserved portion. U.S. Ph. 

Dose, two to ten minims. 
"Fluid extract of colchicum seed is pre- 
pared in Bame manner from colchicum seed 
in powder, No. GO. 



Mixture of Colchicum and Magnesia. 
R. Magnesia, one drachm. 

Sugar, 

Gum Arabic, each, sufficient. 



Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Wine of colchicum 

root, forty drops. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, till 
it operates. In gout and rheumatism. 

Ellis. 

R. Wine of colchicum root, half 

fl. drachm. 
Carbonate of magnesium, one 

drachm. 

Cinnamon water, 

Distilled water, 

each, three fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful three times a day. 

As a diuretic. Ellis. 



Mixture of Colchicum and Sulphate 

of Magnesium. 

(Scudamore's Mixture.) 

R. Sulphate of magnesium, one to 
two ounces. 

Mint water, ten fl. ounces. 

Yinegar of colchicum, 

Syrup of saffron, each, one fl. ounce. 

Magnesia, eight scruples. 

Mix. Dose, one to three tablespoonfuls, 
every two hours, till four to six evacuations 
are procured in the twenty-four hours. In 
gout. Scudamore. 



Compound Wine of Colchicum. 

R. Tincture of colchicum seed, 

one scruple to half a fl. drachm. 
Wine of colchicum 

seed, half a fl. ounce. 

Mix. Fifteen to forty drops, three times a 
day. Weber. 



Wine of Colchicum and Opium. 

R. Wine of colchicum seed, three 

drachms. 



Sydenham's laudanum, 



half 



a drachm. 
Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty drops every 
three or four hours. Eisenmann. 



Tincture of Colchicum Mixture. 

R. Tincture of colchicum seed, 
" guaiacum, each, 

three fl. drachms. 
Mix. Thirty to forty drops, three times a 
day, in chronic rheumatism. Radius. 



COLLINSO^IA 



241 



Tincture of Colchicum and Digitalis. 

R. Tincture of colchicum seed, 
" digitalis, each, 

two fl. drachms. 

Nitrons ether, one scruple. 

Mix. Twenty drops, morning and evening, 

on sugar, in hydrothorax. Eildebrand. 



Colchicum Mixture. 
R. Wine of colchicum seeds, 

thirty drops. 
Denarcotized lauda- 
num, twenty-five drops. 
Sugar, thirty grains. 
Water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Found useful in acute rheumatism. 
To be taken at night. Deiuees. 

R. Wine of colchicum seed, 

forty drops. 
Acetated tincture of 

opium, twenty drops. 

Sugar, thirty grains. 

Water, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. In gout, after inflammation is 

allayed. To be taken at bedtime. 

D ewees. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 
Carbonate of ammonium, 

each, one scruple. 

Wine of colchicum seed, one 

fl. drachm. 
Tincture of squill, 

" hyoscyamus, 

each, two fl. drachms. 

Camphor water, sufficient for 

three fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful, three times a day, 

in gouty bronchitis. Greenhow. 



Preserved Juice of Colchicum 
Flowers. 

R. Expressed juice of colchicum 

flowers, two parts. 

Brandy, one part. 

Mix, and let rest for a few days ; decant, 
and keep for use in well-stopped bottles. 

Wilson. 
Said to be identical in every respect to 
the Eau medicinale de Husson. 



Mixture of Colchicum and Elaterium. 
R. Elaterium, one grain. 

Spirit of nitrous ether, two fl. ozs. 
16 



Tincture of squill, 
Oxymel of colchicum, 

each, half a fl. ounce. 

Syrup, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times a 
day, in hydrothorax. Ferriar. 



Vinegar of Colchicum Mixture. 
R. Vinegar of colchicum, 

Syrup, each, half a fl. ounce. 

Carbonate of magnesium, 

one drachm and a half. 
Peppermint water, four ounces. 

Mix. In tablespoonful doses, as a sudorific 
in gout, etc. Foy. 



Mixture of Colchicum and Squill. 
R. Oxymel of colchicum, ~\ each, 

" squill, I halffl. 

Wine of tobacco, ) ounce. 

Mix. A teaspoonful four times a day. As 
a diuretic in dropsy. Requires caution. 

Ferriar. 



Mixture of Colchicum and Ammonia. 
R. Oxymel of colchicum, 

Solution acetate of ammonium, 
each, two fl. ounces. 

Parsley water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. A spoonful, every two hours, as a 
diuretic. Augustin. 



Liniment of Colchicum and Camphor. 
R. Tincture of colchicum root, 
" camphor, 

each, three fl. ounces. 

Mix. As an embrocation, in gout, rheuma- 
tism, and neuralgia. Leycock. 



COLLINSONIA. 

Horse-Balm. 

The Collinsonia Canadensis is a native 
plant, found in most parts of this country, 
in woods ; it is from two to three feet in 
height. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. La- 
miacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 39. Griffith, Med. Bot. 513. 

The whole plant has a strong, peculiar, 
unpleasant odor, and a warm, pungent 
taste : these are most developed in the root ; 
this is knotty and hard. It is diuretic, dia- 
phoretic, and tonic ; and is popularly used 
in diseases of the bladder, leucorrhcea, and 
dropsy, and externally as a fomentation to 
wounds, ulcers, etc. 



242 



COLLODIUM. — COLOCYXTHIS. 



Decoction of Horse-Balm. 
R. Horse-balm root, 

bruised, two ounces- 

Water, two pints. 

Boil for half an hour, and strain. Dose, a 
wineglassful, every two hours, in dropsy. 



Tincture of Horse-Balm. 

R. Bruised horse-balm root, 

two ounces. 
Diluted alcohol, one pint. 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. Dose, a teaspoonful. 



Oil of Horse-Balm. 

R. Horse-balm, at will. 

Water, sufficient. 

Distil, return product, and redistil, separate 
oil. Dose, five to ten drops. 



COLLODIUM. 

See Gossypitjm. 

Carbolic Collodion. 
R. Collodion, one hundred parts. 

Carbolic acid, ten parts. 

Tannic acid, five parts. 

Benzoic acid, three parts. 

Dissolve. Maryland Coll. Ph. 



COLOC YNTHIS. 

COLOCYNTH. 

Colocynth is the dried pulp of the fruit of 
CUrullus colo cynthis, a cucurbitaceous vine 
found in many parts of Asia and Africa. 
The fruit is a round pepo, of the size and 
color of an orange, with a thin, hut hard 
rind, and containing numerous seeds, envel- 
oped in a white, spongy pulp. 

8ex. Syst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. 
CucurbitacesB. 

Boyle, Mat. Med. 396. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
806. 

It occurs in the shops in white, round, 
Hghl balls, composed of a spongy, dried pulp, 
inclosing numerous seeds. This spongy 
substance h;is a faint odor, but an intensely 
bitter and nauseous taste. It is a powerful 
drastic :ui<i hydragogue purgative, and is sel- 
dom given alone. Dose, five to ten grains. 



Prepared Colocynth. 
R. Colocyntli, deprived of 

seeds, and cut fine, five parts. 
Powdered gum Arabic, one part. 



Beat with sufficient distilled water into a 
paste, dry and reduce to a fine powder. 
Dose, five grains. Ph. Germ. 



Powder of Colocynth. 
R. Colocynth, one to three grains. 
Gum Arabic,) 

Liquorice, v each, five grains. 
Sugar, ) 

Mix. As a hydragogue purgative. 

Augustin. 



Extract of Colocynth . 
R. Colocynth pulp in coarse 

powder, forty-eight troyounces. 
Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Macerate with eight pints of the alcohol 
for four days, express strongly, and strain ; 
break up residue, pack in percolator, and 
displace to obtain altogether sixteen pints, 
distil off ten pints, evaporate residue to 
dryness, and powder. Yield about seven 
troyounces. U. S. Ph. 

Paris Codex and Ph. Germ, prepare 
this extract by maceration and digestion. 
Dose, half to one grain. 



Compound Extract of Colocynth. 

R. Extract of colocynth, 

three troyounces and a half. 
Purified aloes, twelve troyounces. 
Resin of scammony, 

three troyounces. 

Cardamom, one troyounce 

and a half. 

Soap, three troyounces. 

All the ingredients in fine powder. Mix 

thoroughly. U. S. Ph. 

By fusing the ingredients together with 

a little alcohol, drying, and powdering 

afterwards, as proposed by D. Squibb, the 

preparation is uniform in appearance. 

R. Colocynth sliced, six ounces. 

Extract of Socotrine 

aloes, twelve ounces. 

Resin of scammony, four ounces. 
Powdered cardamom, one ounce. 
Hard soap, three ounces. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.920, one gallon. 

Macerate the colocynth in the alcohol for 
four days, express, and distil spirit ; then 
add the aloes, scammony, and soap ; evap- 
orate to proper consistence, and add the 
cardamom. Brit. Ph. 

R. Extract of colocynth, three parts. 
Powdered aloes, ten parts. 



COLOCYNTIIIS 



243 



Resin of scammony, eight parts. 
Extract of rhubarcl, five parts. 

Mix, adding some alcohol, dry with gentle 
heat, and powder. Ph. Germ. 

A valuable and safe cathartic. In small 
doses, laxative. Dose, five to twenty 
grains. 



Compound Cathartic Pills. 
(Antibilious Pills.) 

R. Compound extract of 

colocynth, thirty-two grains. 
Extract of jalap, in powder, 
Calomel, each, twenty -four grains. 
Gamboge, in powder, six grains. 
Mix, and with water form mass, to be di- 
vided into twenty-four pills. U. S. Ph 
A most excellent cathartic, when it is 
wished to act on biliary organs. Dose, one 
to three or four pills. Each pill contains 
one grain of calomel. 



Compound Pills of Colocynth. 

R. Colocynth pulp, ~\ each, two 
Barbadoes aloes, v drachms and 
Scammony, ) a half. 

Honey, seven drachms and a half. 
Oil of cloves, two drops. 

Mix, and make two hundred pills. 

Paris Codex. 

R. Barbadoes aloes, 

Scammony, each, two ounces 

(avoir.), 

Colocynth pulp, one ounce " 

Sulphate of potassium, quarter 

ounce (avoir.). 

Oil of cloves, two fl. drachms. 

Beat well together, and with water form a 

mass. Brit. Ph. 

Dose, five to ten grains. 

R. Compound extract 

of colocynth, one scruple. 

Resin of jalap, six grains. 

Compound powder of scammony, 
. Calomel, each, ten grains. 

Tartar emetic, one grain. 

Castile soap, five grains. 

Oil of cinnamon, four drops. 

Beat well together, and form fifteeji pills. 
Dose, one to three, at bedtime. Meigs. 

R. Extract of colocynth, two 

drachms. 
Resin of jalap, one drachm. 

Soap. one drachm and a half. 



Guaiacum, three drachms. 

Tartar emetic, eight grains. 

Oil of juniper, 

" rosemary, each, four drops. 

Syrup of buckthorn, sufficient. 
Mix well, and divide into four grain pills. 
Dose, one to three. Barclay. 

R. Compound extract of 

colocynth, forty grains. 

Compound rhubarb pill, twenty 

grains. 

Soap, six grains. 

Oil of cloves, four drops. 

Mix, and form sixteen pills. Dose, one at 

bedtime. James Johnson. 



Pills of Colocynth and Henbane. 

R. Compound pill of 

colocynth, two parts, 

Extract of hyoscyamus, one part. 
Beat into a uniform mass. Brit. Ph. 

Dose, five to ten grains. 



Colocynth Clyster. 
R. Extract of colocynth, one scruple. 
Common salt, three drachms. 

Syrup of dogtooth- 
one ounce and a half. 



grass, 
Infusion of chamomile, 



In cerebral affections. 



five 
ounces. 

Phoebus. 



Colocynth Mixture. 
R. Colocynth, one drachm. 

Boiling water, six ounces. 

Boil for ten minutes, strain, and add, when 
cold, 

Hoffmann's anodyne, one drachm. 

Syrup of orange-peel, one ounce. 
Mix. A spoonful, three times a day, in 
ascites, or hydrothorax. Augustin. 



Tincture of Colocynth. 
R. Colocynth pulp, one part. 

Alcohol, ten parts. 

Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. 
Dose, five to fifteen grains. Ph. Germ. 

The tincture of Paris Codex is twice 
this strength, and is made with alcohol, sp. 
gr. 0.914. 

R. Colocynth, eight parts. 

Star anise, one part. 

Alcohol, ninety-six parts. 

Macerate for three days, and filter. Dose, 
fifteen to twenty drops. Van Mons. 



244 



COMPTONIA. — CONIUM. 



Tincture of Colocynth Mixture. 
R. Tincture of colocynth, two 

drachms. 
Solution of antimoniated 

soap (Cod. Hamb.), six 

drachms. 

Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty drops a day, 
in lepra and obstinate cutaneous affections. 

Heim. 



COMPTONIA. 

Sweet Fern. 

A shrubby, indigenous plant, found in 
the Northern and Middle States. 
Sex. Syst. Monoec. triand. Nat. Syst. Myri- 

CcLCCcB 

Aiton, Hort. Kev. iii. 334. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 584. 

It is aromatic, especially when bruised. 
It is a mild astringent, and is used in bowel 
complaints, in the form of decoction. 



CONIUM. 
Hemlock. 

This is an umbelliferous, poisonous plant, 
the Conium maculatum, a native of Europe, 
but naturalized in many parts of this coun- 
try, growing in waste places. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. 
Apiacese. 

Linn. Sp. PL 349. Griffith, Med. Bot, 339. 

Both the fruit and the leaves are used. 
The latter have a strong, unpleasant, nar- 
cotic odor, and a somewhat bitterish taste ; 
the nearly ripe fruit possesses similar quali- 
ties, and is more reliable. They are both 
narcotic, but neither stimulant nor seda- 
tive, and are given in a variety of com- 
plaints, to alleviate, especially in malignant 
tumors, in which they are thought to exert 
a curative influence. The dose, in powder, 
is from three to eight grains of the leaves, 
and of the fruit rather less, twice a day, 
gradually increasing. Theactiv.e principle, 
conia, is seldom used. 



Powder of Hemlock. 
E. Powdered hemlock, five grains. 
" liquorice, six grains. 

Make a powder, to be taken three times a 
day. In scirrhous affections, scrofula, old 
ulcers, etc. 



Extract of Hemlock. 
R. Fresh hemlock leaves, twelve 

troyounces. 
Braise in a stone mortar, sprinkling on 
them a little water; express the juice, heat 
to boiling point, strum, and evaporate to 
proper consistence, either iu a vacuum or 



in shallow vessels by means of a current of 
air. U. S. Ph. 

Paris Codex operates the same, but 
strains the cold concentrated liquid pre- 
vious to final inspissation. Brit. Ph., be- 
fore removing albumen at 200°, separates 
chlorophyll at 130°, and adds it again to 
extract. Ph. Germ, removes chlorophyll 
and albumen by coagulation, and from the 
concentrated juice, mucilage by alcohol. 

Dose, two grains, gradually increased un- 
til it affects the system. 



Alcoholic Extract of Hemlock. 
R. Hemlock leaves, in 

powder, No. 60, twelve troy- 
ounces. 
Alcohol, one pint. 

Moisten powder with one-third of the alco- 
hol, pack in percolator, and add remainder 
of alcohol ; when this has been absorbed, 
add diluted alcohol, until powder is ex- 
hausted. Evaporate the first pint of tinc- 
ture spontaneously to three fl. ounces ; 
evaporate remainder by water-bath below 
160° to syrupy consistence, mix with other 
portion, and evaporate below 120° to pro- 
per consistence. TJ. S. Ph. 

Paris Codex displaces one part of co- 
nium with six parts of alcohol, sp. gr. 0.914, 
afterwards with water until turbidity ap- 
pears, distils, and evaporates. 

Dose, one to two grains, gradually in- 
creasing. 



Pills of Hemlock and Ipecacuanha. 
R. Extract of hemlock, 

Dover's powder, each, ten grains. 
Mix, and form five pills. Two at bedtime, 
in pulmonary irritation, with rheumatic and 
other local pains. 



Ellis. 



R. Extract of hemlock, five drachms. 

Powdered ipecacuanha, 

one drachm. 

Molasses, sufficient. 

Mix. Dose, five to ten grains. Brit. Ph. 



Pills of Hemlock and Calomel. 
R. Extract of hemlock, two scruples. 

Calomel, fifteen grains. 

Mix, and form fifteen pills. One, three 
times a day, in syphiloid affections. Ellis. 

Pills of Hemlock and Dandelion. 

R. Extract of hemlock, 
u dandelion, 

Gum Arabic, 
Soap, 
Honey, 



each, one 
drachm. 

sufficient. 



CONIUM, 



245 



Mix, and form three grain pills. In glan- 
dular and other tumors. Brera. 



Infusion of Hemlock. 

R. Hemlock leaves, half an ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse, and strain. As awash to cancerous 

and malignant ulcers. Ellis. 



Inhalation of Hemlock. 
R. Extract of hemlock, sixty grains. 

Solution of potassa, one fl. drachm. 

Distilled water, ten fl. drachms. 
Mix. Put twenty minims of the mixture 
on a sponge in a suitable apparatus, so 
that the vapor of hot water passing over 
it may be inhaled. Brit. Ph. 



Hemlock Collutory. 
R. Hemlock leaves, two drachms. 

Poppy seed, one drachm. 

Henbane seed, half a drachm. 

Milk, half a pint. 

Boil slightly, and strain. In rheumatic 
toothache. Phoebus. 



Juice of Hemlock. 
R. Fresh hemlock leaves, at will. 

Bruise, express, and add to every three 
measures of juice one measure of alcohol, 
and after a week, filter. Brit. Ph. 

The U. 8. Ph. adds one measure of alcohol 
to every five measures of the juice. Dose, 
half to one teaspoonful and more. 



Tincture of Hemlock. 
R. Hemlock leaves, four troy ounces. 
Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement two pints of tinc- 
ture. U. S. Ph. 
Paris Codex obtains, with alcohol sp. gr. 
0.914, twenty troy ounces of tincture. 

R. Hemlock fruit, two and a half 
ounces (avoir.). 
Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.920, sufficient. 
Obtain one pint (imperial) of tincture. 

Brit. Ph. 
Dose, thirty drops to a fl. drachm and 
more. 



Ethereal Tincture of Hemlock." 
R. Hemlock leaves, one part. 

Sulphuric ether, four parts. 

Macerate for two days, and filter. 

Soubeiran. 



Fluid Extract of Conium Fruit. 
R. Conium fruit, in powder, 

No. 60, sixteen troyoonces. 

Glycerin, three fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Water, five fl. ounces. 

Moisten powder with four fl. ounces of 
mixed liquids, pack into percolator, and 
add remainder. Macerate for four days, 
then displace with diluted alcohol until 
twenty-four fl. ounces are obtained, re- 
serving the first fourteen fl. ounces ; add to 
remainder 

Muriatic acid, three drachms. 

Glycerin, one fl. ounce. 

Evaporate to two fl. ounces, mix with re- 
served portion, and strain. U. S. Ph. 



R 



Ointment of Conium. 

Extract of conium, one part. 

Lard, nine parts. 

Soften extract with a little water, and mix 

thoroughly. Ph. Germ. 

As a dressing to painful ulcers. 



Compound Balsamic Conium 
Ointment. 

R. Acetate of lead, in very 

fine powder, two parts. 

Extract of conium, six parts. 

Simple cerate, forty-eight parts. 

Balsam of Peru, six parts. 

Sydenham's laudanum, one part. 
Mix thoroughly. HellmunoVs narcotico- 
balsamic ointment. Ph. Germ. 



Oleo-infusion of Hemlock. 
R. Fresh hemlock, one part. 

Olive oil, two parts. 

Simmer together until moisture has evapo- 
rated, express, and strain. As a friction 
to the abdomen in ileus, and to the anus in 
hemorrhoids. Paris Codex. 



Conium Plaster. 

R. Elemi, purified, two parts. 

White wax, one part. 

Melt together, and add 

Alcoholic extract of 

conium, nine parts. 

As an application to painful ulcers and 
malignant tumors. Paris Codex. 

R. Yellow wax, four parts. 

Common turpentine, 
Olive oil, each, one part. 



246 



CONTRAYERYA 



Melt together, and when nearly cold, add 



Powdered conium, 
Stir well till cold. 



two parts. 
Ph. Germ. 



Compound Conium Plaster. 
R. YYhite turpentine, nineteen 

scruples. 
Yellow wax, thirteen scruples. 
Burgundy pitch, nine scruples. 
Oleo-infusion of hemlock, 

fifty-two grains. 
Melt together, and add to melted mixture 
Fresh hemlock, forty scruples. 

After evaporation of moisture, express, 
melt again, and add 

Ammoniac, purified, ten 

scruples. 

Stir well till cold. Used as above. 

Paris Codex. 

R. Powdered ammoniac, 

Vinegar of squill, each, two parts. 

Digest and evaporate with a gentle heat to 
a soft mass, and mix well with 

Conium plaster, nine parts. 

Ph. Germ. 

R. Soap plaster, one ounce. 

Extract of hemlock, half an ounce. 

Powdered belladonna, 

two drachms. 
Mix. Hamburg Codex. 



Cataplasm of Conium. 
R. Powdered conium, one ounce. 

Linseed meal, three ounces. 

Boiling water, ten fl. ounces. 

Mix with constant stirring. Brit. Ph. 

R. Powdered hemlock, two ounces. 
Carrot juice, one pound. 

Tincture of opium 

and saffron, three drachms. 

Linseed meal, sufficient. 

Blake a cataplasm. In cancerous ulcers. 

Pideret. 



Mixture of Hemlock and Paregoric. 
ft. Extract of hemlock, one drachm. 

Paregoric elixir, 

Syrup of tolu, each, half fl. ounce. 

Rose water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. Prom half to a teaspoonfal once in 
four hour., to b child ;i year old, watching 
the effect, in pertussis. Pearson. 



Suppository of Hemlock. 
R. Extract of hemlock, 

White wax, each, ten grains. 

Butter of cacao, forty grains. 

Mix. In painful hemorrhoids and spasms 
of the rectum. Biral. 



Embrocation of Conia. 
R. Conia, two parts. 

Distilled water, two hundred parts. 
Alcohol, thirteen parts. 

Mix. Used in scrofulous ophthalmia, and 
intolerance of light, by frictions around the 
orbits several times a day. Fronmuller. 

R. Conia, 

Expressed oil of 

almonds, two drachms. 

Mix. Used like preceding. Mauthner. 



one gram. 



Hypodermical Injection of Conia. 
R. Conia, half a grain. 

Alcohol, half a drachm. 

Dissolve and add it gradually to 

Distilled water, one drachm 

and a half. 
Used in doses of two to five minims, con- 
taining T |o to ¥ J 8 conia, in asthma, tetanus, 
etc. Eulenburg. 



CONTRAYBRYA. 
Contra yerva. 

Contrayerva is the root of Dorstenia con- 
tray erva, and other species, all natives of 
South America, Mexico, and the West In- 
dies. They are perennial, dwarf, herbaceoiis 
plants, usually growing in high, rocky 
places. 

Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Mo- 
racese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 124. Griffith, Med. Bot. 577. 

The root is oblong, hard, rough, and solid, 
of a reddish-brown color, with numerous, 
long, yellowish fibres. It has an aromatic 
odor, and a warm, pungent, somewhat bit- 
terish taste. It is a stimulant, tonic, and 
diaphoretic, and has been found useful in 
low states of the system. The dose of the 
powder is about half a drachm. 



Compound Powder of Contrayerva. 
R. Powdered contrayerva, six 

drachms. 

Virginia snakeroot, two drachms. 

Prepared chalk, one ounce. 

Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful two or three 

times a day, as a tonic. Spielmann. 



CONVOLVULUS PANDUEATUS. — COPAIBA 



247 



Extract of Contrayerva. 
R. Contrayerva, bruised, one part. 
Boiling water, six parts. 

Infuse for three days, boil, strain, express, 
and evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, 
one to two scruples. Palat. Codex. 



Decoction of Contrayerva. 
R. Contrayerva, bruised, one drachm. 
Water, one pint. 

Boil for ten minutes, and strain. Taddei. 



Gargle of Contrayerva. 
R. Contrayerva, half an ounce. 

Figs, - one ounce. 

Water, eighteen fl. ounces. 

Mix, and boil down to two-thirds. 

Saunders. 



Tincture of Contrayerva. 
R. Contrayerva, one part. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.864, sufficient. 
Obtain by displacement five parts of tinc- 
ture. Dose, thirty to forty drops. 

Dorvault. 



Compound Tincture of Contrayerva. 
R. Contrayerva, 

Virginia snakeroot, 

each, one ounce and a half. 

Juniper berries, one ounce. 

Spirit of ammonia, six fl. ounces. 
Alcohol, one pint. 

Macerate for four days, express, and filter. 
Dose, forty to eighty drops, as a stimulating 
diaphoretic. Lip. Bis. 



eight 



Cinnamon water, 



Contrayerva Mixture. 
R. Powdered contrayerva, 

grains. 

one fl. ounce 

and a half. 

Nutmeg water, two fl. drachms. 

Syrup of cinnamon, three 

fl. drachms. 

Mix. A spoonful as a stomachic. 

Swediaur. 



CONVOLVULUS PAKDU- 
RATUS. 

Wild Potato. 

This is a native plant, with a large peren- 
nial root, found in sandy soils in most parts 
of the United States. 



Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Convolvulacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 219. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
(Ipomsea) 476. 

The root, as found in the shops, is in cir- 
cular pieces, of a yellowish-brown color, 
scarcely any smell, and a bitterish, some- 
what acrid taste. It is feebly cathartic, but 
is said to be a good diuretic in calculous 
complaints. Dose, as purgative, forty grains. 
As a diuretic, it is given in decoction. 



COPAIBA. 

Copaiba. — Copaiva. 

This is the oleoresin of Copaifera mvltijuga 
and other species, all large trees, natives of 
South America, and principally of Brazil. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Fabacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 557. Griffith, Med. Bot. 264. 

Copaiba is clear and transparent, of a 
pale yellowish color, a peculiar and some- 
what unpleasant odor, and a bitterish, pun- 
gent, nauseous taste. It is rather less con- 
sistent than olive oil when fresh, but by age 
becomes thicker, and may even assume the 
solidity of a resin. It is stimulant, diuretic, 
and cathartic, and is principally used in 
morbid discharges from mucous surfaces, 
especially those-of thegenito-urinary organs. 
The dose is from twenty drops to a fl. 
drachm, three times a day. 



Boluses of Copaiba. 
R. Copaiba, two drachms. 

Gum Arabic, one ounce. 

Powdered liquorice, sufficient. 
Mix, and form mass. Dose, a scruple to 
two scruples. Radius. 

R. Copaiba, one ounce. 

Calcined magnesia, one drachm. 
Opium, four grains. 

Powdered cubebs, three drachms. 
Syrup of poppies,. sufficient. 

Mix, and divide into boluses of half a 
drachm. Two to be taken at night, in 
gonorrhoea. Henschel. 



Pills of Copaiba. 
R. Copaiba, two troy ounces. 

Magnesia (freshly pre- 
pared), one drachm. 

Mix, and set aside till it concretes into a 
pilular mass ; this to be divided into two 
hundred pills. Should the mixture not 
concrete in eight or ten hours, a deficiency 
of water in the copaiba may be inferred ; 
and this difficulty may be obviated in sub- 
sequent operations by shaking the copaiba 
with one-twentieth of its weight of water, 



248 



COPAIBA, 



allowing to stand for some days, and de- 
canting from the uncombined water. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, two to six, two or three times a 
day. 

R. Copaiba, one ounce. 

Dragon's blood, half an ounce. 

Calomel, one drachm. 

Conserve of roses r four ounces. 

Mix, and make pills of six grains. Dose, 
from three to five a day. Foy. 



Pills of Copaiba and Cubebs. 

R. White wax, two drachms. 

Melt, by a gentle heat, and add 

Copaiba, half an ounce. 

Powdered cubebs, one ounce. 

Incorporate well, and divide into two hun- 
dred and forty pills. Berens. 



Pills of Copaiba, Cubebs, and 
Turpentine. 

R . Oil of copaiba, 
" cubebs, 
" turpentine, 

each, one fl. drachm. 
Magnesia, two drachms. 

Mix, and form sixty pills. 

This is said to be an excellent prepara- 
tion. It was communicated by Mr. Procter, 
who is unacquainted with the author of it. 



Copaiba Confection. 
R. Turpentine, one ounce. 

Copaiba, half an ounce. 

Mix well, in a warmed mortar, and add 
Mucilage of gum Arabic, one 

ounce. 

Conserve of roses, four ounces. 

Dose, two to three drachms, three times a 

day, in obstinate gonorrhoea. Swedianr. 

B. Copaiba, 

Powdered cubebs, ench, four 

drachms and a half. 

Yolk of egg, one. 

Conserve of roses, half an ounce. 

Mix. A teaspoonfuJ three or four limes a 
day. Voght. 

R. Copaiba, 

Powdered cubebs, each, two 

ounces. 

" alum, one ounce. 

Opium, five grains. 



Incorporate well. One drachm to be taken 
in the pulp of a prune, night and morning, 
and rapidly increased to two drachms. Is 
very effectual in gonorrhoea. Berton. 



Emulsion of Copaiba. 
R. Copaiba, 

Mucilage gum Arabic, 

each, two ounces. 

Water, twelve fl. ounces. 

Rub the copaiba gradually with the muci- 
lage in a mortar, add the water by degrees, 
constantly rubbing. Bircd. 



Injection of Copaiba. 

R. Copaiba, twenty grains. 

Carbonate of sodium, forty grains. 
Wine of opium, fifteen drops. 

Water, four ounces. 

Mix well, adding the water gradually. As 
an injection in gonorrhoea. Jennel. 

R. Copaiba, two drachms. 

Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, half an ounce. 

Lime water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix well. As an injection in ulcers of the 
rectum, vagina, or urethra. Abernethy. 

R. Copaiba, half an ounce. 

Yolk of egg, sufficient. 

Lime water, six ounces. 

Honey of roses, three ounces. 
Mix. As an injection in fistulous ulcers. 

Plenck. 



Copaiba Mixture. 
R. Copaiba, 

Sweet spirit of nitre, 

each, half a fl. ounce. 

Powdered gum Arabic, 

" sugar, each, one drachm. 
Compound spirit of 

lavender, two fl. drachms. 

Tincture of opium, one fl. drachm. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful three times a day 

in gonorrhoea. Chapman, 

R. Copaiba, half an ounce. 

Mint water, "} 

A lcohol, v each, half a fl. ounce. 
Syrup, ) 

Sweet spirit of 

nitre, half a fl. drachm. 

Mix. To be taken in four doses in a day, 
followed by demulcent drinks. In chronic 
gonorrhoea. Ellis. 



COPAIBA, 



249 



R. Copaiba, half an ounce. 

Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, two ounces. 

Clarified honey, six drachms. 

Solution of potassa, two drachms. 

Essence of lemon, half a drachm. 

Rose water, five fl. ounces. 

Mix. Two to three spoonfuls, three times 
a day. Stephenson. 

R. Copaiba, one drachm and a half. 
Powdered kino, one scruple. 

Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, two drachms. 

Syrup of rhatany, one ounce. 

Decoction of chamomile, four 

ounces. 
Mix. A spoonful every hour or two. Foy. 

R. Copaiba, half a drachm. 

Tincture of allspice, 
Syrup of mallows, 

each, two drachms. 

Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, sufficient. 

Water, one ounce. 

Mix. To be taken morning and evening. 

Saunders. 

R. Copaiba, 

Syrup of lemon, 
Mint water, 
Orange-flower water, 
Diluted sulphuric acid, one 

drachm. 
Tragacanth, sufficient. 

Mix. A spoonful, morning and evening. 

Delpech. 

Copaiba, ) , , f 

Balsam of Tolu, 



each, one 
ounce. 



R 



Powdered sum Arabic, ) 



an ounce. 



Elixir of vitriol, twenty drops. 

Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoon ful, in chronic hooping- 
cough. Ellis. 

R. Copaiba, one drachm. 

Carbonate of potassium, thirty 

grains. 

Extract of Peruvian 

bark, twenty grains. 

Gum Arabic, twelve grains. 

Aloes, two grains. 

Syrup of capillaire, two ounces. 

Cinnamon water, 

Mint water, each, three fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, a wineglassful several times a 
day, as an anthelmintic. Pierquin. 



Copahine-Mege. 
R. Oxidized copaiba, eighty parts. 

Powdered cubebs, 

Carbonate of sodium, 
each, eight parts. 

Calcined magnesia, five parts. 
Mix, and let the mixture stand till solidi- 
fied, and then make into small masses, 
which are to be covered with sugar. Dose, 
four or five, three times a day. Oxidized 
copaiba is prepared by treating copaiba 
with nitric acid, and then washing with 
water. Joseau. 



Mixture of Copaiba Resin. 
R. Resin of copaiba, three drachms. 
Alcohol, five drachms. 

Spirit of chloroform, one drachm. 
Mucilage of acacia, two fl. ounces. 
Water, sufficient to make 

twelve fl. ounces. 
Mix. Recommended by Wilks as a diu- 
retic preferable to copaiba emulsions. 

Gerrard. 



Tincture of Copaiba. 

R. Copaiba, one part. 

Alcohol, . five parts. 

Digest for several days, and filter. Dose, 

thirty to sixty drops. Guibourt. 



Alkaline Tincture of Copaiba. 
R. Copaiba, one ounce. 

Carbonate of potassium, one 

drachm. 
Alcohol, four fl. ounces. 

Digest, and filter. Dose, twenty-five to 
fifty drops. Brunswick Ph. 



Compound Tincture of Copaiba. 

R. Copaiba, one ounce. 

Guaiacum, two drachms. 

Oil of sassafras, half a drachm. 

Alcohol, four and a half fl. ounces. 

Digest with a gentle heat; filter. Foy. 

Dose, a drachm, in some infusion. 



Oil of Copaiba. 
R. Copaiba, twelve troyounces. 

Water, sixteen pints. 

Distil twelve pints, separate oil, return 
water into still, and again distil ; separate 
the oil. U. S. Ph. 

As a carminative and stimulant. Dose, 
ten to thirty drops, rubbed up with muci- 



250 



COPTIS. — CO EI AND RUM 



lage and water. The residue in the still 
separated from the water is the resin of 
copaiba. 



Copaiba Clyster. 

B. Copaiba, one to four drachms. 
Extract of opium, one grain. 

Yolk of egg, one. 

Decoction of 

mallows, four to six fl. ounces. 

Make an emulsion, as a clyster in gonor- 
rhoea. Guibourt. 



B. 



Copaiba Paste. 

Sweet almonds, six drachms. 



Mallow paste, 

Catechu, 

Copaiba, 

Rub together into a paste. 
fid. 



one drachm, 
half a drachm, 
three drachms. 

Dose, a spoon- 
Phoabus. 



COPTIS. 

Goldthread. 

Coptis trifolia is a small evergreen plant, 
found in the more northern parts of both 
continents, in wet and boggy situations. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Ea- 
nunculaceae. 

Salisbury, Linn. Trans, viii. 305. Griffith, 
Med. Bpt, 87. 

The roots are long, slender, orange-yellow, 
and the leaves are tern ate with obovate 
sharply-toothed leaflets ; the plant has no 
smell, but a strong and purely bitter taste. 
It is a simple tonic bitter, with no astrin- 
gency, and contains two alkaloids, berberina 
and coptina. It is used as a stomachic, and 
as a local application to aphthous sore 
mouth. Dose, in powder, ten to thirty 
grains. 



Infusion of Goldthread. 

B. Goldthread, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse for an hour, and strain. Dose, half 
fl. ounce to two fl. ounces. Dunylison. 



Tincture of Goldthread. 

B. Goldthread, one ounce. 

Diluted alcohol, one pint. 

Macerate for a week, and filter. Dose, one 
fl. drachm to three fl. drachras. Wood. 



CORIANDRUM. 

Coriander. 

This is the fruit of Coriandrum sativum, 
an annual plant, a native of the south of 
Europe, but naturalized in many other parts 
of that quarter of the world, and also ex- 
tensively cultivated. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Api- 
acese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 367. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
341. 

The fruit is somewhat globular, of a gray- 
ish or brownish-yellow color, and sometimes 
separated into two portions, or mericarps. 
It has a pleasant aromatic smell and taste. 
It is principally used as an adjuvant to 
other articles, to disguise their taste, or to 
modify their griping qualities. Dose, from 
a scruple to a drachm. 



Compound Powder of 
B. Powdered coriander, 

Ivory filings, 
Burnt hartshorn, 
Prepared chalk, 
Powdered cinnamon, 

Sugar of roses, 

Mix well. A teaspoonful, 
as a stomachic. 



Coriander. 

one drachm 
and a half. 

each, one 
scruple. 

half a 

scruple. 

sufficient. 

after eating, 
Pierquin. 



B. Powdered coriander, 
" rhubarb 

" columbo 



:■} 



each, ten 
grains. 



Mix. To be taken at bedtime, in dyspep- 
sia with flatulence and costiveness. Sto- 
machic. Ainslie. 



Tincture of Coriander. 

B. Coriander, one part. 

Diluted alcohol, eight parts. 

Macerate for a week, and filter. Be'ral. 



B 



Compound Water of Coriander. 

Coriander, eight ounces. 

Fresh lemon-peel,. 
Nutmeg,) 
Storax, y each, 



one ounce. 



half an ounce. 



Benzoin, ) 

Vanilla, three drachms. 

Alcohol, forty-eight fl. ounces. 

Macerate for two days, and distil. Dose, 
half il. ounce, as a stomachic and carmina- 
tive. Spielmann. 



corstu 

CORNU. 
Hartshorn. 

This is officinally the horn of the Cervus 
elephas, or European stag; but that of our 
native species has the same properties. It 
is found in the shops, in the form of shavings, 
which are of a yellowish- white color, friable, 
and without smell or taste. They consist 
principally of gelatine and phosphate of 
calcium, and are employed to make a jelly, 
which is not superior to any other animal 
jelly. 



CORPUS SERICEA. 



251 



Hartshorn Jelly. 
R. Hartshorn shavings, four ounces. 

Water, eight ounces. 

Muriatic acid, one drachm. 

Beat together for ten minutes, wash in two 
or three waters, boil with fresh water for 
half an hour, express, strain, and add 

Sugar, four ounces. 

Boil down sufficiently for the mixture to 
jelly, on cooling. Ferrez. 



Compound Jelly of Hartshorn. 
R. Hartshorn jelly, eight ounces. 

Paste of sweet almonds, one ounce. 

Sugar, half an ounce. 

Orange-flower water, one drachm. 

Essence of citron, twelve drops. 
Mix, and heat ; then permit to cool. 

Guibourt. 



R 



Burnt Hartshorn. 
. Burn pieces of hartshorn in an open 
vessel till quite white, powder, 
and prepare like prepared chalk. 

Lond. Ph. 
Dose, half a drachm to two drachms. 



R. 



Mix 



Dentifrice of Burnt Hartshorn. 

Powdered burnt harts- 
horn, one ounce. 
Orris root, two drachms. 
Dragon's blood, one drachm. 
Oil of roses, two drops. 
Steph. fy Church. 



CORNUS 

Dogwood. 



CORNUS CIRCINATA. 
Round-leaved Dogwood. 

A large shrub, native of the United States, 
with a bitter, astringent, slightly aromatic 
bark. 



CORNUS FLORIDA. 

Dogwood. 

A small tree, found in most parts of the 
United States, flowering early in the spring. 
The bark, especially of the root, has a bitter, 
astringent, somewhat aromatic taste, and a 
faint odor. 



CORNUS SERICEA. 

Swamp Dogwood. 

A large shrub, like the others, a native of 
this country, with a bark of the same quali- 
ties. 

Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Cornacese. 

The barks of these shrubs and trees are 
tonic and astringent, and are said to have 
much the same properties as Peruvian bark, 
and may be used as a substitute for it. They 
are, however, much inferior. The dose of 
the powder is from a scruple to a drachm. 



Decoction of Dogwood. 

B. Dogwood bark, bruised, one 

troy ounce. 

Water, sufficient. 

Boil for fifteen minutes so as to obtain a 

pint, and strain. U. S. Ph. 

A wineglassful every hour, in the apy- 

rexia of intermittents. 



R 



Fluid Extract of Dogwood. 

Dogwood bark, in powder, 
No. 60, sixteen troy ounces. 

Glycerin, three fl. ounces. 

Water, five fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Moisten the powder with five fl. ounces of 
the mixed liquids, pack in a glass perco- 
lator, add the remaining mixture, and ma- 
cerate for four days ; then with diluted 
alcohol displace twenty-four fl. ounces, re- 
serving the first fourteen, add to the re- 
mainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate 
to two troyounces, and mix with reserved 
portion. 

Dose, a teaspoonful. U. S. Ph. 



Pills of Round-leaved Dogwood. 

R. Extract of round-leaved 

dogwood, one drachm and 

a half. 

Powdered ginger, ten grains. 

Dried carbonate of sodium, ten grs. 

Mix, and form twenty-four pills, Eeece. 



252 



CO TULA. — CREASOTUM. 



"Wine of Round-leaved Dogwood. 
R. Extract of round-leaved 

dogwood, three drachms. 

White wine, one pint and a half. 

Digest for fourteen days, and filter. 

Reece. 



COTULA. 
Mayweed. 

A small annual syngenesious plant, a na- 
tive of Europe, and extensively naturalized 
in the United States. It is the Maruta cotula 
of botanists. (Anthemis cotula. Linn.) 

Sex. Syst. Syng. frust. Nat. Syst. Astera- 
ce?e. 

De Candolle, Prod. vi. 13. Griffith, Med. 
Bot, 399. 

The whole herb has a strong, unpleasant 
smell, and a bitter, warm taste. It has 
much the same properties as chamomile as 
an internal remedy, and may be used as a 
substitute for it; but its disagreeable odor 
renders it nauseous to most persons. It is 
also employed in amenorrhcea, and as an 
antispasmodic. It is usually given in infu- 
sion. 



Infusion of Mayweed. 

R. Maj^weed, half an ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for a quarter of an hour, in a 
covered vessel, and strain. Used in same 
cases, and in same manner as infusion of 
chamomile. 



Cataplasm of Mayweed. 

R. Mayweed, fresh, at will. 

Bruise, or cut very fine. When applied as 
a cataplasm, it produces redness and vesi- 
cation as rapidly as Spanish^flies. Ashley. 



CREASOTUM. 

Creasote. 

A peculiar substance, analogous to the 
volatile oils, existing in the products of the 
distillation of wood. It is a colorless, ole- 
aginous fluid, of a burning, caustic taste, and 
of an odor resembling that of smoked meat. 
1 1 la corrosive, but in a diluted State is an 
effectual preserver of animal substances. 
It is irritant, aarcotic, Btyptic, etc., and has 
been employed in a variety of diseases, both 
internally and as a local application. 



Creasote. 
B. Tnr, at will. 

Distil, changing the recipients several times, 
till the residue has the consistence of pitch ; 



agitate the heavy oil that passes with a 
little concentrated sulphuric acid ; then 
mix it with its own volume of water, and 
rectify in small retorts ; dissolve the pro- 
duct which sinks to the bottom in a hot 
solution of potassa, aided by a gentle heat ; 
when it cools, add a slight excess of sul- 
phuric acid, separate the oil, and distil it 
in small quantities at a time ; again rectify 
it two or three times. Dose, one to two 
drops, mixed with water. 



Creasote Mixture. 
R. Creasote, six drops. 

Powdered mallow, 

Sugar, each, one drachm. 

Mix well, and divide into three powders, to 
be taken during the day. In hemoptysis 
and phthisis. Radius. 



Creasote Pills. 
R. Creasote, one drachm. 

Powdered mallow root, sufficient 
to make one hundred and ten pills. Said 
to be beneficial in acute rheumatism. Four 
or five to be taken, morning and evening. 

Riech. 

R. Creasote, one drachm. 

Extract of liquorice, one drachm 
and a half. 

Water. sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and make pills of two 
grains. Two, morning and evening, in 
phthisis and laryngitis. Radius. 

R. Creasote, ten drops. 

Powdered liquorice, 

Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, each, sufficient. 

Mix, and form twenty pills. Dose, one, 
three times a day. In bronchitis, neuralgia, 

etc. Ellis. 

R. Creasote, one drachm. 

Extract of liquorice, 

Galbanum, each, half a drachm. 

Powdered mallows, two drachms. 
Form mass, and divide into one hundred 
and twenty pills. Six, four times a day, in 
phthisis. Riech. 



Alcoholic Solution of Creasote. 
R. Creasote, one part. 

Alcohol, sixteen parts. 

Mix. A drop or two placed in the cavity 
of an aching tooth, will afford relief. 

Marinus. 



CEEASOTTJM. 



253 



R. Creasote, one fl. drachm. 

Alcohol, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. Used with water as a mouth-wash, 
to correct fetor of the mouth, and to check 
caries of the teeth. Buchner. 

R. Creasote, one fi. drachm. 

Alcohol, one fl. onnce and a half. 

Tincture of cochineal, six fl. 

drachms. 

Oil of mint, thirty-six drops. 



Mix. Used as above. 



Righini. 



Creasote Water. 
R. Creasote, one fl. drachm. 

Distilled water, one pint. 

Dissolve by agitation. U. S. Ph. 



Creasote Lotion. 
R. Creasote, half a drachm. 

Water, five ounces. 

Mix. As a lotion in psora, etc. Radius. 

ten drops. 

two fl. drachms. 

two fl. ounces. 



R. Creasote, 
Vinegar, 



Water, 

Mix. As an application to phagedenic 
ulcerations and chancres. Short. 



Inhalation of Creasote. 
R. Creasote, twelve minims. 

Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix in an apparatus so arranged that air 
may be made to pass through the solution, 
and may afterwards be inhaled. Brit. Ph. 



Creasote Mixture. 
R. Creasote, 
Glacial acetic 

acid, each, sixteen minims. 

Spirit of juniper, half a fl. drachm. 

Syrup, one fl. ounce. 

Water, fifteen fl. ounces. 

Mix the creasote with the acid, gradually 

add the water, and then the spirit and 

syrup. Brit. Ph. 

Dose, one to two fl. ounces. 

R. Creasote, two to four drops. 

Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, one ounce. 

Infusion of salep, five ounces. 

Sugar, one drachm. 

Mix. A spoonful every two hours in the 
colliquative diarrhoea of phthisis. Radius. 

R. Creasote, five drops. 

Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, three fl. ounces. 

Syrup of mallows, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. A spoonful every three hours in 
hemoptysis. Santoni. 

R. Creasote, one drop. 

Camphor water, 

Compound infusion of 

gentian, each, six fl. drachms. 
Mix. To check vomiting. Santoni. 



two drops, 
two fl. ounces. 



R. Creasote, 



Creasote Collutory. 



three drops. 



Compound spirit of 

lavender, twenty drops. 

Distilled water, half fl. ounce. 

Mix. Black. 

R. Creasote, four drops. 

Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. In irritation of the gums. 

Fremanger. 

R. Creasote, half a fl. drachm. 

Powdered gum Arabic, one ounce 
and a half. 
Camphor water, two fl. ounces 
and a half. 
Mix. To be used every two hours in aph- 
thous ulceration of the mouth. Magendie. 



R. Creasote, 
Lime water, 

Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful with a teaspoon- 
ful of milk, to check vomiting in cholera 
infantum. J. L. Smith. 



Creasote Ointment. 

R. Creasote, half a fl. drachm. 

Lard, one troy ounce. 

Mix thoroughly. U. S. Ph. 

Creasote ointment, Brit. Ph., is twice 

this strength. 

As an application in scaly, cutaneous 
eruptions, ulcers, etc. 

R. Simple cerate, 

Oil of almonds, each, one ounce. 
Creasote, thirty drops. 

Mix. As an application in scrofulous caries. 

Fremanger. 



Compound Ointment of Creasote. 
R. Creasote, 

Solution of subacetate 

of lead, each, ten drops. 



254 



CROCUS. — CXJBEBA. 



Extract of opium, one grain 

and a half. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. As an application to chilblains. 

Devergie. 

R. Creasote, half a drachm. 

Purified animal 

charcoal, one drachm. 

Alcohol, one fl. drachm and a half. 

Spermaceti ointment, one ounce 

and a half. 

Mix. Used as an application to burns, to 

be diluted, if necessary. Sutro. 



CROCUS. 

Saffron. 



Saffron is the stigmas of Crocus sativus, a 
bulbous-rooted plant, native of Greece, Asia 
Minor, etc., and extensively cultivated in 
many parts of Europe. 

Sex. S'yst. Triand. monog. Nat. Syst. Iri- 

Linn. Sp. PI. 50. Griffith, Med. Bot. 626. 

Saffron has a peculiar, sweetish, fragrant 
odor, a warm, bitter taste, and is of an 
orange-red color. It was at one time much 
used as an excitant, narcotic aromatic, and 
emraenagogue, but is seldom employed in 
this country, except as a coloring ingredient 
in compound preparations. Dose, from ten 
to thirty grains. 



Pills of Saffron. 
R. Saffron, } 

Myrrh, v each, one drachm. 

Sulphur, ) 

Inspissated bile, sufficient. 

Mix, and form one hundred and fifty pills. 
Dose, twelve a day, as an emmenagogue. 

Phoebus. 



Tincture of Saffron. 
R. Saffron, one ounce. 

Proof spirit, twenty fl. ounces. 
Macerate, displace, express, and filter. 

Brit. Ph. 
The tine) urc of Pit. Germ, is rather 
less than twice this strength. 
Dose, one to two 11. draclnns. 



Compound Tincture of Saffron. 

R. Saffron, one ounce. 

Myrrh, two ounces. 

Bocotrine aloes, ten ounces. 
Cinnamon, 

Mace, y each, half an ounce. 
Nutmeg, 



Orange-flower water, one pint. 

Alcohol, sixteen pints. 

Digest for two days, and distil off" eight 
pints. Cottereau. 



Elixir de Gams. 
R. Compound tincture of 

saffron, eight pints. 

Syrup of maidenhair, ten pints. 
Mix, color with caramel, dissolved in 

Orange-flower water, eight 

fl. ounces. 
Used as a stomachic and carminative. 

Foy. 

Infusion of Saffron. 

R. Saffron, one part. 

White wine, twenty-four parts. 

Infuse, and strain. Advised in debility of 

the digestive organs. B6ral. 



Syrup of Saffron. 
R. Saffron, one part. 

White wine, twenty-four parts. 
White sugar, thirty-six parts. 

Macerate the saffron in the wine for thirty- 
six hours, strain, and add the sugar. 

Ph. Germ. 

Paris Codex uses eighteen parts of 
Malaga wine, and twenty-three parts of 
sugar. 

Slightly stimulant. 



Saffron Collyrium. 
R. Saffron, one part. 

Boiling water, two hundred parts. 
Infuse, strain, and add 

Tincture of opium, one part. 

Phoebus. 



Saffron Ointment. 
R. Cut saffron, one scruple. 

Camphor, two scruples. 

Oil of henbane, two drachms. 

Goulard's cerate, six drachms. 
Mix. As an application to painful hemor- 
rhoids. Spielmann. 



CUBEBA. 

CUBEBS. 

Cubebs are the berries or fruit of Piper cu- 
beba } a climbing perennial vine, native of 
many parts of the East Indies. 



CTTBEBA. 



25 



Sex. Syst. Diand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Piper- 
acese. 

Linn. Sp. PL 90. Griffith, Med. Bot. 567. 

Cubebs somewhat resemble black pepper, 
but are of a lighter color, and are furnished 
with a short stalk. The shell is thin and 
hard, and the seed round, white, and oily. 
The taste is acrid, peppery, and camphora- 
ceous ; the odor aromatic and pleasant. 
Cubebs are stimulant, with a special action 
on the genito-urinary organs, and have 
been much used in gonorrhoea, leucorrhcea, 
etc., and have also been found useful in 
piles, bronchitis, etc. The dose of the 
powder is from ten grains to three drachms, 
according to circumstances. 



Powder of Cubebs. 

R. Powdered cubebs, half a drachm 

to one drachm. 

" ipecacuanha, eighth of 

a grain. 

Oil of peppermint, half a drop. 

Mix. To be taken four times a day, in 

gonorrhoea. Schmidt. 



Powder of Cubebs and Ergot. 

R. Powdered ergot, two scruples. 

u cubebs, one ounce. 

" cinnamon, half a 

drachm. 



sugar, 



one drachm. 



Mix, and divide into eight powders. One 
to be given three or four times a day. In 
gonorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhcea, etc. 

Ryan, 



Powder of Cubebs and Hemlock. 

R. Powdered cubebs, 

half a drachm to a drachm. 

Extract of hemlock, half a grain. 

Prepared oyster shell, five grains. 
Mix. To be taken four times a day in 
gonorrhoea. Phoebus. 



Powder of Cubebs and Alum. 

R. Powdered cubebs, two ounces. 

" alum, half an ounce. 

Mix, and divide into nine powders. One 

to be taken three times a day. Ricord. 



Cubeb Lozenges. 
(Spitta's Lozenges.) 
R. Powdered cubebs, two drachms. 
Balsam of tolu, six grains. 

Mix, and add 



OO 



one ounce. 



Extract of liquorice, 

Syrup of balsam 

of Peru, one drachm. 

Gum Arabic, sufficient. 

Rub well together, and form lozenges of 
ten grains. One of these, permitted grad- 
ually to melt in the mouth, alleviates the 
obstruction in the nose, in coryza. Spitta. 

R. Oleoresin of 

cubeb, half a fl. ounce. 

Oil of sassafras, a fl. drachm. 

Powdered liquorice, 

four troyounces. 
" gum Arabic, 

two troyounces. 
" sugar, 

three troyounces. 
Syrup of tolu, sufficient. 

Mix the powders, add the oil and oleoresin, 
then with the syrup form a mass, to be di- 
vided into four hundred and eighty lozenges. 

U. S. Ph. 
Used like the preceding. 



Electuary of Cubebs. 
R. Powdered cubebs, half an ounce. 
Clarified hone} 7- , sufficient. 

Mix. Three or four teaspoonfuls a day, in 
gonorrhoea, mucous discharges from the 
bladder, etc. Radius. 

R. Powdered cubebs, 

Copaiba, each, two ounces. 

Powdered alum, one ounce. 

Extract of opium, five grains. 

Rub together. Dose, one drachm, night 
and morning, in the pulp of a prune, 
rapidly increasing the dose to two drachms. 
In gonorrhoea. BSral. 



Zoll's Compound Confection. 

R. Powdered cubebs, one troy ounce. 

Powdered alum, 

Copaiba, each, half a troj^ounce. 

Gum Arabic, three drachms. 

Simple syrup, half an ounce. 

Mix. Used like the preceding. 

Maryl. Coll. Ph. 



Injection of Cubebs. 
R. Powdered cubebs, one ounce. 

Water, one pint. 

Boil, and strain. Add 

Extract of belladonna, one scruple. 
In gonorrhoea and leucorrhcea. 

Soubeiran. 



256 



CUBEBA 



Clyster of Cubebs. 
R. Powdered cubebs, 

one to four drachms. 
Decoction of mallows, six ounces. 
Mix. To be administered night and morn- 
ing, in gonorrhoea. Foy. 



Oleoresin of Cubebs. 



R. Cubebs, in powder, 



No. 60, 



twelve troy ounces, 
sufficient. 



Ether, 

Press the powder into a displacer, arranged 
with cover and receptacle suitable for vola- 
tile liquids, add the ether gradually, and 
obtain by slow displacement twenty-four 
fl. ounces. Distil, with care, the greater 
part of the ether, and expose the residue in 
a capsule until all the ether has evaporated. 
Decant the oleoresin from the waxy and 
crystalline matter which deposits on keep- 
ing the product in a bottle. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, ten to twenty minims. 



Fluid Extract of Cubebs. 
R. Cubebs in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troy ounces. 

Stronger alcohol, sufficient. 

Moisten the powder with six fl. ounces of 
the alcohol, pack firmly in a percolator, 
add ten fl. ounces of stronger alcohol and 
macerate for four days. Then displace 
twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first 
fourteen, evaporate the remainder to two 
fl. ounces, and mix with the reserved por- 
tion. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, a teaspoouful. 



Emulsion of Fluid Extract of Cubebs. 
R. Oleoresin of 



jubebs, 



two drachms. 



Powdered gum Arabic, 

half an ounce. 

" sugar, one drachm. 

Water, three ounces and a half. 

Mix. A tablespoonfal is equal to two 

drachma of cubebs. W. Procter. 



Alcoholic Ethereal Extract of Cubebs. 
li. Powdered cubebs, at will. 

Bxhau i by ether, by means of a displace- 

iiicnt apparatus, act OB residue with diluted 

alcohol, and distil the two tinctures sepa- 
rately. Evaporate the residue of the alco- 
holic tincture by means of a water-bath; 
add both together, and lei the remaining 
ether evaporate spontaneously. 

Labdonye. 



Lozenges of Alcoholic-Ethereal 
Extract of Cubebs. 

R. Extract of cubebs, eight ounces. 

Alcohol, two pints. 

Dissolve, and add 

Powdered sugar, one pound. 

Oil of peppermint, eighteen drops. 

Mix, and allow alcohol to evaporate by a 
gentle heat ; reduce to a powder, and add 

Mucilage tragacanth, sufficient. 

Mix, and divide into lozenges of six to 
eighteen grains. Labelonye. 

Cubeb Mixture. 
R. Powdered cubebs, two drachms. 
Carbonate of sodium, half a drm. 
Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, six fl. drachms. 

Mint water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every hour. 

Fosbroke. 

R. Powdered cubebs, two drachms. 
Subnitrate of 

bismuth, half -a drachm. 

Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, half fl. ounce. 

Syrup, six fl. drachms. 

Water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful four times a day. 

Fosbroke. 
Both these are recommended in the vari- 
ous affections of mucous membranes. 

R. Powdered cubebs, two drachms. 
Wine, two ounces. 

Essence of bergamot, one drop. 

Mix. To be taken every hour or two. 

Pierquin. 



Tincture of Cubebs. 

R. Powdered cubebs, four troyounces. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by percolation two pints. U. S. Ph. 

The product of the formula of Brit. Ph. 

is nearly the same. 

Dose, one to two drachms, as a stomachic 
and carminative, or in advanced stage of 
gonorrhoea. 



Ethereal Tincture of Cubebs. 
R. Powdered cubebs, four ounces. 

Spirit of nitrous ether, two pints. 
Digest for eight days and filter. Service- 
able in subacute inflammations of bladder, 
uterus, and of the mucous lining of the 
stomach and intestines. Mettauer. 



CTJCUMIS. CTJPEI AOETAS. 



257 



Syrup of Alcoholic-Ethereal Extract 
of Cubebs. 

R. Extract of cubebs, three ounces. 

Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. 

Peppermint water, one pint. 

White sugar, two pounds. 

Mix. A teaspoonful, several times a day, 
in a glass of water. Labelonye. 



R 



Oil of Cubebs. 

Powdered cubebs, one part. 

Water, two parts. 

Distil, and collect the oil. Giordano. 

Dose, ten to twelve drops, gradually in- 
creased. Given in emulsion, or in gelatin 
c 



Mixture of Oil of Cubebs and 
Copaiba. 

R. Oil of cubebs, one scruple. 

Copaiba, two ounces. 

Mix. A teaspoonful, four times a day. 

Btral. 



CTJCUMIS. 

Cucumis. 

r The seeds of several species are sometimes 
used medicinally, namely, of C. citrulhis or 
watermelon, C. melo or musk melon, and 
C. sativus or cucumber ; the juice of the 
latter has likewise been employed for mak- 
ing cucumber ointment. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. monad. Nat. Syst. Cu- 
curbitacese. 

They are inodorous, have a mucilaginous 
and oily taste, and act as a demulcent and 
diuretic. A decoction made of half an 
ounce of tbe seeds to a pint of water has 
been found useful in incontinence of urine 
and strangury, in doses of one or two fluid- 
ounces. 



Cucumber Ointment. 
R. Green cucumbers (fit for 

the table), seven pounds. 

Lard, twenty-four ounces. 

Yeal suet, fifteen ounces. 

Wash and grate the unpared cucumbers, 
and express the juice. Melt the suet, add 
the lard, and strain, stirring constantly ; as 
it thickens, add one-third of the juice, and 
beat with a wooden spatula. The part 
that separates by standing is decanted, and 
the other two-thirds are consecutively in- 
corporated, and decanted in the same man- 
ner. It is usual to keep the ointment in 
glass jars, covered with rose water, to pre- 
vent access of air. W. Procter, Jr. 
H 



CUNIL A. 
Dittany. 

The whole herb of Cunila mariana. A 
native plant, found in most places in the 
United States. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. La- 
miacese. 

Linn. Sp. PL 30. Griffith, Med. Bot. 509. 

It has a powerful, aromatic odor, and a 
warm, pungent taste. It is stimulant, car- 
minative, sudorific, and emmenagogue. 



Infusion of Dittany. 
R. Dittany, half an ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint* 

Infuse and strain. Used warm, as a dia- 
phoretic and emmenagogue. 



Oil of Dittany. 

R. Dittany, at will. 

Water, sufficient. 

Distil, and separate the oil. As a car- 
minative, in doses of two or three drops, 
with sugar. 



CUPRUM. 

Copper. 



A brilliant, ductile, malleable metal, of a 
reddish color, having an unpleasant taste 
and smell. It is not used in its pure state 
in medicine, but its salts afford numerous 
remedial preparations. 



CUPRI ACETAS. . 

Acetate of Copper. 

at will, 
sufficient. 



R. Pulverized verdigris 
Acetic acid, 



Dissolve, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. 

Van Mons. 



Pills of Acetate of Copper. 
R. Acetate of copper, fifteen grains. 
Boiling water, sufficient 

to dissolve ; add 

Opium, five grains. 

Extract of liquorice, one drachm. 
Powdered liquorice, sufficient. 

Mix, and make one hundred and eighty pills. 
Dose, three to ten, three times a day. 

Phoebus. 



258 



CUPRI SUBACETAS PEJPAEATUM. 



CUPRI SUBACETAS 
PRJEPARATUM. 

Verdigris. 



Prepared Subacetate of Copper. 

R. Virdigris, in powder, at will. 

Reduce to powder by trituration in a mor- 
tar, and separate the finer parts for use by 
a sieve. Dub. Ph. 



Powder of Verdigris and Savine. 
R. Verdigris, 

Savine, equal parts. 

Mix. To be dusted on sores with fungous 
excrescences. Ellis. 



Verdigris and Alum. 
R. Verdigris, } 

2sitre, v each, eight parts. 

Alum, ) 

Melt together, and add 

Camphor, one to two parts. 

Much used in Europe as a basis for ophthal- 
mic solutions, under the name of Beer's 
divine stone. Radius. 



Ophthalmic Washes. 
R. Beer's divine 

stone, eight to twelve grains. 

Water, four fl. ounces and a half. 

Wine of opium, a fl. scruple to 

one fl. drachm. 

Mix. In chronic ophthalmia. Benedict. 

R. Beer's divine 

stone, three to four grains. 

Elder water, one fl. ounce. 

Tincture of opium, twelve drops. 
Solution of subacetate of 

lead, five drops. 

Mix. rjsed like tin' last. Rust. 



Compound Verdigris Lotion. 

R. Verdigris, 

Burnt alum, each, two drachms. 

Honey, half an ounce. 

White wine, one pint. 

Mix. \ a trash for indolent venereal or 
scorbutic ol< Scherf. 



Metz's Balsam. 

K. Linseed oil, 

Olive oil, each, six ounces. 



Oil of laurel berries, one ounce. 
Turpentine, two ounces. 

Melt by a gentle heat, and add 

Powdered aloes, two drachms. 

" verdigris, three 

drachms. 

" white vitriol, one 

drachm and a half. 

Pour into a bottle, and add 

Oil of juniper, half an ounce. 

" cloves, one drachm. 

Mix. As a dressing to wounds and ulcers. 

Guibourt. 



Verdigris Ointment. 
R. Verdigris, in fine powder, one 

drachm. 
Simple ointment, fifteen drachms. 
Melt the ointment, add the verdigris, and 
stir till cold. U. S. Ph. 1840. 

Used as a mild escharotic and stimulant 
to fungous ulcers, to warts, corns, etc., and 
obstinate cutaneous affections. 

R. Verdigris, two drachms. 

Oxide of zinc, 
Camphor, dissolved 

in alcohol, each, six drachms. 

Triturate well, and incorporate with a 
melted mixture of 

Lard, 

Suet, each, two ounces, 
and stir till cold. Recommended in scrofu- 
lous ophthalmia. Swediaur. 



Verdigris Plaster. 
R. Yellow wax, four parts. 

Burgundy pitch, two parts. 

Common turpentine, one part. 
Melt together, strain, and add 

Verdigris, one part. 

Paris Codex. 

Ph. Germ, directs only one-third part of 

verdigris. A good application for corns and 

warts. 



Egyptian Ointment. 
R. Verdigris, five parts. 

Purified lioney, sixteen parts. 

Strong vinegar, seven parts. 

Burnt alum, half a part. 

Mix, and melt by a gentle heat, stirring 
constantly. This is thought to form an ex- 
cellent detergent application to ulcers. 

Giordano. 



CUPRI CHLOPJDUM. — CUPRUM AMMONIATUM, 259 



Liniment of Verdigris. 
R. Powdered verdigris, one ounce. 
Vinegar, seven fl, ounces. 

Honey, fourteen ounces. 

Dissolve the verdigris in the vinegar, 
strain, gradually add the honey, and boil 
down to proper consistence. Lond. Ph. 
Used like the last, and also much diluted 
as a gargle in venereal sore throat. 



CUPRI CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride op Copper. 
R. Chloride of potassium, seven parts. 
Sulphate of copper, eleven and a 
half parts. 

Pulverize, mix, and gradually add twelve 
parts boiling water ; on cooling, filter, sepa- 
rate the sulphate of potassium that forms, 
then permit the crystals of the chloride to 
form, separate, and dry. Van Mons. 



Cupreous Ether. 
R. Chloride of barium, ten parts. 

Sulphate of copper, twelve parts. 

Sulphuric ether, six parts. 

Triturate the salts together, add the ether, 
and decant when all the chloride of copper 
is dissolved. Has been recommended in 
small doses in epilepsy. Van Mons. 

Chloride of Copper and Ammonia. 
R. Chloride of copper, 

" ammonium, equal parts. 

Dissolve in water, add liquid ammonia, 
drop by drop, as long as any precipitate 
takes place, and is again dissolved by the 
addition of more ammonia ; filter, and evap- 
orate. Augustin. 
Used in epilepsy, in doses of two to ten 
grains. 



Solution of Ammoniacal Chloride of 
Copper and Mercury. 

R. Copper filings, two drachms. 

Calomel, two ounces. 

Dissolve the copper in two fl. ounces liquid 
ammonia, and the calomel in two fl. ounces 
muriatic acid, with fifteen drops of nitric 
acid ; mix the solutions in such proportions 
that the precipitate that first forms is re- 
dissolved. Radius. 



Ko echini' s Drops. 
R. Solution of ammoniacal 
chloride of copper and 
mercury, two fl. drachms. 

Distilled water, twenty fl. ounces. 



Mix. Much praised in obstinate venereal 
affections, scrofula, etc. Dose, a teaspoon- 
ful after each meal. Augustin. 



CUPRUM AMMONIATUM. 

Ammoniated Copper. 

R. Sulphate of copper, half a 

troyounce. 
Carbonate of ammonium, 

six drachms. 

Rub together in a glass mortar till effer- 
vescence ceases, wrap in bibulous paper, 
and dry with a gentle heat. U. 8. Ph. 

R. Pure sulphate of copper, 

one part. 
Water of ammonia, three parts. 
Alcohol, six parts. 

Dissolve the salt in the ammonia water, 
add the alcohol, collect the precipitate, and 
dry between bibulous paper without heat. 

Ph. Germ. 
Has been used in epilepsy, chorea, hys- 
teria, etc. Dose, a quarter to half a grain 
twice a day, and gradually increased. 



Solution of Ammoniated Copper. 
R. Ammoniated copper, one drachm. 
Distilled water, one pint. 

Dissolve and filter. Lond. Ph. 

As a lotion to foul and indolent ulcers, 
or internally, in same cases as the powder. 



Injection of Ammoniated Copper. 
R. Ammoniated copper, five grains. 
Rose water, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix. In gonorrhoea. Ellis. 



Powder of Ammoniated Copper and 
Belladonna. 

R. Ammoniated copper, 

two to four grains. 
Powdered belladonna 

root, one to four grains. 

Sugar, one drachm. 

Mix, and form six powders. One to be taken 

every two hours, in epilepsy. Hildebrand. 



Pills of Ammoniated Copper. 

R. Ammoniated copper, two grains. 
Crumb of bread, sufficient. 

Mix, and form four pills. One to be taken 
twice a day, in epilepsy, gradually increasing 
the dose. A. T. Thomson. 



2G0 



CUPKI SULPHAS 



R. Aminouiated copper, fifteen 

grains. 

Crumb of bread, two scruples. 

Sugar, one scruple. 

Liquid ammonia, sufficient. 

Mix, aud form thirty pills. Dose, one, 
three times a day, gradually increased. In 
epilepsy. Van Mons. 



Compound Pills of Ammoniated 
Copper. 

B. Ammoniated copper, 

Opium, each, ten grains. 

Extract of dandelion, 

Powdered mallow, each, 

two scruples. 
Mix, and form fifty pills. Dose, five, twice 
a day, in diabetes. Radius. 



Gargle of Ammoniated Copper. 
R. Ammoniated copper, eight grains. 

Savine water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. In chronic sore throat. Kopp. 



Ointment of Ammoniated Copper. 
B. Solution of ammoniated 



copper, 



one fl. drachm. 



Simple cerate, melted, one ouuce. 
Mix well. As a stimulant to indolent 
ulcers. Swediaur. 



CUPRI SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Copper. 



Powder of Sulphate of Copper. 
B. Sulphate of copper, twelve grains. 
Sugar of milk, four scruples. 

Mix, and divide into four powders. Much 
praised in croup — given as follows: one is 
to be administered at once; another dis- 
solved in three spoonfuls of water, one of 
which is to be taken every hour. Radius. 

B. Sulphate of copper, four grains. 

Sugar of milk, eight scruples. 

Mix. and divide into eight powders. Two 

a day, in obstinate diarrhoBa. EUiotson. 

Compound Powder of Sulphate of 
Copper. 

B. Sulphate of copper, " 
" zinc, 

Alum, y equal parts. 

Carbonate of load, 
Armenian bole. 



Melt the first three substances together, 
pulverize, add the other two articles, and 
sift. 

This is a powerful astringent, and has 
proved useful as a styptic. Cottereau. 



Aluminated Sulphate of Copper. 
Lapis Divinus. 

R. Sulphate of copper, 

Nitrate of potassium, 

Alum, each, twenty parts. 

Melt, and before congealing, add 

Powdered camphor, one part. 

Used in eye-washes. Paris Codex. 

Ph. Germ, adds one and a quarter parts 

of camphor, previously mixed with same 

quantity of powdered alum. 



Pills of Sulphate of Copper. 

R. Sulphate of copper, four grains. 
Extract of cinchona, thirty-two 

grains. 

Mix, make mass, and divide into sixteen 
or twenty pills. One to be taken three 
times a day, in obstinate intermittents. 

Ellis. 

R. Sulphate of copper, 

Ipecacuanha, each, one drachm. 
Syrup, sufficient. 

Form mass, and divide into pills of five 
grains each. Dose, two to four, every two 
or three days, in the morning, before eating, 
in phthisis. Foy. 

R. Sulphate of copper, six grains. 

Powdered calamus, two drachms. 

Extract of liquorice, 

Water, each, sufficient. 

Form mass, and divide into ninety-six pills. 
Four to seven, two or three times, in the 
apyrexia of obstinate intermittents. 

Adair. 



Pills of Sulphate of Copper and 
Opium. 

R. Sulphate of copper, two grains. 

Opium, four grains. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and make sixteen pills. One, three 
times a day, in obstinate intermittents. 

Chapman. 



Compound Pills of Sulphate of 
Copper. 

R. Sulphate of copper, two grains. 
Alcohol, ext. cascarilla, seventeen 

grains. 



CUPEI SULPHAS 



261 



Opium, 

Syrup of ginger, 
Mix, and make eight pills, 
times a day, in epilepsy. 



two grains. 

sufficient. 

One, three 

Ainslie. 



Electuary with Sulphate of Copper. 
R. Sulphate of copper, one scruple. 
Opium, one grain. 

Armenian bole, 

Catechu, each, one drachm and a 

half. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix. In obstinate diarrhoea. Saunders. 



Gargle with Sulphate of Copper. 

R. Sulphate of copper, twenty grains. 

Infusion of sage, six fl. ounces. 

Tincture of myrrh, 

a catechu, 

" kino, 

M pimpinella, five 

drachms. 

Honey, six drachms. 

Mix well. In obstinate salivation. Kopp. 



each, one 
drachm. 



Collyrium of Sulphate of Copper. 
R. Sulphate of copper, 

Armenian bole, each, eight grains. 

Camphor, two grains. 

Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 
Eub well together, permit to settle, and 
strain. As an application in purulent oph- 
thalmia of infants. Ware. 

R. Sulphate of copper, six grains. 

Camphor, one drachm. 

Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 
Rub the camphor with the water, strain, 
and add sulphate of copper. As a substi- 
tute for the above. Ellis. 

R. Aluminated sulphate 

of copper, six grains. 

Distilled water, three troyounces. 

Dissolve and filter. Paris Codex. 



Sulphate of Copper Lotion. 

R. Sulphate of copper, one ounce 

and a half. 
Alum, five drachms and a half. 
Sage leaves, five ounces. 

Vinegar, one pint. 

Solution of chloride of 

ammonium, two pints. 



Boil together for half an hour. Used as an 
application, in a tepid state, to swellings 
and contusions. Purmann. 



Injection of Sulphate of Copper. 

R. Sulphate of copper, six grains. 
Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 

Tincture of opium, one fl. drachm. 

Dissolve. As an injection in chronic gon- 
orrhoea. Ellis. 

R. Sulphate of copper, six grains. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Dissolve, and add 

Solution subacetate 
of lead, twenty drops. 

As a wash and injection in phimosis. 

Swediaur. 



Ointment of Sulphate of Copper. 

R. Sulphate of copper, 

Calamine, each, five grains. 

Camphor, two grains. 

Fresh butter, two drachms. 

Triturate well together. A small portion 
to be applied to the edges of the eyelids, 
in the evening, in psorophthalmia. Rust. 

R. Sulphate of copper, 

Verdigris, each, two drachms. 

Alum, half an ounce. 

Corrosive sublimate, two scruples. 

Lard, one pound. 

Burgundy pitch, one ounce. 

Melt the pitch and lard by a gentle heat, 
and add the other ingredients, stirring till 
cold. As a dressing to venereal and fun- 
gous ulcers. Augustin. 

R. Powdered sulphate of copper, 

" catechu, each, four 

drachms. 

" alum, nine drachms. 

" resin, four ounces. 

Olive oil, sufficient. 

Make ointment. As an application to in- 
dolent and ill-conditioned ulcers. Kerr. 



Sulphate of Copper Styptic. 

R. Sulphate of copper, three grains. 

Sulphuric acid, twenty drops. 

Water, two ounces. 

Dissolve. In epistaxis. Twenty to forty 
drops to be taken in water, every hour. 

Tliatcher. 



262 



CURCUMA. — CYPRIPEDIUM, 



CURCUMA. 

Turmeric. 

It is the rhizome of C. longa, an herba- 
ceous plant, indigenous to, and extensively 
cultivated in, southern and southwestern 
Asia. 

Sex. Syst. Monand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Zingiberacere. 

Two varieties are known, the round and 
the long, both produced from the same 
plant; they are brown-yellow externally, 
are orange-yellow internally, and present a 
resinous fracture ; odor and taste are aro- 
matic, resembling ginger, with which it 
agrees in medicinal properties. It is now 
rarely used in medicine, but is employed for 
imparting a yellow color to fats and alcoho- 
lic liquids, and as a test for alkalies which 
change the yellow color to brown. 



R. Turmeric, bruised, one part. 

Stronger alcohol, five parts. 

Macerate for a week, and filter. 



CYDONIUM. 

Quince Seeds. 

These seeds are the product of Cydonia 
vulgaris, a small tree, native of some parts 
of Europe, but extensively cultivated in 
this country. The fruit is much used for the 
purpose of making preserves. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. pentag. Nat. Syst. Po- 
maceae. 

Persoon, Enchirid. ii. 40. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 291. 

The seeds are inodorous, insipid, and 
abounding with mucilage ; one drachm ren- 
dering six ounces of water viscid. Used 
like the other bland mucilages. 



Mucilage of Quince Seeds. 

R. Quince seeds, one part. 

Rose water, fifty parts. 

Macerate for half an hour with occasional 

agitation, and .-train. Ph. Germ. 

H. Quince seeds, one ounce. 

Boiling water, six fl. ounces. 

Dige8l on hoi coals, for two hours; strain. 
Both these arc used in ophthalmia, etc. 



Quince Seed Mixture. 
Ii. Mucilage of quince 

seeds, one ounce. 

Vol Us Of 0£gS, tWO. 

Honey of roses, three ounces. 

Mix. A teaspoonfal occasionally, in cough 
and boara o< St, Mane. 



Bandoline for the Hair. 

K. Mucilage of quince 



seeds, 



eight fl. ounces. 



Cologne water, or 

Brandy, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix. 

Used as an application to the hair, to 
give gloss and smoothness. 



CYMINUM. 



Cumin. 

Cumin fruit is produced by Cuminvm 
cyminum, au umbelliferous plant, a native 
of Egypt, but cultivated in southern Europe. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. 
Apiacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 365. Lindley, Fl. Med. 51. 

The fruit has a peculiar, strong, heavy 
odor, and a warm, bitterish, aromatic taste. 
It is carminative and stimulant, is seldom, 
used internally, but enters into the compo- 
sition of some warm plasters. 



each, 



three ounces. 



Cumin Plaster. 
R. Cumin, 

Caraway, 

Laurel berries, 

Burgundy pitch, three pounds. 

Yellow wax, three ounces. 

Olive oil, 

Water, each, one fl. ounce 

and a half. 
Melt the pitch and wax together, add the 
other ingredients, stirring well, and evapo- 
rate to a proper consistence. Lond. Ph. 



CYPRIPEDIUM. 
Lady's Slipper. 

It is the rhizome of two yellow flowerirg 
species, (?. pubescevs and C. parviflorum, both 
indigenous to North America. 

Sex. Syst. Gynand. diand. Nat. Ord. Or- 
ehidaceae. 

The rhizome is several inches long, hori- 
zontal, bent, with prominent scars of the 
stems and long slender rootlets varying in 
color from light to blackish brown ; they 
have little odor and a mucilaginous, bitter, 
and acrid taste. Cypripedium is used as a 
nervous stimulant in doses of ten to twenty 
grains. 



Fluid Extract of Cypripedium. 
R. Cypripedium, in powder 

No. 60, sixteen tntyounces. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Macerate the powder, properly packed in a 
percolator, with one pint of alcohol, for four 
days; then displace slowly twenty-four fl. 
ounces, reserving the first fourteen, cvapo- 
rate the remainder to two fl. ounces and 
mix with reserved portion. 



DELPHINIUM. — DIANTHUS. 



263 



D. 



DELPHINIUM. 

Larkspur. 

The Delphinium consolida is a native of 
Europe, but has become partially natural- 
ized in this country, and is also much cul- 
tivated in gardens as an ornamental flower. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Ea- 
nunculace?e. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 748. Griffith, Med. Bot. 88. 

Several parts of this plant have been em- 
ployed medicinally, as the flowers, seeds, 
and root. They owe their properties to the 
presence of an alkaloid, called delphinia. 
The flowers are said to be diuretic, vermi- 
fuge, and emmenagogue; and the seeds and 
root to be diuretic, etc. 



a 



Tincture of Larkspur Seeds. 

Larkspur seeds, one ounce. 

Diluted alcohol, one pint. 

Macerate for some days, and filter. Dose, 
ten to twenty drops, three times a day, in 
spasmodic asthma. Augustin. 



DELPHINIA. 

Delphinia. 

This alkaloid is prepared from the seeds 
of different species of Delphinium, but gene- 
rally from those of the D. staphisagria. 

R. Larkspur seeds, at will. 



Water- 



sufficient. 



Boil, repeat the decoction with another por- 
tion of water, till all soluble portions of the 
seeds are dissolved. Concentrate the united 
decoctions, add calcined magnesia, and filter 
after a short ebullition. Wash the precipi- 
tate with cold water, and dry it ; digest it 
in alcohol on a water-bath, and permit to 
crystallize. Magendie. 

This is used in the same cases as veratria, 
in doses of a quarter to half a grain, to the 
extent of two or three grains a day. It is 
also employed in ointment, or in solution in 
alcohol. 



Solution of Delphinia. 
R. Delphinia, one scruple. 

Rectified spirit, two fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. For outward use. Tumbull. 



Ointment of Delphinia. 
R. Delphinia, ten to thirty grains. 

Olive oil, one drachm. 

Eub together, and add 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix well. Tumbull. 



DEXTRINUM. 
Dextrin. — Gum Starch. 

It is obtained on a large scale by heating 
starch with great care to between 300° and 
350°. It is a yellowish powder, almost in- 
odorous, nearly tasteless, soluble in water, 
but insoluble in strong alcohol. Ph. Germ. 
directs to heat one hundred and fifty parts 
of starch with three times its weight of 
water and four parts of oxalic acid, until 
the starch has disappeared ; the acid is neu- 
tralized by carbonate of calcium, and the 
filtrate evaporated to dryness. When pure 
it is not colored blue by iodine, and does 
not, at ordinary temperature, reduce alka- 
line solutions of oxide of copper. 

It is used to form immovable apparatus 
for fractures, and internally, dissolved in 
water, as a demulcent drink. 



Purified Dextrin. 

R. Dextrin, ten parts. 

Cold water, eighteen parts. 

Dissolve, strain, add to the liquid twice its 
bulk of alcohol and, when clear, decant ; 
dissolve the precipitate in a little distilled 
water, and dry upon plates. Hager. 



Dry Narcotic Extracts. 

R. Pure dextrin, 

Narcotic extract, each, ten parts. 
Mix, dry below 122° F., add dextrin to 
make twenty parts, and powder. When 
employing narcotic extracts in the form of 
powder, the physician prescribes the ordi- 
nary extract, and the pharmacist dispenses 
double the weight of the extract dried 
as above. Ph. Germ. 



DIANTHUS. 
Pink. 

The only species that is officinal is D. 
caryophyllus or clove pink, a native of the 
south of Europe, but generally cultivated in 
gardens, for the beauty and fragrance of its 
flowers. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Ca- 
ryophyllacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 587. Woodville, Med. Bot. i. 
205. 

The parts used are the flowers j these 
should be of a dark-red color, and very aro- 
matic. They are principally employed to 
form a syrup, which is used as a vehicle for 
other medicines. 



264: 



DIGITALIS. 



Syrup of Clove Pink. 

R. Petals of clove pink, one part. 
Boiling water, ten parts. 

Infuse for six hours, strain, and add nine- 
teen parts of sugar. Paris Codex. 



DIGITALIS. 

Foxglove. 

The foxglove is a native of Europe, but is 
cultivated in this country, both as an orna- 
mental plant, and for medicinal purposes. 

Sex. Syst. Didynam. angios. Nat. Syst. 
Scrophulariacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 868. Griffith, Med. Bot. 520. 

The parts used are the leaves ; these 
should be collected from wild plants, when 
about two-thirds of the flowers are ex- 
panded, dried in the dark, and always kept 
from the light. When good, they are of a 
dull green color, a feeble, narcotic odor, and 
a bitter, unpleasant taste. Digitalis is nar- 
cotic, sedative, and diuretic, and, in large 
doses, poisonous. It is given to fulfil many 
indications ; as a diuretic, as a sedative, and 
antispasmodic, to reduce the force of the 
circulation, etc. It is given in substance in 
the dose of one grain, two or three times a 
day, gradually increasing the quantity to 
four grains, or until some effect is produced 
on the system. 



Powder of Foxglove. 

R. Powdered foxglove, one grain. 
" cinnamon, four grains. 
" sugar, ten grains. 

Mix. For a single dose, to be repeated two 
or three times a day. Radius. 

R. Foxglove, a quarter to one grain. 

Sulphate of quinia, a half to 

two grains. 

Fennel, six grains. 

Sugar of milk, ten grains. 

Mix. To be taken three or four times a 
day, in phthisis. Gunlher. 

R. Powdered foxglove., ten grains. 
M calomel, six grains. 
M valerian, two scruples. 
" assafetiaa, 
" castor, 

each, half a drachm. 
" ragar, one drachm. 

Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. 

One, morning and evening, in the conval- 
Biom attendant on hydrocephalus. 

Pierquin. 



R. Powdered foxglove, fifteen grs. 

" nitre, three drachms. 

" cremor tartar, 

half an ounce. 
Mix, and divide into six powders. One to 
be taken every two hours. As a diuretic 
in dropsies. Brera. 

R. Powdered foxglove, six grains. 
Golden sulphuret of antimony, 
Calomel, each, three grains. 

Sugar, one drachm. 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
every three hours, in peripneumonia. 

Radius. 

R. Powdered foxglove, eight grains. 

Extract of opium, four grains. 

Sugar, one drachm. 

Oil of peppermint, four drops. 
Mix, and divide into eight powders. One 
in the evening, in palpitation of the heart. 

St. Marie. 



Extract of Digitalis. 

R. Fresh digitalis, twenty parts. 

Water, one part. 

Beat in a stone mortar into pulp, express ; 
treat residue with three parts of water in 
same manner ; heat mixed liquids to 175°, 
strain, and evaporate to two parts. Mix 
this with two parts of alcohol ; after twenty- 
four hours strain, express sediment, exhaust 
this thoroughly with one part of diluted 
alcohol, filter the mixed liquors, and evap- 
orate to proper consistence. Ph. Germ. 
Paris Codex infuses dry digitalis with 
hot water, and evaporates. Dose, half to 
three grains. 



Alcoholic Extract of Digitalis. 

R. Digitalis, in powder, 

No. 60, twelve troyounces. 

Alcohol, a pint. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Displace powder first with alcohol, then 
with diluted alcohol to obtain three pints. 
Evaporate first pint spontaneously to three 
fluidounces ; evaporate remainder to syrup, 
mix with other portions, and evaporate at 
120° to proper consistence. TJ. 8. Ph. 

Paris Codex exhausts one part digitalis 
with six parts alcohol, sp. gr. 0.914, dis- 
placing finally with water, distils, and evap- 
orates. 



Bolus of Foxglove. 

R. Powdered foxglove, fifteen grains. 
Calomel, eight grains. 

Hoot of juniper, one drachm. 



DIGITALIS. 



265 



Mix, and form four boluses. One, every 
four hours, in encephalitis. Brera. 

R. Powdered foxglove, twelve grains. 

Calomel, six grains. 

Tartar emetic, two grains. 

Purified honey, 

Powdered liquorice root, 

each, sufficient. 

Mix, and form four boluses. One, every 
four hours, in hemoptysis and engorgement 
of the abdominal viscera. Brera. 



Pills of Foxglove. 
R. Powdered foxglove, twelve grains. 

Calomel, six grains. 

Opium, two grains. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and form twelve pills. One to be 
taken every eight hours, in hydrothorax 
and ascites. Ellis. 

R. Powdered foxglove, four grains. 
w camphor, twelve grains. 

Extract of henbane, eighteen grs. 
Mix, and make six pills. Two to be taken 
at bedtime. Used in maniacal and spas- 
modic affections. A. T. Thomson. 

R. Powdered squill, four grains. 

" myrrh, one scruple. 

" foxglove, ten grains. 

Calomel, six grains. 

Triturate together, and add 

Assafetida, half a drachm. 

Extract of gentian, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and divide into fifteen pills. 
One, night and morning, as a diuretic in 
dropsies. Paris. 

R. Powdered foxglove, 

" opium, each, six grains. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and make twelve pills. One to be 
taken every four hours. In asthma, etc. 

Ellis. 

R. Powdered foxglove, one drachm. 
Extract of hemlock, } each, 

" rhubarb, i half a 

Aloes, ^ ) drachm. 

Ammoniac, four scruples. 

Oxymel of squill, 
Powdered liquorice root, 

each, sufficient. 

Mix, and make pills of six grains. Three 
to be taken morning and evening. In 
dropsy, etc. Brera. 



Pills of Foxglove and Squill. 

R. Powdered foxglove, 

" squill, each, one part. 

Aromatic electuary, two parts. 

Confection of roses, sufficient. 

Beat them into a mass, and divide into pills 
of four grains each. Ed. Ph. 

Dose, one or two pills. 



Infusion of Digitalis. 

R. Digitalis, in powder, 

No. 20, one drachm. 

Boiling water, half a pint. 

Tincture of cinnamon, one 

fl. ounce. 

Macerate the foxglove with the water, in a 
covered vessel, for two hours ; strain, and 
add the tincture. U. S. Ph. 

The dose is half a fl. ounce, twice a day, 
till the system is affected. 

R. Digitalis, bruised, thirty grains. 

Boiling distilled water, ten 

fluidounces. 

Infuse for one hour, and strain. Brit. Ph. 
About half the strength of preceding. 



Fluid Extract of Digitalis. 

R. Digitalis, in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, three fluidounces. 

Alcohol, twelve fluidounces. 

Water, one fluidounce. 

Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with 
half a pint of the mixture, pack it well into 
a percolator, add the remaining liquid, and 
macerate for four days ; then displace with 
diluted alcohol twenty-four fluidounces, re- 
serve the first fourteen fluidounces, add to 
the remainder one fluidounce of glycerin, 
evaporate to two fluidounces, and mix with 
the reserved portion. U. S. Ph. 



Mixture of Foxglove and Acetate of 
Potassium. 

R. Infusion of foxglove, four 

fl. ounces. 

Tincture of foxglove, one 

fl. drachm. 

Acetate of potassium, one drachm. 

Tincture of opium, ten drops. 

Mix. A dessertspoonful three or four times 
a day ; as a diuretic. Ellis* 



206 



DIGITALIS 



Mixture of Foxglove and Acetate of 
Lead. 

R. Powdered foxglove, three to 

five grains. 
Solution of subacetate 

of lead, five drops. 

Syrup of orange flowers, one 

ounce. 

Infusion of poppies, six ounces. 

Mix. In spoonful doses, in hypertrophy of 

the heart. Foy. 



Mixture of Foxglove and Tartaric 
Acid. 

R. Infusion of foxglove, half an ounce. 

Tartaric acid, one scruple. 

Carbonate of sodium, 

twenty-four grains. 

Sweet spirit of nitre, one drachm. 

Tincture of squill, four drops. 

Mint water, two ounces. 

Mix. As a diuretic, in ascites. To be 
taken twice or thrice a day. Dewees. 



Expectorant Mixture of Foxglove. 
R. Foxglove leaves, thirty grains. 
Boiling water, sufficient 

to obtain four ounces of strained infusion, 
add 

Syrup of gum Arabic, three 

ounces. 

Kcrmcs mineral, six grains. 

Syrup of mallows, one ounce. 

Mix. To be taken in leaspoonful doses, in 
pneumonia and pleurisy. Brera. 



Tincture of Digitalia. 

R. Digitalis, in powder, 

No. 60, four troyounccs. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement, two pints of tine- 
tun-. * u.s. Ph. 
Tincture of Brit. Ph. is abont the same 
strength, runs Codex displaces with al- 

COhol of 0.914, five parts from one part 
digitalis. 

K. Fresh digitalis, five parts, 

A Icohol, six part s. 

Brni e leave* in stone mortar, add alcohol, 
macerate foreign^ days, express, and filter. 

I'll. (! mn. 
Do 6, from ten to thirty drops, two or 

three I imes i day ; in delirinm tremens half 
a teaspoonfn] to a tablespoonfal. 



Ethereal Tincture of Digitalis. 
R. Digitalis, bruised, one part. 

Spirit of ether, ten parts. 

Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. 

Ph. Germ. 

R. Powdered digitalis, one part. 

Spirit of ether, sp. gr. 

0.76, sufficient. 

Displace five parts. Paris Codex. 

The latter, apparently, is double the 
strength of the former, but contains more 
ether, which does not dissolve digitalin. 
Dose, ten to twenty grains. 

R. Digitalis, bruised, one ounce 

and a half. 
Spirit of nitrous ether, two pints. 
Macerate for ten days, and filter. Dose, 
twenty drops to a fl. drachm in some diu- 
retic infusion, in dropsies. 

Mettauer. 



Mixture of Tincture of Foxglove. 

R. Tincture of foxglove, one 

fl. drachm. 

" opium, sixty drops. 

Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. A teaspoonful, two or three times a 

day, in hemoptysis and incipient phthisis. 

Ellis. 



"Wine of Digitalis. 
R. Digitalis, three parts. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.914, six parts. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, and add 
Good white wine, one hundred 

parts. 
Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 
Paris Codex. 
A tablespoon ful represents about six and 
a half grains digitalis. 



Vinegar of Digitalis. 
R. Digitalis, cut, one part. 

Distilled vinegar, nine parts. 

Alcohol, one part. 

Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. 

Ph. Germ. 
A teaspoonful, several times a day. 

Highly spoken of in incipient phthisis. 



Ointment of Foxglove. 
K. Extract of digitalis, one part. 
Simple ointment, nine parts. 

Mix thoroughly. Ph. Germ. 



DIGITALISTUM. 



267 



R. Bruised foxglove leaves, one part. 
Lard, two parts. 

Melt over a slow fire, until all moisture is 
driven off, and strain. As an application 
to chronic ulcers. Soubeiran. 



Plaster of Foxglove. 

R. Foxglove leaves, two drachms. 
Yinegar, one fl. ounce. 

Macerate, and evaporate to consistence of 
an extract, and add 

Calomel, ten grains. 

Elemi ointment, eight scruples. 

Mix. In chronic glandular swellings. 

Sundelin. 



Syrup of Digitalis. 

R. Tincture of digitalis, one part. 
Simple syrup, forty parts. 

Mix tincture with one-tenth of hot syrup, 
evaporate alcohol, and mix with remainder. 
A tablespoonful represents one and a half 
grains of digitalis. Paris Codex. 

R. Digitalis bruised, four troy- 

ounces. 

Water, sufficient. 

Sugar, one pound. 

Exhaust, by process of displacement, evap- 
orate in a water-bath to ten ounces, add 
sugar, and form syrup. One teaspoonful is 
equivalent to fifteen grains of digitalis, or 
about two ounces of infusion. Duliamel. 



DXGITALINTTM. 

DlGITALIN. 

R. Digitalis in powder, 

No. 50, forty-eight troy ounces. 
Stronger alcohol, six pints. 

Water, two pints. 

Displace powder slowly with mixed liquids, 
afterwards with diluted alcohol, to obtain 
eight pints of tincture. Distil off six pints 
and a half, to residue add half a fl. ounce 
acetic acid, and two drachms purified animal 
charcoal, and after twenty-four hours, filter. 
Neutralize filtrate nearly with ammonia, 
then precipitate with tannin (four drachms 
dissolved in half a pint of water), filter, 
wash precipitate with little water, mix with 
two drachms levigated oxide of lead, and 
dry. Powder residue, add one drachm 
animal charcoal, digest with three ounces 
stronger alcohol for one hour at 160°, pass 
through small filter, wash with three ounces 



of warm alcohol, evaporate filtrate, powder 
residue, wash twice with half a fiuidounce 
of strong ether, and dry the powder. 

U. S. Ph. 

This is essentially the process of Brit. Ph. 

Paris Codex obtains from two hundred 
parts of leaves, by displacement with cold 
water, six hundred parts of infusion of at 
least 1.05 sp. gr. This is precipitated by 
slight excess (fifty parts) of solution of sub- 
acetate of lead, the filtrate precipitated by 
(eight parts) carbonate of sodium, then by 
(four parts) ammonio-phosphate of sodium, 
and the filtrate by an excess (eight parts) 
of tannin ; the precipitate is collected, while 
moist, mixed with five parts oxide of lead, 
dried, powdered, and exhausted with alco- 
hol ; the solution is decolorized by animal 
charcoal (one part), evaporated, residue 
washed with little distilled water, drained, 
dissolved in boiling alcohol, and evaporated. 
Residue is again dissolved in hot alcohol, 
evaporated, washed with cold water, redis- 
solved in alcohol, and evaporated. Residue 
is treated with chloroform, and this solution 
evaporated spontaneously, when pure di- 
gitalin is left. This is about twice more 
active, than that which has not been treated 
with chloroform. Paris Codex. 

Yellowish-white powder, inodorous (of 
peculiar aromatic odor, Paris Codex), and 
very bitter ; nearly insoluble in cold water 
and pure ether, easily soluble in alcohol 
(and in chloroform, Codex) ; its solution in 
muriatic acid is yellow, soon becoming 
green. 

Dose, one-sixtieth to one- thirtieth of a 
grain, very carefully increased. 



Hypodermic Injection of Digitalin. 

R. Digitalin, one grain. 

Glycerin, 
Water, of each, two fl. drachms. 

Dissolve. Four drops are equal to about 
one-sixtieth of a grain. Ullersperger. 



Pills of Digitalin. 

R. Digitalin, three-quarters of a grain. 
Powdered gum Arabic, 
Mucilage of gum Arabic, each, 

sufficient. 

Mix, and make twenty pills. Dose, one to 
four daily, in hypertrophy of the heart. 

Bouchardat. 

R . Digitalin, three-quarters of a grain. 
Powdered squill, 

" scammony, each, 

seventy-five grains. 
Syrup of gum Arabic, sufficient. 
Rub well together, and divide into one 
hundred pills. Give two pills, then four, 
and afterwards six daily, in dropsy with 
disordered circulation. FalTcen % 



268 



DIOSPYKOS. — DULCAMARA 



Granules of Digitalin. 
B. Digitalin, fifteen and a half grains. 

Sugar, one ounce and a half. 

Gum water, sufficient. 

Mix, and form one thousand granules. 
Dose, from four to six a day. Homolle. 



DIOSPYROS. 
Persimmon. 

The Persimmon, or Diospyros Virginiana, 
is a native tree, found in the middle and 
southern States ; most frequently in the 
hitter. 

Sex. Syst. Dioec. octand. Nat. Syst. Ebena- 
ceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1510. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
435. 

Several parts of the Persimmon have 
been used in medicine, as the bark and the 
unripe fruit. They are both powerful astrin- 
gents, and have been employed with success 
in bowel complaints and hemorrhages. The 
bark may be given in infusion ; the fruit in 
syrup or vinous tincture. 



Infusion of Persimmon Bark. 
R. Persimmon bark, 

bruised, half an ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for two hours, and strain. 

Used in doses of a fl. ounce, in intermit- 
tonts, and as a gargle in ulcerated sore 
throat. 



"Wine of Persimmons. 
R. Crushed green persim- 
mons, one pound. 
Port wine, one pint and a half. 
Macerate for fourteen days, strain, and 
filter. Dose, two to four fl. drachms a day, 
as an astringent. 



DIRCA. 
Leathsbwood. 



The Direct palvstris is an indigenous shrub 
found in boggy situations, with long, tough 

8ex. 8yst. ( tetand. mbnog. Nat Syst. Thy- 
melaoese. 

Linn. Aiimimi. Ill, 12. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
661. 

The part used Lb the bark, which is very 
fibrous; It causes redness and resloation, 
wIhh applied to the skin ■ when chewed, it, 
induces salivation. Ft. has been given In 
Infusion or decoction, as a sudorific and 
« :pectorant, and also In the same class of 
in' /.' reon. 



DRACONTIUM. 
Skunk Cabbage. 

A perennial plant, with very large leaves, 
indigenous to the United States, growing 
in wet situations. It is the Symplo carpus 
fcetidus or Bracontium fcetidum. 

Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Orontiaceae. 

Linn. Sp. 1372 (Dracontium). Griffith, 
Med. Bot, 619. 

The root is officinal, but the seeds are 
equally powerful. They both have a very 
acrid taste when fresh. The leaves, when 
bruised, have a nauseous smell, and are a 
good stimulating application to blisters. 
The root and seeds are stimulant, antispas- 
modic, and narcotic ; and have been em- 
ployed with success in asthma, hysteria, 
etc. The dose in powder is from two to 
twenty grains, several times a day. 



Infusion of Skunk Cabbage Root. 

R. Skunk cabbage root, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse in a covered vessel for an hour, 

and strain. Dose, an ounce to two ounces. 



Tincture of Skunk Cabbage Root. 
R. Skunk cabbage root, 

sliced, one ounce. 

Alcohol, six fl. ounces. 

Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. 

Turner. 



Tincture of Skunk Cabbage Seed. 

R. Skunk cabbage seed, two drachms. 



Alcohol, 



four fl. ounces. 



Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. 

Turner. 



DULCAMARA. 

Bittersweet. 

The Bittersweet, or Solanum dulcamara, 
is a climbing shrub, indigenous to Europe, 
and naturalized extensively in this country. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Solanacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 264. Griffith, Med. Bot. 480. 

The officinal portions are the young 
brandies. These have a heavy, unpleasant 
odor, when fresh, but are scentless when 
dry. They have a somewhat bitter taste, 
followed by a peculiar sweetness. The 
properties of Bittersweet are those of a nar- 
cotic, diuretic, diaphoretic, and alterative. 
It has been used in chronic rheumatism, 
asthma, etc., and especially in chronic cu- 
taneous disorders. The dose, in substance, 
is from thirty grains to a drachm ; but it is 
seldom given in this form. 



DULCAMARA. 



269 



Decoction of Bittersweet. 

R. Bittersweet, bruised, 

one troyounce. 
Water, sufficient. 

Boil with a pint of water for 15 minutes, 
strain, and add sufficient water through the 
strainer to obtain a pint. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, from one to two fl. ounces, three 
or four times a day, gradually increased 
till a pint is taken in the twenty-four 
hours. In chronic eruptions, etc. 



Compound Decoction of Bittersweet. 

R. Bittersweet, half an ounce. 

Liquorice root, "| 

Burdock, ! each, 

Sassafras bark, | two drachms. 

Guaiacum, J 

Water, two pints. 

Boil down to sixteen ounces, and strain. 
Dose, one to two fl. ounces, several times a 
day, in chronic rheumatism, and venereal 
affections. Augustin. 



one ounce. 



Infusion of Dulcamara. 

R. Dulcamara, 
Boiling distilled 

water, ten ounces. 

Infuse for one hour and strain. Used like 
the preceding. Brit. Ph. 



Extract of Bittersweet. 

R. Bittersweet, in powder, 

No. 50, twelve troy ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Displace until the tincture passes but 
slightly impregnated with the properties 
of the bittersweet. Distil to one-half, 
strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose, from five to ten grains. 

Paris Codex prepares this extract by 

displacement with cold water and removing 

the albumen by heating the infusion ; Ph. 

Germ, directs digestion for six hours. 



Fluid Extract of Bittersweet. 

R. Bittersweet, in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, three fluidounces. 

Alcohol, half a pint. 

Water, five fluidounces. 

Moisten the powder with six fluidounces 
of the mixed liquids, pack into a suitable 



percolator, add the remaining liquid, and 
when all has been absorbed, macerate for 
four days ; then displace with diluted alco- 
hol twenty-four fl. ounces, reserve the first 
fourteen fluidounces, add to the remainder 
one fluidounce of glycerin, evaporate to 
two fluidounces, and mix with the reserved 
portion. U. S. Ph. 



Syrup of Bittersweet. 

R. Powdered bittersweet, 

four ounces. 
Water, twelve fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, four fl. ounces. 

Mix the fluids, pour on the powder in a dis- 
places until one pound of tincture is ob- 
tained, adding water to displace the diluted 
alcohol. Evaporate to half a pint, add fif- 
teen ounces of sugar, and make a syrup. 

W. Procter. 

Dose, a tablespoonful. This is more than 

double the strength of the syrup of Paris 

Codex, which makes it from a hot aqueous 

infusion. 



Pills of Extract of Bittersweet. 

R. Extract of bittersweet, one ounce. 
Crude antimony, 
Powder of bittersweet, 

each, half an ounce. 

Mix, and form pills of two grains each. 
Dose, from fifteen to twenty, twice a day, 
in obstinate cutaneous affections. 

Radius. 



Mixture of Bittersweet. 

R. Extract of bittersweet, 

three drachms. 

" seneka, two drachms. 

" conium, one drachm. 

Antimonial wine, 

Cinnamon water, 

each, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. Forty to eighty drops, four times a 

day, in scrofulous swelling, spasmodic cough, 

etc. Augustin. 

R. Extract of bittersweet, 

half a scruple. 
Infusion of liquorice, 
Decoction of mallows, 

each, one ounce and a half. 

Wine of opium, two drops. 

Oxymel, three drachms. 

Mix. A teaspoonful, in chronic catarrh in 

children. Radius. 



270 



ELATEKIUM. — EL AT ERIN UM, 



E. 



ELATERIUM. 

Elaterium 

Is a peculiar substance deposited by tbe 
lightly expressed and strained juice of the 
fruit of Momordica elaterium or Ecbalium 
agreste, a native of the south of Europe, 
growing in waste places. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. monad. Nat. Syst. Cu- 
curbitaceae. 

Griffith, Med. Bot. 305. 

Elaterium is in light, friable, thin, some- 
what curled flakes or fragments, of a pale, 
grayish-green color. The taste is acrid, and 
bitterish ; but the odor is very slight. The 
dose is from one to two grains, of the com- 
mon commercial kind ; of the pure and 
genuine, not more than one-eighth to a 
quarter of a grain. 



Elaterium Pills. 

R. Elaterium, ten grains. 

Extract of gentian, three drachms. 
Mix, and form pills of four grains each. 
One or two, twice a day, as a hydragogue 
purgative. Saunders. 



R. Elaterium, 

Extract of gentian, 
Soap, each, 

Mix, and form twelve pil 
in obstinate constipation. 



six grains. 

nine grains. 

One to four 
Radius. 

half a drachm. 



R. Elaterium, 

Aloes, 

Gamboge, each, two drachms. 

Ammoniac, two ounces. 

Tincture of wormwood, sufficient. 
Mix, and form pills of four grains each. 

Swed. Ph. 

R. Elaterium, fifteen grains. 

Sulphate of potassium, one scruple. 

Soap, one drachm. 

Powdered ginger, 

one drachm and a half. 
Rub the elaterium and sulphate of potas- 
sium together, and then with the ginger 
and Boap, adding Bufficienl water to form 
and make sixty pills, One or two 
every hour, until full evacuations are pro- 
CUred. Sprague. 



R. Elaterium. 

( lompotmd extract of 



one grain. 



colocynth, 



forty grains. 



Extract of hyoscyamus, 

twelve grains. 
Mix, and form twelve pills. One at night. 

Kilgour. 

Elaterium Mixture. 
R. Elaterium, one grain. 

Spirit of nitrous 

ether, two fl. ounces. 

Tincture of squill, 
Oxymel of colchicum, 

each, half a fl. ounce. 

Syrup, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. A teaspoonful three or four times a 
day, in a little water. In ascites, or hydro- 
thorax. Ferriar. 



one gram. 
six fl. ounces. 



R. Elaterium, 
Parsley water, 
Oxymel of squill, 
Syrup of buckthorn, each, half a 

fl. ounce. 
Roob of juniper, one ounce. 

Aromatic tincture, one drachm. 
Spirit of nitrous ether, two fl. 

drachms. 
Used as above, and in the same 

Hufeland. 



Mix. 
cases. 



Oil of Elaterium. 
R. Fruit of elaterium, one part. 

Oil of olives, two parts. 

Digest in a water-bath, for some days, then 
evaporate all moisture, and strain. As an 
application* for sore nipples, frosted limbs, 
and painful hemorrhoids. Lond. Ph. 



ELATERINTJM. 

Elaterin. 
R. Juice of ecbalium, at will. 

Treat with water, dissolve the residue in 
alcohol, evaporate to consistence of syrup, 
purify the crystals that form by washing 
with ether. Dose, one-sixteenth of a grain. 



Tincture of Elaterin. 
R. Elaterin, one grain. 

Alcohol, one ounce. 

Nitric acid, four drops. 

Mix. Dose, twenty to forty drops, in cin- 
namon water. Morris. 



EL EMI. EMETIA, 



271 



ELEMI. 
Elemi. 

Elemi is a resinous exudation of various 
species of plants, principally belonging to 
the natural order of Amyridacese. It oc- 
curs in masses of various consistence and 
color, but usually diaphanous ; it has a 
terebinthinate and somewhat aromatic odor, 
and a warm unpleasant taste. It has the 
usual properties of the turpentines, but is 
only employed as an external application. 
It is seldom used in this country, but is ex- 
tensively employed in Europe. 



Ointment of Elemi. 
R. Elemi, 

Venice turpentine, I each, equal 
Suet, parts. 

Lard, 
Melt carefully together, and strain. 

Ph. Germ. 

R. Elemi, one part. 

Simple ointment, four parts. 

Melt, strain through flannel, and stir until 

it solidifies. Brit. Ph. 



Elemi Plaster. 
R. Burgundy pitch, eight parts. 

Elemi, two parts. 

Common turpentine, 
Oil of bayberries, each, one part. 
Melt together and strain. Paris Codex. 
As an active stimulant to flabby ulcers, 
etc. 



Elemi Cautery Plaster. 
R. Elemi, 

Spermaceti, each, five parts. 

Turpentine, six parts. 

White wax, ten parts. 

Melt together, and spread on paper. To 
keep up discharge from issues. Soubeiran. 



EMETIA 

Emetina. 



This is a peculiar alkaloid, found in the 
various kinds of ipecacuanha, and to which 
they owe their active properties. There are 
two varieties, the colored or impure, and 
the white or pure. The latteris seldom met 
with. 



Impure Emetina. 
R. Ipecacuanha, in coarse powder, 

Stronger alcohol, each, sufficient. 
Exhaust the powder by maceration or 
displacement, distil, and evaporate to a 



syrupy consistence, mix with water, filter, 
and evaporate carefully to dryness. 

Cottereau. 

It is reddish-brown, inodorous, bitter, and 
deliquescent. Dose, half a grain to one 
grain. 

This is the extract of ipecacuanha of some 
pharmacopoeias. 



Pure Emetina. 



at will. 



R. Impure emetina, 

Dissolve in water, treat with magnesia, 
wash with cold water, treat several times 
with alcohol, on a water-bath, evaporate 
the solution to dryness, dissolve the residues 
in very dilute sulphuric or acetic acid, boil 
with a little animal charcoal, add an alka- 
line solution to saturate the acid, dry the 
precipitate, dissolve it in alcohol, and evap- 
orate to dryness. Cottereau. 
It is yellowish, or white, pulverulent, not 
deliquescent. Dose, j^th to |th of a grain. 



Emetine Mixture. 

R. Impure emetina, four grains. 

Infusion of orange leaves, two fl. 

ounces. 

Syrup of orange flowers, half a 

fl. ounce. 

Mix. A dessertspoonful every half hour, 

to produce vomiting. Magendie. 

R. Pure emetina dissolved 

in nitric acid, one grain. 

Infusion of linden, three fl. ounces. 

Syrup of mallow, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Given as the last. Foy. 



Emetine Lozenges. 
R. Impure emetina, thirty-two grains. 
Sugar, two ounces. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 

Rub together, and form lozenges of ten 
grains. One will usually vomit a child, 
and three or four an adult. Magendie. 

R. Impure emetina, thirty-two grains. 

Sugar, four ounces. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 
Mix, and form lozenges of nine grains each. 
One occasionally as an expectorant. 

Guibourt. 



Syrup of Emetina. 

R. Impure emetina, sixteen grains. 
Dissolve in a little water, filter, and add 
Syrup, one pound. 



272 



B 



EEGOTA 



Pure emetina, four grains. 

Syrup, one pound. 

Mix. The dose of these syrups is a tea- 
spoonful. Soubeiran. 



ERG OTA. 

Ergot. 

Ergot is the sclerotium of a fungus, 
called Claviceps purpurea, which replaces the 
grain of the common rye. Ergot is one of 
the few articles that act specifically on the 
uterus, increasing its contractile energy ; 
and its principal use is as a stimulant to 
uterine action in labor, and also to check 
hemorrhage from that organ ; hut it has 
been employed in a variety of other dis- 
eases, and especially, externally, as a 
styptic. The dose, in substance, to aid 
labor, is from fifteen to twenty grains, to be 
repeated every twenty minutes, till the de- 
sired effect is produced, or till a drachm is 
taken. 



Infusion of Ergot. 
R. Ergot, fifty-five grains. 

Boiling water, five fl. ounces. 

Infuse. One to two fl. ounces as a dose, to 
be repeated every twenty minutes. 

Brit. Ph. 



Ergot, 

Boiling water, 



half a drachm, 
one fl. ounce 
and a half. 
Infuse for half an hour, and strain. To be 
repeated every four hours. Ramsbotham. 



Fluid Extract of Ergot. 
R. Ergot, in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, three fl. ounces. 

A lcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Water, five fl. ounces. 

Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with 

four II. ounces of the mixture, pack into a 

percolator, add the remaining liquid, and 

macerate for four days; then displace; with 
diluted alcohol twenty-four fl. ounces, re- 
serve the tirsi fourteen fl. ounces, add to the 

remainder half B II. ounce of acetic acid and 

one B. ounce of glycerin, evaporate to two 

11. ounces, and mix with the reserved por- 
tion. U.S. Ph. 

R. Ergot, in Coarse powder 

one pound (avoir.). 
Washed ether, sufficient. 

Distilled water, three pints (imp.). 

Ahohol, eight fl. ounces. 



Place the ergot in a percolator and remove 
the oil by passing the ether slowly through 
it. Digest the marc in the water at 160° 
for twelve hours. Press out, strain, and 
evaporate by a water-bath to nine fl. ounces ; 
when cold add the alcohol and, after an 
hour, filter. Brit. Ph. 

Dose, ten to twenty minims. 



Wine of Ergot. 

R. Fluid extract of ergot, four 

fl. ounces. 

Sherry wine, twenty-eight 

fl. ounces. 

Mix and filter. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, in labor, two to three fl. drachms ; 

for other purposes, one to two fl. drachms. 



B 



Syrup of Ergot. 

Ergot, powdered, five parts. 

White wine, thirty-six parts. 

Macerate for four days, express, filter, and 
dissolve in thirty parts of the filtrate 

Sugar, fifty parts. 

One troyounce contains about thirty 

grains of ergot. Guibourt. 

R. Ergot, twenty grains. 

Extract of opium, 

three-quarters of a grain. 
Syrup, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix. Dose, one fl. ounce, occasionally, in 
engorgement of the uterus. Lisfranc. 



Tincture of Ergot. 

R. Ergot, five ounces (avoir.). 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by maceration and displacement 

one pint (imp.). Dose, twenty drops to a 



fl. drachm. 



Brit. Ph. 



R. Ergot, bruised, one part. 

Alcohol, 60 per cent., five parts. 
Macerate for ten days, strain, express, and 
filter. Paris Codex. 

The tincture of Ph. Germ, is one-half 
the strength of the preceding. 



Ethereal Tincture of Ergot. 

R. Powdered ergot, two ounces. 

Spirit of nitrous ether, one pint. 

Digest for ten days and filter. Used in 

uterine hemorrhages. Dose, one fl. drachm. 

Metiauer. 



EEGOTA 



273 



Compound Powder of Ergot. 

R. Powdered ergot, two scruples. 

" cubebs, one ounce. 

" cinnamon, half a 

drachm. 

" sugar, one drachm. 

Mix, and divide into eight powders ; one to 
be taken, three or four times a day, in leu- 
corrhoea or gleet. Ryan. 



Ergot Mixture. 

R. Powdered ergot, half a drachm. 

Syrup, half a fl. ounce. 

Mint water, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. One-third to be taken at a dose, and 
repeated every twenty minutes ; to aid labor. 

Soubeiran. 

R. Powdered ergot, one drachm. 

Syrup, three fl. ounces. 

Tincture of opium, twenty drops. 

Essence of bergamot, six drops. 
Mix. A spoonful, to be repeated as may 
be required. Pierquin. 

R. Fluid extract of ergot, two 

fl. drachms. 

Tincture of digitalis, two 

fl. drachms. 

Gallic acid, one drachm. 

Compound infusion 

of rose, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. Dose, one to two tablespoonfuls, in 
pulmonary hemorrhage. Dobell. 

R. Tincture of ergot, thirty minims. 
Syrup of saffron, half a fl. ounce. 
Compound decoction of 

aloes, one fl. ounce and a half. 
Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful thrice daily. 

Tilt. 



Ergot Clyster. 
R. Powdered ergot, one to three 

drachms. 

Water, twelve fl. ounces. 

Boil for ten minutes, and strain. As an 

enema, to aid labor. Foy. 



Compound Ergot Pills. 

R. Powdered ergot, half a drachm. 
Extract of gentian, one drachm. 
Rub together, and make fifteen pills. In 
dysmenorrhcea. One pill to be taken three 
times a day. Dewees. 

18 



Ergot Injection. 
R. Powdered ergot, half an ounce. 
Boiling water, half a pint. 

Infuse, and strain. As an injection in ery- 
thema of the vagina and urethritis. 

Desruelles. 



Extract of Ergot, or Ergotine. 
R. Powdered ergot, one part. 

Water, sufficient. 

Exhaust the ergot by the process of dis- 
placement ; heat the solution on a water- 
bath, filter, and evaporate to consistence 
of syrup; add one part of alcohol to pre- 
cipitate gummy principles ; permit to rest, 
filter, and evaporate to consistence of soft 
extract. Ph. Germ. 

This was recommended by Bonjean, and 
is said to be very efficacious in hemorrhages, 
in doses of two grains every two hours ; 
also applied as a styptic to bleeding vessels. 



Ergotine Mixture. 
R. Extract of ergot, fifteen grains. 
Syrup of orange flowers, 

one fl. ounce. 

Water, three fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful, every quarter of 

an hour, in uterine hemorrhage. Dose to 

be increased, if requisite. Bonjean. 



Pills of Ergotine. 
R. Extract of ergot, one drachm. 
Powdered liquorice root, sufficient. 

Mix, and make fifty pills. Dose, six to ten 
a day. Bonjean. 



Oil of Ergot. 

R. Powdered ergot, at will. 

Ether, sufficient. 

Exhaust ergot by process of displacement ; 
evaporate result by a gentle heat. 

Wright. 

Dose, from twenty to fifty drops, in some 

appropriate vehicle, in parturition, etc. In 

doses of ten drops, every three hours, in 

diarrhoea, gastric irritability, etc. 



Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Ergot. 

R. Powdered ergot, 

Ether, equal weights. 

Extract the oil from the ergot by the ether 
in a percolator. Digest the residue with 
six times its weight of water, for two days, 
at 167° F. Decant, evaporate to one-fourth, 
and add alcohol as long as a precipitate 



274 



ERIGEEO]^. — EEYXGIUM 



takes place. Filter the liquid and evapo- 
rate to consistence of honey. Treat the 
residue of the ergot with its original weight 
of alcohol, digest for three days, express, 
and filter. Finally mix the aqueous and 
alcoholic products, and evaporate to the 
consistence or a thick extract. Stickel. 
Dose, five to ten grains. 



ERIGERON. 

1. ERIGERON CANADENSE. 

Canada Fleabane. 

A common native plant, with numerous 
white flowers, found in waste places, in the 
Northern and Middle States. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. As- 

Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 1954. Torrey & Gray, 
Fl. ii. 175. 

The leaves and tops are used ; it has a 
rather pleasant smell, and a bitterish, acrid, 
somewhat astringent taste. It is said to be 
diuretic, tonic, and astringent, and to be 
useful in dropsies and diarrhoea. Dose, in 
substance, thirty grains to a drachm. 



Infusion of Canada Fleabane. 
R. Canada fleabane, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse. Dose, two to four fl. ounces. 

Dupuy. 



Fluid Extract of Canada Erigeron. 
R. Canada erigeron, in powder, 

No. 40, sixteen troy ounces. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Moisten powder with five fl. ounces, and 
after packing firmly in a percolator, add 
eleven fl. ounces of alcohol, macerate for 
four days, displace twenty-four fl. ounces, 
reserving the first fourteen, evaporate the 
remainder to two fl. ounces, and mix with 
reserved portion. U.S. Ph. 

Dose, a teaspoonful. 



Extract of Canada Fleabane. 

R. Canada fleabane, one pound. 

Water, one gallon. 

Boil down to four pints, filter, and evapo- 
rate to proper consistence. Dose, five to 
ten grains. 



Distil as long as oil passes over, and sepa- 
rate it from the water. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, four to ten drops, in uterine hemor- 
rhages. 



Mixture of Oil of Erigeron. 

R. Oil of erigeron, a fl. drachm. 

Sugar, two drachms. 

Gum Arabic, one drachm. 

Water, sufficient for three 

fl. ounces. 

Make an emulsion. Dose, a teaspoonful 

three times a day. E. Wilson. 



2. 



ERIGERON HETERO 

PHYLLUM. 

Fleabane.. 



This species, which has also been called 
E. annuum, is very closely allied to, and 
identical in properties with E. Philadelphi- 
cuni. Both are common plants in the United 
States, and are now officinal under the name 
of Erigeron. 

Persoon, Synop. ii. 431. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 394. 

The leaves and tops of the plants are used. 
They have a peculiar, but not- unpleasant 
odor, when bruised, and an astringent, bit- 
terish taste, and are employed as a diuretic, 
especially in dysuria of children. 



Infusion of Fleabane. 

R. Fleabane, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse. Dose, two to four fl. ounces, every 

three or four hours. Dewees. 



ERYNGIUM. 

1. ERYNGIUM MARITIMUM. 

Sea Holly. 

This plant is a native of Europe, growing 
on sandy beaches. 

Sox. Syst. Pentand.digyn. Nat. Syst. Apia- 
cex>. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 337. Griffith, Med. Bot. 315. 

It is thought to be diuretic, and was also 
esteemed aphrodisiac. The part used is the 
root, which has a sweet, agreeable taste, 
and an aromatic odor. 



Oil of Erigeron. 

Ii. Fresh Canada erigeron, .it will. 
Water, sufficient. 



2. ERYNGIUM AQUATICUM. 
Button Snakeroot. 

A native species, growing in wet places, 
from Virginia to Florida. 

Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2, p. 336. Torrey&Gray, 
Fl. 1, 004. 



EUCALYPTUS. EUPATOEIUM. 



275 



The root is bitter, aromatic, and pungent. 
It is diaphoretic and expectorant, and is 
useful in the same cases to which senega is 
appropriate. Used to some extent in South 
Carolina. 



EUCALYPTUS. 

This is an interesting genus of Australian 
trees, of the natural order Myrtacece. Many 
yield volatile oils, astringent extracts, or 
resins, and will probably be employed medi- 
cinally in the future. At present two species 
have attracted attention, one, E. resiriifera, 
yielding the so-called Botany Bay kino. 



EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
Blue Gum Tree. — Fever Tree. 

Indigenous to Victoria and Tasmania, and 
cultivated in America and Southern Europe 
as an ornamental and shade tree. The 
leaves and the volatile oil obtained from 
them, have been used; the former are thick, 
leathery, several inches in length, of an 
agreeable odor, and an aromatic styptic 
taste. The volatile oil resembles oil of caj- 
eput. 

Dose of the leaves, one to four drachms ; 
of the oil, one or two drops. 



Infusion of Eucalyptus. 
R. Eucalyptus leaves, cut, two 

drachms. 



Boiling water, 

Infuse and strain, 
evening. 



Take 



four ounces. 

morning and 
Chernovis. 



Tincture of Eucalyptus. 

R. Eucalyptus leaves, cut, one part. 

Alcohol, 80 per ct., five parts. 

Digest for five days, and filter. Dose, a 

tea- to a dessertspoonful. Dorvault. 



R. 



Syrup of Eucalyptus. 
Distilled water of 

eucalyptus, fifty parts. 

ninet}^-five parts. 

As an agreeable vehicle and 

Dorvault. 



Sugar. 
Dissolve. 
corrective. 



Extract of Eucalyptus. 

R. Eucalyptus leaves, cut, at will. 
Distil the volatile oil with water ; exhaust 
the residue in the still with water, prepare 
an extract, exhaust this with alcohol, evapo- 
rate to the consistence of an extract, and 
while cooling, stir in the volatile oil. 
Dose, two to eight grains. 



EUONYMUS. 
Spindle Tree. 

Two indigenous species have been used in 
medicine, E. Americanus, or strawberry tree, 
and E. atropurpureus, or wahoo. The latter 
is a tall shrub with elliptic ovate leaves, 
dark purple flowers, and copious crimson 
fruit, drooping on long peduncles. 

Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monogyn. Nat. Syst. 
Celastraceae. 

The bark is the officinal part ; it is of a 
grayish color, with black streaks externally, 
is without odor, and has a bitter taste, which 
is due to a neutral principle called euony- 
min. It acts as a cathartic, and is regarded 
to possess alterative properties. Dose, a 
scruple to a drachm, given in the form of 
infusion. 



EUPATORIUM. 

BONESET. 

This, the E. perfoliatum, is a native plant, 
found in abundance in most parts of the 
United States, in moist situations. Several 
other native species are almost identical in 
their properties, as E. teucrifolium, E. aro- 
rnaticum, etc. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. sequal. Nat. Syst. As- 
teracese. 

The parts used are the leaves and tops. 
These have a faint odor, and a peculiar, 
bitter taste. It is tonic and diaphoretic, and, 
in large doses, emetic and laxative. Dose, in 
substance, as a tonic, twenty to thirty grains. 



Infusion of Boneset. 



R. Boneset, 

Boiling water, 

Infuse for two hours, 
and strain. 

As a diaphoretic, 



one ounce. 

one pint. 

a covered vessel, 

U. S. Ph. 

to be taken freely, 



warm ; as a tonic, a fl. ounce, cold. 



Decoction of Boneset. 

R. Boneset, one ounce. 

Water, one pint and a half. 

Boil down to a pint. 

Dose, a wineglassful, or more, as an 
emetic and cathartic. 



Compound Infusion of Boneset. 
R. Boneset, 

Sage, each, half an ounce. 

Cascarilla, one drachm. 

Boiling water, one pint and a half. 
Infuse till cold, and strain. A wineglass- 
ful every three or four hours. In hectic 
fever. Ellis, 



276 



EUPHORBIA 

EUPHORBIA. 
Spurge. 



EUPHORBIUM. 



1. EUPHORBIA COROLLATA. 
Bowman's Root. 

A native plant, with numerous white 
flowers, found in many parts of the United 
States, in dry, sandy soils. 

Sex. Syst. Dodecand. trigyn. Nat, Syst. 
Eupborbiacese. 

Liun. Sp. PI. 258. Griffith, Med. Bot. 592. 

The root, which is the part used, is large, 
white internally, inodorous, and almost 
tasteless. It is a safe and certain emetic, in 
doses of fifteen or twenty grains, and dia- 
phoretic in that of three or four grains. 



2. EUPHORBIA IPECAC- 
UANHA. 

Wild Ipecacuanha. 

This is also a native plant, with numerous 
procumbent stems, and variously-shaped 

Linn. Sp. PI. 653. Griffith, Med. Bot. 592. 

Tbe root, the part used, is large, white, 
almost inodorous, and has a somewhat sweet 
taste. It is an energetic emetic, but, like 
the last species, apt to act on the bowels. 
Dose, ten to fifteen grains. 



Compound Powder of Wild Ipecac- 
uanha. 

R. Powdered wild ipecacuanha, 

" opium, each, six grains. 

Sulphate of potassium, forty-eight 

grains. 
Triturate well, and divide into six powders. 
As a substitute for Dover's powder, to 
which it is equal, if not superior. 

W. P. C. Barton. 



3. EUPHORBIA HYPERICI- 
FOLIA. 

Black Purslane. 

A small, procumbent, native plant, with 
leaves often marked with a purple spot. 

Linn. Sp. PI, 652. Griffith, Med. Bot. 593. 

The whole plant is used, and is said to be 
astringent and narcotic. It is inodorous, 

bni h;is a sweetish, somewhat austere taste. 
It has been recommended in diarrhoea, fluor 
albus, etc. 



Infusion of Black Purslane. 

J£. Dried black purslane, half an 

ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. 



Infuse for half an hour, and strain. Dose, 
in dysentery and diarrhoea, a tablespoonful 
every hour, till the morbid symptoms yield, 
then less frequently; in menorrhagia and 
leucorrhcea, a wineglassful, three times a 
day. Zollickoffer. 



4. EUPHORBIA LATHYRIS. 
Mole Plant. 

A tall species, native of Europe, but often 
cultivated in this country. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 655. Liudley, Flor. Med. 194. 

The seeds, which are the officinal portion, 
yield to ether, a purgative oil, which is taste- 
less, and almost inodorous. It acts on the 
bowels, in doses of from four to twelve drops, 
but is apt to cause nausea and vomiting. 



Mixture of Oil of Euphorbia. 
B. Oil of euphorbia, eight drops. 

Powdered gum Arabic, one 

drachm. 
Sugar, two ounces. 

Distilled water, three fl. ounces. 

Mix. As a purgative draught. 

Pichonnier. 



EUPHORBIUM. 

EUPHORBIUM 

Is the concrete gum-resinous exudation 
of Euphorbia resinifera, and perhaps ob- 
tained from several succulent species, prin- 
cipally natives of Africa. It is in the form 
of tears, or small, irregular masses, of a yel- 
lowish or reddish color. The taste is at 
first slight, but soon becomes acrid and burn- 
ing ; the odor is very faint. It is a violent 
emetic and purgative, and is not used inter- 
nally ; as an external application it is em- 
ployed in Europe, and also as a sternuta- 
tory. 



Sternutatory of Euphorbium. 
R. Powdered euphorbium, one 

drachm. 
" white hellebore, 

four scruples. 

Mix. Very violent in its action. 

Pierquin. 



B 



Tincture of Euphorbium. 
Euphorbium, bruised, one part. 
Alcohol, five parts. 

Digest for eight days. As a rubefacient. 

Ph. Germ. 



EUPHRASIA. FERRI RAMENTA. 



277 



Oil of Euphorbium. 

R. Euphorbium, one part. 

Olive oil, ten parts. 

Digest for ten days, and filter. As a fric- 
tion in paralysis. Van Mons. 



Plaster of Euphorbium. 

B. Burgundy pitch, sixteen parts. 
Turpentine, three parts. 

Melt together, and add 

Powdered euphorbium, four parts. 

Stir till cold. Stimulating and rubefacient. 
This is a simplified formula for the prep- 



aration formerly known as capuchin oint- 
ment. Hager. 



EUPHRASIA. 

Eyebright. 

The Euphrasia officinalis is a small, annual 
plant, a native of Europe and the northern 
parts of Asia and America. 

Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. 
Scroph ulariacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 841. Lindley, Flor. Med. 506. 

The whole plant is used. It is slightly 
hitter and aromatic, and, at one time, was 
much used in diseases of the eyes. Dr. 
Kranichfeld says it is peculiarly beneficial 
in catarrhal ophthalmia, and also in cough 
and other catarrhal affections. 



F. 



EEL BOYINUM. 
Ox Gall. — Ox Bile. 

A greenish-yellow viscous liquid, obtained 
from the gall-bladder of the ox. It has a 
peculiar odor, and a disagreeable bitter 
taste. 



Pel Bovinum Purificatum. 
R. Eresh ox bile, one pint. 

Alcohol, two pints 

Mix well, and, after twelve hours, decant 
the clear solution and evaporate it by a 
water-bath, to a pilular consistence. Dose, 
five to ten grains. Brit. Ph. 

Ph. Germ, treats the alcoholic solution 
with animal charcoal, and evaporates to 
dryness. 

Used in some forms of dyspepsia, func- 
tional diseases of the liver, etc. ; usually 
combined with other medicines. 



FERMENTUM CEREVISL^E. 
Beer Yeast. 

It is a viscid, thick, frothy liquid, exhibit- 
ing under the microscope numerous round 
or oval confervoid cells. It is stimulant and 
antiseptic, in doses of one to two tablespoon- 
fuls, but is chiefly used externally. 



B. 



Mixture of Yeast. 

Beer yeast, ten fl. ounces. 

Camphor, thirty grains. 

Spirit of nitrous 

ether, half a fl. ounce. 



Mix. Dose, a fluidounce every hour or 
two. Kecommended in typhus and typhoid 
fevers. Lamprey. 



Yeast Poultice. 

R. Beer yeast, six fl. ounces. 

Wheaten flour, fourteen ounces. 

Water at 100°, six fl. ounces. 

Mix the yeast and the water, stir in the 

flour, and place the mass near the fire till 

it rises. Brit. Ph. 

Used in fetid and gangrenous ulcers. 



FERRUM. 
Iron. 

A solid, hard, malleable, ductile metal, 
of a silvery-white color and fibrous texture, 
attracted by the magnet, of a slight styptic 
taste, and a faint but peculiar odor when 
rubbed. Oxidizable in the air, and when 
heated to whiteness, burning with great 
brilliancy. It is employed medicinally in a 
great number of forms, in the metallic state, 
as oxides and salts. All these are power- 
fully tonic and astringent. 



FERRI FILUM 
Iron Wire. 



EERRI RAMENTA. 
Iron Filings. 

These should always be perfectly pure, 
when used internally, and in a state of mi- 
nute division. 



78 



PEERI EAMEXTA 



Perri Purvis. 
Prepared Metallic Iron. 

R. Iron filings, at will. 

Pound in an iron mortar, with great force, 
sift through a fine sieve, and porphyrize 
until all metallic brilliancy has disappeared, 
and again sift. Keep in a perfectly dry 
place. Paris Codex. 

Dose, from five to twenty grains. 

The following is preferable for medicinal 
use, it being much purer. 



Reduced Iron. 

R. Place pure precipitated carbonate 
of iron on a tray of sheet-iron, 
in a tube of wrought iron ; pass 
a stream of pure hydrogen 
through it, heat to a dull red, 
and maintain this for some 
hours, as long as the escaping 
hydrogen is accompanied by 
water. Then remove from the 
fire and keep up a small current 
of gas till cool. Should any 
portion of the product be black 
instead of iron-gray, separate it 
for use in a subsequent opera- 
tion ; reduce the gray portion to 
powder. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, two to five grains every three 

hours. 



Powder of Metallic Iron. 

R. Prepared metallic iron, ten grains. 

Sugar, one drachm. 

Mix. To be given four times a day, in 

chlorosis and amenorrhcea. Brera. 



Compound Powder of Metallic Iron. 
R. Prepared metallic iron, 
Powdered guaiacum, 

each, half a drachm. 

Prepared oyster shell, half an 

ounce. 

Sugar, three drachms. 

Mix. Divide into ten powders ; one, twice 

a day, in scrofula. Gvdis. 

R. Prepared metallic iron, 

Powdered cinnamon, 

each, half a drachm. 

Sugar, three drachms. 

Mix, Mid divide into twelve powders. One 
every three hours as a tonic. Guibourt. 



R. Prepared metallic iron, one grain. 
Carbonate of magnesium, five 

grains. 

Powdered cinnamon, two grains. 

" sugar, one scruple. 

Mix. One-half in the morning, the other 

in the evening, in rachitis. Huf eland. 

R. Prepared metallic iron,) each, 

Powdered anise, v two 

• Castor, ) drachms. 

Powdered cinnamon, 

" nutmeg, each, one 

drachm. 
Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. 
One, morning and evening, in chlorosis. 

St. Marie. 



Bolus of Prepared Iron. 

R. Prepared metallic iron, 

Powdered myrrh, each, ten grains. 

Aromatic powder, two grains. 

Powder of rosemary, half a 

drachm. 

Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. 
Make a bolus. To be taken morning and 
evening, in amenorrhcea. Augustin. 



Pills of Prepared Iron. 

R. Prepared metallic iron, two 

ounces. 
Extract of wormwood, sufficient. 

Mix, and make six-grain pills. Three or 
four, morning and evening, in chlorosis, 
dyspepsia, etc. Soubeiran. 

R. Prepared metallic iron, one 

drachm. 
Powdered black hellebore, one 

scruple. 

Extract of gentian, two drachms. 

Syrup of saffron, sufficient. 

Mix, and form sixty pills. Two, three 

times a day, as an emmenagogue. 

St. Marie. 

R. Prepared metallic iron, half an 

ounce. 
Powdered Colombo, four scruples. 
" rhubarb, 

" cinnamon, 

each, two scruples. 

Extract of quassia, sufficient. 

Mix, and form pills of three grains each. 
Three to four a day, as a tonic in debility. 

John. 



FERRI ACETAS. — FEEEUM AMMONI ATUM. 279 



Lozenges of Reduced Iron. 
R. Reduced iron, seven hundred and 
twenty grains. 
Powdered sugar, twenty-five 

ounces. 

" gum acacia, one ounce. 

Mucilage of gum acacia, two fl. 

ounces. 

Mix the powders, add the mucilage, and 
with water form a mass, which divide into 
720 lozenges. Dose, one to six. Brit. Ph. 



one 



Wine of Iron. 
R. Iron wire (about No. 35), 

ounce. 
Sherry wine, twenty fl. ounces. 

Macerate for thirty days in a closed vessel, 
the iron being not quite wholly immersed, 
the vessel frequently shaken, and the stop- 
per removed; then filter. Dose, one to 
four fl. drachms. Brit. Ph. 



Aromatic Mixture of Iron. 
R. Pale cinchona, in powder, one 

ounce. 
Calumba, in coarse 

powder, half an ounce. 

Cloves, bruised, a quarter of an 

ounce. 
Fine iron wire, half an ounce. 
Compound tincture of 

cardamom, three fl. ounces. 

Tincture of orange-peel, half a 

fl. ounce. 

Peppermint water, sufficient. 

Macerate the solid substances with twelve 

fl. ounces of peppermint water for three 

days, agitating occasionally ; then filter, 

adding as much peppermint water to the 

filter, to obtain twelve fl. ounces, and mix 

with the tinctures. Dose, one to two fl. 

ounces. Brit. Ph. 



PERRI ACETAS. 
Acetate of Iron. 
R. Hydrated oxide of iron, 
Recently precipitated by ammonia and 
well washed with cold water, is digested 
with sufficient acetic acid for six hours at a 
temperature below 140°, then set aside for 
twelve hours, and the clear liquid decanted 
(not filtered) and evaporated between 140° 
and 188°. Swiss Ph. 

It has a brown-red color, is freely soluble 
in water and alcohol, and contains about 
half its weight of oxide of iron. 



Solution of Acetate of Iron. 
R. Solution of tersulphate 

of iron, ten parts. 

Distilled water, thirty parts. 

Mix, and precipitate with an excess of am- 
monia water previously diluted with twenty 
times its weight of distilled water. Wash 
the precipitate well, and express it in a 
strainer until it weighs five parts. Mix 
this in a bottle with 

Acetic acid, sp. gr. 1.040, six parts. 
Agitate occasionally in a cool place during 
two days, and filter. 

The solution should weigh ten parts, has 
a specific gravity of 1.134 to 1.138, and 
contains 8 per cent, of iron. Ph. Germ. 



Tincture of Acetate of Iron. 
R. Acetate of potassium, two ounces. 
Solution of persulphate of 

iron, two and a half fl. ounces. 
Rectified spirit, sufficient. 

Dissolve the acetate in ten fl. ounces, and 
the iron solution in eight fl. ounces of alco- 
hol. Mix and agitate repeatedly during 
an hour. Then filter and pass sufficient 
alcohol through the precipitate upon the 
filter to make the tincture measure one 
pint imperial. Dose, five to thirty minims. 

Brit. Ph. 

R. Liquid acetate of iron, one part. 
Alcohol, 56 pr. ct., seven parts. 

Digest for two days, and filter. Dose, ten 
to fifty drops. Guibourt. 



Ethereal Tincture of Acetate of Iron. 

R. Liquid acetate of iron, nine parts. 

Acetic ether, one part. 

Alcohol, two parts. 

Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty drops. 

Ph. Germ. 



Acetate of Iron and Aluminum. 

R. Sulphate of iron, two parts. 

Alum, one part. 

Boiling water, ten parts. 

Filter the solution, and gradually add solu- 
tion of acetate of lead till precipitation 
ceases ; let rest, and filter ; evaporate to 
consistence of a jelly. As a marking ink ; 
it resists alkalies, but not acids. Guibourt. 



FERRUM AMMONIATUM. 

Ammoniated Iron. 
R. Chloride of ammonium, sixteen 

parts. 



280 



FEEEI AESENIAS. FEEEI BROMIDUM 



Distilled water, thirty-two parts. 
Liquid perchloride of iron, three 

parts. 

Dissolve, mix, evaporate to dryness, and 
powder. Ph. Germ. 

Said to be useful in amenorrhoea, scrofula, 
epilepsy, etc. Dose, four to twelve grains, 
several times a day. 



Compound Powder of Ammoniated 
Iron. 

R. Ammoniated iron, five grains. 

Ammoniac, three grains. 

Powdered seneka, five grains. 

" liquorice, one drachm. 

Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, 

every three hours, in gonorrhoea. Foy. 



Bolus of Ammoniated Iron. 

R. Ammoniated iron, five grains. 

Aromatic powder, twelve grains. 

Mucilage, sufficient. 

Mix, and make bolus. One to be taken 

twice a day, in chlorosis and scrofula. 

Ainslie. 



Fills of Ammoniated Iron. 
R. Ammoniated iron, 

Galbanum, each, one drachm. 

Assafetida, two drachms. 

Castor, one scruple. 

Tincture of valerian, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and form pills of three 
grains. Two, morning and evening, in 
atonic nervous disorders. Radius. 



each, 

half a 
drachm. 



R. Ammoniated iron, 

Aromatic powder, 

Ext. of Peruvian bark, 

Alum, 

Oil of cinnamon, twelve drops. 
Beat into mass, and form pills . of two 
grains. Five to ten, morning and evening, 
in asthenic menorrhagia. Forney. 



Mixture of Ammoniated Iron. 
R. Powdered galanga, 

" rhubarb, each, half a 

drachm. 

Boiling water, sufficient 

to obtain three ounces of strained solution ; 
add 

Ammoniated iron, six grains. 

Peppermint sugar, four drachms. 
Mix. A dessertspoonful, every three hours, 
in indigestion and chronic diarrhoea of 
children. Wendt, 



FERRI ARSENIAS. 

Arseniate op Iron. 

R. Sulphate of iron, nine ounces. 
Arseniate of sodium, 

dried at 300°, four ounces. 

Acetate of sodium, three ounces. 

Dissolve the two sodium salts in two pints, 
and the iron salt in three pints of water ; 
mix the solutions, wash the precipitate well, 
squeeze out the water, and dry it at 100 J . 

Brit. Ph. 
A greenish, tasteless powder, soluble in 
the stronger acids. Dose, one-sixteenth to 
half a grain. 



Pills of Arseniate of Iron. 
R. Arseniate of iron, three grains. 
Extract of hops, two drachms. 
Powdered marshmallow, thirty 

grains. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and make into forty-eight pills. Dose, 

one or two daily, in scrofulous, herpetic, 

and cancerous affections. Biett. 



Ointment of Arseniate of Iron. 

R. Arseniate of iron, half a drachm. 

Phosphate of iron, two drachms. 

Spermaceti cerate, six drachms. 
Triturate together. As an application to 
cancerous ulcers. To be used with great 
caution. Carmichael. 



FERRI BROMIDUM. 

Bromide of Iron. 

R. Bromine, one part. 

Distilled water, twenty parts. 

Iron filings, sufficient. 

Digest together ; when the solution becomes 
greenish, filter, and evaporate to dryness. 

Magendie. 
Dose, one to three grains in pills. 



Syrup of Bromide of Iron. 
R. Bromine, nine drachms. 

Iron (card teeth), four drachms 
and a half. 
Sugar, ten troyounccs. 

Water, sufficient. 

Mix the iron and bromine with five fluid- 
ounces of water, digest ; when the color has 
changed to green, filter into a bottle con- 
taining the sugar, and wash the filter with 
water to make with the sugar one pint of 
syrup. Dose, ten to twenty minims. 

W. S. Thompson. 



FEKEI CAEBOKAS 



281 



Pills of Bromide of Iron. 

R. Bromide of iron, twelve grains. 

Conserve of roses, eighteen grains. 

Gum Arabic, twelve grains. 

Mix, and form twenty pills. Two, in the 
morning and evening, as a tonic aud altera- 
tive. Maqendie. 



R. Bromide of iron, one drachm. 

Extract of liquorice, sufficient. 
Mix, and make sixty pills. One or two, in 
the morning and evening, in scrofula, etc. 

Radius. 



Ointment of Bromide of Iron. 



R. Bromide of iron, 
Bromine, 
Lard, 



one drachm, 
twelve grains, 
one ounce. 
Mix. In frictions on the inside of the 
thighs, in amenorrhea a. Cadet. 

R. Bromide of iron, one part. 

Glycerin, one part. 

Lard, fourteen parts. 

Mix thoroughly. As an application to 
scrofulous swellings. Draper. 



FERRI CARBONAS. 

Carbonate of Iron. 

From the avidity with which protocar- 
bonate of iron absorbs oxygen from the air 
and loses its carbonic acid, it is a very un- 
stable preparation ; and therefore what is 
usually prescribed under this name is merely 
a subcarbonate, or sesquioxide. By com- 
bination with saccharine matter, it, how- 
ever, is protected from the oxidizing pro- 
cess, to a very great extent. 



Saccharated Carbonate of Iron. 
R. Sulphate of iron, five parts. 

Bicarbonate of sodium, four 

parts. 

Powdered sugar, eight parts. 

Water, sufficient. 

Dissolve the iron salt in twenty, and the 
sodium salt in fifty parts of water, add the 
former solution slowly to the latter con- 
tained in a bottle, wash the precipitate by 
decantation, squeeze out the water, mix 
with the sugar, and dry it in a porcelain 
capsule upon a water-bath. ■ Ph. Germ. 
Brit. Ph. precipiates two ounces of sul- 
phate of iron, with one and a quarter ounce 
of carbonate of ammonium, and mixes the 
precipitate with one ounce of sugar. It 
contains over forty per cent, carbonate of 
iron, and is twice the strength of the former. 
Dose, from five to twenty grains. 



Effervescent Ferruginous Powder. 
R. Bicarbonate of sodium, sixty 

parts. 
Sulphate of iron, three parts. 

Tartaric acid, ' eighty parts. 

Sugar, two hundred and sixty 

parts. 

Mix together, the tartaric acid being in 

rather coarse powder. Paris Codex. 

Twenty grammes yield with one litre of 

water a suitable effervescing solution. 



Pills of Carbonate of Iron. 
(Vallet's Mass.) 

R. Sulphate of iron, eight troyounces. 
Carbonate of sodium, nine 

troyounces. 
Clarified honey, three troyounces. 
Sugar, two troyounces. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Boiling water, two pints. 

Dissolve the sulphate and carbonate, each 
in a pint of water, adding to each solution 
one fl. ounce of syrup ; mix the two solutions 
in a bottle just large enough to hold the 
mixture, close accurately with a stopper, 
and set by to let the carbonate of iron sub- 
side ; decant, wash precipitate with water 
sweetened with syrup, in the proportion of 
a fl. ounce to the pint, until the washings 
cease to be saline ; express, in flannel, as 
much of the water as possible, and mix 
with the honey. Heat over a water-bath, 
to proper consistence. This is known as 
Vallet's carbonate of iron. Dose, from ten 
to thirty grains, in the course of the day, 
where iron is indicated. U. S. Ph. 

R. Saccharated carbonate 

of iron, one ounce. 

Confection of roses, a quarter 

ounce. 
Beat together. Brit. Ph. 



Subcarbonate of Iron. 

R. Sulphate of iron, eight 

toxtyounces. 
Carbonate of sodium, nine 

troyounces. 
Boiling water, eight pints. 

Dissolve the sulphate and carbonate, each 
in four pints of the water, mix the solu- 
tions, stir, set by for powder to subside, 
decant, wash the precipitate with hot 
water, wrap in bibulous paper, and dry 
with gentle heat. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, five to thirty grains, or even more, 
several times a day. 



282 



FERRI CARBONAS. 



Powder of Subcarbonate of Iron. 
R. Subcarbonate of iron, one drachm. 
Divide into six powders. One every six 
hours, in syrup. In chorea, neuralgia, etc. 

Ellis. 



Mixture of Subcarbonate of Iron. 

R. Powdered myrrh, one drachm. 
Sulphate of iron, one scruple. 

Carbonate of potassium, one 

drachm. 
Sugar, two drachms. 

Water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, according- to 
circumstances. Ellis. 



one drachm. 



Compound Iron Mixture. 

R. Myrrh, 
Sugar, each, 
Carbonate of 

potassium, twenty-five grains. 
Rose-water, 

seven fl. ounces and a half. 
Powdered sulphate of iron, 

one scruple. 
Spirit of lavender, half a fl. ounce. 

Rub the myrrh, sugar, and carbonate with 
the rose-water, gradually added, then with 
the spirit of lavender, and lastly, with the 
iron ; pour immediately into a well-stopped 
bottle, and keep closed. U. S. Ph. 

These are well known under the name of 
Griffith's anti-hectic mixture. A modified 
formula by Bond directs to flavor with oils 
of partridgeberry and of nutmeg instead 
of rose-water and lavender. Brit. Ph. di- 
rects rose-water and spirit of nutmeg as 
flavors. Dose, one or two fl. ounces, two 
or three times a day, in chlorosis, debility 
of the gastric organs, etc. 



Artificial Chalybeate "Water. 

R. Water, fifty pints. 

Carbonate of calcium, 

five drachms. 
" magnesium, 

ten drachms. 
Black oxide of iron, two drachms. 
Sulphate of magnesium, 

six drachms. 



Common salt. 



one drachm. 



Mix, and condense a thousand cubic inches 

of carbonic acid in the solution. 

Swediaur. 



Lozenges of Subcarbonate of Iron. 

R. Subcarbonate of iron, 

five troyounces. 
Vanilla, thirty grains. 

Powdered sugar, 

fifteen troyounces. 
Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 

Kub the vanilla with a part of the sugar 
into a uniform powder, mix with the other 
powders, and with the mucilage form a 
mass to be divided into four hundred and 
eighty troches. U. S. Ph. 



Compound Pills of Subcarbonate of 
Iron. 

R. Powdered foxglove, half a drachm. 
" yew leaves, 

Carbonate of iron, 

each, one drachm. 

Ergot, two drachms. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and make two hundred and fifty pills. 
Two to eight a day, with an infusion of 
savine, in chlorosis and amenorrhcea. 

Neumann. 

R. Powdered myrrh, thirty-six grains. 
Carbonate of sodium, 
Sulphate of iron, 

each, eighteen grains. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Rub the myrrh with the carbonate of so- 
dium, then with the sulphate of iron, and 
beat with syrup into a mass, and divide 
into twenty-four pills. U. S. Ph. 

Officinal in some pharmacopoeias as 
Griffith's pills. Dose, two to six pills, 
three times a day. 

R. Sulphate of iron, 

Carbonate of potassium, 

each, two drachms. 

Powdered tragacanth, 

thirty grains. 
Syrup, five drops. 

Rub the salts together, add the tragacanth 
and syrup, and form sixty pills. These are 
known as Maud's pills. Dose, one or two, 
gradually increased. 

R. Sulphate of iron, 

Myrrh, each, two scruples. 

Carbonate of potassium, 

Soap, each, half a drachm. 

Beat together, and form forty pills. Dose, 
two, three times a day, as an emmenagogue. 

Ellis. 



FEEKI CAEBUEETUM. — PEEEI CHLOETDUM. 283 



R. Subcarbonate of iron, 
Extract of coniuru, 

each, one drachm. 

Mix, and divide into twenty-four pills. 
Two to be taken twice a day. Given in 
fluor albus and scrofula. A. T. Thomson. 



Iron "Wine. 
R. Carbonate of iron, 

one ounce and a half. 
Contused orange-peel, 
" gentian, 



each, 
Port wine, 



half an ounce, 
two pints. 



Mix, and digest at a moderate heat for 
three days, repeatedly agitating. 

Chapman. 



R 



Iron Plaster. 

Subcarbonate of 

iron, three troy ounces. 

Lead plaster, 

twenty-four troyounces. 
Burgundy pitch, six troyounces. 
Add the subcarbonate to the other ingre- 
dients previously melted together, and stir 
till cold. U. S. Ph. 

As a strengthening plaster, in pains, and 
want of power in the muscles. 



FERRI CARBURETUM. 

Carburet op Iron. 

This article, well known as Plumbago, or 
Black Lead, had been highly recommended 
in cutaneous affections, and was recognized 
as officinal by many of the pharmacopoeias 
of continental Europe, but has fallen into 
disuse. 



Prepared Carburet of Iron. 
R. Pulverized carburet 

of iron, one pound. 

Boil in water for an hour, decant, and di- 
gest in eight ounces of water, mixed with 
two ounces of nitric and muriatic acids ; 
digest for twenty-four hours, decant, and 
wash well with water, and dry. Dose, from 
five to fifteen grains, two or three times a 
day. Pruss. Ph. 1829. 



Pills of Carburet of Iron. 
R. Powdered carburet of iron, 
Extract of bittersweet, 

each, one drachm. 

Calomel, twelve grains. 



Golden sulphuret of 
antimony, 

Extract of liquorice, 
Mix, and form sixty pills. Dose, five, 
three times a day. Niemann. 



six grains, 
sufficient. 



Mixture of Carburet of Iron. 
R. Powdered carburet of iron, 

Sulphur, each, one drachm. 

Triturate together, and add 

Barley water, one pint. 

To be taken in four doses. In psora, etc. 

Brera. 



Ointment of Carburet of Iron. 

R. Powdered carburet of 

iron, half an ounce. 

Flowers of zinc, ' one drachm. 



Lard, 

Triturate together, 
herpetic affections. 



one ounce. 

As an application in 
Brera. 



FERRI CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride of Iron. 

R. Iron wire, two troyounces. 

Muriatic acid, eight troyounces. 

Digest in a flask until effervescence has 
ceased, filter, add four troyounces of muri- 
atic acid, heat to near the boiling point, and 
add a troyounce or sufficient nitric acid until 
red fumes are no longer evolved and a drop 
of the liquid ceases to yield a blue precipi- 
tate with ferridcyanide of potassium. Evap- 
orate by a gentle heat until reduced to eight 
and three-quarter troyounces ; set aside 
until a solid crystalline mass is formed, and 
keep this in a glass-stopped bottle. 

U. S. Ph. 



Chloride of Iron and Acetate of Lead. 
R. Liquid chloride of iron, 

four ounces. 
Evaporate to one-half, and add 

Acetate of lead, four ounces. 

Dry, and pulverize. Four to twelve grains 
in hemorrhages. Cadet de Gassicourt. 



Solution of Chloride of Iron. 
R. Iron wire, three troyounces. 

Muriatic acid, eleven troyounces. 
Saturate the acid with the iron in a glass 
flask, heat to boiling, filter the liquid, rinse 
the flask with a little boiling distilled water 
and pour it upon the filter. To the filtrate, 
put into a four-pint capsule, add six and a 



284 



FEERI CHLOEIDUM, 



half troyounces of muriatic acid, heat nearly 
to the boiling point, add a troyounce and a 
half of nitric acid or sufficient until it ceases 
to evolve red fumes. When cool add to 
the liquid enough water to make it measure 
a pint. U. 8. Ph. 

Its specific gravity is 1.355. Employed 
as a hemostatic, but chiefly for making the 
tincture. The corresponding preparation 
of Ph. Germ, has a specific gravity of 1.48, 
and contains 43.5 per cent, of anhydrous 
sesquichloride of iron. Paris Codex oxi- 
dizes the solution of protochloride of iron 
with gaseous chlorine ; the finished prepa- 
ration has the specific gravity 1.26. Brit. 
Ph. operates with nitric acid ; its stronger 
solution of 'per chloride of iron has the 
specific gravity 1.338 ; by diluting this 
with three measures of distilled water, the 
solution of per chloride of iron is obtained. 
The preparations of the last three pharma- 
copoeias contain no excess of muriatic acid. 



Tincture of Chloride of Iron. 
R. Solution of chloride of 

iron, half a pint. 

Alcohol, a pint and a half. 

Mix. Dose, ten to thirty drops, gradually 
increased, two or three times a day. 

U.S. Ph. 

The tincture of perchloride of iron, 

Brit. Ph., is made in the same proportions 

as the preceding, from the stronger solution 

of the perchloride. 



Syrup of Chloride of Iron. 
R. Liquid chloride of iron, one part. 
Syrup, sixty-seven parts. 

Mix. Dose, one to four drachms. 

Paris Codex. 



Chloride of Iron Mixture. 
R. Saffron, half a drachm. 

Water, four fl. ounces. 

Infuse for an hour, strain, and add 

Chloride of iron, half a drachm. 
Syrup of valerian, two ounces. 
Mix. Dose, a tablespoon ful several times 
a day, in hemorrhage or chlorosis. 

Cadet de Gassicourt. 

R. Mallow root, two drachms. 

Water, sufficient 

to obtain two ounces of decoction ; strain, 
and add 

(linn Arabic, two drachms. 

Chloride of iron, half a SCFUple. 

Syrup of mallow, six drachms. 



Mix. Two teaspoonfuls, every hour or two, 
in softening of the stomach. Radius. 

R. Tincture of chloride of iron, 

Compound tincture 

of aloes, each, half a fl. ounce. 

Tincture of castor, two fl. drachms. 
Mix. Ten to thirty drops, three times a 
day, in infusion of chamomile, as an em- 
menagogue. Ellis. 



Ethereal, or BestuchefFs Tincture of 
Chloride of Iron. 

R. Solution of sesqui- 
chloride of iron, one part. 
Spirit of ether, fourteen parts. 

Mix, expose to the sunlight until the liquid 
becomes colorless, and afterwards in a shady 
place to the air until it has again assumed 
a yellowish color. Ph. Germ, 

Much used in Europe. Dose, ten to 
thirty drops. 



Protochloride of Iron. 

R. Muriatic acid, five hundred 

and twenty parts. 

Iron filings, one hundred 

and ten parts. 

Digest until the acid is saturated, filter,, and 
evaporate rapidly until a pellicle forms ; add 
one part of muriatic acid, agitate well, so 
that a crystalline powder is obtained on 
cooling. Ph. Germ. 



Liquid Protochloride of Iron. 

R. Muriatic acid, five hundred 

and twenty parts. 
It is saturated with iron as before, to the 
filtrate is added one part of muriatic acid 
and sufficient distilled water to make the 
whole weight one thousand parts. 

Ph. Germ. 
Contains ten per cent, of iron ; used for 
ferruginous baths ; must be kept in small 
well-stopped bottles. 



Tincture of Protochloride of Iron. 

R. Protochloride of iron, recently 

prepared, twenty-five parts. 
Alcohol, sp. gr. .892, two hundred 
and twenty-five parts. 
Muriatic acid, one part. 

Dissolve, mix, and keep in small well- 
stopped bottles. Dose, ten to thirty drops. 

Ph. Germ. 



FERRI CITRAS. — FEREI ET AMMOXII CITEAS. 285 



FE RRI CITRAS. 

Citrate of Iron. 

R. Solution of citrate of iron, at will. 

Evaporate at 140° to the consistence of a 
syrup, spread on plates of glass and dry. 

U. S. Ph. 
Garnet-red scales, less freely soluble than 
the citrate of iron and ammonium. Dose, 
five to eight grains. 



Solution of Citrate of Iron. 
R. Citric acid, in coarse powder, 

five troyouuces and six drachms. 
Solution of tersulphate 

of iron, a pint. 

Water of ammonia, twenty fl. 

ounces. 
Distilled water, sufficient. 

Dilute the iron solution and ammonia water 
each with two pints of water, mix, collect 
the precipitate on a strainer and wash with 
water; drain, put one-half into a porcelain 
capsule, on a water-bath of 140°, add the 
citiic acid, and stir until nearly dissolved. 
Then add enough of the remaining precipi- 
tate to saturate the acid, filter, and evapo- 
rate below 140° to one pint. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, ten to twenty minims. 



Tincture of Citrate of Iron. 
R. Liquid citrate of iron, two ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, thirteen fi. ounces. 

Spirit of citron, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. Dose, ten to fifty drops. Beral. 



Syrup of Citrate of Iron. 
R. Citrate of iron, one ounce. 

Syrup, five fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Dose, thirty drops to a teaspoon- 
ful. E. Parrish. 

R. Ammonio-citrate of iron, 

Cinnamon water, each, one part. 

Simple syrup, thirty-eight parts. 

Dissolve the citrate in the water and add 

to the syrup. Paris Codex. 

Dose, one to four fl. drachms. 



Wine of Citrate of Iron. 
R. Liquid citrate of 

iron, eight scruples. 

Rhenish wine, sixteen ounces. 
Digest for two or three days, and filter. 

Btral. 



Aromatic Wine of Citrate of Iron. 

R. Iron filings, one ounce. 

Lemon juice, three fl. ounces. 

Contused gentian, halfanounee. 

cinnamon, two drachms. 

Rhenish wine, sixteen ounces. 

Digest for twenty-four hours, and decant. 

The dose is a drachm to half a fl. ounce, two 

or three times a day. Hamburg Codex. 

R. Iron filings, four ounces. 

Bitter oranges, four. 

Beat them together, and at the end of two 
days, add to the mixture 

Madeira wine, ten fl. ounces. 

Spirit of orange- 
peel, two fl. ounces. 
Digest, and then express and filter. Dose, 
half a drachm to two drachms. Batav. Ph. 
Said to be one of the best compounds of 
iron. 



FERRI ET AMMOXII CITRAS. 

Ammonio-Citrate of Iron. 
R. Solution of citrate of iron, a pint. 
Water of ammonia, six fl. ounces. 

Mix, evaporate at 140° to consistence of 
syrup, and spread on glass to dry. U. S. Ph. 
It resembles the citrate of iron in appear- 
ance and properties, but is more soluble. 
Dose, five to ten grains. 



Wine of Citrate of Iron. 
R. Citrate of iron and ammonium, 

one hundred and sixty grains. 

Orange wine, one pint (imper.). 

Dissolve and filter. Dose, one to four fl. 

drachms. Brit. Ph. 



Sweet Wine of Iron. 
R. Bitter orange-peel, four drachms. 
Calisaya bark, one troyounce. 
Ammonio-citrate of 

iron, two troyounces. 

Citric acid, four drachms. 

Sherry wine, four pints. 

Deodorized alcohol, 
Syrup of orange-peel. I each, 
Saturated tincture of j one pint. 

sweet orange-peel, J 
Water, two pints. 

Macerate for a week and filter. Dose, a 
teaspoonful. Maryland Coll. Ph. 



Wine of Beef and Iron. 

R. Ammonio-citrate of iron, 

two hundred and fifty-six grains. 

Liebig's extract of beef, three 

hundred and eighty-four grains. 



286 



FEKRI ET POTASSII TARTRA8. 



Tincture of fresh 

orange-peel, one fl. ounce. 

Syrup, three fl. ounees. 

Sherry wine, twelve fl. ounces. 

Dissolve and mix. Maryland Coll. Ph. 

Nutritive wine is the above, omitting the 

iron. Newark Ph. Assoc. 



FERRI ET AMMONII 
SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Iron and Ammonium. 
Ammonio-Ferric Alum. 

R. Solution of tersulphate 

of iron, two pints. 

Sulphate of ammonium, four 

troy ounces and a half. 

Heat the iron solution to boiling, dissolve 
in it the sulphate, and crystallize. Wash 
the crystals rapidly with very cold water, 
and dry. U. S. Ph. 

R. Solution of sesquisulphate 

of iron, three hundred parts. 
Sulphate of ammo- 
nium, twenty-eight parts. 
Distilled water, one hundred parts. 

Mix, dissolve by aid of heat, and evaporate 

to crystallize. Ph. Germ. 

Dose, three to six grains, in leucorrhcea. 



FERRI ET AMMONII 
T ARTRAS. 

Tartrate of Iron and Ammonium. 

R. Tartaric acid, twelve troyounces. 
Solution of tersulphate of 

iron, two pints and a half. 

Carbonate of ammonium, 
Distilled water, each, sufficient. 

Dissolve six troyounces of the tartaric 
acid in two pints of water and neutralize 
with the ammonium carbonate j then add 
the remainder of the acid previously dis- 
solved in half a pint of water. Prepare from 
the iron solution the hydrated oxide, and 
add it gradually to the solution of bitartrate 
uf ammonium until this is saturated. Fil- 
ter, evaporate below 140 ' to a syrupy con- 
sistence, and spread upon glass to dry. 

U.S. Ph. 
Garnet-red scales, slowly soluble in cold 
w.iter. Dose, live to ten grains. 



Solution of Ammonio-Tartrate of 
Iron. 

. Ammonio-tartrate of 

iron, half a drachm. 

Distilled water, seven fl. drachms. 
Rectified spirit, one fl. drachm. 

Aikin. 



FERRI ET MAGNESII CITRAS. 

Citrate of Iron and Magnesium. 

R. Hydrated oxide of iron, two parts. 
Citric acid (in solution), three 

parts. 

Mix, dissolve, saturate the liquor with 
carbonate of magnesium, and evaporate to 
dryness. 

This salt is soluble. The dose is from two 
to five grains. Van der Corput. 



Syrup of Citrate of Iron and Magne- 
sium. 

B. Citrate of iron and mag- 
nesium, eight parts. 
Orange-flower water, fifteen parts. 
Simple syrup, one hundred and 
eighty parts. 
Mix. Van der Corput. 



a pint. 



EERRI ET POTASSII 
T ARTRAS. 

Tartrate of Iron and Potassium. 

R. Solution of tersulphate 
of iron, 

Bitartrate of potas- 
sium, seven tro3^ounces. 

Distilled water, four pints. 

From the iron solution, prepare the hy- 
drated oxide, and add it gradually to the 
cream of tartar and water, previously heated 
to 140°, until it ceases to he dissolved. Then 
filter and evaporate helow 140° to the con- 
sistence of syrup, and spread on glass to 
dry. U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. directs as ahove, and orders the 
glass plates to he kept at 120°. 

Dose, from ten grains to half a drachm, in 
solution, or with an aromatic or bitter, in 
bolus. 



Powder of Tartrate of Iron and 
Colombo. 

H. Tartrate of iron and 

potassium, two scruples. 

Powdered Colombo, half a drachm. 



PEEEI ET QUININE CITRAS. 



287 



Mix, and divide into four powders. One, 
every three or four hours, in syrup. As a 
tonic. Ellis. 



Effervescent Powder of Tartrate of 
Iron. 

R. Carbonate of magnesium, two 

drachms. 
Carbonate of potassium, half an 

ounce. 
Tartrate of iron, two scruples. 
Teaspoonful in water in divided doses, 
during the day ; to be taken whilst effer- 
vescing. Radius. 



Solution of Tartrate of Iron and 
Potassium. 

R. Tartrate of iron and 

potassium, one ounce. 

Cinnamon water, one pint. 

Dissolve; as a lotion or fomentation for 
bruises. Internally, in leucorrhcea, chlo- 
rosis, etc. Swediaur. 



Compound "Wine of Tartrate of Iron. 
R. Subcarbonate of iron, one ounce 

and a half. 
Powdered gentian, 
" orange-peel, 

each, half an ounce. 

Red wine, two pints. 

Macerate for three days, and give a wine- 
glassful two or three times a day. In dys- 
pepsia, etc. Ellis. 

R. Subcarbonate of iron, two ounces. 

Powdered cinnamon, one ounce. 

Rhenish wine, two pints. 

Macerate for some days, and filter. 

Van Mons. 



"Wine of Tartrate of Iron. 

R. Subcarbonate of iron, one part. 

Rhenish wine, twenty-four parts. 

Macerate for some days, and filter. Dose, 

one or two ounces. Soubeiran. 



Syrup of Tartrate of Iron. 

R. Tartrate of iron and 
potassium, 

Cinnamon water, each, one part. 

Simple syrup, thirty-eight parts. 
Dissolve the tartrate in the water, and mix 
with the syrup. Dose, one to two fl. 
drachms. Paris Codex. 



Compound Tincture of Tartrate of 
Iron. 

R. Tartrate of iron wine, 



Tincture of calamus, 



each, 
! four 
Hoffmann's balsamic [ flui- 
elixir, J drachms. 

Mix. Dose, seventy drops, morning and 
evening, in wine. Said to be an excellent 
remedy in ascarides. Dorfmueller. 



EERRI ET QUINIA CITRAS. 

Citrate of Iron and Quinia. 

R. Solution of citrate of 

iron, ten fl. ounces. 

Sulphate of quinia, a troyounce. 

Dissolve the quinia in six fl. ounces of 
distilled water, with the aid of diluted sul- 
phuric acid, and cautiously add ammonia 
water with constant stirring until in slight 
excess. Wash the precipitate on a filter 
and dissolve it in the iron solution, main- 
taining it at 120°. Then evaporate at 140° 
to the consistence of syrup, spread on glass, 
and dry. U. S. Ph. 

Reddish-brown or yellowish-brown scales, 
which are slowly soluble in w r ater. 

Brit. Ph. directs to prepare hydrated oxide 
of iron from four and a half fl. ounces of so- 
lution of persulphate of iron (made from, 
three ounces of sulphate of iron), and the 
quinia from one ounce of sulphate of quinia. 
Three ounces of citric acid are dissolved iu 
five ounces of water, and in this solution the 
hydrated oxide of iron is dissolved, after- 
wards the quinia. After the solution has 
cooled, twelve fluidrachras of ammonia 
water are added in small quantities, with 
the precaution to dissolve the quinia, which 
separates, by stirring, before the next addi- 
tion of ammonia is made. The solution is 
then filtered, evaporated, and dried as 
above. 

Greenish golden-yellow scales, somewhat 
deliquescent and. entirely soluble in cold 
water. Fifty grains yield with ammonia a 
white precipitate weighing, after drying, 
eight grains. 

Dose, five to ten grains. The preparation 
of Brit. Ph. may be given in solution ; that 
of U. S. Ph. is best exhibited in the form of 
powder and pills. 



Wine of Citrate of Iron and Quinia. 
(Bitter Wine of Iron.) 

R. Citrate of iron and quinia, 

two hundred and fifty-six grs. 
Sugar, four troyounces. 

Distilled water, one fl; ounce. 

Sherry wine, eleven fl. ounces. 
Tincture of fresh orange- 
peel, two fl. ounces. 



288 



FEHRI &ALLAS 



Dissolve, mix, and filter. Dose, one to four 
fluidrachms. Maryland Coll. Ph. 



FERRI ET STRYCHNIA 
C I T R A S. 

Citrate of Iron and Strychnia. 

R. Citrate of iron and ammonium, 

five hundred grains. 
Strychnia, 

Citric acid, each, five grains. 

Distilled water, nine fl. drachms. 

Dissolve the iron salt in a fluidounce, and 
the strychnia and citric acid in a fluidrachm 
of water. Mix the solutions, evapoi-ate at 
140° to the consistence of syrup, and spread 
on glass to dry. U. S. Ph. 

Garnet-red scales, soluble in cold water. 
Dose, two to six grains 



FERRI FERROCYANIDUM. 

Pure Prussian Blue. 

R. Ferrocyanide of potas- 
sium, nine troyounces. 

Solution of tersulphate 

of iron, a pint. 

Water, three pints. 

Dissolve the ferrocyanide in two pints of 
the water, and add the solution by degrees 
to the solution of tersulphate, previously 
diluted with a pint of water, stirring each 
time. Filter, wash the precipitate with 
boiling water, until the washings are taste- 
less. Dry, and powder. U. 8. Ph. 
Tonic, febrifuge, and alterative. Dose, 
three to five grains, several times a day, 
gradually increased till some effect is pro- 
duced. 



Powder of Prussian Blue. 

R. Prussian blue, twelve grains. 

Sugar, one drachm. 

Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, 

every two hours. In epilepsy. Radius. 



Compound Powder of Prussian Blue. 
R. Prussian blue, twelve grains. 

White pepper, 

Mustard, each, half an ounce. 

Mix. and divide into twelve powders. One, 
every quarter of an hour, in the apyroxia 
of intermittentB. ^ ( >u- 

R. Prussian blue, 
Powdered guaiacum, 

each, half to one drachm. 



Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One 
three times a day, in intermittents. Ellis. 



Pills of Prussian Blue. 
R. Prussian blue, 

eighteen to thirty-six grains. 
Ammoniac, ~\ each, 

Extract of dandelion, V- one 



Rhubarb, 



drachm. 



Mix, and make fifty-four pills. Four to 
six, twice a day. In diseases of the gan- 
glionic system. Radius. 



Mixture of Prussian Blue. 
R. Prussian blue, one ounce. 

Parsley water, six ounces. 

Cherry-laurel water, two drachms. 
Mix. A teaspoonful three times a day. In 
stone and gravel. Radius. 



Ointment of Prussian Blue, 
R. Cod-liver oil, one ounce. 

Prussian blue, twenty-four grains. 

Cyanide of mercury, eight grains. 

Oil of cherry-laurel, four drops. 
Mix. As an application in strumous oph- 
thalmia. Canon de Villards. 



Blue Ink. 
R. Pure Prussian blue, six parts. 
Oxalic acid, one part. 

Triturate with a little water, to a perfectly 
smooth paste ; then dilute with water to a 
proper consistence. A little gum may be 
added to prevent the fluid from spreading. 

Mohr. 



FERRI GALLAS. 

Gallate of Iron. 

This is not used in medicine, but, with the 
tannate of iron, it forms the basis of writing 
ink. 



Writing Ink. 

R. Aleppo galls, bruised, 

twelve pounds. 
Water, six gallons. 

Boil in a copper vessel for an hour, adding 
water, to supply loss by evaporation, and 
strain ; boil residue with four gallons of 
water, for half an hour, and again boil 
with two gallons of water; mix decoctions, 
and add 



FERRI IODIDUM, 



289 



Sulphate of iron, four pounds. 
Contused gum 

Arabic, three pounds and a half. 
Agitate, permit to settle, strain through 
fine hair sieve, and keep in close vessels. 

Lewis. 

R. Powdered galls, eight pounds. 

Rasped logwood, four pounds. 

Gum Arabic, three pounds. 

Sulphate of iron, four pounds. 
" copper, 

Sugar candy, each, one pound. 

Ammoniac, two ounces. 

Water, sixteen pints. 

Alcohol, half a pint. 

Macerate for forty-eight hours, with a gentle 
heat, let rest for ten days, and decant into 
bottles. Not suitable for steel pens. 

Hunt. 

R. Powdered galls, fifty parts. 

Water, eight hundred parts. 

Digest for twenty-four hours, strain, and 
add 

Sulphate of iron, 

Gum Arabic, each, twenty-five 

parts. 
When clear, add a solution of 

Chloride of ammonium, 

eight parts. 

Gum Arabic, two parts. 

Boiling water, sixteen parts. 

Oil of lavender, one part. 

Said to be indelible. Guibourt. 

R. Bruised galls, forty ounces. 

Gum Arabic, ten ounces. 

Sulphate of iron, nine ounces. 

Soft water, forty-five fl. ounces. 
Macerate for three weeks, often stirring. A 
very permanent ink. English Exchequer. 



FEERI IODIDUM. 
Iodide of Iron. 
R. Iodine, three ounces. 

Iron filings, one ounce and a half. 
Distilled water, fifteen fl. ounces. 

Mix the iodine, iron, and twelve ounces 
of the water in a flask ; heat gently for ten 
minutes, then boil until froth becomes white; 
filter rapidly through wetted calico into a 
polished iron dish, wash filter with remain- 
der of the water, boil down until it will 
solidify on cooling, pour on a porcelain slab, 
and when solid break into fragments and 
keep in a well-stoppered bottle. Brit. Ph. 
19 



Tonic, alterative, diuretic, and emmena- 
gogue. Dose, three grains, gradually in- 
creased to eight, or more. 

The solution is partly decomposed on 
evaporation, and the dry salt on keeping. 
The following formula for preparing extem- 
poraneously a solution of this salt of definite 
strength, is given by Ph. Germ. 

R. Powdered iron, three parts. 

Distilled water, eighteen parts. 
Iodine, eight parts. 

Digest in a flask until the solution becomes 
light green, filter, and wash the filter with 
water. Eight parts of iodine correspond to 
ten parts iodide of iron. 

When prescribed in mixtures, a solution 
of the salt is prepared by this formula ; for 
pills, the freshly prepared solution is evap- 
orated as far as necessary. 



Saccharated Iodide of Iron. 

R. Powdered iron, three parts. 

Distilled water, ten parts. 

Iodine, eight parts. 

Mix, digest until the color is light green, 
and filter into a capsule containing 

Powdered milk sugar, 

forty parts. 

Evaporate with constant stirring rapidly 
to dryness, and powder. 

Greenish-white powder, containing 20 
per cent, of iodide of iron. Ph. Germ. 

This keeps better than without the addi- 
tion of milk sugar. Dose, ten to thirty 
grains. 



Lozenges of Iodide of Iron. 

R. Iodide of iron, thirty grains. 

Saffron, half a drachm. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, 

Water of cinnamon, 

each, sufficient. 

Mix, and make two hundred and forty 
lozenges. Fifteen to twenty a day, gradu- 
ally augmenting, in amenorrhoea and leu- 
corrhoea. Pierquin. 



Pill of Iodide of Iron. 

R. Fine iron wire, forty grains. 

Iodine, eighty grains. 

Sugar, in powder, seventy grains. 
Liquorice root, 

in powder, one hundred and 

forty grains. 

Distilled water, fifty minims. 

Agitate the iron, iodine, and water in a 
strong vial until froth is white ; pour the 



290 



FERRI IODIDUM. 



liquid upon the sugar in a mortar, triturate 
briskly, and incorporate the liquorice root. 

Brit. Ph. 
Dose, three to eight grains. 



Pills of Iodide of Iron. 

R. Iodine, three hundred grains. 

Fine iron wire, one hundred and 
twenty grains. 
Sugar, in powder, No. 60, 
Liquorice root, in powder, 

No. 60, each, one hundred and 
ninety-two grains. 
Liquorice, in powder, No. 60, 
Gum Arabic, in powder, No. 60, 

each, forty-eight grains. 

Reduced iron, ninety-six grains. 
Water, a fluidounce and a half. 

Mix the iodine, iron, and ten fl. drachms of 
water in a flask, and agitate until solution 
is light pea-green, filter into a capsule con- 
taining the reduced iron, and wash the filter 
with the remaining water. Evaporate solu- 
tion until pellicle forms, add the remaining 
powders previously mixed, evaporate again 
to a pilular consistence, and divide into three 
hundred and eighty-four pills. Dissolve 
sixty grains of tolu in a fluidrachm of ether, 
shake the pills with the solution until they 
are uniformly coated, dry them, and keep 
them in a well-stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one to three or more. 

Blancard's pills of Paris Codex are 
prepared in a similar manner, but contain 
one-fifth less of iodide of iron. 

R. Iodide of iron, one drachm. 

Bromide of sodium, half a drachm. 

Extract of liquorice, sufficient. 
Mix, and form pills of two grains. One to 
three, morning and evening, in scrofula, 
etc. Wernick. 



Solution of Iodide of Iron. 

R. Iodide of iron, one drachm. 

Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. Six to ten drops three times a day, 

in some cold water.. Ellis. 

R. Iodide of iron, twenty-four grains. 

Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. A teaspoonful is a dose; this 

contains three grains. Ellis. 



Syrup of Iodide of Iron. 



R. Iodine, 

Iron wire, cut, 

Distilled water, 
Syrup, 



two troyounces. 

three hundred 

grains. 

three fl. ounces. 

sufficient. 



Mix iodine, iron, and water in a flask, and 
shake occasionally until solution is green. 
Introduce a pint of syrup into a graduated 
bottle, heat it by a water-bath to 212°, and 
through a small funnel filter the solution 
into the syrup. Then shake thoroughly ; 
when cool add sufficient syrup to make the 
whole measure twenty fluidounces, mix well, 
and keep the syrup in small vials, well 
stopped. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, ten to twenty minims. 



R. Fine iron wire, 
Iodine, 
Refined sugar, 



one ounce, 
two ounces, 
twenty-eight 
ounces. 
Distilled water, thirteen fl. ounces. 

Prepare a syrup by dissolving the sugar in 
ten ounces of the water with the aid of 
heat. Digest the iodine and iron in a flask 
with the remaining water, till the froth be- 
comes white ; filter the liquid while hot into 
the syrup, and mix. The product should 
weigh forty-three ounces, and should have 
the specific gravity of 1.385. Dose, half to 
one fl. drachm. Brit. Ph. 

This is about two-thirds the strength of 
the former. The syrup of Ph. Germ, con- 
tains four per cent, of its weight of iodine ; 
that of Paris Codex only one-half per cent, 
of iodide of iron. 



Wine of Iodide of Iron. 

R. Sulphate of iron, eight parts. 

Iodide of potas- 
v sium, ten and a half parts. 

White wine, three hundred and 
twenty parts. 
Pulverize the two salts, adding a few drops 
of wine, triturate for a few moments, add 
the rest of the wine, and filter. To be kept 
in glass-stopped bottles. Thirty-two parts 
contain one of the iodide. Callond. 

R. Iodide of iron, half an ounce. 

Claret wine, one pint. 

Dissolve. A dessertspoonful, morning and 

evening. Soubeiran. 



Tincture of Iodide of Iron. 
R. Iodide of iron, one drachm. 

Alcohol, 
Distilled water, 
each, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. Thirty drops to a fl. drachm, twice 
a day. Foy. 

R. Sulphate of iron, eight parts. 

Iodide of potas- 
sium, ten and a half parts. 



PEEEI LACTAS. 



291 



Alcohol (.842), one hundred and 
sixty parts. 

Triturate the salts, separately, and then 
together; add alcohol,' and filter. To be 
kept in glass-stopped bottles. Sixteen 
parts contain one of iodide of iron. 

Callond. 



Mixture of Iodide of Iron. 
R. Iodide of iron, sixteen grains. 
Compound tincture 

of gentian, one fl. ounce. 

Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. 

Mix. Two tablespoonfuls, two or three 

times a day. Ashwell. 



Injection of Iodide of Iron. 

R. Iodide of iron, half an ounce. 

Distilled water, one pint. 

Dissolve. As an injection, or lotion, in 

amenorrhcea, leucorrhcea, etc. Soubeiran. 

R. Iodide of iron, three grains. 

Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. In gonorrhoea; strength to be 

increased if required. Ricord. 



Syrup of Iodide and Chloride of Iron. 

R. Iodine, three hundred and 

eighty-four grains. 

Muriatic acid 

(1.16), four ounces and a half. 

Powdered sugar, twelve ounces. 

Iron filings, 

Distilled water, each, sufficient. 
Mix the acid with an ounce and a half of 
clean iron-filings ; allow to stand ; agitate 
occasionally ; when neutralized, filter. Mix 
the iodine with three ounces of water in a 
flask, add half the weight of iron filings, 
agitate till all the iodine is combined, and 
filter. Mix the solutions, add the sugar 
and as much water as will make a pint. 

W. Procter. 



Syrup of Iodide and Chloride of Iron 

Mixture. 
R. Syrup of iodide and 

chloride of iron, two drachms. 
Syrup of orange- 
peel, four drachms. 
Infusion of cascarilla, four fl. 

ounces. 
Mix. One-fourth to be taken twice a day. 

Battley. 



Bath of Iodide of Iron. 
R. Iodide of iron, two ounces. 

Water, two hundred pints. 

In leucorrhcea, amenorrhcea, chlorosis, etc. 
The quantity of iodide may be increased 
gradually to double, for adults. Pierquin. 



Ointment of Iodide of Iron. 
R. Iodide of iron, one drachm 

and a half. 
Lard, one ounce. 

Triturate together. A piece as large as a 
hazelnut to be rubbed on the inside of the 
thigh, morning and evening, in leucorrhcea 
and amenorrhcea ; also beneficial in gland- 
ular swellings. Pierquin. 



FERRI LACTAS. 

Lactate op Iron. 



R. Lactic acid, 



Iron filings, 



one fl. ounce. 

half a troyounce. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Mix the acid with a pint of the water in an 
iron vessel, add the iron, and digest on a 
water-bath until action ceases, preserving 
the measure by the addition of water ; filter 
while hot into a porcelain capsule, and crys- 
tallize ; wash the crystals with a little al- 
cohol, and dry. By evaporating the mother 
liquor in an iron vessel to one-half and fil- 
tering while hot, more crystals may be ob- 
tained. U. S. Ph. 

R. Lactate of calcium, one hundred 

parts. 
Boiling water, five hundred parts. 
Dissolve. 

Pure sulphate 

of iron, sixty-eight parts. 

Distilled water, five hundred parts. 

Dissolve. 

Mix the two solutions ; filter, add an excess 
of lactic acid, heat in a water-bath, stirring 
constantly ; filter, to separate the sulphate 
of. calcium ; evaporate rapidly either in an 
iron vessel or a porcelain one, with the addi- 
tion of some iron filings ; filter and crystal- 
lize; wash the crystals with alcohol, and 
dry. Lepage. 

Used in same cases as other preparations 
of iron. Dose, one or two grains, frequently 
repeated. 



Lozenges of Lactate of Iron. 
R. Lactate of iron, one drachm. 

Sugar, one ounce and a half. 

Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. 

Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. 

Cap. 



292 



FEEEI MALAS. FEKKI NITRAS, 



Pills of Lactate of Iron. 
R. Lactate of iron, 

Powdered mallow, equal parts. 

Clarified honey, sufficient. 

Make pills of two grains each. Cap. 



Syrup of Lactate of Iron. 
R. Lactate of iron, one drachm. 

"White sugar, twelve ounces 

and a half. 
Boiling distilled water, six fl. 

ounces and a half. 
Triturate the lactate with half an ounce 
of the sugar, dissolve quickly in the boil- 
ing water, pour the solution into a matrass, 
place on a sand-bath, add the rest of the 
sugar gradually ; when dissolved, filter ; 
and when cold, pour into well-stopped 
bottles. 

Dose, from two to four fl. drachms. Cap. 



FERRI MALAS 
Malate of Iron. 



Extract of Malate of Iron. 
R. Sour apples, fifty parts. 

Powdered iron, one part. 

Reduce the apples to a pulp, express the 
juice, let subside, decant, and digest with 
the iron until action ceases. When cold, 
add enough water to make the weight forty- 
eight parts, filter, and evaporate to the con- 
sistence of an extract. Ph. Germ. 
It contains seven to eight per cent, of 
iron, and is much prescribed in Germany 
under the name of Extractum ferri poma- 
tum. Dose, five to ten grains and more. 



Solution of Malate of Iron. 
R. Malate of iron, one ounce. 



Water, 



twelve fl. ounces. 



Dissolve and filter. As an astringent, in 
doses of a fl. drachm. Spielmann. 



Tincture of Malate of Iron. 
R. Extract of malate of 

iron, one part. 

Yinousoinnamon water, nine parts. 

Dissolve and filter. Dose, half to one tea- 

spoonful. Ph. Germ. 



Mixture of Malate of Iron. 

R. Extract of Peruvian bark, 

" gentian, each, one 

drachm. 



Peppermint water, 

Chamomile water, each, one fl. 

' ounce. 

Malate of iron, half a drachm. 

To be taken in divided doses, in dyspepsia, 

Augustin. 



etc. 



Bitter Infusion of Iron. 
R. Iron filings, three ounces. 

Bruised ginger, 

" gentian, each, one ounce. 
" orange-peel, half an ounce. 
Infuse in a pint of strong old cider for a 
month, frequently agitating, and filter. 

Dose, half a drachm to one drachm, 
thrice daily, as a tonic. 



FERRI NITRAS. 

Nitrate of Iron. 

R. Red oxide of iron, four drachms. 

Nitric acid, six fl. drachms. 

Dissolve, and add 

Water, one fl. ounce. 

Filter. Dose, six to twelve drops, in a con- 
venient vehicle. In dyspepsia, and calcu- 
lous complaints. Swediaur. 



Syrup of Protonitrate of Iron. 
R. Iron wire (card teeth), two ounces. 

Nitric acid, sp. gr. 1.42, three 

fl. ounces. 

Water, thirteen fl. ounces. 

Powdered sugar, two pounds. 

Put the iron in a wide-mouthed bottle, kept 
cool by standing in cold water, and pour 
upon it three fl. ounces of water. Mix the 
acid with ten fl. ounces of water, and add 
it gradually to the iron, agitating fre- 
quently, until the acid is saturated. Filter 
the solution into a bottle containing the 
sugar, and marked to contain thirty fl. 
ounces, adding water enough to measure 
that quantity. Dissolve the sugar, strain, 
pour into suitable vials, and seal them. 

W. Procter, Jr. 



Solution of Nitrate (Pernitrate) of 
Iron. 

R. Iron wire, cut, two troj'ounces 

and a half. 

Nitric acid, five troyoivnces. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Mix the iron with twelve fl. ounces of the 
water, in a wide-mouthed bottle, and add to 
it gradually and with agitation, three troy- 



FEERI OIALAS. — PEEEI OIIDUM, 



293 



ounces of the acid, previously diluted with 
six fl. ounces of the water, preventing the 
occurrence of red fumes by placing the 
bottle in cold water. Then agitate well 
until the liquid, when filtered, is of a pale 
green color. Filter into a capacious por- 
celain capsule, heat to 130° and add the 
remainder of the acid. When effervescence 
has ceased, continue the heat until no more 
gas escapes, and add distilled water to make 
the liquid measure thirty-six fl. ounces. 
The specific gravity is betweec 1.060 and 
1.070, and a fl. ounce yields eight to ten 
grains anhydrous oxide of iron. U. S. Ph. 

R. Fine iron wire, free 

from rust, one ounce. 

Nitric acid, four fl. ounces 

and a half. 
Distilled water, sufficient. 

Dilute the acid with sixteen ounces of the 
water, add the iron and leave in contact 
until dissolved, moderating the action, if 
too violent, by the addition of a little dis- 
tilled water ; filter and add distilled water 
to make the liquid measure thirty fl. ounces. 
Its specific gravity is 1.107, and a fl. drachm 
yields 2.6 grains anhydrous oxide of iron. 

Brit. Ph. 
Dose, ten to forty minims. The result 
of both processes is greatly influenced by 
slight variations in the temperature. 



FERRI OXALAS. 

Oxalate op Iron. 

R. Sulphate of iron, two trounces. 

Oxalic acid, four hundred and 

thirty-six grains. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Dissolve the sulphate in thirty fl. ounces, 
and the acid in fifteen fl. ounces of the 
water ; filter, and mix the solutions ; decant 
the clear liquid, wash the precipitate with 
water until the washings cease to redden 
litmus, and dry it with a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. 
Tonic, with little ornoastringency. Dose, 
one to three grains. 



FERRI OXIDUM. 

Peroxide (Sesqtjioxide) of Iron. 



Moist Oxide (Peroxide) of Iron. 
R. Solution of tersulphate 

of iron, one pint. 

Water of ammonia, twenty fl. 

ounces. 



Water 



sufficient. 



To the ammonia water, mixed with two 
pints of water, add, with constant stirring, 
the iron solution, previously mixed with 
two pints of water. Then pour the whole 
on a wet muslin strainer, and wash the pre- 
cipitate with water until the washings pass 
nearly tasteless. 

Brit. Ph. directs to preserve this moist 
precipitate in a stoppered bottle. U. S. Ph. 
orders the above quantity to be diluted 
with water to measure a pint and a half, 
and then to preserve it in the same manner. 

If the above is to be made in haste as 
an antidote, the washing may be performed 
more quickly, though less perfectly, by 
pressing the strainer forcibly with the 
hands until no more liquid passes, and then 
mixing the precipitate with the required 
water. U. S. Ph. 

R. Solution of tersulphate 

of iron, sixty parts. 

Calcined magnesia, seven parts. 
Mix the solution with one hundred and 
twenty parts of water, triturate the mag- 
nesia with the same quantity of water, mix 
and shake well. 

This is to be prepared only when needed 
for use, and constitutes the antidote to ar- 
senic of Ph. Germ. 



Dry Hydrated Oxide of Iron. 

R. Moist peroxide of iron, at will. 

Dry at a temperature not exceeding 212°. 

Brit. Ph. 

Ph. Germ, directs a gentle heat for dry- 
ing. 

Used like the subcarbonate of iron of 
U. S. Ph. 



Soluble Saccharated Oxide of Iron. 

R. Solution of sesquichloride of iron, 

Simple syrup, each, twenty parts. 

Solution of soda, forty parts. 

Distilled water, three hundred 

parts. 

Powdered sugar, sufficient. 

Mix the iron solution and syrup, add grad- 
ually the soda solution with constant stir- 
ring, and set aside for twenty-four hours. 
To the clear liquid add the water boiling 
hot, stir well, and set aside to subside. 
Decant the supernatant liquid, add again 
distilled water, collect the precipitate upon 
a filter, wash it with water as long as the 
washings pass colorless and have a strong 
alkaline reaction, drain and mix in a por- 
celain capsule with ninety parts of sugar. 
Dry the mixture, with constant agitation, 
by means of a water-bath, and add suffi- 



294 



FERRI OXIDUM MAGNETICUM, 



cient sugar to make the whole weigh one 
hundred parts. It contains three per cent, 
of iron, and is entirely soluble in five parts 
of water. Ph. Germ. 

Dose, ten to twenty grains. 



Syrup of Oxide of Iron. 

The mixture of sugar and oxide, as ob- 
tained by the preceding formula, instead of 
being evaporated is digested in a water- 
bath for two hours, adding from time to 
time the water which may have evaporated. 
When cool sufficient simple syrup is added 
to make the whole weigh three hundred 
parts. One hundred parts represent one 
part of iron. Ph. Germ. 



Red Oxide of Iron. 
Colcothar. 

R. Sulphate of iron, any quantity. 

Heat till water of crystallization is ex- 
pelled ; then roast by a powerful heat till 
all acid is driven off; powder, wash till all 
traces of acid disappear ; dry. 

Paris Codex. 
Astringent and tonic, and has been ad- 
vised in neuralgia, etc., in doses of five to 
fifteen grains, but is inferior to the subcar- 
bonate and hydrated oxide; it is now 
mainly employed in the arts for polishing 
metals, etc. 



Oxide of Iron Plaster. 

R. Hydrated peroxide of iron, 

in fine powder, one ounce. 

Burgundy pitch, two ounces. 

Lead plaster, eight ounces. 

Melt the pitch and plaster, and add the 
iron, stirring constantly. Brit. Ph. 

As a strengthening plaster, in muscular 
relaxation and weakness, known in Great 
Britain under the name of Chalybeate 
Plaster. 

R. Lead plaster, ~\ each, 

Compound lead plaster, > ten 
Yellow wax, ) parts. 

Olive oil, four parts. 

Melt together ; triturate 

Colcothar, ten parts, 

with lour pints of olive oil, and mix the 

whole together, stirring constantly until 
eool. Tins is Canet's Plaster of the Paris 
Codex. 

The Iron Plaster of the U. S. Ph. is 
made with Bubcarbonate of iron. 



FERRI OXIDUM MAG- 
NETICUM. 

Magnetic or Black Oxide of Iron. 

R. Solution of persulphate of 

iron, five fl. ounces and a half. 
Sulphate of iron, two ounces. 

Solution of soda, four pints. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Dissolve the sulphate in two pints of the 
water, add the solution of persulphate, and 
then mix with the solution of soda. Boil, 
set aside for two hours, stirring occasionally, 
transfer upon a calico filter, drain, wash 
thoroughly with distilled water, and dry the 
precipitate at or helow 120°. Brit. Ph. 

Dose, five to ten grains. 

R. Powdered iron filings, 

any quantity. 

Moisten with sufficient water, expose to the 
air, and replace from time to time the evap- 
orated water. After four or five days, 
powder the mass, throw it upon a hair sieve, 
and wash with water to separate the oxide. 
Set the washings aside, decant the sediment 
from the heavier metallic iron, collect upon 
a filter, and dry. Paris Codex. 

These do not give identical products, but 
they are sufficiently alike to be used for the 
same purposes. 



Powder of Black Oxide of Iron 

R. Black oxide of iron, three parts. 

Aromatic powder, six parts. 

Sugar, eight parts. 

Mix. Dose, thirty to forty grains, twice a 
day, in leucorrhoea and rachitis. 

Swediaur. 

R. Black oxide of iron, 

Colombo, each, one drachm. 

Rind of bitter 

orange, half an ounce. 

Cinnamon, one scruple. 

Mix, and divide into nine powders. Three 
to be given a day, in chlorosis and amen- 
orrhcea. Brera. 



Pills of Black Oxide of Iron. 

R. Black oxide of iron, eight grains. 

Powdered saffron, 

" valerian, 

each, sixteen grains. 

Syrup of wormwood, sufficient. 

Mix, and form eight pills; four to eight a 

day, in amenorrhea. Foy. 



R. Black oxide of iron, 
Powdered canella, 
each, 



one drachm. 






FERRI PEESULPHA8. — FEEEI PHOSPHAS 



295 



Extract of ox bile, 
" centaury, 



each, 



three drachms. 



Mix, and form pills of four grains. Four 
to six a day, in engorgements of the ab- 
dominal viscera. Pierquin. 



Electuary of Black Oxide of Iron. 

R. Black oxide of iron, half an ounce. 
Carbonate of potassium, 

two scruples. 
Prepared chalk, 



Ginger, each, 



two drachms. 



Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. 
Mix well. Dose, half a drachm, two or 
three times a day, in chlorosis and leucor- 
rhcea. Swediaur. 

R. Black oxide of iron, 

Soap, each, one drachm. 

Extract of hemlock, twelve grains. 
" squill, one scruple. 

Oxj'mel, sufficient. 

Mix well. Dose, half a drachm to a 
drachm, in dropsy, with engorgement of 
the abdominal viscera. Brera. 



FERRI PERSULPHAS 

Ferric Sulphate. 



Solution of Tersulphate of Iron. 
R. Sulphate of iron, in coarse 

powder, twelve troyounces. 

Sulphuric acid, two troyounces 
and sixty grains. 

Nitric acid, one troyounce 

and six drachms. 

Water, sufficient. 

Mix the acids with half a pint of water, 
heat in a capacious porcelain capsule to 
boiling,- and add the iron salt, one-fourth 
at a time, stirring after each addition until 
effervescence ceases ; continue the heat 
until solution is reddish-brown and free 
from nitrous odor; when cool, add water 
to make the liquid measure twenty-four fl. 
ounces. Its specific gravity is 1.320, and 
a fl. ounce yields sixty-nine grains of oxide 
of iron. U. S. Ph. 

Liquid ferric sulphate, Ph., Germ., is 
nearly identical with the above ; it has the 
specific gravity 1.317 to 1.319, and contains 
eighty per cent, of iron. Solution of per- 
sulphate of iron, Brit. Ph., has the spe- 
cific gravity 1.441, and one fl. drachm 
yields 11.44 grains of oxide ; eight ounces 



of sulphate of iron yield eleven fl. ounces 
of this solution. 

The above is mostly used as the source 
of ferric oxide in making other preparations 
of iron. 



Solution of Subsulphate of Iron. 
(Monsel's Solution.) 

R. Sulphate of iron, in coarse 

powder, twelve troyounces. 

Sulphuric acid. one troyounce 

and thirty grains. 

Nitric acid, one troyounce 

and five drachms. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Proceed as in the process for the previous 

solution ; when nitrous vapors are no longer 

perceptible, and the liquid is nearly cold, 

add distilled water to make it measure 

twelve fl. ounces. U. S. Ph. 

A powerful styptic, used for arresting 



FERRI PHOSPHAS. 

Phosphate of Iron. 

R. Sulphate of iron, five troyounces. 
Phosphate of sodium, 

six troyounces. 
Water, eight pints. 

Dissolve the sulphate and phosphate, each, 
in four pints of the water ; mix the solu- 
tions, and let settle ; decant, wash the pre- 
cipitate with hot water, and dry with a 
gentle heat. U. S. Ph. 

The process of Ph. Germ,, is essentially the 
same, except that the salts are dissolved in 
about half the above quantities of water. 

Used with advantagein amen orrhcea, and 
certain cases of dyspepsia. Dose, five to 
ten grains. 

R. Sulphate of iron, three ounces. 
Phosphate of sodium, 

two and a half ounces. 
Acetate of sodium, one ounce. 
Boiling distilled water, four pints. 

Dissolve the iron salt, in one half, and the 
sodium salts in the other half of the water, 
mix the solutions, transfer to a calico filter, 
wash the precipitate well with hot distilled 
water, and dry it at 120°. Brit. Ph. 



Pills of Phosphate of Iron. 
R. Phosphate of iron, forty grains. 
Potassa (or soda), three grains. 
Extract of aloes, four grains 

Powdered liquorice 

root, twenty grains. 

Albumen of egg, sufficient. 



296 



FERRI PYROPHOSPHAS 



Mix, and form twelve pills. Dose, one 
every two to four hours. Carmichael. 



Ointment of Phosphate of Iron. 
R. Phosphate of iron, two drachms. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. Recommended with the former, in 
cancer. Carmichael. 



Syrup of Phosphate of Iron. 
R. Granular sulphate of iron, two 
hundred and twenty-four grains. 
Phosphate of sodium, 

two hundred grains. 
Acetate of sodium, 

seventy-four grains. 
Diluted phosphoric acid, 

five fl. ounces and a half. 
Refined sugar, eight ounces. 

Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. 
Dissolve the iron salt in one half, and the 
sodium salts in the other half of the water ; 
mix, wash the precipitate well, press 
strongly between bibulous paper, and dis- 
solve in the acid. Filter, add the sugar, 
and dissolve without heat ; it should meas- 
ure twelve fl. ounces, and contains one grain 
of phosphate of iron in each fl. drachm. 

Brit. Ph. 



Compound Syrup of Phosphates. 
(Chemical Food.) 

R. Sulphate of iron, ten drachms. 
Phosphate of sodium, 
M calcium, 

each, twelve drachms. 

Glacial phosphoric acid, 

twenty drachms. 
Carbonate of sodium, forty grains. 
Carbonate of potassium, 

one drachm. 
Powdered cochineal, two drachms. 
Sugar, thirty-two troyounces. 

Orange-flow r er water, one fl. ounce. 
Muriatic acid, S , 

Water of ammonia, V- c l r . 
Water, \ s,lfflcl 

Dissolve the iron salt in two, and the so- 
dium phosphate in four fl. ounces of boiling 
water, mix. and wash the precipitate. Dis- 
solve the calcium salt in four fl. ounces of 
water with sufficient muriatic acid, precipi- 
tate by ammonia and wash well. Dissolve 
the two freshly precipitated phosphates in 
the phosphoric acid, previously dissolved in 
four 11. ounces of water, add the carbonates, 
and thou sufficient muriatic acid to dissolve 



sufficient. 



any precipitate that may occur ; add water 
to make the solution measure twenty-two 
fl. ounces, dissolve in it the sugar by the 
aid of heat, adding towards the last the 
cochineal, strain, and when cool, add the 
orange-flower water. Dose, a teaspoonful, 
containing about two grains of phosphate 
of calcium and one grain of phosphate of 
iron. E. Parrish. 



FERRI PYROPHOSPHAS. 

Pyrophosphate of Iron. 

R. Phosphate of sodium, 

seven troyounces and a half. 
Solution of tersulphate 

of iron, seven fl. ounces. 

Citric acid, two troyounces. 

Water of ammonia, five fl. ounces. 
Water, sufficient. 

Exsiccate the phosphate, then heat it to in- 
cipient redness ; afterwards dissolve in three 
pints of water, cool the solution to 50°, and 
add sufficient of the iron solution to pre- 
cipitate. Drain and wash the precipitate 
thoroughly upon a muslin strainer, and 
transfer it to a weighed porcelain capsule. 
Saturate and dissolve the citric acid with 
sufficient ammonia water, add the solution 
to the precipitate, stir until dissolved, and 
evaporate to sixteen troyounces. Spread, 
upon glass, dry, and preserve in well-stopped 
bottles. 

It contains forty-eight per cent, of anhy- 
drous pyrophosphate of iron. U. 8. Ph. 



Pyrophosphate of Iron and Sodium. 
R. Pyrophosphate of sodium, 

two hundred parts. 
Solution of sesquichloride 

of iron, eighty-one parts. 

Distilled water, six hundred 

and twenty parts. 

Alcohol, one thousand parts. 

Dissolve the pyrophosphate in four hundred 

parts of hot water, and add to it gradually 

the iron solution previously diluted with 

the remainder of the water, as long as the 

precipitate is redissolved; filter, add the 

alcohol, collect the precipitate, wash it with 

some alcohol, press between bibulous paper, 

and dry with a gentle heat. Ph. Germ. 



Syrup of Pyrophosphate of Iron. 
R. Pyrophosphate of iron, one part. 

Distilled water, two parts. 

Simple syrup, ninety-seven parts. 
Dissolve the iron salt in the water, and 
add to the syrup. Paris Codex. 



FEKEI SULPHAS. 



297 



FERRI SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Iron. 

R. Iron wire, in small 

pieces, twelve troyounces. 

Sulphuric acid, eighteen 

troyounces 

Water, eight pints. 

Mix the acid and water, and add the iron ; 
heat till effervescence ceases. Pour off the 
solution, add half a drachm of sulphuric 
acid, filter, the end of the funnel touching 
the bottom of the receiving vessel. Evap- 
orate in a matrass, set aside to crystallize 
in a covered vessel, drain crystals in a 
funnel, dry, and keep in well-closed bottles. 

U. S. Ph. 
Astringent and tonic. Dose, from one to 
five grains. 



Granulated Sulphate of Iron. 

R. Iron wire, four ounces. 

Sulphuric acid, four fl. ounces. 
Distilled water, thirty fl. ounces. 

Digest until effervescence nearly ceases, 
boil for ten minutes, filter into a jar con- 
taining eight fl. ounces of alcohol, and stir. 
When cool, drain the crystals and dry 
them on porous tiles. Brit. Ph. 



Dried Sulphate of Iron. 

R. Sulphate of iron, twelve 

tro3 T ounces. 

Expose, in an unglazed earthen vessel, to a 
moderate heat until it has effloresced ; raise 
and maintain the heat at 300° until the 
salt ceases to lose weight, then powder and 
preserve. U. S. Ph. 

Ph. Germ, restricts the heat to 212° ; 
Brit. Ph. allows the heat finally to be 
raised to 400°. 

Three grains are equal to five of the 
undried. 



Powder of Sulphate of Iron. 

R. Powdered sulphate of 

iron, four grains. 

Powdered ginger, ten to 

sixteen grains. 

Mix. To be taken twice a day, in amenor- 

rhcea, chlorosis, etc. Saunders. 

R. Powdered sulphate of 

iron, half an ounce. 

Powdered tansy, three ounces. 
Mix. Dose, a drachm. As a vermifuge. 

Dan. Ph. 



Pills of Sulphate of Iron. 

R. Dried sulphate of iron, two parts. 

Extract of dandelion, five parts. 

Conserve of red roses, two parts. 

Powdered liquorice 

root, three parts. 

Beat together, and form into five grain 
pills. Ed. Ph. 

R. Sulphate of iron, two drachms. 
Extract of wormwood, half an 

ounce. 
Syrup of saffron, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and divide into one hun- 
dred and fifty pills. Four to five, three 
times a day. In chlorosis, leucorrhcea, etc. 

Werthof. 

each. 



one 

drachm 

and a half. 



R. Sulphate of iron, 

Kino, 

Gentian, 

Extract of gentian, 

Turpentine, three drachms. 

Powdered mallow root, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and make two hundred and 
seventy pills. Ten, four times a day, in 
secondary gonorrhoea. Watch. 



Blaud's Anti-Chlorotic Pills. 
R. Sulphate of iron, in fine 

powder, one ounce. 

Carbonate of potassium, 

in dry powder, one ounce. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, 
Powdered liquorice root, 

each, sufficient. 

To make ninety-nine pills. Triturate well, 
and divide into pills. To be taken, one in 
the morning and evening, for the first three 
days, a third pill at noon for the next three 
days, and so increased to nine a day. 

Blaud. 

Paris Codex directs thirty grains each 

of dried sulphate of iron and carbonate of 

potassium to be made into one hundred and 

twenty pills. 



Pills of Iron and Rhubarb. 

R. Dried sulphate of iron, four parts. 

Extract of rhubarb, ten parts. 

Conserve of red roses, five parts. 
Beat into mass, and form five grain pills. 

Tonic and laxative, in dose of two or 
three. 



Compound Sulphate of Iron Pills. 

R. Sulphate of iron, one scruple. 
Powdered senna, half a scruple. 



298 



FERKI SULPHUEETUM 



FEREI TANIAS. 



Powdered jalap, 

" cream of tartar, 

each, half a scruple. 

" ginger, twelve grains. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Form mass, and divide into twenty-five 
pills. Ellis. 

These are known as Hooper's Pills, as 
are also the following : — 

R. Barbadoes aloes, eight ounces. 
Sulphate of iron, four ounces. 

Extract of black ] 

hellebore, | each, 

Myrrh, V two ounces. 

Soap, 
Powdered canella, 

" ginger, each, one ounce. 

Water, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and divide into two and a 
half grain pills. Phil. Coll. Ph. 

As a laxative and emmenagogue. 

R. Dried sulphate of iron, one scruple. 

Powdered aloes, two scruples. 
" cloves, five grains. 

Venice turpentine, sufficient. 

Form mass, and divide into twenty pills. 
One, three times a day, as an emmena- 
gogue. Ellis. 



Solution of Sulphate of Iron. 
R. Sulphate of iron, 

Alum, each, six ounces. 

Water, forty-eight ounces. 

Dissolve, filter, and add 

Sulphuric acid, four ounces. 

In hemorrhages, in doses of ten or twelve 
drops, in water. Spielmann. 



Sulphate of Iron Injection. 
R. Sulphate of iron, half to one 

drachm. 
Snge water, four ounces. 

Mucilage gum Arabic, half a 

drachm. 
Mix. As an injection, in nasal and uterine 
hemorrhages. * Berends. 



Mixture of Sulphate of Iron. 

R. Sulphate of iron, one scruple. 

Sulphuric acid, four to six drops. 

White sugar, oik; drachm. 

Water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. A teaspoonfnl, with water, every 
tWO to four hours, as a tonic. Ellis. 



R. Sulphate of iron, four grains. 

Elixir of vitriol, twenty drops. 

Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. A teaspoonful, in a wineglass of 
water, three times a day. Ellis. 

R. Powdered myrrh, one drachm. 

" gum Arabic, two 

drachms. 

Syrup, one fl. ounce. 

Infusion of chamomile, six 

fl. ounces. 

Mix well, and add 

Powdered sulphate of 



iron, 
Cinnamon water. 



fifteen grains, 
one fl. ounce. 



Mix. Two spoonfuls every three hours, as 
an emmenagogue. Frank. 



Syrup of Sulphate of Iron. 

R. Sulphate of iron, two drachms. 

Water, one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve, filter, and add 

Syrup of gum Arabic, seventeen 

fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful twice a day, in 

chlorosis, leucorrhcea, etc. Soubeiran. 



FERRI SULPHURETUM. 

Sulphuret of Iron. 

Heat an iron rod to a white heat, apply to 
it a roll of sulphur, receiving the sulphuret 
of iron in water ; separate it from the sul- 
phur, dry, and keep in a well-stopped bot- 
tle. 

Used to make hydrosulphuric acid, by the 
addition of diluted sulphuric acid. 



FERRI TANNAS. 
Tannate of Iron. 

R. Tannic acid, ninety parts. 

Roiling water, sufficient 

to dissolve ; add gradually 

Subcarbonate of iron, four hun- 
dred and forty parts. 

Agitate till effervescence ceases. Evapo- 
rate at 176°, in a porcelain vessel, until it 
becomes thick, then dry on a plate, in a 
stove, at 95°. Benedetti. 

Found useful in chlorosis, in doses of two 
or three grains, thrice a day, increasing the 
dose as required. 



FERRI VALEEIANAS. FILIX MAS. 



299 



FERRI YALERIANAS. 

Valerianate op Iron. 

R. Clean iron filings, at will. 

Put in a wedgewood mortar, add gradually 
an equal weight of valerianic acid, stirring 
continually. In an hour, add distilled 
water, pour the whole into a flask, warm 
gently, and filter. The surface, exposed to 
the air, becomes covered with a crystalline 
layer of valerianate of iron. Collect this 
on a filter, repeat this as long as crystals 
are formed. 
Dose, one to two grains. Euspini. 

R. Solution of tersulphate 

of iron, eight fl. ounces. 

Yalerianate of sodium, five 

troyounces. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Dissolve the valerianate inhalf a pint of the 

water, and add to the iron solution. Wash 

the precipitate upon a filter, and dry upon 

porous tiles. U. S. Ph. 

It should be kept in a well-stopped bottle. 



FICUS. 

Figs. 

Figs are the fruit of Ficus carica, a small 
tree, a native of Asia, and now cultivated 
in all warm climates. There are numerous 
varieties. 

Sex. Syst. Polygam. dicec. Nat. Syst. Mo- 
racese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1513. Griffith, Med. Bot. 576. 

They come to this country in a dry state, 
from the ports of the Levant. They are 
nutritious, laxative, and demulcent, and are 
used in medicine in demulcent decoctions, 
and sometimes externally, as a suppurative 
poultice. 



Decoction of Figs. 
R. Figs, one ounce. 

Water, one pint. 

Boil, and strain. Demulcent and pectoral. 

Cadet. 



Gargle of Figs. 
R. Figs, 

Mallow root, each, one ounce. 

Milk, two pints. 

Boil away one-fourth. As an emollient 
gargle in sore throat. Radius. 



Liquorice root, half an ounce. 

Infuse, and strain. Foy. 

This is identical with the compound de- 
coction of barley of the Lond. Ph., and 
like it, is nutritive, demulcent, and laxa- 
tive. 



Compound Decoction of Figs. 
R. Figs, 

Raisins, each, two ounces. 

Barley water, two pints. 

Boil for a quarter of an hour, and add 



Coffee of Figs. 
R. Figs, roasted like coffee, two 

drachms. 

Water, one pint. 

Boil gently, and strain. Radius. 

This is said to be an excellent substitute 

for coffee, and to form an excellent diet in 

diseases of the chest. 



Paste of Figs. 
R. Figs, at will. 

Reduce to a pulp, express through a hair- 
sieve, mix with four times the weight of 
sugar, concentrate by a gentle heat, and 
cut into lozenges. Soubeiran. 



FILIX MAvS. 

Male Fern. 

The Male Fern is the rhizome of Nephro- 
dium (Aspidium) filix mas, a native of the 
temperate regions of the whole world, in 
shady, rather damp situations. 

Sex. Syst. Crypt, nl. Nat. Syst. Polypo- 
diacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 1551. (Polypodium.) 
Griffith, Med. Bot. 670. 

The rhizome is covered with portions of 
the brown stipes, is green internally, and 
has a feeble, but peculiar odor, and a sweet, 
bitter, astringent taste. It should always 
be used as fresh as possible, only such part 
should be employed as has retained its green 
color ; and the stipes being inert, should 
then be removed. It is tonic and anthel- 
mintic, but is not much used in this country. 
The dose, in substance, is from one to three 
drachms, twice a day. 



Powder of Male Fern. 
R. Male fern, one ounce. 

Gamboge, 

Calomel, each, fourteen grains. 

Scammony, eighteen grains. 

Mix, and divide into three powders. In 
tapeworm. Cadet. 

Bolus of Male Fern. 
R. Male fern, half an ounce. 

Rhubarb, two drachms. 

Levant wormseed, half an ounce. 

Calomel, one drachm. 

Syrup of wormwood, sufficient. 
Mix, and form twelve boluses, Spielmann. 



300 



FCENICULUM. 



Oleoresin of Male Pern. 

B. Male fern, in powder, 

No. 60, twelve tro}'ounces. 

Ether, sufficient. 

Obtain by slow percolation twenty-four fl. 
ounces of tincture ; distil off the greater 
part of the ether, and allow the remaining 
ether to evaporate spontaneously ; keep 
the oleoresin in a well-stopped bottle. 

U. S. Ph. 

Dose, fifteen to thirty grains twice a day. 

This preparation is called extract by Ph. 
Germ., liquid extract by Brit. Ph., and 
oil of male fern by Paris Codex. 



Pills of Extract of Male Pern. 

B. Oleoresin of male fern, one 

scruple. 
Powder of male fern, twelve 

grains. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and make twelve to sixteen pills. To 

be taken in the evening, at short intervals. 

Peschier. 

B. Oleoresin of male 

fern, twenty-four drops. 

Powdered mallow root, three 

scruples. 

Fresh lard, two scruples. 

Mix, and divide into twenty-four pills. 
One-half to be taken in the evening, and 
the remainder next morning, and, an hour 
afterwards, a dose of castor oil. Jourdan. 



B 



Electuary of Male Fern. 
Oleoresin of 

male fern, half a drachm. 

Honey of roses, one ounce. 

Mix. Half in the evening, the remainder 

the next morning. Radius. 



Jelly with Male Fern. 

B. Male fern, 

Corsica moss, each, six drachms. 

Isinglass, one drachm. 

Water, eight ounces. 

Boil to llirco ounces, and strain; add 

Oleoresin of 

male fern, one scruple. 

Syrup of mulberries, one ounce. 

To be taken in divided doses, during the 
day. Phwbus. 



Mixture of Male Fern. 
B. Male fern, half an ounce. 

Elecampane, two drachms. 

Wormwood, a handful. 

Santonica, one drachm. 

Water, sufficient 

to obtain a quart of decoction ; add 

Vermifuge syrup, one ounce. 

Mix. Bories. 

B. Powdered male fern, four drachms. 

Balm water, three ounces. 

Syrup of gum, one ounce. 

Mix. To be taken in the evening, and 
next morning an ounce of castor oil. 

Radius. 



FGENICULUM. 

Fennel. 

There are several varieties, or species of 
Fennel, closely resembling each other, and 
having the same properties ; that recognized 
as officinal by the U. S. Ph. is the F. dalce, 
a native of Europe, and often cultivated 
in the gardens in this country. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apia- 
Linn. Sp. PI. 377. Griffith, Med. Bot. 321. 
The part used is the fruit, which is fra- 
grant, with a sweetish, warm, pleasant, 
aromatic taste. It is employed as a car- 
minative, and as corrective of other and 
more unpleasant remedies. The dose of the 
powder is from a scruple to half a drachm. 



Compound Powder of Fennel. 


B. Powdered fennel, 


each, 


u 


anise, 


one 


u 


lettuce, 


[ ounce 


u 


white poppy, 


and a 


u 


benne, 


half. 


u 


sugar, six ounces. 


Mix. Dose, 


a drachm two or three times 


a day. Said 


to increase the secretion of 


milk in nursing women. 


Niemann. 



Infusion of Fennel. 
B. Fennel, one drachm. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse for an hour, and strain. Given in 
teaspoonful doses to infants, in windy colic, 
or used as an enema, for the same purpose. 

Taddei. 



Fennel Water. 

B. Oil of fennel, half a fl. drachm. 

Carbonate of magnesium, one 

drachm. 

Distilled water, two pints. 



F BASER A. — FTJLIGO 



301 



Eub the oil with the carbonate, gradually 
add the water, constantly rubbing, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

Distilled fennel water is made by distil- 
ling, from one part of the bruised fruit and 
sufficient water, four parts (Paris Codex), 
ten parts (Brit. Ph.), fourteen parts ( O. S. 
Ph.), thirty parts (Ph. Germ.). 



Oil of Fennel. 
R. Bruised fennel, 
Water, 

Mix, and distil. 
Dose, five to fifteen drops. 



at will, 
sufficient. 

Guibourt. 



R 



Essence of Fennel. 

Oil of fennel, one fl. ounce. 

Alcohol, nine fl: ounces. 

Mix. Dose, twenty or thirty drops. 

Dub. Ph. 



Fennel Ointment. 

R. Oil of fennel, 
Lard, 

Triturate together, 
the hair. 



thirty drops. 

four ounces. 

Said to destroy lice in 

Niemann. 



FRASERA. 

American Colombo. 

The Frasera Walteri is one of the tallest 
and most elegant of our native herbaceous 
plants, sometimes attaining a height of ten 
feet, with a pyramid of yellowish- white 
flowers, of three or four feet in length. 

Sex. Sysl. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Gentianaceae. 

Walter, Fl. Carol. 87. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
462. 

The root, which is the officinal portion, is 
large and succulent, and is usually dried in 
circular sections, like Colombo. It has no 
odor in a dried state, but possesses a 
sweetish-bitter taste, which according to G. 
W. Kennedy is due to gentiopicrin. It is a 
mild bitter tonic, suited to all cases to which 
the simple bitters are applicable. The dose, 
in powder, is from thirty grains to a drachm. 



Infusion of American Colombo. 
R. American Colombo, 

bruised, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse for an hour, and strain. Wood. 

Dose, one to two fl. ounces several times 

a day. 



Tincture of American Colombo. 



R. Contused American 
Colombo, 
Diluted alcohol, 
Macerate for fourteen days. 
Dose, one to three drachms. 



one ounce. 

one pint. 

and filter. 
Dunglison. 



FULIGO 

Soot. 



The soot of wood is of a black color, has a 
peculiar smell, and a bitter, disagreeable, 
empyreumatic taste. It owes its properties 
to the presence of pyrogenous oil or resin, 
and creasote ; but also contains various salts, 
united to acetic acid. It was formerly 
officinal, but gradually was relinquished in 
regular practice ; but, of late years, has 
again attracted attention, and has been em- 
ployed with success in a variety of diseases. 



Pills of Soot. 
R. Extract of soot, half a drachm. 
Comp. galbanum pill, one scruple. 
Oil of valerian, ten minims. 

Mix well, and form twelve pills; two, 
thrice a day, in hysteria. Neligan. 

R. Soot, one drachm and a half. 

Carbonate of ammonium, half a 

drachm. 

Tar, sufficient. 

Mix, and make five grain pills. Ferriar. 



Decoction of Soot. 

R. Soot, two handfuls. 

Water, two pints. 

Boil for half an hour, and strain. As a 
lotion, in herpetic, psoric, and venereal 
ulcers. Soubeiran. 



R 



Tincture of Soot. 

Soot, one part. 

Diluted alcohol, eight parts. 

Macerate for eight days, and filter. Dose, 
from thirty to sixty drops, as, an antispas- 
modic in hysteria, etc. Guibourt. 



R. 



Mixture of Soot. 

Soot, half an ounce. 

Carbonate of potassium, one 

ounce and a half. 
Carbonate of ammonium, two 

drachms. 
Elder-flower water, nine fl. ounces. 



302 



FULIGOKALI, 



Digest for some time by a gentle heat, and 
filter. Dose, thirty to sixty drops, several 
times a day. In dyspepsia, suppressed cu- 
taneous affections, etc. Dunglison. 

R. Hickory ashes, one quart. 

Soot, six ounces. 

Boiling water, one gallon. 

Mix, and digest for twenty-four hours, fre- 
quently stirring, and decant. A teacup- 
ful, three times a day, used in dyspepsia. 

Ellis. 



R 



Soot Mouth- Wash. 

Extract of soot, one part. 

Yinegar, twelve parts. 

Mix. A few drops, in a glass of tepid 
water, in aphthous sore mouth. Soubeiran. 



Oil of Soot. 

R. Soot, four ounces. 

Olive oil, twelve ounces. 

Boil, and strain. As an application to 
ulcers in the mouth, or on the genitals. 

Radius. 



R 



Soot Ointment. 

one part, 
four parts. 

Triturate together. As an application in 
tinea, scrofulous sores, etc. Soubeiran. 



Soot, 
Lard, 



Compound Soot Ointment. 
R. Soot, 

Lard, each, half an ounce. 

Extract of belladonna, one 

drachm. 
Triturate together. As an application to 
cancerous sores. Radius. 

R. Soot, an ounce and a half. 

Lard, four ounces. 

Sulphate of zinc, six drachms. 
Triturate together. In cases of tinea. 

Dories. 



Cataplasm of Soot. 



R. Soot, 

Whites of eggs, 



two ounces, 
six. 



Mix. As an application to tinea, herpes, 
and scrofulous ulcers. St. Marie. 



Injection of Soot. 
R. Decoction of soot, one pint. 

Alum, half an ounce. 

Water, six ounces. 

Mix. Advised as an injection, in leucor- 



rhcea. 



Soubeiran. 



FULIGOKALI 

FULIGOKALI. 



R 



Potassa, twenty parts. 

Shining soot, one hundred parts. 
Water, sufficient. 

Boil for an hour, cool, dilute with water, 
filter, evaporate to dryness, and keep in 
well-closed bottles. Deschamps. 

Used, both internally and externally, in 
chronic cutaneous disorders. Dose, two to 
three grains, several times a day. 



Sulphuretted Fuligokali. 

R. Fuligokali, sixty parts. 

Potassa, fourteen parts. 

Sulphur, five parts. 

Dissolve the sulphur and potassa, add the 
fuligokali, and evaporate to dryness. 



Pills of Sulphuretted Fuligokali. 
R. Sulphuretted fuligokali, five 

drachms. 

Starch, two drachms and a half. 

Tragacanth, eight grains. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and make one hundred pills, and cover 

them with two or three coats of tragacanth. 

Deschamps. 



Ointment of Fuligokali. 

R. Fuligokali, sixteen to thirty grains. 
Lard, one ounce. 

Triturate together. Used as a detersive, 
resolvent, and somewhat stimulant applica- 
tion, in obstinate cutaneous affections. 

Gibert. 



GALBA^UM 



303 



G. 



GALBANUM. 

Galbanum. 

This is the gum resin of an unknown 
plant, but generally admitted to belong to 
the Apiacepe. According to Don and others, 
the Asiatic galbanum is the product of 
Galbanum officinale, a native of Persia. 
Boissier refers it to Ferula erubescens. 

Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. xvi. 603. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 333. 

Galbanum is in whitish or yellowish tears, 
or in brownish-yellow or brownish masses, 
formed of these tears agglutinated, and con- 
taining various impurities. The odor is 
peculiar, and somewhat balsamic; the taste 
is hot, bitter, and acrid. It is stimulant, 
expectorant, and antispasmodic, in doses of 
ten to twenty grains ; and also used exter- 
nally to indolent swellings, etc. 



Purified Galbanum. 
R. Galbanum, in small 

pieces, three parts. 

"Water, two parts. 

Digest in a tared capsule until the gum 
resin is completely divided, add sufficient 
stronger alcohol to form with the water of 
the emulsion a menstruum of sixty percent, 
alcoholic strength ; boil for a minute, strain 
with expression through moderately coarse 
muslin, and evaporate by means of a water- 
bath, to the proper consistence. 

Paris Codex. 



Compound Galbanum Pills. 
R. Galbanum, 

Myrrh, each, thirty-six grains. 
Assafetida, twelve grains. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and divide into twenty-four 
pills. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, two to four, in chlorosis and hys- 
teria. 

R. Assafetida, ~) 

Galbanum, v each, two ounces. 

Myrrh, ) 

Molasses, one ounce. 

Heat by a water-bath and stir until the 
mass assumes a uniform consistence. 

It is called Compound Fill of Assafetida 
by Brit. Ph. 

Dose, five to ten grains. 

R. Galbanum, two drachms. 

Oil of savine, four to twelve drops. 



Malate of iron, one drachm 

and a half. 

Powdered valerian, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and divide into one hun- 
dred and twenty pills. Two three times a 
day, in amenorrhcea, chlorosis, etc. 

Phoebus. 





Galbanum Mixture. 


R. 


Galbanum, 
Yinegar of squill, 


two drachms. 




Fennel water, each, 


two fl. ounces. 




Spirit of Mindererus, two 






fl. drachms. 




Spirit of nitrous ether, one 






fl. drachm. 




Syrup of mallows, 


half fl. ounce. 


Mix. Three or four spoonfuls a day, in 


humid asthma. 


John. 



Tincture of Galbanum. 
R. Galbanum, in small 

pieces, two ounces. 

Proof spirit, two pints. 

Digest for seven days, and filter. 

Dub. Ph. 1826. 
Antispasmodic, etc. In doses of one to 
three fl. drachms. 



Compound Tincture of Galbanum. 
R. Tincture of galbanum, 
" wormwood, 

Spirit of rosemary, 
Mix. Dose, forty to fifty drops. 

Augustin. 



equal 
parts. 



Galbanum Plaster. 
R. Lead plaster, eight ounces. 

Galbanum, ^ 

Ammoniacum, v each, one ounce. 

Yellow wax, ) 
Melt the galbanum and ammoniac, and 
strain : then add the plaster and wax, pre- 
viously melted, and mix. Brit. Ph. 

R. Turpentine, five parts. 

Yellow wax, eight parts. 

Melt together, and add 

Galbanum, softened \>y 



vinegar, 



Mix. 



twelve parts. 
Span. Ph. 



304 



GALIUM VERUM. — GALLA. 



Compound Galbanum Plaster. 
R. Galbanum, eight troyounces. 

Turpentine, one troyounce. 

Burgundy pitch, three troyounces. 
Lead plaster, thirty-six 

troyounces. 
Melt the galbanum and turpentine toge- 
ther, strain, add the pitch, and then the 
lead plaster, melted ; mix well. U. S. Ph. 
This resembles the compound diachylon 
plaster of Ph. Germ., and the gummy 
diachylon plaster of Paris Codex. 

A good application to chronic scrofulous 
enlargements of the glands and joints. 

R. Galbanum and saffron 

plaster, eight parts. 

Camphor, } each, 

Petroleum, V- one 

Carbonate of ammonium, ) part. 
Melt together. In chronic rheumatism. 

Augustin. 



Galbanum Plaster with Saffron. 

R. Lead plaster, twenty-four parts. 

Yellow wax, eight parts. 

Melt, and when nearly cold, add 

Purified galbanum, twenty-four 

parts, 

previously dissolved by the aid of a water- 
bath in 

Common turpentine, six parts. 

Then add 

Powdered saffron, one part, 

previously beaten, with some alcohol, into 
a pulpy mass. Mix well, and form into 
rolls. Ph. Germ. 

R. Yellow wax, } 

Resin, v each, six parts. 

Burgundy pitch, ) 

Melt together, and add, diffused in 

Common turpentine, three parts. 

Powdered ammoniac, 

M galbanum, 

each, tw r o parts. 

Afterwards add the mixture of 

Powdered mastic, ) , , 
,, u f each, two 

" myrrh, > h- 

" olibanum, ) 



saffron, 



one part. 



Mix thoroughly. This is the ernplastrum 
oxycroceum, much employed in Europe. 

Ph. Germ. 



GALIUM VERUM. 
Yellow Ladies-Bedstraw. 

A perennial, herbaceous plant, native of 
Europe, which is stated to have the power 
of coagulating milk, and also used to dye 
yellow. 

Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ru- 
biaceaj. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 155. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 
i. 202. 

The whole plant is used ; it has an agreea- 
ble odor, and an astringent, acidulous, some- 
what acrid taste. It was at one time much 
used in epilepsy and hysteria, and also as 
an application in cutaneous affections. 



Infusion of Yellow Ladies-Bedstraw. 
R. Flowers of yellow ladies- 

bedstraw, two drachms. 

Boiling water, two pints. 

Digest for an hour, and strain, 'f o be 
taken in a tepid state, in wineglassful doses, 
as a sedative and antispasmodic, in cere- 
bral affections. Chaussier. 



"Wine of Yellow Ladies-Bedstraw. 

R. Expressed juice of yellow 

ladies-bedstraw, six fl. ounces. 
White wine, one to two fl. ounces. 

Mix. To be taken in epilepsy, as soon as 
indications of an attack manifest them- 
selves. Bories. 



GALLA. 
Galls. 

Galls are morbid excrescences on Quercns 
infecloria, caused by the puncture of a hy- 
menopterous insect, the DiploUpis gallce tinc- 
torial. They come from the Levant ports, 
and present several varieties, the best of 
which are dark colored. They are round, 
hard, solid, brittle, inodorous, and have a 
bitter, very astringent taste. They contain 
tannic and gallic acids. They are power- 
fully astringent. They are more used as 
external applications than as internal reme- 
dies. Dose, ten to thirty grains, several 
times a day. 



Compound Powder of Galls. 



R. Powdered galls, 
" kino, 

each, 
Powdered alum, 

Mix. As a styptic. 



half an ounce, 
two drachms, 

Radius. 



GALLA 



305 



Decoction of Galls. 
R. Galls, half an ounce. 

Water, one pint and a half. 

Boil to a pint, and strain. 

R. Bruised galls, two ounces and 

a half. 

Water, two pints. 

Boil to a pint, and strain. Lond. Ph. 



Infusion of Galls. 
R. Powdered galls, one to two 

drachms. 
Boiling water, one pint. 

Digest for an hour, and strain. Used for 
injections, fomentations, gargles, etc. 

Taddei. 



Compound Infusion of Galls. 

R. Infusion of galls, four fl. ounces. 

Prepared chalk, half an ounce. 

Tincture of opium, half fl. drachm. 

Powdered gum Arabic, one 

drachm. 

Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful every two 

hours. In diarrhoea. Ellis. 



Gargle of Galls. 
R. Infusion of galls, seven fl. ounces. 
Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. As a gargle in relaxation of uvula 
and soft palate. Ellis. 



Lotion of Galls. 
R. Claret wine, one pint. 

Common salt, one drachm. 

Sulphate of iron, two drachms. 
Boil for a few minutes, and add 

Oxide of copper, one drachm. 

Boil for two minutes. Add 

Powdered galls, two drachms. 
This is used to color the hair ; it is to be 
washed with this fluid, dried with a warm 
cloth, and then washed with common water. 

Laforest. 

Aromatic Syrup of Galls. 
R. Bruised galls, four drachms. 

Brandy, eight fl. ounces. 

Powdered cinnamon, 
" mace, 
each, two drachms. 

Digest for two hours, and then burn off the 
brandy, holding some lumps of sugar in the 
20 



flame ; strain ; decant. Dose, a table- 
spoonful every two hours. In obstinate 
chronic diarrhoea. Parrish. 

R. Powdered galls, half a 

troyounce. 
" cinnamon, 

" nutmeg, 

each, two drachms. 

Glycerin, six drachms. 

Syrup, six fl. ounces. 

Brandy, sufficient. 

Obtain from the mixed powders, with 
brandy, six fl. ounces of tincture, add the 
glycerin, evaporate at 125° to three fl. 
ounces, filter, and mix with the syrup. 

D. G. Potts. 



Tincture of Galls. 
R. Galls, in powder, 

No. 50, four troyounces. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by percolation two pints. 

U. S. Ph. 
The tincture of Brit. Ph. is of about the 
same strength. 

R. Bruised galls, one part. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 892, five parts. 
Macerate for a week, express, and filter. 

Ph. Germ. 
A powerful astringent, in doses of one to 
three fl. drachms. 

R. Bruised galls, one pound. 

Water, two pints. 

Macerate twenty-four hours, and add 

Alcohol, two pints. 

Eau de Cologne, six fl. ounces. 
Filter. As an injection, diluted with water, 
in leucorrhoea and gonorrhoea. Gibert. 



Extract of Galls. 
R. Galls, in coarse powder, at will. 
Macerate in sufficient water to cover them 
for twenty-four hours ; then introduce the 
moist mass into a displacer, and act on it 
with water, until the galls are nearly ex- 
hausted ; evaporate the infusion to dryness, 
on a water-bath. 



Ointment of Extract of Galls. 
R. Extract of galls, one drachm. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Triturate the extract with a little water, 
until it is reduced to a uniform syrupy con- 
sistence, then add the lard, and mix tho- 
roughly. D. S. Jones. 



306 



GAMBOGIA 



Ointment of Galls. 

R. Galls, in very fine 

powder, sixty grains. 

Lard, four hundred and twenty 

grains. 
Mix thoroughly. As an application to 
piles, prolapsus ani, and to indolent ulcers. 

U. S. Ph. 

R. Galls, in fine powder, 

eighty grains. 

Benzoinated lard, one ounce. 

Mix thoroughly. Brit. Ph. 



Compound Ointment of Galls. 
R. Ointment of galls, one ounce. 
Powdered opium, thirty-two 

grains. 
Mix thoroughly. This is the ointment of 
galls and opium of Brit. Ph. 
As an application to irritable piles, etc. 

R. Powdered galls, 
Tincture of opium, 

each, two parts. 

Camphor, one part. 

Lard, eight parts. 

Triturate well together. As an application 
to painful piles. Foy. 

R. Finely powdered galls, one scruple. 
Simple cerate, one ounce. 

Essence of lemon, twenty drops. 
Lead water, 
Laudanum, each, forty drops. 

Rub well together. As an application to 
hemorrhoids, after subsidence of inflamma- 
tion. Dewees. 



GAMBOGIA. 

Gamboge. 

This is the gum resin of Garcinia morella, 
var. pedicellata (Garcinia gvtta, Wi^ht), a 
tree growing in Siam and other portions of 
the East Indies. 

Sex. 8yst. Polyand. monog. Nat. 8yst. Clu- 
siacesB. 

Graham, Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 199. Griffith, 
Med. Bot 152. 

Gamboge, also called cambago and gntti, 
is a gum resin, of a yellow-orange color, 
Opaque, brittle, almost inodorous, of an in- 
sipid taste at first, but soon becoming acrid. 
1 1 is a powerful hydragogue and drastic pur- 
gative, but apt 1o produce nausea and vomit- 
ing. Dose, from one to six grains, in pill, 
emulsion, or alkaline solution. 



Compound Powder of Gamboge. 

R. Bitartrate of potassium, 

two drachms. 

Powdered jalap, one drachm. 

" gamboge, six grains. 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One to 

be given every two or three hours, in syrup, 

as a hydragogue purgative. Ellis. 

R. Powdered gamboge, two grains. 
" sulphate of iron, 

six grains. 

" sugar, one scruple. 

Oil of peppermint, three drops. 

Mix. To be taken twice a day, against 
tapeworm. Vogt. 



R 



eacji, 
one 
ounce. 



Compound Pills of Gamboge 

Powdered gamboge, 
" Barbadoes 
aloes, 
Compound powder of 

cinnamon, 
Hard soap, in powder, 

two ounces. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and beat into a uniform mass. Dose, 

five to ten grains. Brit. Ph. 

R. Powdered gamboge, ten grains. 
" guaiacum, 
Blanched almonds, each, 

one drachm. 
Syrup, sufficient. 

Beat together, and form twenty-eight pills. 
Two to four, as a gentle purgative. 

Saunders. 



Alkaline Solution of Gamboge. 
R. Powdered gamboge, one drachm. 
Carbonate of potassium, 

three drachms. 
Water, six fl. drachms. 

Dissolve. Dose, fifteen drops every three 
hours, as a hydragogue in dropsies. 

Van Mons. 



Gamboge Mixture. 
R. Powdered gamboge, four grains. 
Spirit of nitrous ether, 

one fl. drachm. 

Tincture of senna, two fl. drachms. 

Mint water, 

Syrup of buckthorn, 

each, half a fl. ounce. 

Mix. Asa hydragogue purgative, in dropsy, 

especially in hydrothorax. Ferriar. 



GAUL THE HI A. — GELSEMIUM. 



307 



R. Gamboge, two scruples. 

Tartrate of potassium, one ounce. 
White sugar, two drachms. 



Water, 



six ounces. 



Make a solution. As a purgative in ascites. 
A tablespoonful, every two or three hours, 
until it operates. Dewees. 



Gamboge and Elaterin Mixture. 
R. Gamboge, four grains. 

Elaterin, half a grain. 

Sweet spirit of nitre, one ounce. 

Water, four ounces. 

Mix. As a hydragogue purgative, in as- 
cites. A tablespoonful, to be taken every 
two or three hours, until free purgation is 
induced. Dewees. 



Alkaline Tincture of Gamboge. 
R. Gamboge, one part. 

Carbonate of potassium, 

two parts. 

Diluted alcohol, twenty-four parts. 
Digest for some days, and filter. Scherf. 



Ammoniacal Tincture of Gamboge. 

R. Gamboge, thirty-six grains. 

Spirit of ammonia, four fl. ounces. 

Digest for eight days, and filter. Dose, 

one to two fl. drachms. Swediaur. 



GAULTHERIA. 

Partridge Berry. 

The leaves of Gaultheria procumbens, a 
small, indigenous, evergreen plant, found 
in most parts of the United States, in dry, 
sandy situations. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Ericaceae. 

Kalm, Amcen. Acad. iii. 14. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 424. 

These leaves have a peculiar aromatic 
taste and odor, with a little astringency. 
They are stimulant, and somewhat tonic 
and astringent ; and are much used in the 
form of tea, in howel diseases, and as an 
emmenagogue. 



Oil of Partridge Berry. 
R. Leaves of partridge berry, 

at will. 
"Water, sufficient. 

Distil, and collect the oil that passes. 

U. S. Ph. 
Principally used to flavor mixtures, etc. 
In large doses, is poisonous. Dissolved in 
diluted alcohol, is in common use as a car- 
minative and stimulant. 



Partridge-Berry "Water. 

R. Oil of partridge berry, 

sixteen drops. 
Carbonate of magnesium, 

one drachm. 
Water, one pint. 

Triturate the oil, magnesia, and a little of 
the water together, then add the rest of 
the water, and filter. 



GELSEMIUM. 

Yellow Jasmine. 

G. sempervirens is indigenous in the south- 
ern portion of this country ; it is a high 
climbing shrub with opposite and entire 
ovate-lanceolate shining leaves, and showy, 
yellow, fragrant flowers. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monogyn. Nat. Syst. 
Loganiaceje. 

The root is the officinal part ; it comes in 
pieces varying in length and thickness, and 
consisting of a hard, woody central portion 
covered with a brownish-gray bark ; the 
latter has a persistent aromatic odor, and a 
balsamic and bitter taste. It contains an 
alkaloid, gelseminia, which is probably the 
active ]irinciple, and a peculiar crystalliz- 
able acid called gelseminic acid. It is a 
nervous and arterial sedative, poisonous in 
overdoses, and has been recommended in 
pneumonia, pleurisy, neuralgia, intermit- 
tent and yellow fever. Dose, three to ten 
grains, usually in the form of tincture or 
fluid extract. 



Tincture of Yellow Jasmine. 

R. Powdered yellow jasmine 

root, four troyounces. 

Diluted alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. 

Macerate for two weeks, and filter. Dose, 
twenty to forty drops. 

Maryland Coll. Ph. 



Fluid Extract of Yellow Jasmine. 

R. Yellow jasmine, in powder, 

N-o. 80, sixteen troyounces. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of 
alcohol, pack in a percolator, add twelve fl. 
ounces of alcohol, and macerate for four 
days; then with alcohol displace twenty- 
four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, 
evaporate the remaining tincture to two fl. 
ounces, and mix with reserved portion. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, three to five minims, gradually in- 
creased. 



308 



GENTIANA. 



GENTIANA. 
Gentian. 

The roots of several species of gentian are 
used in medicine ; but that which is most 
generally recognized as officinal is Gentiana 
lutea, a tall, perennial plant, native of the 
mountains of Europe. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Gen- 

Linn. Sp. PI. 329. Griffith, Med. Bot. 460. 

The root is of a grayish-brown color ex- 
ternally, and yellowish within ; it has a 
slightly sweetish, but extremely bitter taste, 
residing in a principle called gentiopicrin, 
and a faint but peculiar odor. It is a pure 
and simple bitter tonic, with no astringency. 
The dose of the powder is from ten to forty 
grains, but is seldom given in this form. 
The principle formerly called gentianin is 
crystallizable gentisic acid, having a yellow 
color. 

The root of G. Catesbcei, of this country, is 
sometimes used like the preceding. 



Compound Powder of Gentian. 
R. Powdered gentian, ) each, 
" cascarilla, v one 

" orange-peel, ) drachm. 

Peppermint sugar, three drachms. 
Mix. Dose, thirty grains, several times a 
day, as a stomachic. Augustin. 



Extract of Gentian. 
R. Gentian, in powder, 

No. 40, twelve troyounces. 

Water, sufficient. 

Exhaust the powder by means of displace- 
ment. Boil the liquid to three-fourths of 
its bulk, strain, and evaporate to proper 
consistence. U. S. Ph. and Paris Codex. 
The process of Ph. Germ, is similar, 
maceration and expression being directed 
in place of percolation. 

B. Gentian, sliced, one pound. 

Boiling distilled water, 

ten pounds. 
Infuse for two hours, boil for fifteen min- 
utes, pour off", press, and strain ; then evap- 
orate to the proper consistence. Brit. Ph. 
Dose, ten to thirty grains, as a tonic; 
also as a basis for various metallic pills. 



Compound Gentian Pills. 

B. Powdered aloes, one drachm. 

Extract of gentian, half a drachm. 

Oil of caraway, ten drops. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and form pills of four grains. 
Two or three for a dose, as a purgative, 

Ellis. 



Extract of gentian. 
Powdered rhubarb, 
Soap, 
Water, 



equal parts. 



sufficient. 



Beat into mass, and form four grain pills. 
Tonic and laxative. Fulda Dis. 



Fluid Extract of Gentian. 

R. Gentian, in powder, 

No. 40, sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, three fl. ounces. 

Water, five fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with 
four fl. ounces of the mixture, pack into a 
percolator, add the remaining liquid, and 
macerate for four days ; then, with diluted 
alcohol, percolate twenty-four fl. ounces, re- 
serving the first fourteen ; add to the re- 
mainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate 
to two fl. ounces, and mix with the reserved 
portion. U. S. Ph. 



Infusion of Gentian. 
R. Contused gentian, one drachm. 
Cold water, twenty-five ounces. 
Infuse for four hours, and strain. 

Paris Codex. 



Compound Infusion of Gentian. 

R. Gentian, in powder, 

No. 40, half a troyounce. 

Bitter orange-peel, in powder, 

No. 40, 
Coriander, in powder, 

No. 40, each, sixty grains. 

Alcohol, two fl. ounces. 

Water, fourteen fl. ounces. 

Moisten the powders with three fl. drachms 

of the mixed liquids, pack firmly into a 

percolator, add the remaining mixture, and 

finally water to obtain one pint. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, a fl. ounce, as a tonic. 

A preparation scarcely differing from the 

foregoing is now called Gentian Mixture 

by the Brit. Ph. 

R. Gentian, sliced, 

Bitter orange-peel, cut, 

each, sixty grains. 

Fresh lemon-peel, cut, a quarter 

ounce. 

Boiling distilled water, ten 

fl. ounces. 

Infuse for an hour, and strain. Brit. Ph. 
Weaker than the preceding. Dose, one 
to two fl. ounces. 



GEKTIANA 



309 



R. Bruised gentian, 

" calamus, each, one ounce. 
Centaury, six drachms. 

Rosemary, two drachms. 

Boiling water, four pints. 

Infuse for twelve hours, and strain. Used 
as an emmenagogue, in doses of three 
ounces, twice a day. Spielmann. 



Infusion of Gentian with Rhubarb. 

R. Bruised gentian, one drachm. 

" rhubarb, two drachms. 

Boiling water, twelve fl. ounces. 

Macerate for an hour, strain, and add 

Carbonate of ammonium, two 

scruples. 

Dose, one to two fl. ounces, in dyspepsia, 
chronic rheumatism, etc. 

Steph. and Church. 



Mixture of Gentian. 

R. Carbonate of magnesium, one 

drachm. 
Infusion of gentian, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. A wineglassful three times a day, 
as an antilithic, where uric acid abounds. 

Brande. 
See also Compound infusion of gentian. 

R. Extract of gentian, two drachms. 
Carbonate of potassium, two 

scruples. 
Mint water, five fl. ounces. 

Tincture of orange-peel, five fl. 

drachms. 
Sugar, one ounce. 

Mix. A spoonful three times a day, as a 
stomachic and carminative. Berends. 



Concentrated Infusion of Gentian. 



R. Gentian, in powder, 

Orange-peel, " 
Coriander, " 



two troy- 
ounces. 

each, half a 

troj^ounce. 

sufficient. 



Diluted alcohol, 

Make a pint of tincture by percolation. 
For compound infusion of gentian add four 
fl. ounces of this tincture to twelve fl. 
ounces of water. Thus made, it contains 
the proper proportion of alcohol, and is of 
officinal strength in gentian, orange-peel, 
and coriander. Shinn. 



Wine of Gentian. 
R. Gentian, bruised, three parts. 

Alcohol, of 60 pr. ct., six parts. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, and add 
French red wine, one hundred 

parts. 
Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 
Paris Codex. 



R 



to 



Ferrate d Elixir of Gentian. 

Pyrophosphate of iron, two 

hundred and fifty-six grains. 
Water, two fl. ounces. 

Curacoa cordial, six fl. ounces. 
Fluid extract of gentian, two 
fl. ounces. 
Sherry wine, sufficient 

make one pint. Dose, one to two tea- 



spoonfuls. 



W. B. Thompson. 



Compound Wine of Gentian. 

R. Gentian, coarsely 

powdered, half an ounce. 

Yellow bark, coarsely 

powdered, one ounce. 

Orange-peel, two drachms. 

Canella, in coarse powder, one 

drachm. 

Proof spirit, four fl. ounces 

and a half. 

Sherry wine, thirty-six fl. ounces. 

Digest the root and barks in the spirit for 
twenty-four hours; add wine, digest for 
seven days, express, strain, and filter. 

Ed. Ph. 
A stomachic bitter, in doses of four to 
eight fl. drachms. 



Syrup of Gentian. 

R. Bruised gentian, one part. 

Boiling water, sufficient. 

Macerate for six hours, express, strain, and 
obtain ten parts of infusion ; add 

Sugar, nineteen parts. 

Dissolve. Dose, a teaspoonful to a table- 
spoonful. Paris Codex. 



Syrup of Extract of Gentian. 
R. Aqueous extract of 

gentian, two drachms. 

Water, eight fl. ounces. 

Sugar, sixteen ounces (avoir.). 

Dissolve the extract in the water, add the 
sugar, and form a syrup with a gentle heat, 
and strain. W. Procter, 



310 



GERANIUM. 



Tincture of Gentian. 
R. Gentian, one part. 

Alcohol, of 60 pr. ct., five parts. 
Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 
Dose, one to two fl. drachms. 

Paris Codex and Ph. Germ. 



Acidulated Tincture of Gentian. 
R. Compound tincture 

of gentian, four fl. ounces. 

Elixir of vitriol, half fl. drachm. 

Mix. A teaspoonful, in sugar and water, 

three or four times a day. Ellis. 



Compound Tincture of Gentian. 
R. Gentian, in powder, 

No. 50, two troyounces. 

Orange-peel, in powder, 

No. 50, one troy ounce. 

Cardamom, in powder, 

No. 50, half a frrxtyounce. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement two pints. 

The corresponding tincture of Brit. Ph. 
is about one-seventh stronger. 

An excellent bitter tonic, in dose of one 
to two fl. drachms. 



Ammoniacal Tincture of Gentian. 
R. Bruised gentian, one ounce. 

Carbonate of 

ammonium, two drachms. 

Diluted alcohol, two pints. 

Macerate the root in the alcohol for eight 
days, filter, and add the ammonia. Dose, 
one to four fl. drachms, in scrofula. 

Taddei. 



Alkaline Tincture of Gentian. 
R. Bruised gentian, ten parts. 

Carbonate of sodium, three parts. 
Alcohol, of 

CO per ct., three hundred parts. 

Macerate for ten days, and filter. Used in 
same cases, and same doses, as the former. 
This is the Compound tincture of gen- 
tian of Paris Codex. 



Mixture of Tincture of Gentian. 
R. Tincture of gentian, one fl. ounce 

and a half. 

Tincture of rhubarb, 
" cinnamon, 

each, half fl. ounce. 
" opium, ten drops. 



Mix. A dessertspoonful every hour, in 
diarrhoea. Foy. 

R. Extract of gentian, 
" cascarilla, 

each, two drachms. 

Peppermint water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. In spoonful doses, as a tonic and 

stomachic. St. Marie. 



Gentian and Sulphuric Acid Mixture. 
R. Compound infusion 

of gentian, five fl. ounces. 

Compound tincture 



of gentian, 
Diluted sulphuric 
acid, 



one fl. ounce. 



one fl. drachm. 



Mix. A tablespoonful, three times a day, 
in dyspepsia. Brande. 



GERANIUM. 
Cranesbill. 

This is the rhizome of Geranium macula- 
turn, a native, perennial plant, found, in 
most parts of the country, in woods and 
shady places. 

Sex. Syst. Monadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. 
Geraniaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 955. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
209. 

The root is in small rough pieces, of a 
dark-brown color externally, and flesh- 
colored within. It is inodorous ; the taste 
is astringent, but not bitter. The dose is 
from ten to thirty grains, as an astringent, 
in all cases in which kino or rhatany is 
found useful. 



Decoction of Geranium. 

R. Geranium, one ounce. 

Water, one pint and a half. 

Boil down to a pint. Dose, from one to 

two fl. ounces. Wood. 



Aromatic Syrup of Geranium. 
R. Powdered geranium, three 

troyounces. 

" cinnamon, sixty grains. 

u cloves, 

" nutmeg, each, thirty 

grains. 
Sugar, eight troyounces. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain from the mixed aromatics by per- 
colation half a fl. ounce, and from the ge- 
ranium one pint of tincture ; evaporate the 
latter to four fl. ounces, filter, dissolve in it 
the sugar, strain, and add the aromatic 
tincture. 

Dose, a teaspoonful. 



D. G. Potts. 



GEOFFROYA INEEMIS. G-EUM. 



311 



Fluid Extract of Geranium. 
R. Geranium, in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, three fluid ounces. 

Water, five fluidounces. 

Alcohol, eight fluidounces. 

Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with 
four fl. ounces of the mixture, pack into a 
percolator, add the remaining liquid, and 
macerate for four days. Then with diluted 
alcohol displace twenty-four fluidounces, 
reserving the first fourteen, add to the re- 
mainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate 
to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved 
portion. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, ten to thirty minims. 



Extract of Geranium. 
R. Bruised geranium 

root, one pound. 

Water, one gallon. 

Boil down to one-half, strain, and evapo- 
rate to due consistence. This extract is 
very similar to that of Rhatany, and may 
be given in the same cases and in the same 



GEOFFROYA INERMIS. 

Cabbage-Tree Bark. 

The Cabbage-Tree is a native of the West 
India Islands ; it is a large tree, having a 
smooth, gray bark. 

Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. 
Fabacese. 

Linn. Sp. PL 1043. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
247. (Andira.) 

The bark is in long, fibrous pieces, of a 
brownish-ash-color externally, and yellow- 
ish within ; it has a resinous fracture, an 
unpleasant odor, and a sweetish, mucilagi- 
nous, bitterish taste. It is a powerful vermi- 
fuge, in doses of a scruple to half a drachm. 
The best form of administration is in syrup. 



Decoction of Cabbage-Tree Bark, 

R. Cabbage-tree bark, one ounce. 

Water, two pints. 

Boil down to one pint, and strain. Dose, 

one to two fl. ounces. Ellis. 



Extract of Cabbage-Tree Bark. 
R. Cabbage-tree bark, one part. 

Water, eight parts. 

Boil for a quarter of an hour, strain ; add 
four parts of water, boil, and strain ; evapo- 
rate the united decoctions to a proper con- 
sistence. Dose, three grains. Belg. Ph. 



Mixture of Cabbage-Tree Bark. 

R. Cabbage-tree bark, half an ounce. 
Water, six ounces. 

Boil for half an hour, strain, and add 
Tincture of cabbage-tree 

bark, one ounce. 

Syrup of orange, 

peel, half an ounce. 

A tablespoonful, morning and evening. 

Niemann. 



GEUM. 

AVENS. 



1. GEUM BIYALE. 
Water Avens. 

This plant is a native of Europe and the 
United States, in wet, boggy situations. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Rosa- 
cese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 717. English Bot. 1, 106. 

Root reddish or purplish, hard and brittle, 
inodorous, of an astringent, bitterish taste. 
It is tonic and astringent, and has been 
used advantageously in passive hemor- 
rhages, leucorrhcea, etc. The dose, in 
powder, is from a scruple to a drachm, 
three times a day. 



R 



Decoction of Water Avens. 

Water avens root, one ounce. 

Water, oue pint and a half. 

Boil down to a pint, and strain. To be 
given in doses of one or two fl. ounces. 



2. GEUM YIRGINIANUM. 
White Avens. 

Also a native of the United States, grow- 
ing in woods and along streams. Elowers 
small and white. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 719. Griffith, Med. Bot. 279. 

The root is of a brown color, somewhat 
aromatic, and of a bitterish, astringent taste. 
It has the same properties as the G. Rivale, 
and is given in the same cases and doses. 



3. GEUM URBANUM. 

Avens. 

A native of Europe, growing in woods 
and waste places. The flowers are small, 
and of a yellow color. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 716. Eng. Bot. i. 1400. 

The root called clove root in Europe, con- 



312 



GILLEXIA. GLYCERIC A. 



sists of a short caudex with many long 
fibres. "When fresh, it has somewhat the 
odor of cloves, but when dry, is almost in- 
odorous. The taste is bitter and astringent. 
Like the other species, it is tonic and as- 
tringent. 



Compound Powder of Avens. 

R. Powdered avens root, 
" gum Arabic, 



each, three drachms. 



kino, 
cinnamon, 



each. 



one drachm, 
half an ounce. 



sugar, 

Mix. A teaspoonful every two or three 
hours, in diarrhoea. Vogel. 



Mixture of Avens. 

R. Bruised avens, one ounce. 

Water, twelve fl. ounces. 

Boil to eight ounces, and to the strained 
cold decoction, add 

Extract of avens, two drachms. 
Sulphuric ether, one drachm. 

Mix. Two spoonfuls every two hours. 
As a febrifuge. Radius. 



GILLENIA. 

Indian Physic. 

This is the root of Gillenia trifoliata and G. 
stipulacea, native herbaceous plants, found 
in most parts of the country, in shady and 
rather marshy situations. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. pentag. Nat. Syst. Bosa- 
ceae. 

Mcench, Sp. PI. 286. Grifiith, Med. Bot. 
282. 

The roots are about as thick as a quill, 
wrinkled longitudinally, and irregularly un- 
dulated ; a light brown color, and consisting 
of a thick cortical portion, and slender lig- 
neous centre. The bark is of a disagreeable, 
bitter taste. It is a mild and certain emetic, 
and forms a good substitute for ipecacuanha. 
The dose is from twenty to thirty grains, to 
be repeated in half an hour if it does not 
produce the desired effect. 



GLYCERINA. 

Glycerin. 

R. Lend plaster, recently prepared, 
and fluid, 
Boiling water, each, one gallon. 

Mix, stir briskly for fifteen minutes, cool, 

and pour off the supernatant liquid. Eva- 
porate this to the sp. gr. 1.15, and pass a 

current of sulphuretted hydrogen slowly 



through it while a black precipitate is 
thrown down. Filter, boil, and evaporate 
until the liquid ceases to lose weight. 

U. S. Ph. 1850. 

In a pure state it is a nearly colorless, vis- 
cid fluid, and is uncrystallizable. Sp. gr. 1.25. 

Glycerin is now made by decomposing fats 
and distilling by steam under high pressure. 

It has been used with success in lotions, 
poultices, baths, etc., to render them emol- 
lient and soothing; in diseases of the skin, 
as pityriasis, impetigo, chapped hands, nip- 
ples, face, etc. 



Lotion of Glycerin. 

R. Glycerin, one fl. drachm. 

Borax, ten grains. 

Rose water, seven fl. drachms. 

Mix. Used as a lotion in lichen, three 

times a day ; also in chapped hands. 

Clymer. 



Glycerin Ointment. 

R. Spermaceti, half an ounce. 

White wax, one drachm. 

Oil of almonds, two fl. ounces. 

Glycerin, one fl. ounce. 

Melt the wax and spermaceti with the oil 
of almonds at a moderate heat, add the 
glycerin, and rub until well mixed and cold. 
Used to protect and soothe inflamed sur- 
faces. J. H. Ecky. 

R. White wax, 

Spermaceti, each, 



one ounce 

and a half. 

five ounces. 

one fl. ounce. 



Lard, 

Glycerin, 

Melt the wax and spermaceti, add the lard 
and stir till the mixture thickens, then add 
the glycerin and mix thoroughly. 

Used as a substitute for spermaceti 
cerate. J. Laidley. 



Glycerin of Starch. 
R. Starch, one ounce. 

Glycerin, eight fl. ounces. 

Rub together in a porcelain dish, heat 
gradually to 240°, constantly stirring until 
a translucent jelly is formed. Brit. Ph. 

R. Powdered starch, one part. 

Gl3 r cerin, fifteen parts. 

Mis and boat gradually until a gelatinous 
mass results. Paris Codex. 

R. Starch, two parts. 

Distilled water, one part. 
Triturate together, and add 

Glycerin, ten parts. 



GLTCTEEniZA. 



313 



Heat by a water-bath until a diaphanous 
mass results. Ph. Germ. 

This has also been called plasma and 
glycamyl ; by the Codex, glycerate of 
starch; and by the Ph. Germ., glycerin 
ointment. 



Glycerin Paste. 

R. Gum Arabic, one ounce. 

Boiling water, two fl. ounces. 

Glycerin, two fl. drachms. 

Dissolve the gum in the water, add the 
glvcerin, and strain if necessary. 

P. B. Goddard. 



Refined Liquorice. 
R. Commercial liquorice, at will. 

Pack in a suitable vessel alternately with 
| layers of washed straw, cover with cold 
water, macerate for thirty-six hours, draw 
off the clear liquid, repeat the maceration 
until exhausted, and evaporate to the con- 
sistence of an extract. 

This is the purified liquorice juice of 
Ph. Germ. Preferable for mixtures, on 
account of its complete solubility in water, 
to the powdered liquorice. 



GLYCYRKHIZA. 

Liquorice Root. 

Several species of this genus have sweet 
and demulcent roots, but the only officinal 
species of the U. S. Ph. is the G. glabra, a 
native of the south of Europe, and of some 
parts of Asia and Africa, and also success- 
fully cultivated in more northern regions. 

Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. 
Fabacea?. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1046. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
236. 

The root is in long pieces of various thick- 
nesses, of a grayish-brown color externally, 
and yellowish within ; it is inodorous, and. 
of a sweet, mucilaginous taste, with a slight 
degree of acridity. The root of G. echinata, 
which is recognized by several European 
pharmacopoeias, is known in commerce as 
Prussian liquorice root, thicker than the 
former, lighter, .and sweeter, and comes 
usually deprived of the bark. It is an ex- 
cellent demulcent, and is much used in af- 
fections of the mucous membranes, and as 
an addition to the more irritating or nau- 
seous remedies, to abate their acrimony or 
conceal their taste. 



Extract of Liquorice. 

R. Liquorice root, in coarse 

powder, one pound. 

Distilled water, five pounds. 

Macerate the root with one-half the water 
for twelve hours, then with the other half 
for six hours, express, strain, heat to 212°, 
strain, and evaporate by a water-bath to a 
pillular consistence. Brit. Ph. 

Ph. Germ, proceeds nearly in like man- 
ner. Paris Codex exhausts with cold water 
by percolation, and otherwise proceeds as 
above. Other pharmacopoeias recognize 
the commercial extract, which is made on 
the large scale by boiling the root with 
water, straining, and evaporating. 



Liquorice Paste. 

R. Extract of liquorice, one part. 

Gum Arabic, two parts. 

Sugar, one part. 

Water, six parts. 

Dissolve the extract in the water, after- 
wards the gum and sugar ; evaporate to the 
consistence of a pill mass ; roll this into 
thin sheets upon an oiled slab, cut into 
small pieces, and dry. Paris Codex. 

This is the black liquorice paste ; in a 
similar manner is prepared the broivn 
liquorice -paste from the following ingre- 
dients : — 

R. Extract of liquorice, one part. 
Water, twenty-five parts. 

Gum Arabic, fifteen parts. 

Sugar, ten parts. 

Extract of opium, one hundredth 

part. 

In liquorice paste, Ph. Germ., the opium 

is omitted. 



Lozenges of Liquorice. 

R. Extract of liquorice, 

Gum Arabic, each, six ounces. 

Sugar, one pound. 

Dissolve in sufficiency of boiling water, 
evaporate on water-bath, to proper consis- 
tence for lozenges. . Ed. Ph. 



Lozenges of Liquorice and Opium. 
R. Powdered extract of 

opium, twentj^-four grains. 

Powdered liquorice, 

two troyounces. 
" gum Arabic, 

one troyounce. 

" sugar, three troyounces. 

Oil of anise, fifteen minims. 

Mix the powders well, add the oil of anise, 

form mass with water, and divide into four 

hundred and eighty troches. U. S. Ph, 



314 



GOSSYPIUM, 



Each lozenge contains one-twentieth of 
a grain of extract of opium. 

R. Powdered liquorice, } each, 

" gum Arabic, > two 

u sugar, ) drachms. 

w opium, six grains. 

Oil of anise, four drops. 

Mix, and with sufficient water form mass, 
and divide into sixty lozenges. These are 
known as Dr. Wistar's cough lozenges. 

Ellis. 
Both the above are demulcent and ano- 
dyne, and are well suited to allay cough, 
where opium is permissible. 



Compound Liquorice Powder. 
R. Liquorice root, 

Senna, each, two parts. 

Fennel, 

Purified sulphur, each, one part. 

Sugar, six parts. 

Mix the powders thoroughly. Ph. Germ. 
A mild aperient and demulcent. 



Fluid Extract of Liquorice Root. 
R. Liquorice root, in powder, 

No. 60, sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, three fl. ounces. 

Water, five fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with 
four fl. ounces of the mixture, pack into a 
percolator, add the remaining mixture, and 
macerate for four days. Then displace 
with diluted alcohol twenty-four fl. ounces, 
reserving the first fourteen, add to the re- 
mainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate 
to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved 
portion. • U. S. Ph. 



Mixture of Liquorice. 
R. Powdered liquorice, one drachm. 
Chamomile water, one fl. ounce. 
Syrup of mallow, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. In spoonful doses, to allay cough. 

Foy. 



Compound Mixture of Liquorice. 
R. Powdered liquorice, ~\ each, 

" gum Arabic, v half an 

Sugar, ) ounce. 

Paregoric, two fl. ounces. 

Antimonial wine, one fl. ounce. 
Spirit, of nitrous 

ether, half a fl. ounce. 

"Water, twelve fl. ounces. 



Eub the liquorice, gum, and sugar with the 
water gradually poured on them ; then add 
the other ingredients and mix. U. S. Ph. 

R. Powdered liquorice, 

" gum Arabic, 

each, two drachms. 

Boiling water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix, and dissolve, then add 
Spirit of nitrous ether, 
Antimonial wine, 

each, one fl. drachm. 

Tincture of opium, 

forty to fifty drops. 
A tablespoonful occasionally, in catarrh. 

Ellis. 
These mixtures are well known under 
the name of Brown mixture. 



Syrup of Liquorice Root. 
R. Cut Russian liquorice 

root, four parts. 

Water, eighteen parts. 

Macerate over night, express, boil, strain, 
and evaporate to obtain after filtration 
seven parts. Add 

Refined sugar, 
Clarified honey, each, 

twelve parts. 

Dissolve. A pleasant addition to expecto- 
rant and demulcent mixtures. Ph. Germ. 



Compound Syrup of Liquorice. 

R. Liquorice root, two ounces. 

Maidenhair, one ounce. 

Hyssop, half an ounce. 

Water, two pints. 

Infuse for twenty-four hours, boil to one- 
half, and add to strained decoction, 

Honey, eight ounces. 

Sugar, sixteen ounces. 

Rose water, four fl. ounces. 

Make a syrup. As a cough mixture in 
spoonful doses. Spielmann. 



GOSSYPIUM. 

Cotton 

Is the down or hair attached to the seeds 
of Qo88ypium herbaceum, and other species 
of the genus. It consists of fine, white fila- 
ments, having neither odor nor taste, and is 
insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, the oils, 
etc., but is soluble in strong alkaline solu- 
tions. 

Sex. 8yst. Monadelph. polyand. Nat. Syst. 
Malvaceai. 



GOSSYPII EADICIS CORTEX 



315 



Linn. Sp. PI. 845. Griffith, Med. Bot. 162. 

It is principally used for the fabrication 
of cloth, hut is also employed in medicine, 
as an application to recent burns and scalds, 
to erysipelas, and to parts affected with 
rheumatism. It should be applied in the 
form of thin sheets. The seeds furnish 
much oil. 



Pyroxylon. 
(Soluble Gun Cotton.) 

R. Cotton freed from im- 
purities, half a tro} T ounce. 
Nitric acid, three troyounces 
and a half. 
Sulphuric acid, four troyounces; 
Mix the acids gradually, reduce the tem- 
perature to 90°, add the cotton, imbue it 
thoroughly with the acid, and macerate for 
fifteen hours ; then wash it thoroughly, first 
with much cold water, afterwards with hot 
water, drain and dry. 

If acids of the officinal strength cannot be 
obtained, use for the cotton 

Nitric acid, sp.gr. 1.382 

to 1.390, four troyounces. 

Sulphuric acid, sp. gr. 

1.833, ten troyounces, 

and proceed as above. 

U. S. Ph, and Ph. Germ. 



R. Cotton, 



one ounce. 



Sulphuric acid, 

Nitric acid, each, five fl. ounces. 
Mix the acids in a mortar, immerse the 
cotton, stir it well for three minutes, wash 
and dry as directed above. Brit. Ph. 

R. Cotton, one part. 

Nitric acid, ten parts. 

Sulphuric acid, twenty parts. 

Mix the acids, cool to 86°, immerse the 
cotton, macerate for one or two days at a 
temperature below 95°, wash, and dry. 

Paris Codex. 



Collodion. 

R. Pyroxylon, two hundred grains. 

Stronger ether, twelve fl. ounces 

and a half. 

Stronger alcohol, three fl. ounces 

and a half. 

Dissolve the gun cotton in the mixed 

liquids. JJ. S. Ph. 

R. Pyroxylon, one ounce. 

Ether, thirty-six fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Brit. Ph. 



Flexible Collodion. 

R. Collodion, a pint. 

Canada turpentine, three hundred 

and twenty grains. 

Castor oil, one hundred and 

sixty grains. 

Mix. U. S. Ph. 

R. Collodion, six fl. ounces. 

Canada balsam, one hundred and 
twenty grains. 



Castor oil. 



Mix. 



one fl. drachm. 
Brit. Ph. 



R. Gun cotton, 
Castor oil, each, 
Stronger alcohol, 



seven parts, 
twenty-two 
parts. 
" ether, sixt3 T -four parts. 

Dissolve and mix. Paris Codex. 

These preparations are much used in 
dressing wounds, the film left after the 
evaporation of the liquid uniting the edges 
of the wound and preserving it from con- 
tact with the air. The former preparation 
leaves a strongly contractile film, which is 
liable to crack. 



GOSSYPII RADICIS CORTEX. 
Bark of Cotton Root. 

Obtained from Gossypium herbaceum. The 
root is considered to be an active emmena- 
gogue, which property resides in the bark. 



Decoction of Cotton Root. 
R. Cotton root, four ounces. 

one quart. 



Water, 



Boil down to a pint. Said to be as effectual 
as ergot in promoting uterine contraction. 
Dose, a wineglassful every twenty or thirty 
minutes. Bouchelle. 



Fluid Extract of Cotton Root Bark. 

R. Cotton-root bark, in powder 

No. 80, sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, three fl. ounces. 

Water, five fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with 
five fl. ounces of the mixture, pack into a 
percolator, add the remaining liquid, and 
macerate four days. Then, with diluted 
alcohol displace twenty-four fl. ounces, re- 
serving the first fourteen, add to the re- 
mainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate 
to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved 
portion. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, ten to thirty minims. 



316 



GEANATUM. — GRATIOLA. 



GRANATUM. 
Pomegranate. 

The Punica c/ranatvm, a small tree, a na- 
tive of, and cultivated in warm climates, 
and much esteemed for its subacid fruit, af- 
fords two articles employed medicinally, the 
rind of the fruit, and the bark of the root. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Myr- 

Linn. Sp. PI. 676. Griffith, Med. Bot. 294. 

The rind, as found in the shops, is in frag- 
ments of a dry, hai'd, brittle consistence ; of 
a yellowish or reddish-brown color, inodor- 
ous, and of an astringent, somewhat bitter 
taste. The bark of the root is in small 
pieces, of an ash-gray or yellowish color, 
externally, yellow within ; brittle, with 
scarcely any odor, and an astringent, but 
not bitter taste. The rind is a good astrin- 
gent, in doses of ten to thirty grains ; and 
the bark of the root, an efficient vermifuge, 
especially in a fresh, or recently-dried state. 



Decoction of Pomegranate Rind. 
R. Pomegranate rind, two ounces. 
Distilled water, a pint and a half. 
Boil to a pint, and strain. Lond. Ph. 

Dose, one fl. ounce. As an astringent. 



Gargle of Pomegranate Rind. 
R. Pomegranate rind, half an ounce. 



Red roses, 
Boiling water, 
Infuse, strain, and add 
Clarified honey, 
Alum, 



two drachms, 
six fl. ounces. 

one fl. ounce, 
two drachms. 



Used as a gargle, in inflammation of the 
fauces and throat. Ellis. 



Injection of Pomegranate Rind. 
R. Pomegranate rind, one part. 

Water, thirty-two parts. 

Boil away one-half. B6ral. 



Decoction of Pomegranate Root. 
R. Bark of pomegranate 

root, two ounces. 

Water, two pints. 

Boil to a pint, and strain. Dose, one to 
two fluidounces. As a vermifuge, in cases 
of taenia. Brit. Ph. 



Extract of Pomegranate Root. 
R. Bark of pomegranate root, at will. 



Diluted alcohol, 



sufficient. 



Macerate fora week, distil off the alcohol, 
and evaporate the residue to proper con- 
sistence. ISoubciran. 



Electuary of Extract of Pomegranate 
Root. 

R. Extract of pomegranate 

root, six drachms. 

Gum tragacanth, sufficient. 

Lemon juice, two fl. ounces. 

Linden water, three fl. ounces. 
Mix. One-half to be taken, and half an 
hour afterwards the remainder. Radius. 



Mixture of Extract of Pomegranate 
Root. 

R. Extract of pomegranate 



root, 



six drachms. 

/ each, 

f two fl. ounces. 



Lemon juice, 

Mint water, 

Linden water, 
Mix. One-fourth to be taken every quarter 
of an hour. Radius. 



Bolus of Pomegranate Root. 
R. Powdered bark of pome- 



granate root, 



one drachm. 



Powdered red Peruvian 

bark, two drachms. 

Copaiba, sufficient. 

Mix, and form twelve boluses. One, morn- 
ing and evening, in chronic mucous dis- 
charges. Radius. 

R. Powdered bark of pome- 
granate root, one drachm. 

Assafeticla, half a drachm. 

Croton oil, four drops. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and make fifteen boluses. Five a day, 
in the treatment of taenia. Foy. 



GRATIOLA. 

Hedge Hyssop. 

Most, of the species of this genus have ac- 
tive properties, but only one of them has 
been employed in medicine ; theCr. officinalis 
of Europe. A native species, the G. aurea, 
is possessed of identical properties, which, 
in both cases, depend on the presence of 
yratiolin. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Scroph- 
ulariacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 24. Griffith, Med. Bot, 518. 

The whole plant is used; it is almost in- 
odorous, but lias a bitter, nauseous taste. 
It, is a drastic cathartic and emetic, with 
some diuretic properties. It has been stated 
that it forms I he basis of the Kan medicinale 
</(> Hu880n. The dose of the powder is from 
ten to twenty grains. 



GUAIACUM. 



317 



Extract of Hedge Hyssop. 
R. Fresh hedge hyssop, twenty 

parts. 

Bruise in a stone mortar, adding some water, 
express, evaporate to two parts, mix with 
equal weight of alcohol, filter, and evapo- 
rate. Dose, one to ten grains. Ph. Germ. 



Compound Powder of Hedge Hyssop. 

R. Powdered hedge hyssop, two 

scruples. 

Calomel, five grains. 

Assafetida, half a drachm. 

Oil of peppermint, three drops. 

Mix, and divide into two powders. One to 

be taken every three hours, in taenia. 

Augustin. 



Wine of Hedge Hyssop. 

R. Dried herb of hedge 

hyssop, one ounce. 

Contused root of hedge 

hyssop, half an ounce. 

White wine, sixteen fl. ounces. 

Macerate for eight days, with a gentle heat, 
and strain. A tablespoonful at bedtime, 
drinking after it half a pint of beef-tea. If 
necessary, repeat next evening. Perkins. 
Said to be the original recipe for the 
Eau mtdicinale. 



GUAIACUM. 

GUAIACUM. 



The Guaiacum officinale, a large tree, a na- 
tive of the West Indies and some parts of 
South America, affords two medicinal pro- 
ducts ; the wood and resin. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Zy- 
gophyllacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 546. Griffith, Med. Bot. 203. 

The wood {lignum vitce) is very hard, of a 
greenish-brown color, of a bitterish, some- 
what acrid taste, and of a faint smell, except 
when heated. The resin is of a greenish, or 
dark-olive color, of a feeble odor, and of an 
acrid taste. They both are stimulant and 
alterative, and have been much used in 
chronic rheumatism, gout, obstinate cuta- 
neous affections, amenorrhcea, etc. The 
dose of the resin is from ten to thirty grains. 



Wood Species.— Wood Tea. 

R. Rasped guaiacum, four parts. 
Root of Ononis spinosa, 
Burdock, each, two parts. 

Liquorice root, 
Sassafras root, each, one part. 



Cut them separately, then mix. Ph. Germ. 
Used as an alterative. 



Compound Decoction of Guaiacum 
Wood. 

R. Guaiacum shavings, three ounces. 

Raisins, two ounces. 

Sassafras root, rasped, 

Liquorice root, bruised, 

each, one ounce. 

Water, eight pints. 

Boil the guaiacum and raisins in the water, 
down to five pints, adding the other ingre- 
dients, towards the close of the operation. 
Strain. Ed. Ph. 

This is the old decoction of the woods. 
From one to two pints may be taken, 
during the day, in divided doses, as an al- 
terative in chronic rheumatism and cuta- 
neous dieases. 

R. Rasped guaiacum wood, two 

drachms. 
Water, sufficient 

to obtain one pint of strained decoction. 
After an hour's boiling, add 

Wine of colchicum seed, two 

drachms. 

A wineglassful every two hours, in chronic 
pains of the joints. Radius. 



Extract of Guaiacum Wood. 
R. Powdered guaiacum wood, at will. 
Exhaust with boiling water, by means of a 
displacement apparatus, and evaporate. 

Van Mons. 



Oil of Guaiacum Wood. 

R. Guaiacum wood, at will. 

Distil on a sand-bath, separate the oil, and 
rectify it. Dose, four to five drops, in 
gonorrhoea ; also as a friction in rheuma- 
tism. Taddei. 



Compound Oil of Guaiacum. 

R. Oil of guaiacum, three ounces. 

Balsam of Peru, one ounce. 

Ammoniated alcohol, half an 

ounce. 
Mix. In caries of the teeth, and as a 
dressing to malignant ulcers. Swediaur. 



Compound Powder of Guaiacum. 
R. Powdered resin of 

guaiacum, two drachms. 

Cream of tartar, half an ounce. 
Sugar, six drachms. 



318 



GMJAIACTJM 



Mix. Three teaspoonfuls a day, in gout. 

Phoebus. 

B. Powdered resin of guaiacum, 

" nitrate of potassium, 

each, one drachm. 

Powdered ipecacuanha, three 

grains. 
" opium, two grains. 
Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
every three hours, as a stimulating diapho- 
retic in acute rheumatism, after reduction 
of inflammation. Ellis. 



Pills of Guaiacum and Turpentine. 
B. Powdered resin of 

guaiacum, one drachm. 

Venice turpentine, sufficient. 

Mix, and make fifteen pills. One, three 
times a day, in gleet and leucorrhoea. 

Ellis. 



Pills of Guaiacum, Aloes, etc. 
B. Powdered guaiacum 

resin, one drachm. 

Powdered aloes, thirty-six grains. 
" rhubarb, two drachms. 

Canada balsam, sufficient. 

Form mass, and divide into forty-eight 
pills. One, every three hours, as a stimu- 
lating cathartic. Ellis. 



Pills of Guaiacum, Antimony, etc. 
B. Powdered resin of guaiacum, 
Golden sulphuret of 

antimony, each, half a drachm. 

Calomel, ten grains. 

Extract of dandelion, sufficient. 

Form mass, and divide into three-grain 

pills. Three to four, three times a day, in 

painful affections of the joints. 

Hildebrand. 



Pills of Guaiacum, Sulphur, etc. 

B. Powdered resin of 

guaiacum, half an ounce. 

Washed sulphur, one ounce. 

Crude antimony, one drachm 

and a half. 

Ext ract of blessed 

thistle, sufficient. 

Form mass, and make pills of two grains. 
Ten, three times a day, in gout, rheuma- 
tism, aad obstinate cutaneous affections. 

Quarin. 



Mixture with Guaiacum, etc. 

B. Powdered resin of 

guaiacum, two drachms. 

Powdered nitrate of 

potassium, one drachm 

and a half. 

Powdered gum Arabic, one 

drachm. 

Powdered tartar emetic, one grain. 

liquorice, one scruple. 



Distilled or mint water, 



eight 



fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful, three or four times 
a day, in rheumatism, etc. Ellis. 



Guaiacum Mixture. 
B. Resin of guaiacum, 

Sugar, each, half an ounce. 

Powdered gum Arabic, two 

drachms. 

Cinnamon water, one pint. 

Rub the resin with the sugar and gum 

Arabic, and gradually add the cinnamon 

water while rubbing. Brit. Ph. 

One to three tablespoonfuls, two or three 

times a day. 



Mixture of Guaiacum and Bitter- 
sweet. 

B. Powdered resin of 



guaiacum, 



two drachms. 



Powdered gum Arabic, three 

drachms. 

Extract of bittersweet, three 

drachms. 

Syrup of mallow, one fl. ounce. 

Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every three hours, 

in chronic rheumatism. Berends. 



Tincture of Guaiacum. 
Guaiacum resin, in powder, 

No. 40, six troyounces. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Mix guaiacum with an equal bulk of sand, 

pack in a percolator, cover with a layer of 

sand, and obtain by displacement two pints. 

U. S. Ph. 

B. Resin of guaiacum, 

bruised, one part. 

Alcohol, five parts. 

Digest for eight days, and filter. 

Paris Codex and Ph. Germ. 
Dose, one to three fl. drachms, three or 
four times a day, in gout and chronic rheu- 
matism ; to be given in milk or mucilage. 



OUTTA-PEEOHA 



319 



Dewees's Tincture. 
R. Powdered resin of 

guaiacum, four ounces. 

Carbonate of sodium 

or potassium, one drachm 

and a half. 

Powdered pimento, one ounce. 

Diluted alcohol, one pint. 

Digest for a few days. Add volatile spirit 

of ammonia, if required, in proportion of 

one or two drachms to each four ounces of 

tincture. Highly praised in idiopathic 

amenorrhcea, in doses of a teaspoonful, 

three times a day, in milk or wine. 

Dewees. 



Tincture of Guaiacum and Corrosive 
Sublimate. 

R. Resin of guaiacum, 

Canada balsam, each, one 

troyounce. 

Corrosive sublimate, twenty 

grains. 

Oil of sassafras, two drachms. 

Alcohol, half a pint. 

Digest for several days, and filter. Dose, 
ten to twenty minims. Known as tincture 
anticrid. Maryland Coll. Ph. 



Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiacum. 

R. Powdered resin of 

guaiacum, six troyounces. 

Aromatic spirit of 

ammonia, two pints. 

Macerate for seven days, and filter. 

U. S. Ph. 
The tincture of Brit. Ph. is nearly iden- 
tical with this. 

R. Powdered resin of 

guaiacum, three parts. 

Alcohol, ten parts. 

Water of ammonia, five parts. 

Macerate for a week, and filter. Ph. Germ. 

Dose, one to two fl. drachms, two or three 

times a day, in chronic rheumatism. 



Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiacum 
and Copaiba. 

R. Ammoniated tincture 

of guaiacum, one fl. ounce. 

Copaiba, half fl. ounce. 

Mix. A teaspoonful two or three times a 

day, in amenorrhcea with general debility. 

Ellis. 



Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiacum 
and Paregoric. 

R. Ammoniated tincture 

of guaiacum, one fl. ounce. 

Camphorated tincture 

of opium, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. Two teaspoonfuls every two hours, 
in misplaced and retrocedent gout. Ellis. 



Odontalgic Mixture of Guaiacum. 

R . Tincture of guaiacum, six fl. 

drachms. 
Oil of valerian, one fl. ounce. 

Syrup of scurvy grass, 
Compound tincture 

of benzoin, each, two fl. drachms. 
Tincture of opium, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. A teaspoonful mixed with hot water, 
to be held in the mouth, in toothache. 

Carus. 



Mixture of Tincture of Guaiacum and 
Henbane. 

R. Tincture of guaiacum, two fl. 

drachms. 

" henbane, one fl. 

drachm. 

Mix. Twenty to thirty drops, morning 

and evening, in spasm of the stomach and 

neuralgia. Radius. 



GUTTA-PERCHA. 

Gutta-percha. 

It is the hardened milk juice of Isonandr a 
gutta, a ^magnificent tree of the Malayan 
archipela'go, and belonging to the order of 
Sapotacece. Gutta-percha is somewhat re- 
lated to caoutchouc and contains several 
resins, an acid, and casein ; it is hard at the 
ordinary temperature, but softens and be- 
comes plastic and somewhat elastic when 
heated ; its best solvents are chloroform and 
oil of turpentine. It is mostly employed in 
surgery, in the formation of splints, and for 
bougies and pessaries. 



Solution of Gutta-percha. 

R. Gutta-percha in 

thin slices, one troyounce 

and a half. 
Chloroform, seventeen troyounces. 
Carbonate of lead, 

in powder, two troyounces. 



320 



HJEMATOXYLOK. 



Dissolve the gutta-percha, by agitation, in 
twelve troyounces of chloroform, add the 
carbonate previously mixed with the re- 
maining chloroform, agitate occasionally 
for half an hour, set aside for ten days, 



and decant the limpid, colorless or straw- 
colored solution. U. S. Ph. 
It leaves, on evaporation, a tenacious 
film, and is used for similar purposes as 
collodion. 



H. 



H^EMATOXYLON. 

Logwood. 

This is the heart wood of Hcematoxylon 
campeclrianum, a middle-sized tree, a native 
of Campeachy, and naturalized in several 
of the West India Islands. It is principally 
used for dyeing purposes, but is also em- 
ployed in medicine. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Faba- 
ceae. 

Linn. Sp. PL 549. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
252. 

It comes in logs of a dark-yellowish color 
externally, and deep red internally; for med- 
ical use, it is chipped or rasped. It has a 
feeble but peculiar odor, and a sweetish, 
somewhat astringent taste. It is used as a 
mild astringent in chronic diseases and re- 
laxed conditions of the bowels. 



a 



Infusion of Logwood. 

Rasped logwood, half an ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse for two hours, and strain. A table- 
spoonful every two or three hours, in cholera 
and diarrhoea of children. Ellis. 



Decoction of Logwood. 
R. Rasped logwood, one troyounce. 
Water, two pints. 

Boil down to a pint, and strain. IT. S. Ph. 

R. Logwood in chips, one ounce. 
Cinnamon in coarse 

powder, sixty grains. 

Distilled Water, one pint (imper.). 

Boil for ten minutes, adding cinnamon to- 
wards the end, Strain, and add water upon 
strainer to obtain one pint. Brit. Ph. 

A good astringent in diarrhoea, especially 
in children. Dose for an adult, two II. 
ounces ; for a child about two years of age, 
two or three II. drachms, several times a 
day. 



Extract of Logwood. 
R. Rasped logwood, one pound. 

Water, one gallon. 



Boil to four pints, strain while hot, then 
evaporate to proper consistence. 

U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. 
Dose, from ten to thirty grains. 



Electuary of Extract of Logwood. 
R. Extract of logwood, 
" liquorice, 

each, two drachms. 
" Peruvian 

bark, three drachms. 

" cascarilla, one drachm. 

Mucilage of quince-seed, sufficient. 

Mix. A teaspoonful three times a day, in 

chronic diarrhoea, etc. Radius. 



Mixture of Extract of Logwood. 
R. Extract of logwood, three 

drachms. 
Boiling water, seven fl. ounces. 
Dissolve, strain, and add 

Tincture of cinnamon, six fl. 

drachms. 

" catechu, two fl. 

drachms. 

Mix. Dose, one fl. ounce every six hours. 

Beasley. 



R. Extract of logwood, 
Tincture of catechu, 



three 

drachms. 

two fl. 

drachms. 

Water, seven fl. ounces. 

Mix. Two spoonfuls every three or four 

hours. In diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis. 

R. Extract of logwood, three 

drachms. 

Spirit of cinnamon, one fl. ounce 

and a half. 

Water, seven fl. ounces. 

Tincture of kino, two fl. drachms. 

Mix. In the same doses, and in the same 

| diseases, as the last. Swediaur. 



HAMAMELIS. — HELLEBOEUS 



321 



HAMAMELIS. 
Witch Hazel. 

The Hamamelis Virginica is a large native 
shrub, found along streams in most parts of 
the country, presenting several varieties. 

Sex. Syst. Tetrand. digyn. Nat. Syst. 
Haniameliacese. 

Pursh, Fl. Am. i. 116. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 350. 

The parts used are the bark and leaves. 
These are bitter and astringent, leaving a 
sensation of sweetness. They are con- 
sidered sedative, astringent, and tonic, and 
useful in bowel affections and hemorrhages, 
and externally as an application to tumors, 
painful hemorrhoids, etc. They are used 
in infusion, decoction, or poultice. 



HE DEO MA. 

Pennyroyal. 

Hedeoma pulegioides is a small, annual, 
aromatic plant, abundant in most parts of 
the United States, growing in dry, sterile 
situations. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lami- 
aceae. 

Persoon, Synop. ii. 131. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 508. 

The whole plant is used. It has a warm, 
pungent taste, and a powerful aromatic 
odor. It is a stimulating aromatic, used to 
obviate nausea, and relieve flatulence, and 
also, in domestic practice, as an emmena- 
gogue. 



B 



Infusion of Pennyroyal. 

Pennyroyal, two drachms. 

Boiling water, sufficient 

to afford six ounces of strained infusion. 
To be taken freely, in a warm state, at bed- 
time, the feet having been previously bathed 
in hot water, in amenorrhoea. 



Oil of Pennyroyal. 
R. Pennyroyal, at will. 

Water, sufficient 

Distil, and collect the oil. Dose, two to ten 
drops, in flatulent colic and nausea. 



HELENIUM. 

Sneezewort. 

Sneezewort, or Helenium autumnale, is an 
indigenous plant, found in wet situations, 
in most parts of the United States, flower- 
ing in the autumn. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Aste- 
race?e. 

Torrey & Gray, Fl. ii. 384. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 398. 
21 



This plant is almost inodorous, but has a 
bitter, somewhat pungent, acrid taste. It is 
tonic, diaphoretic, and powerfully errhine ; 
this latter property is most developed in the 
flowers, and especially the central florets ; 
these, when powdered, may be used in those 
cases to which errhines are applicable. It 
is said that the plant is poisonous to horses. 



HELIANTHEMUM. 

Frostweed. 

The Helianthemum Canadense is a native 
perennial plant, growing in many parts of 
the United States, in dry, sandy soils. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. Cis- 

Mich. Fl. i. 308. Darlington, Fl. Cest. 313. 

It has little or no odor, but an astringent, 
somewhat aromatic, bitterish taste. It is 
tonic and astringent, and has proved bene- 
ficial in scrofula. 



HELLEBORTTS. 
Black Hellebore. 

Several species of Helleborus are possessed 
of almost identical medical properties, but 
the only one used in this country is H. niger, 
so called on account of the color of its roots. 
It is a native of mountain woods, in many 
parts of Europe, and is cultivated as an 
ornamental flowering plant. H. viridis has 
similar properties and is preferred by Euro- 
pean authorities. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Ba- 
nunculacese. 

Linn. Sp. PL 783. Griffith, Med. Bot. 85. 

The parts used are the rhizome with the 
small fibres or roots, which are about as 
thick as straw, black, and have a somewhat 
nauseous odor and a bitter, unpleasant, acrid 
taste. Black hellebore is a drastic hydra- 
gogue purgative ; having, also, considerable 
emmenagogue powers. The dose in powder 
is from ten to twenty grains, as a purge ; 
two or three grains as an alterative. 



Compound Black Hellebore Pills. 

R. Powdered black hellebore, 

fifteen grains. 
Calomel, five grains. 

Powdered ipecacuanha, three 

grains. 
Syrup of ginger, sufficient. 

Mix, and make four pills. Two to be taken 
every four hours, in dropsy, till full purga- 
tion is caused. Ainslie. 



Extract of Black Hellebore. 

Black hellebore, in powder, 

No. 60, twelve troyounces. 

Alcohol, a pint. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 



322 



HEMIDESMUS. 



Displace first with alcohol, then with diluted 
alcohol, until three pints of tincture have 
been obtained. Evaporate the first pint 
spontaneously to three fl. ounces, and the 
remainder at or below 160° to a syrupy 
consistence ; mix the two portions and 
evaporate at 120° to the proper consistence. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, ten to fifteen grains, as a drastic 
purge. 



Vino-Alcoholic Extract of Black 
Hellebore. 

R. Powdered black hellebore, two 

pounds. 
Carbonate of potassium, half a 

pound. 
Diluted alcohol, eight pints. 

Macerate for twelve hours, express, and 
pour on the residuum, 

White wine, eight pints. 

Digest for twenty-four hours, express, mix 
the two tinctures, and evaporate. 

Cottereau. 
Dose, ten to fifteen grains. 



Compound Pills of Extract of Black 
Hellebore. 

R. Vino-alcoholic extract of 
black hellebore, 
Extract of myrrh, each, two 

ounces. 
Powder of blessed 

thistle, one ounce. 

Beat together, and form pills of one grain. 
Ten to twenty a day, in amenorrhcea, 
dropsy, etc. Radius. 

These pills are much used in Europe, 
under the name of Backer's pills. 

R. Extract of black 
hellebore, 

Assafetida, 

Ammoniac, 

Soap, 

Rhubarb, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and form pills of two grains. 
Dose, tea to twelve, morning and evening, 
as a purgative and cmmenagoguc. 

Augustin. 



each, 
two drachms. 



Tincture of Black Hellebore. 
R. Black helleborej in powder, 

No. 50, four troyounces. 



Diluted alcohol. 



sufficient. 



Obtain by displacement two pints. 



U. S. Ph. 



Used as an emmenagogue, in doses of 
thirty drops to a fl. drachm, night and 
morning, watching its action. 



Mixture with Tincture of Black 
Hellebore. 
R. Tincture of black 

hellebore, half a fl. ounce. 

Tincture of myrrh, one fl. ounce. 
" Spanish flies, 

two fl. drachms. 
Mix. 

Thirty drops, three times a day, in sugar 
and water, as an emmenagogue. 



Compound "Wine of Black Hellebore. 

R. Bruised black hellebore, one ounce. 
u wormwood, a handful. 
White wine, four pints. 

Macerate for three days, express, and filter. 
Two to three spoonfuls in the morning, fast- 
ing. In dropsy. Brunner. 



Ointment of Black Hellebore. 
R. Powdered black 

hellebore, one to two drachms. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. As an application to obstinate her- 
petic eruptions. Soubeiran. 



HEMIDESMUS. 

Indian Sarsaparilla. 

The H. indicus is a native of many parts 
of India. It is a climbing plant, and has 
been long used in the East as an efficient 
medicinal agent ; but was almost unknown 
in Europe, or this country, until about 1819. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. As- 
clepiadacese. 

Brown, Hort. Kev. ii. 75. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 453. 

The root, which is the part used, is long, 
tortuous, rugose, with longitudinal furrows ; 
it is brownish externally, and has a peculiar 
and somewhat aromatic odor, and a bitter- 
ish taste. It has the properties of sarsapa- 
rilla ; and like it, is given in infusion, decoc- 
tion, etc. These are made in the same 
manner as those of sarsaparilla, and given 
in the same doses, and in similar diseases. 



Syrup of Hemidesmus. 
R. Indian sarsaparilla, four ounces. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Sugar, twenty-eight ounces. 

Infuse the root in the water for four hours, 
strain, decant, and dissolve the sugar. The 



HEPATIC A. HIPP O CAST ANUM. 



323 



product should weigh forty-two ounces, and 
have the sp. gr. 1.335. 

Dose, one fl. drachm. Brit. Ph. 



Mixture of Hemidesmus. 

R. Indian sarsaparilla, ten drachms. 
Extract of liquorice, ten grains. 



Distilled water. 



ten fl. ounces. 



Digest for twelve hours, strain, heat to 
180°, and again strain. One-third, three 
times a day. Beasley. 

R. Syrup of hemidesmus, 

five ounces. 
Solution of potassa, 

half to one fl. drachm. 
Orange-flower water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. One fl. ounce, thrice a day, in barley- 
water. For gonorrhoea. Bellinarye. 



Infusion of Hemidesmus. 

two ounces, 
one pint. 

Infuse in a close vessel for twelve hours. 
Dose, a wineglassful. AsKburner. 



R. Indian sarsaparilla, 
Lime water. 



Decoction of Hemidesmus. 

R. Indian sarsaparilla, two ounces. 

Water, one pint and a half. 

Boil down to one pint. To be taken during 

the day, in wineglassful doses. Pereira. 



HEPATICA. 

Liverwort. 

The H. triloba is a small native plant, 
found in most parts of the United States, 
and also in the northern regions of Europe 
and Asia, having three-lobed leaves, and 
presenting two marked varieties : one with 
the lobes of the leaves rounded, the other 
with them acute. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Ra- 
nunculacese. 

Torrey & Gray, Fl. i. 14. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 81. 

The whole herb is used. It is inodorous, 
and has a mucilaginous, slightly astringent 
and bitterish taste. It is a very mild, de- 
mulcent tonic and astringent, and was much 
employed at one time as a deobstruent in 
herpetic affections, and also as a remedy in 
diseases of the lungs. Its powers, however, 
are very slight. It is given in infusion ; to 
be taken freely. 



HERACLEUM. 

Masterwort. 

This is the root of Heracleum lanatum, a 
very large, perennial plant, found in many 
parts of the United States, in waste places. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Api- 
acese. 

Torrey & Gray, Fl. i. 632. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 335. 

The part used is the root ; this resembles 
the parsnip in appearance, but has a rank, 
unpleasant odor, and a pungent, acrid taste. 
It is said to be diuretic, expectorant, and 
antispasmodic, and has proved useful in epi- 
lepsy, attended with a disordered condition 
of the digestive organs, in doses of two or 
three drachms daily. It is also used in 
strong decoction, in dyspepsia with flatu- 
lence and cardialgia. 



HEUCHERA 

Alum Root. 

Most of the species of Heuchera are pos- 
sessed of identical properties, but the only 
one recognized by the U. S. Pharmacopoeia 
is H. Americana. This is an indigenous 
plant, growing in shady, rocky situations, 
in most parts of the country. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Saxi- 
fragaeere. 

Torrey & Gray, Fl. i. 578. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 313. 

The root is rugose, irregular, reddish, 
almost inodorous, and of a strong, styptic 
taste. It is a powerful astringent, and may 
be employed in such cases as require medi- 
cines of this class. 



HIPPOCASTANUM. 

Horse Chestnut. 

The horse chestnut, or JEsculus hippo- 
castanum, is a beautiful and lofty tree, a 
native of the central parts of Asia, but ex- 
tensively cultivated in Europe, and the 
United States. 

Sex. Syst. Heptand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Sapindacese. • 

Linn. Sp. PI. 488. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
213. 

The part used is the bark ; this is light, 
brittle, of a brownish-red externally, of a 
yellow-brown within. It has a somewhat 
aromatic odor, and an astringent, bitter 
taste. It is a somewhat active astringent, 
and has been much praised in intermittent 
fevers. The dose of the powder is two to 
four scruples, every three hours, till an 
ounce and a half is taken. 



Compound Powder of Horse 
Chestnut. 

R. Powdered horse chestnut bark, 
" willow bark, 
each, half an ounce. 



324 



HOEDEUM. 



Powdered gentian 
" calamus 

" cloves 



in, -) 



each, 



two 



Mix. 



drachms. 

Hufeland. 



Decoction of Horse Chestnut Bark. 
R. Horse chestnut 

bark, one ounce and a half. 

Water, thirty u. ounces. 

Boil down to ten ounces, adding towards 
close of operation, 

Liquorice root, one drachm. 

Strain. A cupful every two hours. 

Niemann. 



Compound Decoction of Horse 
Chestnut. 

R. Horse chestnut bark, 

Willow bark, each, half an ounce. 

Calamus, 

Root of water avens, 

each, two drachms. 

Water, sixteen fl. ounces. 

Boil down to one-half. Spielmann. 

R. Horse chestnut 

bark, one ounce and a half. 

Water, eighteen fl. ounces. 

Boil down to one-half, strain, and add 

Ether, one to two drachms. 

Syrup of orange-peel, one ounce. 

Mix. To be used during the apyrexia. 

Phoebus. 



Extract of Horse Chestnut. 
R. Horse chestnut bark, at will. 

Water, sufficient. 

Exhaust the bark in a displacement appa- 
ratus, and evaporate to proper consistence. 
Dose, five to fifteen grains. Van Mons. 



HORDEUM. 
Barley. 

There are several species of HorcJeum, but 
Chose usually cultivated in this country are 
//. vulgare and II. distichon, the latter of 
which is recognized as officinal. The native 
country of these is unknown, but they have 
been cultivated from the earliest ages. 

Sex. Sfytt. Triand. digyn. Nat. tiyst. Gra- 
minacesB. 

Linn. Bp. PI. 125. Griffith, Med. Bot. 664. 

The seeds are used in various forms; in 
thatof meal, malt, pearl barley, etc. They 
arc one of the mildest and least irritating 



of the cerealia,and are much used in decoc- 
tion, etc., as a nutritive and demulcent 
drink. 



Prepared Barley Meal. 
R. Barley meal, at will. 

Tie it in a linen or cotton cloth, and boil it 
for twelve hours, then let it cool, remove 
the outer crust, and pulverize the centre. 
A useful diet, boiled with milk, in bowel 
diseases. Hanover Ph. 

R. Barley meal, twelve ounces. 

Sugar, four ounces. 

Powdered cinnamon, 

half a drachm. 
Mix, and place in a proper vessel, covering 
with wheat dough, put in an oven and bake, 
remove, cool, and pulverize. Half an 
ounce to two ounces, cooked with water or 
milk, form an excellent diet, in debilitated 
conditions of the system. Taddei. 



Barley Sugar. 

R. Decoction of 

barley, a pint and a half. 

Sugar, two pounds. 

Boil to proper consistence, and form loz- 
enges or rolls. As a demulcent in catarrh. 

Giordano. 



Decoction of Barley. 

R. Pearl barley, two ounces. 

Water, sufficient. 

"Wash the barley in cold water, drain, pour 
on it half a pint of the water, boil for a 
short time, drain off this water, add four 
pints of boiling water, boil down to two 
pints, and strain. U. S. Ph. 

The process of Brit. Ph. is nearly the 
same. 

As a nutritive and demulcent drink in 
febrile and inflammatory diseases. 



Compound Decoction of Barley. 
R. Decoction of barley, two pints. 
Sliced figs, two ounces and a half. 
Bruised liquorice 

root, five drachms. 

Stoned raisins, 

two ounces and a half. 
Water, one pint. 

Mix, and boil down to two pints, and strain. 

Lond. Ph. 
A demulcent, nutritive, and somewhat 
laxative drink. 



HUMULUS. 



325 



Barley Water with Nitrate of 
Potassium. 

R. Decoction of barley, one pint. 
Nitrate of potassium, 

two drachms. 
Lemon juice, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. To be used warm as a diaphoretic 
drink. Ellis. 



HUMULUS. 

Hops. 

By this is meant the strobiles of the Hu- 
mulus lupulus, a climbing vine, a native of 
Europe, and probably of this country. It 
is extensively cultivated for its aments or 
strobiles, which are largely employed in the 
preparation of malt liquors, and also in 
medicine. 

Sex. Syst. Dicec. pentand. Nat. Syst. Can- 
nabinacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1457. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
574. 

Hops consist of thin, somewhat translu- 
cent, leaf-like scales, of a greenish-yellow 
color, having, near their base, two small, 
round, dark seeds. Their odor is strong and 
peculiar, somewhat narcotic, and fragrant ; 
their taste is bitter, aromatic, and some- 
what astringent. These properties depend 
on a peculiar secretion, called Lupuline. 
Hops are tonic, and slightly narcotic, and 
are used in various conditions of the system. 
The dose, in substance, is from half a 
drachm to a drachm, but it is seldom ad- 
ministered in this form. 



Infusion of Hops. 

R. Hops, half a troy ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, 

and strain. U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. uses half an ounce of hops to 
ten ounces of water. 

Dose, one or two fl. ounces, in dyspepsia, 
nervous tremors, etc. 



Extract of Hops. 

R. Hops, one pound. 

Alcohol, thirty fl. ounces. 

Distilled water, ten pounds. 

Macerate the hops in the spirit for a week, 
press out, filter and distil, leaving a soft 
extract. Boil the residual hop with the 
water for an hour, press, strain, and evapo- 
rate to a soft extract. Mix the two ex- 
tracts and evaporate at or below 140° to 
the proper consistence. Dose, five to fif- 
teen grains. Brit. Ph. 



Hop Mixture. 
R. Extract of hops, two drachms. 

Water of hops, seven fl. ounces. 

Tincture of hops, half fl. ounce. 

Syrup of orange-peel, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every hour, as a 
tonic and stomachic. Niemann. 



Tincture of Hops. 
R. Hops, in powder, 

No. 40, five troy ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement two pints, 

' U.S. Ph. 

The tincture of Brit. Ph. is nearly of the 
same strength. 

Dose, from one to three fl. drachms, as a 
tonic, and narcotic, especially in the wake- 
fulness and tremors of drunkards. 



Alkaline Tincture of Hops. 
R. Hops, 

Centaury, each, one ounce. 

Peel of bitter orange, 

two drachms. 
Carbonate of potassium, 

one scruple. 
Diluted alcohol, 

eighteen fl. ounces. 
Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. 
Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. 



Fluid Extract of Hops. 
R. Hops in powder, 

sixteen tnryounces. 
Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Exhaust by maceration and displacement, 
reserve the first fourteen fluidounces, 
evaporate the remainder to two fluidounces, 
and mix with reserved portion. Dose, 
twenty to sixty minims. W. Procter. 



Elixir of Hops. 
R. Fluid extract of hops, 

Rose water, each, one pint. 

Alcohol, twenty fl. ounces. 

Syrup, five fl. ounces. 

Sugar, eighteen troyounces. 

Tincture of recent orange-peel, 

Essence of celery, each, one ounce. 

Oil of anise, four drops. 

Oil of cinnamon, six drops. 

Dissolve and mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. 

Maryland Coll. Ph. 



326 



HYDRARGYRUM. 



Cataplasm of Hops. 
R. Hops, one pound. 

Flaxseed meal, two ounces. 

Beer, sufficient. 

Mix. As an application to bruises and in- 
dolent tumors. Radius. 



Ointment of Hops. 
R. Hops, two ounces. 

Lard, ten ounces. 

Digest for some hours, by a gentle heat, 
express, and straiu ; recommended to re- 
lieve the pain of cancerous sores. 

Swediaur. 



HYDRARGYRUM. 
Mercury. 

Mercury is a brilliant, silver-white fluid 
metal, having neither taste nor smell. It 
becomes solid at —39° F., and boils at 665°. 
Mercury, in masses, does not appear to act 
on the system, but in a state of great divi- 
sion it produces marked and peculiar effects. 
It acts as an alterative, deobstruent, siala- 
gogue, etc. It has been employed in almost 
all diseases, in some of its preparations, 
each of which has some peculiarity of 
action. 



Purified Mercury. 
R. Mercury, one hundred parts. 

Nitric acid, 
Distilled water, each, five parts. 

Digest in a glass vessel for three days, re- 
move the acid liquor, wash mercury with 
water, and dry. Ph. Germ. 

Muriatic acid has been recommended for 
the same purpose. 



Mercury with Antimony. 
R. Mercury, four parts. 

Crude antimony, three parts. 

Sulphur, two parts. 

Triturate together till the mercury disap- 
pears. As a diaphoretic and alterative. 
J to&e, one to four grains. Giardano. 

R. Mercury, one ounce. 

Washed flowers of 

sulphur, one ounce. 

Powdered sulphuret of 

antimony, three ounces. 

Uiil. them in B warm stone mortar, with a 
little water or sulphuret of ammonium, 
until the globules of mercury disappear. 

Codex ffamb. 1845. 
This preparation is much used in France 



and Germany, under the name of antimo- 
nial ethiops. 



Compound Mercurial Powder. 
R. Powdered resin of 

guaiacum, one drachm. 

Mercury with antimony, 

Magnesia, each, one scruple. 

Mix. To be taken in two days, in divided 

doses, in chronic exanthematous affections. 

Hufeland. 

R. Mercury with anti- 
mony, twenty-four grains. 
Carbonate of sodium, 

eighteen grains. 

Powdered sassafras, 

Sugar, each, one drachm. 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One to 

be taken daily, in chronic diseases of the 

skin. Sundelin. 



Pills of Mercury and Antimony. 

R. Mercury, one drachm. 

Crude antimony, four scruples. 

Flowers of sulphur, two scruples. 

Extract of opium, one scruple. 
Triturate till mercury disappears, with 

Syrup of mallow, sufficient. 

Divide into one hundred and fifty pills. 
Dose, five or six a day. Highly spoken of 
by Huxham, in venereal pains, scrofula, etc. 

Baldinger. 

R. Mercury with antimony, one 

drachm. 
Extract of hemlock, two drachms. 
Soap, half an ounce. 

Galbanum, 
Extract of ox gall, 

each, half a drachm. 

Beat into mass, and form pills of two grains. 
Dose, eight to ten, three times a day, in 
scirrhus of the pylorus. Radius. 



Mercury with Chalk. 
U. Mercury, three tnryounces. 

Prepared chalk, five troj'ounces. 

Rub together till all the globules disappear. 

U.S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. uses one ounce of mercury to 
two ounces of prepared chalk. 

A mild preparation, well suited as an 
alterative in complaints of children. Dose, 
five grains to half a drachm, twice a day, 
for adults ; two or three grains for a child. 



HTDBAEGYETJM. 



327 



Mercury and Chalk. 

R. Mercury, three ounces. 

Resin, six drachms. 

Prepared chalk, five ounces. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Make a paste with the resin and a small 
quantity of the alcohol ; then add the mer- 
cury, which may be extinguished in a short 
time ; add the chalk and alcohol gradually, 
so as to keep up the pasty consistence ; 
then add sufficient alcohol to dissolve out 
the resin, and wash the powder on a filter, 
and dry. 

Dr. Stewart, modified by P. Lehman. 



Mercury and Chalk "with Ipecacuanha. 

R. Mercury with chalk, one scruple. 
Powdered ipecacuanha, ten grains. 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
night and morning, in syrup. In dyspep- 
sia with biliary derangement. Paris. 



Mercury and Chalk Liniment. 

R. Mercury, 

Prepared chalk, 

each, half an ounce. 

Triturate till globules disappear, and add 

Honey of roses, two ounces. 

Mix well. As a dressing to venereal ulcers. 

Bories. 



Mercury and Gum. 
R. Mercury, one part. 

Gum Arabic, two parts. 

Make a mucilage with a quarter of the 
gum, rub the mercury with it till extin- 
guished, add the remainder of the gum 
with as much water as is required, mix well, 
dry by a gentle heat, and pulverize. 

Paris Codex. 



Pills of Mercury and Gum with 
Hemlock. 
R. Mercury, one part. 

Gum Arabic, two parts. 

Syrup of violets, four parts. 

Triturate till the mercury is extinguished, 
and add 

Extract of hemlock, one part. 

Powdered liquorice, sufficient. 
Mix well, and form pills of two grains. 
Two to four twice a day, as an alterative. 

Plenck. 



Mercurial Mucilage of Gum Arabic. 

R. Mercury, one part. 

Gum Arabic, two parts. 

Water, sufficient. 

Triturate till the mercury is extinguished. 
This is a good preparation of mercury ; it is 
given in the dose of two teaspoonfuls, in 
syrup or mucilage, morning and night, as 
an alterative or anthelmintic. Beral. 



Mercurial Gargle. 

R. Mercury, half a drachm. 

Gum Arabic, three drachms. 

Syrup of poppies, half an ounce. 

Calomel, six grains. 

Triturate till mercury is extinguished, and 
add 

Decoction of clematis 
(Virgin's bower), 

twenty-six fl. ounces. 

Honey of roses, one ounce. 

Essence of myrrh, one drachm. 

Mix. As a gargle in syphilitic angina, 
and ozaena. Plenck. 



Mercurial Lotion. 

R. Mercury, one drachm. 

Gum Arabic, four drachms. 

Syrup of poppies, sufficient. 

Eub together till globules disappear, and 
add gradually, constantly rubbing, 

Boiling milk, eight fl. ounces. 

As a lotion in gonorrhceal ophthalmia, 
ulcers on the penis, and also as a gargle in 
venereal sore throat. Plenck. 



Mercury "with Magnesia. 

R. Purified mercury, 

Manna, each, two parts. 

Carbonate of magnesium, 

one part. 

Rub the mercury with the manna, adding 
a little water, till globules disappear ; add 
one-eighth part of the magnesia, still rub- 
bing, and when mixed, sixteen parts of hot 
water, and agitate; let sediment subside; 
then decant, and repeat washing till all 
the manna is removed ; mix the residue 
with remainder of magnesia, and dry. 

Dub. Ph. 1826. 
A mild mercurial, well suited as an al- 
terative in children, especially when there 
is constipation. Dose, three to four grains. 



328 



HYDRARGYRUM 



Blue Pills. 

R. Mercury, three hundred and 

eighty-four grains. 

Confection of roses, five hundred 

and seventy-six grains. 

Powdered liquorice 

root, one hundred and 

ninety-two grains. 
Rub the mercury with the confection till 
all the globules disappear, add the liquor- 
ice root, and beat into mass. Divide into 
three hundred and eighty-four pills. 

U. S. Ph. 
Brit. Ph. uses the same proportions, but 
does not divide into pills. 

One of the mildest and best of the mer- 
curial preparations. From five to fifteen 
grains as a purgative ; one pill every night, 
or every other night, as an alterative ; one 
pill two or three times a day, as a laxa- 
tive. Each pill contains one grain of 
mercury. 



Blue Pill with Jalap. 

t> i i • i f each, fifteen 

Powdered jalap, >■ ' 

" aloes, \ S rams - 

Mix, and form twelve pills; three at night, 
as a purgative. Ellis. 



Blue Pill with Rhubarb. 
R. Blue pill, nine grains. 

Powdered rhubarb, 
Bicarbonate of sodium, 

each, twelve grains. 

Aromatic syrup of 

rhubarb, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and form twelve pills. One, 
twice or thrice a day, as an alterative, in 
hepatic derangement. Hartshorne. 

R. Blue pill, eighteen grains. 

Powdered rhubarb, twelve grains. 

Bicarbonate of sodium, 

Soap, each, six grains. 

Socotrine aloes, four grains. 

Nutmeg, three grains. 

Mix, and make twelve pills. J. Wright's 
pills. Maryland Coll'. Ph. 



Blue Pill with Colocynth. 
R. Blue pill, 

Compound extract of 

colocynth, each, five grains. 

Oil of caraway, two drops. 

Mix, and make two pills. A very active 

purgative. Ellis. 



R. Compound extract ] 

of coloc}mth, | each, 

Socotrine aloes, J> twenty 

Blue pill, grains. 

Soap, 

Scammony, ten grains. 

Mix, and form twenty pills. Known as 
Wallace's pills. Maryland Coll. Ph. 



Triplex Pills. 

R. Socotrine aloes,') , 

Scammony, ' f each one 

Blue pill, ) troyounce. 

Croton oil, twenty minims. 

Oil of caraway, ninety minims. 

Elixir proprietatis, sufficient. 

Make four hundred pills. Dose, as a laxa- 
tive, one at bedtime. J. W. Francis. 



Blue Pill and Quinia. 
R. Blue pill, } each, 

Sulphate of quinia, y twelve 



Powdered aloes. 



grains. 



Aromatic syrup of 

rhubarb, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and form twelve pills. One, 
twice to four times a day, as a tonic altera- 
tive, in deranged conditions of the liver 
consequent to fevers. Ellis. 



Compound Mercurial Pills. 
R. Blue pill, five grains. 

Powdered ipecacuanha, two 

grains. 

Camphor, one grain and a half. 

Syrup of ginger, sufficient. 

Mix, and make two pills. One, morning 

and evening, in hepatitis, till mouth is 

affected. Ainslie. 

R. Blue pill, four grains. 

Compound powder of 

squill, six grains. 

Powdered ipecacuanha, two 

grains. 

Syrup of ginger, sufficient. 

Mix, and make three pills. To be taken in 

a day ; in hepatic obstruction, threatening 

dropsy. Ainslie. 

R. Blue pill, 

Antimonial powder, 

each, two and a half grains. 

Opium, half a grain. 

S3 T rup of ginger, sufficient. 

Make a pill. To be taken at bedtime; in 

venereal blotches, attended with diarrhoea. 

Ainslie. 



HYDRARGYRUM. 



329 



Abernethy's Pills. 
R. Blue pill, ten grains. 

Powdered jalap, twenty grains. 

Syrup of buckthorn, sufficient. 
Mix well, and divide into six pills. Two 
at night, with a wineglassful of infusion of 
senna, in the morning. Cooley. 



Belloste's Pills. 
R. Mercury, ^ 

Honey, v each, ninety grains. 
Aloes, ) 

Rhubarb, forty-five grains. 

Scammony, thiily grains. 

Black pepper, fifteen grains. 

Rub the mercury with the honey and a 
little aloes until the globules have disap- 
peared; then mix with the remaining pow- 
ders, and form one hundred and twenty 
pills. Paris Codex. 

These are the purgative mercurial pills 
frequently employed in France in syphilitic 
and herpetic diseases. 



Mercurial Mixture. 
R. Mercury, six drachms. 

Syrup of poppies, one ounce. 

Triturate till globules disappear, and add 

Orange-flower water, two 

fl. ounces. 

Rose water, one fl. ounce. 

Mix well. Dose, a spoonful, morning and 
night, in gastrodynia and spasmodic vomit- 
ing. Cadet de Gassicourt. 



Mercurial Ointment. 
R. Mercury, twent} r -four troyounces. 

Lard, 

Suet, each, twelve troyouoces. 
Rub the mercury with a troyounce of the 
suet and a little of the lard, till the glob- 
ules disappear ; add the remainder of the 
lard, and of the suet softened with a gentle 
heat, mixing well. U. 8. Ph. 

The proportions of Brit. Ph. are sixteen 
ounces each of mercury and prepared lard, 
to one ounce of suet. 

R. Mercury, fifty parts. 

White wax, four parts. 

Benzoinated lard, forty-six parts. 
Melt the wax and lard, and with a portion 
of it triturate the mercury, in a warm mor- 
tar, until the globules disappear; then add 
the remainder, and mix. Paris Codex. 

This is the strong mercurial ointment. 
It can be weakened by the addition of lard, 



as may be wished. Used as an inunction 
to mercurialize the system, by rubbing 
about a drachm on the inside of the thighs, 
twice a day. 

R. Mercury, twenty-four ounces. 

Lard, rendered rancid 
by exposure in a 
damp, divided state, four ounces. 

Lard, nineteen ounces. 

Suet, one ounce. 

Triturate the mercury and rancid lard, until 
the globules disappear ; then add the lard 
and suet, and triturate until the texture of 
the mass is uniform. W. Procter. 

R. Mercury, six parts. 

Old mercurial ointment, one part. 

Triturate until all globules disappear ; add 
Suet, four parts, 

Lard, eight parts, 

previously melted together, and mix. 

Ph. Germ. 



Camphorated Mercurial Ointment. 
R. Mercurial ointment, one ounce. 
Camphor, one drachm. 

Mix. Used like the former; also to dis- 
perse indolent swellings. 



Compound Ointment of Mercury. 
R. Mercurial ointment, six ounces. 
Yellow wax, 

Olive oil, each, three ounces. 

Powdered camphor, one ounce 

and a half. 

Melt the wax, add the oil, and when nearly 
cold, the camphor and ointment, and mix 
thoroughly. Brit. Ph. 

R. Mercurial ointment, one ounce. 

Oil of turpentine, 

Camphor, each, two drachms. 

Simple cerate, one ounce. 

Mix well. Used as a rubefacient applica- 
tion over the region of the liver, when blis- 
ters cannot be used. Ellis. 

R. Mercurial ointment, two ounces. 

Lard, twelve ounces. 

Powdered stavesacre, three ounces. 
Melt the lard, and add the other ingre- 
dients, mixing well. As an application to 
destroy lice. Giordano. 

R. Mild mercurial ointment, eight 

parts. 
Soft soap, two parts. 

Camphor, one part. 



330 



HYDRARGYRUM. 



Rub well together. Recommended in peri- 
ostitis and engorgement of the testicles. 

Swediaur. 



Ointment of Mercury and Belladonna. 

R. Strong mercurial 

ointment, thirty parts. 

Extract of belladonna, four parts. 

" opium, one part. 

Balsam of Peru, sufficient. 

Mix well. As an application to painful 

hemorrhoidal tumors. Mignot. 



Ointment of Mercury and Turpentine. 

R. Turpentine ointment, 
Mercurial ointment, 

each, equal parts. 

Mix. Digestif mercuriel of the French. 
Paris Codex. 
As an application to venereal ulcers. 



Mercurial Cataplasm. 
R. Mercurial ointment, half an ounce. 

Camphor, two drachms. 

Boiling milk, three ounces. 

Crumb of bread, sufficient. 

Mix, and form cataplasm. Radius. 



Mercurial Cerate. 

R. Mercurial ointment, 

Simple cerate, equal parts. 

Mix well. As a dressing to venereal ulcers. 

Guibourt. 



Compound Mercurial Cerate. 

R. Mercurial ointment, 

Soap cerate, each, four ounces. 

Camphor, one ounce. 

Rub well together. Lond. Ph. 

As an application to disperse indolent 
swellings. 



Mercurial Liniment. 

R. Mercurial ointment, one ounce. 
Water of ammonia, 
Liniment of camphor, 

each, one fl. ounce. 

Liquefy the ointment in the liniment with 
B gentle heat, add the ammonia gradually, 
and mix with agitation. Brit. Ph. 

As a stimulating liniment, in chronic 
swelling's, glandular tumors, etc. 



Opiated Mercurial Liniment. 

R. Mercurial ointment, four parts. 

Oil of sweet 

almonds, forty-eight parts. 

Tincture of opium, three parts. 
Mix well. Advised in inflamed ulcers of 
the glans penis, to be applied two or three 
times a day. St. Marie. 



Mercurial Suppositories. 

R. Mercurial ointment, sixty grains. 

Benzoinated lard, 

White wax, each, twenty grains. 

Oil of theobroma, eighty grains. 
Melt, with a gentle heat, the lard, wax, and 
oil, add the ointment, stir well together, 
and make twelve suppositories. Brit. Ph. 



Mercurial and Belladonna Plaster. 
R. Mercurial ointment, one ounce. 

Ammoniac, six drachms. 

Extract of belladonna, four 

drachms. 

Hydrocyanic acid, thirty drops. 
Make mass with ammoniac and extract, 
with a little water ; mix mercurial ointment 
and acid, and rub the whole together. Use- 
ful as an application to scirrhous and scrof- 
ulous tumors. Med. Chirurg. Ph. 



Mercurial Plaster. 
R. Mercury, six troy ounces. 

Olive oil, 

Resin, each, two troyounces. 

Lead plaster, twelve troyounces. 
Melt the oil and resin together, and, when 
cool, rub the mercury with them till the 
globules disappear ; gradually add the lead 
plaster previously melted, and mix well. 

U. S. Ph. 

R. Mercury, three ounces. 

Olive oil, one fl. drachm. 

Sublimed sulphur, eight grains. 

Lead plaster, six ounces. 

Heat the oil and sulphur until they unite, 
add the mercury, triturate until extin- 
guished, and mix with the piaster previ- 
ously melted. Brit. Ph. 

R. Mercury, eight parts. 

Common turpentine, four parts. 
Triturate until the globules disappear; add 

Lead plaster, twenty -four parts. 

Yellow wax, six parts. 



HYDRARGYRI BROMIDUM. 



331 



previously melted together, and mix 
thoroughly. Ph. Germ. 

Used as an application to buboes, vene- 
real nodes, etc. 



HYDRARGYRI ACETAS. 

Acetate of Mercury. 



Acetate of Protoxide of Mercury. 
R. Protonitrate of 

mercury, one part, 

Distilled water, six parts. 

Dissolve the salt in water, acidified with a 
little nitric acid, add a solution of acetate 
of sodium or potassium, filter, wash, and dry 
the precipitate. Beral. 



Pills of Acetate of Mercury. 
R. Red oxide of mercury, one pound. 
Distilled vinegar, eight pints. 

Dissolve, and triturate a pint of this solu- 
tion with 

Flake manna, two pounds, 

rubbing the mixture for a long time ; dry 
before the fire, often stirring ; when of a 
proper consistence form pills of a grain and 
a half. Gtdbourt. 

These pills are highly esteemed under 
the name of Keysefs anti-venereal pills. 
They contain, at first, the acetate of the 
deutoxide, but this gradually changes to 
the acetate of the protoxide, then to an 
oxide ; therefore, the following have been 
substituted. 

R. Acetate of mercury, } each, 

Flake manna, V- one 

Powdered gum Arabic, ) scruple. 

Rose water, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and form twenty pills. As 

a sialagogue, three to be taken at night, or 

one three times a day. Ellis. 



Pills of Acetate of Mercury and 
Opium. 

R. Acetate of mercury,} each, 

Opium, \. thirty 

Camphor, ) grains. 

Syrup of poppies, sufficient. 

Mix, and make thirty pills. Carmichael. 

Solution of Acetate of Mercury. 
R. Acetate of mercury, ten or 

twelve grains. 
Rose water, five fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. As a lotion in obstinate cuta- 
neous affections, , Niemann. 



Liniment of Acetate of Mercury. 

R. Acetate of mercury, one part. 
Olive oil, two parts. 



Lard, 



six parts. 



Rub the salt with a little of the lard, and 
add gradually the remainder, and then the 
oil, constantly rubbing. Used as an appli- 
cation in herpes. Van Mons. 



HYDRARGYRUM AMMO- 
NIATUM. 

"White Precipitate. 

R. Corrosive sublimate, six 

troyounces. 

Distilled water, one gallon. 

Solution of ammonia, eight 

fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in the 
water with the aid of heat, and when cold 
add the solution of ammonia, frequently 
stirring. Wash the precipitate thoroughly, 
and dry it. U. S. Ph. 

This is seldom, if ever, used, except as an 
external remedy. 



Ointment of White Precipitate. 

R. White precipitate, forty grains. 

Simple ointment, one troy ounce. 

Soften the ointment over a gentle fire, and 

mix the white precipitate. U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. uses one part of white pre- 
cipitate to seven of simple ointment. Ph. 
Germ, one part to nine parts of lard. 

As an application to cutaneous eruptions. 



HYDRARGYRI BORAS. 

Borate of Mercury. 

R. Calomel, twenty-two parts. 

Borate of sodium, twenty-six parts. 

Triturate together ; in a quarter of an hour 
add a little water, then gradually, more, 
constantly rubbing, permit to settle, decant, 
wash the precipitate till the washings are 
insipid, and dry. Van Mons. 

The borate of mercury is said to resemble 
calomel in its action. Dose, two grains a 
day, gradually augmenting. 



HYDRARGYRI BROMIDUM. 

Bromide of Mercury. 

There are two bromides of mercury : one 
the protobromide, answering to calomel ; 
the other the bibromide, like corrosive sub- 
limate, an irritant poison. 



332 HTDEAEGTEI CHLOEIDUM CORROSI VUM, 



Protobromide of Mercury. 
R. Solution of bromide of 

potassium, at will. 

Add a weak solution of protonitrate of 
mercury as long as it causes a precipitate ; 
wash this, and dry by a gentle heat. Dose, 
one grain a day, gradually increased, as an 
alterative ; four or five grains as a purga- 
tive. Magendie. 



Bi-bromide of Mercury. 
R. Bromine, 

Mercury, each, equal parts. 

Mix, and sublime. Dose, one-twentieth of 
a grain, gradually increased to a fourth. 
In syphilis. Magendie. 



Ethereal Solution of Bi-bromide of 
Mercury. 

R. Bi-bromide of mercury, one grain. 
Ether, one fl. drachm. 

Dissolve. Dose, ten to twenty drops, in 
barley-water. In syphilis and lepra. 

WernecJc. 



HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM 
CORROSIVUM. 

Corrosive Sublimate. 

Corrosive sublimate is a very energetic 
and poisonous preparation, requiring much 
care in its exhibition. It will produce the 
usual effects of the other mercurials, but is 
less apt to salivate. It is much used in 
secondary syphilis, and as an alterative, and 
also as an external application, as a stimu- 
lant, and escharotic. The best antidote, 
when poisonous doses have been taken, is 
albumen, followed by an emetic. 



Solution of Corrosive Sublimate. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, 
Chloride of ammonium, 



each, 



ten grains. 



Distilled water, one pint (imper.). 

Dissolve. Brit. Ph. 

A fl. ounce contains half a grain of the 
mercurial salt. The dose is from one to two 
fl. drachms, in some mucilaginous drink. 



Alcoholic Solution of Corrosive 

Sublimate. 

R. Corrosive sublimate, one part. 

Alcohol, one hundred parts. 

Water, nine hundred parts. 

Dissolve. A tablespoonful night and morn- 



ing, in a glass of water, in milk, or in de- 
coction of sarsaparilla. Paris Codex. 
This is Van Swieten's mercurial solu- 
tion. 



Powder of Corrosive Sublimate and 
Copper. 

R. Corrosive sublimate, 

Sulphate of copper, 
each, ten grains. 

Nitrate of silver, six grains. 

Mix. Applied to venereal excrescences, 
previously moistened with water. Kruzer. 



Powder of Corrosive Sublimate and 
Zinc. 

R. Corrosive sublimate, 

Sulphate of zinc, equal parts. 

Mix. In onychia maligna, sprinkled on 
the sore, and covered with lint soaked in 
tincture of myrrh. Perkins. 



Pills of Corrosive Sublimate. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, five grains. 
Distilled water, thirty to forty 

drops. 
Confection of roses, one scruple. 
Powdered liquorice, sufficient. 

Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in the 
water, and add the other articles, and rub 
well together. Make forty pills. One, 
three to four times a day, in syphilis. 

Ellis. 



Compound Pills of Corrosive 
Sublimate. 

R. Corrosive sublimate, three grains. 
Extract of guaiacum, twelve 

grains. 
" opium, six grains. 

Beat together, and make twenty pills. One, 
morning and evening. Each contains 
nearly one-sixth of a grain of the mercurial 
salt. They require much caution in their 
use. In syphilis. Dupuytren's pills. 

Paris Codex. 

R. Corrosive sublimate, six grains. 
Dissolve in 

Distilled water, sufficient, 

and add 

Extract of hemlock, one drachm. 

Powdered hemlock, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and make forty-eight pills, 
to be given like the above. Each pill con- 
tains an eighth of a grain of corrosive 
sublimate. Ellis. 



HYDRAEGYKI CHLOEIDUM COEEOSIVUM 



333 



Corrosive Sublimate Mixture. 

R. Corrosive sublimate, four grains. 

Chloride of ammonium, 

eight grains. 

Diluted alcohol, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. A teaspoonful twice a day, in barley- 
water, in syphilis. Ainslie. 

R. Corrosive sublimate, eight grains. 
Muriatic acid, twenty-four drops. 
Comp. tincture of cardamom, 

eight fl. ounces. 

Mix. Dose, two drachms morning and 
evening, in a wineglassful of sugar and 
water. In syphilis. Guibourt. 

R. Corrosive sublimate, two grains. 

Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 

Spirit of cinnamon, 

Syrup, each, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. One or two spoonfuls twice or thrice 
a day, in venereal cases. Ellis. 



Lotion of Corrosive Sublimate. 

R. Corrosive sublimate, 

three to six grains. 
Distilled water, sufficient. 

Dissolve, and add 

Extract of hemlock, 
" chamomile, 

each, two drachms. 

Tincture of opium, one fl. drachm. 
Honey of roses, one ounce. 

Mix. As an application to venereal ulcers 
in the throat, and on the labia pudendi. 

Rust. 

R. Corrosive sublimate, one drachm. 
Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 

Dissolve, and add 

Chloride of ammonium, 

two drachms. 

Nitrate of potassium, half 

an ounce. 

Dissolve. As a wash in itch. Good. 



Cosmetic Lotion with Corrosive 
Sublimate. 

R. Blanched sweet almonds, 

one ounce. 
" bitter almonds, 

four drachms. 
Cherry-laurel water, ten fl. ounces. 
Make an emulsion, and add 



Corrosive sublimate, 
Tincture of benzoin, 



six grains, 
six 
fl. drachms. 
Lemon juice, four fl. drachms. 

Mix. As a wash for eruptions on the face, 

to be used morning and evening, previously 

to be shaken. It must be used with caution. 

Cadet de Gassicourt. 



Lotion of Corrosive Sublimate and 
Copper. 

R. Corrosive sublimate, two grains. 
Acetate of copper, six grains. 

Distilled water, two pints. 

Dissolve. As a wash in obstinate porrigo 

Augustin. 



Lotion of Corrosive Sublimate and 
Camphor. 

R. Corrosive sublimate, 

half a drachm. 
Camphor, one drachm. 

Diluted alcohol, one ounce. 

Dissolve. As an application to destroy 
condylomata. Phoebus. 



White's Caustic Lotion. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, five grains. 
Nitrate of silver, ten grains. 

Acetate of lead, 
Sulphate of zinc, 

each, ninety grains. 

Water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. Maryland Coll. Ph. 



Bateman's Mercurial Lotion. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, two grains. 
Compound spirit of 

lavender, one fl. ounce. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. As a lotion in obstinate cuta- 
neous eruptions. Bateman. 



Antacrid Tincture. 

R. Powdered resin of guaiacum, 

Canada balsam, each, one ounce. 

Corrosive sublimate, one scruple. 

Oil of sassafras, two fl. drachms. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the mercurial salt in one-half of 
the alcohol, and then add the remainder, 
and the other ingredients ; after a due di- 
gestion, filter. Ten to twenty drops morn- 
ing and evening, in wine or water, in syphi- 
lis. Ellis. 



334 



HYDEARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE. 



Collyrium of Corrosive Sublimate. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, two grains. 
Opium, ten grains. 

Rose water, four fl. ounces. 

Dissolve, and add 

Mucilage of quince-seed, half 

an ounce. 

Mix. Van Mons. 



Injection cf Corrosive Sublimate. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, three grains. 
Water of rosemary, 
Distilled water, 

each, three fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. As an injection in fistula lachry- 
malis. Beer. 

R. Corrosive sublimate, one drachm. 
Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. Add from five to twenty drops 
to a solution of 

Sulphate of zinc, five to ten grs., 
in 

Water, four fl. ounces. 

A drachm to be injected into the urethra 
three times a day, in gonorrhoea. 

Whately. 



Cosmetic "Wash. 
R. Blanched bitter almonds, six 

ounces. 
Beef-tea, sixty-four ounces. 

Make an emulsion, and add 

Corrosive sublimate, half an 

ounce. 
Lemon juice, ten ounces. 

Solution of carbonate of 

potassium, half an ounce. 

Incorporate gradually 

White of eggs, six ounces. 

Strain, and add 

Camphor, rubbed with muci- 
lage gum Arabic, half a drachm. 

Mix well. It is said to be an effectual 
wash for eruptions on the face, but must be 
used with extreme caution, and very sel- 
dom. Van Mons. 



IIYDRARGYRI CHLO- 
RIDUM MITE. 

Calomel. 

Calomel la prepared by Beveral modes, on 
the la pge scale, ;i nd is seldom or never made 

by the apothecary. The several processes 



will be found, with judicious observations 
on each, in the U. S. Dispensatory. It is 
used in almost every disease, either as a 
purgative, alterative, anthelmintic, etc. As 
a purgative it is peculiar, in not producing 
effects in proportion to the dose. 



Powder of Calomel and Antimony. 
R. Calomel, 

Golden sulphuret of 

antimony, equal parts. 

Triturate together. This powder has been 
much celebrated under the name of Plum- 
mer's Alterative, as a deobstruent and al- 
terative. The dose is from five to ten 
grains a day, in divided doses. It should 
be used recently prepared, as in a short 
time it changes to sulphuret of mercury, 
and oxide of antimony. Guibourt. 



Powder of Calomel and Jalap. 

R. Calomel, five grains. 

Powdered jalap, ten grains. 

Mix. As a purgative, to be mixed with 
syrup or molasses. Ellis. 

R. Calomel, three grains. 

Powdered jalap, 

Sugar, each, ten grains. 

Mix. Make a powder to be taken at night, 
or early in the morning, in bilious fevers, 
and obstructed bowels. A. T. Thomson. 



Powder of Calomel, Antimony, and 
Henbane. 



one grain. 



R. Calomel, 

Golden sulphuret of 

antimony, three grains. 

Powdered extract of 

henbane, one grain. 

Powdered sugar, half a drachm. 

Mix. To be taken night and morning, in 

spasmodic diseases ; it is said to have proved 

very useful in nyctalopia. Phoebus. 



Powder of Calomel, Jalap, and 
Rhubarb. 



each, 



R. Calomel, 

Powdered jalap, 

« rhubarb, ( five S rams - 

Oil of cinnamon, one drop. 

Mix. As a purgative, to be given in syrup 
or molasses. Ellis. 



Powder of Calomel and Foxglove. 
R. Calomel, three grains. 

Powdered foxglove, four grains. 
Sugar, one drachm. 



HTBEARGTEI CHLORIDTTM MITE. 



335 



Mix, and divide into twelve powders. Two 
a day, in chronic h} 7 drocephalus. 

Berends. 



Powder of Calomel, Nitrate of 

Potassium, etc. 

R Calomel, six grains. 

Nitrate of potassium, one drachm. 

Tartar emetic, half a grain. 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One 
every two hours, as a diaphoretic in febrile 
affections. Ellis. 



Powder of Calomel and Opium. 

R. Calomel, sixteen grains. 

Powdered opium, four grains. 
u ipecacuanha, eight 

grains. 
Mix, and divide into eight powders. One 
to be taken every hour or two. In dysen- 
tery. Chapman. 



Powder of Calomel and Gamboge. 



R. Calomel, 

Powdered gamboge, 



five grains. 

three to 

six grains. 

Ellis. 



Mix. As an anthelmintic. 

R. Calomel, 

Powdered gamboge, 
" jalap, 
" rhubarb, 

" cinnamon, 

Mix. Dose, five to twenty grains. 

A. T. Thomson. 



each, two 
drachms. 



Anthelmintic Purgative. 
R. Calomel, three grains. 

Compound powder of 

scammony, twelve grains. 

Mix. To be taken at once, in cases of 
lumbrici. A. T. Thomson. 



Powder of Calomel and Pink Root. 

R. Calomel, four grains. 

Powdered pink root, ten grains. 
Mix. To be taken two mornings in suc- 
cession ; also on afternoon of second day, 
followed by a mild purgative ; as an an- 
thelmintic for children over four years of 
age. Ellis. 



Dry Collyrium of Calomel. 
R. Calomel, 

Powdered sugar, each, half a 

drachm. 



Mix. To be blown into the eye, in ulcers 
of the cornea. This is Velpeau's colly- 
rium of the Paris Codex. Powdered 
opium was added to it by Radius. 



Calomel Pills. 
R. Calomel, half an ounce. 

Powdered gum Arabic, one drm. 
Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix the calomel and gum, then beat with 
syrup into mass, and divide into two hun- 
dred and forty pills. U. S. Ph. 1850. 
A very convenient form to give calomel, 
whether as purgative, alterative, etc. ; each 
pill contains one grain of calomel. 



Pills of Calomel, Quinia, etc. 

R. Calomel, six grains. 

Powdered opium, three grains. 

Sulphate of quinia, twelve grains. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and form itvelve pills. 
One, night and morning, as an alterative 
in conditions following bilious fever. Ellis. 



Pills of Calomel and Acetate of Lead. 

R. Acetate of lead, half a drachm. 

Calomel, five grains. 

Confection of roses, sufficient. 
Form mass, and divide into ten pills. One 
to be given every two to four hours, in 
hematemesis, etc. Ellis. 



Fills of Calomel and Dandelion. 

R. Calomel, four grains. 

Extract of dandelion, eighteen grs. 

Mix. To be taken in a day, in divided 

doses, in abdominal obstructions. Brera. 



Pills of Calomel, Squill, etc. 
R. Plummer's powder, twelve grains. 

Ammoniac, two grains. 

Extract of dandelion, three grains. 

Powdered squill, half a drachm. 
Beat together, and form pills of three 
grains. Dose, five, three or four times a 
day, in engorgements of the abdominal 
viscera, with anasarca supervening on in- 
termittent fever. St. Marie. 



Pills of Calomel and Iron. 



R. Calomel, 

Golden sulphuret 

of antimony, 
Sulphate of iron, 
Myrrh, 
Syrup, 



each, one 
drachm. 



sufficient. 



336 



HTDKAEGYEI CHLORIDUM MITE. 



Beat into mass, and form pills of three 
grains. Dose, four, morning and evening, 
in the same cases as above. Swediaur. 



Fills of Calomel and Catechu. 
R. Powdered catechu, 

Copaiba, each, three drachms. 

Calomel, one scruple. 

Syrup of comfrey, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and make one hundred and 
fifty pills. Four, thrice a day, in leucor- 
rhoea or gonorrhoea. St. Marie. 



Compound Calomel Pills. 
R. Sulphurated antimony, 

Calomel, each, twelve grains. 

Guaiacum resin, 

Molasses, each, twenty -four grains. 

Mix well, and make twenty-four pills. 

The compound pills of antimony of 
U.S. Ph. 

R. Calomel, 

Sulphurated antimony, 



each. 



one ounce. 



Powdered guaiacum 

resin, two ounces. 

Castor oil, one fl. ounce. 

Rub the calomel with the antimony, and 
then with the other ingredients till well 
incorporated. Brit. Ph. 

These pills are known as Plummet skills, 
and have been much employed in chronic 
rheumatism and obstinate cutaneous affec- 
tions, especially when there is a syphilitic 
taint. The dose is from three to six grains, 
twice a day. 

R. Calomel, two scruples. 

Precipitated sulphuret 

of antimony, one drachm. 

Guaiacum, two drachms. 

Copaiba, sufficient. 

Mix, and make sixty pills. Three at night, 
in venereal herpes, till mouth is affected ; 
also using frequent tepid baths. Ainslie. 



Pills of Calomel and Colocynth. 
R. Compound extract 

of colocynth, forty -eight grains. 

Calomel, one scruple. 

Mix. and divide into twenty pills. Two or 

three will act as a cathartic. Ellis. 

R. Compound extract 

of colocynth, eight grains. 

Calomel, one grain. 



Extract of lryoscyamus, 

Acetic extract of colchi- 
cum, 

Ipecacuanha, 
Mix, and make eight pills. Known as 
Clapp's pills. Maryland Coll. Ph. 



each, 

four 
grains. 



Pills of Calomel and Antimony. 

R. Calomel, ten grains. 

Golden sulphuret of 

antimony, one scruple. 

Extract of pot marigold, 
" hemlock, each, 

two drachms. 
Mix, and beat into mass, and form pills of 
two grains. Dose, five, thrice a day, in 
chronic indurations. Must. 

R. Calomel, six grains. 

Kermes mineral, twelve grains. 

Syrup of elder, sufficient 

to make six pills. One every two hours 
in the decline of peripneumonia, and in the 
cough of children arising from worms. 

Brera. 



Pills of Calomel and Guaiacum. 

R. Calomel, 

Resin of guaiacum, 

each, two drachms. 

Powdered mallow, four ounces. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Form mass, and make pills of four grains. 

Dose, four or five a day, in syphilis. 

Alibert. 



Fills of Calomel, Jalap, etc. 

R. Calomel, 

Resin of jalap, 

Compound extract } equal parts, 
of rhubarb, 

Soap, 
Form mass, and make pills of one grain. 
Dose, ten to twelve grains, as a purgative 
and anthelmintic. Paris Codex. 



R 



White's Gout Pills 
Calomel, 
Acetic extract of 

colchicum, 
Socotrine aloes, 
Ipecacuanha, 
Mix and form sixty pills. 

Maryland Coll. Ph 



each, sixty 
grains. 



HTDEAEGYKI CTANIDUM, 



337 



Pills of Calomel and Opium. 

Calomel, two grains. 

Opium, half a grain. 

Mix. Thrice a day, in neuralgia of the 
face. Leslie. 



each, two 
drachms. 



Electuary with Calomel, etc. 
R. Calomel, ten grains 

Powdered rhubarb, 
" santonica, 

" valerian, 

Conserve of worm- 
wood, one ounce and a half. 
Oxymel of squill, sufficient. 

Mix. A drachm to half an ounce, in epi- 
lepsy complicated with worms. Swediaur. 



Calomel Ointment. 
R. Calomel, eighty grains. 

Prepared lard, one ounce. 

Mix. Brit. Ph. 

R. Calomel, one drachm. 

Rose ointment, three drachms. 
Mix. As an application in herpes. 

Dupuytren. 

R. Calomel, one drachm. 

Sublimed sulphur, two drachms. 

Lard, one ounce. 
Mix well. In obstinate cutaneous affec- 
tions. Fouquier. 



Ointment of Calomel and Squill. 
R. Calomel, 

Powdered squill, 

each, half a drachm. 

Lard, two drachms. 

Oil of roses, four drops. 

Mix. In chronic swellings of the joints. 

Dupuytren. 

Ointment of Calomel and Acetate of 
Copper. 

R. Calomel, 

Acetate of copper, 

each, one scruple 

Lard, eleven drachms. 

Mix well. As an application in porrigo. 
Cadet de Gassicourt. 



Ointment of Calomel, Alum, etc. 
R. Calomel, two drachms. 

Burnt alum, 

Litharge, each, half an ounce. 
22 



Oil of turpentine, two fl. drachms. 

Simple ointment, one ounce 

and a half. 
Mix well. As an application to tinea 
capitis, to be applied at night, and washed 



off in the morninj 



Ellis. 



Calomel and Camphor Ointment. 
R. Calomel, half a drachm. 

Camphor, twelve grains. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. As an application in lichen. Biett. 



HYDRARGYI ET QUININE 

CHLORIDUM. 
Chloride of Mercury and Quinia. 

R. Bichloride of mercury, one part. 
Muriate of quinia, three parts. 

Dissolve separately in the smallest quantity 
of water, and mix the solutions. Collect 
the precipitate, and dry by a gentle heat. 

McDermott. 



Pills of Chloride of Mercury and 
Quinia. 

R. Chloride of mercury 

and quinia, fifteen grains. 

Opium, six grains. 

Crumb of bread, sufficient. 

Mix well, and make thirty pills. One, 

thrice a day, to produce salivation. 

Hamilton. 



HYDRARGYRI CYANIDUM. 

Cyanide op Mercury. 

R. Ferrocyanide of 

iron, five tnyyounces. 

Sulphuric acid, four troy ounces 

and two drachms. 

Red oxide of mercury, 

Water, each, sufficient. 

Dissolve the ferrocyanide in twenty fl. 
ounces of water, dilute the acid with ten fl. 
ounces of water, mix in a retort, and distil 
nearly to dryness into a receiver containing 
ten fl. ounces of water and three troyounces 
of red oxide. Reserve two fl. ounces of the 
distillate, agitate the. remainder with suffi- 
cient red oxide to destroy the odor of hydro- 
cyanic acid, filter, add the reserved liquid, 
and in a dark place, evaporate, crystallize, 
and dry ; keep the crystals protected from 
the light. U. S. Ph. 

It is given in doses of a sixteenth to an 
eighth of a grain, in syphilis, chronic in- 
flammation of the thoracic and abdominal 



338 



HYDEARGTEI IODIDUM RITBRUM, 



organs, etc., and also is employed exter- 
nally in porrigo, and other cutaneous affec- 
tions. 



Solution of Cyanide of Mercury. 

R. C3 T anide of mercuiy, four grains. 
Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. 
Dose, half a drachm to a drachm. 

Chaussier. 



Compound Pills of Cyanide of 
Mercury. 

B. Cyanide of mercury, six grains. 

Opium, twelve grains. 

Crumb of bread, one drachm. 

Honey, sufficient. 

Mix, and make ninety-six pills. One, 
morning and evening. Guibourt. 

B. Cyanide of mercury, 

eighteen grains. 
Chloride of ammonium, 
Extract of aconite, 

each, three drachms. 

Extract of box, 

one ounce and a half. 

Oil of anise, one scruple. 

Beat together, and make four hundred pills. 

Two, morning and evening. Cadet. 



Compound Tincture of Cyanide of 
Mercury. 

B. Cyanide of mercury, 

eighteen grains. 
Water, fourteen fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, ten fl. ounces. 

Chloride of ammonium, 
Extract of aconite, 

each, three drachms. 

Extract of box, 

one ounce and a half. 

Oil of sassafras, twenty-four drops. 

Dissolve the cyanide in the water, add the 

ammonia, extract, and alcohol, let stand 

for some hours, filter, and add essential oil. 



Gargle of Cyanide of Mercury. 

R. Cyanide of mercury, ten grains. 

Barley water, one pint. 

Honey of roses, one ounce. 

Mix. As a gargle. Brera. 



B. Sareaparilla, 

Water, 



half an ounce, 
sixteen fl. ounces. 



Boil, and add towards close of operation 

Fresh hemlock, two drachms. 

Strain, and add to eight ounces of filtered 
liquid, 

Cyanide of mercury, two grains. 

As a gargle. Muller. 



Ointment of Cyanide of Mercury. 
B. Cyanide of mercury, 

twelve grains. 
Lard, one ounce. 

Rub well together. As an application to 
venereal ulcers. Foy. 

B. Cyanide of mercury, 

sixteen grains. 
Lard, one ounce. 

Oil of lemon, fifteen drops. 

Rub together. As an application to moist 
tetter. Biett. 



HYDRARGYRT IODIDUM 
RUBRUM. 

Red Iodide op Mercury. 

R. Corrosive sublimate, 

one troj'ounce. 
Iodide of potassium, ten drachms. 



Distilled water, 



sufficient. 



Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in a pint 
and a half, and the iodide in half a pint, of 
the water, and mix the solutions. Filter, 
and wash the collected precipitate with dis- 
tilled water. Dry by a gentle heat, and 
keep in a well-stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. directs to use the water boiling 
hot and obtains the red iodide as a crystal- 
line powder. 

Much more active than the green iodide. 
Used in the same cases, in doses of a six- 
teenth, gradually increased to the fourth of 
a grain. 



Pills of Red Iodide of Mercury. 

B. Red iodide of mercury, one grain. 

Extract of juniper, twelve grains. 

Powdered liquorice, sufficient. 

Mix, and make eight pills. One, morning 

and evening. Guibourt. 

B. Red iodide of mercury, five grains. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Rub well together, and then with 

Crumb of bread, 

Sugar, each, sufficient 

to make sixty pills. Two, morning and 
evening, gradually increasing. Radius. 



HTDEAEGYEI IODIDUM VIRIDE 



339 



Wash of Red Iodide of Mercury. 
R. Red iodide of mercury, 

twelve grains. 
Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. As a lotion to scrofulous ulcers. 

Radius. 



Tincture of Red Iodide of Mercury. 
R. Red iodide of mercury, 

twenty grains. 

Alcohol (.837), one fl. ounce 

and a half. 

Dissolve. Dose, five to ten drops, in dis- 
tilled water. Foy. 



Ethereal Tincture of Red Iodide of 
Mercury. 

R. Red iodide of mercury, 

twenty grains. 

Ether, one ounce and a half. 

Dissolve. Rather more powerful than the 

last, and therefore to be given in smaller 

doses. Magendier. 



Ointment of Red Iodide of Mercury. 
R. Red iodide of mercury, 

sixteen grains. 

Ointment, one troyounce. 

Rub well together. U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. uses one ounce avoirdupois of 
simple ointment. 

It is more active than the ointment of 
the iodide, and is used as a dressing to ob- 
stinate venereal ulcers. 

R. Red iodide of mercury, 

fifteen grains. 
Lard, one ounce. 

Essence of bergamot, 

twenty drops. 
Mix well. As an application to chronic 
cutaneous affections. Foy. 



HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM 
VIRIDE. 

Green Iodide of Mercury. 



R. Mercury, 
Iodine, 
Alcohol, 



one ounce. 

five drachms. 

sufficient. 



Bub the mercury and iodine together, adding 
sufficient alcohol to form a soft paste, and 
continue rubbing till globules disappear. 
Dry the iodide in the dark, with a gentle 
heat, and keep from light, in a well-stopped 
bottle. Brit. Ph. 



U. S. Ph. and Ph. Germ, proceed as above, 
but direct the product, before drying, to be 
thoroughly washed with alcohol to remove 
any red iodide which may have been formed. 
The product has a greenish-yellow color, 
and is named yellow iodide of mercury by Ph. 
Germ. Yvon has recently prepared it in yel- 
low crystals by sublimation below 482° F. 

The dose is about a grain a day, gradually 
increased to three or four. Used in scrof- 
ula, and scrofulous syphilis. 



Powder of Iodide of Mercury. 

R. Iodide of mercury, one to 

eight grains. 

Magnesia, one drachm. 

Mix. Divide into twelve powders. One, 

three times a day. Radius. 



Pills of Iodide of Mercury. 

R. Iodide of mercury, five grains. 

Confection of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and make thirty pills. One, three 

times a day. Ellis. 

R. Iodide of mercury, one drachm. 
Confection of dog- 
rose, three drachms. 
Powdered ginger, one drachm. 
Beat together. Dose, five to ten grains. 

Lond. Ph. 

R. Iodide of mercury, one grain. 

Extract of juniper, twelve grains. 

Powdered liquorice, sufficient. 
Mix, and make eight pills. Two, morning 
and evening, gradually increasing to double 
the number. Magendie. 



Compound Pills of Iodide of Mercury. 
R. Iodide of mercury, six grains. 

Extract of opium, four grains. 

Lactucarium, twenty-four grains. 

Extract of guaiacum, forty-eight 

grains. 
Beat together, and form forty-eight pills. 
In syphilis of children ; one pill to a child 
six months old, and two to four at more 
advanced ages. Ricord. 

R. Iodide of mercury, half a drachm. 

Extract of guaiacum, one drachm. 

" lettuce, two scruples. 

" sarsaparilla, sufficient. 

Mix, and make seventy-two pills. One, 

and then two daily. Biett. 

R. Iodide of mercury seventy-five 

grains. 
Extract of opium, thirty grains. 



340 



HYDEAEGYEI NITEAS. 



Confection of roses, two drachms 

and a half. 

Powdered liquorice root, sufficient. 

Mix, and make one hundred pills. 

Known as Record's pills of opium and 
iodide of mercury. Paris Codex. 

R. Iodide of mercury, two scruples. 

Q n t ' , n . t each, half 

Sulphate of iron A ; drachm< 

Myrrh, ) 

Oil of savine, twenty drops. 

Mix, and make twenty-four pills. One, 
thrice a day, in amenorrhcea. Barbour. 



Ointment of Iodide of Mercury. 
R. Iodide of mercury, one scruple. 
Lard, one ounce and a half. 

Eub well together. In scrofulous swellings, 
indolent glandular tumors, etc. Soubeiran. 

R. Iodide of mercury, one ounce. 

White wax, two ounces. 

Lard, six ounces. 

Melt the wax and lard and stir in the 
iodide. Lond. Ph. 

As a dressing to scrofulous ulcers, etc. 

R. Iodide of mercury, six grains. 

Acetate of morphia, eight grains. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Rub well together. As an application to 
obstinate glandular swellings. Pelletan. 

R. Iodide of mercury, one drachm. 

Soap, half a drachm. 

Rose water, two drachms. 

Rose ointment, six drachms. 

Mix. Riecke. 



HYDRARGYRI NITRAS. 

Nitrate of Mercury. 



Nitrate of the Protoxide of Mercury. 
R. Mercury, four parts. 

Nitric acid, three parts. 

Water, one part. 

Leave in contact for twenty-four hours ; 
wash the crystals with nitric acid, and dry 
them. Paris Codex. 



Pills of Protonitrate of Mercury. 

R. Protonitrate of mercury, ten 

grains. 

Extract of liquorice, forty grains. 
Bea1 into mass with a little water, and 
form sixty pills. Foy. 



Ointment of Nitrate of Mercury. 

R. Mercury, one troyounce and a half. 

Nitric acid, three troyounces 

and a half. 

Lard, sixteen troyounces 

and a half. 

Dissolve the mercury in the acid, heat the 

lard in an earthen vessel to 200°, remove 

from the fire, add the solution, stir with a 

wooden spatula until effervescence ceases 

and until the ointment stiffens. U. S. Ph. 

R. Mercury, four ounces. 

Nitric acid, twelve fl. ounces. 

Prepared lard, fifteen ounces. 

Olive oil, thirty-two fl. ounces. 
Operate as directed for the preceding. It 
is directed to use the melted fats hot, with- 
out indicating the precise temperature. 

Brit. Ph. 
This ointment is sometimes made with 
fresh butter, when it is of a firm consistence. 
A stimulant and alterative application, 
used in most cases diluted with lard. Em- 
ployed in various skin diseases, etc. It is 
known under the name of Citrine ointment. 



four parts. 
half a part. 

sufficient. 



Ointment of Nitrate of Mercury and 
Lead. 

R. Mercury, 

Lead, 
Dissolve separately in 

Nitric acid, 
Then mix 

Oil of almonds, twenty-fotir parts, 

Lard, forty-eight parts, 

first with the mercurial, and then with the 
saturnine solution ; rub well together. 

Van Mons. 
Advised by Armstrong in porrigo favosa. 



Liniment of Nitrate of Mercury. 
R. Ointment of nitrate of 

mercury, two ounces and a half. 

Simple cerate, seven ounces 

and a half. 

Olive oil, five fl. ounces and a half. 

Mix well Beasley. 

R. Ointment of nitrate of mercury, 

Almond oil, equal parts. 

Triturate together till perfectly mixed. 

Sir II Ilalford. 



Solution of Nitrate of Mercury. 
R. Mercury, three troyounces. 

Nitric acid, five troyounces. 

Distilled water, six fl. drachms. 



HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM NIGRUM. 



341 



Dissolve and evaporate to seven troyounces 
and a half. Or 



R. Red oxide of mercury, 



three 



troyounces and two drachms. 

Nitric acid, three troyounces 

and five drachms. 

Distilled water, six fl. drachms. 

Dissolve and evaporate to seven troyounces 

and a half. U. S. Ph. 

R. Mercury, four parts. 

Nitric acid, six parts. 

Water, two parts. 

Dissolve, and evaporate to nine parts. 

Parts Codex. 

A powerful caustic and escharotic, used 

in obstinate skin diseases. The part to 

which it is applied becomes white, and in a 

few days a yellow scab falls off. 



Solution of Protonitrate of Mercury. 
R. Protonitrate of 

mercury, twenty parts. 

Nitric acid, three parts. 

Triturate in a mortar, avoiding heat, and 
dissolve in sufficient water to make the 
weight two hundred parts. Prepare when 
needed for dispensing. Ph. Germ. 

Dose, one to two drops, and externally in 
syphilitic ulcers. 



HYDRARGYRI OLEAS. 

Oleate op Mercury. 

This preparation has been introduced by 
Prof. J. Marshall, and is recommended as far 
preferable to mercurial ointment ; it should 
merely be applied with a brush or lightly 
spread over the part with one finger. Com- 
bined with morphia, it has proved of service 
in chronic rheumatism and gout. The fol- 
lowing combination is generally employed. 



Oleate of Mercury and Morphia. 
R. Pure oleic acid, seven thousand 

grains. 
Oxide of mercury, seven hundred 

grains. 
Morphia, one hundred and forty 

grains. 
Digest at or below 150° in a closed vessel 
out of contact with the atmosphere, until 
dissolved. Am. Journ. Ph. 1873, p. 97. 
Commercial oleic acid always reduces a 
portion of the oxide of mercury ; the pre- 
cipitated mercury should be collected, and 
the weight of oxide of mercury which it 
represents should be deducted from the 



weight used, when the proportion dissolved 
is readily calculated. 

Ch. Rice, in Am. Journ. Ph. 1873, p. 1. 

Mr. L. Dohme has suggested to prepare 
this compound by precipitating a solution 
of nitrate of mercury by one of oleate of 
potassium ; the precipitate is dissolved in 
oleic acid, or in a mixture of alcohol and 
oleic acid, when it remains permanently 
fluid. 



HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM 
NIGRUM. 

Black Oxide of Mercury. 
R. Calomel, 

four ounces, 
one pint. 

Dissolve the potassa in the water, let settle 
and decant ; add the calomel, stirring well 
till the black oxide is formed, decant, wash 
the oxide with distilled water, and dry with 
a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. 1840. 

Alterative, purgative, and sialagogue. 
Dose, one-quarter of a grain to two grains. 



Potassa, each, 
Water, 



Black Wash. 
R. Calomel, thirty grains. 

Lime water, ten fl. ounces. 

Mix. Brit. Ph. 

R. Calomel, one drachm. 

Lime water, six troyounces. 

Mix well. As a lotion to venereal and 

phagadenic ulcers. Ph. Germ. 

R. Calomel, half a drachm. 

Powdered opium, two drachms. 

Lime water, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. As a dressing for chancres. Rust. 



Pills of Black Oxide of Mercury. 

R. Black oxide of mercury, 

one drachm. 
Confection of roses, 

three drachms. 
Powdered chamomile, 

half a drachm. 

Mix. As a substitute for blue pill. 

Tyson. 



Ointment of Black Oxide of Mercury. 

R. Black oxide of mercury, one part. 

Lard, sixteen parts. 

Subject to a temperature of 300° to 320° 
for an hour, stirring continually, remove, 
and stir till cold. As a substitute for mer- 
curial ointment. Donovan. 



342 



HTDKAEGTEI OXIDUM RITBRUM. 



HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM 
RUBRUM (ET F L A Y U M). 

Red (and Yellow) Oxide of 
Mercury. 



Red Precipitate. 

R. Mercury, thirty -six troy ounces. 

Nitric acid, twenty-four 

troyounces. 

Water, two pints. 

Dissolve the mercury with a gentle heat, 
in the acid and water, and evaporate to 
dryness. Rub to powder, and heat in a 
shallow vessel, as long as red vapors arise. 

U. S. Ph. 



R. Mercury, 
Nitric acid, 



eight ounces, 
four fl. ounces 
and a half. 
Water, two fl. ounces. 

Dissolve half the mercury in the nitric acid 
and water, and evaporate to dryness. Tri- 
turate the salt with the remaining mercury 
until uniformly blended together, and heat 
in a porcelain dish until vapors cease to be 
evolved. Brit. Ph. 



Yellow Oxide of Mercury. 

R. Corrosive sublimate, four 

troyounces. 

Solution of potassa, seventeen 
troyounces. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in five 
pints of the water, and add the solution of 
potassa. Let settle, decant, wash the pre- 
cipitate with distilled water, dry with a 
gentle heat in a dark place, and preserve it 
protected from the light. U. S. Ph. 

Ph. Germ, directs solution of soda, in- 
stead of potassa, to be used for precipi- 
tating. 

The red and yellow oxides of mercury 
are seldom used internally in this country, 
as they are harsh and uncertain in their 
operation, but are much employed externally 
as stimulants and escharotics. 



Pills of Red Oxide of Mercury. 

Bs. Red Oxide of mercury, 

Powdered opium, each, one grain. 
Oil of cloves, two drops. 

Mix. and make three pills. One, every 
night for a week, in venereal complaints. 

Ellis. 



R. Red oxide of mercury, 

three grains. 

Acetate of morphia, one grain. 

Powdered mallow root, 

Water, each, sufficient. 

Mix, and form twenty pills. One, morning 
and evening. Radius. 



Powder of Red Oxide of Mercury. 

R. Red oxide of mercury, 

Burnt alum, each, half a drachm. 

Powdered savine, two drachms. 
As an application to condyloma, whitlow, 
etc. Phoebus. 






Yellow "Wash. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, 

eighteen grains. 



Lime water, 
Mix. 

Yellow wash of Ph. 
identical with this. 



ten fl. ounces. 

Brit. Ph. 

Germ, is nearly 



R. Corrosive sublimate, one scruple. 

Carbonate of potassium, 

one drachm. 
Rub together, and add gradually 

Distilled water, one pint. 

Mix. Span. Ph. 

Employed as lotions to venereal and 
phagadenic ulcers ; must be shaken up when 
used. 



Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury. 

R. Red oxide of mercury, in 

very fine powder, one drachm. 
Simple ointment, seven drachms. 

Rub the oxide with the ointment gradually 
added, and mix well. U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. directs the same strength, but 
uses an ointment made of one part of yellow 
wax and three parts of almond oil. Paris 
Codex directs one part of the oxide to 
fifteen parts of rose ointment. Ph. Germ. 
directs one part of the oxide to nine parts 
of lard ; and under the name of ophthalmic 
ointment, a weaker ointment which is ex- 
actly one-seventh the strength directed by 
U. S. Ph. 

An efficacious, stimulating application to 
foul and indolent ulcers, psorophthalmia, 
etc. Where it is too stimulating, dilute 
with lard. 

R. Red oxide of mercury, 

one drachm. 
Venice turpentine, one ounce. 



HTDEAEGYEI PHOSPHAS 



343 



Mix. As an application to indolent ulcers, 
and also used in itch. Ellis. 



Ointment of Yellow Oxide of 
Mercury. 

R. Yellow oxide of mercury, 

one drachm. 
Simple ointment, seven drachms. 
Mix thoroughly. U. S. Ph. 

Mainly used in affections of the eye, in 
which cases it is preferred to the preceding 
owing to the minute division of the oxide 
of mercury. 



Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury 
and Sulphur. 

R. Red oxide of mercury, 

Mercury, each, one part. 

Precipitated sulphur, sixteen parts. 
Triturate till globules disappear, and add 

Lard, thirty-two parts. 

Rub well together. As a friction in the 
cure of itch. Swediaur. 



Brown Ointment of Red Oxide of 
Mercury. 

R. Red oxide of mercury, one part. 
Basilicon ointment, fifteen parts. 

Rub well together. Larrey's brown oint- 
ment Used in the treatment of indolent 
venereal ulcers. Paris Codex. 



Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury, 
and Tin. 

R. Red oxide of mercury, two 

drachms. 
Amalgam of equal parts of 

mercury and tin, four drachms. 
Rose ointment, one ounce. 

Rub well together, and add 

Oil of peppermint, twenty drops. 

Highly spoken of in hemorrhoidal tumors. 
Cadet de Gassicourt. 



Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury 
and Cinnabar. 

R. Red oxide of mercury, one ounce. 
Cinnabar, one drachm. 

Lard, one pound. 

Rub well together. Employed in chronic 
inflammations of the eyelids. Giordano. 



Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury 
and Zinc. 

R. Red oxide of mercury, fifteen 

parts. 
Oxide of zinc, six parts. 

Yellow wax, twenty-four parts. 
Lard, one hundred and fort} 7 parts. 
Camphor, five parts. 

Olive oil, ten parts. 

Melt wax, add the lard, triturate with the 
oxide, and add the camphor dissolved in 
the oil. Ph. Germ. 

Well known as St. Yves ophthalmic 
ointment. 

R. Red oxide of mercury, one part. 
Sulphate of zinc, two parts. 

Lard, ninetj'-six parts. 

Rub well together. In scrofulous ophthal- 
mia, as an application to the edges of the 
eyelids. Dupuytren. 



Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury 
and Lead. 



three drachms, 
one grain. 



R. Fresh butter, 
Camphor, 
Red precipitate, 
Acetate of lead, each, ten grains. 

Mix thoroughly. Eegenl's ophthalmic 
ointment. Paris Codex. 

R. Red oxide of mercury, "] , 
Oxide of zinc, I eacn ' 

Burnt alum, f , ° ne 

Acetate of lead, J aracnm - 

Corrosive sublimate, fifteen grains. 
Rose ointment, one ounce. 

Rub well together. Celebrated as De- 

saultfs ophthalmic ointment, in the treat- 
ment of herpetic affections, etc. 

Paris Codex. 



HYDRARGYRI PHOSPHAS. 

Phosphate of Mercury. 

R Solution of nitrate of 
mercury, 



at will. 



Add to it a solution of phosphate of sodium, 
as long as any precipitate is formed; decant, 
wash the precipitate well, and dry it. 

Van Mons. 
This has been highly praised in secondary 
syphilis. The dose is half a grain to a 
grain, combined with sugar or some aro- 
matic powder. 



344 



HYDRAKGYEI SULPHURETUM KIGEUM. 



Pills of Phosphate of Mercury. 
R. Phosphate of mercury, 



Tartar emetic, 

Opium, 

Conserve of roses, 
Mix, and make nine pills. One in the 
evening, at bedtime. Radius. 



nine 

grains. 

one grain. 

six grains. 

sufficient. 



HYDRARGYRI SULPHAS. 

Persulphate of Mercury. 

B. Mercury, twenty ounces. 

Sulphuric acid, twelve fl. ounces. 

Expose them to heat in a porcelain vessel, 
and increase the heat until the mass be- 
comes white and perfectly dry. Brit. Ph. 
Not used as a remedy, but serves to form 
corrosive sublimate, calomel, and turpeth 
mineral. 



Yellow Sulphate of Mercury. 
Turpeth Mineral. 

R. Persulphate of mercury, one part. 
Warm water, twenty parts. 

Rub together in an earthenware mortar, 
and pour off the supernatant liquid ; wash 
the yellow powder with warm distilled 
water, as long as the washings are pre- 
cipitated by caustic potassa. Dry. 

Dub. Ph. 1826. 

R. Mercury, four troyounces. 

Sulphuric acid, six troyounces. 

Mix them in a glass vessel, and boil on a 
sand-bath till a dry white mass remains. 
Rub this into powder, and throw it into 
boiling water. Pour off the supernatant 
liquor, wash the yellow precipitate repeat- 
edly in hot water, and dry it. U. S. Ph. 
Turpeth mineral is alterative, errhine, 
and emetic. The dose, as an alterative, is 
from a quarter to half a grain ; as an er- 
rhine, one grain mixed with five grains of 
some bland powder ; as an emetic, two to 
five grains. 



Compound Powder of Sulphate of 
Mercury. 

H. Sulphate of mercury, one grain. 
Powdered asarabacca, 

one drachm and a half. 

Mix, and divide into eight powders. One 
to be Qsed as an errhine, twice a day. in 
gutta screna, ozicna, etc. Ellis. 



Ointment of Sulphate of Mercury. 

R. Sulphate of mercury, one part. 

Lard, eight parts. 

Rub well together. As an application to 

herpes, porrigo, etc. Soubeiran. 

R. Sulphate of mercury, two 

drachms. 

Chloride of lime, three drachms. 

Oil of almonds, six drachms. 

Lard, two ounces. 

Melt together the oil and lard, and mix the 
two powders. More stimulating than the 
last. Used in obstinate cutaneous affec- 
tions. Chevallier. 



HYDRARGYRI SULPHUR- 
ETUM NIGRUM. 

Black Sulphuret of Mercury. 



Ethiops Mineral. 

R. Mercury, 

Sulphur, each, one pound. 

Rub together till all globules disappear. 

Ph. Germ. 

Employed as an alterative iu cutaneous 

affections and glandular swellings. Dose, 

from five to thirty grains, or even more, 

several times a day. 



Powder of Black Sulphuret of 
Mercury. 

R. Black sulphuret of 

mercury, four drachms. 

Prepared chalk, two ounces. 

Powdered amber, one ounce. 

Mix well, and divide into sixty-four pow- 
ders. One, and afterwards two a day, in a 
glass of sugar and water. In scrofulous 
affections. St. Marie. 

R. Black sulphuret of mercmy, 
Prepared oyster shell, 

each, one drachm. 

Powdered orange-peel, half a 

drachm. 
Mix, and make ten powders. Three a day, 
as an anthelmintic. Phoebus. 



Pills of Black Sulphuret of Mercury. 
R. Black sulphuret of mercury, 

Extract of bittersweet, 

each, two drachms. 

Powdered mallow, sufficient. 

Mix, and form one hundred and twenty 
pills. Four to five, three times a day. In 
obstinate cutaneous affections. Radius. 



HTDBAEGTEI TAETEAS. 



345 



R. Black sulphuret of 

mercury, one scruple. 

Extract of dandelion, three 

drachms. 
Ammoniac, two drachms. 

Powdered squill, half a drachm. 
Syrup, sufficient. 

Beat together, and make pills of three 
grains. Dose, five, thrice a day. In ascites 
with engorgement of the abdominal viscera. 

St. Marie. 

R. Black sulphuret of 

mercury, half an ounce. 

Guaiacum, 

Soap, each, two drachms. 

Golden sulphuret of 

antimon}', two scruples. 

Extract of horehound, sufficient. 

Beat together, and form pills of two grains. 
Ten. morning and evening. In chronic 
rheumatism. Baldinger. 



HYDRARGYRI SULPHUR- 
ETUM RUBRUM. 

Red Sulphuret of Mercury. 



Cinnabar. 
R. Mercury, forty ounces. 

Sulphur, eight ounces. 

Melt the sulphur, and mix the mercury with 
it over the fire. When mass begins to 
swell remove from fire, and cover the ves- 
sel, to prevent combustion; when cool, 
powder and sublime. U. S. Ph. 

At one time, cinnaba/ was much used as 
an alterative and anthelmintic, but it is now 
seldom employed except for fumigation. 

Dose, five to ten grains. 



Powder of Red Sulphuret of Mercury. 
R. Red sulphuret of 

mercury, half an ounce. 

Powdered sugar candy, three 

ounces. 
Oil of cinnamon, half a drachm. 
Rub well together. At one time cele- 
brated as cordial, stomachic, and analeptic, 
in doses of a scruple. Swediaur. 



Pills of Red Sulphuret of Mercury. 
R. Red sulphuret of mercury, 
Powdered Yirginia snakeroot, 

each, half a drachm. 

Syrup, sufficient. 



Mix, and form twelve pills. Two to be 
taken thrice a day ; alterative and diapho- 
retic ; useful in obstinate cutaneous affec- 
tions. Ellis. 



R. Red sulphuret of 
mercury, 
Extract of wormwood. 
" hemlock, 



each, 
one 
drachm. 



Beat together, and form pills of two grains. 
Dose, seven, morning and evening, in vene- 
real glandular swellings. Augustin. 



R 



Fumigating Powder. 
Red sulphuret of 

mercury, four drachms. 

Olibanum, two drachms. 

Mix. To be thrown on a red hot iron, and 

the diseased parts exposed to the fumes. 

In herpes and venereal pustules. Fay. 



Cerate of Red Sulphuret of Mercury. 
R. Powdered red sulphuret of 



mercury, 

Yellow resin, 
Yellow wax, 
Lard, each, 
Melt the resin, wax, 
add the sulphuret. 
conditioned ulcers. 



fifteen grains, 
half an ounce. 

half a pound. 

and lard together, and 

As a dressing to ill- 

Siuediaur. 



Ointment of Red Sulphuret of 
Mercury. 

R. Red sulphuret of mer- 
cury, one drachm and a half. 
Chloride of ammonium, half a 

drachm. 
Lard, two ounces. 

Rose water, one fl. drachm. 

Rub well together. Advised in pityriasis, 
to diminish the itching. Radius. 

R. Red sulphuret of 

mercury, one drachm. 

Camphor, one scruple. 

Simple cerate, one ounce. 

Rub well together. Used in the treatment 
of herpes. To be applied at least twice a 
day. Alibert. 



HYDRARGYRI TARTRAS. 

Tartrate of Mercury. 

R . Black oxide of mercury, at will. 
Tartaric acid, sufficient. 

Boil together, in a due proportion of water, 
until the oxide is dissolved : filter, and 



316 



HYDRASTIS 



HYOSCYAMUS. 



evaporate to the point of crystallization ; 
wash the crystals. Swediaur. 

Dose, one to two grains, twice a day. 



Tartrate of Mercury and Potassium. 
R. Boiling saturated solution 

of nitrate of mercury, at will. 
Add, drop by drop, a boiling saturated so- 
lution of bitartrate of potassium as long as 
a precipitate is formed ; decant, wash the 
precipitate well with cold water, dissolve 
in boiling water, and set aside to crystal- 
lize. Van Mons. 
Dose, one to three grains. Once very 
celebrated as Pressavin's vegeto-mercurial 
liquor. 



HYDRASTIS. 

Yellow Root. 

This is the rhizome and root of Hydrastis 
Canadensis, a native plant, more common in 
the western than in the eastern States. The 
flowers are yellow and fugacious, and are 
succeeded by red fruit, resembling raspber- 
ries, but not eatable. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. polygyn. Nat. Syst. 
Bauunculacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 784. Griffith, Med. Bot. 82. 

The root is contorted, rugose, and of a 
bright yellow color. It has a strong, some- 
what narcotic odor, and a bitter taste. It 
is a powerful tonic bitter, and is also used 
in decoction as a wash in chronic ophthal- 
mia. It is given in powder, decoction, or in 
the form of fluid extract. Dose, ten to 
twenty grains. 



Fluid Extract of Hydrastis. 
R. Hydrastis, in powder, 

No. 80, sixteen troyounces. 

Gtycerin, two fluidounces. 

Alcohol, fourteen fl. ounces. 

Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with 
four fl. ounces of the mixture, pack in a 
percolator, add the remaining mixture, and 
macerate for four days ; then, with a mix- 
ture of two parts of alcohol and one of 
water, percolate twenty-four fl. ounces, 
reserving the first fourteen, evaporate the 
remainder to two fluidounces, and mix with 
the reserved portion. U. S. Ph. 



HYOSCYAMUS. 

Henbane. 

Several species of Hyoscyamus are medi- 
cinal, but the only one that is officinalis 
the //. /".'/''•, a native of Europe, and now 
naturalized In some parts of the United 
States, it has a lurid appearance, and a 
rank, unpleasant odor. 



Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Solanacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 257. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
484. 

All parts of the plant are active, but the 
leaves are generally employed, though the 
seeds also are officinal. The dried leaves 
have but little taste or smell. The seeds 
are small, roundish, somewhat reniform, of 
a grayish color ; of an unpleasant smell, and 
an oily, somewhat bitter taste. They both 
owe their properties to an alkaloid, called 
hyoscyamia. They are anodyne and hypno- 
tic, and are used to relieve pain, to procure 
sleep, and to quiet an excited nervous sys- 
tem. The dose of the powdered leaves is 
from five to ten grains ; of the seeds rather 
less. The latter are used in the compound 
emulsion of almonds (see page 133). 






Aqueous Extract of Hyoscyamus. 
R. Hyoscyamus leaves, one pound. 
Bruise them in a stone mortar, adding a 
little water ; express, heat the juice to 
boiling point, strain, and evaporate. 

U.S. Ph. 

Paris Codex operates in same manner, 
but cools and strains the concentrated 
juice just previous to the final evaporation. 
Brit. Ph. separates first the chlorophyll, 
afterwards the albumen ; the chlorophyll is 
again incorporated with the concentrated 
juice. Ph. Germ, removes chlorophyll and 
albumen by heat, and the mucilaginous 
constituents from the concentrated juice by 
alcohol. 

Dose, two grains, twice a day, to be 
gradually increased till the system is 
affected. 



Alcoholic Extract of Hyoscyamus. 
R. H}^oscyamus leaves, 

in powder, No. 50, sixteen 

troyounces. 
Alcohol, four pints. 

Water, two pints. 

Mix the liquids, moisten powder with a 
pint of the mixture, pack firmly in a coni- 
cal percolator, and displace six pints of 
tincture, using first remainder of mixture, 
afterwards diluted alcohol. Evaporate the 
percolate by a water-bath to proper con- 
sistence.' U. S. Ph. 
Dose, as for the last, and in the same 
manner. 



Fluid Extract of Henbane. 
R. Hyoscyamus leaves, 

in powder, No. 50, sixteen 

troyounces. 

Alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. 

Glycerin, three fl. ounces. 

Water, one fl. ounce. 



HYOSCYAMUS. 



347 



Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with 
half a pint of the mixture, pack firmly into 
a percolator, add the remaining liquid, and 
macerate for four days ; then with diluted 
alcohol, displace twenty-four fl. ounces, re- 
serving the first fourteen, add to the re- 
mainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate 
to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved 
portion. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, a teaspoonful. 



Compound Powder of Henbane. 

R. Powdered extract of henbane, 

Oxide of zinc, each, ten grains. 

Magnesia, half a drachm. 

Sugar of milk, two drachms 

and a half. 

Mix, and divide into ten powders, One 
every three hours, as a sedative, in nervous 
attacks. Vogler. 



I each, 
one 
ounce. 



Compound Pills of Henbane. 

R. Extract of henbane, 
" opium, 

" belladonna, 

" hemlock, 

Beat together, and form pills of one grain. 
Said to be useful in neuralgia of the face, 
in doses of one to six a day. Pierquin. 

R. Extract of henbane, half a drachm. 
" opium, two grains. 

Powdered foxglove, 

" ipecacuanha, each, 

five grains. 

Beat together, and make thirty pills. One 
every three hours, in hooping-cough. 

Phoebus. 

R. Extract of henbane,) each, two 

" valerian, >- drachms 

Oxide of zinc, ) and a half. 

Beat together, and form two hundred pills. 
Paris Codex. 
In hysteria, neuralgia, etc., in doses of one 
to ten. Known as Meglin's pills. 

R. Extract of henbane, two scruples. 

Powdered myrrh, one drachm 

and a half. 

" squill, half a drachm. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Beat together, and make thirty pills. Two, 
night and morning, in catarrh and phthisis, 
with debility of the pulmonary organs. 

Parts. 



Pills of Henbane and Opium. 
R. Extract of henbane, 
" hemlock, 

each, fifteen grains. 

Powdered opium, four grains. 

Beat into mass, and make ten pills. One 
at night, as an anodyne. Ellis. 



Pills of Henbane and Ipecacuanha. 
R. Extract of henbane, ten grains. 
Powdered ipecacuanha, five grains. 
Mix, and make ten pills. One, every hour 
or two, in irritability of the bowels, with 
flatulence. Ellis. 



Infusion of Henbane. 
R. Leaves of henbane, half an ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse. As a lotion to painful ulcers. 

Ellis. 



Compound Infusion of Henbane. 

R. Henbane leaves, ) , 
Poppy heads, >- ' 

Mallow, f one ounce. 

Boiling water, four pints. 

Infuse for an hour, and strain. As a fo- 
mentation to painful tumors, etc. 

Radius. 



Mixture of Henbane. 
R. Oil of almonds, half an ounce. 
Powdered gum 

Arabic, two drachms. 

Oil of fennel, one drop. 

Extract of henbane, six grains. 
Sugar, half an ounce. 

Water, two fl. ounces. 

Rub well together. A spoonful every two 
hours, in catarrh. Foy. 



Mixture of Henbane and Antimony. 

R. Extract of henbane, ten grains. 
Antimonial wine, two fl. drachms. 

Dissolve. In hooping-cough, in doses of 
five to ten drops. . Augustin. 



Tincture of Hyoscyamus. 
R. Hyoscyamus leaves, in powder, 
No. 60, four troj^ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by percolation two pints. 

y F U.S. Ph. 

The tincture of Brit. Ph. is nearly of the 
same strength. 
Dose, a fl. drachm. 



348 



ICHTHYOCOLLA 



Ethereal Tincture of Henbane. 
R. Henbane leaves, one part. 

Ether, six parts. 

Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. 
Dose, ten to twelve drops, three or four 
times a day. Hesse Ph. 



Mixture of Henbane and Squill. 
R. Tincture of squill, ten drops. 

Nitric acid, five drops. 

Extract of henbane, three grains. 

Water, one fl. ounce and a half. 
Mix. In spasmodic asthma; to be re- 
peated every three or four hours. Bree. 



Anodyne Poultice. 
R. Poppy heads, one part. 

Henbane, two parts. 

Bruise, boil for a few seconds with twenty- 
four parts of water, express, and add 

Powdered emollient 

species, four parts. 

If laudanum is required, it should be 
poured upon the poultice without mixing- it 



with the mass. 



Paris Codex. 



Oleo-infusion of Hyoscyamus. 

R. Hyoscyamus, bruised, two parts. 
Alcohol, one part. 

Olive oil, twenty parts. 

Digest hyoscyamus and alcohol in a covered 
vessel for several hours, afterwards with 
the oil until the alcohol is evaporated, ex- 
press, and filter. Ph. Germ. 

Liniment of Henbane. 
R. Extract of henbane, half a drachm. 
White soap, 



Linseed oil, 



two drachms. 
six ounces. 



Mix. As an embrocation to glandular 
swellings. Dupuytren. 



Ointment of Hyoscyamus. 
R. Extract of henbane, one part. 
Simple ointment, nine parts. 

Rub together. As an application to pain- 
ful hemorrhoids. Ph. Germ. 



Compound Ointment of Henbane. 
R. Leaves of henbane, ] 

" stramonium, I each, a 

u bittersweet, [ handful. 

" elder, J 

Lard, two pounds. 

Heat together till all moisture is evapo- 
rated, and strain. As an application to 
frost-bites, chilblains, etc. Spielmann. 

R. Fresh poplar buds, four ounces. 
Lard, twelve ounces. 

Leaves of henbane, 

u poppy? each, 

" belladonna, y one 

" black night- ounce, 

shade, 
Heat together till all moisture is evapo- 
rated. As a soothing and anodyne oint- 
ment to painful local affections. 

Cottereau. 
This is much used in Europe, under the 
name of Unguentum populeum. 



Plaster of Hyoscyamus. 

R. Yellow wax, four parts. 

Turpentine, 

Olive oil, each, one part. 

Powdered hyoscyamus, two parts. 
Melt wax and turpentine and mix well 
with the oil and powder. Ph. Germ. 



ICIITnYOCOLLA. 

Isinglass. 

This is the swimming bladder of several 
kinds of fish. The best, however, is pro- 
cured from various species of sturgeon, in- 
habiting the more southern parts of Russia. 
It is a pure and nutritious gelatine, and is 
rather employed as food, and in the arts, 
than in medicine, in which it is only used 
as the basis of court-plaster. 



Court-Plaster. 
R. Isinglass, one ounce. 

Water, eight fl. ounces. 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, and add 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

When perfectly dissolved, brush over 
strained silk or sarsonet several times, al- 
ternating with a layer of tincture of Peru 
or benzoin. Cottereau. 



IGNATIA. 



349 



R. Isinglass, sixt} T grammes. 

Cover silk, one hundred and four centi- 
metres in length and forty-two centimetres 
in width, with a solution of one-half the 
isinglass in eleven times its quantity of 
water. When dry cover again with a 
similar solution of the remaining isinglass, 
to which one hundred and twenty grammes 
alcohol and three grammes of glycerin have 
been gradually added. When dry, coat 
the back with tincture of benzoin. 

Ph. Germ. 

R. Isinglass, nine drachms. 

Dissolve in water, and add hot filtered mix- 
ture of 

Alcohol (0.921), twelve fl. ounces. 

Tincture of benzoin, two fl. ounces. 
Apply this to strained silk, till six coats 
are given, permitting each to dry before 
applying another, then brush over twice 
with a mixture of 

Tincture of benzoin, six fl. ounces. 

Liquid turpentine, four ounces. 

Virey. 

R. Isinglass, one ounce. 

Water, two fl. ounces. 

Mix, and allow to stand till the isinglass is 
quite soft, then add 

Rectified spirit, three fl. ounces 
and a half, 
mixed with 

Water, one fl. ounce and a half. 
Expose to heat of water-bath till dissolved, 
and apply to oiled silk, nailed to a board, 
by means of a soft brush ; apply four coats. 

Liston. 

R. Fasten a piece of fine muslin, 
linen, or silk, to a flat board, 
and give it a thin coat of flour 
paste ; over this, when dry, two 
coats of colorless gelatine are 
to be applied. Said to be su- 
perior to the usual court-plaster. 
Deschamps. 

R. To one quart of jelly (obtained by 
boiling two beef's feet in suffi- 
cient water to cover them, and 
removing the fat from the sur- 
face), add one ox-gall ; boil, and 
strain through a coarse cloth. 
Then add, while warm, two fl. 
ounces of laudanum, and the 
same quantity of tincture of 
camphor. Stir well together, 
and apply the composition to 



silk stretched on frames, two or 
three times with a paint brush, 
and carefully dry. This is far 
less apt to irritate the skin than 
common court-plaster. 

Bullock. 



Diamond Cement. 
R. Isinglass, softened in water, and 
dissolved in the smallest quan- 
tity of diluted alcohol, 
Of the solution, two ounces. 

Ammoniac, ten grains, 

and whilst still liquid, add 

Solution of mastic, made with half 
a drachm, in three drachms of 
alcohol. 
Stir well together. Redwood. 



IGNATIA. 
Bean op St. Ignatius. 

The seed of Strychnos Ignatia (Ignatia 
amara), a shrub or small tree, which is a 
native of the Philippine Islands, and has 
been transplanted to Cochin China and other 
parts of the East Indies. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Loganiacese. 

The seeds are about an inch long, ovate, 
angular, and variously flattened, very hard, 
of a purplish-black or grayish color exter- 
nally, and dark gray or brownish and some- 
what diaphanous within. They are inodor- 
ous, and have a very bitter taste, which is 
due to the alkaloids brucia and strychnia, 
of the latter of which they contain a larger 
proportion (about twice as much) than is 
contained in mix vomica. They have the 
same properties and are employed for the 
same purposes as nux vomica, but require 
a smaller dose. Ignatia is given in the form 
of extract and tincture. 



Extract of Ignatia. 
R. Ignatia in powder, 

No. 60, twelve troyounces. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Moisten powder with four fl. ounces of al- 
cohol, press firmly into a cylindrical perco- 
lator, and obtain three pints of percolate. 
Distil to half a pint, and evaporate this to 
the proper consistence. IT. S. Ph. 

Dose, one-eighth to half a grain. 



Tincture of Ignatia. 
R. Ignatia, in coarse 

powder, four troyounces. 



350 



IXDIGO. — INULA. 



Moisten with two fl. ounces of water and 
heat in a corked bottle until the powder is 
swollen ; then add half a pint of alcohol 
and digest for three hours ; pack in a per- 
colator and slowly displace one pint. Or, 

R. Extract of Ignatia, half a troy- 
ounce. 
Alcohol, one pint. 

Dissolve. Dose, ten to fifteen drops. 

Procter. 



Alkaline Tincture of Ignatia. 
R. Rasped Ignatia, five hundred 

parts. 
Carbonate of potassium, five parts. 
Soot, one part. 

Alcohol, 60 per ct., one thousand 

parts. 

Digest for ten days, express, and filter. 
Gouttes ameres or Baum&s tincture. 
Dose, one to eight drops. Paris Codex. 



INDIGO. 

Indigo. 

A tinctorial material, obtained from 
several species of Indigofera. It is found 
in commerce in tbe form of small, solid, 
brittle masses, having scarcely any taste or 
odor, of a deep blue color, but assuming a 
coppery lustre when rubbed. It is princi- 
pally used in tbe arts, but has also been em- 
ployed as a remedial agent, in various spas- 
modic diseases. The dose is about a scruple, 
two or three times a day, rapidly increased 
to a drachm or more. 



Powder of Indigo. 

R. Powdered indigo, half an ounce. 

Aromatic powder, half a drachm. 

Mix. A teaspoonful, three times a day, 

in epilepsy. Radius. 



Electuary of Indigo. 
R. Powdered indigo, half an ounce. 

Aromatic powder, half a drachm. 

Syrup, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. To be taken in divided doses, during 
the day. Phaibus. 



Pills of Indigo. 
R. Powdered indigo, 8event} T -five 

grains. 
Assafetida, fifteen grains. 

Castor, seven grnins. 

Mix, and form twenty pills. One every 
hour. Podreca. 



Sulphate of Indigo. 
R. Indigo, Bengal, 

in powder, four ounces. 

Sulphuric acid, twenty-four ounces. 

Dissolve by maceration and agitation, and 

add water until the solution measures four 

pints. 



INULA. 

Elecampane. 

The root of Inula helenium, a large her- 
baceous plant, a native of Europe, and 
cultivated in gardens in this country, where 
it has also become naturalized in some 
places. 

6'ex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. As- 

Linn.' Sp. PI. 881. Griffith, Med. Bot. 397. 

The root is thick, fleshy, and branched. 
As dried and found in the shops, it is in 
slices of a yellowish-gray color, with a 
peculiar and aromatic odor, and an un- 
pleasant, bitterish taste, with an after-sen- 
sation of pungency. It is tonic and ex- 
pectorant, and also acts in some cases as a 
diuretic and diaphoretic. The dose of the 
powder is from a scruple to a drachm. 



Decoction of Elecampane. 
R. Elecampane root, half an ounce. 
Water, one pint. 

Boil. Dose, a fl. ounce every hour or two. 

Wood. 



Compound Pills of Elecampane. 
R. Extract of elecampane, one 

drachm. 

Powdered foxglove, 

" ipecacuanha, 

each, ten grains. 

Opium, five grains. 

Beat into mass, and form pills of two 

grains. One every hour in chronic catarrh. 

Heim. 



Extract of Elecampane. 
R. Elecampane root, at will. 

Exhaust with diluted alcohol, and evapo- 
rate to the proper consistence. Dose, ten 
to thirty grains. Ph. Germ. 



Mixture of Elecampane. 
R. Extract of elecampane, two 

drachms. 

Antimonial wine, one fl. ounce. 

Syrup of orange flowers, half 

a fl. ounce. 



IODINIUM. 



351 



Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty drops, every 
three hours, in asthma and chronic catarrh. 

Jalin. 



Compound Oxymel of Elecampane. 

R. Elecampane root, one ounce. 

Orris root, half an ounce. 

Water, thirty-six fl. ounces. 

Boil down to two-thirds, strain, and add 

Honey, sixteen ounces. 

Ammoniac, one ounce. 

Yinegar, eight fl. ounces. 

Evaporate to the consistence of honey. A 
spoonful occasionally, in catarrh and humid 

Spielmann. 



asthma. 



IODINIUM 

Iodine. 



Iodine is an elementary non-metallic 
body, having many of the properties of 
chlorine. It exists in many marine vege- 
tables and animals, and also in some mine- 
ral bodies and salt springs ; but is princi- 
pally obtained from kelp, or the ashes of 
seaweeds. It is soft, friable, and opaque ; 
of a bluish-black color and metallic lustre, 
and has a strong and penetrating odor, and 
an acrid taste. It is employed as a stimu- 
lant or alterant in morbid actions of the 
absorbent and glandular systems, both ex- 
ternally and internally, and, in overdoses, 
acts as an irritant poison. 

The dose, in substance, is from the eighth 
of a grain to a grain. 



Pills of Iodine. 
R. Iodine, six grains. 

Extract of gentian, one drachm. 

Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. 
Mix, and form twenty-four pills. These 
are said to be useful in mercurial or scor- 
butic salivation. Radius. 



Tincture of Iodine. 
R. Iodine, one troj^ounce. 

Alcohol, one pint. 

Dissolve. U. S. Ph. 

Sixteen minims, or thirty-five drops, con- 
tain one grain of iodine. Dose, from ten 
to twenty drops, three times a day ; to be 
increased. 

R. Iodine, one part. 
Alcohol, ten parts. 
Dissolve. This is nearly a saturated tinc- 
ture. Ph. Germ. 



Saturated Tincture of Iodine. 
R. Iodine, two scruples. 

Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 

Compound spirit of 

lavender, two fl. drachms. 

Mix. Five to ten drops, twice a day, 

gradually increasing. In amenorrhcea, 

leucorrhcea, gonorrhoea, etc. Durand. 



Decolorized Tincture of Iodine. 
R. Iodine, } each, 

Hyposulphite of sodium, \ ten 

Distilled water, ) parts. 

Make a solution at a moderate heat ; add 

Spirit of ammonia, sixteen parts. 
Agitate for a few moments, and add 

Alcohol, seventy-five parts. 

Set in a cool place for three days, and fil- 
ter. Colorless, with a slight ammoniacal 
odor. Ph. Germ. 



Compound Tincture of Iodine. 
R. Iodine, half a troy ounce. 

Iodide of potassium, one 

troyounce. 

Alcohol, one pint. 

Dissolve. Dose, five to fifteen drops, as 
may be required. U. S. Ph. 

R. Iodine, half an ounce. 

Iodide of potassium, one 

quarter ounce. 

Alcohol (imp. meas.), one pint. 

Dissolve. Brit. Ph. 

This is the tincture of iodine of Brit. 

Ph., and is considerably weaker than the 

preceding. Dose, ten to twenty minims. 



Ethereal Tincture of Iodine. 

R. Iodine, two scruples. 

Sulphuric ether, one fl. ounce 

and a half. 

Dissolve, and filter. Magendie. 

R. Iodine, six grains. 

Sulphuric ether, two fl. drachms. 
Dissolve. Dose, ten drops, two or three 
times a day, much diluted. In diseases of 
the skin or glands. Ellis. 

R. Iodine, at will. 

Sulphuric ether, sufficient 

to make a saturated solution. This is very 
useful as a counter-irritant, and is applied 
by a camel-hair pencil. The part is then 
to be covered with a pledget of lint to 
check evaporation. R. Thomson. 



352 



IODINIUM 



Mixture of Iodine and Iodide of 
Potassium. 

B. Iodine, three grains. 

Iodide of potassium, six grains. 



Distilled water 



one fl. ounce. 



Dissolve. Dose, six to twenty drops, thrice 
a day, in a draught of cold water. In glan- 
dular diseases and affections of the mucous 
membranes. Morton. 



Compound Solution of Iodine. 

R. Iodine, six drachms. 

Iodide of potassium, a troyounce 
and a half. 

Distilled water, a pint. 

Dissolve. U. S. Ph. 

R. Iodine, twenty r grains. 

Iodide of jjotassium, thirty grains. 

Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. Officinal under the name of So- 
lution of Iodine. Brit. Ph. 



3. 



Bath with Iodine. 
For adults. 1. 2. 

R. Iodide of po- 
tassium, 231 grs. 308 grs. 3Y0 grs. 
Iodine, 123 u 154 " 184 " 
Water, twenty fl. ounces. 

Dissolve, and add to bath of sixty gallons. 

For children. 
R. Iodide of po- 
tassium, 77 grs. 92 grs. 107 grs. 
Iodine, 38 " 46 " 61 u 



Water, 



ten fl. ounces. 



Dissolve, and add to bath of sixty gallons. 
Used in scrofulous affections. Lugol. 



Solution of Iodine. 

For internal use. 1. 2. 3. 

R. Iodine, \ gr. f gr. 1 gr. 

Common salt, 12 grs. 12 grs. 12 grs. 

Distilled water, Oj. Oj. Oj. 

For external use. 

R. Iodine, 2 grs. 3 grs. 4 grs. 

Distilled water, Oj. Oj. Oj. 

As a lotion. Lugol. 



Inhalation of Iodine. 
R. Tincture of iodine 

{Brit. Ph.), one fl. drachm. 

Water, one fl. ounce. 

Mix ; apply a gentle heat, and let the va- 
pors be inhaled! Brit. Ph. 



R. Compound solution of 

iodine, ten to forty drops. 

Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. Used with an atomizer in chronic 
bronchitis. Solis Cohen. 



R. Iodine, 

Chloroform, 

Dissolve. Forty drops to be inhaled at 
night. Butcher. 



twenty grains, 
one fl. ounce. 



Liniment of Iodine. ' 
R. Iodine, one ounce and a quarter. 

Iodide of potassium, half an ounce. 

Camphor, one quarter ounce. 

Rectified spirit, ten fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. Brit. Ph. 



Lotion of Iodine. 

R. Tincture of iodine, half afl. ounce. 
Iodide of iron, twelve grains. 

Chloride of anti- 



mony, 



half an ounce. 



Mix. As an application to corns, by means 
of a camel's-hair pencil, after the corn has 
been pared. Henderson. 

R. Tincture of iodine, one fl. drachm. 

Black drop, two fl. drachms. 

Oil of almonds, 

Lime water, each, two fl. ounces. 
Mix carefully. As a lotion for chilblains. 

Cadet. 

R. Iodine, one or two grains. 

Alcohol, one fl. drachm. 

Water, one pint. 

Mix. To wash scrofulous ulcers. Foy. 



Collyrium of Iodine. 
R. Iodide of potas- 
sium, twenty-five grains. 
Iodine, one grain. 
Rose water, eight troyounces. 

Dissolve. In scrofulous affections of the 
eye. Magendie. 



Mixture of Iodine. 
R. Tincture of iodine, ninety drops. 



Decoction of Peruvian 



bark, 



ten fl. ounces. 



Mix. 



Two spoonfuls, three times a day. 

Radius. 



R. Tincture of iodine, ten drops. 

Water of soapwort, four fl. ounces. 
Syrup of orange- 
flowers, one fl. ounce. 



IODINIUM. 



353 



Mix. In spoonful doses. In the treatment 
of scrofulous ulcers. Foy. 



Syrup of Iodo-tannin. 
R. Iodine, one part. 

Tannin, six parts. 

Distilled water, one hundred 

parts. 
Dissolve and evaporate to twenty parts, 
filter, and. to every sixty parts of the solu- 
tion, add enough syrup to make one thou- 
sand parts. Demolon. 
Dose, a tablespoonful, in scrofulous affec- 
tions, leucorrhcea, etc. Guilliermond has 
published a similar formula, containing 
three-fifths the above amount of iodine, and 
substituting extract of rhatany in place of 
the tannin. 



Clyster of Iodine. 
R. Gum Arabic, four drachms. 

Water, six fl. ounces. 

Dissolve, and add 

Tincture of iodine, five drops. 

In amenorrhcea, dysmenorrhcea, etc. 

Cadet. 



Gargle of Iodine. 
R. Tincture of iodine, one to two 

fl. drachms. 

Tincture of opium, one fl. drachm. 

Water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. As a gargle, in ulceration of the 

tonsils. Ross. 



Ointment of Iodine. 

R. Iodine, twenty grains. 

Iodide of potassium, four grains. 

Water, six minims. 

Lard, one tro3 T ounce. 

Eub the iodine and iodide with the water, 

and then with the lard, till thoroughly 

mixed. JJ. S. Ph. 

In goitre, scrofulous swellings, etc. 

R. Iodine, 

Iodide of potassium, 

each, thirty- two grains. 

Proof spirit, one fl. drachm. 

Prepared lard, two ounces. 

Proceed as above. Brit. Ph. 

R. Iodine, one scruple. 

Rose ointment, one ounce. 

Mix. To be applied to the tonsils, night 
and morning, by means of a brush. Not to 
be used till all inflammation is subdued. 

Cerchiari. 
23 



R. Iodine, 

Lard, 
Rub together carefully. 



one part. 

sixteen parts. 

Guibourt. 



Compound Ointment of Iodine. 
R. Iodine, fifteen grains. 

Iodide of potassium, thirty grs. 

Water, thirty minims. 

Lard, one troyounce. 

Eub the iodine and iodide of potassium with 
the water, and then with the lard, till 
thoroughly mixed. JJ. S. Ph. 

Used in same cases as the iodine oint- 
ment, but is more active. 



Iodine Ointment with Oil of Tobacco. 

R. Iodine, twelve grains. 

Iodide of potassium, four scruples. 



Oil of tobacco, 
Lard, 



fifty drops, 
two drachms. 



Mix. To relax rigid muscles. 



Dover. 



Iodine Ointment and Mercury. 

R. Mercurial ointment, sixteen 

parts. 
Iodine, three parts. 

Mix. In frictions, in ovarian dropsy. 

Radius. 



Liniment of Iodine. 
R. Liniment of opium, one fl. ounce. 
Tincture of iodine, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. Manson. 



Cataplasm of Iodine. 
R. Tincture of iodine, half fl. ounce, 
Flaxseed meal, one ounce. 

Oatmeal, three ounces. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Make a cataplasm. Used as an applica- 
tion to scrofulous tumors and goitre. 

JDunghson, N. Rem. 



Iodine Plaster. 
R. Iodine, one drachm. 

Iodide of potassium, one scruple. 
Water, half a fl. drachm. 

Triturate in a mortar, and add to 

Burgundj^ pitch, three ounces. 

Wax, 

Suet, each, half an ounce. 

Melt together, and triturate till well mixed. 



354 



IODOFORMUM. — IPECACUANHA 



IODOFORMUM. 

Iodoform. 
R. Water, one hundred parts. 

Alcohol, thirteen parts. 

Bicarbonate of sodium, 
Iodine, each, ten parts. 

Mix together in a flask and digest at a mod- 
erate heat in a water-bath until, after two 
or three hours, the liquid has lost its brown 
color ; add iodine in small quantities as long 
as the brown coloration, at first produced, 
disappears ; then cool, collect the crystals, 
wash c*nd dry them. Clary. 

By adding more carbonate of sodium, 
heating to 160°, and passing a rapid current 
of chlorine gas through the mother-liquor, 
an additional quantity of iodoform may be 
obtained. Filhol. 

It is in yellow scaly crystals, having a 
saffron-like odor, insoluble in water, readily 
soluble in alcohol, ether, fixed and volatile 
oils ; exposed to the air, it slowly volatilizes. 
It has tonic, stimulant, and alterative pro- 
perties, and produces in larger doses tetanic 
spasms and death ; locally it acts as an 
anaesthetic. Dose, one to three grains twice 
a day, best given in the form of pill. 

Suppositories of Iodoform. 

R. Iodoform, in powder, 

eighteen grains. 
Oil of theobroma, seven drachms. 
Triturate the iodoform with half a drachm 
of the oil, add to the remainder the oil pre- 
viously melted, and make six suppositories. 
In indurated piles and cancer of the rectum. 

Maitre. 

R. Iodoform, in powder, 

eighteen grains. 
Oil of theobroma, three drachms. 
Make six suppositories. In syphilitic ulcer- 
ations. Lallier. 



Ointment of Iodoform. 

R. Iodoform, thirty or forty grains. 
Simple ointment, one ounce. 

Mix thoroughly. In obstinate skin diseases, 
and in bubo, scrofulous glandular enlarge- 
ments, etc. Glover. 



Saponated Emulsion of Iodoform. 
R. Quillaia bark, one part. 

Stronger alcohol, sufficient. 

Prepare four parts of tincture and saturate 
1his with iodoform ; dilute one part of this 
liquid with four parts of water, and agitate. 
A portion of the water may be substituted 
by glycerin. 

Recommended as a convenient form for 
external use, and in doses of two to eight 
grains daily, internally. Lebaeuf. 



• IPECACUANHA. 

Ipecacuanha. 

The root of Cephaelis ipecacuanha, a small 
herbaceous plant, a native of Brazil. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ku- 
biacese. 

Richard, Bull. Med. iv. 92. Griffith, Med. 
Bot, 357. 

This root is about the size of a large quill, 
of an irregular, twisted shape, apparently- 
formed of small, unequal rings, about a 
line in height, separated by narrow inter- 
stices ; when broken, it presents two distinct 
parts, a thin ligneous centre, and a thick 
cortical layer of a brownish color, and some- 
what resinous appearance, having an her- 
baceous, sub-acrid, somewhat bitter taste, 
and a nauseous odor. Externally it pre- 
sents some varieties of color, but is usually 
brown. It is emetic, and sometimes purga- 
tive in full doses, and diaphoretic and ex- 
pectorant in small, but repeated quantities. 
As an emetic, the dose is fifteen to twenty 
grains ; as a nauseant, two to four grains ; 
as an expectorant, one to two grains. 



Compound Powder of Ipecacuanha. 
(Dover's Powder.) 

R. Ipecacuanha, 

Opium, each, in powder, 

one drachm. 

Sulphate of potassium, one ounce. 
Triturate thoroughly. U. S. Ph. 

R. Ipecacuanha, 
Liquorice root, 
Extract of opium, 

in powder, 
Sulphate of potassium, 
Nitrate of potassium, 

each, four ounces. 

Triturate well. Paris Codex. 

This latter formula approaches nearest 
to the original formula of Dover, but is not 
superior to the first, now generally used. 
Dose, five to ten grains, as a diaphoretic. 



each, one 
ounce. 



Dover's Powder (Original). 
R. Opium, one ounce. 

Saltpetre, 
Vitriolated tartar, 

each, four ounces. 

Ipecacuhan, one ounce. 

Liquorice, one ounce. 

" Put the saltpetre and tartar into a red- 
hot mortar, stirring them with a spoon 
until they have done flaming. Then powder 
them very fine. After that slice in your 
opium ; grind these to a powder, and then 
mix the other powders with them." 

Dover. 



IPECACUANHA. 



355 



Powder of Ipecacuanha and Tartar 
Emetic. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, 

one scruple. 

Tartar emetic, one grain. 

Mix. As an emetic, or in divided doses, 

as a nauseant and sudorific. * Ellis. 



Powder of Ipecacuanha and 
Rhubarb. 

R. Powdered ipecacuanha, 

u rhubarb, each, one 

scruple. 

Mix. As an emeto-cathartic in full doses ; 
or tonic alterative, in doses of three or four 
grains. 



Powder of Ipecacuanha and Chloride 
of Ammonium. 

R. Powdered ipecac- 
uanha, a quarter grain. 
Chloride of ammonium, twelve 

grains. 
Extract of liquorice, 
Sugar of milk, each, six grains. 
Mix. To be taken every two hours, as an 
expectorant, on the decline of pneumonia. 

Kopp. 



Powder of Ipecacuanha and 
Antimony. 

R. Ipecacuanha, 

Golden sulphuret of 

antimony, each, one grain. 

Camphor, three grains. 

Gum Arabic, one scruple. 

Triturate well. To be taken every two 
hours, in deficient expectoration in pneu- 
monia. Phoebus. 



Powder of Ipecacuanha and 
Carbonate of Sodium. 

R. Powdered ipecacuanha, 

" opium, each, one grain. 

Carbonate of sodium, twelve 

grains. 
Mix, and rub well together. To be taken 
every eight hours, in spasmodic asthma, 
hooping-cough, etc. A. T. Thomson. 



Powder of Ipecacuanha and Nitre. 
R. Dover's powder, one drachm. 

Nitre, one ounce. 

Mix. To be taken in divided doses. 

Beasley. 



R. Powdered ipecacuanha, six grains. 
" nitrate of 

potassium, thirty- 
grains. 
" myrrh, twelve grains. 

Mix, and divide into four powders ; one to 

be taken every four hours. Found useful 

in asthma, and the earlier stages of phthisis. 

A. T. Thomson. 



Powder of Ipecacuanha and Calomel. 

R. Powdered ipecacuanha, six grains. 

" opium % three grains. 

Calomel, one grain and a half. 

Powdered nitre, half a drachm. 

Mix, and make six powders. One, every 
three or four hours, as a diaphoretic. 

Ellis. 



Powder of Ipecacuanha and Myrrh. 

R. Powdered ipecacuanha, six grains. 

" myrrh, twelve grains. 

" nitre, half a drachm. 

Mix, and make four powders. One every 
four hours, as a stimulating expectorant. 

Paris. 



Powder of Ipecacuanha and 
Tragacanth. 

R. Powdered ipecacuanha, five grains. 
Compound tragacanth 

powder, ten grains. 

Mix, make a powder, to be taken every 
four or six hours. Useful at the com- 
mencement of febrile diseases, after clear- 
ing the stomach and bowels. 

A. T. Thomson. 



Extract of Ipecacuanha. 

R. Coarsely-powdered 

ipecacuanha, one part. 

Proof spirit, six parts. 

Treat by displacement ; distil off the spirit, 
and evaporate, on water-bath, to proper 
consistence. Paris Codex. 



Bolus of Ipecacuanha. 

R. Powdered ipecacuanha, two 

grains. 
Conserve of opium, one scruple. 



Prepared chalk, 

Mix, and make eight boluses, 
and morning, in dysentery. 



sufficient. 

Two, night 
St. Marie. 



356 



IPECACUANHA. 



R. Powdered ipecacuanha, 



Aromatic powder, 
Syrup of cinnamon, 

Mix, and make two boluses, 
evening, in dyspepsia. 



two 

grains. 

ten grains. 

sufficient. 

One in the 

Cadet. 



Pills of Ipecacuanha and Opium. 

R. Dover's powder, three parts. 

Confection of roses, one part. 

Mix, and make pills of four grains each. 

Ed. Ph. 



Pills of Ipecacuanha and Squill. 
R. Dover's powder, . three drachms. 

Powdered squill, 

Ammoniac, each, one drachm. 

Molasses, sufficient. 

Mix, and form mass. Dose, five to ten 
grains, as a diaphoretic. Brit. Ph. 



Pills of Ipecacuanha and Foxglove. 

R. Powdered ipecacuanha, 

" foxglove, 

each, half a drachm. 

Powdered opium, five grains. 

Extract of elecampane, sufficient. 

Mix, and make sixty pills. One, every 

three hours, in spasmodic asthma. Heim. 



Pills of Ipecacuanha and Centaury. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, 
Extract of centaury, 

each, fifteen grains. 

Powdered rhubarb, half a drachm. 

Mix, and make thirty pills. One, night 

and morning, in dyspepsia. Radius. 



Lozenges of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, 
" tragacanth, 

each, two drachms. 

Powdered arrowroot, 

two troyounces. 

" sugar, eight troyounces. 

Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. 

Mix the powders thoroughly, form into a 

mass with the syrup, and divide into four 

hundred and eighty troches. (I. S. Ph. 

Dose, one to three. 

A good expectorant in catarrh. Each 
contains a quarter of a grain of ipecacu- 
anha. 

The lozenges of Brit. Ph. contain the 
same amount of ipecac, but weigh abont 



seventeen grains each ; those of Ph. Germ. 
weigh one gramme, and contain one-thir- 
teenth of a grain of ipecacuanha. 



Lozenges of Ipecacuanha and 
Camphor. 

R. Powdered ipecacuanha, 

fifteen grains. 

" camphor, 

" sugar, each, one drachm. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 

Mix, and make sixty lozenges. Beasley. 

R. Powdered sugar, 

five hundred parts. 
Flake manna, one hundred and 
twenty-five parts. 
Powdered ipecacuanha, 

eighteen parts. 

Lactucarium, eight parts. 

Powdered squill, four parts. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 

Make into a uniform paste, and divide into 

lozenges of ten grains. Five or six a day, 

in catarrh, etc. Grunn. 



Confection of Ipecacuanha. 

R. Powdered ipecacuanha, 

twelve grains. 

Flowers of sulphur, one scruple. 

Powdered orris, one drachm. 

Syrup of mallow, 

Manna, each, two ounces. 

Mix. A teaspoonful, two or three times a 
day in hooping-cough. Bories. 



Decoction of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Bruised ipecacuanha, 

two drachms. 



Water, 



twelve ounces. 



One-third of the water is to be used at a 
time, so as to make three decoctions ; these 
are to be united, and should amount to six 
ounces. Celebrated in dysentery ; one- 
third to be taken at a dose. Soubeiran. 



Fluid Extract of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Ipecacuanha, in powder, 

No. GO, sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, eight fl. ounces. 

Stronger alcohol, one pint 

and a half. 



Water, 



twelve fi. ounces. 



Mix the alcohol and water, moisten powder 
with six fl. ounces of the mixture, pack 
firmly in a conical percolator, add remain- 



IPECACUANHA. 



357 



ing mixture and macerate for four days. 
Then with diluted alcohol obtain two pints 
of percolate, mix with glycerin and evap- 
orate, at or below 140°, to one pint. 

U. S. Ph. 

If evaporated at a higher heat, the fluid 
extract is more unsightly and may become 
gelatinous. 

The following modification of the officinal 
process is an improvement : mix the perco- 
late with two fl. ounces of glycerin, evap- 
orate at 140° to ten fl. ounces, cool, and 
filter, wash the filter with sufficient water 
to make the filtrate measure twelve fluid- 
ounces, and mix with four fluidounces of 
glycerin. Amer. Journ. Ph. 1873, Nov. 



Mixture of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, 

half a drachm. 

Tartar emetic, one grain. 

Tincture of squill, one fl. ounce. 

Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. 

Mix. Four tablespoonfuls ; then two every 

ten minutes, till vomiting is produced. 

Ellis. 

R. Powdered ipecacuanha, 

five grains. 
Syrup of poppies, one drachm. 
Spirit of cinnamon, two drachms. 
Chalk mixture, thirteen drachms. 

Mix. As a draught in dysentery. 

Hooper. 

R. Powdered ipecacuanha, 

two grains. 
Carbonate of sodium, ten grains. 
Syrup of poppies, one fl. ounce. 
Mint water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. In spoonfuls to check spasmodic 
vomiting. St. Marie. 

R. Ipecacuanha, one drachm. 

Senna, two drachms. 

Boiling water, six fl. ounces. 

Infuse for twelve hours, strain, and add 

Oxymel of squill, 

Syrup of hyssop, each, one ounce. 
Mix. In spoonfuls, in hooping-cough. 

Guibourt. 



Buckler's Croup Mixture. 

R. Tartar emetic, two grains. 

Powdered ipecacuanha, 

forty grains. 

Syrup of squill, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful every ten min- 
utes until it operates. Maryland Coll. Ph. 



Syrup of Ipecacuanha. 

R. Fluid extract of 

ipecacuanha, two fl. ounces. 

Syrup, thirty fl. ounces. 

Mix. U. S. Ph. 

R. Ipecacuanha, in powder, 

No. 60, two troyounces. 

Acetic acid, sixty minims. 

Glycerin, eight fl. ounces. 

Sugar, in coarse 

powder, eighteen troyounces. 
Moisten powder with a little alcohol, pack 
firmly in a cylindrical percolator, add two 
fl. ounces of alcohol, then eight fl. ounces 
of a mixture composed of two parts of alco- 
hol to one of water, and displace, finally, 
with diluted alcohol twelve fl. ounces ; 
evaporate the first two fl. ounces of the 
percolate spontaneously to a syrupy con- 
sistence, and the remaining ten fl. ounces 
mixed with the acetic acid, carefully in a 
water-bath to two fl. ounces and a half. 
Mix the two portions, add ten fl. ounces of 
water, evaporate to twelve fl. ounces, cool, 
filter, and wash the filter with water to ob- 
tain twelve fl. ounces of liquid ; in this dis- 
solve the sugar cold or with a moderate 
heat, add the glycerin, and strain. 

J. B. Moore. 
A tablespoonful represents fifteen grains 
of ipecacuanha. Dose, as an emetic for 
children, one to two fl. drachms ; as an ex- 
pectorant, five to twenty minims. 

R. Bruised ipecacuanha, one part. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 892, five parts. 

Distilled water, thirty-six parts. 
Digest for a day, express, filter, and add 

Sugar, sixty-six parts. 

Dissolve and strain. Ph. Germ. 

This is about one-fifth the strength of the 
preceding. 

R. Alcoholic extract of 

ipecacuanha, one part. 

Water, eight parts. 

Dissolve, filter, and mix with 

Syrup, ninety-nine parts. 

Boil to the consistency of syrup. 

Paris Codex. 



Compound Syrup of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Ipecacuanha, one drachm. 

Orris root, two drachms. 

Red Peruvian bark, half an ounce. 
Seneka, 
Iceland moss, each, two ounces. 



358 



IRIS FLOEEKTIM. 



Sugar, two pounds. 

Boiling water, two pints. 

Digest for two hours, strain, and evaporate 
to one pint ; then add the sugar, and make 
a syrup. In spoonful doses, as an expecto- 
rant. ' Courtois. 

R. Syrup of ipecacuanha, 
" poppies, 

each, two ounces. 
" orange-flowers, one 

ounce. 
Oxymel of squill, one ounce 

and a half. 
Mix. Two spoonfuls every hour, in hoop- 
ing-cough. Cadet. 



Tincture of Ipecacuanha. 

R. Bruised ipecacuanha, one part. 
Alcohol, sp. gr. .892, ten parts. 
Digest for a week, express, and filter. 

Ph. Germ. 

R. Bruised ipecacuanha, two ounces. 
Spirit of nitrous ether, two pints. 
Digest for eight days, and filter. Used as 
a diaphoretic in febrile affections. 

Mettauer. 



R 



Wine of Ipecacuanha. 

Fluid extract of 

ipecacuanha, two fl. ounces. 

Sherry wine, thirty fl. ounces. 

Mix, and filter. U. S. Ph. 

R. Ipecacuanha, bruised, one ounce. 
Sherry wine, one pint (imper.). 
Macerate for seven days, press, and filter. 

Brit. Ph. 

R. Ipecacuanha, bruised, one part. 
Sherry wine, ten parts. 

Macerate for a week, express, and filter. 

Ph. Germ. 
Emetic and diaphoretic. Dose, for an 
adult, as emetic, one fl. ounce ; for a child, 
one fl. drachm. 



Compound "Wine of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Ipecacuanha, four parts. 

Sugar, two parts. 

Diluted alcohol, twenty-four parts. 
Digest for eight days, and add 

Sherry wine, ninety-six parts. 

Star anise, one part. 

Sugar, four parts. 

Filter at the end of six days. Niemann. 



Wine of Ipecacuanha and Tartar 
Emetic. 

R. Wine of ipecacuanha, one fl. ounce. 

Tartar emetic, one grain. 

Mix. A teaspoonful, every ten or fifteen 

minutes, till vomiting is induced. Ellis. 



Alkaline Wine of Ipecacuanha. 

R. Wine of ipecacuanha, forty minims. 
Tincture of opium, eight drops. 
Carbonate of sodium, sixteen 

grains. 
Syrup, two fl. drachms. 

Water, fourteen fl. drachms. 

Mix. A teaspoonful, to children, in hoop- 
ing-cough. Pierson. 



Elixir of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, 

Balsam of tolu, each, half an ounce. 
Flowers of benzoin, | ^ 

OP' um > t drachms. 

Saffron, ) 

Oil of anise, one drachm. 

Camphor, two scruples. 

Alcohol, two pints. 

Digest, express, and filter. Dose, one to 
two drachms, as a stimulating sudorific. 

Cadet. 



IRIS FLORENTINA. 

Florentine Iris. Orris. 

The Florentine iris is a native of the 
southern parts of Europe, and affords a 
root, or rhizome, known as orris root. 

Sex. Syst. Triand. monog. Nat. Syst. Iri- 
dacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 55. Griffith, Med. Bot. 625. 

The rhizome is horizontal, knotty, and 
fragrant ; in a recent state it is acrid, and 
somewhat bitter ; this acrimony disappears 
in a great measure on desiccation. It is 
seldom used in medicine, but forms an in- 
gredient in numerous tooth-powders, etc. 



Dentifrice with Orris Root. 
R. Cream of tartar, two ounces. 

Powdered orris root, one ounce. 
" myrrh, 

" kino, each, half 

an ounce. 

Mix well. Redwood. 



IEIS YEESICOLOK — JALAPA 



359 



R. Powdered Castile soap, 
" orris root, 

each, two ounces. 
" cuttlefish bone, 

" prepared chalk, 

each, three ounces. 
Oil of cloves, 
Essence of lemon, 

each, twenty drops. 

Mix. Redwood. 



IRIS VERSICOLOR. 
Blue Flag. 

This is a native of the United States, 
where it? grows in moist and swampy loca- 
tions. 

Sex. Syst. Triand. monog. Nat. Syst. Iri- 
daceae. 

The rhizome, which is the officinal por- 
tion, is horizontal, jointed, of a brown color 
externally, grayish within ; it has a feeble 
but nauseating odor, and an acrid, bitterish 
taste. It possesses cathartic and emetic 
properties. Dose, twenty to thirty grains, 
in the form of powder. 



JALAPA. 
Jalap. 

Jalap is the tuber of the Exogonium purga 
(Ipomcea jalapa), a, native of Mexico. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Con- 
volvulacese. 

Coxe, Am. Journ. Med. Sci., 1830. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 474. 

The root, when dried, is in pieces of va- 
rious forms and sizes ; usually entire, but 
sometimes in slices. The epidermis is thin 
and brown ; within it is grayish, with 
brown, concentric rings. The powder is of 
a brownish-yellow, with a peculiar, un- 
pleasant odor, and a sweetish, sub-acrid, 
nauseous taste. It is an active purgative, 
in doses of ten to thirty grains. 



Powder of Jalap and Calomel. 
B. Powdered jalap, ten grains. 

Calomel, five grains. 

Mix. To he given in syrup or molasses. 
As a purgative. Ellis. 

R. Powdered jalap, twelve grains. 
Calomel, three grains. 

Sulphate of potassium, 

seven grains. 

Mix. Make a powder to be taken at night ; 
a useful purge in diminishing the action of 
the liver. A. T. Thomson. 



Powder of Jalap and Cream of Tartar. 

R. Powdered jalap, one drachm. 

Cream of tartar, six drachms. 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One 
every three hours, as a hydragogue purga- 
tive. Ellis. 



R. Jalap, two ounces. 

Cream of tartar, one ounce. 

Sugar, thirteen ounces. 

Oil of orange-peel, two drachms. 
Mix. Dose, one to two drachms. Cadet. 

R. Powdered jalap, one ounce. 

Cream of tartar, two ounces. 

Mix. U.S. Ph. 

Dose, thirty grains to a drachm. 

R. Powdered jalap, five ounces. 

Cream of tartar, nine ounces. 

Powdered ginger, one ounce. 

Mix. Half a drachm to one drachm, as a 
hydragogue purgative. Brit. Ph. 

The last two are called compound pow- 
der of jalap. 



Powder of Jalap and Ipecacuanha. 

R. Jalap, fifteen grains. 

Ipecacuanha, five grains. 

Oil of cinnamon, two drops. 

Mix. Paris. 



Powder of Jalap and Scammony. 
R. Jalap, one drachm. 

Scammony, one scruple. 

Ipecacuanha, ten drachms. 

Mix, and divide into powders of eight 
grains. In mucous discharges. Dumas. 



Extract of Jalap. 
R. Jalap, in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troyounces. 

Alcohol, four pints. 

Water, sufficient. 



360 



JALAPA 



Moisten the jalap with three fl. ounces of 
alcohol and obtain by the process of dis- 
placement, first by alcohol, then by water, 
four pints of tincture and six pints of in- 
fusion. Distil off the alcohol from the 
tincture, and evaporate the infusion till 
both are of the consistence of thin honey, 
mix them, and evaporate to proper consist- 
ence. U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. exhausts the jalap by macera- 
tion, first with alcohol, afterwards with 
water, and proceeds as before. 

Dose, from ten to twenty grains. 



Resin of Jalap. 
R. Jalap, in powder, 

No. 60, sixteen troy ounces. 

Alcohol, 

Water, each, sufficient. 

Moisten the jalap with four fl. ounces of 
alcohol, pack firmly in a cylindrical perco- 
lator, add twelve fl. ounces of alcohol, and 
macerate for four days ; then displace with 
alcohol until the percolating tincture ceases 
to produce turbidity with water. Reduce 
by distillation to six fl. ounces, and add it, 
constantly stirring, to seven pints of water. 
Decant the liquid when clear, wash the 
precipitate twice with water, by decanta- 
tiou, press out the water, and dry the resin 
by a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. 

The process of Brit. Ph. is essentially 
the same ; Ph. Germ, exhausts the jalap 
by maceration with alcohol. 

Dose, two to five grains. 



Alkaline Extract of Jalap. 
R. Powdered jalap, two pounds. 

Alcohol (.921), one gallon. 

Digest for some days, strain, and filter; 
evaporate slowly on the water-bath to a 
pilular consistence, adding gradually 

Carbonate of potassium, twelve 

drachms. 

Dose, three to nine grains. Durand. 



Jalap Soap. 
R. Resin of jalap, 

Soap, each, four parts. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. .892, eight parts. 
Dissolve and evaporate in a water-bath to 
nine parts. Dose, five to ten grains. 

Ph. Germ. 



Jalap Pills. 
R. Jalap soap, throe parts. 

Powdered jalap, one part. 



Mix, and make into pills, each weighing 
ten centigrammes (one grain and a half). 

Ph. Germ. 



Compound Pills of Jalap. 
R. Jalap, } 

Rhubarb, > each, one ounce. 

Aloes, ) 

Soap, two ounces. 

Syrup of ginger, sufficient. 

Mix, and form mass. Dose, twenty to 
thirty grains. Fay. 



Pills of Jalap and Calomel. 

R. Resin of jalap, ~) , 

Calomel, P 't ea ° h , ° ne 

Soap, \ drachm - 

Oil of orange-peel, six drops. 

Mix, and make sixty pills. Alibert. 

R. Jalap, 

Calomel, each, twelve parts. 

Extract of aloes, eight parts. 

Colocynth pulp, five parts. 

Resin of jalap, two parts. 

Mix, and divide each troyounce of the mass 
into three hundred pills. This is one of 
the many formulas for the German or 
Kaiser pills. Hager. 



Electuary of Jalap. 
R. Powdered jalap, 
Black sulphuret of 

mercury, each, two drachms. 
Scammony, one drachm. 

Resin of jalap, 

Squill, each, one drachm 

and a half. 

Syrup of buckthorn, sufficient. 

Mix. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm, in 

dropsy or lead colic. Cadet. 



each, half 
an ounce. 



R. Powdered jalap, 

Cream of tartar, 

Nitre, 

Confection of senna, one ounce. 

Simple syrup, sufficient. 

Mix. A bolus the size of a hazel-nut, three 
or four times a day, in hemorrhoids. Ellis. 



Emulsion of Jalap. 

R. Resin of jalap, seven and a 

half grains. 

White sugar, one ounce. 

Yolk of egg, half a one. 



JUGLANS CINEREA. JUNIPEEUS, 



361 



Water, four fl. ounces. 

Orange-flower water, two 

fl. ounces. 

Triturate the resin with a portion of the 
sugar, then with the yolk, and finally with 
the other ingredients. Paris Codex. 

R. Resin of jalap, nine grains. 

Soap, three grains. 

Olive oil, one ounce and a half. 
Triturate well. Said to be useful in dys- 
entery. A tablespoonful, occasionally. 

Vogel. 



Mixture of Jalap. 

R. Infusion of senna, six fl. ounces. 

Extract of jalap, half a drachm. 

Tartrate of potassium, four 

drachms. 

Oleoresin of ginger, twenty 

minims. 
Mix. Beasley. 



Tincture of Jalap. 

R. Jalap, in powder, 

six troyounces. 



No. 60, 



Alcohol, 

Water, each, sufficient. 

Obtain by percolation two pints of tinc- 
ture, using a mixture of two measures of 
alcohol with one of water. U. S. Ph. 

The tincture of Brit. Ph. is of about 
the same strength, two and a half ounces 
of jalap and alcohol, sp. gr. .920, being 
used to obtain one imperial pint of tinc- 
ture. 

Seldom given alone, but added to ca- 
thartic mixtures, in portions of one to two 
fl. drachms. 



Tincture of Jalap Resin. 

R. Resin of jalap, one part. 

ten parts. 



Alcohol, 



Dissolve. 



Ph. Germ. 



Compound Tincture of Jalap. 

R. Jalap, eight ounces. 

Scammony, two ounces. 

Turpeth, one ounce. 

Brandy, twelve pints. 

Digest for twelve hours, on a water-bath, 
filter, and add 

Syrup of senna, four pounds. 

Mix. Giordano. 



Mixture of Tincture of Jalap. 

R. Tincture of jalap, two fl. drachms. 
Vinegar of squill, one fl. drachm. 
Mint water, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. To be taken three times a day. 

Ellis. 



JUGLANS CINEREA. 
Butternut. 

The Butternut, or White Walnut, is an 
indigenous tree, with numerous, nearly 
horizontal, branches, found in many places 
in the United States. 

Sex. /Syst. Monoec. polyand. Nat. Syst. Jug- 
landacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1415. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
589. 

The part used is the inner bark, especially 
of the root ; this is fibrous, has little odor, 
but a bitter, somewhat acrid taste. It is, at 
first, white, but gradually changes to a dark 
brown. It is a mild cathartic, and is well 
suited to cases of costiveness and bowel 
affections. It is usually given in extract. 
In Europe the leaves and the rind of the 
green fruit of J. regia are employed as altera- 
tives and A'ermifuges. 



Extract of Butternut. 

R. Butternut, in powder, 

No. 40, twelve tro3>-ounces. 



Water, 



sufficient. 



Mix the butternut with four fl. ounces of 
water, pack into a percolator, and exhaust. 
Boil the liquid to three-fourths of its bulk, 
strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, from five to ten grains, as a laxa- 
tive ; from twenty to thirty, as a purga- 
tive. 



JUNIPERUS. 
Juniper. 

The common Juniper, J. communis, is an 
erect, evergreen shrub, sometimes attaining 
a large size, found in Europe and Northern 
Asia and America. The tops and the berries 
are officinal. 

Sex. Syst. Dicec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. 
"Pin e\ ppkp 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1470. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
608. 

The berries are oblong globular, marked 
with three radiating furrows at top, and con- 
tain three seeds. They are of a purplish- 
black color, have a sweetish, somewhat 
terebintbinate taste, and a peculiar, aromatic 
odor. They are used as stimulating diuret- 
ics, especially as adjuvants to more active 
remedies. The tops have a balsamic odor, 
and a resinous, bitterish taste, with the 
same medicinal properties as the berries. 



3G2 



JUXIPERUS, 



Extract of Juniper. 
R. Bruised juniper berries, one part. 
Hot water, four parts. 

Macerate until cold, express gently, let 
subside, strain, and evaporate to the con- 
sistence of a thin extract. Dose, one to 
three drachms. Ph. Germ. 



Infusion of Juniper. 
R. Juniper berries, bruised, one 

troyounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for an hour, and strain. To be 
taken during the twenty-four hours. 

U. S. Ph. 



Compound Infusion of Juniper. 
(Cider Mixture.) 

R. Juniper berries, bruised,} each, 
Mustard seed, V- half an 

Ginger, ) ounce. 

Horseradish, bruised, 
Parsley root, bruised, each, 

one ounce. 
Cider, two pints. 

Infuse, and strain. A wineglassful, two or 
three times a day, in general dropsy. 

Parrish. 

R. Juniper berries, 

bruised, one ounce and a half. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse in a close vessel for two hours, strain, 
and add 

Cream of tartar, one ounce. 

Mix. A teacupful, several times a day, 
with forty drops of sweet spirit of nitre. 
In dropsy. Ellis. 

R. Juniper berries, 

bruised, two ounces and a half. 
Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse for two hours, and strain ; add 
Compound spirit 

of juniper, ten fl. drachms. 

Dose, two fl. ounces, three times a day. 

Beasley. 

R. Juniper berries, 

bruised, four ounces. 

Boiling water, twelve fl. ounces. 

Holland gin, four fl. ounces. 

Mix, and macerate for twelve hours ; then 
throw on a col Ion cloth, and express. Then 
let sufficient water be added to the dregs, 
and pressed out to make a pint. The ad- 
vantages of this preparation are greater 
strength and permanency. 

W. Procter, Jr. 



Electuary of Juniper. 

R. Extract of juniper, 

Clarified honey, each, one pound. 

Juniper berries, } , 

Cinnamon, y a , \„ 

r. ' t ( half an ounce. 

Orange-peel, ) 

Mix. Stomachic and diuretic. Dose, one 
to four drachms. Saxon Ph. 



Mixture •with Oil of Juniper. 

R. Oil of juniper, half a drachm. 

Spirit of nitrous ether, 
Tincture of foxglove, 



each. 



three drachms. 



Mix. Twenty to thirty drops every three 
hours. Hufeland. 

R. Oil of juniper, twenty -five drops. 

Sugar, 

Gum Arabic, each, two drachms. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or two, 
as a diuretic. Ellis. 



Spirit of Juniper. 

R. Oil of juniper, one fl. ounce. 

Stronger alcohol, three pints. 

Dissolve. U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. directs alcohol of .920 sp. gr. 

and the proportions 1 : 49. 

R. Bruised juniper berries, one part. 
Alcohol, 
Water, each, three parts. 

Macerate for a day, and distil four parts. 

Ph. Germ. 



Compound Spirit of Juniper. 
R. Juniper berries, bruised, one 

pound. 
Caraway, bruised, 
Fennel, bruised, 

each, one ounce and a half. 

Diluted alcohol, one gallon. 

Water, two pints. 

Macerate in the alcohol for twenty-four 
hours, add the water, and, with a slow fire, 
distil one gallon. U. S. Ph. 1840. 

R. Oil of juniper, one fl. drachm 

and a half. 
" caraway, 

" fennel, each, ten minims. 

Alcohol, five pints. 

Water, three pints. 

Dissolve the oils in the alcohol, and mix 

with the water. U. S. Ph. 



JUNIPEEUS OXYCEDRUS 



KINO 



363 



Dose, two to four fl. drachms, as an addi- 
tion to diuretic mixtures, etc., in debilitated 
cases of dropsy. 



Liniment of Juniper. 
R. Oil of juniper, one ounce and 

a half. 
Oil of anise, six drops. 

Lard, two ounces. 

Mix well ; as an application in tinea ca- 
pitis. Sully. 

R. Spirit of juniper, two ounces. 

Oil of cloves, 

Concrete oil of nutmeg, 

each, half a drachm. 

Mix. As a friction in ecchymosis, and in- 
dolent tumors. Augustin. 



JUNIPERUS OXYCEDRUS. 

Cade Juniper. 

The cade juniper is a shrub growing in 
southern Europe and Asia. The wood, 
which is resinous and of an agreeable, some- 
what terebinthinate odor, is used for obtain- 
ing the empyreumatic oil, known as oil of 
cade, which is made principally in the south 
of France, and has a brownish-black color, 
and a disagreeable tar-like odor. 

Sex. Syst. Dioec. monadelph. 

Nat. Syst. Pinaceae. 

Oil of cade is employed in medicine ex- 
ternally, for the cure of cutaneous diseases. 



Tincture of Oil of Cade and Soft Soap. 
R. Oil of cade, 



Soft soap, 
Alcohol, 
Oil of lavender, 
Dissolve. 



each, 



one ounce. 

one fl. drachm. 
Till. Fox. 



JUNIPERUS YIRGINIANA. 

Red Cedar. 

The tops of the red cedar are officinal. 
This is an evergreen tree, sometimes attain- 
ing a great size, with small, fleshy, closely 
imbricated leaves. It is found in all parts 
of the United States, but is most abundant 
and vigorous in the South. 

Sex,. Syst. Dicec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. 

Linn. *Sp. PI. 1471. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
609. 

The leaves or tops have a peculiar and 
somewhat aromatic odor, a bitterish and 
somewhat acrid taste. They have much 
the same properties as those of savine, but 
are not as active, though often used as a 
substitute for them. 



Cerate of Red Cedar. 
R. Powdered red cedar 
leaves, 
Resin cerate, 
Mix the powder with the cerate previously 
softened. Used as a substitute for savine 
cerate, but is much less effectual. Wood. 



one ounce. 
six ounces. 



K 



KINO. 
Kino. 

This is an extract obtained from several 
different plants, but that most used and 
esteemed is the product of Pterocarpus mar- 
supium, a large tree, indigenous to some 
parts of India. 

It is usually in small, angular fragments, 
of a dark, brownish-black color, opaque and 
shining; of a brittle and friable consistence, 
an astringent and slightly bitter taste ; ad- 
hering to the teeth when chewed, and tin- 
ging the saliva of a red color. It is a pow- 
erful astringent, and much used in the treat- 
ment of mucous discharges, etc., and as a 
local application in gonorrhoea, to indolent 
ulcers, relaxed uvula, etc. The dose in 
powder is from ten to thirty grains. 



Compound Powder of Kino. 

R. Powdered kino, fifteen parts. 

" opium, one part. 

" cinnamon, four parts. 

Brit. Ph. 



Mix thoroughly. 

Dose, five to twenty grains. 

As an anodyne astringent, in diarrhoea 
and hemorrhage of the bowels. 



R. Powdered kino, 
Sugar of milk, each, 



one scruple. 



Mix. To be taken every three or four 
hours, in cardialgia. Radius. 



364 



KEAMERIA 



Compound Pills of Kino. 
R. Powdered kino, one scruple. 

" opium, two grains. 

Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, sufficient. 

Mix, aud make four pills. One, every four 
hours, iu diarrhoea, pyrosis, etc. Ellis. 

R. Powdered kino, two scruples. 

" camphor, thirty grains. 

Aromatic powder, one scruple. 

Oxide of zinc, ten grains. 

Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, sufficient. 

Mix, and make twenty pills. Two, morn- 
ing and evening, in diabetes. Augustin. 



Electuary of Kino. 
R. Powdered kino, six drachms. 

" alum, 

" cinnamon, 

each, two drachms. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix into an electuary. One drachm, two 
or three times a day, in diarrhoea, chronic 
dysentery, etc. Swediaur. 



Infusion of Kino. 

R. Kino, two drachms. 

Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 

Infuse, and strain when cool. Dose, a 

fl. ounce. Wood. 



Injection of Kino. 
R. Kino, one to two drachms. 

Alum, twenty to thirty grains. 

Boiling water, two pints. 

Infuse for an hour, and strain. As an in- 
jection in chronic urethritis. Swediaur. 



Syrup of Kino. 
R. Kino, 

Tepid water, 
Dissolve, and add 

Sugar, four pounds. 

Clarify, and evaporate to consistence of 
syrup. 



two ounces, 
three pints. 



Taddei. 



Tincture of Kino. 
R. Powdered kino, one part. 

Alcohol, five parts. 

Macerate for a week, and filter. 

Ph. Germ. 



R. Powdered kino, two ounces. 

Rectified spirit, one pint (imp.). 
Macerate for seven days, and filter. 

Brit. Ph. 

R. Powdered kino, six drachms. 

Mix the kino with an equal bulk of sand, 
introduce into a percolator, and with a 
mixture of two measures of alcohol with 
one of water, obtain eight fl. ounces of tinc- 
ture. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. drachms, generally 
as an adjuvant to astringent mixtures. 



KRAMERIA. 
Rhatany. 

The roots of several species of Krameria 
are possessed of analogous properties, but 
the only oue that is officinal is that of K. 
triandra, a small shrub found in Peru, in 
dry, sandy places. The stem is procumbent, 
and much branched, with sessile, hairy 
leaves, and dark red flowers. The root is 
long and branching. 

Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Poly- 
galacese. 

Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Per. i. 93. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 227. ' 

The dried root is of a dark, reddish-brown 
color, with no odor, but a bitter and astrin- 
gent taste. The small roots are the most 
powerful. It is somewhat tonic, and power- 
fully astringent. It is used for most pur- 
poses to which the vegetable astringents 
are applied. The dose in powder is from 
twenty to thirty grains. 



Compound Powder of Rhatany. 
R. Extract of rhatany, 

Catechu, each, ten grains. 

Alum, four grains. 

Powdered liquorice, ten grains. 
Mix. *To be taken three or four times a 
day, in diarrhoea, etc. Vogt. 



Dentifrice of Rhatany. 
R. Extract of rhatany, 

one to two drachms. 
Myrrh, one drachm. 

Powdered orris, six drachms. 

Oil of cinnamon, two drops. 

" myrrh, ten drops. 

Balsam of Peru, ten grains. 

Mix well. Phoebus. 



Extract of Rhatany. 
Prepared like extract of gentian, 
by percolation with cold water. 
U. S. Ph., Brit. Ph., Ph.Germ. 
Dose, ten to twenty grains. 



KEAMERIA. 



365 



Fluid Extract of Rhatany. 
R. Rhatany, in powder, 

No. 60, sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, three fl. ounces. 

Water, five fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of 
the mixed liquids, pack firmly in a glass 
percolator, add the remainder of the liquid, 
and macerate for four days. Then, with 
diluted alcohol, percolate twenty-four fl. 
ounces, reserving the first fourteen, add to 
the remainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, 
evaporate to two fl. ounces, and mix with 
the reserved portion. U. S. Ph. 



Pills of Rhatany. 
R. Extract of rhatany, one scruple. 
Powdered kino, sufficient. 

Mix, and make eight pills. One, every 
hour or two, to check mucous discharges. 

Ellis. 

R. Extract of rhatany, one drachm. 

" rhubarb, two scruples. 

Ginger, one scruple. 

Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Reece. 



Electuary of Rhatany. 
R. Powdered rhatan3 r , one ounce. 



ginger, 



one drachm. 



Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. 
Mix. A teasnoonful every two or three 
hours. Ferrara Ph. 



Infusion of Rhatany. 

R. Krameria, in powder, 

one troyounce. 



No. 40, 



Water 



sufficient. 



Obtain by percolation one pint. U. S. Ph. 

R. Bruised rhatany, half an ounce. 
Boiling water, ten fl. ounces. 

Infuse for four hours, and strain. 

Brit. Ph. 

Dose, one to two fl. ounces. 



Collutory of Rhatany. 
R. Extract of rhatanjr, half a drachm. 
Mucilage of quince 

seed, two drachms and a half. 
Sage water, one ounce end a half. 
Mix. As a mouth-wash in aphthae, etc. 

Radius. 



Clyster of Rhatany. 
R. Extract of rhatany, one scruple. 
Mucilage of quince 

seed, three drachms. 

Iufusion of sage, one fl. ounce 

and a half. 

Mix. To check diarrhoea, etc. Amman. 



Injection of Rhatany. 

R. Extract of rhatany, half an ounce. 
Tincture of catechu, 
" kino, 

each, one drachm and a half. 
To be added to a decoction of 

Rhatany, ten drachms, 

Water, three pints, 

reduced to two-thirds, and strained. As an 

injection in leucorrhcea, and prolapsus of the 

uterus. Cadet. 



Mixture of Rhatany. 
R. Extract of rhatany, one part. 

Water, twenty parts. 

Syrup of quinces, ten parts. 

Dissolve and mix. Paris Codex. 

R. Extract of rhatany, one drachm. 

Syrup of poppies, 

Rose water, each, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in passive 
hemorrhage and chronic dysentery. 

Fouquieur. 

R. Extract of rhatany, one drachm. 

Chamomile water, 

Elixir of vitriol, 
Mix. As the last. 



six fl. ounces, 
half a drachm. 

Hildebrand. 



Syrup of Rhatany. 
R. Rhatany, in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troyounces. 

Sugar, thirty troyounces. 

Water, sufficient. 

Mix the rhatany with half a pint of water, 
macerate for two hours, and obtain by per- 
colation four pints of infusion ; evaporate 
in a water-bath to seventeen fl. ounces, dis- 
solve the sugar, and strain. Or, 

R. Fluid extract of 

rhatany, twelve fl. ounces. 

Syrup, twenty-four fl. ounces. 

Mix. U.S. Ph. 

Forty parts of syrup contain one part of 
extract of rhatany. ' Paris Codex. 



366 



LAC. 



Tincture of Rhatany. 
R. Powdered rhatany, sixtroyounces. 
Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement two pints. 

The tinctures of Ph. Germ, and Paris 
Codex are nearly of same strength. 

two and a 

half ounces. 

Proof spirit, sp. gr. .920, sufficient. 

Obtain by maceration and percolation, one 

imperial pint. Brit. Ph. 

Dose, one to two fl. drachms. 



R. Powdered rhatany, 



Compound Ointment of Rhatany. 



R. Burgundy pitch, 
Venice turpentine, 
White wax, 
Extract of rhatany, 
Alum, 



eight parts, 
two parts. 

one part, 
two parts. 

one part. 



Melt the first three ingredients over a gentle 
fire, and add the rhatany and alum, in fine 
powder, and incorporate well. 

Useful where an astringent application 
is indicated. . 



LAC. 

Milk. 

The milk of several animals has been used 
medicinally, but that generally employed is 
from the cow. It is mostly employed in the 
form of whey, and of sugar of milk. 



Simple Whey. 
R. Milk, two hundred parts. 

Prepared rennet, one part. 

Heat together to 120° till a uniform curd 
is formed, and strain. A good diluent in 
febrile affections ; when boiled down to one- 
half ii is nutritive. Ph. Germ. 



Clarified Whey. 

R. Milk, one litre. 

Boil, and add sufficient tartaric acid, dis- 
solved in eight parts of water, to coagu- 
late ; strain with expression, mix the whey 
with one-half of the white of an egg, pre- 
viously beaten with a little cold water, heat 
again to boiling, strain, and pass through 
a moistened filter. Paris Codex. 



Vinegar Whey. 
R. Milk, one pint. 

Vinegar, half fl. ounce. 

Boil a few minutes, and separate the curd. 

Ellis. 



R 



Tamarind Whey. 
Boiling milk, one hundred parts. 
Tamarinds, four parts. 

Boil till coagulation is effected, and strain. 

Ph. Germ. 



Cream of Tartar Whey. 

R. Boiling milk, one hundred parts. 
Cream of tartar, one part. 

Boil until the curd separates, and strain. 

Ph. Germ. 



R 



Alum Whey. 

Boiling milk, one hundred parts. 
Alum, one part. 

Proceed as above. A glassful occasionally, 
in passive hemorrhages. Ph. Germ. 



R 



Aromatic Alum Whey. 

Powdered alum, one drachm. 

Sugar of milk, half a drachm. 

Powdered cinnamon, fifteen grains. 

Milk, two pints. 

Boil, and strain when coagulated. In 
passive uterine hemorrhages. To be taken 
during the day. Niemann. 



Mustard Whey. 
R. Bruised mustard seed, half an 

ounce. 
Milk, one pint. 

Boil till the milk is coagulated, and strain. 
A cupful, as a diuretic, in dropsical affec- 
tions. A. T. Thomson. 



Wine Whey. 
R. Boiling milk, half a pint. 

White wine, one to two fl. ounces. 

Sugar, sufficient. 

Boil for ten minutes, constantly stirring, 



LACCA. 



3G7 



then strain. A good mode of giving wine 
as a stimulant. Dose must depend on cir- 
cumstances. Ellis. 



Powder of Milk. 
R. Milk, two pints. 

Powdered carbonate 

of sodium, half a drachm. 

Water, one fl. ounce. 

Sugar, one pound. 

Dissolve the soda in the water, add the 
solution to the milk, gently heat, and stir. 
"When evaporated to one-third, add the 
sugar gradually, and stir. Remove from 
fire, pour into plates, and dry in an oven. 
When dry, powder, and keep in well- 
stopped bottles. One to two ounces, mixed 
with a quart of water, forms an agreeable 
driuk, and is a good substitute for milk. 

Legrip. 



Artificial Goats' Milk. 
R. Fresh suet, one ounce. 

Cut in small pieces, and tie in a muslin 
bag, and boil in 



two pints. 
two drachms. 



Milk, 

Sugar candy, 

A good diet in scrofulous emaciation, and 
in latter stages of phthisis. 

A. T. Thomson. 



Mixture of Milk and Suet. 

R. Sheep's suet, two ounces. 

Milk, one pint. 

Starch, half an ounce. 

Boil slowly for half an hour. As a drink, 
in dysentery and cholera infantum. Ellis. 



Milk and Soda Water. 

R. Milk, a teacupful. 

Heat nearly to boiling, and add 

Sugar, a teaspoonful. 

Put in a large tumbler, and add 

Soda water, sufficient. 

A good mode of taking milk when there is 
much acidity of stomach. A. T. Thomson. 



Syrup of Milk. 
R. Skimmed milk, twelve pounds. 
Evaporate to one-half, and add 

Sugar, nine pounds. 

Cherry-laurel water, three ounces. 

Guibourt. 



China Cement. 
R. Curd of milk, dried 

and powdered, ten ounces. 

Quicklime, powdered, one ounce. 
Camphor, two drachms. 

Mix, and keep in closely-stopped bottles. 
When used, a portion is to be mixed with 
a little water into a paste, to be applied 
quickly. Used to cement broken glass, 
china, etc. Cooley. 



LACCA. 
Lac 

Is a resinous substance obtained from 
several kinds of East Indian plants, but 
particularly from tbe Croton lacciferum. 
Many varieties are known in commerce, 
but tbe principal are seed, sbell, and stick 
lac, of whicb tbe purest is tbe sbell. This 
is in tbin fragments of various sbades of 
yellow, or reddish color ; brittle, inodorous, 
and insipid. It is somewhat astringent, and 
was formerly used in medicine, but is now 
mainly employed in tbe arts, for the manu- 
facture of varnishes, sealing wax, etc. 



White or Bleached Lac. 

R. Shell lac, at will. 

Boil in solution of potassa, pass chlorine 
gas through the solution, and malaxate in 
hot water. Redwood. 



Aqueous Solution of Lac. 

R. Shell lac, five ounces. 

Borax, one ounce. 

Water, one pint. 

Boil together, and strain. Used as a var- 
nish, or a vehicle for colors. Mixed with 
lampblack, it forms an ink that will resist 
the action of acids. Cooley. 



Cement of Shell Lac. 
R. Shell lac, at will. 

Alcohol, sufficient 

to make a solution of the consistence of 
molasses. Exceedingly tenacious. 

Cooley. 



Red Sealing "Wax. 
R. Shell lac, two pounds. 

Venice turpentine, one pound. 
Yermilion, or best 

dichromate of lead, one pound 
and a half. 
Melt the lac and turpentine together, and 
stir in the vermilion. Gray. 

The other colored waxes are made in the 
same manner, using the appropriate pig- 
ment. 



368 



LACTUCA CANADENSIS. — LACTUCA 



LACTUCA CANADENSIS. 
Wild Lettuce. 

L. canadensis or elongata is an indigenous, 
herbaceous perennial, from three to six feet 
high, with pale yellow flowers, growing in 
woods and fertile soils. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. sequal. Nat. Syst. 
Asfprn ppsp 

Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 1525. Big. Seq. 241. 

The milk juice dried has the properties 
of the European lactucariuin, and may he 
given in the same doses ; see Proceed. Amer. 
Ph. Assoc. 1868, 405. 



LACTUCA. 

Lettuce. 

This well-known plant is commonly culti- 
vated for the table as a salad. It is erect 
and leafy, the leaves being ovate, semi- 
ampiexicaul, and entire or toothed ; the 
whole abounding in a bitter, milky juice. 

It is anodyne and sedative, but is seldom 
used in this country except in the form of 
the extract, or lactucariuin ; but is employed 
to fulfil many indications in Europe. 



Mixture of Lettuce and Dandelion. 
R. Fresh leaves of lettuce,"} each, 

" root of dandelion, >■ three 
" " chicory, ) ounces. 
Beat the whole into a pulp, adding, grad- 
ually, 

Peppermint water, three fl. ounces. 
Express, and filter. To be taken, during 
the day, in hypochondriasis with insomnia. 

Vogt. 



Extract of Lettuce. 
(Thridace.) 

R. Fresh bark of the 

stalks of lettuce, at will. 

Bruise, express the juice, clarify it, strain, 
and evaporate in a water-bath to a firm 
extract. Paris Codex. 

R. Flowering herb of lettuce, at will. 
Bruise, express the juice, heat gradually to 
130° to separate chlorophyll; heat the 
strained liquor to 200°, and filter from co- 
agulated albumen; evaporate the filtrate 
on a water-bath to a syrupy consistence, 
add the chlorophyll, previously separated, 
and evaporate at 140° to a pilular consist- 
ence. Dose, five to fifteen grains. 

Brit. Ph. 
/'It. Germ, removes chlorophyll and al- 
bumen by heal and gummy principles by 
adding alcohol to the concentrated juice. 



Syrup of Thridace. 
R. Thridace, one part. 



Water, 



eight parts. 



Add to the filtered solution 

Syrup, forty-nine parts. 

Boil down to sp. gr. 1.26. Paris Codex. 



Lactucarium. 

R. Collect the milky juice that flows 
from incisions made in the stalks 
of lettuce, and allow it to harden. 

Dose, five to eight grains. 



Pills of Lactucarium. 

R. Lactucarium, twelve grains. 

Make six pills ; one every two hours, till 
sleep is procured. Ellis. 

R. Lactucarium, twelve grains. 

Conserve of elder berries, 

Extract of liquorice, 

each, sufficient. 

Mix, and make four pills. One, every 
three hours, in obstinate coughs, without 
expectoration. Brera. 



Mixture of Lactucarium. 

R. Lactucarium, thirty grains. 

Decoction of Iceland 

moss, two ounces. 

Mucilage, half an ounce. 

Syrup, one ounce. 

Mix. Two spoonfuls every two hours, in 

spasmodic cough, insomnia, hysteria, etc. 

Brera. 



Syrup of Lactucarium. 
R. Lactucarium, one troyounce. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Syrup, fourteen fl. ounces. 

Rub lactucarium with enough diluted alco- 
hol to a syrupy consistence ; put into a 
conical percolator, cover the surface with 
muslin, and obtain with diluted alcohol 
half a pint of tincture ; evaporate at or 
below 160° to two fl. ounces, mix with the 
heated syrup, and strain while hot. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one or two teaspoonfuls. 



Alkaline Syrup of Lactucarium. 

R. Powdered lactucarium, sixty- 

four grains. 
Carbonate of potassium, thirty- 
two grains. 



LAPPA. 



369 



Sugar, four ounces. 

Water, sufficient. 

Grind the lactucarium with the carbonate 
of potassium, till well mixed; add enough 
water to moisten completely ; stand aside 
for twelve hours, and then slowly obtain 
two fl. ounces by percolation ; add the 
sugar, and dissolve with a gentle heat. 
Each fl. drachm contains two grains of 
lactucarium. T. S. Wiegand. 



Syrup of Lactucarium and Opium. 
R. Alcoholic extract of 

lactucarium, eighteen grains. 
Extract of opium, 
Citric acid, each, nine grains. 

Orange-flower water, one 

troy ounce. 
Sugar, fifty troyounces 



Water, 



sufficient. 



Exhaust the extract of lactucarium with 
hot water, cool, filter, dissolve the sugar, 
add the citric acid, clarify with white of 
egg, evaporate, and add the solution of ex- 
tract of opium in the orange-flower water. 
The boiling syrup should have the sp. gr. 
1.26, and each tablespoouful should repre- 
sent one centigramme of extract of lactu- 
carium ; the finished syrup must therefore 
measure nearly thirty-nine fl. ounces. 

Parts Codex. 



Tincture of Lactucarium. 
R. Powdered lactucarium, four 

ounces. 
Proof spirit, two pints. 

Act by displacement or digestion. Ed. Ph. 
Dose thirty minims to two fl. drachms. 



Lozenges of Lactucarium. 
R. Powdered lactucarium, two 

drachms. 
" sugar, six ounces. 

" gum Arabic, 

" liquorice, 

each, five ounces. 

Tincture of tolu, half an ounce. 
Mix, and make lozenges of ten grains. 

Ed. Ph. 
As expectorant, in catarrhal affections. 



Powder of Extract of Lettuce. 
R. Extract of lettuce, two grains. 
Powdered foxglove, half a grain. 
" sugar, twelve grains. 

Mix. To be taken every three hours, in 
hydrothorax. Eufeland. I 

24 



Mixture of Extract of Lettuce. 
R. Extract of lettuce, two scruples. 
Tincture of foxglove, half an 

ounce. 

Cinnamon water, one drachm 

and a half. 

Mix. Thirty drops to one fl. drachm, every 

two hours. Radius. 



Aromatic Tincture of Lettuce. 
R. Leaves of lettuce, one ounce. 

Cinnamon, one drachm. 

Alcohol, 

Water, each, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. Macerate for a week, express, and 
filter. Fifteen to thirty drops, in dropsy. 

Niemann. 



"Water of Lettuce. 
R. Fresh lettuce, ten parts. 

Water, twenty parts. 

Distil off ten parts. Paris Codex. 

Dose, half a fl. ounce to two fl. ounces. 



Syrup of Lettuce. 
R. Water of lettuce, ten parts. 

Sugar, twenty parts. 

Make syrup. Paris Codex. 



Mixture of "Water of Lettuce. 

R. Water of lettuce, 

" linden, each, two 

fl. ounces. 



orange flowers, 



two 



fl. drachms. 

Syrup of poppies, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. A spoonful every two hours. Foy. 



LAPPA. 

Burdock. 

One species of this genus is officinal in 
our Pharmacopoeia, the Lappa minor (Arc- 
tium Lappa). 

Sex.Syst. Syngen. sequal. JWat.Syst. Aster- 
acese. 

Linn. Sp. PL 1143. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
411. (Lappa.) 

This is a native of Europe, but generally 
naturalized in the United States. The parts 
used are the root and fruit. They are dia- 
phoretic and diuretic, especially the latter. 
Dose, half a drachm to a drachm. 



Infusion of Burdock. 
R. Burdock root, one ounce. 

Boiling water, two pints. 



370 



LAUEUS. — LAURO-CERASU8. 



Infuse for six hours, and strain. 

Cottereau. 
Used as a diaphoretic in rheumatic pains, 
etc. 



Decoction of Burdock. 
R. Burdock root, two ounces. 

Water, three pints. 

Boil down to two pints, and strain. 



Wood. 



Dose, a wineglassful. 



L ATJRTJS. 
Laurel. Bay Tree. 

The berries (Lauri baccoz) and leaves 
(Lauri folia) of the Laurus nobilis, or bay- 
tree, are used in medicine. This laurel is a 
small evergreen tree indigenous to the 
countries bordering on the Mediterranean. 

Sex. Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat. Syst. 

Linn. Sp. PL 529. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
550. 

The leaves are fragrant, and have an aro- 
matic, bitterish taste. The berries are small, 
oval, of a deep blue, when fresh, of a brown- 
ish-black, when dried, aromatic, and with 
an acrid, bitterish taste ; they contain a con- 
crete, greenish oil. Neither the leaves, nor 
berries, nor their products, are now much 
used in medicine ; they are stimulant and 
narcotic. 



Oil of Laurel. 

R. Fresh laurel berries, at will. 

Crush, warm the pulp for a few moments 
by a gentle heat, and subject to pressure. 

Guibourt. 
Used as a friction, in swelling and pain 
in the joints, colic, etc. 



Laurel Ointment. 
R. Suet, eight ounces. 

Melt, and add 

Laurel oil, one pound. 

Essence of turpentine, 

one ounce and a half. 
Port. Ph. 

R. Fresh laurel leaves, 

Laurel berries, each, one part. 
Lard, two parts. 

Digest until moisture has evaporated, let 
settle, decant, and stir while cooling. 

Paris Codex. 
Tli en; are a variety of formulas for this 
ointment, which is much used under the 
name of Nervine ointment, or balsam. 



LAURO-CERASTJS. 
Cherry-Laurel. 

This is the officinal appellation of the 
leaves of the Prunus lauro-cerasus, a small 
evergreen tree, a native of Asia Minor, but 
cultivated in the temperate parts of Europe, 
both for ornament and for medicinal pur- 
poses. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Dru- 
pacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 678. Griffith, Med. Bot. 289. 

The leaves are ovate-oblong, smooth, and 
shining, with scarcely any smell when entire, 
but, when bruised, giving out a strong, bitter- 
almond odor ; they have an astringent, bitter 
taste, with a flavor like the peach kernel. 
They become scentless by desiccation. They 
possess properties analogous to those of hy- 
drocyanic acid, and some of the prepara- 
tions from them are used for similar pur- 
poses. From the plant not being cultivated 
in this country, these preparations are not 
in use. 



Cherry-Laurel Water. 
R. Fresh leaves of cherry- 
laurel, one pound. 
Water, two pints and a half. 

Chop the leaves, mix them with the water, 
and distil off one pint (imp.) ; agitate this 
well, and filter. Brit. Ph. 

A sedative narcotic, similar to diluted 
hydrocyanic acid, but of uncertain strength. 
Dose, thirty minims to a fl. drachm. 

R. Fresh cherry-laurel 

leaves, twelve parts. 

Cut, bruise, and macerate with 

Water, thirty-six parts. 

Alcohol, one part. 

Distil ten parts, or sufficient that one thou- 
sand grains of the distillate shall contain 
one grain of anhydrous hydrocyanic acid. 

Ph. Germ. 
Paris Codex directs one-half this strength. 

R. Essential oil of cherry- 
laurel, half a drachm. 
Diluted hydrocyanic acid, 

six drachms. 

Distilled water, twelve fl. ounces. 

Rub together, and filter. Hcenle. 



Infusion of Cherry-Laurel. 
R. Fresh leaves of cherry- 
laurel, four ounces. 
Cold water, two pints. 
Infuse, strain, and add 

Clarified honey, four ounces. 

Used as a lotion in cancer of the lips, 

and in malignant ulcers. Cadet. 



LAVANDULA 



371 



Ointment of Cherry-Laurel. 
R. Essential oil of cherry- 
laurel, one drachm. 
Lard, one ounce. 
Mix. As an application to alleviate pain 
of cancers. Soubeiran. 



Cherry-Laurel Water Lotion. 
R. Distilled cherry-laurel 

water, four ounces. 

Sulphuric ether, one ounce. 

Extract of belladonna, 

two drachms. 

Mix. Said to be very beneficial as a lotion 
in cases of neuralgia. Roux. 



Mixture of Cherry-Laurel Water. 
R. Cherry -laurel water, sixty drops. 
Peppermint water, two fl. ounces. 
Infusion of quassia, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. In dysentery, etc., in doses of a 
tablespoon ful, three times a day. 

Augustin. 



Cerate of Cherry-Laurel. 
R. Cherry -laurel water, twelve parts. 

Oil of almonds, sixteen parts. 

White wax, four parts. 

Melt the oil and wax together, and mix the 
cherry-laurel water, stirring well. As an 
application to burns. Roux. 



LAVANDULA. 

Lavender. 

Several species of Lavandula are used in 
medicine, but the only one recognized by 
the U. S. Ph. is the Lavandula vera. This 
is a small shrub, a native of the south of 
Europe, and commonly cultivated in our 
gardens ; it has opposite, sessile, narrow 
leaves, and spikes of small, blue flowers. 

Sex. Syst. Didyn. gymnos. Nat. Syst. La- 
miacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 800. Griffith, Med. Bot. 501. 

The part used is the flowers ; these have 
a strong, fragrant odor, and an aromatic, 
warm, bitterish taste. Lavender is an aro- 
matic stimulant, and much used in nervous 
debility, but is mostly employed as a per- 
fume. 



Compound Powder of Lavender. 
R. Lavender, 

Benzoin, i each, 

Cloves, [ one ounce. 

Sal ammoniac, 



Petals of red roses, four ounces. 
Pomegranate flowers,} each, 
Chamomile flowers, > two 

Pot marigold flowers, ) ounces. 
Peppermint flowers, six drachms. 
Myrrh, four drachms. 

Cologne water, two drachms. 

Solution of ammonia, 

eighteen drops. 
Oil of cinnamon, six drops. 

Mix well. To perfume rooms and drawers. 

Guibourt. 



Spirit of Lavender. 
R. Oil of lavender, a fl. ounce. 

Stronger alcohol, three pints. 

Dissolve. U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. uses nearly the same propor- 
tions (1 : 49), but directs proof spirit, sp. 
gr. .920. 

R. Fresh lavender, one part. 

Alcohol, 

Water, each, three parts. 

Mix, and after twenty-four hours distil four 
parts. Ph. Germ. 



Lavender Water. 
R. Oil of lavender, one fl. ounce. 

Diluted alcohol, fifteen fl. ounces. 
Mix. Gray. 

R. Alcohol, five gallons. 

Oil of lavender, twenty ounces. 
" bergamot, five ounces. 

Essence of ambergris, 

half an ounce. 
Mix. Brande. 

R. Oil of lavender, four fl. ounces. 
Essence of musk, two fl. ounces. 
Oil of bergamot, 

ten fl. drachms and a half. 
Oil of cloves, five drachms. 



roses, 



one drachm. 

half a drachm. 

half a drachm. 

ten pints. 

two pints. 

Mix. Gray. 

These are used for perfumes. 



origanum, 
" rosemary, 
Alcohol, 
Water, 



R. Flowering tops of 
lavender, 
Water, 
Distil four pounds by steam. Paris Codex. 



two pounds, 
sufficient. 



372 



LEPTANDEA.-LIMON. 



Compound Spirit of Lavender. 
(Compound Tincture of Lavender.) 

R. Oil of lavender, 

one and a half fl. drachms. 
Oil of rosemary, ten minims. 

Bruised cinnamon, 
" nutmeg, each, 
one hundred and fifty grains. 
. Rasped red saunders, 

three hundred grains. 
Alcohol, sp. gr. .920, sufficient. 
Macerate the coarse powders for seven days 
in two imperial pints of the alcohol ; then 
express, strain, dissolve the oils, filter, and 
add alcohol to make two pints. Brit. Ph. 

R. Oil of lavender, a fl. ounce. 

Oil of rosemary, two fl. drachms. 
Cinnamon, in powder, 

No. 50, two troyounces. 

Cloves, in powder, 

No. 50, half a troy ounce. 

Nutmeg, in powder, 

No. 50, one troy ounce. 

Red saunders, in powder, 

No. 50, three hundred and 

sixty grains. 

Alcohol, six pints. 

Water, two pints. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Dissolve the oils in the alcohol and add the 
water. Mix the powders, displace with the 
alcoholic solution and afterwards with di- 
luted alcohol until eight pints have been 
obtained. U. S. Ph. 

As a stimulant and carminative, in doses 
of thirty drops to a fl. drachm. 



Ointment of Lavender. 
B. Oil of lavender,") 

" nutmeg, v equal parts. 
Butter of cacao, ) 
Mix. To increase the growth of hair. 



Ethereal Tincture of Lavender. 
B. Oil of lavender, one part. 

Ether, seven parts. 

Mix. Dose, five to ten drops. B6ral. 



Compound Essence of Lavender. 

B. Oil of lavender, forty -eight drops. 

" cloves, thirty-two drops. 

" orange-peel, sixteen drops. 

u bergamot, eight drops. 

Sweet spirit of nitre, eight drops. 



Oil of yellow sandal wood, ") each, 

" neroli, V two 

" roses, ) drops. 

u cinnamon, one drop. 

Diluted alcohol, one ounce. 

Dissolve, and add 

Honey water, eight ounces. 

Essence of ambergris 

and musk, one ounce. 

Mix. As a perfume. Redwood. 



LEPTANDRA. 

Culver's Root. — Culver's Physic. 

L. virginica (Veronica virginica, Lin.) is 
indigenous to this country, where it grows 
in low grounds on the borders of woods, 
etc. 

Sex. Syst. Diaud. monog. Nat. Syst. Scro- 
phulariacese. 

The part employed is the subterraneous 
portion, which is a woody rhizome, with 
numerous rootlets attached ; they are ex- 
ternally of a black color, internally whitish, 
inodorous, of a somewhat nauseous, bitter, 
and acrid taste. Leptandra is an active 
cathartic, and in larger doses emetic ; it ap- 
pears to likewise possess cholagogue prop- 
erties. The dose of the powder is twenty 
to thirty grains. Under the incorrect name 
of leptandrin, the impure resin is used in the 
dose of about two to four grains. 



LIMON. 

Lemon. 

The Lemon is the fruit of the Citrus 
limonum, a native of Asia, but now gene- 
rally cultivated in all warm climates. 

Sex. Syst. Polydelph. icosand. Nat. Syst. 
Aurantiacese. 

Risso, Ann. Mus. xx. 201. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 168. 

The parts used in medicine are the juice 
and the outer rind ; the latter has a fragrant 
odor, and an aromatic, bitter taste ; the 
juice, as is well known, is very acid, with 
a peculiar, grateful, and refreshing taste. 



Spirit (Essence) of Lemon. 

R. Oil of lemon, two fl. ounces. 

Stronger alcohol, two pints. 

Lemon-peel, freshly 

grated, a troy ounce. 

Mix. Macerate for twenty-four hours, and 

filter; used for flavoring mixtures, and for 

pastry. U. S. Ph. 

R. Thin outer rinds of lemons, at will. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Put the rinds in a bottle, add sufiicient al- 



LIMON. 



373 



eohol to cover, and macerate two days. 
Filter. 

For pastry the flavor of this preparation 
is more delicate than if made from the oil 
usually found in the shops. Francis. 



Tincture of Lemon-Peel. 

R. Fresh lemon-peel, two ounces 

and a half. 
Proof spirit, one pint (imp.). 

Macerate for seven days, express, and filter. 

Brit. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. drachms. 



Distilled Spirit of Lemon. 
R. Fresh lemon-peel, one part. 

Alcohol, 80 per cent., six parts. 
Macerate for two days, add sufficient water, 
and distil, by means of a water-bath, all the 
alcohol. Paris Codex. 



Lozenges of Oil of Lemon. 

R. Oil of lemon, one drachm. 

Sugar, twelve ounces. 

Lemon water, sufficient. 

Boil one-third of the sugar with the lemon 
water, to the consistence of honey, by a 
gentle heat, add the rest of the sugar and 
the oil, and form lozenges. Cottereau. 



Lozenges of Lemon Juice. 
R. Lemon juice, two ounces and a half. 

Sugar, sixteen ounces. 

Essence of lemon, one scruple. 
Mix, and form lozenges. Radius. 



Collutory of Lemon Juice. 
R. Lemon juice, 

Sugar, each, one part. 

Claret wine, sixteen parts. 

As a mouth-wash in scurvy. Brera. 



Lemonade. 
R. Lemon juice, four ounces 

Fresh lemon-peel, half an ounce. 

Sugar, four ounces. 

Boiling water, three pints. 

Mix, and let cool. Ellis. 

R. Lemons, three. 

Boiling water, two pints. 

Sugar, two ounces. 

Cut the lemons in slices, pour the water on 
them, and add the sugar at the end of an 
hour, and strain. Eatier. 



Compound Lemonade. 
R. Lemons, two. 

Peel them, remove the seeds, and beat them 
with 

Toasted bread, two ounces. 

Adding, gradually, 

Infusion of malt, one pint and 

a half. 
Strain, and add 

Syrup of mulberries, one ounce. 
Wine, six ounces. 

Cadet. 



Lemon-Peel Water. 

R. Pare the rind of one lemon, pre- 
viously rubbed with half an 
ounce of loaf sugar ; put both 
into a jar, and add a quart of 
boiling water ; when cold, de- 
cant, and add one tablespoonful 
of lemon juice. 

A T. Thomson. 



Lemon Syrup. 

R. Strained fresh lemon 
juice, 
Water, each, one pint. 

Sugar, in coarse powder, 

forty-eight troyounces. 
Mix, and dissolve with gentle heat. 

U. S. Ph. 



R. Fresh lemon-peel, 
Strained lemon 

juice, 
Refined sugar, 



two ounces. 

one pint imp. 
two and a 
quarter pounds. 

Heat the lemon juice to the boiling point, 
add the lemon-peel, when cool, filter and 
dissolve the sugar with a gentle heat. The 
product should weigh three pounds and a 
half. Brit. Ph. 

Paris Codex dissolves seventeen and a 
half parts of sugar in ten parts of clarified 
lemon juice. 



Syrup of Lemon-Peel. 

R. Fresh lemon-peel, three ounces. 
Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse for three days, and add 

Sugar, two pounds. 

The product weighs three pounds. 

Guibourt. 



374 



LIMON, 



Vinous Syrup of Lemon-Peel. 

R. Fresh lemon-peel, half a pound. 
Wine, a pint and a half. 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, 
and add 

Syrup, one pound and a half. 

Boil, strain, and add 

Oil of lemon, rubbed 

with sugar, fifteen drops. 

Sard. Ph. 



Odoriferous Spirit of Lemon 
R. Oil of lemon, 

" bergamot, 



" lavender. 
Acetic ether, 
Mix. Used as a perfume. 



each, 

one part. 

four parts. 
Sax. Ph. 



Cologne Water. 

B " " 0f l b em!r 0t 'l eaeh ' 

" cedra"; \ four ounces - 

:: zT 7, h^ 

" lavender, ) 



two ounces. 



Alcohol, thirty pounds. 

Eau de melisse, sixty ounces. 

Spirit of rosemary, forty ounces. 
Dissolve the oils in the alcohol, add the 
other articles, and, after eight days, distil 
four-fifths. Paris Codex. 



two pounds. 

eight ounces. 

six ounces. 



two ounces. 



R. Balm, 

Rosemary, 

Lemon-peel, 

Nutmeg, ") 

Cloves, ! , 
rt- ' Veach, 
Cinnamon, [ . ' 

Coriander, J 

Oil of bergamot, one ounce. 

Alcohol, six pounds. 

Water, eight pounds. 

Mix, and distil by a gentle fire. 

Niemann. 

R. Oil of neroli, 
" lemon, 
" bergamot, 
" orange, 
u rosemary, 
Cardamom, one drachm. 

Alcohol, one pint. 

Mix, and distil two-thirds. Said by Troms- 
dorff to be the formula used at Cologne. 

Niemann. 



each, 
twelve drops. 



R. Oil of bergamot, "] 

" lemon, ! each, 

u cedrat,, f four drachms. 



" neroli. 



J 



cinnamon, 



" rosemary, 

each, one drachm. 

Alcohol, three pounds. 

Spirit of rosemary, three ounces. 

Digest for a few days, and distil almost to 
dryness ; add to the product 

Balm water, nine ounces. 

Spirit of jasmine, 

" orris, each, four drachms. 

Giordano. 

R. Oil of bergamot, three ounces. 

" lemon, two ounces. 

" lavender, three drachms 

and a half. 

" neroli, two drachms 

and a half. 

" origanum, two drachms. 

" rosemary, one drachm. 

Essence of vanilla, two drachms. 

Musk, ten grains. 

Alcohol, thirteen pints. 

Rose w r ater, two pints. 

Orange-flow r er water, one pint. 

Mix, and after fourteen days, filter. 

Gray. 



R. Essence of bergamot, two ounces. 
" rosemary, 

" mint, each, one drachm. 

" lemon, two drachms. 

u neroli, ten grains. 

Balm water, two ounces and a half. 

Mix. Ferrara Ph. 

R. Oil of bergamot, 

u lemon, each, one drachm. 

" neroli, half a drachm. 

" cedrat, twenty drops. 

Honey water, one ounce. 

Alcohol, one pint. 

Mix. Gray. 



R. Oil of neroli, 1 


u 
u 


orange, j each, 

lemon, V one drachm 


u 


marjoram, and a half. 


u 


rosemary, 


a 

Civet 


cinnamon, four drops. 
, three grains. 



LINTM 



375 



Ambergris, two grains. 

Alcohol, four pounds and a half. 

Macerate for a month, and filter. 

Swediaur. 

R. Oil of bergamot, three drachms. 

" lemon, two drachms. 

" lavender, twenty-five drops. 

" neroli, fifteen drops. 

" origanum, ten drops. 

Alcohol, two pints. 

Mix. Gray. 



Unparalleled Water. 

R. Oil of lemon, half an ounce. 

" bergamot, two drachms 

and a half. 

" cedrat, two drachms. 

seventy-two ounces. 



Alcohol, 
Hungary water, 



Mix. 



eio-ht ounces. 
Guibourt. 



LINUM. 

Flaxseed. 



Flaxseed is the product of Linum usitatis- 
simum, or common flax, now cultivated in 
most parts of the world, but whose native 
country is unknown. 

Sex. "Syst. Pentand. pentag. Nat. Syst. 
Linace?e. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 397. Griffith, Med. Bot. 206. 

Both the seeds aud the oil extracted from 
them are officinal. The first are small, oval, 
shining, and of a brown color. They are 
devoid of smell, and have a mucilaginous 
taste when unbroken, but an oily one when 
chewed. When steeped in water they afford 
a viscid, inodorous, and almost tasteless 
mucilage. The oil, which is obtained by 
expression, is laxative and emollient, but is 
principally used in the arts. 

The flaxseed meal of IT. S. Ph. consists of 
the ground seeds and contains the oil ; that 
of the Brit. Ph. is the so-called cake meal, or 
ground flaxseed from which the oil has been 
expressed. 



Compound Meal of Flaxseed. 
R. Flaxseed meal,") 

Barley meal, I equal parts. 

Rye meal, ) 

Mix. To make cataplasm. Cottereau. 



Emollient Cataplasm. 
BL Compound meal of 

flaxseed, four ounces. 

Water, sufficient. 

Boil to proper consistence. Paris Codex. 



Cataplasm of Flaxseed. 
R. Cake meal, four ounces. 

Olive oil, half a fl. ounce. 

Boiling water, ten fl. ounces. 

Mix the meal gradually with the water, and 
add the oil. Brit. Ph. 



Charcoal Poultice. 

R. Wood charcoal, in 

powder, half an ounce. 

Crumb of bread, two ounces. 

Cake meal, one ounce and a half. 

Boiling water, ten fl. ounces. 

Macerate the bread in the water near the 
fire, mix, stir in the meal and half the char- 
coal, and sprinkle the remainder of the 
charcoal on the surface of the poultice. 

Brit. Ph. 



Cataplasm of Flaxseed Meal and 
Bran. 

R. Flaxseed meal, 

Bran, equal parts. 

Boiling water, sufficient. 

Pour the water on the bran and meal, and 
stir constantly until the poultice has a 
pulpy consistence. Ellis. 



Compound Infusion of Flaxseed. 

R. Flaxseed, half a troyounce. 

Liquorice root, 

bruised, two drachms. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, 

and strain. U. S. Ph. 

The infusion of Brit. Ph. is of about the 

same composition and strength. 

A pleasant demulcent drink, in inflam- 
matory affections of the lungs, bladder, etc. 



Mucilage of Flaxseed. 
R. Flaxseed, one part. 

Lukewarm water, five parts. 

Digest for six hours, express, and strain. 

Paris Codex. 



Flaxseed Mixture. 
R. Flaxseed, one drachm. 

Boiling water, six fl. ounces. 

Infuse, strain, and add 

Syrup of poppies,, half an ounce. 
Orange-flower 
water, two fl. drachms. 

Mix. St. Marie. 



376 



LIQUID AMBAE. LOBELIA 



Clyster of Flaxseed Oil. 
R. Flaxseed oil, two ounces. 



infusion, 



Mix. 



eight ounces. 
Swediaur. 



LIQUIDAMBAR. 
Sweet Gum. 

This is a large and beautiful tree, indige- 
nous to the United States. A balsam is ob- 
tained from it in the Southern States, by- 
making incisions into the bark. 

Sex. Syst. Monoec. polyan. Nat. Syst. Bal- 
samifluse. 

The parts employed in medicine are the 
bark and the balsam. The former has an 
astringent and somewhat aromatic taste ; 
the latter resembles balsam of Peru and 
storax in smell and taste, and is employed 
in some sections of the South for the same 
purposes and in the same doses as tolu, in 
the form of tincture and syrup made by the 
formulas for the corresponding tolu prepara- 
tions. 



R. 



Syrup of Sweet Gum Bark. 
Sweet gum bark, five tix^ounces. 
Suojar. twenty-four troyounces. 



Water, 



sufficient. 



Obtain from the powdered bark, by macera- 
tion and displacement, one pint of infusion, 
and dissolve in it the sugar by agitation. 
Dose, for an adult, a fl. ounce, in diarrhoea 
aud dysentery. C. W. Wright. 



LIRIODENDRON. 
Tulip Tree Bark. 

The tulip tree, or Liriodendron tulipifera, 
is one of the most magnificent of our native 
trees. It is found in most parts of the United 
States, and is popularly known as the 
poplar. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Mag- 
noliaceaj. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 755. Griffith, Med. Bot. 98. 

The officinal portion is the bark ; this, 
when deprived of its epidermis, is of a yel- 
lowish-white color, having a faint odor, but 
a bitter, pungent, aromatic taste. It is a 
st i inulating tonic, and has been used as a 
febrifuge) as well as in dyspepsia, chronic 
rheumatism, etc. The dose in powder is 
from half a drachm to two drachms. 



Infusion of Tulip Tree Bark. 
R. Tulip tree bark, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

[nfuse, and strain. Dose, one to two II. 

ounces, as a stimulating tonic and diapho- 
retic. Wood. 



Tincture of Tulip Tree Bark. 



R. Tulip tree bark, 
bruised, 
Diluted alcohol, 
Macerate for a week, 
Dose, about a fl. drachm 



four ounces. 

one pint. 

express, and filter. 

Beasley. 



LITHIUM. 

Carbonate of Lithium. 

An amorphous or minutely crystalline 
powder, soluble in about one hundred parts 
of cold water, insoluble in alcohol, and of a 
slight alkaline taste. It possesses diuretic 
and lithontriptic properties. Dose, three to 
six grains. 

Effervescent Lithia Water. 

R. Carbonate of lithium, ten grains. 
Water, twenty ounces. 

Mix and impregnate with washed carbonic 
acid gas under a pressure of seven atmos- 
pheres. 

Dose, five to ten fl. ounces. Brit. Ph. 



Citrate of Lithium. 

R. Carbonate of lithium, 

one hundred grains. 
Citric acid, two hundred grains. 
Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 
Mix, heat until effervescence ceases, evap- 
orate by a steam-bath to a viscid consist- 
ence, dry at a temperature of about 240°, 
pulverize rapidly, and keep in a well- 
stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. 
Brit. Ph. uses ninety grains of citric acid 
to fifty grains of carbonate of lithium. 

Deliquescent in open air. Dose, five to 
ten grains. 



LOBELIA. 

Lobelia. — Indian Tobacco. 

Several species of Lobelia are medicinal, 
hut the only one recognized as officinal is 
the L. inflaia, a small annual plant found 
in most parts of the United States, having 
numerous small blue flowers, on leafy ra- 
cemes. The leaves are ovate, sessile, serrate, 
ami hairy. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lo- 
beliacere. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1006. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
418. 

The whole herb is officinal, but the root 
and seed vessels are the most active. When 
dried, it has a somewhat unpleasant odor, 
and an acrid, burning, nauseous taste, re- 
sembling that of tobacco. It is emetic, and, 



LUPULINA 



377 



in small closes, expectorant and sudorific. 
It also possesses narcotic properties. It is 
principally used in asthma ; it has also been 
used in other diseases of the respiratory 
organs, etc. Dose in substance, as an 
emetic, from five to twenty grains, as an 
expectorant, one to three grains. 



Infusion of Lobelia. 

R. Lobelia, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse. A fl. ounce every hall' hour, till 

vomiting ensues. Ellis. 



Tincture of Lobelia. 
R. Lobelia, in powder, 

No. 60, four troyounces. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement two pirrts. 

The tincture of Brit. Ph. is of nearly the 
same strength ; that of Ph. Germ, is made 
of ten parts of alcohol (0.892) to one part 
of lobelia. 

Dose, as emetic, half fl. ounce ; as anti- 
spasmodic in asthma, one to two fl. drachms, 
every two or three hours ; and as an ex- 
pectorant, ten to forty drops. 



Ethereal Tincture of Lobelia. 
R. Lobelia, in coarse 

powder, five ounces. 

Spirit of ether, forty fl. ounces. 
Form tincture by maceration. Brit. Ph. 
Dose, the same as alcoholic tincture. 

R. Lobelia, one pound. 

Alcohol, four pints. 

Spirit of nitrous ether, four pints. 
" sulphuric ether, 

four ounces. 
Macerate for fourteen days in a dark place, 
and filter. Dose, five to twenty minims. 

Whitelaw. 



Mixture of Lobelia. 

R. Tincture of lobelia, one drachm. 

Decoction of mallow, six ounces. 

A spoonful, every two or three hours, as an 

expectorant. Radius. 



Acetic Extract of Lobelia. 
R. Lobelia seed, bruised, 



Diluted alcohol, 
Acetic acid. 



eight ounces. 

four pints. 

one fl. ounce. 



Macerate the seed in the diluted alcohol, to 
which the acid has been added, for forty- 
eight hours ; then displace until four pints 
of tincture are obtained, using diluted alco- 
hol to expel the last portion, and then 
evaporate to the consistence of an extract. 

W. Procter. 



Fluid Extract of Lobelia. 
R. Bruised lobelia tops, eight ounces. 

Acetic acid, one fl. ounce. 

Diluted alcohol, three pints. 

Alcohol, six fl. ounces. 

Macerate the lobelia in a pint and a half 
of the diluted alcohol, mixed with the acid, 
for twenty-four hours ; introduce into a per- 
colator, and obtain three pints of tincture ; 
evaporate this in a water-bath to ten fl. 
ounces, strain, add the alcohol, and filter. 
A fl. drachm is equal to half a fl. ounce of 
the tincture. W. Procter. 



Vinegar of Lobelia. 

R. Lobelia leaves, in powder, 

No. 40, four troyounces. 

Diluted acetic acid, sufficient. 

Moisten the powder with two fl. ounces and 

afterwards displace with diluted acetic acid 

until two pints of liquid have been obtained. 

U. S. Ph. 



Syrup of Lobelia. 
R. Vinegar of lobelia, six fl. ounces. 
Sugar, twelve ounces (av.). 

Dissolve the sugar in the vinegar, by aid 
of heat, remove the scum which rises, and 
strain. W. Procter. 



R. Fluid extract of 
lobelia, 
Simple syrup, 
Mix. 



two fl. ounces. 

ten fl. ounces. 

W. Procter. 



LDPULINA 



LlTPULIN 

Is the powder attached to the strobiles of 
Hamulus lupulus, and has all the properties 
of hops. It is a yellowish powder, mixed 
with portions of the scales of the hop stro- 
biles. It is tonic, and somewhat narcotic. 
It is obtained by rubbing, or threshing and 
sifting the strobiles, or by washing these 
several times in different portions of water, 
mixing the washings, and letting the lupulin 
deposit, when it is to be dried. The dose is 
from six to ten grains. 



378 



LYCOPODIUM. 



Powder of Lupulin. 
R. Lupulin, one part. 

Sugar, two parts. 

Mix. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Foy. 



Pills of Lupulin. 
R. Lupulin, at will. 

Rub into mass in a warm mortar, and divide 
into two grain pills. Magendie. 

two drachms. 



R. Lupulin, 

Gum tragacanth, 

Water, each, sufficient. 

Make mass, and divide into pills of two 
grains. 



R 



Extract of Lupulin. 

Lupulin, four ounces. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix in a percolator, and allow to stand for 
an hour. Displace until two pints of fil- 
tered liquor are obtained ; then set aside 
in a shallow dish for spontaneous evapora- 
tion. One drachm of lupulin yields two 
scruples of extract. Livermore. 



R. 



Tincture of Lupulin. 

Lupulin, four troyounces. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement two pints. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. drachms, in sweetened 
water. 



Syrup of Lupulin. 
R. Tincture of lupulin, one part. 

Syrup, seven parts. 

Mix. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. 

Foy. 



Fluid Extract of Lupulin. 
R. Lupulin, sixteen troyounces. 

Stronger alcohol, . sufficient. 

Moisten lupulin with six fluidounces of the 
alcohol, pack tightly into a percolator, add 
ten fluidounces of stronger alcohol, and 
macerate for four days; then displace 
twenty-four fluidounces, reserving the first 
fourteen, evaporate the remainder to two 
fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. 

U.S. Ph. 
Dose, five to ten minims. 



Oleoresin ot Lupulin. 
R. Lupulin, twelve troyounces. 

Ether, sufficient. 



Obtain by slow percolation twenty fl. 
ounces, distil and evaporate the ether com- 
pletely. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to three grains. 



Emulsion with Lupulin. 

R. Tincture of lupulin, four scruples. 
Syrup of red poppies, 
" of orange flowers, 

each, one ounce. 

Emulsion of almonds, four ounces. 
Water, ten ounces. 

Mix. B6ral. 



Ointment of Lupulin. 

R. Lupulin, one part. 

Lard, three parts. 

Digest, on a water-bath, for five or six 
hours, and strain. To appease the pain of 
cancerous ulcers. Soubeiran. 



LYCOPODIUM. 

Lycopodium. — Clubmoss. 

Lycopodium clavatvm is a small moss-like 
plant indigenous to North America, Europe, 
and Northern Asia. 

Sex. Syst. Cryptogam, lycopod. Nat. 
Syst. Lycopodiaceae. 

The sporules of this and some allied 
species are used. It forms a fine mobile 
grayish-yellow powder, which is with diffi- 
culty moistened by water. It is now chiefly 
applied externally as an exsiccant to ex- 
coriated surfaces. 



Mixture of Lycopodium. 

R. Lycopodium, three drachms. 

Water, two fl. ounces. 

Syrup of marsh mallow, one 

fl. ounce. 

Mix by trituration. Dose, a dessertspoon- 
ful every hour or two. In strangury and 
dysuria, particularly of infants. Huf eland. 



Compound Powder of Lycopodium. 

R. Lycopodium, one ounce. 

Oxide of zinc, two to three 

scruples. 

Mix thoroughly. As a dusting powder in 
excoriation of infants. Berends. 



LYCOPUS VIBGINICUS 



MAGNESIA. 



379 



LYCOPUS YJRGINICUS. 

BUGLEWEED. 

This is an herbaceous plant indigenous to 
this country, with an obtusely quadran- 
gular often purplish stem, lanceolate serrate 
leaves, and whitish flowers. 



Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnosperm. Nat. 
Syst. Lamiacese. 

Bugleweed possesses mild astringent pro- 
perties, and is believed to act somewhat as 
a narcotic ; it has been recommended in 
haemoptysis, and incipient consumption. 
It is given in doses of a scruple to a drachm 
in the form of infusion. 



M, 



MACIS. 

Mace. 

A laciniated and reticulated, smooth, 
thin, flexible membrane, of a saffron-yellow 
color, which is the arillus investing the shell 
of the nutmeg, which, in taste and odor, it 
much resembles. It is an active, aromatic 
stimulant, but is more used for culinary 
purposes than in medicine. The dose is 
from ten grains to a scruple. 



Tincture of Mace. 
B. Mace, one part. 

Alcohol, five parts. 

Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. 

Ph. Germ. 
Dose, from thirty to forty drops, as a car- 
minative and stomachic. 



Volatile Oil of Mace. 
B. Mace, bruised, 
Water, 

Distil and separate the oil. 



at will, 
sufficient. 

Guibourt. 



Carminative Drops. 
B. Yolatile oil of mace, half a drachm. 
Nitrous ether, a drachm and a half. 

Mix. In flatulent colic, ten or twelve drops 
on sugar. Radius. 



MAGNESIUM. 

This metal is not used, but many of its 
compounds are largely employed. 



MAGNESIA. 

Magnesia. 

B. Carbonate of magnesium, any 

quantity. 

Put in an earthen vessel, and expose it to 
a red heat for two hours, or till the carbonic 
acid is wholly expelled. U. S. Ph. 



B. 



Heavy Magnesia. 
Heavy carbonate of 



magnesium, 



any quantity. 



Expose to a low red heat until free from 
carbonic acid. Brit. Ph. 



B. 



Mix solutions of one hundred and 
twenty-three parts of crystal- 
lized sulphate of magnesium, and 
one hundred and forty-four parts 
of crystallized carbonate of 
sodium ; evaporate to dryness 
and calcine till the carbonic acid 
is expelled. Dissolve out the sul- 
phate of sodium, wash, and dry. 
E. Phillips. 



Powder of Magnesia and Rhubarb. 
B. Powdered rhubarb, one scruple. 

Magnesia, ten grains. 

Oil of cinnamon, one drop. 

Mix. As a purgative, to be given in sugar 
and water. Ellis. 



Powder of Magnesia and Sulphur. 
B. Precipitated sulphur, 

Magnesia, each, half an ounce. 
Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times a 
day, as an aperient. Ellis. 



Powder of Magnesia and Orange-Peel. 

B. Magnesia, four drachms. 

Powdered orange-peel, 

" fennel-seed, 

each, one drachm. 

Sugar, two drachms. 

Mix. Ten or twelve grains, three times a 

day, as a stimulant to the digestive organs. 

Foy. 



Troches of Magnesia. 
B. Magnesia, three troy ounces. 

Sugar, powdered, nine troy ounces. 



380 



MAGXESII CARBOKAS 



Kutmeg, powdered, one drachm. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 
Rub the first three ingredients together 
until thoroughly mixed, then form a mass 
with the mucilage, and divide into four 
hundred and eighty troches. U. S. Ph. 

The troches of Ph. Germ, are made 
with chocolate mass, and contain one grain 
and a half of magnesia. 



Magnesia Mixture. 
R. Magnesia, one drachm. 

Water of ammonia, one fl. drachm. 

Spirit of cinnamon, three fl. drms. 

Water, five and a half fl. ounces. 
Mix. Eecommended by Dr. James, in the 
cardialgia of pregnant women. Two or 
three teaspoonfuls to be taken as occasion 
may require. Sims. 



R. Magnesia, 
Water, 
Sugar, 



two drachms, 
ten drachms, 
twelve drachms 
and a half. 
Orange-flower water, five drachms. 
Triturate the magnesia with the water, 
and heat to boiling, stirring constantly, 
then add the sugar, and when dissolved, the 
orange-flower water, and strain through a 
fine sieve. To be taken at one dose. 

Paris Codex. 

R. Magnesia, thirty grains. 

Syrup of ginger, two drachms. 
Peppermint 

water, two fl. ounces and a half. 
Compound spirit of 

lavender, half fl. drachm. 

Spirit of caraway, half fl. ounce. 
Mix. A spoonful every hour, as an ant- 
acid. Poy. 



Magnesia and Gentian. 

R. Magnesia, one drachm. 

Infusion of gentian, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. A wineglaBsful, three times a day, 

in cases of uric-acid diathesis. Brande. 



Magnesia and Rhubarb Mixture. 

R. Magnesia, half a drachm. 

Powdered rhubarb, two grains. 

" sugar, one drachm. 

Essence of peppermint, six drops. 

Distilled water, oik; fl. ounce 

and a half. 

Mix. In bowel complaints of children. A 

teaspoonful, every two hours, till it ope- 

rates. Ellis. 



MAGNESII ACETAS. 
Acetate of Magnesium. 

R. Carbonate of magnesium, one 

hundred and twenty parts. 



Acetic acid, 



sufficient 



to saturate. Evaporate till the mixture 
weighs three hundred parts. It forms a 
syrupy fluid. One ounce of this solution 
mixed with three ounces of syrup of oranges 
constitutes the weaker solution, and one 
ounce and a half to three ounces of syrup 
forms the stronger solution. Renault. 



MAGNESII CARBONAS. 

Carbonate of Magnesium. 



Light Carbonate of Magnesium. 
R. Sulphate of magnesium, ten 

ounces. 
Carbonate of sodium, twelve 

ounces. 
Dissolve the salts separately, each in five 
pounds of water, mix cold, boil for fifteen 
minutes, wash thoroughly upon a calico fil- 
ter with boiling distilled water, and dry at 
or below 212°. Brit. Ph. 



Heavy Carbonate of Magnesium. 
R. Sulphate of magnesium, ten ounces. 
Carbonate of sodium, twelve 

ounces. 

Dissolve the salts separately, each in 
twenty ounces of boiling water, mix, and 
evaporate by a sand-bath to dryness ; di- 
gest the residue for half an hour w T ith forty 
ounces of water, transfer to a calico filter, 
wash well, and dry at or below 212°. 

Brit. Ph. 
Dose of the carbonates, ten to sixty 
grains. 



Solution of Carbonate of Magnesium. 
R. Sulphate of magnesium, two 

ounces. 

Carbonate of sodium, two ounces 

and a half. 

Dissolve the salts separately, each in ten 
ounces of water, mix boiling hot. and boil 
until carbonic acid ceases to be evolved. 
Wash the precipitate thoroughly, then mix 
with twenty ounces of distilled water, pass 
an excess of pure carbonic acid gas into 
the mixture; let remain in contact under 
pressure for twenty-four hours, filter, im- 
pregnate again with carbonic acid, and 
bottle. 11 contains about thirteen grains 
of carbonate of magnesium in a fl. ounce. 

Brit. Ph. 



MAGXESII CARBOXAS 



381 



R. Sulphate of magnesium, seven 

drachms. 

Bicarbonate of sodium, nine 

drachms. 

Water, twenty fl. ounces. 

Carbonic acid gas, six volumes. 
Dissolve the salts in the water, and pass 
the gas through the mixture. The result 
will be bicarbonate of magnesium and sul- 
phate of sodium in solution. Phoebus. 



Dinneford's Fluid Magnesia. 
R. Howard's magnesia, seventeen 



Distilled water, 



and a half grains, 
one fl. ounce. 



Introduce into a cylindrical tinned vessel a 
mixture in these proportions, and force into 
it carbonic acid for five hours and a half, 
during the whole of which time the cylinder 
is kept revolving. Pereira. 



Lozenges of Carbonate of Magnesium. 
R. Carbonate of magnesium, ten 

parts. 

Powdered sugar, forty parts. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 
Make into lozenges of fifteen grains each. 
Dose, five to ten. Paris Codex. 



Magnesia with Rhubarb. 
R. Carbonate of 

magnesium, twelve drachms. 

Powdered sugar, ten drachms. 

u rhubarb, three drachms. 

Oil of fennel, twenty drops. 

Mix to a uniform powder. Ph. Germ. 

Used like the compound rhubarb powder 

of the U. S. Ph. 



De-wees' s Carminative. 
R. Carbonate of 

magnesium, half a drachm. 

Tincture of assafetida, fort}' drops. 

" opium, twenty drops. 

Sugar, one drachm. 



Distilled water. 



one fl. ounce. 



Mix. In flatulent colic, diarrhoea, etc., of 
children. Dose, twenty drops and upwards, 
according to age. Deivees. 



Dalby's Carminative. 

R. Carbonate of 

magnesium. two scruples. 

Oil of peppermint, one drop, 

nutmeg, two drops. 



aniseed. 



three drops. 



Tincture of castor, thirty drops. 

u assafetida, fifteen 

drops. 

Spirit of pennyroyal, fifteen drops. 

Compound tincture of 

cardamom, thirty drops. 

Peppermint water, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. Paris. 



half an ounce. 



R. Carbonate of 

potassium, 

Carbonate of 

magnesium, twelve ounces. 

Laudanum, six fl. ounces. 

Oil of peppermint, | ^ 
" caraway, )- fl , 

« fennel, j A- scruples. 

Sugar, thirty-five ounces. 

Water, ten pints. 

Triturate the oils with the sugar and mag- 
nesia, then add the remainder. 

Phil Coll. Ph. 



Carbonate of Magnesium Mixture. 
R. Carbonate of 

magnesium, half a drachm. 

Sulphate of 

magnesium, three drachms. 

Aromatic spirit of 

ammonia, one fl. drachm. 

Tincture of rhubarb, half fl. ounce. 

" henbane, half 

fl. drachm. 

Mint water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. As a carminative cathartic. A 
tablespoonful, two or three times a day. 

Meigs. 



Magnesia and Colchicum. 

R. Carbonate of 

magnesium, one drachm. 

Sugar, 

Gum Arabic, each, sufficient. 

Wine of colchicum 

root, forty drops. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. In gout and rheumatism. A table- 
spoonful, every two hours, till it operates. 

Ellis. 



Mixture of Magnesia and Camphor. 

R. Magnesia, one drachm. 

Camphor, half a drachm. 

Sugar, 
Gum Arabic, each, two drachms. 



382 MAGItfESII CITEAS. — MAGNESII PHOSPHAS 



Sulphuric ether, half fl. drachm. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. In flatulency and irritable stomach. 
A tablespoonful, four or five times a day. 

Ellis. 



MAGNESII CITRAS 
Citrate op Magnesium. 



R. Citric acid, 



at will. 



Dissolve in water, and add 

Carbonate of magnesium, sufficient 

to saturate ; wash the powder, and dry by 
a gentle heat. Laxative, but not as active 
as the sulphate. Beasley. 



Soluble Citrate of Magnesium. 

R. Crystallized citric 

acid, one hundred grains. 

Calcined magnesia, thirty-five 

grains. 



Water, 



fifteen drops. 



Dissolve the acid with the water, then 
gradually add the magnesia ; or omit the 
water and melt the acid in a sand-bath in 
its own water of crystallization, and incor- 
porate the magnesia with it. The mixture 
soon hardens, and may be pulverized for 
use. 

This formula is modified from one given 
by Dorvault, of Paris. Parrish §• Smith. 



Granular Citrate of Magnesium. 

R. Carbonate of 

magnesium, twenty-five parts. 

Citric acid, seventy-five parts. 

Mix, with sufficient water, to a thick pulp, 

and dry at or below 85°. With fourteen 

parts of this dry mass, mix 

Bicarbonate of 

sodium, thirteen parts. 

Citric acid, six parts. 

Sugar, three parts. 

Moisten the mixture with sufficient alcohol, 
rub through a suitable sieve, and dry care- 
fully. Ph. Germ. 
Dose, a tablespoonful or more, in water, 
during effervescence. 



Solution of Citrate of Magnesium. 

R . Soluble citrate of 

one ounce. 



magnesium, 
Water, 



eight II. ounces. 



Dissolve, transfer to a suitable bottle, and 
add 

Syrup, one and a half fl. ounces. 
Bicarbonate of 

potassium, forty grains. 

Cork immediately and secure. 

Parrish fr Smith. 

R. Carbonate of 

magnesium, two hundred grains. 
Crystallized citric 

acid, four hundred grains. 

Bicarbonate of 

potassium, forty grains. 

Syrup of citric acid, two fl. ounces. 
Water, sufficient. 

Dissolve the acid in four fl. ounces of water, 
and add the carbonate of magnesium ; when 
dissolved, filter into a strong twelve-ounce 
bottle containing the syrup, add the bi- 
carbonate and enough water to nearly fill 
the bottle, cork, secure with twine, and 
shake occasionally until the crystals are 
dissolved. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, from a half to a whole bottle. 



Citrate of Magnesium Water. 

R. Carbonate of magnesium, 

five drachms and a quarter. 

Citric acid, five drachms and a half. 

Lemon syrup, two drachms 

and a half. 

Water, sufficient 

to fill a Seidlitz-water bottle. Dissolve the 
acid in one-sixth of the water, triturate the 
carbonate with the remainder, and add to 
it half the acid solution ; and, on the ceas- 
ing of the effervescence, pour it into the 
bottle with the syrup, add the acid solu- 
tion, and cork instantly. As a purgative 
draught. Bardet. 



MAGNESII PHOSPHAS. 

Phosphate op Magnesium. 

R. Magnesia, at will. 

Diluted phosphoric acid, sufficient 

to saturate ; filter, and evaporate to dryness. 

Niemann. 
Stated to be useful in rachitis, in doses of 
ten to twenty grains. 



MAGNESII SULPHAS 



383 



MAGNESII SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Magnesium. 
(Epsom Salts.) 



Cheltenham Salts. 
B. Sulphate of magnesium, 
Chloride of sodium, 

each, four parts. 

Sulphate of sodium, three parts. 
To be well dried before being powdered and 
mixed. Dose, half an ounce, or more, in 
solution. Cooley. 

The compound saline powder of the 
Ed. Ph. differs from this, in the substitu- 
tion of sulphate of potassium for the sul- 
phate of sodium. 



Seidlitz Water. 
R. Sulphate of 

magnesium, two drachms. 

Chloride of 

magnesium, eighteen grains. 

Soda water, twenty fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. As a purgative. Foy. 

B. Sulphate of magnesium, two 

drachms to one ounce. 

Water, one pint. 

Dissolve, and charge the solution with three 

volumes of carbonic acid gas. Beasley. 



Purgative Emulsion. 
R. Sulphate of magnesium, two 

drachms. 

Flake manna, one ounce. 

Simple emulsion, four fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. A tablespoonful every two hours. 

Wendt. 



Sulphate of Magnesium and Tartar 

Emetic. 

B. Sulphate of magnesium, one 

ounce. 
Tartar emetic, one grain. 

Flake manna, one ounce. 

Lemon juice, half an ounce. 

Water, eight fl. ounces. 

Make a solution, and strain. A tablespoon- 
ful, every hour, till it operates. Dewees. 



Sulphate of Magnesium and Coffee. 
B. Sulphate of magnesium, one 

ounce. 

Powdered roasted coffee, two 

drachms and a half. 

Water, sixteen ounces. 



Boil in an earthen vessel, for two minutes ; 
remove from fire, and let infuse for some 
minutes ; then filter, or strain. This will 
destroy the bitter taste of the salt. 

Combes. 



Clyster with Sulphate of Magnesium 
B. Sulphate of magnesium, 



Olive oil, 
Mucilage of starch, 



one 

ounce. 

one fl. ounce. 

fifteen 

fl. ounces. 

Dissolve and mix. One-half to be injected, 
and if it does not produce the desired effect, 
the remainder to be administered. 

Brit. Ph. 



Sulphate of Magnesium and Sulphuric 
Acid. 



B. Sulphate of magne- 



sium, 
to saturate 
Water, 
Add to solution, 

Diluted sulphuric 
acid, 



sufficient 



seven fl. ounces. 



one fl. ounce. 



Dose, a tablespoonful, in a wineglassful of 
water, every hour, till it operates. 

Henry. 



Sulphate of Magnesium and Hochelle 
Salt. 

R. Sulphate of magnesium, 
Tartrate of potassium and 

sodium, equal parts. 

Dose, two to three drachms, in six ounces 
of water. Christison. 



Sulphate of Magnesium, Aloes, etc. 

B. Sulphate of magne- 
sium, six drachms. 

Carbonate of magne- 
sium, ninety grains. 

Wine of aloes, six fl. drachms. 

Tincture of hops, two fl. drachms. 

Dilute hydrocyanic 

acid, fifteen minims. 

Infusion of cascarilla, seven 

fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful, morning and even- 
ing, in dyspepsia accompanied with costive- 
ness. L. Parker. 



384 



MAGXESII SULPHUEETUM. — MALTUM 



Sulphate of Magnesium and Nitric 
Acid. 

R. Sulphate of magne- 
sium, half an ounce. 

Tincture of jalap, one fl. drachm. 

Nitric acid, two drops. 

Mint water, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. To be taken for a draught. Ellis. 



MAGNESII SULPHURETUM. 

Sulphuret op Magnesium. 



R. Pure magnesia, 

Sulphur, 

Fuse together. Dose, five to ten grains. 

Jourdain. 



five parts, 
four parts. 



Syrup of Sulphuret of Magnesium. 
R. Sulphuret of magne- 
sium, half an ounce. 
Fennel-water, six ounces. 
Dissolve, strain, and add 

Sugar, fifteen ounces. 

Said to be useful in chronic exanthemata, 
hooping-cough, etc. Dose, a spoonful occa- 
sionally. Radius. 



MAGNESII TARTRAS. 

Tartrate op Magnesium. 

B. Solution of tartaric acid, at will. 
Carbonate of magne- 
sium, sufficient 
to saturate. Evaporate the solution to dry- 
ness, in a water-bath. Used by Iiadernacher, 
in painful chronic maladies of the spleen. 
Dose, one scruple to one drachm. Pereira. 



R 



Aperient Effervescing Magnesia. 
Carbonate of magne- 
sium, one part. 
Sulphate of magnesium, ] 
Bi-carbonate of sodium, | each, 
Tartrate of sodium and V two 
potassium, parts. 
Tartaric acid, 

Drive off the water of crystallization by 
heat, reduce to powder, mix thoroughly, 
and inclose in dry, strong bottles, which 
are to he well corked, and sealed with wax. 

Dose, a teaspoonful, in half a tumbler of 

water, drunk in a state of effervescence. 

Durand. 



Bi-Tartrate of Magnesium. 
R. Tartaric acid, one hundred and 
twenty-five parts. 
Distilled water, two thousand 

parts. 
Dissolve, and add gradually 
Carbonate of magne- 
sium, one hundred and fifty- 
seven parts. 
Evaporate and crystallize. Ph. Hanov. 



MAGNOLIA 



The barks of several species of Magnolia 
are employed as stimulating tonics in the 
United States, those of M. glauca, M. acumi- 
nata, and M. tripetala being recognized by 
the pharmacopoeia. They are stimulating, 
bitter tonics, with some diaphoretic powers, 
and the decoction has been used with some 
success in intermittent fevers and rheuma- 
tism, as has also a tincture of the cones. 
Dose, in powder, half a drachm to a drachm. 



R 



Tincture of Magnolia. 
Recently-dried bark, or 

cones of magnolia, four ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, one pint. 

Macerate for a week, express, and filter. 

In chronic rheumatism. Beasley. 



MALTUM. 



Malt. 

Malt is barley germinated by warmth and 
moisture, and then subjected to such a de- 
gree of heat as to destroy the vital principle. 
It contains sugar, gum, and hordein, and is 
principally used in the manufacture of malt 
liquors. 



Infusion of Malt. 
R. Ground malt, one pint. 

Scalding water, three pints. 

Infuse for two hours, strain, and add sugar 
or lemon juice, if required. Ellis. 

Much prescribed by the late Dr. Parrish, 
as a drink in inflammatory fevers. 



R 



Extract of Malt. 
Ground malt, one part. 

Cold water, one part. 

Macerate for three hours, then add 

Water, four parts. 

Digest at 140° to 150° for one hour, heat 
to boiling, express, strain, and evaporate 
with constant stirring to a soft extract. 

Ph. Germ. 



MALVA. MANGAKESII IODIDUM. 



385 



Emollient Clyster. 

R. Ground malt, "> each, 

Powdered mallow root, y two 

Pearl bariey, ) drachms. 

Water, one quart. 

Boil down to a pint, and strain. Phoebus. 



MALTA. 
Common Mallow. 

Several species of Mallow are recognized 
as officinal in the European pharmacopoeias, 
and, although they are very similar in their 
properties, that most generally employed is 
the M. sylvesiris, the leaves and flowers being 
the officinal parts. 

Sex. Syst. Monadelph. polyand. Nat. Syst. 
Malvaceae. 

They are emollient and demulcent, but 
are seldom employed in this country. 



R. 



Species for Gargles. 
Mallow flowers, 
Elder flowers, 
Marsh mallow leaves 
Cut, and mix. 



} 



equal 



parts. 
Ph. Germ. 



R. 



Emollient Species. 

Mallow leaves, 

Marsh mallow leaves, 

Melilot, 

German chamomile, 

Flaxseed, 



I 

J 
Ph. 



equal 
parts. 

Germ. 



Cut and bruise ; mix. 

R. Leaves of mallow, 

" marsh mallow, 

" mullein, 

" parietaria, 

Cut and mix. Paris Codex. 



equal 

parts. 



Compound Decoction of Mallow. 

R. Dried mallow, one ounce. 

Dried chamomile, half an ounce. 

Water, one pint. 

Boil for a quarter of an hour, and strain. 

Employed for fomentations and enemata. 

Lond. Ph. 1836. 



MANG ANESIUM. 

Manganese. 

This metal is never employed in medicine, 
but several of its oxides and salts have ob- 
tained some celebrity. 
25 



MANGANESII CAHBONAS. 

Carbonate of Manganese. 

R. Peroxide of manganese, atjwill. 

"Wash in very dilute muriatic acid, dissolve 
in strong muriatic acid, and evaporate to 
dryness. Dissolve part in water, and pre- 
cipitate with carbonate of sodium, wash 
precipitate, and digest it with a solution of 
the rest of the salt. Filter, and precipitate 
by carbonate of sodium, wash, and dry. 

Beasley. 



Fills of Carbonate of Manganese and 
Iron. 

R. Crystallized sulphate 

of iron, seventy-five parts. 

Sulphate of manganese, 

twenty-five parts. 
Crystallized carbonate 

of sodium, one hundred and 

twenty parts. 

Honey, sixty parts. 

Water, sufficient. 

Mix well, and divide into pills of three 
grains. Burin Dubuisson. 



MANGANESII chloridum. 

Chloride op Manganese. 



R. Muriatic acid, 

Carbonate of manganese, 



at will. 

sufficient 

to saturate; evaporate, and crystallize. Pre- 
serve in closely-stopped bottles. A solution 
in water has been praised as a gargle in aph- 
thous sore throat. Jourdain. 



Pills of Chloride of Manganese. 

R. Chloride of manganese, 

two scruples. 
Gum Arabic, 
Extract of liquorice, 

each, one scruple. 

Mix, and form pills of two grains. Ad- 
vised in obstinate cutaneous affections, in 
doses of from five to ten. Augustin. 



MANGANESII IODIDUM 

Iodide op Manganese. 



Pills of Iodide of Manganese. 
R. Iodide of potassium, 
Sulphate of manganese, 

equal parts. 
Honey, sufficient. 






386 



MANGANESII PHOSPHAS 



Form mass, and divide into four-grain pills, 
which are to be kept in a well-stopped 
bottle. Dose, one pill, gradually increased 
to six pills, daily. Hannon. 



Syrup of Iodide of Manganese. 

R. Sulphate of manganese, 

sixteen drachms. 

Iodide of potassium, 

nineteen drachms. 

Sugar, 

Water, each, sufficient. 

Dissolve each of the salts in three fl. 
ounces of water containing two drachms 
of syrup ; mix, and after precipitation, 
filter the solution into a bottle containing 
twelve ounces of sugar ; add water to make 
a pint, and shake the bottle till the sugar 
is dissolved. Each fl. ounce contains one 
drachm of iodide of manganese. Dose, ten 
drops to half a fl. drachm. 

W. Procter, Jr. 

R. Iodide of potassium, three 

hundred and thirty grains. 

Tartaric acid, two hundred 

and sixty-four grains. 

Dissolve each in one and a half fl. ounces 
of water ; mix, filter, and saturate the re- 
maining hydriodic acid with carbonate of 
manganese. Then filter, and add sufficient 
syrup to make six fl. ounces. Each fl. 
ounce contains fifty grains of the iodide of 
manganese. Livermore. 



Syrup of Iodide of Iron and 
Manganese. 

R. Iodide of potassium, one 

thousand grains. 

Proto-sulphate of iron, six 

hundred and thirty grains. 

Proto-sulphate of manganese, two 

hundred and ten grains. 

Clean iron filings, one hundred 

grains. 

Powdered sugar, four thousand 

eight hundred grains. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Rub the sulphates and iodide separately to 

powder, mix with the iron filings, add naif 

a fl. ounce of water, and rub to an uniform 

paste; add the same quantity of water a 

second and a third time, at intervals of 

fifteen minutes, and rub. Place the sugar 

in a bottle, and drain the dense solution 

into it through a filler, adding water slowly 

to the magma, until the solution of the 

iodides is displaced, and the water measures 



twelve fl. ounces. Lastly, agitate the 
bottle till the sugar is dissolved. Each fl. 
ounce contains fifty grains of the iodides, 
in the proportion of three parts of iodide 
of iron to one of iodide of manganese. 
Dose, ten to twenty drops. W. Procter, Jr. 



MANGANESII OXIDUM. 
Black Oxide op Manganese. 



Powder of Oxide of Manganese. 

R. Oxide of manganese, two grains. 

Magnesia, one scruple. 

Mix. To be taken every three hours, in 

chlorosis. Brera. 



Bolus of Oxide of Manganese. 
R. Oxide of manganese, fourteen 

grains. 

Extract of savin, 

Aloes, each, ten grains. 

Mix,, and divide into six boluses; to be 

taken during the day, as an emmenagogue. 

Niemann. 



Ointment of Oxide of Manganese. 
R. Oxide of manganese, one part. 
Lard, two parts. 

Mix thoroughly. Giordano. 



Ointment of Oxide of Manganese and 
Sulphur. 

R. Oxide of manganese,) , 
Sulphur, l eacn ' 

Soap, \ ° ne0UnCe ' 

Lard, three drachms. 

Mix. Beasley. 

Both these ointments have been recom- 
mended in porrigo and other skin diseases. 



MANGANESII PHOSPHAS. 

Phosphate op Manganese. 

R. Sulphate of manganese, four 

ounces. 
Phosphate of sodium, five ounces. 
Water, sufficient. 

Dissolve the salts each in two pints of 
water, mix the solutions, wash the precipi- 
tate until the sulphate of sodium is removed, 
press in bibulous paper, and dry. 

W. Procter, Jr. 



MANGANESII SULPHAS. — MANNA. 



387 



MANGANESII SULPHAS. 

Sulphate op Manganese. 

R. Black oxide of manganese, ten 

parts. 
Pounded coal, one part. 

Ignite in a gas retort. Dissolve the pro- 
toxide thus formed in sulphuric acid, with 
the addition at the end of a little hydro- 
chloric acid ; then evaporate the sulphate 
to dryness, and heat again to redness in the 
gas retort. By this process the iron present 
is rendered insoluble, while the sulphate of 
manganese may be dissolved out and crys- 
tallized. Graham. 

R. Carbonate of manganese, at will. 
Diluted sulphuric acid, sufficient 

to saturate. Evaporate and crystallize. 
Dose, one to two drachms, in half a pint of 
water ; to be taken before breakfast, as a 
cholagogue cathartic. Beasley. 



MANNA. 
Manna. 

This is the exudation of several varieties 
of Fraxinus ornus, or Ornus Europma; a 
small tree found in the south of Europe. 

Sex. JSyst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Olea- 
ce<e. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1510. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
445. 

There are several varieties of manna — 
flake, common or in sorts, and fat. The first 
is the best and purest. It consists of sugar, 
a peculiar principle called mannite, and a 
viscous, nauseous matter. Manna is a gen- 
tle laxative, but sometimes causes flatulence 
and pain. Dose, for an adult, one to two 
ounces j for children, one to four drachms. 



Lozenges of Manna. 
R. Mallow root, 

Water, each, four ounces. 

Boil a short time, and add 

Manna, twelve ounces. 

When dissolved, strain, and add 

Sugar, six pounds. 

Opium, dissolved 

in water, twelve grains. 

Evaporate to the consistence of an electu- 
ary, and add 

Orange-flower water, three ounces. 
Essence of bergamot, 

" citron, each, four 

drops. 
Evaporate to proper consistence, pour on a 
marble slab, and divide into lozenges. 

Guibourt. 



Syrup of Manna. 

R. Manna, three parts. 

Water, twelve parts. 

Dissolve and filter, then add 

Sugar, sixteen parts. 

Heat to boiling. Ph. Germ. 



Emulsion of Manna. 

R. Sweet almonds, half an ounce. 

Manna, two ounces. 

Syrup of peach flowers, one 

fl. ounce. 

Infusion of liquorice, four 

fl. ounces. 

Orange-flower water, half fl. ounce. 

Make an emulsion. Radius. 

R. Manna, 

Oil of almonds, each, one ounce. 
Carbonate of potassium, twelve 

grains. 
Cinnamon water, 
Water, each, three fl. ounces. 

Rub the first three ingredients together, 
and gradually add the waters. Two fl. 
ounces to be taken daily, in divided doses, 
in inflammation of the kidneys. 

Bdbington. 



Manna Mixture. 

R . Sulphate of magnesium, one ounce. 

Manna, six drachms. 

Tincture of senna, one fl. drachm 

and a half. 

Boiling water, five fl. ounces. 



Mix. As a purge. 



Ainslie. 



R. Manna, one ounce. 

Sulphate of sodium, one ounce 

and a half. 

Water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. Augustin. 

R. Manna, ninety grains. 

Tartrate of potassium, two 

drachms. 

Wine of colchicum. 



Tincture of cardamom, 



twenty 
minims, 
one 
drachm. 
Compound infusion 

of senna, ten fl. drachms. 

Make a draught. As an aperient in gout. 

Barlow. 



388 



MANNITUM. MAHRUBIUM, 



MANNITUM 



Mannite. 

B. Common manna, six pounds. 

Distilled water, three pints. 

White of egg, one. 

Mix, and boil for a few minutes ; strain when 
cold ; press impure mannite in a cloth ; mix 
it with its weight of water, and again press. 
Dissolve in boiling water, with animal 
charcoal, filter, evaporate to a pellicle, and 
set aside to crystallize. Ruspini. 

B. Manna, one part. 

Boiling water, three parts. 

Dissolve, and add subacetate of lead to sep- 
arate gummy and resinoid matters ; filter 
through muslin, and precipitate excess of 
lead by dilute sulphuric acid. Filter 
through paper, and concentrate by gentle 
heat to consistence of syrup. Pour the hot 
syrup into twice its bulk of cold alcohol, 
which will precipitate the mannite as the 
solution cools. C. T. Bonsall. 

Dose, from two drachms to two ounces. 



MARANTA. 
Arrowroot. 

Arrowroot is the fecula of the roots or 
rhizomes of many plants, but that in com- 
mon use is derived from the Maranta arun- 
dinacea, a native of the West Indies. 

Sex. Syst. Monand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Maranta cese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 2. Griffith, Med. Bot. 637. 

West Indian arrowroot is a light, white 
powder, tasteless and inodorous. It has a 
firm feel, and crackles when pressed. It is 
nutritious and demulcent, and is an article 
of diet well suited to the sick and conva- 
lescent, especially in bowel complaints. It 
is prepared for use by adding to it a certain 
proportion of boiling water, usually about 
a pint to a tablespoonful of the fecula. 



"Water Arrowroot. 
B. Rub the arrowroot with a little 
cold water, till well mixed ; then 
pour boiling water over it, stir- 
ring constant^ ; afterwards boil 
for five minutes. Sweeten with 
white sugar, and flavor with 
lemon juice, or some aromatic ; 
if wine be added, none of the 
astringent kinds should be used. 
Thomson. 



Milk Arrowroot. 

B. Arrowroot, a tablespoonful. 

Sweet milk, 

Boiling water, each, half a pint. 

Proceed as with water arrowroot. Ellis. 



B. Milk, 
Sugar, 
Arrowroot, 

Proceed as above. 



fifteen fl. ounces. 

two ounces. 

one ounce. 

Btral. 



R. 



Arrowroot Pudding. 

Rub a tablespoonful of arrowroot 
with a little cold water, and add 
to it, stirring constantly, a pint 
of boiling milk ; with this mix 
one egg and three teaspoonfuls 
of sugar, previously beaten to- 
gether. This may be boiled or 
baked, and forms a good diet in 
convalescence. 

Thomson. 



Beef-Tea Arrowroot. 

This is made in the same manner as the 
water arrowroot, except that beef-tea is 
used in the boiling state instead of water, 
and that the mixture is to be boiled twenty 
minutes instead of five, Thomson. 



MARRUBIUM. 

HOREHOUND. 

Horehound, M. vidgare, is a small, herba- 
ceous plant, a native of Europe, and natu- 
ralized in some parts of this country. 

Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. 
Lamiaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PL 816. Griffith, Med. Bot. 512. 

The whole herb is officinal. It has a 
strong and peculiar odor in the fresh state, 
which is almost lost on drying. Its taste is 
bitter, and somewhat acrid. It is tonic, 
eramenagogue, antispasmodic, and, in large 
doses, laxative. The dose of the powder is 
from thirty grains to a drachm. 



Extract of Horehound. 
B. Powdered horehound, sufficient. 
Exhaust with water by the process of dis- 
placement, and evaporate to proper consist- 
ence. The dose is from a scruple to half a 
drachm. 



Compound Decoction of Horehound. 
B. Dried horehound, one ounce. 

Bruised liquorice root, 

Flaxseed, each, half an ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint and a half. 
Macerate for four hours, and strain. Dose, 
from one to two fl. ounces, in catarrh. 

JSlejih. §■ Church. 



MASTICHE 



389 



Pectoral Mixture. 

R. Extract of horehound, 
" couch grass, 

each, two drachms. 

Decoction of dandelion, ten 

fl. ounces. 
Oxymel of squill, 
Syrup of fennel, each, two 

fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally. 

Augustin. 



B 



Syrup of Horehound. 

Dried horehound, one ounce. 

Horehound water, two pints. 

Digest for two hours, express, and add 

Sugar, four pounds. 

Form a syrup. Cottereau. 



Horehound Candy. 

R. Expressed juice of 

horehound, one pint. 

Sugar, ten pounds. 

Boil to proper consistence, pour into 
moulds, or on a marble slab, and divide. 

Cooley. 
Much used to allay irritation of throat, 
in catarrh. 



MASTICHE. 

Mastich — Mastic. 

Mastich is a concrete, resinous exudation 
from the Pistacia lentiscus ; a small tree, a 
native of most of the countries bordering on 
the Mediterranean. 

Sex. Syst. Dicec. pentand. Nat. Syst. Ana- 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1455. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
186. 

Mastich occurs in yellowish, semi-trans- 
parent, brittle grains or tears, of a mild, 
agreeable smell, and a resinous but not un- 
pleasant taste. It is much used by the 
Turks as a masticatory to sweeten the 
breath and to strengthen the gums. It is 
more employed in the arts as the basis of 
varnishes, than in medicine. 



Mastich Dentifrice. 
R. Powdered mastich, 

Prepared chalk, each, two drachms. 

Powdered orris root, half an ounce. 

Oil of roses, three drops. 

Mix. Phoebus. 



Aromatic Mastich Collutory. 

R. Mastich, two drachms. 

Balsam of Peru, half a drachm. 

Gum Arabic, two drachms. 

Orange-flower water, six 

fl. ounces. 

Make an emulsion, and add 

Tincture of myrrh, two fl. drachms. 

Phoebus. 



R. 



Anti-Odontalgic Paste 

Mastich, 

Sandarac, each, 

Kino, 

Opium, 

Oil of rosemary, 



two drachms. 

ten grains. 

two grains. 

eight drops. 



Spirit of horseradish, sufficient. 



Mix, and form a paste, 
teeth. 



Used to fill decayed 
Gassicourt. 



R 



Dinner Pills. 

Aloes, six drachms. 

Mastich, 

Red roses, each, two drachms. 

Syrup of wormwood, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and divide into three-grain 
pills. Dose, two pills as a laxative. (Com- 
pare page 109.) 



Ethereal Tincture of Mastich. 



R. Mastich, 
Ether, 



four parts, 
one part. 



Dissolve. To fill the cavity of carious teeth, 
for which purpose a small dossil of cotton 
is saturated with it, and introduced into the 
cavity. Soubeiran. 



Picture Varnish. 

R. Mastich, three hundred and 

sixty parts. 

Venice turpentine, forty-five parts. 

Camphor, fifteen parts. 

Oil of turpentine, one thousand 

parts. 

Dissolve with heat. Redwood. 



Crystal Varnish. 

R. Mastich, three ounces. 

Alcohol, one pint. 

Dissolve. Used to fix pencil drawings. 

Cooley. 



390 



MATICO. — MATRICARIA. 



MATICO. 

Matico. 

This is the leaves of a Peruvian plant, or 
plants ; in most cases of the Artanthe elon- 
gata (Piper angustifolium). 

Sex. Sysl. Diand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Piper- 
acese. 

The leaves, as found in commerce, are 
strongly veined, or reticulated; of a green- 
ish-ash-color ; mixed with fragments of the 
stem and flower spikes ; of a somewhat 
aromatic odor, and a warm, spicy taste. 
They have attained much celebrity as a 
hemostatic, and have also been given in 
mucous and other discharges. As a styptic, 
they are applied in substance to the bleed- 
ing part. 



Infusion of Matico. 

B. Matico, cut small, half an ounce. 
Boiling water, ten ounces. 

Infuse for half an hour. Dose, one to four 
fl. ounces two or three times a day, or 
oftener. In hemorrhagic and other dis- 
charges. Brit. Ph. 



Infusion of Matico and Senna. 
R. Matico, 

Senna, each, two drachms. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse, and strain. Dose, one fl. ounce and 
a half, repeatedly. Watmough. 

Decoction of Matico. 

R. Matico, one ounce. 

Water, twenty ounces. 

Boil for ten or fifteen minutes, and strain. 

Given as above. Jeffreys. 

Tincture of Matico. 
R. Matico, two and a half ounces. 
Diluted alcohol, one pint. 

Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. 

Lane. 

Dr. Jeffreys directs three ounces of 

matico. Dose, from thirty to sixty drops, 

in water. In hemorrhagic discharges, etc. 

R. Powdered matico leaves, 

eight ounces. 

Proof spirit, two pints (imper.). 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filler. 

Dose, one fl. drachm. Dub. Ph. 



Fluid Extract of Matico. 
R. Matico, in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troj^ounces. 

Alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. 



Glycerin, three fl. ounces. 

Water, one fl. ounce. 

Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with 
half a pint of the mixture, pack in a per- 
colator, add the remaining mixture, and 
macerate for four days. Then, with diluted 
alcohol, displace twenty-four fl. ounces, 
reserving the first fourteen, add to the re- 
maining tincture one fl. ounce of glycerin, 
evaporate to two fl. ounces, and mix with 
reserved portion. U. S. Ph. 



Extract of Matico. 
R. Matico, at will. 

Treat by maceration and displacement with 
a mixture of three parts of alcohol (.835) 
and two parts of water. Evaporate the 
tincture on a water-bath, to consistence of 
an extract. 

Dose, ten to twenty grains. 



Syrup of Matico. 
R. Matico, four ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, one pint. 

Make tincture by displacement, evaporate 
to one-half; add 

Sugar, sufficient, 

and form syrup. Puschenberger. 

Used in same cases as the tincture. Dose, 
one to two fl. drachms. 



Ointment of Matico. 
R. Powdered matico, three drachms. 
" opium, three grains. 
Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. As an application to hemorrhoids. 

Young. 



MATRICARIA. 

German Chamomile. 

This is the flowers of M. chamomilla, a 
small annual, herbaceous plant, native of 
many parts of Europe. 

Sex. Syst. Syngeu. superfl. Nat. Syst. As- 
t"pm r* (■**!"* 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1256. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 
iv. 238. 

The flowers, which are the officinal part, 
are smaller than those of the true chamo- 
mile. They have a strong, penetrating, un- 
pleasant odor, which is much diminished 
by drying. Their taste is bitter and some- 
what nauseous. The medical properties are 
much the same as those of chamomile, and 
it is given in the same manner. 



Syrup of German Chamomile. 
R. German chamomile, three parts. 
Boiling distilled water, 

fifteen parts. 



MEL. 



391 



Macerate for several hours, and in ten 
parts of the strained liquid dissolve 

Sugar, eighteen parts. 

Dose, a tablespoonful. Ph. Germ. 



Infusion of German Chamomile. 
R. Flowers of German 

chamomile, six drachms. 

Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 

Infuse for two hours, and strain. Dose, as 
a tonic, a tablespoonful every two hours. 
An extract and the oil are much used in 
Germany, for the same purposes as we em- 
ploy common chamomile. Walther. 

Oleo-infusion of Chamomile. 
R. German chamomile, two parts. 
Alcohol, one part. 

Mix, macerate for several hours, and add 

Olive oil, twenty parts. 

Digest until the alcohol has evaporated, 
express, and after several days, filter. 

Ph. Germ. 
Used in liniments. 



Concentrated "Water of German 
Chamomile. 

R. German chamomile, ten parts. 
Distil by means of steam one hundred 
parts, add two parts of alcohol, and again 
distil ten parts. To obtain chamomile 
water, dilute one part of the above with 
nine parts of distilled water. Ph. Germ. 



MEL. 
Honey. 

This is a peculiar fluid, prepared from 
flowers by the Apis mellifica, or honey-bee. 

In a recent state it is fluid, but by age con- 
cretes iuto a soft, granular mass." It has a 
peculiar, somewhat aromatic odor, and a 
sweet taste, followed by faint acridity. It 
resembles sugar in its properties, but is more 
laxative. It is principally used in medicine 
as a vehicle. 



Clarified Honey. 
R. Honey, at will. 

Melt by means of a water-bath, and remove 
the scum. jj. S. Ph. 

R. Honey, one part. 

Water, two parts. 

Heat for one hour to 212°, avoiding to boil, 
cool to about 120°, filter, and evaporate by 
a water-bath to a syrupy consistence ; strain. 

Ph. Germ. 



Prepared Honey. 

R. Clarified honey, half a pint. 

Diluted alcohol, one pint. 

Prepared chalk, half an ounce. 
Mix the honey and alcohol, add the chalk, 
and let the mixture stand for two hours, 
occasionally stirring. Heat to boiling, 
filter, and evaporate on water-bath, so that 
when cold the sp. gr. will be 1.32. 

U. S. Ph. 1840. 



Oxymel. 
R. Clarified honey, forty ounces. 

Acetic acid, five fl. ounces. 

Distilled water, five fl. ounces. 
Mix the acid and water with the honey 
previously heated. Brit. Ph. 



R. Clarified honey, 

Acetic acid, 
Mix. 



forty parts, 
one part. 
Ph. Germ. 



Hydromel. 

R. Honey, two parts. 

Water, twenty parts. 

Dissolve, and strain. A refreshing and 

slightly laxative drink. Paris Codex. 



Pectoral Hydromel. 

R. Washed Iceland moss, two ounces. 

Hyssop leaves, half an ounce. 

Hydromel, two pounds. 

Macerate for five days, strain, and add 

Sugar, three ounces. 

In catarrh, etc., one or two spoonfuls oc- 
casionally. Foy. 



Expectorant Mixture. 
R. Honey, 

Fresh butter, each, two ounces. 
Mix, and melt over a gentle fire. A spoon- 
ful occasionally. St. Marie. 



Ceromel. 

R. Yellow wax, one ounce. 

Hone} 7 , four ounces. 

Melt the wax and add the honey, stirring 
well. As an application to indolent ulcers. 

Van Mons. 



Honey Water. 

R. Honey, two parts. 

Washed sand, three parts. 

Introduce into a retort, and distil on a 

sand-bath, and remove the oil that floats on 



392 



MELILOTUS. — MELISSA 



the product. Aperient and diuretic ; in 
doses of a scruple to half a drachm. 

Spielmann. 

R. Rectified spirit, eight pints. 

Rose water, two pints. 

Orange-flower water, two pints. 

Oil of cloves, half an ounce. 

" lavender, half an ounce. 

" bergamot, two ounces. 

" sandal wood, one drachm. 

Honey, one ounce. 

Tincture of saffron, one ounce. 

Musk, ten grains. 

Macerate for a week, and filter. Used as 

a perfume. Gray. 

R. Honey, 

Coriander, each, eight ounces. 

Fresh lemon-peel, one ounce. 

Cloves, six drachms. 

Nutmeg,} 

Benzoin, >• each, half an ounce. 

Storax, ) 

Yanilla, three drachms. 

Rose water, 

Orange-flower water, 

each, five ounces. 

Alcohol, forty-eight ounces. 

Distil by means of a water-bath. Some- 
times amber or musk is added. This is 
chiefly used for the toilet. Guibourt. 



MELILOTUS. 

Melilot. — Sweet Clover. 

This is the M. officinalis, an herbaceous 
plant, indigenous to Europe, and natural- 
ized to some extent in this country. 

Sex. Syst. Diadel. decaud. Nat. Syst. Le- 
guminos;i\ 

The leaves are tern ate, with obovate leaf- 
lets and subulate stipules; the corolla is 
small and yellow. On drying, the odor of 
coumarin is developed. It is now mainly 
employed externally as an emollient and 
stimulating application to ulcers. 



Plaster of Melilot. 

R. Yellow wax, four parts. 

Turpentine, 
Olive oil, each, one part. 

Melt, together, and when nearly cold add 



Powdered melilot. 



Mix well. 



two parts. 
Ph. Germ. 



MELISSA. 
Balm. 

Several species have been used in medi- 
cine, but the only one that is officinal in 
this country is M. officinalis, a small herba- 
ceous plant, which is a native of the south 
of Europe, and is very generally cultivated 
in our gardens. 

Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. 
Lamiacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 827. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 
iii. 365. 

The whole herb is used ; it has an agree- 
able odor, somewhat like that of lemons, 
and an aromatic, slightly bitter taste. Its 
medicinal properties are very slight, but it 
communicates an agreeable flavor to in- 
fusions. 



Infusion of Balm. 
(Balm Tea.) 

R. Balm, two to four drachms. 

Boiling water, six fl. ounces. 

Infuse for two hours, and strain. Used to 
favor or restore the eruption in the exan- 
themata, in doses of a wineglassful. 

Walther. 



Balm Water. 

R. Fresh balm, ten parts. 

Water, sufficient. 

Mix, and distil ten parts. Paris Codex. 

Ph. Germ, directs to distil ten parts of 

water from one part of dried balm. 



Concentrated Balm Water. 
R. Balm, ten parts. 

Pistil, by means of steam, one hundred 
parts, add two parts of alcohol, and again 
distil ten parts. By diluting one part of 
this with nine parts of distilled water, balm 
water is obtained. Ph. Germ. 



Compound Spirit of Balm. 
R. Fresh balm, ninety parts. 

Fresh lemon-peel, fifteen parts. 
Cinnamon,) 

Cloves, v each, eight parts. 
Nutmeg, ) 
Angelica, 

Coriander, each, four parts. 

Alcohol, five hundred parts. 

Macerate for four days, and distil. 

Paris Codex. 



R. Balm leaves, 
Lemon-peel, 
Coriander, 
Nutmeg, each, 



fourteen parts, 
twelve parts. 

six parts. 



MENTHA PIPERITA, 



393 



Cinnamon, 

Cloves, each, three parts. 

Alcohol, one hundred and 

fifty parts. 

Water, two hundred and fifty parts. 

Distil two hundred parts. Ph. Germ. 

These are known as the Eau des Carmes. 
It is used as a perfume, stomachic, and 
stimulant. 



R. Compound spirit 
of balm, 
Spirit of mint, 
" rosemary, 

each, 

u sage, 

" thyme, 

Mix. This is known as Eau de Dardel, 

and is used as above. Guibourt. 



sixteen parts. 



twelve parts. 

nine parts. 

eight parts. 



Anti-Hysteric "Water. 



one pound. 

one ounce. 

half an ounce. 

two drachms. 

twelve pounds. 

Digest for some time, and distil off one- 
half. As a stimulant, and antispasmodic 
in hysteria. Wirtemberg Ph. 



Fresh balm, 
Laurel berries, 
Cumin, each, 
Myrrh, 
Castor, 
White wine, 



MENTHA PIPERITA. 

Peppermint. 

Many species of Mentha are used in med- 
icine, but two only are recognized in our 
pharmacopoeia ; the M. piperita and M. viri- 
dis; both natives of Europe, and naturalized 
in this country. 

Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. 
Lainiacece. 

Smith, Eng. Bot. x. 687. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 502. 

The whole plant is used it has a pecu- 
liar, aromatic odor, and a balsamic, pun- 
gent, camphorated taste, followed by a sen- 
sation of coolness. It is aromatic, carmin- 
ative, and stimulant, and is much employed 
to expel flatus, obviate nausea, etc. 



Oil of Peppermint. 

R. Peppermint, at will. 

Water, sufficient. 

Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the 
product. U. S. Ph. 



Aromatic Species 
R. Peppermint, 
Rosemary, 
Wild thyme, 
Marjoram, 
Lavender, 
Cloves, 
Cubebs, each, 



each, two parts. 



one part. 



Cut and bruise separately, remove the fine 
powder, and mix. Ph. Germ. 

The aromatics and the proportions vary 
in the different pharmacopoeias. 



R 



"Water of Peppermint. 

Oil of peppermint, half afl. drachm. 

Carbonate of magnesium, one 

drachm. 

Distilled water, two pints. 

Rub the oil with the carbonate of magne- 
sium, and then with the water gradually 
added, and filter. U. S. Ph. 

R. Oil of peppermint, one fl. drachm 

and a half. 
Water, fifteen pounds. 

Distil ten pounds, Brit. Ph. Paris Codex 
directs to distil one part of water from one 
part of the fresh herb, Ph. Germ, ten parts, 
and U. S. Ph. fourteen parts of water from 
one part of dried peppermint. 
Dose, a tablespoonful. 



Spirit of Peppermint. 

R. Oil of peppermint, one fl. ounce. 

Rectified spirit, forty-nine 

fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Brit. Ph. 

Dose, from half to one fl. drachm. 

R. Oil of peppermint, one fl. ounce. 
Peppermint, two drachms. 

Alcohol, fifteen fl. ounces. 

Mix, macerate for twenty-four hours, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, from ten to thirty minims. 



Essenoe of Peppermint. 
R. Oil of peppermint, one fl. ounce. 
Rectified spirit, four fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Dose, five to fifteen minims. 

Brit. Ph. 
The officinal spirit is known in this coun- 
try as essence of peppermint. 



Peppermint Lozenges. 
R. Oil of peppermint, one fl. drachm. 
Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 
Sugar, twelve troy ounces. 



394 



MENTHA VIRIDIS, 



Mix, and form four hundred and eighty 
troches. U. S. Ph. 



Carminative Mixture. 
R. Essence of peppermint, one 

fl. ounce. 
Peppermint water, four fl. ounces. 
Syrup of mallow, three fl. ounces. 
Oil of cinnamon, two drops. 

" peppermint, three drops. 
Mix. A spoonful every two hours, in con- 
vulsive hiccough. Alibert. 

R. Magnesia, half a drachm. 

Peppermint 

water, two and a half fl. drachms. 
Compound spirit of 

lavender, half fl. drachm. 

Spirit of caraway, four fl. drachms. 
Syrup of ginger, two fl. drachms. 

Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, as an 
antacid and carminative. Paris. 



MENTHA VIRIDIS. 

Spearmint. 

This species, like the last, although a 
native of Europe, has hecome extensively 
naturalized in many parts of the United 
States ; principally in low, wet situations. 
It is less powerfully aromatic and pungent 
than peppermint, but is more agreeable in 
odor and taste to most persons. It has the 
same properties, and its preparations are 
the same as of that article. 

The French and German pharmacopoeias 
employ M. crispa and M. crispata. 



Syrup of Mint. 
B. Mint, bruised, three parts. 

Boiling distilled water, fifteen 

parts. 
Macerate for several hours, and in ten parts 
of the strained liquid dissolve 

Sugar, eighteen parts. 

Dose, a tablespoonful. Ph. Germ. 



Infusion of Mint. 
R. Dried spearmint, three drachms. 
Boiling water, half a pint. 

Infuse for fifteen minutes, and strain. 

Dub. Ph. 



Sugar, two drachms, 

Oil of spearmint, three drops, 
dissolved in 

Compound tincture 
of cardamom, half a fl. ounce. 

To allay nausea, etc. Dose, one to two fl. 
ounces. Dub. Ph. 1826. 

R. Dried mint, two ounces. 

Red roses, four scruples. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Diluted sulphuric acid, two 

fl. drachms. 

Macerate for half an hour, strain, and add 

Sugar, one ounce and a half, 

and dissolve. Guy's Hospital. 



Compound Infusion of Mint. 

R. Dried spearmint, two drachms. 
Boiling water, sufficient 

to afford hl\ fl. ounces of strained infusion. 
Add 



"Water of Spearmint. 

R. Oil of spearmint, half a fl. drachm. 

Carbonate of magnesium, one 

drachm. 

Water, two pints. 

Rub the oil with the carbonate, then grad- 
ually with the water, and filter. Dose, a 
tablespoonful or more. U. S. Ph. 

R. Oil of spearmint, one fl. drachm 

and a half. 
Water, fifteen pounds. 

Distil ten pounds, Brit. Ph. Paris Codex 
directs to distil one part of water from one 
part of fresh, Ph. Germ, ten parts from 
one part of dry curled mint, U. S. Ph. 
fourteen parts from one part of dry spear- 
mint. 



Arquebusade Water. 
R. Dried mint, 

tt angelica tops, 

each, one pound. 

" wormwood, half a pound. 
Angelica fruit, five ounces. 

Oil of juniper, half a drachm. 

Spirit of rose- 
mary, three pints and a half. 
Rectified spirit, five gallons. 

Water, four gallons. 

Mix, and distil six gallons. Much cele- 
brated as a vulnerary, for contusions, and 
for cleansing and healing ulcers and wounds, 
especially those caused by firearms. 

Redwood. 



Essence (Spirit) of Spearmint. 
R. Oil of spearmint, one fl. ounce. 
Alcohol, fifteen fl. ounces. 

Spearmint, two drachms. 



MENTANTHES. — MEZEEEUM 



395 



Mix, macerate for twenty-four hours, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, ten to thirty minims. 

The strength of spirits made with volatile 
oils, of Brit. Ph., is one measure of the oil 
to forty-nine measures of alcohol. 



MENYANTHES. 

BUCKBEAN. — BOGBEAN. 

The M. trifoliala, or buckbean, is an aqua- 
tic herbaceous plant, with ternate leaves, a 
native of both Europe and North America. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 207. Griffith, Med. Bot. 464. 

All parts of the plant are* medicinal, but 
the leaves only are employed and are recog- 
nized by several European pharmacopoeias 
under the name of Trifolium fibrinum. They 
are very bitter, but have very little odor. 
In small doses, the buckbean is tonic and 
astringent, in large ones cathartic, and even 
emetic. As a tonic, the dose of the pow- 
dered leaves, or root, is from twenty to 
thirty grains. 



Infusion of Buckbean. 

R. Buckbean, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for two hours, and strain. Dose, 

one to two fl. ounces. Saunders. 



Extract of Buckbean. 

R. Clarified juice of 
buckbean, 

Evaporate to the proper consistence. 

Guibourt. 



at will. 



R. Buckbean, cut, one part. 

Digest first with six, afterwards with three 
parts of boiling water, each time for six 
hours ; express, strain, and evaporate. 

Ph. Germ. 
Dose, ten to fifteen grains. 



Compound Pills of Buckbean. 

R. Extract of buckbean, 

" valerian, 

each, two drachms. 

Soap, half an ounce. 

Rhubarb, one drachm and a half. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and make pills of two grains. Ten, 
three times a day, in a costive condition of 
the bowels. Vogel. 



Mixture of Buckbean, Fumitory, etc. 
R. Extract of buckbean, } each, 

" fumitory, > half an 

" couch grass, ) ounce. 

Chamomile water, ten fl. ounces. 
Compound infusion of 

horseradish, four fl. ounces. 

Sulphuric acid, half a drachm. 
Mix. Two tablespoonfuls a day as an an- 
tiscorbutic. Selle. 



Bitter Elixir. 
R. Extract of buckbean, 
" orange-peel, 

each, two parts. 

Peppermint water, 
Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.92, 

each, sixteen parts. 

Spirit of ether, one part. 

Dissolve and mix. Ph. Germ. 

Dose, one-half to one teaspoonful. 



Diuretic Mixture. 
R. Extract of buckbean, half an 

ounce. 

Yinegar of squill, two fl. ounces. 

Tincture of assafetida, half 

fl. ounce. 

Mix. Dose, thirty drops three times a 

day, as a diuretic. Augustin. 



MEZEREUM. 
Mezereon. 

This is the hark of several species of 
Daphne; two species of w r hich are officinal 
in the U. S. Ph., the D. mezereum, and B. 
gnidium, both shrubs indigenous to Europe; 
the first being the most generally used. 

Sex. Syst. Octand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Thymelacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 509. Griffith, Med. Bot, 560. 

The officinal portion is the bark. This, 
as found in the shops, is in long, narrow 
strips, of a grayish color and fibrous texture. 
It is almost inodorous, with a sweetish taste 
at first, soon becoming extremely acrid. It 
is used as an external irritant and stimulant, 
and internally as an alterative diaphoretic. 



Decoction of Mezereon. 
R. Mezereon, two drachms. 

Water, three pints. 

Boil till reduced to a quart. Add 

Liquorice root, half an ounce. 

Strain. Four to eight fl. ounces a day. 

Thomson. 



396 



MONARDA. 



In syphilitic affections, especially when 
there are night-pains aud eruptions. 



Compound Decoction of Mezereon. 
R. Mezereon,, two drachms. 

Bittersweet, half an ounce. 

Burdock, two ounces. 

Water, four pints. 

Boil down to three pints, and add 

Liquorice root, two drachms. 

Strain. In the same cases' as above, and 
in obstinate diseases of the skin. 

Van Moris. 



Extract of Mezereon. 
R. Mezereon, finely cut, one part. 
Alcohol, seven parts. 

Digest for two days, first with four, and 
then with three parts of alcohol, express, 
filter, distil, and evaporate to a soft ex- 
tract. ' Ph. Germ. 



Ethereal Extract of Mezereon. 

Macerate the extract obtained by the pre- 
ceding process from one pound of mezereon, 
with twenty fl. ounces of ether for twenty- 
four hours, shaking frequently ; decant the 
solution, distil and evaporate to a soft ex- 
tract. Brit. Ph. 



Fluid Extract of Mezereon. 

R. Mezereon, in powder, 

No. 40, sixteen ounces. 

Stronger alcohol, sufficient. 

Moisten powder with- six fl. ounces of the 
alcohol, pack firmly in a percolator, add 
ten fl. ounces of the alcohol, and macerate 
for four days ; then displace twenty-four fl. 
ounces, reserving the first fourteen ; evapo- 
rate the remaining ten to two fl. ounces, 
and mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. 
The last three preparations are exces- 
sively acrid, and are mainly employed in 
the preparation of ointments and liniments. 



Mezereon Ointment. 
R. Fluid extract of 

mezereon, four fl. ounces. 

Lard, fourteen troyounces. 

Yellow wax, two troyounces. 

Melt lard and wax, add fluid extract, stir 
until alcohol has evaporated, and after- 
wards while codling. (7. 8. Ph. 

R. Extract of mezereon, one part. 

Wax ointment, nine parts. 



Mix thoroughly. Ph. Germ. 

Mezereon ointment of Paris Codex is 
almost identical with the foregoing. 

Used as a stimulating application to 
blistered surface, and to indolent ulcers. 



Plaster of Mezereon and Cantharides. 
R. Bruised mezereon, ten grammes. 
" cantharides, 

thirty grammes. 

Acetic ether, one hundred 

grammes. 

Macerate for eight days, express, filter, and 

dissolve in the filtrate 

Sandarac, four grammes. 

Elemi, 

Resin, each, two grammes. 

Spread this solution upon three hundred 
square centimetres of silk which has been 
previously coated with a solution of twenty 
grammes of isinglass. Ph. Germ. 



MONARDA 

HORSEMINT. 



Almost all the species of Monarda are pos- 
sessed of medicinal properties, but one only 
is recognized as officinal, the M. punctata. 
This is a native, perennial, herbaceous 
plant, with yellow flowers, spotted with 
brown ; usually growing in sandy soils. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lami- 

Linn. Sp. PI. 126. Griffith, Med. Bot, 510. 

The whole plant is aromatic, and abounds 
in a pungent, volatile oil. It is used in in- 
fusion, for flatulent, colic, and as an em- 
menagogue. 



Oil of Horsemint. 

R. Fresh horsemint, at will. 

Water, sufficient. 

Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the 
product. 

Internally, as a carminative, in doses of 
two or three drops, with sugar and water. 
Externally, as a rubefacient, in low states 
of fever, rheumatism, etc. In most causes 
it must be diluted. 



Oil of Horsemint Liniment. 

R. Oil of horsemint, half an ounce. 
Tincture of camphor, two ounces. 
Laudanum, two drachms. 

Mix. As a rubefacient application. 

Atlee. 



MONESIA. — MORPHIA 



397 



MONESIA. 

MONESIA. 

This is an extract obtained from the 
bark of Chrysophyllum glycyphlceum, a tree 
growing in South America. It is in the 
form of hard, thick cakes, having at first a 
sweet taste, which soon becomes astringent 
and acrid. It is of a dark brown color, fri- 
able, and soluble in water. It has been 
used with success in various discharges, es- 
pecially of a chronic character ; in chronic 
bronchitis, etc., in doses of two to ten grains, 
frequently repeated ; also as an application 
to atonic ulcers. 



Purified Monesia. 
R. Monesia, bruised, one pound. 

Boiling water, six pints. 

Infuse for twenty-four hours, stirring occa- 
sionally ; decant, and evaporate by a water- 
bath. Beasley. 



Monesia Mixture. 



R. Monesia, 



two scruples. 



Water, seven and a half fl. ounces. 
Compound tincture of 

cardamom, half a fl. ounce. 

Mix, and dissolve. Dose, a tablespoonful. 

Neligan. 



Syrup of Monesia. 
R. Monesia, one drachm. 

Water, one fl. drachm. 

Boiling syrup, twelve fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Derosne. 



R 



Compound Syrup of Monesia. 

Hot syrup of monesia, 

sixteen fl. ounces. 
Orange-flower water, 

half a fl. ounce. 

Extract of poppies, sixteen grains. 

Mix. As above. Derosne. 



Tincture of Monesia. 
R. Monesia, one ounce. 

Diluted alcohol, 

nine and a half fl. ounces. 

Water, two fl. ounces. 

Macerate, and decant. Donovan. 

R. Monesia, half an ounce. 

Alcohol, two fl. ounces. 

Water, seven and a half fl. ounces. 

St. Ange. 
As above. Used in injections ; half a 
drachm to a drachm, to six fl. ounces of 
water. 



Monesia Ointment. 
R. Monesia, one drachm. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. St. Ange. 

R. Monesia, 

Water, each, one part. 

White wax, two parts. 

Oil of almonds, four parts. 

Mix. Derosne. 

As an application to indolent ulcers. 



MOftA. 

Mulberries. 

Two species of Morus produce fruit which 
appears to have identical properties ; M. 
nigra, a native of Europe, which is officinal 
in some foreign pharmacopoeias ; and M. 
rubra, a native of the United States. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. tetrand. Nat. Syst. Mo- 
racere. 

Mulberries are refreshing and laxative, 
and form the basis of a grateful drink in 
febrile cases. 



R. 



Syrup of Mulberries. 

Mulberry juice, twenty fl. ounces. 

Sugar, thirty-two ounces. 

Alcohol, two and a half fl. ounces. 
Heat the juice to the boiling point, cool, 
and filter. Dissolve the sugar with a 
gentle heat, and add the spirit. It should 
weigh fifty-four ounces, and have the sp. 
gr. 1.33. Brit. Ph. 

As an addition to cooling drinks in fever. 



R, 



Rob of Mulberries. 

Strained juice of mulberries, 



at will. 

Evaporate to the consistence of honey. 

Austr. Ph. 
Used as a detersive application to ulcers, 
and as an addition to gargles. 



MORPHIA. 
Morphia. 



R. Opium, sliced, twelve troyounces. 
Distilled water, | each 

i ■ K i l sufficient. 

Animal charcoal, ) 

Water of ammonia, 

six fl. ounces. 

Macerate the opium with four pints of the 
water, for twenty-four hours ; and having 
worked it with the hand, digest for twenty- 
four hours, and strain. Operate on the resi- 



398 



moephij: acetas 



due twice, in the same manner. Mix the 
infusions, evaporate to six pints, and filter ; 
then add five pints of alcohol, and after- 
wards three fi. ounces of the water of am- 
monia mixed with half a pint of alcohol. 
Let rest for twenty-four hours, add the rest 
of the ammonia, mixed as before, and set 
aside for twenty-four hours, to crystallize. 
Purify the crystals by boiling them with 
two pints of alcohol, till dissolved, and 
filtering while hot through animal charcoal, 
and recrystallizing. U. S. Ph. 

R. Mix a concentrated infusion of 
opium with milk of lime (in 
which the lime is one-fourth the 
weight of the opium used) ; 
heat the mixture to boiling; 
filter, while boiling hot, through 
linen, and add an excess of chlo- 
ride of ammonium. As it cools, 
the morphia is precipitated. 

Molxr- 
One-eighth of a grain is about equal in 
power to a grain of opium. 



Anodyne Solution of Morphia. 

R. Morphia, one grain. 

Wine vinegar, two grains. 

Rectified spirit, twenty grains. 

Chloroform, eighty grains. 

Dissolve, and mix. Said to leave no un- 
pleasant after-effects. Each drop contains 
5^ grain of morphia. 

Brit. Med. Journ. 1867. 



Pills of Morphia. 

R. Morphia, one grain. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and make six pills. Magendie. 



Morphia Draught. 

R. Morphia, a quarter of a grain. 
Syrup of poppies, one drachm. 
Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. At bedtime. Brera. 



Injection of Morphia. 

R. Morphia, two grains. 

Yolk of egg, one. 
Oil of chamomile, 

" poppies, each, one ounce. 

Mix. To ease pain in earache, and used in 
acute gonorrhoea and hemorrhoids. Brera. 



MORPHIJE ACETAS. 

Acetate of Morphia. 

R. Powdered morphia, one troyounce. 
Distilled water, half a pint. 

Acetic acid, sufficient. 

Mix the morphia with the water, and drop 
in the acid, constantly stirring, till the mor- 
phia is saturated and dissolved. Evaporate 
to consistence of syrup on a water-bath. 
Dry by a gentle heat, and powder. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one-eighth to a quarter of a grain. 



Solution of Morphia and Ipecacuanha. 

R. Acetate of morphia, one scruple. 

Diluted acetic acid, one fl. drachm. 

Water, two fl. ounces. 

Wine of ipecacuanha, four 

fl. ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, ten fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, containing about 
one-sixth of a grain of the acetate, and 
one grain of ipecacuanha. 



Compound Powder of Acetate of 
Morphia. 

R. Acetate of morphia, one grain. 

Powdered foxglove, six grains. 

Extract of pulsatilla, twelve 

grains. 

Sugar, one drachm. 

Mix, and form thirty-six powders. Four a 
day, in the cough and sleeplessness of con- 
sumptive patients. Cadet. 



■Bolus of Acetate of Morphia. 


R. Acetate of morphia, 


one grain, 


Olive oil, 


ten drops 


Crumb of bread, 




Honey, each, 


sufficient. 


Mix, and make six boluses. 


Brera 



Troches of Acetate of Morphia. 

They are to be made of white sugar, so 
that each contains five milligrammes ( T ^ 
grain) of acetate of morphia. Ph. Germ. 



Pills of Acetate of Morphia. 
R. Acetate of morphia, one grain. 
Conserve of roses, sixteen grains. 
Mix, and make eight pills. Mialhe. 

R. Acetate of morphia, one grain. 
Golden sulphuret of antimony, 
Extract of aconite, each, two 

grains. 



MORPHINE BIMECONAS.-MORPHIJ1 CITRAS. 399 



Powdered liquorice, 

Honey, each, sufficient. 

Mix, and make eight pills. Brera. 

R. Acetate of morphia, one grain. 

Powdered digitalis, six grains. 

" camphor, ten grains. 

" gum Arabic, eight 

grains. 

Sj-rup of tolu, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and divide into six pills. 
One may be taken every three hours. 

A. T. Thomson. 

R. Acetate of morphia, 

fifteen grains. 
Ammonio-sulphate 

of copper, half a drachm. 

Inspissated bile, 
Powdered quassia, 

each, four scruples. 

Mix, and make one hundred pills. Five, 
morning and evening, in diabetes mellitus. 

Brendt. 



Solution of Acetate of Morphia. 

R. Acetate of morphia, 

sixteen grains. 
Acetic acid, two fl. drachms. 

Distilled water, six fl. drachms. 
Mix. Dose, six to twenty-four drops. 

Dunglison. 

R. Acetate of morphia, four grains. 

Dilute acetic acid, eight minims. 

Distilled water, six fl. drachms. 

Rectified spirit, two fl. drachms. 
Mix. Dose, ten to sixty minims. 

Brit. Ph. 



Alcoholic Solution of Acetate of 
Morphia. 

R. Acetate of morphia, 

sixteen grains. 
Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. Cottereau. 



Syrup of Acetate of Morphia. 

R. Acetate of morphia, four grains. 

Dissolve in a small portion of water, and a 
few drops of acetic acid, and add to 

Syrup, sixteen troyounces. 

Pan's Codex. 



Mixture with Acetate of Morphia. 

R. Solution of acetate of 

morphia, twenty drops. 

Lactucarium, ten grains. 

Infusion of chamomile, 

five ounces. 
Syrup of marsh mallow, 

half on ounce. 
Mix. Dose, a spoonful. Beral. 



Clyster with Acetate of Morphia. 

R. Starch, one drachm. 

Hot water, one pint. 

Acetate of morphia, one grain. 

Mix. In chronic diarrhoea. Cadet. 



Ointment of Acetate of Morphia. 
R. Acetate of morphia, 

six to eight grains. 
Lard, one to two drachms. 

Mix. As a friction 'in violent rheumatic 
pains. Foy. 

R. Acetate of morphia, four grains. 

Mercurial ointment, 

Simple ointment, 

each, two drachms. 

Mix. In frictions on the labia, twice a day, 
in cancer of the uterus. Hildenbrand. 



MORPHIA BIMECONAS. 

BlMECONATE OF MORPHIA. 

R. Meconic acid, two hundred grains. 
Boiling water, sufficient. 

Dissolve, and add 

Morphia, sufficient 

to saturate. (About 310 grains.) Evapo- 
rate to dryness. Squire. 
Dose, one-fourth of a grain. 

Solution of Bimeconate of Morphia. 

R. Bimeconate of morphia, ten grains. 

Rectified spirit, one fl. drachm. 

Distilled water, thirteen 

fl. drachms. 

Mix. About the strength of laudanum. 

Beasley. 



MORPHIA CITRAS. 
Citrate op Morphia. 
R. Morphia, sixteen grains. 

Crystallized citric 

acid, eight grains. 



400 MORPHIA HYDEIODAS. — MORPHIJ1 MURIAS. 



Distilled water, one ounce, 

colored with 

Tincture of cochineal, two 

drachms. 

Mix. Dose, six to thirty drops, in the 
twenty-four hours. Magendie. 



MORPHINE HYDRIODAS. 

Hydriodate of Morphia. 

R. Muriate of morphia, two parts. 
Iodide of potassium, one part. 

Make a strong solution of each, and mix ; 
wash the precipitate in a little cold water, 
press in bibulous paper, redissolve in hot 
water, and let crystallize. A. T. Thomson. 



MORPHINE MURIAS. 
Muriate of Morphia. 
R. Morphia, in powder, 



Distilled water, 
Muriatic acid. 



one 

troyounce. 

four fl. ounces. 

sufficient. 



each, 

sufficient. 



Mix the morphia with the water, drop in 
the acid, constantly stirring, till the morphia 
is saturated and dissolved. Evaporate by 
means of a water-bath to crystallization. 
Dry upon bibulous paper. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one-eighth to half a grain. 

R. Opium, sliced, twelve ounces. 

Chloride of calcium, three 

quarters of an ounce. 

Purified animal charcoal, one 

quarter ounce. 

Dilute hydrochloric 

acid, 
Water of ammonia, 
Distilled water, 

Exhaust the opium by repeated macera- 
tion with water, evaporate to twenty fl. 
ounces, and strain ; add the chloride of cal- 
cium dissolved in four fl. ounces of water, 
and evaporate until the mixture becomes 
solid on (•ooling. Express strongly and pre- 
serve the dark liquid. Triturate the cake 
with ten ounces of boiling water, filter, and 
wash residue well ; evaporate the liquids, 
coo], ;ind express the solid mass again, and, 
if much colon-d, repeat the same operation 
again. Now dissolve the cake in six fl. 
ounces of boiling distilled water, digest with 
the charcoal fortwenty minutes, filter, wash, 

and mix with slight exeess of ammonia. 
Collect tin: morphia, wash well, diffuse in 
two II. ounces of boiling water, neutralize 
carefully with the muriatic acid, crystallize, 



drain, and dry. A small portion of pure 
morphia may be obtained from the dark 
liquids expressed as above, by diluting them 
with water, precipitating with excess of po- 
tassa, filtering, supersaturating with muri- 
atic acid, treating with animal charcoal, and 
precipitating with ammonia. Brit. Ph. 



Solution of Muriate of Morphia. 

R. Muriate of morphia, four grains. 
Diluted hydrochloric 

acid, eight minims. 

Rectified spirit, two fl. drachms. 
Distilled water, six fl. drachms. 
Mix the acid, spirit, and water, and dis- 
solve the muriate in the mixture. 

Brit. Ph. 
Twenty minims contain one-sixth of a 
grain of the muriate, equal to about a grain 
of opium. 

R. Muriate of morphia, sixteen grs. 
Distilled water, seven fl. drachms. 
Alcohol, one fl. drachm. 

Mix. Dose, six to twenty drops. Cadet. 
This is of about the same morphia 
strength as Magendie's solution of sulphate 
of morphia. 



Syrup of Muriate of Morphia. 

R. Muriate of morphia, one grain. 

Distilled water, two scruples. 

Syrup, four troyounces. 

Dissolve in water and mix. Dose, a tea- 
spoonful. As an expectorant. 

Paris Codex. 



Compound Syrup of Muriate of 
Morphia. 

R. Muriate of morphia, two grains. 

Syrup of pinks, ten ounces. 

u balm, four ounces. 

" orange flowers, two 

ounces. 

Mix. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. 

Cadet. 



Mixture of Muriate of Morphia. 

R. Muriate of morphia, one or two 

grains. 
Spirit of chloroform, 
Compound tincture of car- 
damom, each, one fluidounce. 

Mix. Dose, a dessertspoonful at bedtime, 
in insomnia. Tanner. 



MORPHIiE NITKAS. MORPHINE SULPHAS. 401 



Pills of Muriate of Morphia. 

R. Muriate of morphia, 

Milk sugar, each, fifteen grains. 

Make, with honey, into one hundred pills. 
and roll them in powdered starch. 

Paris Codex. 



Lozenges of Muriate of Morphia. 

R. Muriate of morphia, one scruple. 
Tincture of tolu, half a fl. ounce. 
Powdered sugar, twenty-four 

ounces. 
" gum Arabic, one ounce. 

Dissolve the muriate in half an ounce of 
water, mix it and the tincture with the 
sugar and gum previously mixed, beat into 
a mass with mucilage, and divide into seven 
hundred and twenty lozenges. Each lozenge 
contains one-thirty-sixth of a grain of the 
muriate. Brit. Ph. 



Lozenges of Muriate of Morphia 
and Ipecacuanha. 

R. Made as the last, with the addition 
of one drachm of ipecacuanha. 

Dose, one to six lozenges. Brit. Ph. 



Suppositories of Muriate of Morphia. 

R. Muriate of morphia, six grains. 
Benzoinated lard, sixty-four grs. 
White wax, twenty grains. 

Oil* of theobroma, ninety grains. 

Triturate the morphia and lard, add to the 
melted wax and oil, and make twelve sup- 
positories. Brit. Ph. 



MORPHINE NITRAS. 

Nitrate of Morphia. 

R. Morphia, at will. 

Dilute nitric acid, sufficient. 

Saturate, dissolve, evaporate, and let crys- 
tallize. Giordano. 



MORPHIA PHOSPHAS. 

Phosphate of Morphia. 

Make like the last, using dilute phos- 
phoric acid instead of niti'ic. 

26 



R 



MORPHIiE SULPHaS. 

Sulphate of Morphia. 
. Morphia, in powder, 

Distilled water. 



one 
troyounce. 
half a pint. 
Diluted sulphuric acid, sufficient. 

Mix the morphia with the water, drop in 
the acid, constantly stirring till the morphia 
is saturated and dissolved. Evaporate on 
water-bath and let crystallize. Dry crystals 
on bibulous paper. U. 8. Ph. 

Dose, one-eighth to half a grain. 



Bolus of Sulphate of Morphia. 

R. Sulphate of morphia, two grains 

Oil of almonds, 

Sulphate of iron, 

Crumb of bread, 

Honey, each, 
Mix, and make eight boluses. 

R. Sulphate of morphia, one grain. 

Ipecacuanha, three grains. 

Oil of almonds, 

Extract of aconite, 

Liquorice powder, 

Honey, each, 
Mix, and make six boluses. One, every 
three or four hours. Brera. 



sufficient, 
four grains. 

sufficient. 



twelve drops, 
two grains. 

sufficient. 



Pills of Sulphate of Morphia. 
R. Sulphate of morphia, two grains. 

Cyanide of potassium, four grains. 

Mucilage, sufficient. 

Mix, and make twenty-four pills. One, 
every six hours, in neuralgia. Rougier. 



R. Sulphate of morphia, 
Olive oil, 
Ipecacuanha, 
Nux vomica, 
Crumb of bread, 
Honey, each, 

Mix, and make six pills 
hours. 



one grain. 

sufficient. 

three grains. 

two grains. 



sufficient. 

One, every two 

Brera. 



Troches of Morphia and Ipecac. 

R. Sulphate of morphia, twelve grs. 

Ipecacuanha, in powder, 

forty grains. 

Sugar, ten troy ounces. 

Oil of gaultheria, five minims. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 
Rub the powders together, then add the oil 
and mucilage, and divide into four hundred 
and eighty troches. U. S. Ph. 



402 



MORPHINE TARTEAS. MOSCHUS 



Solution of Sulphate of Morphia. 

R. Sulphate of morphia, eight grains. 
Distilled water, half a pint. 

Dissolve. U. S. Ph. 

One fl. drachm contains an eighth of a 
grain. 



Magendie's Solution. 
R. Sulphate of morphia, sixteen 

grains. 
Distilled water, one ounce. 

Mix. Dose, six to twenty drops. 

Magendie. 
To prevent decomposition, Dr. Chr. 
Johnston adds three to five drops of sul- 
phurous acid. 



Syrup of Sulphate of Morphia. 
R. Sulphate of .morphia, one grain. 
Dissolve in a little water, and add to 

Syrup, four ounces. 

Each ounce contains one-quarter of a grain 
of sulphate. Paris Codex. 

Lotion of Sulphate of Morphia and 
Borax. 

R. Sulphate of morphia, six grains. 

Borax, half an ounce. 

Rose water, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix. As an application in pruritus vaginae, 
washing first with tepid soap and water. 



Suppositories of Morphia. 

R. Sulphate of morphia, six grains. 

Oil of theobroma, three hundred 

and fifty-four grains. 

Make into twelve suppositories. U. S. Ph. 



MORPHINE TARTRAS. 

Tartrate of Morphia. 
R. Morphia, at will. 

Saturate with 

Solution of tartaric acid, 

sufficient. 

Evaporate and crystallize. A. T. Thomson. 



MOSCHUS 
Musk. 



This is a peculiar concrete substance ob- 
tained from the Mbschus moschiferus^ a small 
animal of the <i<-<t kind, inhabiting the 
mountainous regions of central Asia. The 



musk is secreted in the male, in an oval 
sac, situated near the generative organs. It 
is found in commerce in these sacs; it is 
concreted or granular ; of a brownish color ; 
soft and greasy to the touch ; of a powerful, 
penetrating odor, and of a bitter, unpleas- 
ant, somewhat acrid taste. From its high 
price it is very liable to adulteration. It 
is antispasmodic and stimulant, and was 
formerly much used in spasmodic diseases 
of all kinds, as well as a stimulant in low 
states of the system. The dose is from five 
to ten grains. 



Powder of Musk. 

R. Musk, three grains. 

Opium, half a grain. 

Gum Arabic, one scruple. 

Sugar, two drachms. 

Triturate together, and divide into six 
powders. One, every three hours, in hoop- 
ing-cough. Augustin. 

R. Musk, sixteen grains. 

Yalerian, twenty-four grains. 

Camphor, eight grains. 

Mix. As an antispasmodic, in hysteria, 

etc. ; in doses of three to twelve grains. 

Guibourt. 
This is called by Jourdain Tonquin 
powder, but this name belongs rather to 
the following : — 

R. Musk, sixteen grains. 

Cinnabar, twelve grains. 

Mix. For a single dose. Spielmann. 

Once celebrated as a remedy in hydro- 
phobia. 



Musk Bolus. 
R. Musk, five to ten grains. 

Camphor, five grains. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Make a bolus. Antispasmodic. Ellis. 

R. Musk, 

Carbonate of ammonium, 

each, ten grains. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Make a bolus. One, every three hours. 
In mortification, attended with spasmodic 
action. Ellis. 



Musk Pills. 

R. Musk, eight grains. 

Opium, two grains. 

Camphor, twenty-four grains. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and form six pills. To be taken 

during the day, in hospital gangrene!. 

Dupuytren. 



MUCITNA. 



403 



R. Musk, ten grains. 

Camphor, one scruple. 

Ammoniac, two scruples. 

Opium, four grains. 

Mix, and make pills of four grains. Four 
or five in the twenty-four hours, in nervous 
disorders. Richard. 

R. Musk, twelve grains. 

Castor, twenty-four grains. 

Assafetida, thirty grains. 

Tincture of valerian, sufficient. 
Make twenty-four pills. Four, three times 
a day, in nervous complaints. Radius. 



Musk Mixture. 



R. Musk, 



Sugar, 

Gum Arabic, each, 

Distilled water. 



two drachms. 

one drachm, 
six fl. ounces. 



Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or two, 
in low fevers. Ellis. 

R. Musk mixture, six fl. ounces. 

Paregoric elixir, half fl. ounce. 
Amnion, tincture of 

valerian, one fl. drachm. 

Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times 
a day, in pertussis in children. Ellis. 

R. Musk, two grains. 

Fennel water, six fl. ounces. 

Laudanum, ten drops. 

Syrup of poppies, two drachms. 
Mix. A spoonful, every hour, in trismus. 

Chesselden. 

R. Musk mixture, 
Camphor water, 

each, three fl. ounces and a half. 
Syrup of ginger, 
Spirit of sulphuric 

ether, each, two fl. drachms. 
Mix. A tablespoonful, every three or four 
hours, in low fevers. Ainslie. 



Musk Clyster. 

R. Musk, ten grains. 

Valerian, half an ounce. 

Starch, half a drachm. 

Boiling water, eight ounces. 

Mix. As an antispasmodic and excitant. 

Radius. 

R. Musk, twelve grains. 

Sugar, two scruples. 

Spirit of ammonia, thirty drops. 



Infusion of flaxseed, four 

fl. ounces. 
Mix. For children with convulsions. 

Ellis. 



Tincture of Musk. 

R. Musk, one part. 

Alcohol, of 80 per ct., ten parts. 

Digest for ten days, and filter. Dose, thirty 

to sixty drops. Paris Codex. 

R. Musk, one part. 

Water, 
Alcohol, sp. gr. .892, 

each, twenty-five parts. 

Triturate musk with the water, add the 
alcohol, macerate for a week, and filter. 

Ph. Germ. 



MUCUNA. 

COWHAGE. 

This is the bristles of the pods of Mucuna 
pruriens, a perennial, twining plant, native 
of the warmer parts of America, bearing 
curved brown pods, covered with short 
bristles, which, when dry, readily separate. 

Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. 

De Caudolle, Prod. ii. 405. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 242. 

The pod is shaped somewhat like the italic 
S, and is covered with brown, bristly hairs, 
which adhere to any substance coming in 
contact with them. The hairs or spicula 
are possessed of anthelmintic powers, but 
whether they act mechanically or not, has 
not been fully ascertained, though the prob- 
ability is that they do. 



Electuary of Cowhage. 

R. Cowhage, two scruples. 

Syrup, half an ounce. 

Mix. A teaspoonful every morning, fast- 
ing, for three days, to be followed by a dose 
of castor oil ; in cases of lumbrici. Correa. 



R. Cowhage, 
Honey, 



one drachm, 
sufficient 



to make electuary. To be given as above. 

Ellis. 



Ointment of Cowhage. 
R. Cowhage, seven and a half grains. 
Lard, one ounce. 

Mix thoroughly. 

This is used as a counter-irritant by rub- 
bing it on the skin for ten or twenty min- 
utes. Blatin. 



404: 



MYRCIA.— MYRISTICA. 



MYRCIA. 
Bay Myrtle. 

A genus of shrubs and trees, with oppo- 
site entire leaves, which are pellucid-punc- 
tate, and, like the fruit, usually highly aro- 
matic. The only officinal species is M. acris, 
a handsome tree of the West Indies. 

Nat. Syst. Myrtacese. 

The highly fragrant leaves yield on dis- 
tillation with water, a volatile oil, known 
in this country as oil of bay, which resem- 
bles oil of allspice in odor, taste, and proba- 
bly also in medicinal properties. 



Spirit of Myrcia. 
(Bay Rum.) 

R. Bay myrtle leaves, two pounds. 

Allspice, half a pound. 

Cinnamon, two ounces. 

Cloves, one ounce and a half. 

Rum, eighteen pints. 

Distil twelve pints. Said to be the gen- 
uine bay rum of some West Indian islands. 

R. Oil of bay, ten fl. drachms. 

Oil of allspice, one fl. drachm. 
Acetic ether, two fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, three gallons. 

Water, two gallons and a half. 

Mix, and filter after a fortnight. A good 
imitation. Wilder. 

Used as a stimulating application to the 
skin and hair. 



MYRISTICA. 

Nutmeg. 

The nutmeg is the kernel of the fruit of 
Myristica jragrans (or M. moschata), a me- 
dium-sized tree, a native of the Molucca 
Islands, and now cultivated in various trop- 
ical regions. 

Sex. Syst. Dicec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. 
Myristicaceae. 

Thunberg, Act, Holm. 1782. Griffith, Med. 
Bot, 109. 

The nutmeg is an oval, oblong nut-like 
seed, of a lightish-brown color externally, 
and of a reddish-gray with red veins, inter- 
nally ; of an agreeable, fragrant odor, warm, 
aromatic taste, and unctuous feel. It is prin- 
cipally used for culinary purposes, but is also 
employed in medicine as a stimulant, and 
to disguise the taste of nauseous remedies. 



Volatile Oil of Nutmeg. 
R. Grated nutmeg, at will. 

Water, sufficient. 

Distil, and separate the oil. This is the 
oleum myriattcoe of Brit. Ph. and U. 8. Ph. 
Dose, one or two drops. 



Expressed Oil of Nutmeg. 

This is prepared by beating nutmegs to 
a paste, which is to be inclosed in a bag and 
then exposed to the vapor of water, and 
afterwards expressing the oil with heated 
plates. Brit. Ph. 

It is the oleum myristicce of Ph. Germ. 
and is ordinarily called oil of mace. 

It is a fat oil mixed with a volatile oil, 
of a firm consistence and fragrant odor. 



Nervine Balsam. 

R. Expressed oil nutmeg, four ounces. 

Beef marrow, four ounces. 

Melt together, and add 

Oil of rosemary, two drachms. 
" cloves, one drachm. 

Camphor, one drachm. 

Balsam of tolu, two drachms. 
Dissolved in 

Rectified spirit, four drachms. 
As a liniment in rheumatism, etc. 

Redwood. 



Cerate of Nutmeg. 
R. Yellow wax, one part. 

Olive oil, two parts. 

Expressed oil of nutmeg, six parts. 

Melt and mix. This is the Balsamum 
nucistce, much used in .Europe in stimu- 
lating ointments and liniments. Ph. Germ. 



Aromatic Plaster. 

R. Yellow wax, thirty-two parts. 

Suet, twenty-four parts. 

Turpentine, eight parts. 

Melt together ; when nearly cold, add 

Expressed oil of nutmeg, six parts. 

Powdered olibanum, sixteen parts. 
" benzoin, eight parts. 

Oil of peppermint, 
" cloves, each, one part. 

Mix intimately. Ph. Germ. 



Aromatic Powder. 

R. Cinnamon, 

Ginger, each, two troyounces. 
Cardamom seed, 

Nutmeg, each, one troyounce. 
All in powder, No. 60; mix thoroughly. 

U. S. Ph. 
Stimulant and carminative. Dose, ten 
to thirty grains. 



MTEEHA 



405 



Goelis's Antihectic Powder. 
R. Burnt hartshorn, } each 

Powdered nutmeg, V- ' t 
Roasted laurel berries, ) l 

Liquorice, three parts. 

Mix, and make a powder. Advised in the 
hectic attendant on scrofulous affections, in 
doses of ten grains. Augustin. 



Stimulating Clyster. 
B. Powdered nutmeg, one drachm. 
" columbo, 
" salep, 
Infusion of flaxseed, 



Mix. 



one drachm. 

one scruple. 

four 

fl. ounces. 

As a stimulating enema. Amnion. 



Essence of Nutmeg. 
B. Volatile oil of nutmeg, 



Alcohol, 
Mix, with agitation. 



one 
fl. ounce, 
nine fl. ounces. 

Dose, twenty drops. 
Dub. Ph. 



R 



Spirit of Nutmeg. 
Volatile oil of nutmeg, 



one fl. 

ounce. 

Stronger alcohol, three pints. 

Dissolve. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, half to one fl. drachm ; principally 

used to flavor other medicines. 



Compound Spirit of Nutmeg. 



R 



two ounces. 



each, one ounce. 



Nutmeg, 

Lemon-peel, 

Orange-peel, 

Spearmint, 

Balm, 

Diluted alcohol, four pints. 

Water, twelve pints. 

Distil three pints. Van Mons. 

As a stomachic, and an external applica- 
tion to contusions. 



MYRRHA. 

Myrrh. 

Myrrh is the gum resin of Balsamodendron 
Ehrenbergianum, and probably also of B. 
myrrha, small shrubby trees,' with spiny 
branches, natives of Arabia, etc. 

Sex. Syst. Octand. monog. Nat. S'yst. 
Amyridacese. 

Nees, Offic. Pfianz. liv. 17. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 171. 

Myrrh occurs in tears, or in agglutinated 



masses, of various shades of color ; the best 
is of a reddish-yellow color, somewhat 
translucent, having a peculiar, aromatic 
odor, and a warm, bitter taste. It is a 
stimulating tonic. It is given in a variety 
of diseases, and is used externally as an 
application to foul ulcers, aphthae, etc. 
The dose is from ten to thirty grains, usually 
in combination. 



Powder of Myrrh and Ipecacuanha. 
B. Powdered mj^rrh, twelve grains. 
" ipecacuanha, six grains. 



nitre, half a drachm. 



Mix, and divide into four powders. One 
every fourth hour. Stimulating expecto- 
rant. Paris. 



R 



Emmenagogue Powder. 
Myrrh, twelve grains. 

Saffron, three grains. 

Oil of cloves, one drop. 

Rub into powder. Augustin. 



Pills of Myrrh and Zinc. 



B. Sulphate of zinc, 
Powdered myrrh, 

Conserve of roses, 
Mix, and form twenty pills. 
day. In pertussis. 



ten grains. 

one drachm 

and a half. 

sufficient. 

Two, twice a 
Paris. 



Pills of Myrrh and Sulphate of Iron. 

B. Myrrh, 

Sulphate* of iron, each, two 

scruples. 
Carbonate of potassium, 
Soap, each, half a drachm. 

Eub into mass, and form forty pills. Two 

thrice a day. In amenorrhcea. Ellis. 



B 



Pills of Myrrh and Squill. 

Myrrh, one drachm and a half. 

Dried squill, half a drachm. 

Extract of henbane, two scruples. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Rub into mass, and form thirty pills. Two 
night and morning. In catarrh and 
phthisis. Paris. 



Pills of Myrrh and Canada Balsam. 

B. Myrrh, three drachms. 

Canada balsam, one drachm 

and a half. 

Opiumi half a drachm. 

Mix, and make pills of two grains. Two 
to four, every hour, in ulcerated phthisis. 

Augustin. 



406 



MTRKHA, 



Alkaline Solution of Myrrh. 
R. Myrrh, two ounces. 

Carbonate of sodium, one drachm. 
Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 

Macerate for two days, and filter. 

Swediaur. 



Extract of Myrrh. 
R. Myrrh, bruised, one part. 

Distilled water, two parts. 

Macerate for two days, filter, evaporate to 
dryness, and powder. Dose, five to fifteen 
grains. Ph. Germ. 



Compound Extract of Myrrh. 
R. Myrrh, two ounces. 

Gum Arabic, two drachms. 

Triturate together ; add sufficient water to 
make a thick emulsion, and mix well with 

Extract of couchgrass, 

four ounces. 
Advised in phthisis, and ulcers of the 
uterus. Dose, one to three drachms, mixed 
with water, two or three times a day. 

Swediaur. 



Myrrh Collutory. 

R. Lime water, 

one fl. ounce and a half. 
Tincture of myrrh, 

two fl. drachms. 

Honey of roses, two drachms. 

Mix. Ph. Chirurg. 

R. Tincture of myrrh, 

two fl. drachms. 

Infusion of sage, six fl. ounces. 

Honey of roses, two ounces. 

Mix. Augustin. 

Myrrh Gargle. 
R. Tincture of myrrh, 

Vinegar, each, two fl. ounces. 
Honey, one ounce. 

Infusion of contrayerva, 

one pint and a half. 

Mix. In putrid sore throat, scarlatina, etc. 

Fothergill. 

R. Honey of roses, 

one ounce and a half. 
Barley water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Tincture of myrrh, 

six fl. drachms. 
Vinegar, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. As a gargle in putrid sore throat. 

Ainslie. 



Stimulating Injection. 
R. Myrrh, one ounce. 

Quicklime, two ounces. 

Water, two pints. 

Infuse for a few days, and decant. As an 
injection in fistulous ulcers. St. Marie. 



Tincture of Myrrh. 

R. Myrrh, in powder, 

No. 40, three troyounces. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by slow displacement two pints. 

U. S. Ph. 

The tincture of Brit. Ph. is of nearly the 

same strength. Paris Codex and Ph. 

Germ, prepare it from one part of myrrh, 

and five parts of alcohol. 



Tincture of Myrrh and Hellebore. 
R. Tincture of myrrh, one fl. ounce. 
" black hellebore, 

half a fl. ounce. 
Tincture of Spanish 

flies, two fl. drachms. 

Mix. As an emmenagogue, in doses of 
thirty drops, three times a day, in a little 
sugar and water. Ellis. 



Griffith's Myrrh Mixture. 
R. Myrrh, 

Sugar, each, one drachm. 

Carbonate of potassium, 

twenty-five grains. 
Eub together, and add, gradually, 
Rose water, 

seven and a half fl. ounces. 
Spirit of lavender, half a fl. ounce. 
Then add 

Crystallized sulphate of iron, 
rubbed to powder, one scruple. 
Mix. As a tonic in phthisis, in tablespoon- 
ful doses, according to circumstances. 

See also page 282. 



Compound Mixture of Myrrh. 
R. Powdered myrrh, one drachm. 
Carbonate of potassium, 

half a drachm. 
Sulphate of iron, twelve grains. 
Mucilage gum Arabic, 

two fl. drachms. 
Decoction of liquorice, 

six and a half fl. ounces. 
Spirit of allspice, one fl. ounce 



KAPHTHALINA. — NARCOTINA. 



407 



Rub the myrrh, potassa, sulphate of iron, 
and mucilage, well together ; add gradually 
the other ingredients. Dose, a tablespoon- 
ful twice or thrice a day. Babington. 

Nearly the same as Griffith's mixture, 
and used in the same cases. 



B 



Oil of Myrrh. 

Myrrh, two parts. 

Washed sand, three parts. 

Distil, separate the oil that passes, and 
rectify it. Wirt. Ph. 



R. 



Myrrh Plaster. 
Balsam of Peru, ~) each, 
Camphor, y one ounce 

Powdered myrrh, ) and a half. 



Lead plaster, thirty-two ounces. 

Triturate the first three ingredients to- 
gether, and when intimately mixed, add 
the melted plaster, and stir until chilled ; 
then form into rolls of half a pound each. 



Dentifrice of Tincture of Myrrh and 
Boras. 



R. 



Myrrh, 
Borax, each, 
Rhatany, 
Water, 
Syrup, each, 
Cologne water, 
Spirit of roses, 



three parts. 
one part. 

nine parts, 
forty-eight parts, 
one-quarter part. 



Digest for ten days, and filter. Dorvault. 



N. 



NAPHTHALINA. 
Naphthalin 

Is a product of the distillation of coal tar, 
and is deposited from the rectified oil of 
coal tar, in white, shining, concrete crystals, 
and may be purified by dissolving in alcohol 
and recrystallizing. It is an active expecto- 
rant in doses of eight to thirty grains. 



Syrup of Naphthalin. 
R. Naphthalin, fifteen grains. 

Dissolve in smallest quantity of hot alco- 
hol, and triturate with 

Syrup, two troyounces. 

Dose, a tablespoonful every two hours. 

Dupasquier. 



Ointment of Naphthalin. 

R. Naphthalin, half to one drachm. 

Lard, five drachms. 

Mix. As an application in dry tetter, 

lepra, psoriasis, etc. Boissiere. 



R 



Lozenges of Naphthalin. 

Naphthalin, five scruples. 

Sugar, twenty ounces. 

Oil of anise, 

Mucilage of tragacanth, 

each, sufficient. 

Mix, and form lozenges of fifteen grains. 
Expectorant. One occasionally, to the 
amount of twenty a day. Dupasquier. 



NARCOTINA. 

Narcotia 

Is a crystallizable, white, tasteless, inodor- 
ous principle, existing in opium. It forms 
bitter salts with the stronger acids. It has 
been used with success as an antiperiodic, 
in doses of three grains, three times a day. 

It may be obtained by treating opium, or 
the extract of opium, with ether, or by the 
following process : — 

R. Residue of opium, exhausted 

by water, at will. 

Dry it, powder it coarsely, add cold acetic 
acid, express, and filter ; add an excess of 
ammonia, wash the precipitate with cold 
water, dissolve in boiling alcohol, decolorize 
by means of animal charcoal, let cool, and 
crystallize. Pereira. 



Bolus of Narcotina. 
R. Narcotina, one scruple. 

Oil of almonds, six drops. 

Crumb of bread, 

Honey, each, sufficient. 

Mix, and make eight boluses. One, three 
times a day, in the apyrexia of intermittents. 

Brera* 



R 



Mixture of Narcotina. 

Narcotina, one drachm. 

Lemon syrup, one fl. ounce. 

Lemon water, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. Dose, a dessertspoonful. Brera. 



408 



NAECOTINJ] MURIAS. NUX VOMICA. 



NARCOTIM MURIAS. 
Muriate of Narcotina. 
R. Opium, two pounds. 

Alcohol, twenty pounds. 

Bub together, gradually adding the spirit, 
till the opium is exhausted, decant, and 
press residue ; to solution add ammonia, till 
turbid. Distil off three-fourths of alcohol, 
and let the product cool ; wash the deposit 
with water, and then with a drachm of mu- 
riatic acid mixed with a quart of water. 
Filter the solution, and evaporate to dry- 
ness. Dose, about the same as of narcotina. 
O'Shaughnessy. 
[See Dunglison's New Remedies, 6th edit. 
p. 536.] 



NUX VOMICA. 

Nux Vomica 

Is the seed of the Strychnos nux vomica, a 
moderate-sized tree, a native of many parts 
of the East Indies, having a very bitter 
wood. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lo- 
ganiaceai. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 271. Griffith, Med. Bot. 469. 

The seeds are flat, peltate, with narrow 
annular strise, somewhat downy on the sur- 
face ; they are of a horny consistence, in- 
odorous, and of a bitter, acrid, somewhat 
nauseous taste. Nux vomica is a violent 
excitant of the cerebro-spinal system, and 
iu large doses an active poison. In small 
doses, frequently repeated, it is tonic, diu- 
retic, and even laxative. It owes its ener- 
getic properties to the presence of strychnia 
and brucia. It is principally used in paral- 
ysis, in doses of about five grains, three or 
four times a day. 



Powder of Nux Vomica. 

R. Powdered nux vomica, 

three grains. 

Gum Arabic, 

Sugar, each, twelve grains. 

Mix. Advised in chronic dysentery. One, 
every day. Soubeiran. 

R. Powdered nux vomica, 

eighteen grains-, 
ipecacuanha, 

twenty-four grains. 

" rhubarb, one drachm. 

Prepared chalk, two scruples. 

Oil of peppermint, two drops. 

Mix. To be divided into twelve powders. 

( )nc every three or lour liours„in cardialgia, 

etc. Vogt, 



Extract of Nux Vomica. 
R. Nux vomica, in powder, 

No. 60, twelve troyounccs. 



Exhaust by percolation with alcohol, distil, 
and evaporate to the proper consistence. 

U. S. Ph. 

R. Nux vomica, one pound. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Expose the nux vomica to steam, till soft- 
ened, slice, dry, and reduce it to powder. 
Exhaust this by boiling with alcohol. Dis- 
til off the alcohol, and evaporate to a pro- 
per consistence. Brit. Ph. 
Dose, half a grain to a grain. 



Aqueous Extract of Nux Vomica. 

R. Nux vomica, in coarse 

powder, one part. 

Digest first with four parts, next with 
three parts of water, pouring it upon the 
powder boiling hot ; express, strain, and 
evaporate to dryness. Dose, one to three 
grains. Ph. Germ. 



Tincture of Nux Vomica. 

R. Nux vomica, in powder, 

No. 60, eight troyounces. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Digest the powder with a pint of alcohol 

for twenty-lour hours, then carefully dis^ 

place two pints. U. &. Ph. 

Dose, five to fifteen drops. 

Paris Codex macerates with alcohol of 
.864, Ph. Germ, with alcohol of .892 sp. gr., 
both in proportion of five parts to one part 
of nux vomica. The tincture of Brit. Ph. 
is still weaker, two ounces of nux vomica 
being used to twenty fl. ounces of alcohol. 



Ethereal Tincture of Nux Vomica. 
R. Powdered nux vomica, 

two ounces. 

Spirit of nitrous ether, two pints. 

Digest ten days, and filter. Dose, half a fl. 

drachm, in seminal debility. Mettauer. 

R. Nux vomica, in coarse 

powder, one part. 

Spirit of ether, ten parts. 

Macerate for a week, express, and filter. 

Ph. Germ. 



Compound Tincture of Nux Vomica. 

R. Extract of nux vomica, 

twenty-four grains. 

Camphor, one drachm. 

Tincture of pellitory, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Dose, twenty drops, four times a 
day, in paralysis. Radius. 



OLEUM AHMALE EMPYREUM ATICTJM. 



409 



R. Tincture of mix vomica, 
" Spanish flies, 

each, one fl. drachm. 

Phosphoric ether, one fl. scruple. 

Mix. Thirty drops three or four times a 

day, in paralysis. Radius. 

Pills of Nuz Vomica. 
R. Powdered nux vomica, 

thirty grains. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix. and make ten pills ; one, twice or 

thrice a day, in paralysis, closely watching 

the effects. Ellis. 



Pills of Extract of Nux Vomica. 

R. Extract of nux vomica, 

one scruple, 
" liquorice, 

seven scruples. 
Mix, and make eighty pills. Two to four, 
two or three times a day, in paralysis. 

Radius. 



Compound Pills of Nux Vomica. 

R. Extract of nux vomica, six grs. 
Black oxide of iron, one drachm. 
Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Three a 
day, in atonic incontinence of urine. 

Mondiere. 

R. Extract of nux vomica, 

three grains. 

Nitrate of silver, four grains. 

Extract of hops, twenty -four grs. 
Make twelve pills. Dose, one thrice daily, 
in pyrosis, etc. Barlow. 



Pills of Nux Vomica and Aloes. 
R. Extract of nux vomica, ten grains. 

Pills of aloes and myrrh, 

four scruples. 
Mix well, and form thirty-six pills. One 
or two, night and morning. Copland. 



Pills of Nux Vomica and Colocynth. 

R. Compound extract of 

colocynth, two scruples. 

Extract of nux vomica, 

three grains. 
Powdered soap, twelve grains. 
Mix, and make twelve pills. Dose, one or 
two at bedtime, in habitual constipation. 

Copland. 



Mixture of Nux Vomica. 

R. Extract of nux vomica, ten grains. 
Elder water, six fl. ounces. 

Mucilage of gum Arabic, 
Syrup of mallow, 
. each, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. A spoonful every two hours, in chro- 
nic dysentery. Amnion. 



Lotion of Nux Vomica. 

R. Extract of nux vomica, 

eight grains. 
Alcohol, two fl. ounces. 

Stronger water of 
ammonia, half fl. ounce. 

Mix. As a stimulating lotion to paralyzed 
limbs. Radius. 



o, 



OLEUM ANIMALE EMPY- 
REUMATICUM. 

Dippel's Animal Oil. 

R. Oil of hartshorn, at will. 

Distil off one-fourth, by a slow heat, on a 
sand-bath, keeping it protected from the 
light. Van Mons. 

Antispasmodic, diaphoretic, and anodyne, 
in doses of five or ten drops ; poisonous in 
large doses. 



Liniment of Dippel's Oil. 
R. Dippel's oil, one drachm. 

Oil of almonds, six drachms. 

Turpentine soap, half an ounce. 
Mix. As an exciting liniment, also as an 
application to the abdomen, in cases of 
worms. Sundelin. 



Tincture of Dippel's Oil. 

R. Dippel's oil, one part. 

Ether, fifteen parts. 



410 



OLEUM CAJUPUTI. OLEUM MOEEHUJ1, 



Dissolve. Fifteen to thirty drops, as a 
stimulant and antispasmodic. Biral. 



R. 



Mixture of Dippel's Oil. 

Dippel's oil, one drachm. 

Hoffmann's anodyne, three 

drachms. 

four 



Dissolve. Twenty to thirty drop 
times a day, in chorea and tetanus. 

Radius 



OL.EUM CAJUPUTI. 

Oil or Cajeput. 

This is a fluid, transparent, green volatile 
oil, of an aromatic and pleasant odor, and 
a warm, pungent taste ; obtained from the 
Melaleuca cajuputi, a small tree, a native of 
the Molucca islands. 

Sex. Syst. Polyadelph. icosand. Nat. Syst. 
Myrtaceae. 

Maton, Lond. Pharm. 1800. Griflith, 
Med. Bot. 296. 

It is also furnished by other species. It 
is an active stimulant, when given inter- 
nally, in doses of a few drops, and acts as a 
rubefacient when applied to the skin. 



Rectified Oil of Cajeput. 
R. Oil of cajeput, one part. 

Water, six parts. 

Distil as long as the oil comes over color- 
less, and separate from the water. 

Ph. Germ. 



B 



Mixture of Oil of Cajeput. 

Oil of cajeput, half a drachm. 

Dippel's animal oil, one drachm. 
Mix. As a stimulant. Dose, five to fifteen 
drops. Augustin. 



Spirit of Cajeput. 
R. Oil of cajeput, one fl. ounce. 

Alcohol, forty-nine fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Dose, half to oue fl. drachm. 

Brit. Ph. 



R, 



Cajeput Liniment. 
Cajeput oil, 

Camphor, each, three drachms. 
Soft soap, two ounces. 



Alcohol, 



one pint. 



Mix. As an embrocation in chronic rheu- 
matism. Fuller. 



Water of ammonia, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. As iin embrocation. Chapman. 



R. Oil of cajeput, 



il of cajeput, ~\ 

" turpentine, v 
conite liniment, ) 



equal 
measures. 



OLEUM MORRHTLE. 
Cod-liver Oil. 

This, which is also called Oleum jecoris 
is procured from the livers of several 
kinds of fish, but principally from the Cod 
(Gadus morrhua), though that from the Ray- 
is said to be preferable. There are several 
varieties ; one, clear and limpid, the other 
dark-colored, and somewhat acrid, which is 
said by many writers to be the most power- 
ful. The pale oil has a faint fishy smell, 
and a bland taste. It has obtained much 
celebrity as an alterative, in strumous affec- 
tions ; in chronic gout, rheumatism, and 
cutaneous diseases, etc. The dose for an 
adult, is from half a tablespoonful to three 
tablespoonfuls, two or three times a day. 



R. 



Mixture of Cod-liver Oil. 

Cod-liver oil, one fl. ounce. 

Gum Arabic, 

Sugar, each, two drachms. 

Cinnamon, or mint 

four fl. ounces. 



water 



Mix. One or two tablespoonfuls, morning 
and evening. Ellis. 

R. Cod-liver oil, four fl. ounces. 

Solution of carbonate 

of potassium, half a 

fl. ounce. 

Syrup of orange-peel, half a 

fl. ounce. 

Peppermint water, seven fl. ounces. 

Mix. Dose, one and a half fl. ounces to 

three fl. ounces. Beasley. 

R. Cod-liver oil, one fl. ounce. 

Solution of carbonate 

of potassium, two 

fl. drachms. 

Syrup of orange-peel, one 

fl. ounce. 

Oil of calamus, three drops. 

Mix. Dose, one to two fl. drachms, night 

and morning, for rickets in children. 

Fehr. 

R. Cod-liver oil, } each one 

Syrup of orange-peel, V fl Q ^ QQ 

Anise water, ) 

Oil of calamus, three drops. 

Mix. Three spoonfuls a day, in rachitis 

and gouty swellings. Phoebus. 



OLEUM MOEEHCJ!, 



411 



R. Cod-liver oil, half a fl. ounce. 

Solution of potassa, forty drops. 

Peppermint water, half a fl. ounce. 
Mix for a draught. This should be fol- 
lowed by a teaspoonful of lemon-juice to 
liberate the oil on the stomach. Percival. 



Cod-liver Oil and Lacto -phosphate of 
Calcium. 

R. Cod-liver oil, eight fl. ounces. 

Gum Arabic, two troyounces and 
two drachms. 

Water, two fl. ounces. 

Syrup of lacto-phosphate 
of calcium, six fl. ounces. 

Oil of bitter almonds, six drops. 
Rub the gum, water, and syrup together, 
add the oil gradually, and lastly the oil of 
bitter almonds. E. Chiles. 

R. Cod-liver oil, one pint. 

Oil of bitter almonds, K achen 

peppermint, t d ; 
" wmtergreen, ) r 

Powdered gum 

Arabic, four troyounces. 

Powdered sugar, six troyounces. 
Solution of lacto-phosphate 
of calcium (containing one 
drachm in the fl. ounce), 
Lime water, each, six fl. ounces 
and a half. 
Mix gum, sugar, lime water, and three fl. 
ounces of the solution to a smooth muci- 
lage, add the mixed oils gradually, make 
emulsion, and triturate with remainder of 
solution. Shinn. 



Cod-liver Oil and Ether. 
R. Cod-liver oil, three fl. ounces. 

Ether, two to four fl. drachms. 

Mix. A dessertspoonful twice or three 
times a day. The ether masks the un- 
pleasant taste of the oil, and places it in a 
state of fine division. Foster. 



Syrup of Cod-liver Oil. 

R. Cod-liver oil, eight parts. 

Powdered gum Arabic, five parts. 

Simple syrup, four parts. 

Make an emulsion, and add 

Sugar, twenty-four parts. 

Dissolve by gentle heat, and add 

Orange-flower water, two parts. 

Duclou. 



Pills of Cod-liver Oil. 
R. Cod-liver oil, five drachms. 

Water, ten grains. 

Caustic soda, forty grains. 

Heat together, and with powdered traga- 
canth form mass, to be divided into one 
hundred pills, each of which contains three 
grains of the oil. Deschamps. 



Liniment of Cod-liver Oil. 

R. Cod-liver oil, one fl. ounce. 

Water of ammonia, half a fl. ounce. 
Mix. Brack. 

Cod-liver oil, four fl. drachms. 

Lead water, two fl. drachms. 

Yolk of egg, three drachms. 

Mix. As an application to ulcers, etc. 

Brefeld. 



Ointment of Cod-liver Oil. 

R. Cod-liver oil, three fl. ounces. 

Sparmaceti, six drachms. 

White wax, two drachms. 

Melt together, and stir till cold. Beasley. 

R. Caustic soda, one ounce. 

Water, two fl. ounces and a half. 
Dissolve, and add 

Cod-liver oil, eight fl. ounces. 

Agitate briskly. Deschamps. 

R. Cod-liver oil, ten parts. 

Lead water, five parts. 

Lard, ten parts. 

Mix. Brefeld. 



Compound Ointment of Cod-liver 
Oil. 

R. Cod-liver oil, one fl. drachm. 

Red oxide of mercury, four grains. 

Simple cerate, two scruples. 

Mix. Cunier. 

R. Cod-liver oil, three drachms. 

Extract of wood soot, two 

drachms. 

Citrine ointment, one drachm. 

Beef marrow, six ounces. 

Mix. Garron. 

In opacities of the cornea, and scrofulous 

ophthalmia. 



Compound Oil of Cod Liver. 

R. Cod-liver oil, one fl. drachm. 

Walnut oil, two fl. drachms. 



412 



OLEUM OLIViE. — OLEUM RICISTI. 

Olive oil, 



Mix. A drop or two to be introduced be- 
tween the eyelids in opacities of the 
cornea. Radius. 



OLEUM OLIY^E. 

Olive Oil. 

The oil of the fruit of Olea Europoza, a 
small tree, originally from Syria, but now 
extensively cultivated in the countries bor- 
dering on the Mediterranean. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ole- 
acese. t 

Linn. Sp. PI. 11. Griffith, Med. Bot. 442. 

Good olive oil is an unctuous fluid, of a 
pale yellow or greenish color ; almost in- 
odorous, and of a bland taste. It is princi- 
pally used as an article of food, but is also 
emplo3 r ed in medicine as a demulcent, 
emollient, and laxative, and in the com- 
position of liniments, ointments, etc. The 
dose, as a laxative, is about a fl. ounce. 



Olive Oil Mixture. 

R. Syrup of gum, four fl. ounces. 

Olive oil, half fl. ounce. 

Mix. As a laxative. Radius. 

R. Olive oil, eight fl. ounces. 

Aromatic spirit of 

ammonia, two fl. drachms. 

Mix. Three tablespoon fuls night and 
morning, as an anthelmintic. Ellis. 

R. Olive oil, one fl. ounce. 

Solution carbonate of 

potassium, half fl. drachm. 

Mint water, seven fl. ounces. 

Mix. Guy's Hosp. 

R. Olive oil, one fl. ounce. 

Liquid carbonate of 

one fl. drachm, 
seven fl. ounces. 
Mix. Guy's Hosp. 



ammonium, 
Mint water, 



Olive Oil Clyster. 

R. Common salt, one tablespoon ful. 
Olive oil, 
Molasses, 

each, two tablespoon fuls. 



Warm water, 



Mix. 
R 



one pmt. 
U. S. Ms. 



Mm una, one ounce. 

Compound decoction of 
chamomile, ten fl. ounces. 

Dissolve, and add 



one fl. ounce. 
Sulphate of magnesium, 

half an ounce. 
Mix. Dub. Ph. 1826. 



OLEUM RICINI. 

Castor Oil. 

The oil of the seeds of Ricinus communis, 
a perennial tree in tropical countries, but an 
annual herbaceous plant in temperate lati- 
tudes. The seeds are ovate, compressed, 
bean-like, of a grayish-ash-color, marbled 
with reddish-brown, not unlike the dog-tick 
in appearance. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. monad. Nat. Syst. 
Euphorbiacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1430. Griffith, Med. Bot. 599. 

The oil, which is generally obtained by 
expression, is a thick, viscous, colorless 
fluid, with a faint but unpleasant odor, 
and a mild but nauseous taste, followed by 
a slight sensation of acridity. It is a mild 
but prompt cathartic, acting rather as an 
evacuant than as an excitant of the alvine 
secretions. The dose is about a fl. ounce ; 
for infants, from one to four fl. drachms. 
Its disgusting taste is best disguised by 
mixing it with froth of porter. 



Oleaginous Mixture. 

R. Castor oil, one ounce. 

Gum Arabic, seven scruples. 

Mint water, half an ounce. 

Water, two ounces. 

Syrup, one ounce. 

Make an emulsion. Paris Codex. 

In some cases, as in dysentery, it is of 

benefit to add thirty or forty drops of 

laudanum to the mixture. 

R. Castor oil, 

Mucilage of gum Arabic, 

Syrup of orgeat, 

each, two ounces. 

Water, ten fl. ounces. 

Make an emulsion. Dose, as last. B&ral. 



\i 



one ounce, 
one. 



Castor oil, 
Yolk of egg, 
Orange-flower water, 
Simple syrup, each, half an ounce. 
Water, two ounces. 

Make an emulsion. Cottereau. 

R. Castor oil, eleven drachms. 

Powdered tragacanth, half a 

drachm. 

White sugar, seventy-five grains. 



oletjm teeebinthiuj:. 



413 



Water, two and a half fl. ounces. 

Syrup of orange 
flowers, six fl. drachms. 

Triturate the tragacanth with the sugar ; 
add the syrup, and rub well in a mortar 
until the mucilage begins to thicken, then 
add the oil, and continue rubbing till it is 
homogeneous, adding the water gradually 
during the process. Marine. 



Emulsion of Castor Oil Seed. 
R. Castor oil seed, half an ounce. 
Anise water, four fl. ounces. 

Sugar, two drachms. 

Deprive the seeds of their exterior coat, 
triturate them to a uniform pulp with a 
little water and the sugar, and finally add 
the remainder of the water gradually, and 
strain through a coarse cloth. The seeds 
are more acrimonious than the oil, where- 
fore it is better to commence this prepara- 
tion in small doses. Dose, a teaspoonful, to 
be gradually increased to a tablespoonful. 
W. Procter, Jr. 



Anthelmintic Emulsion. 
R. Castor oil, 

Mucilage of gum Arabic, 

each, one ounce. 

Syrup of Corsica moss,} each, 
Water of santonica, V two fl. 
" chamomile, ) ounces. 

Emulsion of sweet 

almonds, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix, and mate an emulsion. As an anthel- 
mintic. Dose, a fl. ounce. Beral. 



Castor Oil Clyster. 
R. Castor oil, one ounce and a half. 
Yolk of eggs, two. 

Infusion of chamomile, 

six fl. ounces. 
Mix. Radius. 



Mixture of Castor Oil and Ether. 

R. Castor oil, one ounce. 

Ether, two drachms. 

Mix. A spoonful every two hours, advised 

as an anthelmintic, in cases of tapeworm. 

Radius. 



Bandoline. 
R. Castor oil, 
Spermaceti, 
Arnotta, 
Oil of bergamot, 
Otto of roses, 



two ounces. 

one drachm. 

half a drachm. 

one drachm. 

five drops. 



Mix, melt by a moderate heat, and strain. 
To stiffen and keep hair in form. Redwood. 



OLEUM TEREBINTHIM. 
Oil of Turpentine. 

This is usually known as Spirits of Tur- 
pentine, and is the volatile oil obtained from 
the turpentine afforded by several species 
of Pinus. It is limpid, colorless, of a strong, 
penetrating, peculiar odor, and of a warm, 
pungent, somewhat bitterish taste. It is 
stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, and ca- 
thartic, and externally, rubefacient. 



Rectified Oil of Turpentine. 

R. Oil of turpentine, one part. 

Water, six parts. 

Distil as long as the oil comes over color- 
less, and separate it from the water. 

Ph. Germ. 
For internal use. 



Purified Oil of Turpentine. 

R. Oil of turpentine, eight parts. 
Alcohol, one part. 

Agitate together, and pour off the spirit, 
and repeat the process several times. 

Nimmo. 



Lotion for Chilblains. 

R. Oil of turpentine, four parts. 

Sulphuric acid, one part. 

Olive oil, ten to twenty parts. 
Mix. To be applied to the affected part, 
night and morning. Gassicourt. 



Confection of Turpentine. 

R. Oil of turpentine, one fl. ounce. 
Powdered liquorice 

root, one ounce. 

Clarified honey, two ounces. 

Rub oil with the powder, afterwards with 

the honey, and mix thoroughly. Dose, one 

to two drachms. Used like the next. 

Brit. Ph. 



Oil of Turpentine and Honey. 

R. Oil of turpentine, two fl. drachms. 
Honey, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. A teaspoonful night and morning, in 
warm tea. In sciatica. Ellis. 



414 



OLEUM TEEEBOTHINJl, 



Lotion for Toothache. 
R. Oil of turpentine, one fl. drachm 

and a half. 
Oil of cloves, 
Oil of cajeput, 

each, half a fl. drachm. 

Balsam of Peru, two drachms. 
Opium, two scruples. 

To be well rubbed together. As an appli- 
cation to the face, in cases of toothache. 

Beasley. 



Odontalgic Solution. 
R. Camphor, one part. 

Oil of turpentine, four parts. 

Dissolve. Apply to the decayed tooth. 

Chapman. 



Turpentine Emulsion. 
R. Oil of turpentine, 



Water, each, 



one fl. ounce. 



Powdered gum Arabic, one scruple. 

Pour the oil into a vial, agitate with the 
powder, and afterwards with the water 
gradually added. J. W. Forbes. 



Vermifuge Emulsion. 

R. Oil of turpentine, six fl. drachms. 

Gum Arabic, two drachms. 

Chamomile water, six fl. ounces. 

Sulphuric ether, two fl. drachms. 

Mix. Two spoonfuls night and morning, 
in cases of tapeworm. Radius. 



Oil of Turpentine Mixture. 
R. Oil of turpentine, one hundred 
and twenty drops. 
Powdered gum Arabic, 
" sugar, 

each, two drachms. 
Laudanum, sixty drops* 

Compound spirit 

of lavender, two fl. drachms. 

Mint water, five fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, in 

low forms of fever, etc. Ellis. 

R. Oil of turpentine, one fl. ounce. 
Powdered gum Arabic, 
" sugar, 

each, two drachms. 
Mint water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours till 

it operates. An active purgative. Frank. 



R . il of t u rpentine, three fl. drachms. 
Yolks of eggs, two. 

Syrup of mint, two fl. ounces. 

" orange flowers, 

Ether, each, one fl. ounce. 

Tincture of cinnamon, half a 

fl. drachm. 

Mix. A spoonful three times a day, in 

neuralgia and rheumatism. Foy. 

R. Oil of turpentine, one fl. ounce. 
Yolk of egg, one. 

Triturate together, and add, gradually, 
Emulsion of 

almonds, four fl. ounces. 

Syrup of orange, two fl. ounces. 
Compound spirit of 

lavender, four fl. drachms. 

Oil of cinnamon, four drops. 

One fl. ounce three times a day, advised as 
a purge in iritis. Carmichael. 

R. Honey, ] 

Oil of turpentine, I each, two 

Ammoniated tincture [ drachms. 

of guaiacum, 
Oil of cloves, 
" lemon, each, three drops. 
Mix. A teaspoonful twice or three times 
a day, in sciatica and lumbago. Copland. 



Ointment of Turpentine. 

R. Oil of turpentine, one fl. ounce. 

Resin, in coarse 

powder, sixty grains. 

Yellow wax, 

Prepared lard, each, half an ounce. 
Melt by a steam or water-bath, and stir 
constantly while cooling. Brit. Ph. 



Turpentine Clyster. 
R. Oil of turpentine, one fl. ounce 

and a half. 
Yolk of egg^ one. 

Tepid infusion of flaxseed, 

one pint. 
Mix. Ellis. 

R. Oil of turpentine, one fl. ounce. 

Mucilage of starch, fifteen 

fl. ounces. 

Mix. Brit. Ph. 



Turpentine and Ether. 

R. Oil of turpentine, 

Ether, equal parts. 



OLEUM TIGLII 



415 



Mix. Dose, twenty to for^y drops, in honey 
or syrup, in biliary calculi, and as an ex- 
ternal application in rheumatism. 

Cottereau. 



R 



Turpentine Liniment. 
Oleo-infusion of chamomile, 
Oil of turpentine, equal parts. 
Mix. Paris Codex. 



R. Oil of turpentine, 

" olives, each, two fl. ounces. 

Tincture of camphor, one fl. ounce. 

Water of ammonia, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. As an external rubefacient. Ellis. 



R. Soft soap, 
Camphor, 
Oil of turpentine, 



two ounces, 
one ounce, 
sixteen 
fl. ounces. 
Mix. A powerful rubefacient. Brit. Ph. 

R. Oil of turpentine, half a pint. 
Resin cerate, twelve troyounces. 
Melt the cerate and add the turpentine. 

U.S. Ph. 

This is known as Kentish's ointment, 
and is much used as an application to burns 
and scalds. 



Acetic Turpentine Liniment. 

R. Oil of turpentine, > , 

Acetic acid, ( each, one 

Liniment of camphor, ) n * ounce * 

Mix. Brit. Ph. 

R. Oil of turpentine, three fl. ounces. 

Acetic acid, five fl. drachms. 

Rose water, two and a half 

fl. ounces. 

Essence of lemon, four fl. scruples. 

Yolk of egg, one. 

Mix. As an external embrocation and 
liniment to phthisis. Stokes. 



Opiated Turpentine Liniment. 
R. Oil of turpentine, one fl. ounce. 



chamomile. 



Laudanum. 



two fl. ounces, 
one fl. drachm. 



Mix. As a lotion in neuralgia. Recamier. 



Starkey's Soap. 
R. Dry carbonate of 
potassium, 
Oil of turpentine, 
Turpentine, 



equal parts. 



Mix the potassa with the oil, then add the 
turpentine, and triturate till the mixture 
is of the consistence of honey. Used in 
dropsy and in gonorrhoea. Dose, eight to 
ten grains. Guibourt. 



Diuretic Wine. 

R. Oil of turpentine, two fl. drachms. 

Lemon juice, one fl. ounce. 

Wine, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. For a single dose. Pierquin. 



OLEUM TIGLII. 

Croton Oil. 

This oil is procured, for the most part, 
from the seed, of the Croton tiglium, but 
also from those of two or three other spe- 
cies. They ai-e all natives of India, and 
the adjoining parts of Asia. The C. tiglium 
is a moderate-sized shrub, bearing a some- 
what triangular nut, containing three ovoid 
seeds, of a reddish-brown color, having an 
oleaginous kernel, w r hich affords, on pres- 
sure, the oil in question. 

Sex. Syst. Monoec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. 
Euphorbiacere. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1426. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
597. 

The oil, when pure and fresh, is nearly 
colorless, or yellowish ; but when kept for 
some time becomes of a reddish-brown or 
orange color. It has a faint but peculiar 
smell, and an acrid and hot taste. It is a 
powerful hydragogue purgative, and has 
been much used in dropsy, apoplexy, and 
visceral obstructions ; when applied exter- 
nally it causes irritation and inflammation 
of the skin, followed by a. pustular erup- 
tion ; and has been successfully employed 
in rheumatism, neuralgia, and bronchial 
and pulmonary affections. Dose for an 
adult, one to two drops. 



R 



Bolus of Croton Oil. 

Croton oil, one drop. 

Powdered gum Arabic, half 

a drachm. 

Syrup of orange flowers, sufficient. 

Mix, and make four boluses. Two to four 
to be taken in the morning. Foy. 



Pills of Croton Oil. 

R. Croton oil, six drops. 

Soap, half a drachm. 

Oil of caraway, eight drops. 

Powdered liquorice root, sufficient. 
Mix, and make twelve pills. Dose, one or 
more. Reece. 



R. Croton oil 



six drops. 



Pills of aloes and 

myrrh, one drachm and a half. 



416 



OLEUM TIGLII, 



Soap, one scruple. 

Powdered liquorice root, sufficient. 
Mix, and make thirty pills. Dose, two to 
three, or more. Copland. 



R. Croton oil, 

Crumb of bread, 
Mix, and make four pills, 
until they operate. 

R. Croton oil, 

Soap, 

Gam Arabic, 
Mix, and make four pills. 



one drop. 

sufficient. 

One, every hour, 

Ellis. 

two drops. 

two grains. 

sufficient. 

Foy. 



Compound Croton Oil Pills. 
R. Powdered scammony, 

" aloes, each, sixty-four 

parts. 

Croton oil, three parts. 

Alcohol, four parts. 

Dissolve the oil in the alcohol ; add the 

solution, gradually, to a mixture of the 

powders, and beat into a mass. Divide 

into pills of five grains. One to three for 

children of fourteen years of age ; three to 

five for adults. Beral. 



Pills of Croton Oil and Quinia. 
R. Croton oil soap, three grains. 

Sulphate of quinia, one drachm. 

Extract of dandelion, sufficient. 
Mix, and make twenty pills. One for a 
dose. Caventou. 



Pills of Croton Oil and Blue Mass. 
R. Croton oil soap, three grains. 

Extract of henbane, 
Blue mass, each, 

twenty -four grains. 
Oil of pimento, twelve minims. 
Mix, and make twelve pills. Two at bed- 
time. Neligan. 



R 



Lozenges of Croton Oil. 
Vanilla chocolate, two drachms. 
Sugar, one drachm. 

Starch, one scruple. 

Croton oil, five drops. 

Mix, and make thirty lozenges. 

Soubeiran. 



Soap of Croton Oil. 

R. Croton oil, two parts. 

Solution of caustic soda, one part. 



Mix ; put into paper moulds ; in a few days 
slice, and keep in well-stopped bottles. 
Dose, one to three grains, in pills. Foy. 



Tincture of Croton Oil. 

R. Croton oil, sixteen drops. 



Alcohol, 



one ounce. 



Macerate for six or eight days, and filter. 
Dose, fifteen to twenty-five drops. 

Soubeiran. 

R. Croton oil, four drops. 

Tincture of myrrh, one fl. ounce. 

Mix, digest, and filter. Dose, one to two 

fl. drachms. Bateman. 



R. Croton oil, 

Alcohol, 
Mix, digest, and filter, 
fl. drachm. 



eight drops. 

one fl. ounce. 

Dose, half to one 

Nirnmo. 



Emulsion of Croton Oil. 

R. Croton oil, three drops. 

Almond oil, half a fl. ounce. 

Powdered gum 

Arabic, two drachms. 

Triturate well, and gradually add 

Syrup of orange flowers, 

one fl. ounce. 

Chamomile water, five fl. ounces. 
A tablespoonful every two hours, till it 
operates. Phoebus. 



R. Croton oil, 
Yolk of egg^ 
Orange-flower water, 
Mint water, each, 

Make an emulsion. 



one drop, 
two drachms. 

one ounce. 

Foy. 



Mixture of Croton Oil. 

R. Croton oil, one or two drops. 

Mucilage of gum Arabic, 

Distilled water, each, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, until 

it operates. Ellis. 

R. Croton oil, two drops. 

White sugar, two drachms. 

Gum Arabic, half a drachm. 

Tincture of cardamom, 

half a fl. drachm. 

Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. Dose, two dessertspoonfuls every 
three or four hours. As it is agreeable to 
the taste, it is suited to children, but in 
smaller doses. Be'ral. 



OPIUM. 



417 



R. Tincture of croton oil, 

twentj'-five drops. 
Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, one drachm. 

Water, one ounce. 

Mix. In the morning, fasting. Foy. 



Saponaceous Solution of Croton Oil. 
R. Croton oil, eight drops. 

Potassa, six grains. 

Distilled water, two fl. drachms. 
Mix. From three to six drops may be 
given for a dose. Ellis. 



Liniment of Croton Oil. 
B. Croton oil, one fl. ounce. 

Oil of cajeput, 
Rectified spirit, each, 

three and a half fl. ounces. 
Mix. Brit Ph. 



R. Croton oil, 
Olive oil, 



Mix. 



one part. 

five parts. 

Pereira. 



B. Croton oil, one fl. drachm. 

Oil of turpentine, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. Corrigan. 

B. Croton oil, four drops. 

Carbonate of sodium, ten grains. 

Spirit of mint, half an ounce. 
In friction, in rheumatism. Foy. 

B. Croton oil, 

Solution of potassa, 

each, half fl. drachm. 

Rose water, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. To be used twice a day till pustules 
appear. J. Allen. 



Embrocation of Croton Oil. 
B. Croton oil, twenty minims. 

Tartar emetic, one scruple. 

Solution of potassa, 

one fl. drachm. 

Water, eight fl. drachms. 

Mix. To keep up a mild eruption on the 

skin. Morris. 



Ointment of Croton Oil. 

R. Croton oil, fifteen minims. 

Lard, half an ounce. 

Mix. Niemeyer. 



Cerate of Croton Oil. 

R. Lard, two and a half parts. 

Wax, half a part. 

Mix together, and when nearly cold, mix 
with them 

Croton oil, one part. 

Caventou. 
R. Soap cerate, four parts. 

Melt, and when semifluid, add 

Croton oil, one part. 

Beasley. 



Plaster of Croton Oil. 

R. Lead plaster, four parts. 

Melt, and when nearly cold, add 

Croton oil, one part. 

Spread on linen, for an adhesive and irri- 
tating plaster. Boucliardat. 

R. Lead plaster, eighty parts. 

Melt, and when nearly cold, add 

Croton oil, twenty parts. 

To be spread as above. A very active 
counter-irritant. Bouchardat. 



Ointment of Croton Oil. 

R. Croton oil, ten minims. 

Lard, half an ounce. 

Mix. Ainslie. 



OPIUM 



Opium. 

Opium is the inspissated juice obtained 
from the unripe capsules of the Papaver som- 
niferum by incision and spontaneous evapo- 
ration ; it presents many varieties, as the 
Turkey or Smyrna, the East Indian or Ben- 
gal, the Persian, etc. ; of which the first is 
the best, and affords the largest proportion 
of morphia. 

Opium contains various peculiar princi- 
ples, several of which are officinal, and are 
treated of under their respective titles. 
Turkey opium is in flattened, rounded 
masses, of half a pound to two pounds in 
weight, covered externally with the seed- 
vessels of some species of dock. The tex- 
ture is soft ; the color is pale brown ; the 
odor is strong and narcotic, and the taste 
bitter and acrid. When completely dried 
at 212°, it should contain ten per cent, of 
morphia. 

Opium is stimulant, in small and repeated 
doses, narcotic in large ; and also antispas- 
modic, diaphoretic, sedative, and anodyne. 
It is used to fulfil a variety of indications ; 
to procure sleep, to lull pain, to check mor- 
bid discharges, to alleviate cough, etc. The 
medium dose is one grain, but in spasm, etc., 
it is given in much larger doses. 



418 



OPIUM. 



Extract of Opium. 
(Aqueous.) 

Opium, twelve troyounces. 

Water, five pints. 

Cut the opium into small fragments, ma- 
cerate it for twenty-four hours in a pint of 
water, triturate to a soft mass, and express ; 
add another pint of water to the residuum, 
macerate for twenty-four hours, and again 
express ; repeat this process till all the 
water has been used. Filter the several 
infusions, unite them, and evaporate on a 
water-bath to due consistence. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, half to one grain. 



Liquid Extract of Opium. 
R. Extract of opium, one ounce. 

Distilled water, sixteen fl. ounces. 

Rectified spirit, four fl. ounces. 
Dissolve the extract in the water by ma- 
ceration, add the spirit, and filter. Dose, 
ten to thirty minims. Brit. Ph. 



Extract of Opium. 
(Aqueo-Alcoholic.) 
R. Opium, one part. 

Alcohol, four parts. 

Cut the opium in small pieces, and digest 
it in the alcohol for two days, at a gentle 
heat ; express, and treat the residue with 
four parts of warm water ; express, unite 
the solutions, and evaporate to due con- 
sistence. Taddei. 



Extract of Opium. 
(Acetous.) 

R. Opium, one ounce. 

Distilled vinegar, two pints. 

Cut the opium into small pieces, digest in 
the vinegar for two days, on a sand-bath, 
stirring from time to time, decant, filter, 
and evaporate to due consistence. 

Soubeiran. 



Extract of Opium. 
(Alcoholic.) 
R. Opium, at will. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Reduce the opium to small pieces, digest 
in the alcohol in a closed vessel, by a gen- 
tle heat, often stirring, filter, and distil off 
the alcohol, till the residue is of due con- 
nee. Antwerp Ph. 



Extract of Opium. 
(Vinous.) 
R. Opium, one part. 

White wine, four parts. 



Reduce the opium to small pieces, macerate 
it in the wine for twenty-four hours, occa- 
sionally stirring ; express. Macerate the 
residue in two more parts of wine, and ex- 
press ; unite the solutions, and evaporate 
to proper consistence. Paris Codex. 



Extract of Opium. 
(Denarcotized.) 

R. Aqueous extract of 

opium, at will. 

Rub it with a little water, put it in a flask, 
add sulphuric ether, agitate, and decant; 
repeat the process with other portions of 
ether, as long as anything is taken up, and 
evaporate the residuum to a pilular con- 
sistence. Robiquet. 

R. Aqueous extract of 

opium, four parts. 

Resin, one part. 

Beat together, and add 

Boiling water, sixteen parts. 

Boil till reduced one-half, add as much cold 
water as has been boiled away, filter, and 
evaporate. Lirnosin. — Lamothe. 



Extract of Opium. 
(By Fermentation.) 

R. Opium, one part. 

Water, eight parts. 

Mix, and add 

Yeast, sufficient. 

Let ferment for a week, at a temperature 
of 68° to 70° ; then dilute with water, filter, 
boil till all vinous odor is dissipated, and 
evaporate to proper consistence. Deyeux. 



Extract of Opium. (Roasted.) 
R. Powdered opium, one part. 

Heat it on a flat dish, over a moderate fire, 
constantly stirring, as long as fumes are 
given off- Treat it twice with six times 
its weight of cold water, filter, and evapo- 
rate. Guibourt. 
The last three forms of extract, whilst 
containing the full proportion of morphia, 
are deprived of the irritating and virose 
principles of opium. 

Deodorized Tincture of Opium. 
(Elixir of Opium.) 
R. Opium, dried, and in powder, 

No. 50, two troyounces 

and a half. 
Ether, 

Alcohol, each, half a pint. 

Water, sufficient. 



OPIUM. 



419 



Macerate the opium in half a pint of water 
for twenty-four hours, and express ; mace- 
rate the dregs twice, successively, in eight 
fl. ounces of water; mix, and strain the 
liquors ; evaporate to four fl. ouuces, and 
agitate several times with the ether. Sepa- 
rate the ether, evaporate the liquid until 
the ether has been completely expelled ; 
mix with twenty fl. ounces of water, filter, 
add sufficient water to make the filtrate 
measure a pint and a half, and add the 
alcohol. U. S. Ph. 

About the same strength as laudanum. 
Dose, twenty-five drops. 



Compound Powder of Opium and 
Chalk. 

R. Powdered opium, six grains. 

" cinnamon, one drachm. 

" long pepper, 

eight grains. 
Prepared chalk, 

one drachm and a half. 

Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, 
three or four times a day. In diarrhoea. 

Ellis. 



Powder of Roasted Opium. 
R. Powdered opium, at will. 

Put it in a flat dish ; moisten it with white 
wine, expose to a moderate heat, coustantly 
stirring till it is perfectly dry ; repeat the 
operation till the opium is one-half reduced, 
moisten with vinegar, and rub into paste ; 
dry, and pulverize. As an astringent in 
hemorrhages and mucous discharges, in 
doses of one or two grains, with some bitter 
extract. Giordano. 



Compound Powder of Opium. 
R. Powdered opium, 

one ounce and a half. 

pepper, two ounces. 

" ginger, five ounces. 

caraway, six ounces. 

" tragacanth, 

half an ounce. 
Mix thoroughly, and pass through a fine 
sieve. Dose, one to five grains. 

Brit. Ph. 



Powder of Opium, Camphor, etc. 
R. Powdered opium, ten grains. 

" camphor, two scruples. 

Carbonate of ammonium, 

four scruples. 



Starch. 



fifteen grains. 



Mix, and make eight powders. One, every 
hour or two, as an antispasmodic. 

Swediaur. 



Powder of Opium and Nitre. 

R. Powdered opium, four grains. 
" nitre, 
Sugar of milk, each, one drachm 
and a half. 
Mix, and make six powders. As an anti- 
spasmodic. Phoebus. 

Powder of Opium and Sulphur. 
R. Powdered opium, 

" camphor, each, two 

grains. 
" sulphur, 

u sugar, each, half a 

drachm. 

Mix, and make four powders. One, every 

three hours, in lead colic. Hildebrand. 



Powder of Opium and Musk. 

R. Powdered opium, two grains. 

Musk, five grains,, 

Magnesia, four grains. 

Sugar of milk, ten grains. 

Mix. To be taken every two to four hours, 

in delirium tremens. Vogt. 



Powder of Opium and Antimony. 
R. Dover's powder, 

James's powder, each, four grains. 

Mix. To be taken every four hours, in 
obstinate rheumatic pains. Brera. 



Pills of Opium. 

R. Powdered opium, twenty-four 

grains. 

Soap, six grains. 

Beat into a mass with water, and divide 

into twenty-four pills. U. S. Ph. 

Pills of Opium, Henbane, and 
Hemlock. 

R. Powdered opium, four grains. 
Extract of henbane, 
" hemlock, 

each, fifteen grains. 

Mix, and divide into ten pills. One at 
night, when an anodyne is required. Ellis. 



Pills of Opium and Sulphuret of 
Antimony. 

R. Extract of opium, ten grains. 
Precip. sulphuret of 

antimony, twelve grains. 



420 



OPIUM. 



[Nitrate of potassium, 



twenty- 

four grains. 

S}<rup, sufficient. 

Mix, and make six pills. One at bedtime, 

to cause perspiration, and to ease pain in 

rheumatism. Recamier. 



Pills of Opium and Foxglove. 
R. Powdered opium, 

" foxglove, each, 

six grains. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and make twelve pills. One, every 

four hours, in asthma, etc. Ellis. 



each, one 
drachm. 



Aromatic Pills of Opium. 
R. Extract of opium, 
Saffron, 
Powdered cinnamon, > 

" nutmeg, 

" cardamom, J 
Syrup of orange flowers, sufficient. 
Mix, and make pills of three grains. 
Known as Oriental Pills, and considered 
to be aphrodisiac. One to three, at bed- 
time. Cadet. 



Pills of Opium and Camphor. 
R. Extract of opium, three grains. 

Camphor, six grains. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and make six pills. One to three a 
day, as an anodyne and antispasmodic. 

Fay. 



Pills of Opium and Butter of Cacao. 
R. Butter of cacao, 

Powdered gum Arabic, 

each, forty-eight grains. 

Extract of opium, twelve grains. 

Syrup of ipecacuanha, sufficient. 
Mix, and make pills of five grains. One in 
the evening, as an anodyne and expecto- 
rant. Petit. 



Mix, and make four pills. Two a day, in 
painful mucous discharges from the urethra 
or vagina. Foy. 



Pills of Opium and Musk. 
R. Extract of opium, twelve grains. 
" valerian, 

Musk, each, twenty-four grains. 

Mix, and make sixteen pills. One, then 
two, then three a day, in hysteria. Foy. 



Pills of Opium and Sulphate of Zinc. 
U. Extract of opium, one grain. 

Sulphate of zinc, four grinns. 



Pills of Opium, Hemlock, and 
Calomel. 

R. Extract of opium, 

eighteen grains. 

" hemlock, one drachm. 

Calomel, thirty-six grains. 

Syrup of mallow, sufficient. 

Mix, and make thirty-six pills. Two to 

six a day, as an alterative and sedative, in 

organic affections. Foy. 

R. Opium, four grains. 

Calomel, six grains. 

Tartar emetic, one grain. 

Extract of hemlock, one scruple. 
Mix, and make eight pills ; two to be 
taken at bedtime, in rheumatic pains. 

Brande. 



Syrup of gum, 



sufficient, 



Pills of Opium and Acetate of Lead. 

R. Acetate of lead, thirty-six grains. 
Powdered opium, six grains. 

Confection of roses, six grains. 

Mix well. Dose, three to five grains. 

Brit. Ph. 

R. Extract of opium, one grain. 

Acetate of lead, four grains. 

Powdered henbane, eight grains. 

Mix, and make eight pills. One, morning 

and evening, in epilepsy. Recamier. 

R. Acetate of lead, 

twenty-four grains. 

Powdered opium, three grains. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and make twelve pills. One every 
three hours, in hemorrhages, dysentery, and 
cholera. Chapman. 

Pills of Opium and Acetate of 
Mercury. 

R. Extract of opium, 

Acetate of mercury, 

Camphor, each, twelve grains. 

Syrup of poppies, sufficient. 

Mix, and make thirty pills. One, morning 
and evening, in syphilis. Carmichael. 



Pills of Opium, Nitrate of Silver, etc. 
R. Extract of opium, 

sevent3 r -two grains. 
Nitrate of silver, six grains. 



OPIUM. 



421 



Musk, forty-eight grains. 

Camphor, ninety-six grains. 

Mix, and make ninety-six pills. One> 
morning and evening, gradually increasing 
the dose, in epilepsy, paralysis, etc. Foy. 



Pills of Opium, Castor, etc. 

R, Opium, half a grain. 

Castor, six and a half grains. 

Powdered digitalis, one grain. 
Syrup, sufficient. 

Make two pills. One to be taken twice or 
thrice a day. In spasmodic asthma and 
dyspnoea. A. T. Thomson. 



Pills of Opium and Liquorice. 
R. Powdered opium, ten grains. 

Extract of liquorice, one drachm. 
Mix, and make eighty pills. One, occa- 
sionally, as an expectorant. Wirt. Ph. 



Confection of Opium. 

R. Powdered opium, two hundred 
and seventy grains. 
Aromatic powder, six troy ounces. 
Clarified honey, 

fourteen troj^ounces. 

Eub the opium with the aromatic powder, 
add the honey, and beat together till 
thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. 

R. Compound powder of opium, one 

hundred and ninety-two grains. 

Syrup, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. Brit. Ph. 

As a stimulant narcotic, in atonic gout, 

flatulent colic, etc. It contains one grain 

of opium in thirty-six grains of the mass. 

R. Powdered catechu, four ounces. 
" kino, three ounces. 

" nutmeg, 

" cinnamon, 

each, one ounce. 

Opium, dissolved in 

wine, one drachm and a half. 
Syrup of red roses, 

twenty-seven ounces. 
Mix. Each drachm contains rather less 
than half a grain of opium. Soubeiran. 



Anti-Odontalgic Mass. 
R. Opium, two grains. 

White wax, two drachms. 

Mastich, one drachm. 



Oil of almonds, three drachms. 
" cloves twelve drops. 

Cochineal, eight grains. 

Rub into a uniform mass. To fill carious 
teeth. Clarus. 

R. Opium, five grains. 

Oil of cloves, three drops. 

Extract of henbane, five grains. 
" belladonna, ten grains. 

Powdered pellitory, sufficient. 
Mix, and make a consistent mass. Used 
as above. Rust. 



Odontalgic Pills. 

R. Powdered opium, "1 each, 
" belladonna five 



root, 



grammes 



Powdered pellitory, (77 grs.). 
Yellow wax, 

seven grammes (108 grains). 
Expressed oil of almonds, 

two grammes (31 grains). 
Oil of cloves, 
" cajeput, each, fifteen drops. 
Triturate in a warm mortar to form a pill 
mass, and divide into four hundred and 
eighty pills, each weighing five centi- 
grammes (three-quarter grain) ; roll them 
in powdered cloves. Ph. Germ. 



Balsam for the Toothache. 

R. Opium, one scruple. 

Oil of turpentine, 

one drachm and a half. 
Oil of cloves, 

" cajeput, each, half a drachm. 

Balsam of Peru, two drachms. 

Mix. Beasley. 

R. Opium, 

Camphor, each, two scruples. 
Dissolve in a little alcohol, and add 

Oil of cloves, one drachm. 

" nutmeg, six drachms. 

Guaiacum, two drachms. 

Mix. Van Mons. 



Odontalgic Drops 
R. Wine of opium, 
Hoffmann's anody 
Oil of peppermint 

Mix. In frictions on the cheek, and ap- 
plied to carious teeth, on cotton. 

Dobberan. 



) 

odyne, V 
int, ) 



equal 
parts. 



422 



OPIUM 



Toothache Drops. 
R. Opium, 

Camphor, each, ten grains. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Oil of cloves, 

" cajeput, each, one drachm. 

Mix. Copland. 

Antidysenteric Opiate. 

R. Purified opium, four grains. 

Ipecacuanha, half a drachm. 

Tormentilla, one drachm. 

Syrup of whortleberries, 
Conserve of red roses, 
each, six drachms. 

Mix. Dose, one drachm, every hour. 

Ouarin. 



Plaster of Opium. 
R. Extract of opium, one troyounce. 

Burgundy pitch, three troy ounces. 

Lead plaster, twelve troyounces. 

Water, three fl. ounces. 

Mix extract with water, evaporate to a fl. 
ounce and a half, add to the pitch and 
plaster previously melted together, stir 
until moisture has evaporated, and cool. 

U. 8. Ph. 

R. Opium, in fine powder, one ounce. 
Resin plaster, nine ounces. 

Melt the plaster, gradually add the powder, 
and mix thoroughly. Brit. Ph. 

R. Elemi, eight parts. 

Common turpentine, fifteen parts. 



Yellow wax, 



five parts. 



Melt by a moderate heat, strain, and add 

Powdered olibanum, eight parts. 

" benzoin, four parts. 

" opium, two parts. 

Balsam of Peru, one part. 

Mix thoroughly. Ph. Germ. 

As an application in rheumatic and other 

pains. 



Plaster of Opium and Camphor. 
R. Powdered opium, ) , 

"""W drachm 



Laudanum, 
to make a plaster. 



soap, 






sufficient 

Ellis. 



R. Opium, 

Camphor, each, half a drachm. 

Lead plaster, sufficient. 

Melt and mix. For local pains. Parts. 



Plaster of Opium and Galbanum. 

R. Opium, one drachm. 

Simple plaster, two ounces. 

Galbanum, one ounce. 

Oil of caraway, two drachms. 

Melt the last three ingredients, and add 
the opium. As an application to the ab- 
domen, in flatulent colic, diarrhoea, and 
dysentery. Swediaur. 



Liniment of Opium. 

R. Tincture of opium, 
Liniment of soap, 

each, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. Brit. Ph. 

As an embrocation in rheumatic pains, 
sprains, etc. 



Opiate Liniment. 

R. Olive oil, two fl. ounces. 

Tincture of opium, two fl. drachms. 

Solution of subacetate 

of lead, half a fl. ounce. 

Mix. Ellis. 

R. Ether, five fl. drachms. 

Spirit of camphor, five fl. ounces. 



Laudanum. 



one fl. ounce. 



Mix. As an embrocation in flatulent colic. 

Ainslie. 

R. Tincture of opium, 

Simple ointment, each, one part. 
Camphorated oil, eight parts. 

Mix. As an embrocation in rheumatism, 
toothache, earache, etc. Paris Codex. 

R. Laudanum, ) each, three 

Hoffmann's anodyne, V fl _ dr ' aehms _ 
Glycerin, ) 

Extract of belladonna, twenty 

grains. 
Mix. Apply upon flannel, and cover with 
oiled silk, in neuralgic affections. Fuller. 



Liniment of Laudanum and Lime 
Water. 

R. Tincture of opium, 

two fl. drachms and a half. 
Lime wat3r, one fl. ounce. 

Oil of almonds, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. To be applied on lint, four times a 
day, on painful syphilitic pustules. 

Phoebus. 



OPIUM 



423 



Liniment of Opium and Oil of 
Chamomile. 

B. Opium, 

Oil of chamomile, each, half a 

drachm. 

M almonds, two drachms. 

Mix. As a friction around the eyes, in 

spasm of the eyelids. Wetter. 



Anti-Otitic Mixture. 
B. Opium, four grains. 

Saffron, 

Myrrh, 

Juice of mallow, 

Oil of almonds, 
Triturate well together, and strain. As an 
injection into the ear, in pain in that organ. 

Pierquin. 



ten grains. 

half a drachm. 

half an ounce. 

two ounces. 



Laudanum Ointment. 

B. Tincture of opium, one drachm. 

Spermaceti ointment, two ounces. 

Mix. As an application, morning and 

evening, to painful hemorrhoids. Brera. 



Anodyne Ointment. 



R. Syrup of opium, 
Lard, 

Essence of roses, 
Mix. For chapped lips. 



one ounce. 

three ounces. 

four drops. 

Pierquin. 



B. Extract of opium, • 

"Water, each, one part. 

Simple ointment, eighteen parts. 
Mix thoroughly. Ph. Germ. 

R. Opium, half a drachm. 

Extract of hemlock, one drachm. 

Basilicon ointment, half an ounce. 
Mix. As an application to gangrenous 
ulcers. Cams. 



B. Opium, 

Alum, 

Lard, 
Mix. In the 

atonic buboes. 



ten grains. 

fifteen grains. 

half an ounce. 

treatment of ulcerated, 

Simon. 



Ointment of Opium and Tar. 

B. Powdered opium, two drachms. 
Tar ointment, one ounce. 

Mix. As an application to hemorrhoids. 

Ellis. 



Cerate of Opium. 
B. Extract of opium, 

Distilled water, each, one part. 
Dissolve and add 

Galien's cerate, ninety-eight parts. 
Mix well. Paris Codex. 



B. Opium, 

Yolk of egg, 
Mix well, and add 

Simple cerate, 
Triturate well together. 



ten grains. 
one. 

one ounce. 

Lagneau. 



Syrup of Opium. 

R. Extract of opium, two parts. 

Water, eight parts. 

Syrup, nine hundred 

and ninet/y parts. 

Dissolve the opium in the water, filter, and 
add to the syrup. Paris Codex. 

The syrup of Ph. Germ, is of just one- 
half this strength. 



B 



Succinated Syrup of Opium. 
Syrup of opium, one ounce. 

Spirit of amber, two grains. 

Mix. Soubeiran. 



Anodyne Collyrium. 

B. Extract of opium, ten grains. 

Camphor, six grains. 

Boiling water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Rub the opium and camphor together, and 
add the water, and strain. Ellis. 

B. Extract of opium, four grains. 
Rose water, four troyounces. 

Dissolve, and strain. Paris Codex. 



R 



Collyrium of Wine of Opium. 

Decoction of flaxseed, four ounces. 
Saffron, one drachm. 

Wine of opium, one drachm. 

Macerate the saffron in the flaxseed decoc- 
tion, strain, and add the wine of opium. 

Foy. 

B . Acetate of copper, three grains. 
Dissolve in 

Rose water, eight fl. ounces, 

and add 

Wine of opium, one fl. drachm. 
In chronic ophthalmia. Foy. 



424 



OPIUM 



Opium Fomentation. 
R. Extract of opium, two drachms. 
Boiling water, one pint. 

Dissolve, and strain. As a fomentation in 
pruriginous affections. Radius. 



Fomentation of Wine of Opium. 

R. Opium, one ounce. 

Wine, two pints. 

Boil down to one pint. As an anodyne 

application, in gouty and rheumatic pains, 

Pierquin. 



etc 



Injection of Opium. 

R. Opium, twelve grains. 

Solution of subacetate 

of lead, twelve drops. 

Water, nine ounces. 

Mix. As an injection in gonorrhoea. 

Girtenner. 

R. Extract of opium, six grains. 

" belladonna, 

one drachm and a half. 
Decoction of wild 

lettuce, one pound. 

Dissolve. As an injection in neuralgia, 
and hemorrhage of the urethra and vagina. 

Toy. 
R. Extract of opium, 

one and a half grains. 
Distilled water, five fl. drachms. 
Dissolve. As an injection in coryza, and 
other inflammations of the nasal mucous 
membrane. Deschamps. 

He directs one nostril to be closed by 
the finger, and the liquid to be drawn .up 
into the other, etc. 



Clyster of Opium. 
R. Tincture of opium, 

half a fl. drachm. 

Mucilage of starch, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. Brit. Ph. 

R. Powdered opium, two grains. 

Mucilage of gum Arabic, 

half a fl. ounce. 

Tepid milk, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. Ellis. 

R. Flaxseed, one ounce. 

Boiling water, six ounces. 

Infuse for an hour, strain, and add 

Extract of opium, two grains. 
Dissolve. Spielmann. 



Clyster of Laudanum and Valerian. 

R. Tincture of opium, five to six drops. 

Infusion of valerian, three ounces. 

Mix. In spasms, in children. Swediaur. 



Suppositories of Opium. 

R. Extract of opium, twelve grains. 

Oil of theobroma, three 

hundred and forty-eight grains. 

Rub the extract of opium with a little 
water into a smooth paste, then mix inti- 
mately with sixty grains of cacao butter, 
incorporate with the remainder, and make 
twelve suppositories. U. S. Ph. 



Suppositories of Lead and Opium. 

R. Acetate of lead, in very 

fine powder, thirty-six grains. 

Extract of opium, six grains. 

Oil of theobroma, three hundred 

and twenty grains. 

Water, sufficient. 

Proceed as above, for making twelve sup- 
positories. U. S. Ph. 
The compound lead suppositories, Brit. 
Ph., contain three grains acetate of lead 
and one grain of powdered opium each. 



Linctus with Opium. 

R. Extract of opium, one grain. 

" Peruvian bark, 

* four grains. 

Camphor, six grains. 

Sugar, one drachm. 

White linctus, four ounces. 

Mix. 

violent. 



In bronchitis when the cough is 



Foy. 



Mixture of Opium and Lime Water. 

R. Extract of opium, one grain. 

Lime water, 

Oil of almonds, each, three 

fl. drachms. 

Mix. For the treatment of sore nipples, to 

be applied on dossils of lint. Sibergundi. 



"Water of Opium. 

R. Opium, in small pieces, one part. 
Water, ten parts. 

Macerate, and distil five parts. It is given 
to children in the dose of one drachm in 
syrup. Ph. Germ. 



OPIUM. 



425 



Muriate of Opium. 
R. Powdered opium, one ounce. 

Muriatic acid, one ounce. 

Distilled water, twenty ounces. 
Mix, and shake the mixture, frequently, 
tor fourteen days, strain, and filter. Dose, 
from twenty to forty drops. Said not to 
cause headache. Nichol. 



Vinegar of Opium. Black Drop. 
R. Opium, dried, in powder, 

No. 40, five troyounces. 

Nutmeg, in powder, 

No. 40, one troyounce. 

Sugar, eight troj-ounces. 

Diluted acetic acid, sufficient. 

Macerate powders in a pint of the acid for 
twenty-four hours, put into a glass perco- 
lator, return the liquid until it passes 
through clear, displace altogether twenty- 
six fl. ounces, in this dissolve the sugar, 
strain, and add sufficient diluted acetic 
acid to make two pints. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, about six minims or ten drops, 
which are nearly equivalent to one grain 
of opium. 

R. Opium, two ounces. 

Nutmegs, grated, three drachms. 

Saffron, one drachm. 

Distilled vinegar, one pound. 

Boil together for a quarter of an hour, then 
add an ounce of sugar, and half an ounce 
of yeast ; let this mixture ferment for six 
weeks, strain, and evaporate to four fl. 
ounces. (Sp. gr. 1.2.) One ounce is equi- 
valent to half an ounce of opium. Dose, 
one or two drops. Codex, Hamb. 1845. 



Lancaster Black Drop. 

R. Opium, half a pound. 

Verjuice, three pints. 

Bruised nutmeg, one ounce 

and a half. 

Saffron, half an ounce. 

Boil to a proper consistence; add two 
ounces of yeast, and let stand in a warm 
place for six or eight weeks, and then in 
the open air till of the consistence of syrup, 
then decant, filter, and bottle; adding a 
little sugar to each bottle. Dose, six to 
ten drops. Armstrong. 



Houlton's Black Drop. 
R. Opium, two ounces and a half. 
Diluted acetic acid, thirty-two 

ounces. 



Digest for six days with a gentle heat, filter, 
and evaporate to an extract; macerate in 

Rectified spirit, five fl. ounces, 
Distilled water, thirty-five ounces, 
for eight days, and filter. Beaaley. 

About the strength of laudanum. 



Guy's Hospital Black Drop. 
R. Powdered opium, eight ounces. 
Juice of crab apples, two pints.. 
Boil gently for half an hour, decant, and 
boil residue with one pint more of the juice, 
for a quarter of an hour ; express and 
strain ; mix the two liquors, and add 

Bruised nutmeg, one ounce. 

Saffron, half an ounce. 



Yeast, 



half a fl. ounce. 



Ferment for some days ; macerate for four- 
teen days ; filter, and evaporate by a water- 
bath to the consistence of thin syrup. Dose, 
two to ten minims. Beasley. 



Rousseau's Black Drop. 
R. Opium, four ounces. 

Honey, twelve ounces. 

Hot water, five pounds. 

Yeast, two drachms. 

Dissolve the opium and honey separately 
in the hot water, mix, and add the yeast ; 
keep at about 86° F. for a month ; express ; 
filter, distil off sixteen ounces, and evaporate 
residue to ten ounces ; add to it four and a 
half ounces of strong spirit ; mix, and fil- 
ter. Seven drops are equivalent_to one 
grain of opium. 



Porter's Black Drop. 

R. Opium, four ounces. 

Citric acid, two ounces. 

Beat together in a mortar, and add 

Boiling distilled water, one pint. 
Triturate well together, let stand for 
twenty-four hours, and filter. Dose, from 
six to twenty-four drops. Redwood. 



Acetated Tincture of Opium. 
R. Powdered opium, two troyounces. 
Distilled vinegar, twelve fl. ounces. 
Alcohol, half a pint. 

Bub the opium with the vinegar, then add 
the alcohol, macerate for seven days, express, 
and filter through paper. 

Dose, ten minims or twenty drops, which 
are equivalent to a grain of opium. 

U.S. Ph. 



426 



OPIUM 



Mixture -with Black Drop. 

B. Houlton's black drop, ten drops. 

Spirit of nitrous ether, half 

a drachm. 

Distilled water, one ounce. 

Mix. To be taken at once. Foy. 



Sedative Mixture. 
B. Opium, two grains. 

Distilled vinegar, half an ounce. 

Plantain water, six ounces. 

Syrup of white poppy, one ounce. 
Mix, and filter. In spoonful doses, in 
haemoptysis with spasms. Pierquin. 



Wine of Opium. 
B. Opium, in powder, 

No. 50, two troy ounces. 

Cinnamon, in powder, No. 50, 
Cloves, in powder, 

No. 50, each, sixty grains. 

Sherry wine, sufficient. 

Macerate powders with fifteen fl. ounces of 
wine for seven days, transfer to a conical 
percolator, and, with sherry wine, displace 
one pint. U. S. Ph. 

Eight minims are equivalent to one grain 
of opium. 

B. Extract of opium, one ounce. 

Cinnamon, bruised, 
Cloves, bruised, 

each, seventy-five grains. 

Sherry wine, twenty fl. ounces. 
Macerate for seven days, and filter. 

Brit. Ph. 
Twenty minims contain one grain of ex- 
tract of opium. 

R. Extract of opium, two ounces. 

Cinnamon water, ten ounces. 

Alcohol, two ounces. 

White wine, four ounces. 

Mix, and macerate for four days, and filter. 

Brugnatelli. 
About twice the strength of the preced- 
ing. Dose, ten to fifteen drops. 



Laudanum of Sydenham. 
B. Opium, two ounces. 

S.'ilIVon, one ounce. 

Bruised cinnamon, 

" cloves, each, one drachm. 
Sherry wine, one pint. 

[nfufle them together in a bath-heat for two 

or three days, till the tincture becomes of a 
due consistence, and after straining it off, 



set it by for use. Dose, sixteen or eighteen 
drops. Rush's Sydenham, p. 155. 



Tincture of Opium and Saffron. 

B. Powdered opium, sixteen parts. 
Saffron, six parts. 

Powdered cloves, 
" cinnamon, 
each, one part. 

Sherry wine, one hundred and 
fifty-two parts. 
Digest for a week, express, and filter. Ten 
grains represent one grain of opium. 

Ph. Germ. 



Mixture of Opium and Cinnamon 
Water. 

B. Powdered opium, ten grains. 

Sugar, one drachm. 

Cinnamon water, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, in 
tetanus and colica pictonum. Ellis. 



Mixture of Opium and Syrup of 
Poppies. 

B. Opium, two to three grains. 

Syrup of poppies, one ounce. 

Chamomile water, six ounces. 

Mix. A spoonful every half hour, in dys- 
entery. Swediaur. 



Mixture of "Wine of Opium. 

B. Wine of opium, ten drops. 

Cinnamon water, one ounce. 

Balm water, two ounces. 

Tincture of castor, twenty drops. 

Syrup of opium, half an ounce. 
Mix. In spoonful doses, in uterine colic. 

Augustin. 

B. Cascarilla, 

Columbo, each, two drachms. 

Boiling water, sufficient 

to obtain seven ounces of strained infusion. 
Add to this 

Wine of opium, 

Ether, each, twenty drops. 

To be taken by degrees, in chronic diar- 
rhoea. Br era. 



Tincture of Opium. Laudanum. 

B. Opium, dried, in powder, 

No. 50, two troyounces 

and a half. 
Water, 
Alcohol, each, half a pint. 



OPIUM. 



427 



Macerate opium in the water for three 
days, add the alcohol, and again macerate 
for ' three days ; introduce into a percola- 
tor, and, with diluted alcohol, displace two 
pints. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, thirteen minims, or twenty-five 
drops, equivalent to a grain of opium. The 
tincture of Brit. Ph. is of about the same 
strength. 

R. Powdered opium, four parts. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. .892, 

Distilled water, 

each, nineteen parts. 

Digest for a week, express, and filter. Ten 
grains are equivalent to one grain of 
opium. Ph. Germ. 



Tincture of Extract of Opium. 
R. Extract of opium, one part. 

Alcohol, of 60 pr. ct., twelve 

parts. 
Dissolve, and filter. Paris Codex. 



Battley's Sedative Drops. 
R. Hard extract of 



opium, 
Boiling distilled 
water. 



three ounces. 



thirty ounces. 



Dissolve, filter when cold, and add 

Rectified spirit, six ounces, 

and water sufficient to make up two pints. 

Cooley. 
Dose, twenty drops. 



Smith's Concentrated Laudanum. 
R. Denarcotized opium, four ounces. 
Dissolve in alcohol, filter, evaporate to con- 
sistence of an extract, redissolve in water, 
and evaporate the filtered solution to twelve 
ounces ; add 

Rectified spirit, twenty-two 

drachms. 

Distilled water, sufficient 

to make up sixteen ounces. Dose, three to 
five drops. Beasley. 



Compound Tincture of Opium. 
R. Extract of liquorice, 

Opium, each, half an ounce. 

Carbonate of potassium, one 

drachm. 

Water, three pints. 

Boil down to one pint, filter, and evaporate 
to twelve ounces ; then add 



Spirit of pimento, five fl. ounces. 
Powdered cochineal, half a drachm. 
Let rest for some time, and filter. 

Med.-Chirurg. Rev. 



Compound Tincture of Opium and 
Capsicum. 
(Diarrhoea Mixture.) 
R. Tincture of opium, 

" capsicum 

Spirit of camphor, 



each, one 
fl. ounce. 



Mix. 



Pure chloroform, three fl. drachms. 

Alcohol, sufficient for five 

fl. ounces. 

Dose, a fluidrachm, in water. 

Squibb. 



Ammoniated. Tincture of Opium. 
R. Opium, in coarse powder, one 
hundred grains. 
Saffron, cut small, 
Benzoic acid, each, one hundred 
and eighty grains. 
Oil of anise, one fl. drachm. 

Strong water of ammo- 
nia, four fl. ounces. 
Rectified spirit, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Macerate for seven days, express, filter, 
and add spirit to make twenty fl. ounces. 

Brit. Ph. 
Also called Scotch paregoric. Eighty 
minims should contain one grain of opium. 



Camphorated Tincture of Opium. 
Paregoric. 

R. Powdered opium, 

Benzoic acid, each, one drachm. 

Oil of anise, one fl. drachm. 

Clarified honey, two ounces. 

Camphor, two scruples. 

Diluted alcohol, two pints. 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

U. S. Ph. 

Half a fl. ounce contains rather less than 

a grain of opium. Dose, for an infant, five 

to twenty drops ; for an adult, one to two 

fl. drachms. 

This is the compound tincture of cam- 
phor of Brit. Ph., and the benzoated tinc- 
ture of opium of Ph. Germ. 



Bateman's Pectoral Drops. 

R. Diluted alcohol, four gallons. 

Rasped red saunders, two ounces. 

Digest for twenty-four hours, filter, and add 



428 



OPIUM 



Powdered opium, } each 

u catechu, >• , ' 

)f two ounces. 
Camphor, ) 

Oil of anise, four fl. drachms. 

Digest for ten days. About as strong as 
camphorated tincture of opium, or two 
grains of opium to the fl. ounce. 

Phil. Coll. Ph. 



Godfrey's Cordial. 

R. Tincture of opium, one pint 

and a half. 
Sugar-house molasses, 

sixteen pints. 
Alcohol, two pints. 

Water, twenty-six pints. 

Carbonate of potassium, two 

ounces and a half. 
Oil of sassafras, four fl. drachms. 
Dissolve the carbonate of potassium in the 
water ; add the molasses ; heat over a gen- 
tle fire, till they simmer ; remove the scum ; 
add the laudanum and oil of sassafras, pre- 
viously mixed together. Phil. Coll. Ph. 
Contains rather more than one grain of 
opium to the fl. ounce. 



Compound Pills of Soap. 
R. Powdered opium, sixty grains. 
Powdered soap, half a troyounce. 
Beat with water into a pilular mass. Dose, 
three to five grains. 

U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. 



Tincture of Opium and Soap. 

R. Opium, half an ounce. 

Soap, two ounces. 

Alcohol, sixteen ounces. 

Digest for three days on a water-bath, filter, 
and dissolve in the liquor, 

Camphor, six drachms. 

Oil of rosemary, one drachm. 

Principally used in frictions, in pains in the 
limbs, etc., but also given internally, in 
doses of thirty to fifty drops, in wine. 

Turin Ph. 



Succinated Tincture of Opium. 
R. Opium, forty grains. 

Camphor, 
Amber, each, half a drachm. 

Alcohol, six ounces. 

t Cor four days on a water-bath, and 

filter. As a friction in spasmodic attacks. 

Dumas. 



Swediaur's Tincture of Opium. 
R. Extract of opium, one drachm. 
Distilled water, four drachms. 
Alcohol, half a drachm. 

Dissolve, and filter. Five drops are equi- 
valent to a grain of opium. Swediaur. 



Warner's Tincture of Opium. 
R. Opium, 

Soap, each, six drachms. 

Nutmeg, one drflchm. 

Camphor, four drachms. 

Saffron, forty grains. 

Spirit of ammonia, nine ounces. 
Digest for ten days, agitating occasionally, 
then filter. Van lions. 



Lettsom's Elixir. 
R. Opium, ^ 

Benzoic acid, > each, two drachms. 

Saffron, ) 

Camphor, four scruples. 

Oil of anise, one drachm. 

Ipecacuanha, 

Balsam of tolu, 

each, half an ounce. 

Alcohol, two pounds. 

Macerate for ten days, and filter. Dose, 
five to twenty drops, in hooping-cough. 

Augustin. 



Opiate Linctus. 
R. Tincture of opium, 

two fl. drachms. 
Diluted sulphuric 

acid, two fl. drachms 

and a half. 

Molasses, eight fl. ounces. 

Water, three fl. ounces. 

Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, to quiet 

cough. Beasley. 



Anodyne Draught. 
R. Camphor water, nine drachms. 
Nitrate of potassium, six grains. 
Comp. spirit of ether, 

one drachm. 
Tincture of opiun\» 

ten to twelve minims. 

Syrup of poppies, two drachms. 

Mix. To be taken at bedtime. Copland. 

R. Tincture of opium, 



Water, 



twelve minims, 
one fl. ounce. 



OPOPONAX 



ORIGANUM, 



429 



Pimento water, three drachms. 

Syrup of poppies, one drachm. 

Mix. Beasley. 

B. Tincture of opium, 

fifteen to twenty-five drops. 
Syrup of poppies, 

two fl. drachms. 
Spirit of cinnamon, 

one fl. drachm. 
Distilled water, 

one fl. ounce and a half. 
Mix. Ellis. 



Mixture of Laudanum and Tartar 
Emetic. 
R. Laudanum, one fl. drachm. 

Tartar emetic, four grains. 

Camphor water, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix. In delirium tremens, and the ad- 
vanced stages of low fevers. Dose, half a 
fl. ounce to one fl. ounce. Graves. 



Opium Lozenges. 



R 



Extract of opium, 

seventy-two grains. 

Tincture of tolu, half a fl. ounce. 

Sugar, sixteen ounces. 

Gum Arabic, two ounces. 

Extract of liquorice, six ounces. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Mix thoroughly, and make 720 lozenges. 
Dose, one to six. Brit. Ph. 



Eclectic Dover's Powder. 

R. Powdered opium, half a drachm. 
" camphor, two drachms. 
" ipecacuanha, 

one drachm. 
Cream of tartar, one ounce. 

Mix thoroughly. Dose, ten grains. 

Am. Journ. Ph. 1854. 



OPOPONAX. 

Opoponax. 

A gum resin obtained from the Opoponax 
chironium, a tall, parsnip-like plant, a na- 
tive of the warm countries of Europe and 
the Levant. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. 
Apiacese. 

De Candolle, iv. 170. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
323. 

It occurs in tears and irregular lumps, or 



fragments, of a reddish-yellow color. Its 
odor is strong, peculiar, and unpleasant, and 
its taste bitter and acrid. It is seldom used 
in this country, but was formerly much es- 
teemed in a variety of diseases. The dose 
is from ten to thirty grains. 



R 



Tincture of Opoponax. 

Opoponax, one part. 

Alcohol, five parts. 

Macerate for some days, and filter. B6ral. 



Compound Tincture 
R. Round birth wort, 

Long birthwort, 

Orris root, 

Opoponax, 

Sagapenum, each, 

Guaiacum, 

Cloves, 

Camphor, 

Alcohol, 
Macerate for twenty-four 
As an application to foul 



of Opoponax. 

each, 

half an ounce. 

two drachms. 

four scruples. 

two drachms. 

three drachms. 

ten ounces. 

hours, and filter. 

venereal ulcers. 

Brera. 



Emulsion of Opoponax. 
R. Opoponax, 

Soap, each, one drachm. 

Yolk of egg^ two drachms. 

Syrup of wormwood, 

one ounce and a half. 

Fennel water, three fl. ounces. 

Make an emulsion. A teaspoonful every 

hour as a vermifuge. Bories. 



ORIGANUM. 

Marjoram. 

The article so designated in the U. S. 
Ph. is the herb of the Origanum vulgare, 
a native of Europe, but extensively natur- 
alized in the United States. By several 
European pharmacopoeias, the sweet mar- 
joram is likewise recognized ; this is the 
herb of 0. majorana. 

Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. 
Lamiacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 834. Griffith, Med. Bot. 511. 

The dried herb has an aromatic, agreeable 
odor, and a hot, pungent taste, depending 
on the presence of a volatile oil. It is some- 
what tonic and stimulating, and has been 
used in the form of infusion as a diaphoretic 
and emmenagogue. The oil is employed in 
stimulating liniments. 



R. 



Oil of Origanum. 

Marjoram, 
Water, 



at will, 
sufficient. 






430 



OETZA. — OVUM. 



Mix, distil, and separate the oil in the re- 
ceiver. 

Much of the imported oil is obtained from 
another plant (Thymus vulgaris), which is 
fraudulently substituted for the genuine. 
Dose, one to three drops. This enters into 
the composition of the opodeldoc, as form- 
erly officinal in the U. S. Ph. 



Oleo-infusion of Sweet Marjoram. 
R. Fresh sweet marjoram, one part. 
Olive oil, two parts. 

Bruise the herb and digest in the oil, until 
the water has evaporated ; express and 
filter. Paris Codex. 



ORYZA 

Rice. 

The seed or grain of Oryza sativa, an an- 
nual plant, said to be a native of Ethiopia, 
but now extensively cultivated in most 
warm countries. 

Sex. Syst. Hexand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Gra- 
minacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 475. Griffith, Med. Bot. 660. 

This grain as found in commerce is de- 
prived of its cuticle, is white, dry, hard, 
inodorous, and of a farinaceous taste. It is 
very nutritive, and, in the form of a decoc- 
tion, emollient. 



Rice Water. 
R. Rice, well washed, two ounces. 
Water, two quarts. 

Boil for an hour and a half, then add sugar 
and flavoring, as may be required. Ellis. 

R. Rice, five drachms. 

Water, sufficient 

to obtain a quart of decoction ; add 

Liquorice root, three drachms. 
Let stand for some time, and strain, adding 
sugar, etc., at will. Cottereau. 



K 



Rice Gruel. 

Ground rice, one ounce. 

Cinnamon, one drachm. 

Water, one quart. 

Boil for forty minutes, adding the aromatic 

near the close. Strain, and sweeten. 

Ellis. 



Mucilage of Rice. 
R. Rice, one ounce. 

Macerate it for three hours in 

Tepid water, one quart. 

Then boil slowly for an hour, and si rain. 

A. T. Thomson. 



Rice Jelly. 

R. Rice, sufficient. 

Macerate in as much water as will cover it, 
boil slowly, adding water as it evaporates, 
until the rice is reduced to a pap ; sweeten 
and flavor, and pass through a fine sieve. 
On cooling, it becomes a moderately-con- 
sistent jelly. A good diet in dyspepsia, etc. 



OVUM. 
Egg. 



Oil of Eggs. 

R . i Yolk of eggs, at will. 

Heat gently till the moisture is dissipated, 
introduce into a displacer, and exhaust by 
ether, distil the product in a water-bath, 
heat the residue, till the albuminous matter 
coagulates, then strain. Old Paris Codex. 
Was, at one time, much esteemed as an 
application to hemorrhoids, chaps, excoria- 
tions, etc., but it is now seldom employed. 



Emulsion of Eggs. 
R. Yolks of eggs, two. 

Powdered sugar, one ounce. 

Boiling water, fourteen ounces. 

Triturate the eggs and sugar in a marble 
mortar, gradually adding the water. 

B4ral. 



R 



Emollient Clyster of Eggs. 

Yolk of eggs, two. 

Decoction of bran, one pound. 
Mix. Pierquin. 



Restorative Clyster of Eggs. 
R. Yolk of egg, one. 

White wine, two fl. ounces. 

Beef tea, without salt, 

eight fl. ounces. 
Mix. Badius. 



Mixture with Eggs. 
R. Yolk of egg, one. 

Cream, six fl. ounces. 

Cinnamon barley-water, 

six fl. drachms. 

Sugar, one ounce. 

Mix. To be taken in teaspoonful doses, in 

the convalescence of children. Foy. 



R, 



Yolk of egg, 
Water, 



one. 



two pints. 



PANAX. PANCREATISTUM. 



431 



Make an emulsion, and add 

Common salt, half a drachm. 

Mix. In mesenteric atrophy of children. 

Huf eland. 



Egg and Brandy Mixture. 
R. Brandy, 

Cinnamon water, 

each, four fl. ounces. 

Yolks of eggs, two. 

Sugar, half an ounce. 

Mix well. Brit. Ph. 

As a stimulant in the sinking stage of 

fevers. 



Egg and Wine Mixture 

R. Yolks of eggs, 

Oil of cinnamon, 
Mix, and add 

Madeira wine, 

Cinnamon water, 
each, 

Distilled water, 

Sugar, 

Mix. Three or four tablespoonfuls for a 
dose. In convalescence from low fevers. 

Ellis. 



two. 
twenty drops. 



three fl. ounces. 

two fl. ounces. 

two drachms. 



R 



Glyconin. 

Yolk of egg, four parts. 

Glycerin, five parts. 

Mix well. As an application to sore 
nipples, excoriations, etc. Sichel. 



Liniment of Eggs. 

R. Yolk of egg, one. 

Flaxseed oil, two ounces. 

Mix well. As an application to burns. 

Radius. 



R. White of egg, 

Flaxseed oil, 
Mix well. As the last. 



one. 
three ounces. 

Mynsicht. 



R 



Cerate of Eggs. 
Yolk of egg, one part. 

Simple cerate, two parts. 

Mix well. Foy. 

R. Yolk of a hard-boiled egg, one. 



Yellow wax, 



half an ounce. 



Almond oil, one ounce and a half. 

Melt the wax and oil together, and add 
the egg, triturating them thoroughly to- 
gether. As an application to burns. 

Soubeiran. 



PANAX. 

Ginseng. 

This is the root of P. qidnquefolium, an 
herbaceous plant, indigenous to rich wood- 
lands of this country. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digynia. Nat. Syst. 
Araliaceae. 

The root is three to five inches long, 
spindle-shaped, usually forked, yellowish- 
gray externally, white internally, of a faint 
aromatic odor, and a sweetish mucilaginous 
taste. The root of P. Shinseng, a native of 
China, has the same properties, and is highly 
valued there for its supposed medicinal 
qualities. Both kinds are somewhat demul- 
cent, and perhaps slightly stimulant. 



PANCREATINUM. 

Pancreatin. 

It is obtained from the pancreas of re- 
cently-killed animals, by treating the color- 
less viscous juice with alcohol and drying 



the precipitate in vacuo. It is employed 
with the view of stimulating the digestion 
of fatty compounds, and is usually admin- 
istered in the form of emulsion, or dissolved 
in very weak alcohol, or as powder. 



Digestive Solution of Pancreatin. 
R. Pancreatin, 

Carbonate of potassium, 

each, ten grains. 

Balm water, twenty drachms. 

Syrup of orange- 
peel, five drachms. 
Dissolve and mix. Dose, one or two table- 
spoonfuls at mealtime. Vanden Corput 



R. 



Mix 



Powder of Pancreatin. 

Pancreatin, 
Bicarbonate of sodium, 

each, one part. 

ten parts. 

Vanden Corput. 



Vanilla sugar, 



432 



PAPAVER 



Nutritive Injection. 
R. Bullock's pancreas, one. 

Glycerin, eight troyounces. 

Rub the finely-minced pancreas with the gly- 
cerin ; mix one-third of this mixture with 
four to five ounces of finely-minced meat, 
and inject into the rectum. Said to be 
readily digested. Merkel. 



Glycerite of Pancreatin. 

R. Fresh pancreas, finely minced, 

Glycerin, each, one pound. 

Digest at 120° for twenty-four hours, drain, 
wash the residue twice with four ounces of 
water ; filter the washings, evaporate to 
onue-half, and mix with first portion. 

Merkel. 
This makes a perfect and agreeable emul- 
sion with fats. Cod-liver oil mixed with it 
in the proportion of one part to ten, be- 
comes palatable and easy of digestion. 



PAPAYER. 

Poppy Heads. 



The ripe capsules of Papaver somniferum. 
These capsules are of a more or less globular 
form, crowned by a radiated, persistent 
stigma ; of a ligbt-brown color, a papery and 
brittle texture, inodorous, but of a slightly 
bitter taste. They are analogous in pro- 
perties, but in an inferior degree, to opium. 
They contain numerous small white or 
blackish seeds, which are not used medici- 
nally, with the capsules. These seeds con- 
tain a considerable quantity of a bland fixed 
oil. 



Decoction of Poppy Heads. 
R. Poppy heads, bruised, two ounces. 
Water, thirty ounces. 

Boil for a quarter of an hour and strain ; 
it measures twenty fl. ounces. Brit. Ph. 
As a soothing and anodyne fomentation, 
in painful tumors and inflammations. 



Syrup of Poppies. 
R. Poppy capsules, bruised, and 

deprived of seeds, thirty-six oz. 

Sugar, four pounds. 

Boiling water, sufficient. 

Rectified spirit, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Infuse the capsules in four pints of the 
wilier for twenty-four hours; then exhaust 
by displacement, evaporate to three pints 
(iinper. mens.), cool, add the spirit, and, after 
twelve hours, filter; evaporate to two pints 
(imper.), and dissolve the sugar. The pro- 



duct weighs six pounds and a half, and has 
the specific gravity 1.320. Brit. Ph. 

Dose, one fl. drachm, as a sedative and 
hypnotic. 

R. Poppy heads, sixteen troyounces. 
Diluted alcohol, four pints. 

Sugar, thirty ounces. 

Deprive the heads of their seeds; bruise 
them thoroughly, macerate them in twice 
their weight of diluted alcohol for two days, 
express powerfully, add the remainder of 
the alcohol, and after twenty-four hours, 
again express. Evaporate the liquids to 
one pint, strain, and add the sugar, and 
dissolve by the aid of a gentle heat. 

W. Procter. 

R. Popp}^ heads, cut, 

St. John's bread, cut, 

each, three parts. 

Liquorice root, cut, two parts. 

Boiling water, fifty parts. 

Digest for two hours, express, evaporate to 
fifteen parts, filter, and add 

Sugar, twenty-five parts. 

Dissolve. Dose, a tablespoon ful. 

Ph. Germ. 



Substitute for Syrup of Poppies. 

R. Extract of opium, ten grains. 

Water, ninety grains. 

Syrup, thirty-three drachms. 

Dissolve and mix. Paris Codex. 

This and the preceding preparations are 
known as Diacodion Syrup. 

R. Sulphate of morphia, four grains. 

Water, one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve, and mix with 

Syrup, fifteen fl. ounces. 

Each fl. ounce contains one-quarter of a 
grain of the sulphate of morphia. Wood. 



Extract of Poppy Heads. 
R. Poppy heads, 

bruised, sixteen ounces. 

Alcohol, two ounces. 

Boiling water, sufficient. 

Exhaust with the water, evaporate to a 
pint, cool, add the alcohol, filter after 
twenty-four hours, and evaporate to the 
proper consistence. Dose, two to five grains. 

Brit. Ph. 



Pectoral Syrup. 
R. Dates, two pounds. 

Jujube, one pound. 



PAREIRA. 



433 



Liquorice root, half a pound. 

Mallow root, ^ 

Maidenhair, v each, four ounces. 
Poppy heads, ) 

Water, sixteen pints. 

Boil, strain, and add 

Sugar, eight pounds. 

Evaporate to the consistence of syrup. 
Dose, one to two ounces. Gassicourt. 



Sedative Injection. 

R. Simple emulsion, five fl. ounces. 
Decoction of poppy 

heads, one pint. 

White of egg, one drachm. 

Mix. As an injection in acute gonorrhoea. 

Gassicourt. 



Sedative Mixture. 
R. Flaxseed, two drachms. 

Poppy head, one. 

Water, sufficient 

to obtain eight ounces of infusion ; add 

Yolk of egg, one. 

Mix well. In painful diarrhoea. 

St. Marie. 



PAREIRA. 
Pareira Brava. 

Both the U. S. and Brit. Ph. refer this 
root to Cissampelos pareira, a climbing 
shrub, with large, cordate, villous leaves, 
a native of the West Indies and South 
America. But according to Mr. Daniel 
Hanbury, the root and stem of this plant 
do not agree either with the older descrip- 
tions, or with the article met with in the 
shops. The latter is the stem of an un- 
known plant, while the true pareira brava 
is the root of Chondodendron tomentosum or 
Cocculus chondodendron, a native of Brazil. 

Sex. Syst. Dicec. monand. Nat. Syst. Meni- 
spermacese. 

De Cand. Prodr. I. 98. See also Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 106, and Amer. Journ. Phar. 
1873, October. 

The root, which is the officinal portion, is 
usually in large crooked pieces, of a dark 
blackish-brown color externally, and light 
yellowish-brown within ; it has at first a 
sweetish, and somewhat aromatic taste, 
but leaves a bitterish, unpleasant impres- 
sion ; the odor is very slight. It is tonic 
and alterative, and acts specifically on the 
bladder, allaying irritability and diminish- 
ing mucous secretion. The dose, in sub- 
stance, is from thirty grains to a drachm. 
28 



Infusion of Pareira Brava. 
R. Pareira brava, bruised, one 

troyounee. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for two hours, and strain. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. ounces, in irritation 
and chronic inflammation of urinary pas- 
sages. 



Decoction of Pareira Brava. 
R. Pareira brava, 

sliced, one ounce and a half. 

Distilled water, twenty ounces. 

Boil for fifteen minutes, express, strain, and 

obtain twenty fl. ounces. Dose, one to two 

fl. ounces. Brit. Ph. 



Extract of Pareira Brava. 

R. Pareira brava, in 

coarse powder, one pound. 

Water, sufficient. 

Digest the powder with a pint of the water 
for twenty-four hours, introduce into a per- 
colator, and with water displace slowly one 
gallon, evaporate this to a pilular consist- 
ence. Dose, ten to twenty grains. 

Brit. Ph. 



Fluid Extract of Pareira Brava. 

R. Pareira brava, in 

powder, No. 60, sixteen 

troy ounces. 

Glycerin, three fl. ounces. 

Water, five fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with 
four fl. ounces of the mixture, pack in a 
percolator, add remaining liquid, and ma- 
cerate for four days ; then, with diluted 
alcohol, displace twenty-four fl. ounces, 
reserving the first fourteen, add to remain- 
der one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate to 
two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved por- 
tion. 

Brit. Ph. exhausts with boiling water ; 
sixteen fl. ounces of the liquid extract are 
preserved by three fl. ounces of rectified 
spirit. 

Dose, half to one fl. drachm. 



Tincture of Pareira Brava. 

R. Pareira brava, two ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, one pint. 

Digest for seven days, and filter. Brodie. 
Dose, fifty to sixty drops. 



434 



PAULLINIA. — PEPSINUM. 



PAULLINIA. 

Paullinia (Guarana) 

Is a preparation from the seeds of Paul- 
linia sorbilis, a climbing plant, indigenous 
to Brazil. The seeds are dried, pounded, 
mixed with cacao and cassava, and with 
water formed into a paste, which is dried. 
This preparation is of a brown color, hard, 
light, inodorous, and of a somewhat astrin- 
gent taste. It contains a considerable pro- 
portion of cofieina, and is highly esteemed 
in Brazil, in diseases of the bowels and 
bladder, and has been used in Europe as a 
tonic in these, and in chlorosis, etc., with 
much success. 

Sex. Syst. Octand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Sapin- 
dacese. 

Martius, Mat. Med. Bras. 59. 



Lozenges of Paullinia. 
R. Alcoholic extract of paullinia, 

twenty-one grains. 

Vanilla sugar, five hundred grains. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 

Mix, and form lozenges of ten grains each. 

Dose, sixteen to twenty during the day. 

Gavrelle. 



Syrup of Paullinia. 

R. Alcoholic extract of paullinia, 

one part. 

Simple syrup, one hundred parts. 

Dissolve. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Dorvault. 



Pills of Paullinia. 
R. Paulinia, sufficient. 

Make into pills of a grain and a half. Five 
to ten, as occasion may require. 

Gavrelle. 



Alcoholic Extract of Paullinia. 

R. Powdered paullinia, at will. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Introduce into a displacement apparatus, 
and pass the alcohol through till the powder 
is exhausted ; distil off the spirit, and evapo- 
rate to proper consistence. Eight to ten 
grains during the day. Dechastelus. 



Chocolate with Paullinia. 

R. Paullinia, 

Chocolate, 
Mix. and form a paste. As a restorative 
in diseases of debility, chlorosis, etc. 

Beaslcy 



one ounce, 
sixteen ounces. 



PEPO. 

Pumpkin Seed. 

They are obtained from Cucurbita pepo, 
an herbaceous plant, extensively cultivated 
for the sake of its fruit. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. Monadel. Nat. Syst. 
Cucurbitacese. 

The seeds are white, fiat, ovate, and 
marked with a groove near the margin ; 
they have no odor, but a mucilaginous and 
oily taste, and are employed as a tsenifuge. 

Dose, half to one ounce in the form of 
emulsion. 



PEPSINUM. 
Pepsin. 



Of well-cleaned fresh hogs' stomachs, the 
mucous membrane is dissected oft", chopped 
finely, and macerated for several days in 
water acidulated with muriatic acid ; the 
strained and decanted clear liquid is mixed 
with a saturated solution of table salt in 
water, and the separated pepsin after several 
hours drained on a muslin strainer, and 
submitted to strong pressure. It may be 
further purified by redissolvingin acidulated 
water, precipitating by table salt, express- 
ing strongly, drying, and macerating the 
thin dry sheet of pepsin for a short time in 
water. E. Schcffer. 



Saccharated Pepsin. 
R. Pepsin, prepared as above, and 
yet damp, 
Sugar of milk, each, sufficient. 

Triturate the pepsin with sufficient milk 
sugar, so that ten grains of the air dry 
powder will dissolve not less than one 
hundred and twenty grains of coagulated 
albumen if digested with an excess of the 
latter, for five or six hours at 100° in water, 
each fl. ounce of which is acidulated with 
six drops of muriatic acid. E. Schcffer. 
Dose, five to ten grains, or more, in dys- 
pepsia, to be taken immediately before or 
with a meal, together with lactic or diluted 
muriatic acid, when there is a deficiency of 
acid in the stomach. 



Wine of Pepsin. 
R. Mucous membrane of hog's 
stomach, or of beef rennet, 

1 one hundred parts. 
Glycerin, 

Distilled water, each, fifty parts. 
Good white wine, one thousand 

parts. 

Muriatic acid, five parts. 

Mix thoroughly the mucus, glycerin, and 

water, and agitate well with the remaining 



PETROLEUM. 



435 



liquids ; macerate for three days at or below 
98°. and filter. Ph. Germ. 



Rennet Wine.— Liquid Rennet. 
B. Mucous membrane of 

calves' rennet, three parts. 

White wine, twenty-six parts. 

Chloride of sodium, one part. 

Macerate for three days, and filter. 

Ph. Germ. 



PETROLEUM. 

Petroleum. 

A liquid bitumen, of a fluid consistence, 
of a brownish-black or reddish-brown color, 
having a bituminous odor, and an acrid, 
strong taste. It is found in various parts 
of the world, issuing from the earth in the 
form of springs. Many of these exist in 
the United States, as in the western portion 
of Pennsylvania, on the shores of Seneca 
Lake, on the Kenhawa, etc. These pro- 
ducts are light-colored and more liquid than 
the Barbadoes and other foreign varieties, 
and are known as Seneca oil. 

Petroleum is a stimulating antispasmodic, 
and sudorific, with some anthelmintic pro- 
perties. The dose is from half a drachm to 
a drachm. 

By fractional distillation on a large scale, 
various hydrocarbons of different boiling 
points are obtained, which are sold under 
the name of rhigolen, gasolin, benzin, etc. 
The lightest of these, having at the same 
time the lowest boiling point, have been used 
locally for anaesthetic purposes. Benzin, 
which is the heavier of these light portions, 
is largely used in the arts, being a valuable 
solvent, capable to replace in many cases 
ether, chloroform, oil of turpentine, etc. 
The still heavier colorless fraction of petro- 
leum is extensively employed for illuminat- 
ing purposes. 



British Oil. 
B. Oil of turpentine, 

" flaxseed, each, eight fl. 

ounces. 

" amber, four fl. ounces. 

" juniper, four fl. drachms. 

Barbadoes petroleum, three 

fl. ounces. 

Seneca oil, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. As a rubefacient liniment. 

Phil. Coll. Ph. 

B. Oil of turpentine, eight fl. ounces. 

Barbadoes petroleum, four 

fl. ounces. 

Oil of rosemary, four fl. drachms. 
Mix. Gray. 



Embrocation of Petroleum. 

B. Petroleum, half an ounce. 

Oil of turpentine, one drachm. 
Spirit of juniper, four ounces. 

Mix. As a friction to the loins, in atony 
of the urinary passages and dropsy. 

Radius. 

B. Petroleum, half an ounce. 

Spirit of lavender, one ounce. 



Laudanum, 



two drachms. 



Mix. As a lotion to frozen limbs. 

Phoebus. 

B. Crude petroleum, 

Glycerin, each, one ounce. 

Mix. In scabies of children. Monti. 

B. Petroleum, one drachm and a half. 
Spirit of ammonia, two ounces. 

Mix. As a remedy for chilblains. 

Radius. 



Ointment of Petroleum. 

R. Petroleum, three drachms. 

Camphor, one scruple. 

Simple ointment, 

one ounce and a half. 

Mix. Radius. 



Plaster of Petroleum. 

B. Resin, half an ounce. 

Camphor, one drachm. 

Opium, half a drachm. 

Petroleum, sufficient. 

Mix. As an application in chronic rheu- 
matism. Radius. 



Anthelmintic Mixture of Petroleum. 
B. Petroleum, half an ounce. 



Tincture of assafe- 
ticla, 



six drachms. 



Mix. Forty drops, three times a day, in 
cases of tapeworm. Schwartz. 



Diuretic Mixture of Petroleum. 

B. Petroleum, two drachms. 

Tincture of squill, f one drachm. 
Spirit of juniper, six drachms. 

Mix. Forty drops, three times a day, in 
dropsy. Vogt. 



436 



PETEOSELIXUM 



PHOSPHORUS. 



PETROSELIXUM. 
Parsley. 

Parsley, or Petroselinum sativum, is a bi- 
ennial herbaceous plant, with a fusiform 
root ; a native of southern Europe, but gene- 
rally cultivated in our gardens, for the sake 
of its leaves, which are used for culinary 
purposes. 

<S'ex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Api- 
ace?e. 

Hoffmann, Umb. 1, torn. 1. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 318. 

The root, which is the officinal portion, is 
fusiform, white, fleshy, of a pleasant odor 
and a somewhat sweetish, aromatic taste, 
becoming inert when kept for some time in 
the dry state; it should therefore be used in 
the recent state, or recently dried. It is 
diuretic and slightly aperient. 



Infusion of Parsley Root. 

R. Parsley root, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse and strain. A teacnpful, with a 
drachm of sweet spirit of nitre, every three 
or four hours. Ellis. 

In strangury from blisters; and highly 
spoken of by Dr. Chapman, in dropsies. 



Oil of Parsley. 
R. Parsley seed, one part. 

Water, four parts. 

Distil, and separate the oil. 

Carminative, and also said to be very 
efficacious in gonorrhoea, in doses of three 
or four drops, three times a day. 



PHLORIDZINUM. 

Phloridzin. 

A bitter principle obtained from the bark 
of the apple, pear, cherry, and plum-trees, 
especially from that of the root. It is white, 
very bitter, and is said to be a powerful 
febrifuge. It is obtained by boiling the 
fresh bark of the root for two hours in suffi- 
cient water to cover it, decanting the decoc- 
tion, and renewing the process. The two 
decoctions are united, permitted to stand for 
twenty-four hours, when a deposit of phlo- 
ridzin will take place, and, by evaporation, 
an additional portion will be obtained. This 
Impure product is to be treated with distilled 
water and animal charcoal, to purify it. 



Powder of Phloridzin. 
R. Phloridzin, ten to fourteen grains. 
Sugar, one drachm. 

Mix. In the a pyrexia of tntermittenl fever. 
/>> Koninck. 



PHOSPHORUS. 

Phosphorus. 

An elementary substance, usually in the 
form of thin sticks, which are translucent, 
of a pale-yellowish color, and flexible con- 
sistence. It has no perceptible taste, but an 
alliaceous odor. It is principally made from 
bone ashes, which consist mainly of phos- 
phate of caleium. It is a highly powerful, 
diffusible stimulant, and ought never to be 
given in substance, and its effects should 
be always closely watched. It has been 
given in cases of extreme prostration of the 
vital powers. 



Phosphorated Oil. 

R. Phosphorus, one part. 

Almond oil, fifty parts. 

Fuse the phosphorus in the oil, placed in a 
water-bath, stirring frequently; then agi- 
tate occasionally until cold, decant from the 
phosphorus, and keep in well-stopped vials 
in a cool place. Paris Codex. 

Dose, five to ten drops in some muci- 
laginous liquid. 

R. Phosphorus, well dried, one part. 
Oil of almonds, eighty parts. 

Digest by the aid of warm water and agita- 
tion, cool for half an hour, and carefully 
decant the oil from any undissolved phos- 
phorus. Dose, five to fifteen drops. To be 
prepared only for immediate use. 

Ph. Germ. 
Has been advised in gout, chronic rheu- 
matism, etc., and also externally, as a fric- 
tion. 



Emulsion of Phosphorated Oil. 

R. Phosphorated oil, 

Powdered gum Arabic, 

each, two drachms. 

Mint water, three troyounces. 

Simple syrup, two troyounces. 

Make an emulsion. Dose, a tablespoonful. 

Soubeiran. 



Pills of Phosphorus. 
R. Phosphorus, one grain and a half. 
Almond oil, four drachms. 

Dissolve by aid of a water-bath, add suffi- 
cient magnesia, and make one hundred pills. 

Bouchardat. 

R. Phosphorus, one grain and a half. 
Almond oil, 
Powdered soap, 



each. 



ninety grains. 



PHYSOSTIGMA. 



437 



Dissolve the phosphorus in the oil, add the 
soap and sufficient marshmallow, in powder, 
to make one hundred pills. Tavignot. 

Dose, three to five a day. The oil may 
be advantageously substituted by suet, 
cacao-butter, oil of mace, or other solid 
fats. 



Phosphorated Ether. 
R. Phosphorus, one part. 

Ether, fifty parts. 

Macerate for a month in a bottle covered 
with black paper ; decant into small bot- 
tles similarly prepared. Dose, five to ten 
drops, in some emollient liquid, every four 
hours. Paris Codex. 

R. Phosphorus, two grains. 

Oil of peppermint, half a drachm. 
Add to the solution 

Ether, half fl. ounce. 

Mix well. Two to six drops, every four 
hours, on sugar. In epilepsy, paralysis, 
etc. Augustin. 



Fuse in a bottle placed in a water-bath, 
then agitate until solution has taken place, 
and afterwards occasionally until cold. In 
paralytic affections. Paris Codex. 

R. Phosphorus, ten grains. 

Camphor, two scruples. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix carefully, and make an ointment. 
Used in palsies, by rubbing in twice daily. 

Huf eland. 



Tincture of Phosphorus. 

R. Phosphorus, one grain. 

Absolute alcohol, twelve drachms. 

Dissolve by digestion. Dose, ten to fifteen 

minims, largely diluted. J. A. Thompson. 



Phosphorated Cerate. 

R. Phosphorated ether, five parts. 

Simple cerate, twenty-four parts. 

Mix. As a friction in obstinate cutaneous 

affections. Foy. 



Phosphorated Oil of Turpentine. 
R. Phosphorus, two grains. 

Oil of turpentine, three fl. drachms. 
Mix, and dissolve. Dose, ten to twelve 
drops, in obstinate intermittents ; to be 
given in a cupful of oatmeal gruel. 

Hufeland. 



Phosphorated Liniment. 



R. 



Phosphorus, 
Oil of almonds, 
Caustic ammonia, 
Camphor, each, 



Mix. 



six grains, 
one ounce. 

two grains. 

Augustin. 



Phosphorated Ointment. 
R. Phosphorus, one part. 

Lard, one hundred parts. 



Phosphorus Paste. 
(Rat's Bane.) 

R. Phosphorus, eight parts. 

Lukewarm water,") each, one hun- 
Rye meal,- y dred and 

Melted butter, ) eighty parts. 
Sugar, one hundred and 

twenty parts. 

Liquefy the phosphorus in the water; pour 
into a mortar, and add the meal ; when 
cold, add the butter and sugar. An active 
poison for rats and mice. Simon. 



PHYSOSTIGMA 
Calabar Bean. — Ordeal Bean. 

This is the seed of Physostigma venenosum, 
of Western Africa. 

Sex. Syst. Diadel. decand. Nat. Syst. Fa- 
baceae. 

Balfour, in Transactions of the Roy. Soc. 
Edinb. xxii. 305. 

The seeds are nearly an inch in length, 
flatfish kidney shaped, with a hard, brittle, 
and shining brown testa and marked with 
a conspicuous furrow along its convex mar- 
gin. The white kernel is hard, pulverizable, 
and has a rather bland taste, free from bit- 
terness or acrimony. It acts as an excitant 
of the secretory system, increasing more 
especially the action of the alimentary mu- 
cous glands, and in large doses destroys the 
power of the spinal cord in conducting im- 
pressions, resulting in muscular paralysis 
or paralysis of the heart. Applied to the 
eye it contracts the pupil. The dsse of the 
powder is one grain, cautiously increased to 
five or six grains. 



Extract of Calabar Bean. 
R. Calabar bean, in moderately 

fine powder, twelve troyounces. 
Alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by percolation two pints of tincture, 
or enough to exhaust the powder, recover 
most of the alcohol by distillation, and 
evaporate the residue to the consistence of 
a soft extract. U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. 
Dose, one-sixteenth to one-fourth or half 
a grain. 



438 



PHYTOLACCA. — PIMENTA 



Tincture of Calabar Bean. 
R. Powdered Calabar 

bean, one drachm. 

Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 

Macerate for a week and filter. Dose, 
twenty minims thrice daily, carefully in- 
creased to fifty or sixty minims, in chorea. 

Ogle. 



Powder of Calabar Bean and 
Rhubarb. 

R. Powdered Calabar bean, 
" rhubarb, 

each, sixty grains. 

Mix, and divide into twenty powders. Dose, 
from three to five powders during twenty- 
four hours, in hysteria. Fenwick. 



Hypodermic Injection of Calabar 
Bean. 

R. Extract of Calabar 

bean, one-third of a grain. 

Distilled water, ten minims. 

Dissolve, and carefully neutralize the solu- 
tion with bicarbonate of potassium. In 
tetanus. Haining. 



Glycerite of Calabar Bean. 
R. Extract of Calabar 

bean, one grain. 

Glycerin, sixty-five grains. 

Dissolve. Dorvault. 

Dose, four drops four times a day, in con- 
stipation. 



Paper of Calabar Bean- 
White filtering paper is impregnated 
with the glycerite or with alcoholic solu- 
tion of extract of Calabar bean, and dried. 
Each square centimetre should contain two 
milligrammes of the extract. Dorvault. 



PHYTOLACCA. 

Poke. 

Both the "berries and the root of the Poke, 
or J'hytolacca decandra, are officinal. It is 
a large, herbaceous plant, with a perennial 
root, and bearing numerous clusters of dark- 
purple berries. 

Sex. 8yst, Decand. decagyn. Nat. Syst. 
Phytolaeeacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 631. Griffith, Med. Bot. 535. 

The root, as found in the shops, is in 
transverse slices, of a light-brown color ex- 
ternally ; and exhibiting on the cut surfaces 
numerous concentric rings. The taste is 

somewhat saccharine, followed by a sensa- 
tion of acrimony; the odor of the fresh root 
is somewhat like that of ginseng, but this 



disappears on drying. It is emeto-cathar- 
tic, with some narcotic properties. It has 
been used as an alterative, in syphilis, 
rheumatism, and chronic eruptions. The 
berries have also been praised in the same 
complaints. The dose of the powdered root 
is from one to five grains as an alterative ; 
from ten to thirty as an emetic. 



Ointment of Poke. 
R. Powdered root or leaves 

of poke, one drachm. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Eub together. As an application in tinea 
capitis, psora, etc. Wood. 



Tincture of Poke Root* 
R. Powdered poke- 
root, six troyounces. 
Cardamom, two drachms. 
Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for two weeks, express, and filter. 
Maryland Coll. Ph. 



Tincture of Poke-Berries. 

R. Bruised poke-berries, four ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, one pint. 

Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 

Dose, a teaspoonful, in chronic rheumatism. 



PIMENTA. 

Pimento. — Allspice. 

This, which is also called Jamaica pepper, 
is the unripe herries of Eugenia pimenta, a 
"beautiful evergreen tree, which is indigen- 
ous to the West Indies and South America. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Myr- 

De Candolle, Prod. iii. 285. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 300. 

The berries, which are the officinal part, 
are collected before they are ripe, and dried 
in the sun. In this state they are round, 
brown, somewhat rough, and a little larger 
than a pepper-corn. They have an aromatic, 
agreeable odor, and a powerful, clove-like 
taste. Pimento is a warm, aromatic stimu- 
lant, but is more employed as a condiment 
than in medicine. The dose, in powder, is 
from ten to forty grains. 



Bolus of Allspice. 
R. Powdered allspice, ^ h four 

" cinnamon, > ' . 

saffron, 'J S ralnS - 

" opium, one grain. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and make two boluses. In chronic 
diarrhoea. Foy. 



PIPEE. 



439 



Water of Allspice. 
R. Allspice, bruised, fourteen ounces. 
Water, - twenty pounds. 

Distil ten pounds. Brit. Ph. 

Used as a carminative. Dose, one to 
two fl. ounces. 



Spirit of Allspice. 
R. Oil of pimento, two fl. drachms. 
Diluted alcohol, one gallon. 

Dissolve the oil in the alcohol. 

[I. S. Ph. 1850. 



Tincture of Allspice. 

R. Allspice, one part. 

Alcohol, five parts. 

Macerate for fifteen days, and filter. Dose, 

from ten to twelve drops. Swediaur. 



Essence of Allspice. 

R. Oil of pimento, one fl. ounce. 

Rectified spirit, nine fl. ounces. 

Mix with agitation. Dose, thirty drops, as 

a carminative. Dub. Ph. 1826. 



PIPER. 

Black Pepper. 

This article is the berries of Piper nigrum, 
a perennial, shrubby vine, from eight to 
twelve feet high, a native of India, and ex- 
tensively cultivated in many parts of tropi- 
cal Asia. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Pipe- 
racese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 40. Griffith, Med. Bot. 564. 

The fruit, which is the officinal part, is 
gathered before it is quite ripe, and by the 
drying of the pulp over the grayish- white 
seed, becomes wrinkled and black ; in this 
state it is known as black pepper ; if per- 
mitted to ripen, and deprived of the skin by 
maceration, and dried, the fruit forms what 
is called white pepper, which is less active 
than the black. 

Black pepper is a warm, carminative 
stimulant, but is principally used as a con- 
diment. It has, however, been used in 
gonorrhoea, etc., and in the treatment of in- 
termittent fevers, and also as an external 
application, in the form of ointment, to 
tinea capitis. The dose is from ten to 
twenty grains. 



Confection of Black Pepper. 
R. Powdered black pepper, 

two ounces. 

" caraway, three ounces. 

Clarified honey, fifteen ounces. 



Mix thoroughly. Dose, one to two drachms. 

Brit. Ph. 

A substitute for Ward's paste. 

This, which is similar to Ward's paste, 
so celebrated in the cure of piles, must be 
used for a length of time, to be of service. 
Dose, from one to two drachms, two or 
three times a day. 



Electuary of Black Pepper. 

R. Powdered black pepper, 
Conserve of orange-peel, 

each, one ounce. 

Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. 
Make an electuary. As a stomachic and 
carminative. A drachm twice a day. 

Saunders. 



Resinous Oil of Black Pepper. 
R. Black pepper, at will. 

Grind it, and exhaust by means of alcohol 
(.835) ; distil off the alcohol. Treat the 
resinous residue with solution of potassa, 
which removes all but the peperina. The 
alkaline liquid is then to be saturated with 
diluted muriatic acid, and the fluid oleo- 
resin that precipitates is, after being 
washed with water, ready for use. 

W. Procter. 



Oleoresin of Black Pepper. 
R. Black pepper, in fine 

powder, twelve troyounces. 
Ether, sufficient. 

Put the powder in a percolator, press firmly, 
and pour ether gradually upon it until 
twenty fl. ounces of tincture pass. Distil 
off most of the ether, and expose the residue 
in a shallow vessel till all the ether is evap- 
orated, and the deposition of piperina has 
ceased. Lastly, separate the piperina by 
expressing. 

Dose, one or two drops. U. S. Ph. 



Volatile Oil of Black Pepper. 

R. Powdered black pepper, at will. 
Water, sufficient. 

Distil, and separate the oil from the pro- 
duct. This has the odor, but not the pun- 
gency of the fruit. 



Ointment of Black Pepper. 
R. Powdered black pepper, 

four ounces. 
Lard, one pound. 

Mix. As an application in tinea capitis. 
Dub. Ph. 1826. 



440 



PIPER LONGUM 



PISCIDIA EEYTHEINA. 



Plaster of Black Pepper 
R. Powdered black pepper, 

Galbanum, each, three drachms. 
Pitch, two ounces. 

Oil of laurel berries, sufficient. 

Mix. As a stimulating plaster, in rheu- 
matism, etc. Augustin. 



R 



Cataplasm of Black Pepper. 

Flour of mustard, half a pound. 

Powdered black pepper, 

" ginger, 

each, one drachm. 

Boiling water, sufficient 

to make a soft paste. To be applied to 

the pit of the stomach in colic, etc. ; or to 

the feet, as a revulsive. Ellis. 



PIPER LONGUM. 
Long Pepper. 

This is the dried spikes of the Piper Ion- 
gum, or Chavica officinarum, a climbing 
shrub, with dioecious flowers, a native of 
some of the East India islands, and culti- 
vated in Sumatra and Java. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 41. Griffith, Med. Bot. 566. 

The officinal portion is the fruit catkins, 
dried in the sun. These are aromatic ; of a 
pungent, fiery taste ; of a grayish-brown 
color ; cylindrical. This pepper has nearly 
the same properties as the black, but it is 
little used in this country. 



Cataplasm of Long Pepper. 
R. Powdered long pepper, 
" cinarer. 



each, 
White of egg. 
Mix well into a paste, 
application in pleurisy. 



half an ounce. 

sufficient. 

As a rubefacient 

Foy. 



PIPERINA. 

PlPERINA. 

A peculiar principle obtained from Piper 
nigrum. It is white, and crystallizes in 
four-sided prisms. It was thought to be an 
alkali, but the experiments of Pelletier show 
that it ia more analogous to the resins. It 
Ikis been much praised in Italy, as a febri- 
fuge ; and is also spoken of with favor by 
physicians of oilier countries. It has been 
supposed that its acrid taste and remedial 
properties were dependent on an admixture 
Of acrid oil, hut Dr. ( diristison attempts to 
prove that such is not the case. 



at will. 



R. Alcoholic extract of 
black pepper, 

Treat it with water containing a hundredth 
of caustic potassa ; wash the residue in cold 
water ; dissolve in alcohol ; filter, and per- 
mit to evaporate and crystallize. Guibourt. 
Dose, from two to ten grains. 



Pills of Piperina. 

R. Piperina, twenty-four grains. 

Crumb of bread, sufficient. 

Mix, and make twelve pills. One, every 

two hours. Meli. 

R. Piperina, twelve grains. 

Extract of gentian, sufficient. 

Mix, and make twelve pills. One, every 
hour, during the apyrexia of intermittents. 

Ellis. 



two grains. 

sufficient. 

Hartte. 



Pills of Piperina and Mercury. 

R. Blue pill, one grain. 

Piperina, 
Sulphate of quinia, 

each, 
Syrup, 
Mix, and make a pill. 

One, three times a day, for a few days, 
after the paroxysm has been checked by 
piperina. 

Tincture of Piperina. 

R. Piperina, one part. 

Alcohol, seven parts. 

Dissolve, and filter. Biral. 



PISCIDIA ERYTHRINA. 
Jamaica Dogwood. 

This is a small West Indian tree, with a 
hard, heavy wood, and a narcotic bark, em- 
ployed to intoxicate fish. 

Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. 
Fabaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 993. Griffith, Med. Bot. 246. 

The part used is the bark of the root, 
which appears to be a stimulating narcotic ; 
causing excitement of the system, copious 
perspiration, and profound sleep. Applied 
topically to allay pain. 



Tincture of Jamaica Dogwood. 
R. Bruised Jamaica 

dogwood, one ounce. 

Alcohol, four fl. ounces. 

Digest for seven days, and filter. Full 
dose, as a narcotic, one fl. drachm. 

Hamilton. 



PIX BUEGU^DICA. 



441 



PIX BURGUNDICA. 

Burgundy Pitch. 

This is the prepared resinous exudation 
of Abies excelsa, a lofty tree, a native of 
Europe and northern Asia. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. 

"Pi n fi pp*p 

De Candolle, El. Fr. iii. 375. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 606. 

It is also obtained from A. picea. 

When pure it is hard, brittle, opaque, of 
a yellowish or brownish-yellow color, and 
of a weak, turpentine-like taste and odor. 
The Thus of the Brit. Ph. is the concrete 
turpentine of Pinus palustris and P. tceda. 
It is in solid, brittle tears, of a bright- 
yellowish color, and emits an agreeable 
odor when burned. 

Both are used as ingredients in plaster. 



Prepared Thus or Common 
Frankincense. 



R. Frankincense, 
Water, 



one pound, 
sufficient to cover. 



Liquefy by heat, strain through a hair sieve, 
and when cold pour off the water. Used 
for making plasters. Lond. Ph. 



Pitch Plaster. 

R. Burgundy pitch, 

twenty-six ounces. 
Prepared thus, thirteen ounces. 
Resin, 

Yellow wax, each, four ounces 
and a half. 
Expressed oil of nutmeg, 

one ounce. 
Olive oil, 
Water, each, two fl. ounces. 

Melt the thus, pitch, resin, and wax to- 
gether, and add the olive oil, oil of nutmegs, 
and water ; mix, and evaporate to a proper 
consistence. Brit. Ph. 

As a rubefacient plaster in pectoral and 
rheumatic affections, etc. It often causes 
a serous discharge, and much irritation. 



R. Burgundy pitch, 
Wax, 
Turpentine, 

Melt, and mix. 



six ounces. 

half an ounce. 

one drachm. 

Guy's Hosp. 



R 



Burgundy Pitch Plaster. 

Burgundy pitch, six pounds. 

Yellow wax, half a pound. 

Melt, and stir constantly till they thicken. 

U.S. Ph. 



Warming Plaster. 
R. Burgundy pitch, 

forty-eight troy ounces. 
Cerate of Spanish flies, 

four troy ounces. 
Melt together on a water-bath, and stir 
constantly till they thicken. U. S. Ph. 



Irritating Pitch Plaster. 
R. Burgundy pitch, thirty-two parts. 
Common turpentine, 
Yellow wax, each, twelve parts. 
Euphorbium, in very 

fine powder, three parts. 

Melt the first three articles together, add 
the powder, and mix well. Ph. Germ. 



Aromatic Plaster. 

R. Resin of spruce fir, three ounces. 



Yellow wax, 



half an ounce. 



Powdered cinnamon, six drachms. 
Oil of pimento, 
u lemon, each, two drachms. 
Melt the resin and wax together, and strain. 
When they begin to thicken, on cooling, 
mix in the cinnamon, previously rubbed 
with the oils, and make a plaster. 

Dub. Ph. 1826. 
A good local stimulant, when applied to 
the region of the stomach, allaying nausea 
and vomiting, and relieving gastric un- 
easiness. 



R 



Compound Pitch Plaster. 

Burgundy pitch, two parts. 

White wax, four parts. 
Turpentine, 

Balsam of tolu, each, one part. 

Mix and melt. Beral. 



Pitch Cerate. 
R. Burgundy pitch, 

Common turpentine, 

Suet, each, 

Yellow wax, 
Melt together. 



two parts. 

one part. 

four parts. 

Ph. Germ. 



Pills of Burgundy Pitch. 
R. Burgundy pitch, five drachms. 
Mucilage, sufficient. 

Mix, and make one hundred pills. Six to 
eight, three times a day, in cutaneous 
affections. Ulrich. 



442 



PIX CANADENSIS. — PIX LIQUIDA. 



PIX CANADENSIS. 

Canada or Hemlock Pitch. 

This is the prepared resinous exudation of 
the Abies Canadensis, a lofty tree, found in 
the more northern parts of the United States, 
in Canada, etc., and also in the mountainous 
portions of the Middle States. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. monodelph. Nat. Syst. 
Pinacese. 

Mich. 1ST. A. Sylv. iii. 185. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 606. 

The resin exudes spontaneously, and 
hardens on the bark, from which it is sepa- 
rated by boiling in water. It, however, re- 
quires a purification, by melting and strain- 
ing, before it is fit for use. In this state, it 
is hard, brittle, of a dark yellowish-brown 
color, which becomes darker by exposure 
to the air, of a peculiar but faint odor, and 
a scarcely perceptible taste. 

It is a mild rubefacient, much resembling 
Burgundy pitch in its actions and powers, 
and is employed for the same purposes. 

The volatile oil obtained from the tops by 
distillation, and called the oil of hemlock, is 
possessed of emmenagogue properties. It 
has been used to produce abortion. 



Hemlock Pitch Plaster. 

R. Hemlock pitch, seventy-two 

troyounces. 

Yellow wax, six troyounces. 

Melt together, strain, and stir while cooling. 

U. S. Ph. 



PIX LIQUIDA. 

Tar. 

This is an impure turpentine, obtained by 
the slow combustion of various species of the 
pine tribe, and more especially of the pin us 
palustris. It is made in large quantities in 
North Carolina, and in various other places 
in America and Europe. 

It is of a brownish-black color, of a tena- 
cious consistence, has a peculiar empyreu- 
matioodor, and a somewhat bitter, resinous, 
subacrid taste.'! 

Its properties are analogous to those of 
the turpentines. It is used both internally 
and externally. The dose is from half a 
drachm to one drachm, several times a day. 



Tar Fills. 

R. Tar, one drachm. 

Powdered elecampane, sufficient. 

Mix, form a mass, and divide into twenty 

pills. Beashy. 

R. Tar, one drachm. 

Wheat flour, sufficient. 

Mix, form a mass, and divide into twenty 

pills. G. B. Wood. 



R. Tar, two scruples. 

Liquorice powder, one scruple. 

Mix, and make sixteen pills. Seymour. 



Tar "Water. 

R. Tar, one pint. 

Water, four pints. 

Mix, and shake frequently for twenty-four 

hours, decant, and filter. U. S. Ph. 

R. Tar, one part. 

Boiling water, ten parts. 

Macerate for two days, with frequent agita- 
tion, and decant. Ph. Germ. 

R. Tar, one part. 

Water, thirty parts. 

Macerate for a day and reject the w 7 ater, 
then macerate with same quantity of water 
for ten days, and decant, Paris Codex. 
It is stimulant and diuretic, and was 
once much used in a variety of diseases, 
especially in those of the lungs. The dose 
is from one to two pints, in divided doses, 
in the course of the day. It is also used as 
a lotion in cutaneous diseases. 



Syrup of Tar. 
R. Tar water, twenty-one parts. 

Sugar, forty parts. 

Dissolve, and strain. Paris Codex. 



Glycerite of Tar. 
R. Tar, one troy ounce. 

Carbonate of magnesium, two 
troyounces. 
Glycerin, four fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, two fl. ounces. 

Water, ten fl. ounces. 

Bub the tar with the carbonate, then with 
the mixed liquids, in three portions, ex- 
pressing each time, then pack the residue 
into a percolator, and pass first the ex- 
pressed liquids, afterwards water, until one 
pint is obtained. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one to four fl. drachms. 



Wine of Tar, or Tar Beer. 

R. Water, three quarts. 

W heat bran, one quart. 

Tar, one pint. 

Honey, half a pint. 

Simmer together for three hours, and when 

cool add a pint of brewers' yeast, and let 

it Btand for thirty-six hours. Then bottle. 

Dose, a tablespoonful. Duhamel. 



PIX NIGRA. — PLATINI BICHLORIDUM. 



443 



each, one pound. 

half a pint, 
sufficient. 



B. Ground malt, 

Honey, 

Tar, 

Yeast, 

Water, 

Keep the malt, honey, and three quarts of 
water, at 150° F. for three hours, and when 
cool add the yeast. Set aside for thirty-six 
hours, then decant, and to the clear solu- 
tion add the tar, stirring constantly. Shake 
up occasionally for a week, then filter^ and 
bottle for use. W. Procter, Jr. 



B. Strong beer, 
Tar, 



one gallon, 
sufficient to saturate. 



Mix, and allow them to macerate for three 
days, with occasional agitation. Dose, a 
tablespoonful. Robinson. 



Tar Ointment. 
B. Tar, 

Suet, each, twelve troy ounces. 
Melt the suet with a moderate heat, add 
the tar, strain, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. 



B. Tar, 

Yellow wax, 


five ounces, 
two ounces. 


Melt the wax, add 
cold. 


the tar, and stir till 
Brit. Ph. 


B. Purified tar, one part. 
Lard, three parts. 
Mix. Paris Codex. 
A stimulant application to various 
cutaneous eruptions, as psoriasis and tinea 
capitis. 



Compound Tar Ointment. 
B. Tar ointment, 

Cerate of subacetate of lead, 
each, half a pound. 

Mix. St. Bart's Hosp. 

B. Tar ointment, 

Sulphur ointment, equal parts. 
Mix. Guy's Hosp. 



PIX NIGRA. 
Black Pitch. 

This is the solid black mass that remains 
after the evaporation of tar. It has a shin- 
ing fracture. If is gently stimulant and 
tonic, and has been used internally in some 
cutaneous diseases, and in piles. The dose 
is from ten grains to a drachm, in piles. It 
is also employed externally. 



Ointment of Black Pitch. 

Black pitch, 



Wax, 

Besin, 



each, eleven ounces. 



Olive oil, (imp.) one pint. 

Melt together, and strain. Lond. Ph. 

Used for the same purposes as tar oint- 
ment. 



Plaster of Black Pitch. 



B. Black pitch, 

Resin, 

Suet, 

Turpentine, 

Yellow wax, 
Melt together. 



each, two parts. 

three parts. 

Niemann. 



Pills of Black Pitch. 

B. Black pitch, one drachm. 

Powdered gum 

Arabic, half a drachm. 

Mix, and divide into twenty pills. Dose, 
two every night, in piles. Wardleworth. 



PLATINUM 

Platina. 



PLATINI BICHLORIDUM. 

Bichloride of Platina. 

Made by dissolving platinum in nitro- 
muriatic acid, and evaporating the solution 
to dryness by a gentle heat. Beasley. 

It, as well as a concentrated solution, is 
of a deep red color. It is very deliquescent 
and soluble in water. It is poisonous in the 
dose of fifteen grains, but has been used as 
an alterative in syphilis, in doses of one- 
eighth to one-fourth of a grain. 



Mixture of Bichloride of Platinum. 

B. Bichloride of 

platinum, two to four grains. 

Sugar, two drachms. 

Distilled water, three fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. Dose, a tablespoonful, three 
times a day. Hoefer. 



Pills of Bichloride of Platinum. 
B. Bichloride of 

platinum, seven and a half grs. 

Guaiacum, one drachm. 

Powdered liquorice root, sufficient. 

Mix, and form twenty pills. One pill three 

times a day. Hoefer. 



444 



PLUMBI ACETAS. 



Ointment of Bichloride of Platinum. 
R. Bichloride of 

platinum, one drachm. 



Extract of belladonna. 



Lard, 



two 
drachms, 
four ounces. 



Rub well together. As an application to 
indolent ulcers. Hoefer. 



PLATINI ET SODII 
CHLORIDUM. 

Chloroplatinate of Sodium. 

Mix a solution of six parts of chloride of 
sodium with a solution of seventeen parts of 
bichloride of platina ; evaporate and crys- 
tallize. The crystals are of a deep yellow 
color, soluble in water and alcohol. They 
are similar in their medical properties to the 
analogous salt of gold. Dose, one grain. 

Beasley. 



Injection of Chloroplatinate of 
Sodium. 

R. Chloroplatinate of 

sodium, half a drachm. 

Decoction of 

poppies, eight fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Used as an injection in gonor- 
rhoea. Hoefer. 



PLUMBUM 
Lead. 



A soft, bluish-gray, malleable metal, with 
a perceptible taste, and a peculiar smell 
when rubbed. It is not officinal in its 
metallic state, but its preparations are much 
employed as sedatives and astringents. 



PLUMBI ACETAS 
Acetate of Lead. 



Powder of Acetate of Lead. 
R. Acetate of lead, 

Powdered opium, each, six grains. 

Sugar, twenty-four grains. 

Mix. Three grains, morning and evening. 
1o check night sweats and diarrhoea, in 
phthisis. Foy. 

R. Calomel, one or two grains. 

Acetate of lead, half to one grain. 
Mix, and divide into four powders. One. 
every three hours, in cholera infantum of 
infants. Ellis. 



R . Acetate of lead, two to three grains. 
Opium, a quarter of a grain. 

Acetate of sodium, three grains. 
Sugar of milk, five grains. 

Mix. To be taken every hour, in hemor- 
rhages. Phoebus. 



Pills of Acetate of Lead. 

R. Acetate of lead, 
Powdered mallow, 

each, one drachm. 

Simple syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and make thirty-six pills. Four to 
five a day, to check sweats in phthisis. 

Radius. 

R. Acetate of lead, half a drachm. 
Calomel, five grains. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and make ten pills ; one, every two to 
four hours, in kematernesis. Ellis. 

R. Acetate of lead, thirty grains. 
Powdered colchicum, 

twenty grains. 

" opium, three grains. 

Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. 

Mix thoroughly, and form into ten pills. 
One to be taken every six hours. Used in 
active hemorrhages, washed down with a 
draught of one drachm of distilled vinegar 
to one fl. ounce of water. Also given in 
phthisis, after bleeding, one twice a day. 
A. T. Thomson. 

R. Acetate of lead, one scruple. 

Opium, one grain. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and make twelve pills. One every 
hour at first, then every two hours, in 
cholera. Graves. 

R. Acetate of lead, twelve grains. 
Opium, six grains. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and make six pills. One, to be re- 
peated according to circumstances, in he- 
moptysis, etc. Ellis. 

R. Acetate of lead, six grains. 

Powdered mallow, 
Extract of seneka, 

each, one drachm. 

Mix, and make sixty pills. Two to five, 
several times a day, in hemoptysis. Koop. 



PLUMBI ACETAS 



445 



Rubefacient Paste. 
R. Acetate of lead, one ounce. 

Bisulphate of potassium, 

three ounces. 

Water, sufficient. 

Rub into a paste. It acts powerfully on 

the skin. Clarus. 



Collyrium of Subacetate of Lead. 
R. Solution of subacetate 

of lead, twelve drops. 

Wine of opium, forty drops. 



Rose water. 



Mix. 



four fl. ounces. 

Ellis. 



R. Acetate of lead, one scruple. 

Lime water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Catechu, three drachms. 

two ounces. 



Honey of roses 



Dissolve and filter. This is much more as- 
tringent than the last. Augustin. 



Solution of Subacetate of Lead. 
(Goulard's Extract.) 

R. Acetate of lead, sixteen 

troyounces. 

Powdered litharge, nine troyounces 

and a half. 

Boiling water, four pints. 

Boil together for half an hour, adding dis- 
tilled water so as to preserve the measure, 
filter, and keep in close-stopped bottles. 

U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. directs to boil five ounces of 
acetate of lead, three and a half of litharge, 
and twenty of distilled water. 

Ph. Germ, directs to triturate three 
parts of acetate with one of finely pow- 
dered litharge, to heat in a porcelain vessel 
by a water-bath, until the mass becomes 
white, when it is agitated with ten parts of 
hot water until cold, then filtered. 

The diluted solution, or lead-water, is 
made by mixing three fl. drachms of the 
above solution to a pint of distilled water, 
U. S. Ph.; from half a fl. ounce each of 
the above solution and alcohol, and thirty- 
nine fl. ounces of distilled water, Brit. Ph.; 
from one part of above solution and forty- 
nine parts of distilled water, Ph. Germ. 



Vegeto-Mineral "Water of Goulard. 
R. Solution of subacetate 

of lead, one part. 

Alcohol (.921), four parts. 

Distilled water, forty-five parts. 

Mix. Ph. Germ, and Paris Codex. 

Used in fomentations, lotions, and cata- 



plasms, and may always be replaced by the 
diluted solution of the subacetate. 



Acetate of Lead Gargle. 
R. Acetate of lead, sixty grains. 

Extract of opium, six grains. 

Rose water, eight fl. ounces. 

S} T rup of mulberries, one ounce. 
Mix. Pierquin. 



R 



Subacetate of Lead Gargle. 

Solution of subacetate 

of lead, half a fl. drachm. 

Barley- water, one pint. 

Simple syrup, one ounce. 

Mix. Radius. 



Acetate of Lead Mixture. 

R. Acetate of lead, half an ounce. 
Sulphate of iron, three drachms. 
Vinegar, 
Alcohol, each, two fl. ounces. 



Rose water, 



six fl. drachms. 



Dissolve the acetate in the vinegar with a 
gentle heat; add the sulphate, and then 
the alcohol, mixed with the rose water. 
Highly praised in the sweats and colliqua- 
tive diarrhoea of phthisis ; in gonorrhoea 
and nocturnal emissions. Gormann. 



Goulard's Balsam. 

R. Oil of turpentine, at will. 

Heat, and gradually add 

Acetate of lead, sufficient. 

Constantly stirring, till no more will dis- 
solve ; let rest, and decant while hot. 
Used as an application to eroding and 
painful ulcers. Van Mons. 



Acetate of Lead Cerate. 
R. Acetate of lead, four parts. 

Soap, one part and a half. 

Mix thoroughly in a heated mortar, and 
add 

White wax, three parts. 

Previously melted with 



Olive oil, 



Mix well. 



three parts. 
Van Mons. 



Subacetate of Lead Cerate. 
(Goulard's Cerate.) 

R. Solution of subacetate 

of lead, two fl. ounces and a half. 
White wax, four troj-ounces. 



446 



PLUMEI ACETAS 



Olive oil, eight troyounces. 

Camphor, half a drachm. 

Melt the wax, and mix with seven ounces 
of the oil ; remove from fire, and when it 
begins to thicken, gradually add solution 
of subacetate of lead ; stir till cool, then 
add camphor, dissolved in rest of oil, and 
mix. U. S. Ph. 

The formula of Brit. Ph. is very similar, 
almond oil being used instead of olive oil. 

R. Yellow wax, eight parts. 

Lard, twenty-nine parts. 

Melt together; when nearly cool add 

Solution of subacetate 

of lead, three parts. 

Mix thoroughly. Ph. Germ. 

R. Simple cerate, three hundred 

and fifty grains. 

Olive oil, fifty grains. 

Goulard's extract, one fl. drachm 

and a half. 

Liniment of camphor, twelve 

grains. 
Mix thoroughly. For extemporaneous 
preparation. U. S. Ph. 



Liniment of Subacetate of Lead. 
R. Olive oil, three troyounces. 

Solution of subacetate 

of lead, two troyounces. 

Mix. V. S. Ph. 



R. Solution of sub- 
acetate of lead, 
Laudanum, 
Honey of roses, 
Conserve of roses, 

Mix. 



each, two fl. 
drachms. 

one ounce. 

Guy's Hosp. 



Injection of Acetate of Lead. 



R. Acetate of lead. 



ten grains, 
ten minims. 



Diluted acetic acid, 
Acetate of morphia, 

a quarter grain. 

Tepid water, four 11. ounces. 

Mix. In dysentery. Waring. 



Subacetate of Lead Injection. 
H. Solution of subacetate 

of lead, two fl. drachms. 

Distilled vinegar, eight fl. ounces. 

Rose water, twenty-four 11. ounces. 
Mix. In leucorrhcea. Young. 



Injection of Subacetate of Lead and 
Lime Water. 

R. Solution of subacetate 

of lead, thirty -four drops. 

Lime water, four fl. ounces. 

Olive oil, two fl. drachms. 

Mix, and shake whenever used. In inflam- 
mation of the prostate and urethra. Foy. 



Liniment for Milk Abscess. 

R. Olive oil, two ounces. 

Lead water, one drachm. 

Ether, two drachms. 

Laudanum, one drachm. 

Mix. A rag moistened with this liniment 
to be frequently applied to the inflamed 
part. Dewees. 



R. Acetate of lead, 
Distilled vinegar, 

Dissolve, and add 
Alcohol, 
Distilled water, 

Mix. To be applied as above. 



one drachm, 
two ounces. 



one ounce, 
five ounces. 

Clarke. 



Acetate of Lead Lotion. 

R. Diluted solution of subacetate 

of lead, one fl. ounce. 

Spirit of camphor, three fl. ounces. 
Water, one pint. 

Mix. As an application to old ulcers. 

Ellis. 



Subacetate of Lead Cataplasm. 
R. Common cataplasm, four ounces. 
Solution of subacetate 

of lead, one fl. ounce. 

Chloride of ammonium, 

half a drachm. 

Mix. As an application to indolent tumorsl 

Radius. 



Suppositories of Lead. 
R. Acetate of lead, thirty-six grains. 
Oil of theobroma, three hundred 
and twenty-four grains. 

Mix the acetate with sixty grains of the 
oil, ;id<l to Hie remainder previously melted, 
ami make twelve suppositories. U. S. Ph. 



Pile Ointment. 
R. Acetate of lead, fifteen grains. 

Burnt cork, half an ounce. 

Fresh butter, two ounces. 

Triturate well together. Bories. 



PLUMBI CAEBOJfAS 



447 



Acetate of Lead Ointment. 

R. Acetate of lead, 

Extract of belladonna, 

each, one part. 

Lard, six parts. 

Mix. As an application to fissures of the 
anus. Foy. 

R. Acetate of lead, in fine 

powder, twelve grains. 

Benzoinated lard, one ounce. 

Mix thoroughly. Brit. Ph. 



Nutritive Ointment. 

R. Litharge, five drachms. 

Vinegar, three drachms. 

Olive oil (or lard), 

thirteen drachms. 
Rub well together. Maryland Coll. Ph. 



Subacetate of Lead Ointment. 

R. Cerate of subacetate of lead, 

Poplar ointment, each, one ounce. 

Powdered camphor, two drachms. 

Mix. In inflamed acne and other cutaneous 

affections. St. Marie. 

R. Solution of subacetate of lead, 
White wax, each, one drachm. 
Olive oil, one ounce. 

Mix. As an application in ophthalmia. 

Armstrong. 



Plaster of Acetate of Lead. 

R. Acetate of lead, one drachm. 

Sulphur, half an ounce. 

Resin, two ounces. 

Melt together. As an application to ve- 
nereal buboes. Bories. 



Subacetate of Lead Plaster. 

R. Olive oil, fourteen fl. ounces. 

Yellow wax, twenty-four ounces. 

Melt together, and add 

Solution of subacetate 

of lead, one fl. ounce. 

Camphor, rubbed in a 

little oil, half a drachm. 

Mix well, and spread on linen or skin. It 
has been much praised in rheumatic pains 
and indolent ulcers. Van Mons. 



PLUMBI CARBONAS 

Carbonate of Lead. 
(White Lead. — Ceruse.) 



Camphorated Powder of Carbonate 
of Lead. 

R. Carbonate of lead, ten drachms. 

Starch, two drachms. 

Sarcocolla, ") , 

Gum Arabic, [■ eacn ' , . 
" tragacanth, \ 0ne drachm ' 

Camphor, half a drachm. 

Triturate together. As an application to 
ulcers. Giannini. 



Ointment of Carbonate of Lead. 
R. Carbonate of lead, sixty grains. 
Simple ointment, four hundred 
and twenty grains. 
Rub the carbonate with the ointment grad- 
ually added, and mix thoroughly. 

U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. 
Parts Codex directs one part of the car- 
bonate to five parts of benzoinated lard ; 
Ph. Germ., one part of carbonate to two 
parts of lard. 

As an application to excoriated or ulcer- 
ated surfaces. 

R. Carbonate of lead, six ounces. 

Camphor, one ounce. 

Olibanum, two ounces. 

Rose oil, three ounces. 

Whites of eggs, seven. 

Triturate together. Same uses as above. 

Harrer. 

R. Carbonate of lead, one ounce. 
Litharge, two drachms. 

Armenian bole, one ounce. 

Honey of roses, half an ounce. 
Lard, sufficient. 

Triturate together. As a dressing to phag- 
edenic and cancerous ulcers. Swediaur. 

R. Carbonate of lead, one ounce. 

Opium, one drachm. 

Lard, half an ounce. 

Anodyne balsam, sufficient. 

Mix. As an application in facial neuralgia. 

Fouquier. 

Camphorated Carbonate of Lead 
Ointment. 

R. Ointment of carbonate 



of lead, 
Camphor, 



Mix. 



twenty parts. 

one part. 

Ph. Germ. 



448 



PLUMBI CHLOEIDUM. — PLUMBI NITRAS 



Plaster of Carbonate of Lead. 
R. Litharge, ten parts. 

Olive oil, twenty-five parts. 

Boil until dissolved, then add 

Carbonate of lead, eighteen parts. 

Boil to form plaster, and mix thoroughly. 

Ph. Germ. 

R. Carbonate of lead, one pound. 
Olive oil, two pints. 

Yellow wax, - four ounces. 

Lead plaster, one pound and a half. 
Powdered orris root, nine ounces. 

Boil together the oil and carbonate of lead, 
adding a little water, and constantly stir- 
ring, till they are perfectly incorporated, 
then add the wax and plaster ; when these 
are melted, mix in the orris, and stir well. 
U. S. Ph. 1830. 
As a substitute for Mahy's plaster, and 
a good application to inflamed and excori- 
ated surfaces, as bedsores, etc. 



PLUMBI CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride of Lead. 

R. Acetate of lead, nineteen ounces. 

Chloride of sodium, six ounces. 

Dissolve the two salts separately, the former 
in three pints of boiling, distilled water, 
the latter in one pint of distilled water ; 
mix the solutions, and wash the precipitate 
with distilled water. Lond. Ph. 1836. 



Ointment of Chloride of Lead. 
R. Chloride of lead, one drachm. 

Simple cerate, one ounce. 

Mix. As an application in cancerous ulcer- 
ations. Tuson. 



Lotion of Chloride of Lead. 
R. Chloride of lead, one drachm. 
Water, one pint. 

Dissolve. As a wash to cancerous ulcer- 
ations, and in painful neuralgic tumors. 

Tuson. 



PLUMBI IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Lead. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 

Nitrate of lead, 
each, four troyounces. 

Distilled wafer, sufficient. 

Dissolve the nitrate in a pint and a half, 



and the iodide in half a pint of the water, 
mix, w r ash the precipitate well, and dry. 

U. 8. Ph. and Brit. Ph. 



Pills of Iodide of Lead. 

R. Iodide of lead, three or four grains. 
Conserve of roses, one scruple. 
Mix, and form twelve pills. One, night 
and morning, gradually increased, in scro- 
fulous affections. Foy. 



Powder of Iodide of Lead. 

R. Iodide of lead, 
Powdered foxglove, 

each, six grains. 

Alcoholic extract of 

stramonium, two grains. 

Sugar, one drachm. 

Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. 
One four times a day. Gassicourt. 



Plaster of Iodide of Lead. 

R. Soap plaster, 

Resin plaster, each, four ounces. 



Iodide of lead, 



one ounce. 



Melt the plasters together, add the finely 
powdered iodide, and mix intimately. 

Brit. Ph. 



Ointment of Iodide of Lead. 

R. Iodide of lead, sixty grains. 

Simple ointment, four hundred 

and twenty grains. 

Mix thoroughly. As an application to in- 
dolent and scrofulous swellings. 

U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. 

Paris Codex directs the ingredients in 

the proportion 1 : 9. 



PLUMBI NITRAS 
Nitrate of Lead. 



Solution of Nitrate of Lead. 
R. Nitrate of lead, one troj-ounce. 
Water, eight fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. This is Ledoyen's disinfecting 
fluid ; diluted with water, it furnishes an 
astringent lotion. 



Glycerite of Nitrate of Lead. 

R. Nitrate of lead, ten grains. 

Water, two fl. drachms. 

Glycerin, six fl. drachms. 

Dissolve, and mix. In sore and fissure* 

nipples. J. G. Wilson 



PLUMBI OXIDUM 



449 



PLUMBI OXIDUM 

Litharge. 



Lead Plaster.— Diachylon. 
R. Litharge, in fine powder, 

thirty troyounces. 
Olive oil, fifty-six troyounces. 
Water, sufficient. 

Eub the litharge with half the oil, add the 
remainder and half a pint of water, boil 
together till a plaster is formed, adding 
from time to time a little boiling water. 

U. S. Ph. 
Brit. Ph. makes lead plaster by boiling 
four pounds of litharge, one gallon (imp. 
meas.) of olive oil, and seventy ounces of 
water ; Ph. Germ, by boiling equal weights 
of litharge, olive oil, and lard with a little 
water. 



Soft Lead Plaster. 

R. Lead plaster, three parts. 

Lard, two parts. 
Suet, 

Yellow wax, each, one part. 

Melt together, and strain. This is a lead 

cerate. Ph. Germ. 



Lead Cerate. 
R. Lead plaster, six parts. 

White wax, half a part. 

Melt, mix, and add 

Olive oil, two parts and a half. 
Van Mons. 



Lead Ointment. 



ten parts. 



each, five parts. 



R. Olive oil, 

Lard, 

Butter, 

Mutton fat, 

Yellow wax, 

Litharge, 

Heat the oil, fats, and wax together, till 
they emit fumes ; gradually add the litharge; 
stir constantly, till the mixture assumes a 
dark-brown color, and add 

Pitch, one part. 

Strain. Paris Codex. 

This preparation is much used in France, 
under the name of Onguent de la Mere, as 
a maturant to buboes, abscesses, etc. 



Compound Lead Ointment. 
R. Lead plaster, three pounds. 

Olive oil, eighteen fl. ounces. 

29 



Melt together, and add 

Prepared chalk, six ounces, 

Diluted acetic acid, six fl. ounces, 

and stir till cold. Lond. Ph. 



R. Lead plaster, 

Linseed oil, each, 
Melt together, and stir. 
ointment.) 



one part. 

(Hebra's lead 
Ph. Germ. 



Diapalma Plaster. 

R. Lead plaster, eight pounds. 

White wax, eight ounces. 

Melt by a gentle heat, and add 

Sulphate of zinc, four ounces, 
dissolved in a little water; continue the 
heat, constantly stirring, till all moisture is 
evaporated. Paris Codex. 



Gaulthier's Plaster. 

R. Diapalma plaster, twelve parts. 
Olive oil, 

White wax, each, one part. 

Turpentine, two parts. 

Melt the first three articles together, with 
a gentle heat, and add the turpentine. 

Guibourt. 



Baynton's Adhesive Paster. 

R. Lead plaster, one pound. 

Resin, six drachms. 

Melt together, and spread on muslin. 

Beasley. 



Lead Cataplasm. 

R. Flaxseed meal, 

Arrowroot, each, two ounces. 

Water, 



Lead ointment. 



eleven fl. ounces, 
one ounce. 



Mix, and heat to a proper consistence. As 
a maturating application. B6ral. 



Banyer's Ointment. 

R. Litharge, two ounces. 

Burnt alum, 

Calomel, each, one ounce 

and a half. 

Lard, two pounds. 

Venice turpentine, half a pound. 

Mix. As an application in porrigo. 

Cazenave fy Schedel. 



450 PLUMBI OXIDUM RUBRUM, — PODOPHYLLUM 



PLUMBI OXIDUM RUBRUM. 

Red Lead. 



Red Lead Plaster. 
R. Yellow wax, 

Suet, each, one hundred 
Olive oil, forty 

Melt, and when nearly cool add the 
ing, previously triturated together :- 

Red lead, in fine powder, 

one hundred 
Camphor, three 

Olive oil, sixty 

Mix and pour into paper moulds. 

Ph. 



parts, 
parts, 
follow- 



parts. 
parts, 
parts. 

Germ. 



Black Plaster. 

R . Red lead, two parts. 

Olive oil, four parts. 
Mix, and heat till it assumes a dark-brown 
color, and add 

Yellow wax, one part. 

Melt, and mix. Ph. Germ. 



Nuremberg (Universal) Plaster. 
R. Black plaster, one hundred parts. 

Camphor, one part. 

Melt the plaster, add the camphor previ- 
ously dissolved in a little olive oil, and 
pour into paper moulds to harden. 

Ph. Germ. 



PLUMBI SACCHARAS. 

Saccharate of Lead. 

R. Mix one part of sugar with two 
parts of nitric acid, diluted with 
ten of water, and apply heat as 
long as any reaction takes place ; 
neutralize with chalk, filter, and 
add to the filtered solution ace- 
tate of lead as long as ai^ pre- 
cipitate is formed; wash this, 
and dry it. 

Dcasley. 



Nitro-Saccharate of Lead. 
R. Saccharate of lead, at will. 

Dissolve in nitric acid, dilated with ninc- 
teen parts of water, filter, evaporate, and 

set aside to crystallize. 



Solution of Nitro-Saccharate of Lead. 
R. Nitro-saccharate of lead, five grs. 

Saccharic acid, twenty-five drops. 

Water, five ounces. 

Dissolve. Proposed as a solvent for phos- 
phatic calculi. Hoskins. 



PLUMBI TANNAS. 

Tannate of Lead. 
R. Strong infusion of galls, at will. 
Solution of acetate of lead, 

sufficient. 
Add the solution of the acetate, drop by 
drop, till it no longer causes a precipitate ; 
wash this, and dry it. Fantonetti. 



Ilosk/vs. 



Liniment of Tannate of Lead. 

R. Decoction of oak bark, forty parts. 
Solution of acetate of lead, 

sufficient. 
Add the solution of lead to the decoction 
by degrees, till it causes no precipitate ; 
filter, and when the. moist precipitate weighs 
twelve parts, add 

Alcohol, one part. 

Recommended in bed-sores. To be made 
extemporaneously. Ph. Germ. 



Ointment of Tannate of Lead. 
R. Recent tannate of lead, 

twelve parts. 
Lard, thirty parts. 

Mix, As an application to bed-sores. 

Tott. 

R. Oak bark, cut, sixteen parts. 

Distilled water, eighty parts. 

Digest for two hours, strain, and add 
Solution of subacetate of lead, 

eight parts. 
Collect the precipitate, press lightly, to 
reduce its weight to eight parts ; then mix 
well with 

Glycerin ointment (plasma), 

five parts. 
As an application to excoriations. 

Ph. Germ. 



PODOPHYLLUM. 
May Apple. 

This is the rhizome of the Podophyllum 
peltatum, a native, herbaceous plant, grow- 
ing in damp situations, having two large 
peltate, palmate leaves. 



POLYSALA RUBELLA. — POTASSIUM. 



451 



Sex. Syst. Poly and. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Berberidacepe. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 722. Griffith, Med. Bot. 115. 

The dried root is about as thick as a quill, 
of a blackish-brown color externally, and 
somewhat corrugated ; within, it is of a 
dirty white ; it has a faint, but unpleasant 
odor, and a bitterish, somewhat sweetish 
taste. It is a purgative of the same charac- 
ter as jalap, and may be given in the same 
combinations. Dose, ten grains to a scruple. 



Extract of May Apple. 
R. May-apple root, in powder, 

No. 50, twelve troyounces. 

Alcohol, two pints. 

Dilated alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement, using first the al- 
cohol, and afterwards diluted alcohol, four 
pints of tincture, keeping the first two pints 
separate. Distil and evaporate the two 
portions separately until they have the 
consistence of thin honey ; then mix them 
and evaporate to the proper consistence. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, five to ten grains. 



Resin of May Apple. 
(Podophyllin.) 

R. May-apple root, in powder, 

No. 60, sixteen troyounces. 

Muriatic acid, two fl. drachms. 

Alcohol, 

Water, each, sufficient. 

Displace the powder with the alcohol until 
twenty-four fl. ounces of tincture have been 
obtained, or until the percolate ceases to 
produce turbidity when dropped into water. 
Distil until reduced to six fl. ounces, add 
this, with constant stirring, to seven pints 
of water containing the acid, and set aside 
to settle. Decant the clear liquid, wash the 
precipitate twice with water, collect it, and 
dry. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one-quarter to one grain. 



Pills of Podophyllin and May Apple. 

R. Podophyllin, five grains. 

Extract of May apple, half a 

drachm. 
Mix, and divide into ten pills. Dose, one 
or two pills. Thomas. 



Pills of Podophyllin and Iron. 
R. Podophyllin, 
White turpentine, 

each, half a drachm. 

Carbonate of iron, one drachm. 
Mix well, and divide into thirty pills. 

Eel. Med, Jour. 



Pills of Podophyllin and Belladonna. 
R. Resin of podophyllum, two grains. 
Extract of belladonna, 
Powdered belladonna root, 

each, one grain. 

Mix, and make six pills. One at bedtime. 

Trousseau. 



Compound Pills of Podophyllin. 
R. Podophyllin, } each, 

Scammony, > one 

Gamboge, in powder, ) drachm. 
Rub together for half an hour, and add 

Castile soap, half a drachm. 

Beat into a mass, and divide into one hun- 
dred and twenty pills. Eel. Med. Jour. 



POLYGALA RUBELLA. 

Bitter Polygala. 

Besides the root of Polygala senega, several 
species have been used in medicine, in Eu- 
rope P. amara and P. vulgaris, and in this 
country P. rubella. Of these species the 
entire plants are usually collected. They 
have a bitter, somewhat sweetish and slight- 
ly acrid taste, and have been employed as 
tonics, and in larger doses as diaphoretics, 
mainly iu the form of infusion. 



POTASSIUM. 

Potassium 

Is a soft, silver-white metal, readily ox- 
idizable by the action of the air ; when 
thrown on water, it takes fire and burns 
with a rose-colored flame, combining with 
oxygen, and forming potassa, which is dis- 
solved in the water. It must be kept in 
liquids into whose composition no oxygen 
enters, as naphtha, etc. It is not used in 
medicine, but its numerous compounds are 
highly important. 

R. Fused carbonate of 

potassium, one pound. 

Iron filings, three quarters of 

a pound. 

Powdered charcoal, one pound. 

Mix, and introduce into a gun-barrel or iron 
bottle, placed in a furnace so made that the 
flame of a very strong fire may surround it, 
and maintain every part at a* uniform heat 
approaching to whiteness ; the gun-barrel 
or bottle is to be connected by an iron tube 
with a copper receiver partly filled with 
naphtha and surrounded by ice ; the heat is 
to be gradually raised until the requisite 
temperature is reached, when the potassium 
will distil over. Curaudau. 



452 



POTASSA 



POTASSA. 

Caustic Potassa. 

B. Solution of potassa, one gallon. 

Evaporate quickly, in a clean iron vessel, 
over the fire, till ebullition ceases and the 
potassa melts. Pour into moulds, and keep 
in well-stopped bottles. U. S. Ph. 

A powerful escharotic, used to form issues 
and in opening abscesses. 



Solution of Caustic Potassa. 
B. Caustic potassa, one drachm 

and a half. 
Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. As a rubefacient in tetanus, to 
be applied to the spine. Jos. Hartshorne. 



Potassa with Lime. 
B. Potassa, 

Lime, each, one ounce. 

Rub together into a powder, and keep in a 
well-stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. 

Used as the above, but is slower in pro- 
ducing an effect. It is to be made into a 
paste with a little alcohol. 



Solution of Potassa. 

{Sp. gr. 1.065.) 

B. Bicarbonate of 

potassium, fifteen troyounces. 

Lime, nine troyounces. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Dissolve the bicarbonate in half a gallon 
of the water, and heat until effervescence 
ceases. Mix the lime with four pints of 
the water, add boiling hot to the hot solu- 
tion of the carbonate, boil the mixture for 
ten minutes, transfer to a muslin strainer, 
drain, and wash precipitate with distilled 
water to make the filtrate measure seven 
pints ; and keep in well-stopped bottles of 
green glass. U. S. Ph. 

B. Caustic potassa, one troj^ounce. 
Distilled water, one pint. 

Dissolve. This solution very nearly rep- 
resents the above. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, ten to fifteen minims. 

Brit. I y h. has a solution of 1.058 sp.gr. 
containing twenty-seven grains of caustic 
potassa in the fl. ounce. The solution of 
Ph. Germ, contains one-third of its weight 
of caustic potassa, and has the sp. gr. 1.332. 



Lithontriptic Solution of Caustic 
Potassa. 

B. Calcined carbonate of 

potassium, half a pound. 



Burnt oyster shells, 
Boiling water, 



one pound 
and a half, 
eight pints 
and a half. 



Mix, and let rest for twenty-four hours, and 
then filter. One fl. drachm three times a 
day, in flaxseed tea, adding fifteen grains 
of magnesia to each dose. Saunders. 



Saviard's Stimulant Lotion. 

B. Caustic potassa, two drachms. 

Camphor, two scruples. 

Sugar, two ounces. 

Water, two pints. 

Mix. As an application to indolent ulcers. 

Foy. 



Collyrium of Caustic Potassa. 

B. Caustic potassa, one grain. 

Distilled water, one ounce. 

Dissolve. A drop or two to be introduced 
into the eye, to remove specks on the 
cornea. Gimbernat. 

B. Caustic potassa, 
Extract of opium, 
Distilled water, 

Dissolve, and filter. In chronic ophthal- 
mia. Hamb. Ph. 



one gram. 

four grains. 

four fl. ounces. 



Mixture of Caustic Potassa. 

B. Tincture of caustic 

potassa, half an ounce. 

Volatile tincture of 

guaiacum, two drachms. 

Laudanum, half a drachm. 

Mix. Twenty drops, three times a day, in 
gout. Grcefe. 



Injection of Caustic Potassa. 



B. Caustic potassa, 
Chamomile water, 

Laudanum, 

Mix. As an injection into the ear, in 
deafness. Rust. 



half a grain, 
one ounce 
and a half, 
five drops. 



B. Caustic potassa, 
Distilled water, 



two grains, 
one ounce. 



Dissolve. As an injection at the commence- 
ment of gonorrhoea. Girtanner. 



POTASSA CHLOEINATA. — POTASSII ACETAS. 453 



POTASSA CHLORINATA, 
Chlorinated Potassa. 



Solution of Chlorinated Potassa. 
R. Carbonate of potassium, one part. 
Water, ten parts. 

Dissolve, and pass a current of chlorine gas 
through the solution, till it is saturated, and 
preserve in well-stopped bottles. This is 
known as Eau de Javelle, and is princi- 
cipally used for bleaching, but may be em- 
ployed as a disinfectant, like Labarraque's 
liquid. Guibourt. 



POTASH ACETAS. 

Acetate of Potassium. 

R Acetic acid, one pint. 

Bicarbonate of 

potassium, sufficient 

to saturate. To be added gradually ; filter ; 
evaporate cautiously to dryness, by means 
of a sand-bath ; keep iu closely-stopped 
bottles. U. S. Ph. 

A diuretic, in doses of a scruple to a 
drachm ; as a laxative, in doses of two or 
three drachms. 



Scillitic Acetate of Potassium. 
R. Carbonate of 

potassium, half an ounce. 

Vinegar of squill, twelve fl. ounces. 
Evaporate to the consistence of honev, and 
add 

Alcohol (.842), six fl. ounces. 

Decant, after digesting for a few days. 
Dose, forty to sixty drops, in some demul- 
cent fluid, in dropsy and asthma. Keup. 



Bolus of Acetate of Potassium. 
R. Acetate of potassium, one scruple. 
Conserve of pot 

marigold, sufficient. 

Mix. To be taken in the morning, for 
some days, to retard the secretion of milk. 

St. Marie. 



Compound Pills of Acetate of 
Potassium. 



R 



each, 
one part. 



Acetate of potassium, 

Ammoniac, 

Pills of aloes and 

myrrh, 

Soap, two parts. 

Simple syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and make pills of five grains. 

Van Mons. 



Conserve with Acetate of Potassium. 
R. Acetate of potassium, 

half an ounce. 
Sulphate of sodium, one drachm. 
Juice of scurvy grass,') , , 

fumitory. '(. «"*.**<> 



dandelion, ) 



ounces. 



Sugar, sufficient. 

Mix, and form conserve. A teaspoonful, 
two or three times a day, in obstructions 
of the bowels. Bones. 

R. Acetate of potassium, 

Powdered burnt sponge, 

each, two drachms. 

Calomel, twelve grains. 

Sulphuret of antimony, 

one drachm and a half. 

Jalap, sixteen grains. 

Sulphur, one drachm. 

Simple syrup, sufficient. 

Mix. Dose, twelve to twenty-four grains, 
twice a day, in scrofula. Baumes. 



Liquid Acetate of Potassium. 
R. Acetic acid, one hundred parts. 
Bicarbonate of potassium, 

sufficient. 
Neutralize the acid and add enough dis- 
tilled water to make the whole weight one 
hundred and forty-two parts. Its sp. gr. 
is 1.176, and three parts of it correspond to 
one part of dry acetate. Ph. Germ. 

R. Acetate of potassium, one part. 
Distilled water, two parts. 

Dissolve. Amster. Ph. 

Dose, forty to eighty drops, in an appro- 
priate vehicle, as a diuretic. 



Mixture of Liquid Acetate of 
Potassium. 

R. Liquid acetate of potassium, 

two ounces. 
Extract of Peruvian bark, 

two drachms. 
" cascarilla, one drachm. 

Tincture of aloes 

and myrrh, one ounce. 

Mix. In intermittent fevers, complicated 
with obstruction and dropsy ; in doses of 
thirty drops, every two hours during the 
apyrexia. Bortes. 

R. Liquid acetate of 

potassium, four ounces. 

Extract of centaury, two drachms. 



454 



POTASSII AESENIA8. 



Sulphuric ether, 
Syrup of kermes, 



twenty drops, 
two ounces. 



Mix. In dropsy and obstructions. In 
doses of thirty drops. Saunders. 



Tincture of Acetate of Potassium. 
R. Acetate of potassium, two ounces. 
Alcohol, four fl. ounces. 

Digest for some days, and filter. Dose, 
thirty to sixty drops. Bruns. Ph. 



Mixture of Acetate of Potassium. 

R. Acetate of potassium,) each, 

Extract of dandelion, v half an 

" hemlock, ) ounce. 

Fennel water, six ounces. 

Syrup of marsh mallow, one ounce. 

Mix. Two teaspoonfuls, every four hours, 
in jaundice. Quarin. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, 

fifteen grains. 

Distilled vinegar, sufficient 

to dissolve ; add to the solution 

Water, half an ounce. 

Mint water, one ounce. 

Pimento water, 

Vinegar of squill, 

each, one drachm. 

Simple syrup, three drachms. 

Mix. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm, 
every six hours, in dropsy. Milman. 

R. Arnica root, one drachm. 

Boiling water, sufficient 

to obtain four ounces of infusion ; add 
Carbonate of potassium, saturated 
with vinegar of squill, 

half a drachm. 
Syrup of orange flowers, 

half an ounce. 

Mix. A spoonful every two hours in 
dropsy. Wendt. 

R. Acetate of potassium, 
Oxymel of squill, 

each, one drachm. 

Linden water, four (Irachms. 

Wine of opium, fifteen drops. 

Syrup of marsh mallow, 

one ounce. 
Mix. In spoonful doses, as a diuretic and 
sedative. Pierquin. 



POTASSII ARSENITIS 
LIQUOR. 

Arsenical, or Fowler's Solution. 

R. Arsenious acid, in small 
fragments, 
Bicarbonate of 

potassium, each, sixty-four 

grains. 
Distilled water, sufficient. 

Compound spirit of lavender, 

half a fl. ounce. 

Boil the arsenious acid and bicarbonate of 
potassium with half a fl. ounce of the water, 
till the acid is entirely dissolved, add twelve 
fl. ounces of water, then the spirit of 
lavender, and afterwards, sufficient distilled 
water to make it measure a pint. U. 8. Ph. 

Fowler's solution of Paris Codex contains, 
in one hundred parts, that of Ph. Germ, in 
ninety parts, of the liquid, one part of arse- 
nious acid. 

Used in the same cases as arsenious acid, 
especially in intermittent fever. Each fl. 
drachm contains half a grain of arsenious 
acid. Dose, about ten drops, two or three 
times a day. 



Mixture of Fowler's Solution. 
R. Fowler's solution, sixty drops. 

Laudanum, thirty drops. 

Compound spirit of lavender, 

one fl. drachm. 

Cinnamon water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful for an adult, 
a teaspoonful for a child, every two or 
three hours. When given in this form, 
Fowler's solution is less apt to disagree 
with the stomach than if administered in 
the undiluted state. Ellis. 



Mixture of Iodine and Arsenic. 

R. Lugol's solution, two fl. drachms. 
Fowler's solution, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. Dose, five drops, three times daily. 

Ellis. 



POTASSII ARSENIAS. 

' Arseniate of Potassium. 

R. White arsenic, 

Nitre, each, one ounce. 

Pulverize separately, mix, and introduce 
into an earthenware retort ; heat to redness, 
as long as nitrous fumes are evolved; let 
cool, dissolve the residuum in four pints of 
boiling distilled water, evaporate, and crys- 
tallize Dub. Ph. 1806. 
Dose, one-sixteenth to one-eighth of a 
grain. 



POTASSII BITAKTEAS 



455 



Mixture of Arseniate of Potassium. 
R. Arseniate of potassium, 

one-fifth of a grain. 

Mint water, three ounces. 

Simple syrup, half an ounce. 

Mix. In spoonful doses, in the apyrexia 

of intermittents. Foy. 



POTASSII BICARBONAS. 

Bicarbonate of Potassium. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, 

forty-eight troy ounces. 
Distilled water, ten pints. 

Dissolve the carbonate in the water, and 
pass carbonic acid through the solution till 
it is fully saturated. Then filter and evapo- 
rate, that crystals may form, taking care 
that the heat does not exceed 160° F. Pour 
off the supernatant liquor, and dry the crys- 
tals on bibulous paper. Carbonic acid is 
obtained from marble, by the addition of 
dilute sulphuric acid. U. 8. Ph. 

Properties are the same as those of the 
carbonate, but it generally agrees better 
with the stomach. Dose, twenty grains to 
half a drachm. 



Effervescing Powders of Bicarbonate 
of Potassium. 

R. Bicarbonate of potassium, 

six hundred and forty grains. 
Divide into sixteen powders. 

R. Tartaric acid, one ounce. 

Divide into sixteen powders. 

Keep the acid and alkaline powders in 
papers of different colors. Ed. Ph. 

Usually made with the bicarbonate of 
sodium. 



Effervescing Solution of Bicarbonate 
of Potassium. 

R. Bicarbonate of potassium, 

thirty grains. 
Distilled water, one pint (imp.). 
Dissolve, and pass washed carbonic acid 
into the solution to give a pressure of seven 
atmospheres; keep in a well-stopped 
vessel. Brit. Ph. 

R. Bicarbonate of potassium, 

twenty grains. 
Mineral water (of the shops), 

half a pint. 
Mix, and drink in a state of effervescence. 

Pereira. 



Mixture of Bicarbonate of Potassium. 
R. Bicarbonate of potassium, 

ten to fifteen grains. 

Seltzer water, six fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. To be taken three or four times 

a day, as an antilithic. Ellis. 

R. Bicarbonate of potassium, 

one drachm. 
Mint water, six fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. A spoonful every hour — has 
been recommended in cholera. Ammon. 



POTASSII BISULPHAS. 

BlSULPHATE OF POTASSIUM. 

R. Salt remaining after 

distillation of nitric 

acid, two pounds. 

Sulphuric acid, one pound. 

Boiling water, (imp.) six pints. 

Dissolve the salt in the water, add the acid, 
and mix. Boil down the solution, and set 
aside, that crystals may form. 

Lond. Ph. 1836. 
Aperient and tonic, in doses of one to two 
drachms, properly diluted. 



Effervescing Draught of Bisulphate of 
Potassium. 

R. Bisulphate of potassa, 

Carbonate of soda, each, one 

drachm. 
Dissolve separately, in two fl. ounces of 
water, each ; mix, and take whilst effer- 
vescing. Barker. 



Disinfecting Powder. 
R. Acid sulphate of potassium, 

four hundred and ten parts. 

Subacetate of lead, seventy parts. 

Manganese, thirty parts. 

Reduce these, separately, to fine powder, 

and when wanted, mix in a proper vessel. 

Keist. 



POTASSII BITARTRAS. 

bltartrate of potassium. 
Cream of Tartar. 

This is cathartic, diuretic, and cooling. 
The dose is from one to two drachms, as an 
aperient ; and from half an ounce to one 
ounce, as a hydragogue purgative. 



4,56 



POTASSII BITAETEAS 



Dentifrice of Bitartrate of Potassium. 
R. Bitartrate of potassium, five 

troyounces. 
Burned alum, two drachms and 

a half. 

Cochineal, powdered, two drachms. 

Otto of roses, six drops. 

Mix. Charlard. 

R. Bitartrate of potassium, 

six parts. 
Powdered shell-lac, eight parts. 
" cuttlefish bone, 

" orris root, 

each, eight parts. 

I £ ™*' )each, 

mlstichj tW0 P artS - 
Triturate well together. Gnibourt. 

R. Bitartrate of potassium, 

Rhatany, equal parts. 

Orris root, sufficient 

to give an agreeable odor. Triturate well 
together. Ferrara Ph. 



Powder of Bitartrate of Potassium. 
R. Bitartrate of potassium, 

three ounces. 
Nitrate of potassium, 

three drachms. 



Sugar, 



four ounces. 



Mix. Dose, one to two drachms, in whey, 
as a laxative. St. Marie. 

R. Bitartrate of potassium, 

ninety grains. 

Powdered squill, two grains. 

u . digitalis, one grain. 

" ginger, five grains. 

Mix. Make a powder, to be taken every 

eight hours. In ascites and anasarca. 

A. T. Thomson. 

R. Bitartrate of potassium, 

thirty grains. 

Powdered squill, two grains. 

" ginger, four grains. 

Mix. Make a powder, to be taken every 
eight hours. Useful in ascites. 

A. T. Thomson. 

R. Bitartrate of potassium, 

six drachms. 
Powdered jalap, one drachm. 

Mix. and divide into six powders. Give 

one powder every three hours, in dropsical 

requiring purging. Chapman. 



Electuary of Bitartrate of Potassium. 
R. Bitartrate of potassium, 

one ounce. 
Powdered ginger, 
Conserve of roses, 

each, one drachm. 

Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. 

Mix. To be taken in spoonful doses, as a 

hydragogue purgative. Monro. 



Oxymel of Bitartrate of Potassium. 
R. Bitartrate of potassium, one part. 
Clarified honey, two parts. 

Mix. As a purgative in bilious fever and 
dropsies. Sivediaur. 



Solution of Bitartrate of Potassium. 
R. Bitartrate of potassium, 

one ounce. 

Water, two pints. 

Dissolve. To be taken freely during the 

day, as a diuretic. Ellis. 



Compound Solution of Bitartrate of 
Potassium. 

R. Bitartrate of potassium, 

two drachms. 

Manna, two ounces. 

Water, eight ounces. 

Lemon juice, half an ounce. 

Mix, and clarify with the white of an egg-, 
infuse a small quantity of orange-peel in 
the fluid, and strain on cooling. A plea- 
sant laxative. Taddei. 



Mixture of Bitartrate of Potassium. 

R. Bitartrate of potassium, 

two scruples. 
Antimonial wine, 
Vinegar of squill, 

each, half a drachm. 

Parsley water, one ounce and 

a half. 

Sj r rup of seneka, six drachms. 

Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, in 

dropsy supervening on scarlatina. Vogt. 

R. Bitartrate of potassium, 

half an ounce. 

Barley water, two pounds. 

Dissolve, and add 

Brandy, one to two ounces. 

Much praised as a diuretic in dropsies. 

Milman. 



POTASSII BORO-TAKTRAS. 



457 



R. Bitartrate of potassium, 

one ounce. 

Borax, two drachms. 

Boiling water, sufficient 

to dissolve. To ten ounces of the cooled 
solution add 

Nitrate of potassium, 

two drachms. 

Ox}inel, two ounces. 

Mix. Beasley. 

R. Bitartrate of potassium, 
Extract of horehound, 

each, two drachms. 

Balm water, three ounces. 

Mix. One-half to be taken morning and 
evening, in hemorrhoids, with constipation. 

Augustin. 



Imperial Drink. 

R. Bitartrate of potassium, 

half an ounce. 
Lemon, cut into slices, one. 

White sugar, half a pound. 



Water, 



three pints. 



Mix. Let stand for half an hour, and 
strain. A pleasant, cooling drink. Gray. 



POTASSII BORAS. 

Borate of Potassium. 



R. Boracic acid, 



six parts. 



Bicarbonate of potassium, 

five parts. 
Mix, and heat to redness in a crucible, dis- 
solve the residuum in water, filter, and 
evaporate to dryness. Dose, a few grains, 

Beasley. 



in calculous disorders. 



POTASSII BORO-TARTRAS. 

BORO-TARTRATE OP POTASSIUM. 

R. Powdered bitartrate of 

potassium, four ounces. 

Boracic acid, one ounce. 

Water, three pints. 

Mix, and put in a silver basin, and boil till 
most of tbe water is evaporated, and con- 
tinue the evaporation by a gentle heat, con- 
stantly stirring. When the matter has be- 
come thick, take it up in portions, flatten 
them, and dry in a stove ; reduce them to 
powder, and keep in well-closed bottles. 

Paris Codex. 



R. Borax, 

Boiling water, 



two parts, 
twenty parts. 



Dissolve, and digest with 

Purified cream of tartar, 

five parts. 

Filter and evaporate on a vapor-bath until 
it becomes a tenacious mass; place on paper, 
dry by a gentle heat, and rub to powder. 

Ph. Germ. 

This is known as soluble cream of tartar. 

It is purgative in about the same dose as 

cream of tartar. That made with borax is 

deliquescent. 



Powder of Boro-tartrate of 
Potassium. 

R. Cream of tartar, one ounce. 

Borax, three drachms. 

Sugar, two ounces. 

Mix, and divide into three powders ; one to 
be taken, in a glass of water, every half 
hour. Pierquin. 



Compound Pills of Boro-tartrate of 
Potassium. 

R. Boro-tartrate of potassium, 

one drachm and a half. 

Extract of buckbean, two ounces. 

Seneka snakeroot, two drachms. 

Colchicum, one drachm and a half. 
Mix, and make pills of two grains. Dose, 
six to twelve every two hours, as a hydra- 
gogue purgative. Augustin. 



Solution of Boro-tartrate of 
Potassium. 

R. Boro-tartrate of 

potassium, five drachms. 

Sugar, twenty drachms. 

Boiling water, 

twenty-seven troyounces. 
Dissolve. A laxative drink. 

Paris Codex. 



Mixture of Boro-tartrate of 
Potassium. 

R. Boro-tartrate of potassium, 

one ounce. 
Mint water, eight ounces. 

Spirit of nitrous ether, 

two drachms. 

Oxymel of squill, one ounce. 

Mix. Two spoonfuls- every two hours, as 

a diuretic. Selig. 

R. Boro-tartrate of 

potassium, half an ounce. 

Tartar emetic, one grain. 

Water, four ounces. 



458 POTASSII BEOMIDUM. — POTASSII CAEBONAS. 



Mix. In spoonful doses, in congestion of 
the head. Radius. 



Boro-tartrate of Potassium and 
Magnesium. 

R. Boro-tartrate of 

potassium, one part. 

Carbonate of magnesium, 

one-fourth part. 

Water, six parts. 

Dissolve the boro-tartrate in the water, sat- 
urate with the magnesia, evaporate care- 
fully, till reduced to a tenacious paste, 
which divide into small masses, and dry in 
a stove. Mailliere Renault. 



Mixture of Boro-tartrate of Potassium 
and Magnesium. 

R. Boro-tartrate of potassium 

and magnesium, thirty parts. 

Citric acid, two parts. 

Syrup of lemon, sixty parts. 

Warm water, three hundred parts. 
Dissolve. Mailliere Renault. 



POTASSII BROMIDUM. 

Bromide op Potassium. 

R. Bromine, two ounces. 

Iron filings, one ounce. 

Carbonate of potassium, 

two ounces and one drachm. 
Distilled water, four pints. 

To a pint and a half of the water, first add 
the iron and then the bromine. Set them 
aside for half an hour, occasionally stirring. 
Apply a gentle heat, and when the liquid 
becomes greenish, add the carbonate of po- 
tassium dissolved in a pint and a half of the 
water. Strain, and wash what remains in 
a pint of boiling distilled water, and again 
strain. Evaporate the mixed liquors to 
crystallization. U. &. Ph. 

Stimulant, anaphrodisiac, antispasmodic, 
sedative, and soporific; used in diseases of 
the nervous system in doses of five to thirty 
grains ; also as an alterative and resolvent, 
both externally and internally, in broncho- 
cele and scrofula, in doses of two to ten 
grains three times a day. 



Solution of Bromide of Potassium. 
R. Bromide of potassium, 

twelve grains. 
Lettuce water, three ounces. 

Syrup of marsh mallow, 

one ounce. 
Mix. To be given in tablespoouful doses, 
in the twenty-four hours, in scrofula. Foy. 



R. Bromide of potassium, 

two drachms. 
Syrup of orange-peel, 

one fl. ounce. 
Water, three fl. ounces. 

Mix. Dose, a dessertspoonful thrice daily 
in epileptiform convulsions and hysteria. 

Waring. 

R. Bromide of potassium, 

two drachms. 
Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce. 
Dissolve. A dessertspoonful in the even- 
ing, to be repeated at bedtime, in insomnia. 
Brown-Se'quard. 



Ointment of Bromide of Potassium. 

R. Bromide of potassium, 

thirty-four grains. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. In frictions on scrofulous swellings, 

and to tinea and tetter. Magendie. 



Compound Ointment of Bromide of 
Potassium. 

R. Bromide of potassium, 

twenty-four grains. 
Liquid bromine, 

six to twelve drops. 



Lard, 



Mix. 



one ounce. 
Magendie. 



POTASSII BICHROMAS. 

Bichromate op Potassium. 

Large crystals having a deep orange-red 
color, and a strongly acrid and metallic 
taste. It is not used medicinally, but is 
employed in preparing chromic acid and 
for oxidizing amylic alcohol to valerianic 
acid. It acts as an escharotic. 



POTASSII CARBONAS. 

Carbonate of Potassium. 

R. Impure carbonate of 

potassium, thirty-six troy ounces. 
Water, two pints and a half- 

Dissolve the impure carbonate in the water, 
filter, pour into a clean iron vessel, and 
evaporate over a gentle fire till the solution 
thickens ; then remove from the fire, and 
stir constantly, with an iron spatula, till 
l lie suit pranulat.es. U. S. Ph.l 

Used as an antacid, and diuretic, etc.] 
Dose, from five to twenty grains. 



POTASSII CAKBOKAS 



459 



Pure Carbonate of Potassium. 
R. Bitartrate of potassium, 

two pounds. 

Nitrate of potassium, one pound. 
Rub them separately into powder, mix, and 
throw the mixture into a brass vessel, 
heated nearly to redness, that they may 
undergo combustion ; from the residue pre- 
pare the pure carbonate as directed for the 
carbonate. U. S. Ph. 1840. 

R. Bicarbonate of potassium, 

one pound. 

Put it in an iron crucible, heat gradually to 
redness for half an hour ; when cold, re- 
move the carbonate, dissolve in distilled 
water, filter, and evaporate to dryness in 
an iron vessel. U. S. Ph. 1870. 



Solution of Carbonate of Potassium. 
R. Pure carbonate of 

potassium, eleven parts. 

Distilled water, twenty parts. 

Dissolve, and filter. Ph. Germ. 

This is the alkaline lotion of Paris 

Codex. Dose, ten minims to a fl. drachm, 

properly diluted. 



Powder of Carbonate of Potassium. 
R. Carbonate of potassium, ten grains. 
Powdered chamomile, 
" myrrh, each, 

twenty-four grains. 
Mix. To be taken every hour, in the apy- 
rexia of intermittents. Foy. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, one part. 
Powdered gum Arabic, eight parts. 
Triturate together for a long time. Dose, 
half a drachm to a drachm, dissolved in 
water, in engorgement of the bowels. 

Guibourt. 



Collyrium of Carbonate of Potassium. 
R. Carbonate of potassium, 

two to six grains. 
Water, one ounce. 

Mix. To be dropped in the eye every two 
to four hours, in specks on the cornea. 

Himley. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, 

twenty-five grains. 
Yeal broth, filtered, 
Celandine water, each, two ounces. 

Digest for twenty-five hours on a sand-bath, 
filter, and add 



Tincture of aloes, 

twenty-four drops. 
In specks on the cornea. Bories. 



Tincture of Carbonate of Potassium. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, one part. 
Calcine it with a strong heat in a crucible 
for two hours, pour it in a heated mortar, 
pulverize it rapidly, and pour on the hot 
powder, 

Alcohol, four parts. 

Digest for fifteen days in a stove, often 

agitating, and filter. Guibourt. 

This is a weak alcoholic solution of 

caustic potassa. 



Collutory of Carbonate of Potassium. 
R. Alcohol, four ounces. 

Essence of mint, twenty drops. 
" roses, eight drops. 

Cochineal, 

Carbonate of potassium, 

each, ten grains. 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, and filter. 
Much esteemed as a mouth wash and gar- 
gle, under the name of Oriental Water. 
A teaspoonful is to be used, mixed with a 
glass of water. Delabarre. 



Emulsion with Carbonate of 
Potassium. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, 

one scruple. 

Yolk of egg^ three drachms. 

Mucilage, one drachm. 

Oil of almonds, 

Cherry water, each,. one ounce. 

Linden water, two ounces. 

Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in the 
colic of children. Rosenstein. 



Fomentation with Carbonate of 
Potassium. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, 

Soap, each, one ounce. 

Elder water, two pounds. 

Dissolve, filter, and add 

Sal ammoniac, two drachms. 

As an application to bruises, etc. Cadet. 



R. 



Liniment with Carbonate of 
Potassium. 

Solution of carbonate 
of potassium, two ounces. 



Olive oil, 



four ounces 



460 



POTASSII CAEBONAS 



Yolks of eggs, two. 

Mix. As an application to chaps. Plenck. 



Lotion of Carbonate of Potassium. 
R. Carbonate of potassium, 

three drachms. 

Water, four ounces. 

In pruritus vaginae. Trousseau. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, 

one ounce. 
Rose water, One pound. 

Dissolve, and filter. As an application to 
chilblains. Brugnatelli. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, 

three drachms. 
Common salt, two drachms. 

Rose water, eight ounces. 

Orange-flower water, two ounces. 

Mix. As a lotion in sunburn and tan. 

Sundelin. 



Mixture of Carbonate of Potassium. 
R. Carbonate of potassium, 

two drachms. 

Antimonial wine, one fl. drachm. 

Laudanum, forty drops. 

Compound spirit of lavender, 

two fl. drachms. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or two, 
as an expectorant. Ellis. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, 

one scruple. 
Lemon juice, four fl. drachms. 
Cinnamon water, seven fl. drachms. 
Wine of ipecacuanha, 

fifteen to twenty drops. 
Mix. To be taken every three or four 
hours, as a diaphoretic. Burke. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, 

one scruple. 
Powdered gum Arabic, 

half a drachm. 

Oil of mint, two drops. 

Laudanum, ten drops. 

AVater, three ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful for a dose, as may 

be required, in sickness of the stomach. 

Elite. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, 

one drachm. 
Peppermint water, four ounces. 



Hoffmann's anodyne, two scruples. 

Simple syrup, half an ounce. 

Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful in asthma, 
with acidity of the stomach. Augustin. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, 

White sugar, each, one drachm. 
Compound spirit of 

lavender, two fl. drachms. 

Laudanum, forty drops. 

Mint water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or two, 

in sickness of the stomach, with acidity. 

Ellis. 

R. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, 

one fl. drachm. 
Carbonate of potassium, 

two drachms. 
Cinnamon water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in py- 
rosis. Ellis. 



R. 



Carbonate of " 

potassium, 
Ipecacuanha, 
Calomel, 
Water 



each, one drachm 
and a half. 



two pints. 
Boil down to one-half in an earthen vessel. 
Two spoonfuls a day, in a quart of infusion 
of sarsaparilla. St. Marie. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, 

one drachm. 

Elder-flower water, six ounces. 

Syrup of marsh 

mallow, one ounce. 

Mix. A spoonful every hour, in angina 

accompanied with aphtha, in catarrhal 

fevers. Radius. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, 

one scruple. 
Cochineal, half a drachm. 

Hyssop water, four ounces. 

Syrup of poppies, 

u tolu, each, half an ounce. 

Orange-flower water, 
Syrup of ipecacuanha, 

each, one ounce. 

Mix. A spoonful, every two hours, in 
hooping-cough. Bories. 



Compound Tincture of Carbonate of 
Potassium. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, 

Cinnamon water, each, one pound. 
Opium, two ounces. 



POTASSII CHLORIDUM. — POTASSII CHLORA8. 461 



Yinous cinnamon 

water, four ounces. 

Digest in a water-bath for three weeks, 
often agitating; and add to the filtered 
solution, 

Gum Arabic, two ounces. 

Carbonate of ammonium, 

one ounce. 

Cinnamon water, six ounces. 

In syphilis. Niemann. 



Ointment of Carbonate of Potassium. 
R. Carbonate of potassium, 

one ounce. 

Sulphur, two ounces. 

Lard, four ounces. 

Mix. As a friction in itch. Brera. 



POTASSII CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride op Potassium. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, at will. 

Dissolve in a sufficient quantity of water, 
filter, and add muriatic acid to saturation ; 
concentrate the solution by evaporation, and 
cool slowly, that crystals may form. 

Guibovrt. 

Formerly known as the Salt of Sylvius, and 

used in fever to excite perspiration, and as 

a diuretic, in doses of from one to two 

scruples. 



POTASSII CHLORAS. 

Chlorate of Potassium. 

R. Carbonate of potassium, 

two parts. 
Quicklime, one part. 

Mix, and expose to a current of chlorine 
gas. When saturated, heat the mixture 
gently, digest it in water, and separate the 
chlorate from the filtered liquid by crystal- 
lization. Graham. 



R. Caustic potassa, 
Water, 



one part, 
sufficient 
to form a solution of sp. gr. 1.110. 

Lime, five and a half parts. 

Mix, and heat to temperature of 122° F. ; 
then pass chlorine through the mixture to 
saturation. Evaporate nearly to dryness, 
dissolve in boiling water, filter, and crystal- 
lize. F. C. Calvert. 
Has been used in scurvy, chronic hepa- 
titis, syphilis, etc., in doses of fifteen to 
twenty grains. 



Powder of Chlorate of Potassium. 
R. Chlorate of potassium, 

six to eight grains. 

Sugar, one scruple. 

Mix. To be given two to four times a 

day, in phthisis, to diminish the febrile 

state. Radius. 



Stevens's Saline Powder. 
R. Chlorate of potassium, 

seven grains. 
Chloride of sodium, one scruple. 
Bicarbonate of sodium, 

half a drachm. 

Mix. For a dose. Stevens. 

Becommended in cholera. 



Solution of Chlorate of Potassium. 
R. Chlorate of potassium, 

one drachm. 
Distilled water, twelve fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Copland. 

As a lotion to indolent ulcers. 

R. Chlorate of potassium, 

half a drachm. 
Syrup, two and a half drachms. 
Water, twelve and a half drachms. 

Mix. To be given in the course of the day, 
in tablespoonful doses, in cancrum oris. 

H. Hunt. 

R. Chlorate of potassium, 

one drachm and a half. 

Distilled water, five fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. A tablespoonful, every two 

hours, in obstinate rheumatism, tic-doulou- 

reux, etc. Knod. 



Lozenges of Chlorate of Potassium. 
R. Chlorate of potassium, 

in fine powder, five troyounces. 
Sugar, in fine powder, 

eighteen troyounces. 
Tragacanth, in fine 

powder, two tro3^ounces. 

Yanilla, thirty grains. 

Eub the vanilla with some of the sugar to 
a uniform powder, mix thoroughly with the 
other powders, avoiding pressure, add water 
to form a mass, and divide into four hun- 
dred and eighty troches. U. S. Ph. 
Each lozenge contains five grains of the 
chlorate. Dose, one to six. 

The lozenges of Brit. Ph. are nearly 
identical with the above. Those of Paris 
Codex contain one grain and a half of 
chlorate. 



462 POTASSII CITRAS. — POTASSII CYANIDUM 



Gargle of Chlorate of Potassium. 
R. Chlorate of potassium, one part. 

Distilled water, twenty-five parts. 

Syrup of mulberries, five parts. 
Dissolve, and mix. Paris Codex. 



Injection of Chlorate of Potassium. 
R. Chlorate of potassium, 

one drachm. 
Water, eight fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. In leucorrkcea and ulceration of 
the os uteri; also in gonorrhoea. 

B. Broivn. 



POTASSII CITRAS. 

Citrate of Potassium. 

R. Citric acid, ten troyounces. 

Bicarbonate of potassium, 

fourteen troyounces. 
Water, sufficient. 

Dissolve the acid in a pint of water, and 
gradually add the bicarbonate ; when effer- 
vescence ceases, filter the solution, if neces- 
sary, through paper, and evaporate to dry- 
ness, observing to stir constantly as soon as 
the salt begins to granulate. Then rub it 
in a mortar, pass it through a coarse sieve, 
and put it in bottles, which must be closely 
stopped. U. S. Ph. 



Effervescing Draught. 
R. Carbonate of potassium, 

two drachms. 
Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. 

R. Fresh lemon juice, 
Distilled water, each, 

two fl. ounces. 
Mix. Add two tablespoonfuls of the 
diluted lemon juice, to one of the alkaline 
solution, and let the mixture be taken in a 
state of effervescence. 

An excellent diaphoretic. Ellis. 



Solution of Citrate of Potassium. 
R. Citric acid, half a troy ounce. 

Water, half a pint. 

Bicarbonate of potassium, 
three hundred and thirty grains. 
Dissolve, and strain. U. S. Ph. 

This neutral mixture is need where fresh 
lemon juice cannot be procured; it is as 
efficacious, but is Dot as agreeable. 



R. Citrate of potassium, three drms. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 

Oil of lemon, two drops. 

White sugar, two drachms. 

Mix. A tablespoonful to be taken every 
two hours. In same cases as the neutral 
mixture. Ellis, 



Mixture of Citrate of Potassium. 
(Neutral Mixture.) 
R. Fresh lemon juice, half a pint. 
Bicarbonate of potassium, 

sufficient. 
Neutralize the juice with the bicarbonate, 
and strain. U. S. Ph. 



Compound Neutral Mixture. 
R. Lemon juice, one fl. ounce. 

Carbonate of potassium, sufficient 
to saturate ; add 

Mint water, seven fl. ounces. 

Tartar emetic, one grain. 

Syrup, half an ounce. 

Mix. Lisbon Ph. 



Mixture of Citrate of Potassium and 
Peruvian Bark. 

R. Lemon juice, one fl. ounce 

and a half. 
Carbonate of potassium, 

one drachm. 
Tincture of Peruvian 

bark, one fl. ounce. 

Cinnamon water, three fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours. 

To promote insensible perspiration while 

taking bark. Ellis. 



POTASSII CYANIDUM 

Cyanide of Potassium. 

R. Ferrocyanide of potassium, 

dried, eight ounces. 

Carbonate of potassium, 

dried, three ounces. 

Mix the salts and throw the mixture into a 
deep iron crucible, heated to redness ; keep 
up the temperature till effervescence ceases, 
and the fused mass concretes of a white color 
upon a warm glass rod dipped into it. Then 
pour the liquid carefully into a shallow dish 
to solidify, stopping before the salt becomes 
contaminated with the precipitated iron. 
Break up the mass while yet warm, and 
preserve it in well-stopped bottles. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one-eighth of a grain. 



POTASSII ET AMMOSII SULPHAS. 



463 



R . Ferrocyanide of potassium, 

dried, eight ounces. 

Pure carbonate of potassium, 

three ounces. 
Charcoal, in fine powder, 

one ounce. 

Mix well, fuse in an iron vessel until effer- 
vescence ceases, and the fusion is tranquil ; 
pour out the fused mass on an iron plate, 
and cool. Powder when cool, dissolve in 
alcohol (.900), and separate and dry the 
crystals which form on cooling, and pre- 
serve them in well-closed hottles. Wbliler. 



Pills of Cyanide of Potassium. 

R. C}~anide of potassium, 
Starch mixed with syrup 

of gum, each, half a gram. 

Mix, and make two pills. Dose, one, morn- 
ing and evening. In spasmodic affections 
of the chest. Foy. 



Solution of Cyanide of Potassium. 

R. C}'anide of potassium, 

twent3 T -two grains. 
Diluted alcohol, nine fl. drachms. 

Dissolve. Equal to hydrocyanic acid. 

Laming. 



Mixture of Cyanide of Potassium. 
R. Cj^anide of potassium, 

seven grains and a* half. 

Distilled water, one pint. 

Sugar, one ounce and a half. 

Mix. A tablespoonful, night and morning, 

in pectoral affections. Magendie. 

R. Cyanide of potassium, four grains. 

Distilled water, two ounces. 

Syrup, three drachms. 

Mix. A teaspoonful, every three or four 
hours, in asthma and chronic catarrh. 

Cadet. 

R. Tincture of castor, } each, 
Musk, v- four 

Nitrate of potassium, ) grains. 
Cyanide of potassium, two grains. 
Linden-flower water, 

eight fl. ounces. 
Mix. To be taken in divided doses, in 
twenty-four hours, in chorea. Fouquier. 



Syrup of Cyanide of Potassium. 
R. C3-anide of potassium, 

seven grains and a half. 

Simple syrup, one pound. 

Mix. Magendie. 



Lotion of Cyanide of Potassium. 
R. Cyanide of potassium, 

one to four grains. 

Distilled water, one ounce. 

Mix. Foy. 

R. Cyanide of potassium, 

eight grains. 
Distilled water, one ounce. 

Mix. To be applied by means of com- 
presses, in cases of neuralgia, articular 
rheumatism, etc. Foy. 

R. Cyanide of potassium, ten grains. 
Emulsion of bitter almonds, 

six ounces. 
Mix. As an application to chronic erup- 
tions attended with much itching. 

Cazenave. 



Ointment of Cyanide of Potassium. 
R. Cyanide of potassium, 

one to four grains. 



Lard, 



Mix. 



one ounce. 
Lombard. 



R. Cj^anide of potassium, 

twelve grains. 

Oil of almonds, two drachms. 

Cold cream, two ounces. 

Mix. To be rubbed on the skin to relieve 
neuralgic pains. Cazenave. 



POTASSII ET AMMONII 
CARBONAS. 

Carbonate of Potassium and 
Ammonium. 
R. Carbonate of potassium, 

four parts. 
" ammonium, 

one part. 
Water, sufficient 

to dissolve the two salts. Pass a current 
of carbonic acid through the solution to 
saturation, heat gently, and let crystallize. 
In doses of half a drachm, in half an 
ounce of mint water, four times a day, in 
diabetes, dyspepsia, gravel, etc. Swediaur. 



POTASSII ET AMMONII 
SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Potassium and 
Ammonium. 
R. Bisulphate of potassium, one part. 
Boiling water, two parts. 



4G4 



POTASSII ET SODII TARTRAS, 



Dissolve, and add 

Solution of ammonia, 
to saturate, and crystallize. 



sufficient 

Van Mons. 



POTASSII ET AMMONII 
TARTRAS. 

Tartrate of Potassium and 

Ammonium. 

R. Bitartrate of potassium, one pound. 

Boiling water, sufficient 

to dissolve; add gradually 

Solution of ammonia, sufficient 

to saturate the excess of the acid ; filter, and 
evaporate, so that crystals may form. 

Hamb. Ph. 



Solution of Tartrate of Potassium 
and Ammonium. 

R. Solution of carbonate 

of ammonium, six ounces. 

Add, gradually, 

Bitartrate of potassium, sufficient 
to saturate ; let stand for some hours, and 
filter. Diuretic, in doses of a drachm. 



Mixture of Tartrate of Potassium and 
Ammonium. 

R. Tartrate of potassium 

and ammonium, half an ounce. 

Fennel water, six fl. ounces. 

Extract of dandelion, 

Clarified honey, each, one ounce. 

Mix. A spoonful every hour, as a diuretic. 

Phoebus. 



POTASSII ET MAGNESII 
SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Potassium and 
Magnesium. 
R. Sulphate of potassium, 

three and a half parts. 
Sulphate of magnesium, ten parts. 
Boiling water, sufficient. 

Filter, and crystallize. 



POTASSII ET SODII 
TARTRAS. 

Tartarized Soda. — Rociielle Salt. 
R. Carbonate of sodium, 

twelve tro} T ounces. 

Cream of tartar, sixteen 

troyounces. 

Boiling water, five pints. 



Dissolve the carbonate in the water, aud 
add gradually the cream of tartar; filter, 
evaporate to a pellicle, and set aside to 
crystallize. Decant, and dry crystals on 
bibulous paper. U. S. Ph. 

Mild purgative in doses of half an ounce 
to an ounce. 



ten grains. 



Powder of Tartarized Soda and 
Rhubarb. 

R. Tartarized soda, 
Powdered rhubarb, 

three to seven grains. 
Mix. To be taken every morning for two 
weeks, in enlargement of the mesentery, in 
children. Fordyce. 

Aperient Effervescing Powders. 
(Seidlitz Powders.) 

R. Tartarized soda, three troyounces. 

Bicarbonate of sodium, one 

troyounce. 

Mix thoroughly, and divide into twelve 

equal parts. 

Powdered tartaric acid, 

seven drachms. 
Divide into twelve equal parts, and keep 
these in papers colored differently from 
those of the preceding powders. U. S. Ph. 
For use, dissolve one of each kind of 
powders in some water, mix the solution, 
and take during effervescence. 



R 



Mixture of Tartarized Soda. 

Tartarized soda, half an ounce. 
Sulphate of potassium, 

two drachms. 

Infusion of succory, one pint. 

Oxymel of squill, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. Four spoonfuls, in the morning, with 

an hour's interval. In visceral obstructions. 

St. Marie. 

R. Tartarized soda, one ounce. 

Extract of henbane, six grains. 

Syrup of chamomile, one fl. ounce. 

Water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. A spoonful every hour, in constipa- 
tion. Phoebus. 



Whey with Tartarized Soda. 


R. Root and leaves of 




dandelion, 




each, 


Fumitory, 




' a handful. 


Water-cress, 






Chervil, 






Clarified whey, 




four pints. 


Boil for five minutes, 


expi 


ess, strain, and 


add 







POTASSII IODAS. POTASSII IODIDTJM. 



465 



Tartarized soda, two drachms. 

Hone}', six drachms. 

To be taken every morning, early, in four 
doses, with the interval of an hour. Much 
praised in visceral obstructions. 

St. Mane. 



Clyster with Tartarized Soda. 

R. Tartarized soda, 
Extract of dandelion, 

each, five drachms. 

Infusion of elder flowers, 

five fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. Radius. 



POTASSII IODAS. 

Iodate of Potassium. 

R. Iodine, at will. 

Caustic potassa, sufficient. 

Dissolve the iodine in the alkali till the so- 
lution hegins to become colored. Evaporate 
to dryness ; treat the residue with alcohol, 
and preserve the residue. The alcohol 
takes up the iodide of potassium. 

Ferarra Ph. 

R. Iodide of potassium, one part. 

Fuse in a capacious crucible, and gradually 
add to the fused salt, after removing from 
the fire, 

Chlorate of potassium, 

one and a half parts. 

"Wash the mass with some warm water, 
which leaves the iodate undissolved. 

Beasley. 



Syrup of Iodate of Potassium. 
R. Iodate of potassium, 

twenty grains. 

Peppermint water, two drachms. 

Simple syrup, ten ounces. 

Mix. Giordano. 



POTASSII IODIDTJM. 

Iodide or Potassium. 

R. Potassa, six troyounces. 

Iodine, in powder, 

sixteen troyounces. 
Charcoal, in powder, two 

troyounces. 
Boiling distilled water, three pints. 
Dissolve the potassa in the water, add the 
iodine gradually until in slight excess, stir- 
ring after each addition till the solution be- 
30 



comes colorless. Evaporate to dryness, 
stirring in the charcoal towards the close ; 
rub to powder and heat to dull redness, 
maintaining the temperature for fifteen 
minutes. Cool, dissolve in water, filter, 
evaporate, and crystallize. The mother- 
liquor yields more crystals by evaporation. 

U. S. Ph. 

R. Iodine, sixteen ounces. 

Distilled water, eight pints. 

Sulphuret of barium, sufficient. 
Sulphate of potassium, 

twelve ounces. 

Mix the iodine with the water, and gradu- 
ally add the powdered sulphuret, until the 
solution becomes colorless, constantly stir- 
ring. Heat to the boiling point, add the 
sulphate of potassium, boil for a quarter of 
an hour, and filter. Evaporate to crystal- 
lization. Mohr. 

R. Iodine, one hundred grains. 

Carbonate of potassium, 

seventy-five grains. 
Water, two drachms. 

Iron filings, thirty grains. 

Mix, and heat slightly, then to redness ; the 
resulting red powder is to be treated with 
water ; filtered, and evaporated to dryness. 

Pypues. 
Dose, two to fifteen grains, but has been 
given in still larger quantities. 



Pills of Iodide of Potassium. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 

five drachms. 

Distilled water, six drachms. 

Crumb of bread, sufficient. 

Mix, and make three hundred pills. In 
goitre, leucorrhcea, etc. Pierquin. 

R. Iodide of potassium, fifteen grs. 

Burnt sponge, 

Extract of bittersweet, 

each, five drachms. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Mix, and make one hundred and eighty 
pills. Six, twice a day, in scrofula and 
goitre. Vogt. 

Lozeuges of Iodide of Potassium. 
R. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. 

Sugar, three ounces. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 
Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. 
One to six or more a day. Giordano. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 

seventy-five grains. 
Powdered coffee, half a drachm. 



sugar, 



four ounces. 



±66 



POTASSII IODIDUM 



Mucilage of gum, made with a 
strong infusion of coffee, 

sufficient. 
Mix. and make three hundred lozenges. 
Each contains a quarter of a grain of the 
iodide. In goitre, scrofula, etc. Pierquin. 



Solution of Iodide of Potassium. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 

thirty-six grains. 

Distilled water, one ounce. 

Dissolve. Dose, ten minims. Magendie. 

R. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. 
Distilled water, one ounce. 

Dissolve. Fifteen drops, gradually in- 
creased, three times a day, in ovarian 
dropsy. Elliotson . 

R. Iodide of potassium, four ounces. 

Distilled water, sufficient 

for eight fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Ten minims contain five grains 
of the iodide. Guy's Hosp. 



Injection of Iodide of Potassium. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 

one to three grains. 

Distilled water, one pint. 

Dissolve. To stimulate fistulous sinuses in 

scrofulous patients. Foy. 



Mixture of Iodide of Potassium. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 

one to four drachms. 
Lettuce water, eight fl. ounces. 
Mint water, two fl. drachms. 

Syrup of marsh mallow, 

one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Foy. 

R. Iodide of potassium, four drachms. 
Lettuce water, eight fl. ounces. 
Orange-flower water, 

one fl. drachm. 
Tincture of foxglove, one to two 
fl. drachms. 
Syrup of marsh mallow, 

one fl. ounce and a half. 
Mix. Magendie. 

In hypertrophy of the heart. A tea- 
Bpoonful, morning and evening. 

R. Iodide of potassium, two drachms. 
Distilled water, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Syrup, two 11. ounces. 

Mix. Two or three tablespoonfuls a day. 

Cazcnave. 



R. Iodide of potassium, 

half a drachm. 
Syrup of ginger, one fl. ounce. 



Water 



five fl. ounces. 



Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful three times a 
day. Ellis. 

R. Quassia, 

Gentian, each, one drachm. 

Boiling water, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Macerate for an hour, strain, and add 
Iodide of potassium, 

thirty-six grains. 
Carbonate of potassium, 

two drachms. 
Mix. A tablespoonful three times a day. 

Gumming. 

R. Iodide of potassium, three grains. 
Medicinal hydrocyanic 

acid, ten to twelve drops. 

Lettuce water, four fl. ounces. 

S}a-up of marsh 

mallow, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in phthisis. 

Magendie. 

R. Iodide of potassium, two grains. 

Sulphate of magnesium, 

half an ounce. 

Tartar emetic, half a grain. 

Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. A teaspoonful three or four times a 
day, in scrofula. Radius. 



Syrup of Iodide of Potassium. 
R. Iodide of potassium, 

Water, each, twenty-five grains. 

Simple syrup, two troyounces. 
Dissolve. Paris Codex. 



Syrup of Iodide of Iron and 
Potassium. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 

twenty grains. 

Concentrated solution, containing 

iodide of iron, fifteen grains. 

Orange-flower water, thirty grains. 

Syrup, two troyounces. 



Dissolve and mix. 



Lahache. 



Iodide of Potassium and Sarsaparilla. 

R. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. 
Decoction of sarsaparilla, 

two pints. 
Syrup of orange-peel, 

two fl. ounces. 



POTASSII IODIDXJM. 



467 



Mix. To be taken in glassfuls, during the 



dav. 



Magendie. 



Ointment of Iodide of Potassium. 
B. Iodide of potassium, in 

powder, one drachm. 

Boiling water, half a fl. drachm. 

Lard, seven drachms. 

Dissolve the iodide in the water, and mix 

the solution with the lard. U. S. Ph. 

The strength of this ointment may vary 

much, from containing a twenty-fourth of 

the salt, to an eighth or more, according as 

it may be required. In goitre, scrofulous 

swellings, etc. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 

sixty-four grains. 

Carbonate of potassium, four grs. 

Distilled water, one fl. drachm. 

Prepared lard, one ounce. 

Dissolve the salts and mix with lard. 

Brit. Ph. 

R. Iodide of potassium, twenty parts. 

Hyposulphite of sodium, one part. 

Distilled water, fifteen parts. 

Lard, one hundred and 

sixty-five parts. 
Dissolve the salts in the water, and mix 
with the lard. Ph. Germ. 

The addition of a little potassa, carbon- 
ate of potassium, or hyposulphite of sodium 
prevents the liberation of iodine, and pre- 
serves the white color of the ointment. 

R. Spermaceti, half an ounce. 

Olive oil, six drachms. 

"White wax, two drachms. 

Iodide of potassium, four scruples. 

Oil of lemon, 
" roses, each, three drops. 
Mix. This ointment does not change color 
by keeping. Kallhofert. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 

Carbonate of sodium, 

each, half a drachm. 

Rose water ointment, six drachms. 
Mix well. In chronic enlargement of the 
testicle. Walthen. 



Ointment of Iodide of Potassium and 
Opium. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 

one drachm and a half. 
Lard, one ounce and a half. 



R. Iodide of potassium, 

half a drachm. 

Extract of opium, ten grains. 

Simple cerate, one ounce. 

Mix. As a dressing to cancerous ulcers. 



Laudanum, 



Mix. 



one fl. drachm. 
A. T. Thomson. 



Ointment of Iodide of Potassium and 
Mercury. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 

twelve to twenty grains. 
Mercurial ointment, half an ounce. 

Mix. In various diseases of the skin. 

Blarius. 

R. Ointment of iodide 

of potassium, I each, two 

Mercurial ointment, f ounces. 
Oil of henbane, 

" juniper, one drachm. 

Mix. Schonlein. 

When iodide of potassium and mercurial 
ointment are mixed, the globules soon ap- 
pear ; but if the iodide be artificially dried, 
previously, a uniform ointment is produced. 

R. Iodide of potassium, three parts. 

Iodide of mercury, 

Camphor, each, two parts. 

Galen's cerate, thirty-two parts. 
Mix. Used as a friction in acute hydro- 
cephalus, in doses of half a drachm to a 
drachm. Golfin. 



Ointment of Iodide of Potassium and 
Morphia. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 

fifteen grains. 
Muriate of morphia, 

half a drachm. 

Lard, ten ounces. 

Mix. In painful tumors of the breasts, to 

be applied twice a day. Chomel. 



Liniment of Iodide of Potassium. 
R. Hard soap, cut small, 
Iodide of potassium, 

each, one ounce and a half. 

Glycerin, one fl. ounce. 

Oil of lemon, one fl. drachm. 

Distilled water, ten fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the soap in seven ounces, and the 

glycerin and iodide in the remaining water, 

mix the solutions, and add the oil of lemon. 

Brit. Ph. 



R. Animal soap, 
Alcohol, 



one ounce 

and a half. 

four fl. ounces. 



468 



POTASSII IODURETUM, 



Dissolve. Add solution of one ounce of 
iodide of potassium in four ounces of alco- 
hol, aromatize with a few drops of oil of 
lavender, and pour into wide-mouthed bot- 
tles. Boudet. 

B. White soap, seven drachms. 

Diluted alcohol, two fl. ounces. 
Dissolve by a gentle heat, and whilst warm, 
add 

Iodide of potassium, four drachms, 
dissolved in 

Diluted alcohol, four fl. drachms. 

Beasley. 

B. Iodide of potassium, 

four drachms. 
Diluted alcohol, two ounces. 

Dissolve. 

Curd soap, six drachms. 

Diluted alcohol, two ounces. 

Dissolve by a gentle heat, add the solution 
of iodide of potassium, and aromatize. 

Foy. 
These are used as liniments in goitre. 

B. White soap, ten drachms. 

Oil of almonds, ten drachms. 

Iodide of potassium, one drachm. 
Water, one drachm. 

Dissolve the iodide in the water, and add 
it to the soap and oil, melted together. 

Guibourt. 



Plaster of Iodide of Potassium. 
B. Iodide of potassium, one ounce. 

Prepared frankincense, six ounces. 

Wax, six drachms. 

Olive oil, two fl. drachms. 

Melt the frankincense and wax, add the 
iodide previously rubbed with the oil, and 
stir till cool. Lond. Ph. 



Soap of Iodide of Potassium. 

B. Camphor, one drachm. 

Tincture of benzoin, three 

drachms. 
Add to the solution, triturating well, 

Iodide of potassium, two drachms. 

Goulard's extract, four drachms. 
Add to the mixture, 

Oil of almonds, thirty-four 

drachms. 

Solution of potassa, two ounces. 

Essence of lavender, half a drachm. 

Mix well. As an application to chilblains. 

Cadet. 



POTASSII IODURETUM. 1 

Biniodide (Super-iodide) op Potas- 
sium, 
(ioduretted potassium.) 

B. Iodide of potassium, twenty parts. 
Iodine, six parts. 

Mix, and triturate together till the mass is 
homogeneous, and of a dark brown color. 

Giordano. 
To obtain a perfectly saturated salt in 
solution, iodine in excess is to be added to 
a solution of the iodide until no more is dis- 
solved. In the following preparations there 
is a mixture of the iodide and superiodide. 



Ioduretted "Water. 

B. Iodide of potassium, six grains. 

Iodine, one grain. 

Water, tw r o pints. 

Dissolve. To be used as a drink at meals. 

Magendie. 



Lugol's Ioduretted Waters. 
No.l. 
B. Iodide of potassium, 

one grain and a half. 
Iodine, three-quarters of a grain. 
Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. 

No. 2. 

B. Iodide of potassium, two grains. 
Iodine, one grain. 

Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. 

No. 3. 

B. Iodide of potassium, 

two grains and a half. 

Iodine, one grain and a quarter. 

Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. The first is for young children, 
to be taken in divided doses, in three days ; 
the second for those of more advanced age, 
in two days ; the third for adults, in one 
day. Lugol. 

B. Iodide of potassium, six grains. 
Iodine, three grains. 

Water, sixteen fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. In poisoning by the vegetable 
alkaloids, in wineglassfuls, aftcrthe stomach 
has been emptied. 



Bouchardat. 



Ioduretted Baths. 
B. Iodide of potassium, four scruples. 
Iodine, two scruples. 



1 Compare also the Chapter on Iodine, 
pp. 352, 353. 



POTASSII IODUEETUM. 



469 



Water, ten fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. To be added to a sufficient 
quantity of water. For children. 

R. Iodide of potassium, six drachms. 

Iodine, three drachms. 

Water, twenty fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. To be added to a sufficient 
quantity of water. For adults. Foy. 



Collyrium of Ioduretted Potassium. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 

twenty-four grains. 

Iodine, one to two grains. 

Rose water, six fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. To be used four times a day, in 
scrofulous ophthalmia. Ryan. 



Ioduretted Injection. 

R. Iodide of potassium, four grains. 

Iodine, two grains. 

Distilled water, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. 

R. Iodide of potassium, eight grains. 
Iodine, four grains. 

Distilled water, sixteen fl. ounces. 



Dissolve. 



To stimulate fistulous sinuses. 
Guibourt. 



Syrup of Ioduretted Potassium. 

R. Ioduretted potassium, 

twenty grains. 
Peppermint water, two fl. drachms. 
Simple sjrrup, two fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the biniodide in the peppermint 
water, and add the solution to the syrup. 

Giordano. 



Lotion of Ioduretted Potassium. 
R. Iodide of potassium, 

two to four grains. 
Iodine, one to two grains. 

Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. As an application to scrofulous 
ophthalmia, fistulas, etc. Lugol. 



Caustic Solutions of Ioduretted 
Potassium. 

R. Iodide of potassium, two ounces. 
Iodine, one ounce. 

Distilled water, three fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Guibourt. 



R. Iodide of potassium, one ounce. 
Iodine, half an ounce. 

Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Soubeiran. 

These two preparations are used to touch 
the eyelids in scrofulous ophthalmia. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 

Iodine, each, one ounce. 



Distilled water, 



Mix. 



two fl. ounces. 

Guibourt. 



R. Iodide of potassium,} , 

*°. d ™', . f oneounee. 

Distilled water, ) 

Mix. Cadet. 

These are used to touch the surfaces of 
scrofulous ulcers. 



Mixture of Ioduretted Potassium. 

R. Iodide of potassium, four drachms. 

Iodine, two grains. 

Orange-flower water, 

Mint water, each, three fl. ounces. 
Mix. A dessertspoonful three times a day, 
in epilepsy. Magendie. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 

half a drachm. 

Iodine, half a grain. 

Syrup of poppies, half a fl. ounce. 

Distilled water, half a pint. 

Mix. Two tablespoonfuls, three times a 

day, in syphilis combined with scrofula. 

Tyrrell. 



Compound Ointment of Iodine. 
R. Iodide of potassium, 

twenty-four grains. 

Iodine, twelve grains. 

Lard, two ounces. 

Mix. Lugol. 

R. Iodide of potassium, two drachms. 

Iodine, eighteen grains. 

Lard, two ounces. 

Mix. Lugol. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 

two drachms and a half. 

Iodine, twenty-four grains. 

Lard, two ounces. 

Mix. In scrofulous ulcers, etc. Lugol. 



Ointment of Biniodide of Potassium 
and Opium. 

R. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. 
Iodine, fifteen grains. 



470 



POTASSII IODO-HYDEAEGTEAS 



Rousseau's laudanum, two 

drachms. 

Lard, two ounces. 

Mix. As an application to scrofulous 
ulcers. Foy. 



Plaster of Ioduretted Potassium. 
R. Iodide of potassium, 

Iodine, each, ten grains to 

one scruple. 
Mercurial or soap 

plaster, two ounces. 

Mix. As an application to syphilitic and 
gouty swellings. Ebers. 



R. Iodide of potassium, 

Red iodide of mercury, 

each, eight grains. 

Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, two fl. drachms and upwards, 
in the twenty-four hours. Puche. 

R. ETydrargyro-iodide of 

potassium, twelve grains. 



POTASSII IODO-HYDRAR- 
GYRAS. 

Iodo-Hydrargyrate or Hydrar- 
gyro-iodide of potassium. 

R. Iodide of potassium, eight grains, 
dissolved in ten or fifteen minims of water. 
Red iodide of mercury, 

eleven grains. 

Mix. This contains twenty grains of the 
hydrargyro-iodide, and is not decomposed 
by water. Charming. 

R. Bichloride of mercury, 

one equivalent. 

Dissolve in a solution of 

Iodide of potassium, 

four equivalents. 

Evaporate to dryness, treat with alcohol, 
and evaporate to crystallization. 

Amb. Smith. 
Dose, one-twelfth of a grain three times 
a day ; in many cases a much smaller quan- 
tity is required to be given. 



Solution of Hydrargyro-iodide of 
Potassium. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 

three grains and a half. 
Red iodide of mercury, 

four grains and a half. 
Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve first the iodide of potassium, 
and then the mercurial salt, in the water. 
The compound salt amounts to about eight 

grains. .The dose is from two to five drops, 
three times a day, much diluted, in dys- 
pepsia, enlargement of the spleen, dropsy, 
etc. Charming. 



Water, 



Mix. 



sixteen fl. ounces. 
Lamothe. 



Syrup of Hydrargyro-iodide of 
Potassium. 



R. Red iodide of mercury, 
Iodide of potassium, 



each, 
Syrup of acacia, 



Dissolve. 



two grains. 

fourteen 

troyounces. 

Ricord. 



Tincture of Hydrargyro-iodide of 
Potassium. 

R. Hydrargyro-iodide of 

potassium, one grain. 

Diluted alcohol, one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. Ten drops three times a day. 

Charming. 



Pills of Hydrargyro-iodide of 
Potassium. 

R. Red iodide of mercury, 
Iodide of potassium, 

each, eight grains. 

Sugar of milk, sixty-four grains. 
Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, sufficient. 

Mix, and make thirty-two pills. Puche. 

R. Iodide of potassium, 

Red iodide of mercury, 

each, six grains. 

Opium, twelve grains. 

Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Mialhe. 



Ointment of Hydrargo-Iodide of 
Potassium. 

R. Red iodide of mercury, seven grs. 

Iodide of potassium, two scruples. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. To be applied to tumors, two or 
three times a day. Hildreth. 

R. Hydrargyro-iodide of 

potassium, one scruple. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. Lamothe. 



POTASSII NITRAS 



471 



POTASSII NITRAS. 

Nitrate op Potassium. 
(Nitre. — Saltpetre.) 



Purified Nitrate of Potassium. 

R. Nitrate of potassium, four pounds. 
Distilled water, five pints. 

Dissolve the nitre in two pints of boiling 
water, and stir the solution till it cools. 
Decant, drain the crystals, and wash with 
the remainder of the water. Finally dry 
in an oven. Dub. Ph. 1826. 

Dose, five to ten grains. 



Fused Nitrate of Potassium. 

(Sal Prunelle.) 

R . Nitrate of potassium, at will. 

Melt in a crucible, and cast it into moulds. 

Guibourt. 

R. Nitrate of potassium, 

two pounds and a half. 
Melt in a crucible, adding gradually 

Sulphur, half an ounce. 

After the deflagration, and the mixture is 
somewhat cooled, pour it into a basin, and 
turn this in all directions, so that the mass 
may cool in a thick and uniform layer. 
When cool, break this in pieces. Span. Ph. 
This preparation will contain some sul- 
phate of potassium. 



Powder of Nitrate of Potassium and 
Orris Root. 

R. Nitrate of potassium, one drachm. 

Spermaceti, two drachms. 

Sugar, 

Orris root, each, one ounce. 

Mix. A teaspoonful, in catarrhal affec- 
tions. Augustin. 



R. Nitrate of potassium, one part. 

Cream of tartar, two parts. 

Sugar, six parts. 

Powder and mix. This is the Pulvis tem- 
per ans of Ph. Germ. 

Dose, ten to thirty grains. 

R. Nitrate of potassium, 
Marsh mallow root, 



Nitrous Powders. 
R. Powdered nitre, one drachm. 

Tartar emetic, one grain. 

Calomel, four grains. 

Mix, and divide into eight powders. One 
every two hours. As a diaphoretic, etc., 
in fevers. Dewees. 

R. Nitrate of potassium, two ounces. 
Bitartrate of potassium, 

four drachms. 
Tartar emetic, four grains. 

Mix. Dose, ten to thirty grains. 

Univer. Coll. Hosp. 



each, 



one part, 
two parts. 



Liquorice root, 

Gum Arabic, 

Milk sugar, each, two parts. 

Mix the powders thoroughly. Poudre 
tempe'rante gommeuse. Parts Codex. 

R. Sulphate of potassium, 

Nitrate of potassium, 

each, nine parts. 

Cinnabar, two parts. 

Rub into powder. Poudre tempe'rante de 
Stahl. Paris Codex. 



Powder of Nitrate of Potassium and 
Squill. 

R. Nitrate of potassium, fifteen grs. 

Powdered squill, 

" pimento, 

each, ten grains. 

Mix. Dose, ten grains, two to three times 

a day, as a diuretic. Swediaur. 



Powder of Nitrate of Potassium and 
Camphor. 

R. Nitrate of potassium, ten grains. 
Camphor, four to eight grains. 
Gum Arabic, twenty-four grains. 

Mix, and triturate well ; one-third to one- 
half at a dose. Foy. 



Pills of Nitrate of Potassium. 

R. Nitrate of potassium, six drachms. 
Powdered gum Arabic, 

three drachms. 
" liquorice root, 

" marsh mallow, 

each, three ounces. 

Simple syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and make pills of five grains. In in- 
flammation of the urethra and dysuria ; five 
or six, three times a day. Foy. 



Pills of Nitrate of Potassium and 
Camphor. 

R. Nitrate of potassium, four parts. 
Camphor, 
Conserve of roses, each, two parts. 



472 



POTASSII OXALAS 



Mix, and make pills of four grains. Two 
to ten a day, in gonorrhoea. Guibourt. 



Nitrated Emulsion. 

R. Nitrate of potassium, two drms. 

Sugar of milk, one ounce. 

Extract of henbane, half a scruple. 

Emulsion of almonds, one pound. 
Mix, and dissolve. A spoonful every hour, 
in gonorrhoea. Phoebus. 



Cooling Lotion of Nitrate of 
Potassium. 

R. Nitrate of potassium, 

Sal ammoniac, each, one part. 

Water, forty-eight parts. 

Dissolve, and add 

Yinegar, four parts. 

As a lotion and application, by means of 
compresses, to contusions and ecchymoses. 

Hep. Ph. 



Nitrate of Potassium Gargle. 
R. Nitrate of potassium, 

seven drachms. 

Barley water, fourteen fl. ounces. 

Oxymel, one fl. ounce and a half. 

Mix. As a gargle, in inflammatory sore 

throat. Ainslie. 



Mixture of Nitrate of Potassium. 

R. Nitrate of potassium, eight grains. 
Tincture of digitalis, 

fifteen to twenty drops. 
Water, ten fl. drachms. 

Sweet spirit of nitre, 
Syrup of roses, 

each, half a fl. drachm. 

Mix. To be taken twice a day, as a di- 
uretic. Burke. 

R. Nitrate of potassium, 

ninety grains. 
Mucilage of acacia, two fl. ounces. 
Antimonial wine, forty minims. 
Syrup of orange-peel, 

half a fl. ounce. 
Water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. One fl. ounce, three times a day, in 
remittent fever, with hot skin. Ainslie. 

R. Nitrate of potassium, 

eight to ten grains. 
Water, eleven fl. ounces. 

Solution of tartar emetic, 

fifteen drops. 



Simple syrup, 

Sweet spirit of nitre, 

each, half a fl. drachm. 

Mix. To be taken twice a day, as a diapho- 
retic. Burke. 

R. Extract of chamomile, 

one drachm. 
Nitrate of potassium, 

half an ounce. 

Chamomile water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. A spoonful every two or three hours, 

as an antispasmodic. Radius. 

R. Nitrate of potassium, 

half an ounce. 
Barley water, one pound. 

Syrup of marsh mallow, 

six ounces. 
Oil of almonds, four ounces. 

Mix. A glassful every four hours, in 
dysury and strangury. Cadet. 

R. Nitrate of potassium, 

two drachms. 
Decoction of asparagus, 

two pounds. 

Oxymel of squill, half an ounce. 

Mix. To be taken in divided doses, as a 

diuretic. Brera. 

R. Juniper berries, 

bruised, two ounces. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

When cold, strain, and add 
Nitrate of potassium, 

two drachms. 
Syrup of ginger, one fl. ounce. 
Dose, one ounce to an ounce and a half, 
every three or four hours, in dropsy. 

Hartman. 



Nitrated Paper. 

Imbue paper with a solution of nitrate 
of potassium in four parts of water, and 
dry. Ph. Germ. 

The fumes of the burning paper for in- 
halation in asthma, etc. 



POTASSII OXALAS. 

Oxalate of Potassium. 

The article usually sold as oxalate of po- 
tassium, salt of sorrel, etc., is the quadroxa- 
late of potassium. It is not much used in 
medicine, but is employed in the arts, to 
remove ink and iron stains from linen and 
cotton ; to bleach the straw for bonnets, etc. 



POTASSII SULPHAS 



473 



B. Oxalic acid, one part. 

Carbonate of potassium, 

sufficient 

to saturate ; add to the solution three parts 
more of the acid ; evaporate, and crystallize. 

Cooley. 



Powder of Oxalate of Potassium. 
B. Oxalate of potassium, 

twenty grains. 
Tartrate of potassium, 
Sulphate of potassium, 

each, one drachm. 

Scammony, fifteen grains. 

Red saunders, ten grains. 

Mix. To be taken in the morning, in inter- 
mittent fevers. Two doses are stated to be 
sufficient. Giordano. 



Lozenges of Oxalate of Potassium. 
B. Oxalate of potassium, 

one drachm and a half. 
White sugar, eight ounces. 

Gum tragacanth, two scruples. 
Lemon water, five drachms. 

Oil of lemon, eight drops. 

Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. 

Guibourt. 



POTASSII PERMANGANAS. 

Permanganate of Potassium. 

R. Potassa, five ounces. 

Black oxide of manganese, 

four ounces. 
Chlorate of potassium, 

three ounces and a half. 
Water, fifty ounces. 

Diluted sulphuric acid, sufficient. 

Powder the chlorate and mix with the 
manganese and with the potassa previously 
dissolved in four ounces of water. Evapo- 
rate to dryness, powder, and in a crucible 
heat to dull redness for an hour. Cool, 
powder, boil with thirty ounces of water, 
decant the clear solution, repeat the boil- 
ing and decantation, neutralize the united 
liquids accurately with sulphuric acid, 
evaporate until a pellicle forms, and crystal- 
lize. Drain the crystals, boil with six ounces 
of water, strain through asbestos, crystal- 
lize, drain, and dry the crystals under a bell- 
glass over sulphuric acid. Brit. Ph. 
It has been recommended in acute rheu- 
matism, diabetes, etc., in doses of one to 
three grains in solution largely diluted; but 
is mostly employed externally as a mild 
escharotic and oxidizer. It is an active 
deodorizer, but seems to possess no anti- 
septic powers. 



Solution of Permanganate of 
Potassium. 

B. Permanganate of potassium, 

eighty grains. 

Distilled water, twenty ounces. 

Dissolve. Brit. Ph. 

The solution of U. S. Ph. is of the same 

strength. 

B. Permanganate of potassium, 

eighty grains. 
Water, ten ounces. 

Dissolve. Condy's disinfecting fluid. 

Squire. 



Disinfecting Powder. 

B. Permanganate of potas- "* 



sium, 
Carbonate of calcium, 
Starch, 



equal 

parts. 



Mix. 



Demarquay. 



POTASSII SILICAS. 

Silicate of Potassium. 

B. Powdered quartz or flint, one part. 

Carbonate of potassium, two parts. 

Mix, and fuse in a crucible ; when cool, 
dissolve in water ; filter, and evaporate to 
dryness. Ure. 



Solution of Silicate of Potassium. 

B. Silicate of potassium, 

ten to fifteen grains. 
Distilled water, six to eight 

fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. To be taken twice a day, to re- 
move gouty concretions. Ure. 



Soluble Glass. 
B. Carbonate of potassium, 

seventy parts. 
Carbonate of sodium, 

fifty-four parts. 

Silex, one hundred and 

ninety-two parts. 

Melt together. The resulting glass is solu- 
ble in boiling water. The solution forms a 
fine, transparent, elastic varnish. 

Db'bereiner. 



POTASSII SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Potassium. 
B. Residuum of the prepara- 
tion of nitric acid, two pounds. 
Boiling water, two gallons. 



474 



POTASSII SULPHUEETUM 



Expel the excess of acid by heating the salt 
in a crucible ; boil the remainder in the 
water, till a pellicle forms ; filter the solu- 
tion ; set aside to crystallize ; pour off the 
water, and dry the crystals. Lond. Ph. 1836. 
A mild cathartic, in doses of one drachm ; 
but in doses of four or five drachms it acts 
as an irritant. 



Compound Saline Powder. 
R. Sulphate of potassium, 

three ounces. 
Chloride of sodium, 
Sulphate of magnesium, 



each. 



four ounces. 



Dry the salts separately, with a gentle 
heat ; then triturate them well together, 
and preserve in glass vessels. Ed. Ph. 

Aperient in doses of two or three drachms, 
dissolved in half a pint of carbonic acid 
water. To be taken before breakfast. 

R. Sulphate of potassium, two parts. 
Nitrate of potassium, one part. 
Powder, and mix. Pulvis temperans of 
some pharmacopoeias. In febrile condi- 
tions. 



Powder of Sulphate of Potassium 
and Rhubarb. 

R. Sulphate of potassium, 

one drachm. 

Powdered rhubarb, half a drachm. 

" chamomile, one drachm. 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
twice a day, in sugar and water, in dys- 
pepsia and torpor of the bowels. Ellis. 

R. Sulphate of potassium, 

two ounces. 

Powdered rhubarb, one ounce. 

Sal ammoniac, half an ounce. 

Mix. Half a drachm, in same cases as the 
last. Pfaff. 



Pills of Sulphate of Potassium. 

R. Sulphate of potassium, 

two drachms. 
Powdered rhubarb, two scruples. 
Oil of fennel, six drops. 

Extract of blessed thistle, 

sufficient. 
Mix, and make sixty pills. Dose, five or 
six a day, as a purgative. Phvcbus. 



Mixture with Sulphate of Potassium. 
R. Centaury, 

Chamomile, each, one ounce. 



Water, 



sufficient 



to obtain three pints of infusion ; add 

Sulphate of potassium, 

Honey, each, two ounces. 

Three wineglassfuls a day, in fevers. 

Swediaur. 



POTASSII SULPHO-CYA- 
NIDUM. 

SULPHO-CYANIDE OF POTASSIUM. 

R. Ferro-cyanide of 

potassium, three parts. 

Sulphur, one part. 

Pack in a crucible, heat to redness for an 

hour, treat with alcohol, and evaporate to 

crystallization. Van Mons. 

R. Prussian blue, three parts. 

Sulphuret of potassium, one part. 

Put the mixture into a covered crucible, 
and heat to a dull redness for half an hour ; 
treat with alcohol, filter the solution, eva- 
porate, and crystallize. Van Mons. 

R. Digest an aqueous solution of 
cyanide of potassium with sul- 
phur, of which it will take up 
one-third. 

Filter, and evaporate. Beasley. 



POTASSII SULPHURETFM. 

Sulphuret of Potassium. 
(Liver of Sulphur.) 

R. Sulphur, one ounce. 

Carbonate of potassium, 

two ounces. 

Rub the carbonate of potassium, previously 
dried, with the sulphur; melt the mixture 
in a covered crucible over the fire ; then 
pour it out, and, when cold, put it in a 
bottle, which is to be well stopped. U. S. Ph. 
A stimulant expectorant and diaphoretic, 
in small doses, poisonous in large ; used ex- 
ternally in many cutaneous diseases. Dose, 
from two to ten grains, several times a day. 



Hyposulphited Sulphuret of 
Potassium. 

R. Sublimed sulphur, one part. 

Solution of potassium, three parts. 
Mix, and lieat on a sand-bath, until it 
marks 89° B. Guibourt. 

It consists of three parts of sulphuret, 
and one of hyposulphite of potassium. 



POTASSII SULPHUEETUM 



475 



Ferro-Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Carbonate of potassium, 

Sulphur, each, one ounce. 

Black oxide of iron, two drachms. 
Mix, and melt in a crucible, pour out on a 
slab of marble, break in pieces, and keep 
in a well-closed bottle. Dose, three to four 
ains. Ferrara Ph. 



Sulphuret of Potassium and Cream 
of Tartar. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

four scruples. 
Cream of tartar, four drachms. 
Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. 
Dose, one every four hours, in a glass of 
sweetened water. Said to be efficacious in 
mercurial salivation. Bories. 



Bolus of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

three grains. 
Conserve of elder berries, 

sufficient. 

Mix. Make six boluses ; one every three 
hours. In mercurial salivation. Brera. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, six grains. 
Black oxide of iron, three grains. 
Extract of quassia, ten grains. 



Burnt sponge, 



sufficient. 



Mix, and make a bolus. One, morning and 
evening, in goitre and glandular affections. 

Phoebus. 



Pills of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

one drachm. 
Extract of liquorice, sufficient. 

Mix, and make thirty pills. Two to five, 
several times a day. 



Compound Pills of Sulphuret of 
Potassium. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium,} each, 
Ammoniac, v one 

Extract of dandelion, ) drachm. 
Soap, 

Rhubarb, each, half a drachm. 
Opium, three grains. 

Mix, and make pills of two grains. 

Radius. 



Electuary of Sulphuret of Potassium. 



R. Butter of cacao, 
Oil of almonds, 



two drachms, 
half an ounce. 



Melt together, and add, triturating well, 

Sulphuret of potassium, 

ten grains. 

Sugar, three drachms. 

As an alterative for children, in teaspoonful 
doses. Phoebus. 



Syrup of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

eight grains. 
Distilled water, sixteen grains. 
Dissolve, and add 

Simple syrup, one ounce. 

Paris Codex 1836. 
A teaspoonful, for croup in children. 



Compound Syrup of Sulphuret of 
Potassium. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

one ounce. 
Fennel water, sixteen ounces. 

Simple syrup, thirty-eight ounces. 

Mix. Once much celebrated as Willis's 
syrup, in croup, etc. Giordano. 



Syrup of Hyposulphited Sulphuret of 
Potassium. 

R. Hyposulphited sulphuret 

of potassium, sixteen grains. 

Simple syrup, one ounce. 

Mix. Guibourt. 



"Water of Sulphuret of Potassium. 

R. Washed sulphur, one part. 

Solution of potassa, eleven parts. 
Boil for ten minutes, and filter. Keep in 
well-stopped bottles. Dub. Ph. 1826. 

This is not analogous to a solution of 
sulphuret of potassium, as it contains much 
hyposulphite of potassium. Dose, ten 
minims to one fl. drachm, three times a day. 



Tincture of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

four ounces. 
Diluted alcohol, sixteen ounces. 
Digest for twenty-four hours, and strain. 

Quincy. 
Eecommended in itch, in doses of sixty 
drops. 



Lotion of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

one ounce. 
Water, half a pint. 



476 



POTASSII SULPHUEETUM 



Dissolve. As a wash in herpetic and other 
cutaneous eruptions. Ellis. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, one part. 

Water, fifty parts. 

Dissolve. Paris Codex. 



Compound Lotion of Sulphuret of 
Potassium. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

half an ounce. 
Soap, one ounce. 

Alcohol, four fl. ounces. 

Tincture of myrrh, half a fl. ounce. 
Lime water, one pint. 

Mix. As an application in tinea capitis. 

Ellis. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

one to two ounces. 
Water, one pint. 

Dissolve. 

R . Muriatic acid, one to two fl. ounces. 
Distilled water, two pints. 

Mix an ounce of each solution with four 
ounces of warm water. As an application 
in psora. Alibert. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

three drachms. 

Soap, one drachm and a half. 

Lime water, seven and a half 

fl. ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. Bums. 

Known as Barlow's lotion, and used in 
various cutaneous diseases. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

two drachms. 

Soap, two drachms and a half. 

Lime water, seven fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, one fl. drachm. 

Mix. Biett. 

As a lotion in porrigo. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

four ounces. 

Water, one pint and a half. 

Sulphuric acid, half an ounce. 

Mix. As a lotion in itch, to be used morn- 
ing and evening. Dwpuytren. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

one drachm. 

Almond oil, one ounce. 

Camphor, twenty grains. 

Mix. Valentin. 



Sulphuret of Potassium-Bath. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

four ounces. 
Water, twelve ounces. 

Dissolve, and mix with the water of a bath. 

Biral. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

one ounce. 

Common salt, two ounces. 

Carbonate of sodium, four drms. 

Leaves of sage, 

one to two handfuls. 

Water, six quarts. 

Boil for twenty-four hours. In fomenta- 
tions, douches, etc., in spina ventosa and 
scrofula. St. Marie. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

four ounces. 

Water, two hundred pints. 

Mix, and add 

Glue, two pounds. 

dissolved in ten pints of boiling water. 

, Foy. 



Injection of Sulphuret of Potassium. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

one drachm. 

Distilled water, eight to 

twelve ounces. 

Dissolve. In gonorrhoea. Wedekind. 



Mixture of Sulphuret of Potassium. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

one drachm and a half. 
Bicarbonate of potassium, 

ten grains. 
Oil of peppermint, 

one to two drops. 

Syrup of orange-peel, two ounces. 

Mucilage, one ounce. 

Mix. A teaspoonful, every two hours, as 

an alterative, in scrofula. Lockstaedt. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

one scruple. 
Carbonate of potassium, 

ten grains. 
Peppermint water, two ounces. 
Syrup of saffron, one ounce. 

Mix. A spoonful, every two hours, in cu- 
taneous diseases. Phoebus. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

one scruple. 
Water, one ounce. 

Syrup of cinnamon, two drachms. 



POTASSII TARTEAS. 



477 



Mix. To be taken in three doses, in mer- 
curial diseases. Dzondi. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

one scruple. 
Kermes mineral, ten grains. 

Syrup of seneka, two ounces. 

Anisated ammonia, one scruple. 

Mix. A spoonful every hour, in croup. 

Hagen. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

Sugar, each, one drachm. 

Water, one pint. 

Mix. Has been advised as an antidote in 
poisoning by arsenic. Augustin. 



Ointment of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, 

thirty grains. 

Prepared lard, one ounce. 

Mix thoroughly. Brit. Ph. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, 
Carbonate of sodium, 

each, three drachms. 

Lard, three ounces. 

Mix. As an application in tinea capitis. 

Alibert. 

R. Soap, one pound. 

Water, one ounce. 

Soften by means of a water-bath, and add 
Sulphuret of potassium, 

three ounces. 

Oil of poppy-seed, two pounds. 

" thyme, one drachm. 

Mix well. Jadelot. 

R. Powdered soap, two ounces. 

Sulphuret of potassium, 

Water, each, one ounce. 

Mix well, and add, gradually, 

Olive oil, five ounces. 

This liniment alters rapidly when exposed 
to the air. B6ral. 



Compound Plaster of Sulphuret of 
Potassium. 

R. Sulphuret of potassium, 
Powdered hemlock, 

each, two drachms. 

Camphor, 

Turpentine, each, four drachms. 
Soap, half a drachm. 



Yellow wax, 
Simple plaster, 



one ounce, 
four ounces. 



Melt and mix well. As a dressing to tume- 
fied lymphatic glands. Bories. 

Soap of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, one part. 

Boiling water, two parts. 

Dissolve, and add 

Yellow wax, one part. 

Evaporate, stirring continually. 

Bavar. Ph. 



POTASSII TARTRAS. 

Tartrate of Potassium. 

R. Pure carbonate of 

potassium, sixteen troyounces. 
Cream of tartar, in fine 
powder, sufficient. 

Boiling water, eight pints. 

Dissolve the carbonate in the water, add 
gradually the cream of tartar until neutral- 
ized, and boil. Filter the liquid, evaporate 
till a pellicle forms, and set aside to crys- 
tallize. Pour off the liquid, and having 
dried the crystals on bibulous paper, keep 
them in closely-stopped bottles. U. S. Ph. 
A mild, cooling purgative, in doses from 
a drachm to an ounce. 



Powder of Tartrate of Potassium 
and Rhubarb. 

R. Tartrate of potassium, 

two drachms. 
Powdered rhubarb, 
" orange-peel, 

each, one drachm. 
Oil of cajeput, one scruple. 

Mix. A teaspoonful, three times a day, in 
obstructions of the portal system. 

St. Marie. 



Mixture of Tartrate of Potassium. 
R. Tartrate of potassium, 

six to eight drachms. 
Infusion of chicory, twenty ounces. 
Manna, two ounces. 

Mix. To be taken in the morning, in four 
portions, every day or every second day, 
for a fortnight, in chronic affections of the 
liver. Grant. 

R. Tartrate of potassium, 

one ounce. 

Extract of soapwort, half an ounce. 

Balm water, six ounces. 

Mix. Two spoonfuls, night and morning, 

in all forms of hemorrhoidal disease. 

Radius. 



478 



PRINOS. — PEUNUS YIRGINIANA. 



R. Tartrate of potassium, 

half an ounce. 

Extract of centaury, two drachms. 

Water, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix. Two spoonfuls every hour or two, 
in obstructions of the liver. Sivediaur. 

R. Tartrate of potassium, 

one drachm. 
Nitrate of potassium, 

half a drachm. 
Manna, one ounce. 

Decoction of dandelion, 

six fl. ounces. 

Mix. Two spoonfuls every two hours, in 
dropsy consecutive to scarlet fever. 

Phoebus. 



PRINOS. 

Black Alder. 

This, which is also known as Winterberry, 
is an indigenous shrub, found in most parts 
of the country, principally in low, moist 
situations ; flowering in June, and bearing 
numerous scarlet berries, which remain on 
the bush after the fall of the leaves. 

Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Aqui- 

folltlCGSB 

Linn. Sp. PI. 471. Griffith, Med. Bot. 434. 

The officinal portion is the bark, which, 
when dried for use, is in slender pieces, of 
a greenish-white color internally, and of an 
ash-gray, mixed with brown, externally ; 
brittle, inodorous, and of a bitter, astrin- 
gent taste. It is tonic and astringent, and 
has been used with success in diarrhoea, in- 
termittent fevers, etc. The dose is from 
thirty grains to a drachm, three or four 
times a day. 



Decoction of Black Alder. 

R. Black alder, two ounces. 

Boiling water, three pints. 

Boil down to a quart, and strain. One gill 

every two hours. W. P. C. Barton. 



PRUNUM 

Prunes. 



Prunes are the dried fruit of various va- 
rieties of I'm n iis domesiica, or cultivated 
Plum tree. They arc principally derived 
from the south of France, and are much 
used as an article ol* dessert ; but are also 
employed In medicine, as a laxative, either 
alone or in combination, especially with 
senna, as in the confection of senna, etc., in 
the form of pulp, 



Pulp of Prunes. 

R. Prunes, at will. 

Soften the prunes in the vapor of boiling 
water, and having removed the stones, beat 
the remainder in a mortar, and pass it 
through a hair sieve. U. S. Ph. 1850. 



PRUNUS YIRGINIANA. 

Wild-Cherry Bark. 

This is the bark of Cerasus serotina, though 
the U. S. Ph. still retains the old name of 
the tree as the designation for the medicine. 
The Cerasus serotina is found in most parts 
of the United States, and in some situations 
attains a very large size. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Sy 
Drupacese. 

De Condelle, Prod. ii. 540. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 288. 

The bark of both the root and branches 
is used, but the former is to be preferred. 
As dried for use, it is in pieces of various 
sizes, deprived of epidermis ; of a reddish- 
brown color, and readily pulverized ; when 
fresh it has an odor of bitter almonds, which 
is much diminished on drying, but reap- 
pears on maceration in water ; the taste is 
bitter and aromatic. It is tonic, but it also 
exercises a sedative action on the circula- 
tory and nervous systems, and is much used 
in a variety of diseases. The dose in pow- 
der is half a drachm to two drachms. 



Infusion of Wild-Cherry Bark. 
R. Wild-cherry bark, in powder, 

No. 60, half a troyounce. 

Cold water, sufficient. 

Obtain by percolation one pint. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, two fl. ounces, three or four times 

a day. 

R. Powdered wild-cherry 

bark, one ounce. 

Orange-peel, two drachms. 

Water, one pint. 

Macerate the bark for six hours, and then 

add the orange-peel. Dose, a wineglassful. 

Ellis. 



Syrup of Wild-Cherry Bark. 
R. Wild-cherry bark, in 

powder, No. 60, five ounces. 
Water, sufficient. 

Sugar, in coarse powder, 

twenty-eight troyounces. 
Moisten the bark thoroughly with water, 
macerate in a close vessel for twenty-four 
hours, pack firmly in a glass percolator, 
and displace slowly one pint ; transfer to a 
bottle, add the sugi 
tation. 



e, add the sugar, and dissolve by agi- 
n. Dose, a tablespoouful. U. S. Ph. 



PTEETHRUM 



479 



Fluid Extract of Wild-Cherry. 
R. Wild-cherry, in powder, 

No. 60, sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, four fl. ounces. 

Water, eight fl. ounces. 

Stronger alcohol, sufficient. 

Mix glycerin and water, moisten the powder 
with half a pint of the mixture, macerate 
for four days in a close vessel ; then dis- 
place, using first the remaining mixture, 
afterwards stronger alcohol, until thirty- 
two fl. ounces have been obtained. Reserve 
the first twelve fl. ounces, evaporate the re- 
mainder to four fl. ounces, filter, rinse the 
filter with a little alcohol to preserve the 
measure, and mix with the reserved portion. 

U. S. Ph. 
Very astringent and bitter, it has little 
sedative action. Dose, thirty to sixty 
minims. 



' PTRETHRUM. 
Pellttory. 

This is the root of Anacyclus pyrethrum, a 

small plant with perennial roots and annual 
stems ; a native of the countries bordering 
on the Mediterranean, hence it is also called 
Roman or Spanish pellitory. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Xat. Syst. As- 
teracere. 

De Candolle, Prod. vi. 15. Griffith, Med. 
Bot, 402. 

The dried root is about the size of the 
little finger, with a thick, brown bark, 
marked with black, shining points ; it is 
inodorous ; its taste is at first slight, but 
afterwards extremely acrid, leaving a burn- 
ing, pricking sensation in the mouth. It is 
a powerful local irritant, and is principally 
used as a masticatory and sialagogue ; but 
has also been employed in intermittents, 
palsies, etc. 

Some pharmacopoeias recognize the Ger- 
man pellitory, which is the root of Anacyclus 
officinarum, a plant indigenous to Central 
Europe. It resembles the former in appear- 
ance, and has the same properties, but is 
rather less acrid. 



Lozenges of Pellitory. 
R. Powdered pellitory, 
" mastich, 

each, one drachm. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 
Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains 
each. As a masticatory in toothache. 

Foy. 

Tincture of Pellitory. 
R. Pellitory, one part. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Displace five parts. Paris Codex. 



R. Pellitory, four ounces. 

Rectified spirit, sufficient. 

Obtain by maceration and displacement 
twenty fl. ounces of tincture. Brit. Ph. 

Compound Tincture of Pellitory. 

four drachms. 

three drachms. 

one drachm. 

two drachms. 

six fl. ounces. 

Macerate for eight days, and filter. As a 
sialagogue in toothache. Brande. 

R. Pellitory, one ounce. 

Para cress flowers, four ounces. 
Italian elecampane leaves, 

one ounce. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Macerate for fifteen days, express, and 

filter. Much celebrated as an odontalgic, 

under the name of Paraguay Roux. 

Gray. 



R. Pellitory, 
Camphor, 
Opium, 
Gil of cloves, 
Alcohol, 



Liniment of Pellitory. 

R. Tincture of pellitory, 

six fl. drachms. 
Camphorated oil, half a fl. ounce. 
Water of ammonia, 

half a fl. drachm. 

Mix. As a lotion for chilblains and in 
rheumatic pains. Radius. 



R 



Plaster of Pellitory. 

Yellow wax, three ounces. 

Turpentine, two ounces and a half. 
Melt together, and add 

Ammoniac, 

Sagapenum, 

Galbanum, 

Powdered pellitory, 

" mustard, J 

Mix well. As a rubefacient application in 

rheumatism, etc. Cadet. 



} 



each, one 
ounce. 



Extract of Pellitory. 

R. Pellitory, ground, one pound. 

Alcohol, two pints. 

Ether, half a pint. 

Mix the ether with a pint of the alcohol, 
pour it gradually on the powder, and put 
it in a displacer ; when it ceases to drop, 
add the remainder of the alcohol, and 
finally sufficient diluted alcohol to displace 
two pints and a half in all. Allow the 



480 



QUASSIA. 



ethero-alcoholic tincture to evaporate spon- 
taneously, or with a moderate heat, until a 
soft extract is obtained. 



Employed to destroy the sensibility of 
the nerves of teeth, previous to plugging, 
or for toothache. W. Procter. 



Q. 



QUASSIA. 

Quassia. 

Under the name of Quassia, the wood of 
two different plants has been used — that of 
Q. amara, and of Simaruba excelsa, the lat- 
ter being alone recognized in the U. S. Ph. 
This is a large tree found in many of the 
"West India Islands, and known as the bitter 
ash. The former is a large shrub or small 
tree, and is indigenous to Surinam. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Simarubacese. 

Lindley, Flor. Med. 208. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. (Picraena), 200. 

It is found in commerce, in billets of vari- 
ous sizes, having a smooth, brittle bark. 
The wood is white, but becomes yellowish 
on exposure to the air ; it has scarcely any 
smell, but possesses an intense, permanent 
bitter taste. It is a pure and powerful 
tonic, and is much used for that purpose. 
It is seldom given in substance. 



Infusion of Quassia. 
R. Rasped quassia, two drachms. 
Cold water, one pint. 

Macerate for twelve hours, and strain. 

U. S. Ph. 
Brit. Ph. uses sixty grains to ten fl. 
ounces of cold water. 

Dose, two fl. ounces, three or four times 
a day. 



Compound Infusion of Quassia. 
R. Quassia, 

Virginia snakeroot, 

Orange-peel, 

Boiling water, 
Infuse and strain. A teacupful, cold, three 
times a day. Ellis. 



each, half 
an ounce. 

two pints. 



Extract of Quassia. 
R. Quassia, in powder, 

No. 50, one pound. 

Water, sullicient. 

Exhaust by percolation, boil to three- 
fourths of the bulk of the infusion, strain, 
and by a water-bath evaporate to the 
proper consistence. 

U. 8. Ph. and Brit. Ph. 



Ph. Germ, exhausts the wood by boiling 
with water. 

Dose, three to five grains. A very effi- 
cient bitter tonic. 



Tincture of Quassia. 

R. Quassia, in powder, 

No. 50, two tnyyounces. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement two pints. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, two fl. drachms. 
Brit. Ph. directs three-fourths of one 
ounce of quassia to twenty fl. ounces of 
tincture. 



Tincture of Quassia and Cinchona. 

R. Cinchona, 



each, 

in coarse powder, 
half an ounce. 



Quassia, 

Colombo, 

Gentian, 

Serpentaria, 

Chamomile, 

French brandy, two pints. 

Macerate fourteen days, and extract by 
displacement. A very valuable combina- 
tion of bitters. Dose, one to four fl. drachms. 

E. Parrish. 



a 



Compound Tincture of Quassia. 
Bruised cardamom, 
" cochineal, each, 

half an ounce. 
Powdered cinnamon, 
Chipped quassia, each, 

six drachms. 
Raisins, seven ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, two pints (imp.) 
Digest for seven days, strain, express resi- 
due, and filter. Dose, one or two fl 
drachms. Ed. Ph 



R. 



Wine of Quassia. 
Rasped quassia, half an ounce.l 
Orange-peel, two drachms J 

Wine, one pint and a half J 



QUEECUS. — QUINIA. 



481 



Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, 
and filter. Dose, three fl. drachms to a fl. 
half ounce, twice a day. Radius. 



QUERCUS. 
Oak Bark. 

Several species of oak are recognized as 
officinal in the pharmacopoeias, viz., the 
Q. alba or White oak, and Q. tinctoria or 
Black oak, in the U. S. Ph. ; Q. pedunculata, 
European White oak, in the Brit. Ph. and 
Ph. Germ; and Q. sessiliflora, European oak, 
in some European pharmacopoeias. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. polyand. Nat. Syst. Co- 
rvlacese. 
"Griffith, Med. Bot. 585. 

The part used is the hark ; this, in all the 
species, is astringent and tonic, and has 
been used in a variety of diseases, but more 
generally as an external application than 
as an internal remedy. The dose is from 
thirty grains to a drachm. 

The infusion of roasted acorns has heen 
used in Europe in scrofulous affections. 



Compound Powder of Oak Bark. 
R. Powdered oak bark, one scruple. 
Calamus, 
Gentian, each, five grains. 

Mix. To be taken every three hours, in 
apyrexia of intermittents. Augustin. 



R. 



Extract of Oak Bark. 

Powdered oak bark, one pound. 
Water, one gallon. 

Boil down to one-half, express, and filter. 
Evaporate at a heat of 200° F. until it 
begins to thicken, then reduce by a heat of 
100° F. to the proper consistence. 

Dub. Ph. 1826. 
The dose is from ten to forty grains. 



Decoction of White Oak Bark. 
R. White oak bark, 

bruised, one troyounce. 

Water, sufficient. 

Boil with a pint of water for half an hour, 
and obtain a pint of strained liquid. 

U. S. Ph. 
The decoction of Brit. Ph. is of about 
the same strength. 

The dose is a wineglassful. as an astrin- 
gent in chronic diarrhoea, etc. 



G-argle of Oak Bark. 
R. Decoction of oak bark, one pint. 
Add 

Alum, half a drachm. 

Brandy, two fl. ounces. 

31 



As a gargle in chronic sore throat, with 
relaxed uvula; and as an injection in leu- 
corrhoea. Ellis. 



R. 



Injection of Oak Bark. 

Decoction of oak 

bark, four fl. ounces. 

Powdered galls, thirty grains. 
Tincture of catechu, 

two fl. drachms. 
Useful as a palliative in cancer of 
Ashwell, 



Mix 

the uterus. 



Cataplasm of Oak Bark. 
R. Powdered oak bark, ^ , 

catechu, ' 



Barley meal, 
Water. 



S 



one 
ounce. 



sufficient. 

Boil to the proper consistence. Foy. 

As an application in gangrene and mor- 
tification. 



Confection of Acorns. 

R. Powdered acorns, three ounces. 
" red coral, 

" catechu, each, 

one ounce and a half. 

Confection of dog rose, ten ounces. 

Syrup of red roses, sufficient. 

Mix. One drachm every four hours, in 

chronic diarrhoea. Bories. 



R 



Acorns, roasted, 



Acorn Coffee. 

six drachms. 

Coffee, roasted, two drachms. 

Water, one pint. 

Boil for a short time, and strain. Two or 

three cupfuls a day, in scrofula and rachitis. 

Augustin. 



QUINIA. 

Quinine. — Quinia. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, one part. 

Boiling water, thirty parts. 

Dissolve. Add water of ammonia sufficient 
to precipitate the quinia, wash the precipi- 
tate in distilled water, and dry it. 



Tincture of Quinia. 
R. Quinia, one part. 

Alcohol, seven parts. 

Dissolve. Dose, twenty to forty drops. 

B&rah 



482 



QUI^I^ ACETAS.-QUINI^ ARSENIS. 



Ethereal Solution of Quinia. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, 

dried at 212°, six drachms. 

Stronger ether, sufficient. 

Dissolve the quinia in one pint of water, 
with the aid of diluted sulphuric acid ; pre- 
cipitate with ammonia water, avoiding an 
excess, agitate with fifteen fl. ounces of the 
ether to dissolve the quinia, separate the 
ethereal solution, evaporate at a moderate 
heat to two and a half fl. ounces, and add 
stronger ether so that five minims of the 
solution shall leave on evaporation exactly 
one grain of quinia. Ch. Rice. 

For hypodermic injections. 



Impure Quinia. 

R. Yellow bark, one hundred parts. 
Muriatic acid, five parts. 

Water, five hundred parts. 

Boil, decant, and repeat process three times 
with the same proportions of acid and 
water; unite decoctions, precipitate with 
milk of lime, wash and dry the precipitate, 
treat it several times with boiling alcohol, 
mix, and filter the solutions, and distil off 
the spirit. Trousseau. 

This is said to be as active as the sul- 
phate, and to be less unpleasant to the 
taste. It is given in the same doses. 



Tincture of Impure Quinia. 

R. Impure quinia, one ounce. 

Alcohol, 

Distilled water, each, twelve 

fl. ounces. 

Mix. Piorry. 

Dose, a tablespoonful. 



Amorphous Quinia, or Chinoidin. 

R. Mother waters of 

sulphate of quinia, at will. 

Solution of carbonate 

of potassium, sufficient 

to precipitate. Wash and dry this pre- 
cipitate ; dissolve in sulphuric ether, decant, 
and evaporate by a gentle heat. Neligan. 



Tincture of Chinoidin. 

R. Chinoidin, two parts. 



Alcohol, 
Muriatic acid, 

■lve and filter. 



seventeen parts. 
one part. 

Ph. Germ. 



QUININE ACETAS. 

Acetate op Quinia. 

R. Quinia, two parts. 

Distilled water, three parts. 

Heat, and add as much acetic acid as will 
dissolve the quinia, and render the solution 
somewhat acid. Filter whilst boiling, and 
set aside to crystallize. Cottereau. 

A more ready way to prepare it is, by 
mixing hot solutions of sulphate of quinia 
and acetate of potassium or sodium, when, 
on cooling, acetate of quinia will crystallize. 

Acts like the other salts of quinia, and is 
in no way superior to them ; owing to its 
sparing solubility in water, it has very little 
taste when taken in form of powder. Dose, 
one to ten grains, according to circum- 
stances. 



QUININE ARSENIAS. 

Arseniate op Quinia. 

R. Arsenic acid, one drachm and a half. 
Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 
Quinia, five drachms. 

Boil till solution takes place. Filter, let 
crystallize, and purify by recrystallization. 
In intermittents. Dose, one-tenth to one- 
fourth of a grain. Bourieres. 



QITINIiE ARSENIS. 

Arsenite op Quinia. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, 

five hundred grains. 
Water, acidulated 
with sulphuric 
acid, sufficient to dissolve. 

Precipitate by solution of ammonia ; collect, 
wash, and press the precipitate. Dissolve 
it in eight fl. ounces of alcohol, and add 
seventy-two grains of arsenious acid, heat 
together, and filter. The arsenite crystal- 
lizes on cooling. Soubeiran. 



Di-arsenite of Quinia. 
R. Arsenious acid, ten grains. 

Carbonate of potassium, five grs. 

Distilled water, five fl. drachms. 
Boil for half an hour, adding water to make 
up the loss by evaporation, so that each fl. 
drachm may contain two grains of arsenic. 
Add 

Sulphate of quinia, two scruples, 
previously dissolved in boiling water. Col- 
lect the precipitate on a filter, wash and 
dry it. 

Dose, one-third of a grain, in chronic 
cutaneous affections. Kingdom. 



QUINIA HYDRIODAS IODURETA. 
QUINI.E BISULPHAS. 



483 



Bisulphate (Acid Sulphate) of 
Quinia. 

B. Sulphate of quinia, one ounce. 

Distilled water, twelve ounces. 

Dissolve with the aid of diluted sulphuric 
acid, evaporate, and crystallize. 

Used like the sulphate ; it dissolves in 
rather less than teu parts of water. 



QUINIA CITRAS, 

Citrate of Quinia. 



R. Quinia, 

Distilled water, 



two parts, 
three parts. 

Heat, and add sufficient citric acid to acidu- 
late the mixture ; when a perfect solution is 
effected, filter, and set aside to crystallize. 

Magendie. 
The dose is the same as that of the sul- 
phate ; it is used in similar cases. 



Syrup of Citrate of Quinia. 
R. Acid citrate of quinia, 

thirty-six grains. 
Simple syrup, one pint. 

Mix. Half fl. ounce to one fl. ounce, in the 
twenty-four hours. Magendie. 



QUINIJE ET FERRI CITRAS. 

Citrate of Quinia and Iron. 
(See Ferri et Quinine Citras, page 287.) 



QUINLE FERROCYANAS. 

Ferrocyanate of Quinia. 



R 



Sulphate of quinia, one part. 

Ferrocyanide of potassium, 

three parts. 
Boiling distilled water, sufficient. 

Dissolve the salts separately in the water, 
mix the solutions, hoil for a few minutes, 
then let cool; separate the resin-like com- 
pound, and wash it with a little water. 
Dissolve it in hoiling alcohol, and let crys- 
tallize. Dorvault. 
Said to he more efficacious than any other 
salt of qtiinia. Dose, about the same as 
the sulphate. 



Mixture of Ferrocyanate of Quinia. 
R. Ferrocyanate of quinia, four grs. 
Alcohol, one fl. drachm. 

Dissolve, and add 

Camphor water, seven fl. drachms. 



To be taken as required, shaking the vial. 

Donovan. 



R 



Pills of Ferrocyanate of Quinia. 

Ferrocyanate of quinia, 

twenty -four grains. 

Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. 
Mix, and make twelve pills. Two for a 
dose. Donovan. 



QUINIiE HYDRIODAS 
Hydriodate of Quinia. 



R. 



Iodide of Quinia. 

Add, by drops, a solution of 

twenty-four parts of iodide of 

potassium, in eight parts of 

water, to a strong solution 

of twenty parts of sulphate of 

quinia; wash the precipitate 

quickly, and dry in the shade. 

Righini. 

In obstinate intermittents and scrofulous 

affections. 



Bin-Iodide of Quinia. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, one part. 

Dissolve in boiling water, and add 

Iodide of potassium, two parts, 
dissolved in water. Evaporate on a sand- 
bath to one-third, and allow the residue to 
cool ; separate and preserve the resinous 
deposit. 

Used in scrofulous enlargements of the 
glands. Dose, half a grain to one grain. 

King don. 



R. 



QUINLE ET FERRI IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Quinia and Iron. 
Pour a strong solution of acid 
sulphate of quinia into a fresh 
solution of iodide of iron ; col- 
lect the precipitate ; dry by 
pressing between blotting paper, 
and keep it from the air. 

Bouchardat. 



QUINIA HYDRIODAS 
IODURETA. 

Ioduretted Hydriodate of Quinia. 

R. Add a solution of iodide of iron, 

containing a slight excess of 



484 



QUI^IJE MURIAS 



iodine, to an acid solution of 
quinia. Treat the precipitate 
with boiling alcohol, and filter 
whilst hot, and set aside to crys- 
tallize. 

Bouchardat. 
These preparations are useful where an 
alterative and tonic are required. 



QUINLE ET HYDRARGYRI 
CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride of Quinia and Mercury. 

R. Corrosive sublimate, one part. 

Muriate of quinia, three parts. 

Dissolve separately in the smallest quantity 
of water ; mix the solutions ; collect the pre- 
cipitate, and dry by a gentle heat. 

McDermott. 



Pills of Chloride of Quinia and 
Mercury. 

R. Double chloride of quinia 

and mercury, fifteen grains. 

Opium, six grains. 

Crumb of bread, sufficient. 

Mix, and form thirty pills. One, three 

times a day, to produce salivation. 

Hamilton. 



QUININE KINAS. 
Kinate of Quinia. 
R. Alcoholic solution of 

sulphate of quinia, at will. 

Aqueous solution of 

kinate of calcium, sufficient 

to precipitate ; filter, evaporate, redissolve, 
and crystallize. Magendie. 



Pills of Kinate of Quinia. 
R. Kinate of quinia, } each, 

Powdered black pepper, v one 

Extract of wormwood, ) drachm. 
Mix, and make sixty pills. Three, every 
two or three hours, in obstinate intermit- 
tents. Ronander. 



QUINIJE LACTAS. 

Lactate of Quinia. 
R. Lactic acid, at will. 

Quinia, sufficient 

to saiiirati! ; leave the solution to evaporate 
spontaneously, in a shallow vessel, in a 

warm room, till crystals are formed. 

Dose, three to ton grains. Bouchardat. 



Pills of Lactate of Quinia. 

R. Lactate of quinia, half a drachm. 

Extract of j uniper, sufficient. 

Mix, and make twenty pills. Two to six 

a day in intermittents. Bouchardat. 



Mixture of Lactate of Quinia. 
R. Lactate of quinia, seven grains. 

Mint water, five fl. drachms. 

Syrup of cloves, one fl. ounce. 

Water, three and a half fl. ounces. 
Mix. To be taken in divided doses during 
the apyrexia of intermittents. 

Bouchardat. 



Syrup of Lactate of Quinia. 
R. Lactate of quinia, fifteen grains. 
Dissolve in 

Water, one fl. ounce. 

Add 

Sugar, two ounces. 

Form syrup. A teaspoonful, in the inter- 



mittents of children. 



Bouchardat. 



QUININE MURIAS. 

Muriate of Quinia. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, 

one ounce and a half. 
Chloride of barium, half an ounce. 

Dissolve separately, in boiling distilled wa- 
ter ; mix the solutions, filter, and evaporate 
to crystallization. Guibourt. 

R. Chloride of barium, five drachms. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Dissolve, and gradually add 

Sulphate of quinia, two ounces. 

Boil for a few minutes, filter whilst hot, and 
dry the crystals. Prus. Ph. 1846. 

R. Diluted muriatic acid, at will 

Quinia, sufficient 

to saturate ; evaporate, and crystallize. 
Dose, from half a grain to a grain. 

Coltereau. 



Mixture of Muriate of Quinia. 
R. Muriate of quinia, twelve grains. 
Diluted muriatic acid, 

five minims. 
Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. 
Syrup of orange flowers, 

one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Dose, one fluidounce. Ndigan. 



QUINIA NITEAS. QUINIiE SULPHAS. 



485 



R. Muriate of quinia, eight grains. 
Fennel water, five fl. ounces. 

Muriatic ether, one fl. drachm. 



Sugar, 



half an ounce. 



Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours. 

Radius. 

R. Muriate of quinia, one scruple. 
Peppermint water, half a fl. ounce. 
Mix. Twenty to sixty drops, every two 
hours, in intermittents of children. 

Radius. 



QUININE NITRAS. 

Nitrate of Quinia. 

R. Diluted nitric acid, at will. 

Quinia, sufficient 

to saturate ; boil with animal charcoal, filter, 
evaporate, and let crystallize. Taddei. 



QUINIJE PHOSPHAS. 

Phosphate or Quinia. 

two parts, 
three parts. 
Boil, and add 

Phosphoric acid, sufficient 

to saturate ; filter while hot, and let crystal- 
lize. Turin Ph. 



R. Quinia, 
Water, 



QUININE SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Quinia. 

R. Yellow bark, in coarse 

powder, forty-eight troyounces. 

Muriatic acid, three fl. ounces 
and a half. 

Lime, in powder, five troyounces. 

Water, 

Sulphuric acid, . each, 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Animal charcoal, 
Boil the hark in thirteen pints of , water, 
with one-third of the muriatic acid, and 
strain through linen. Repeat this process 
twice. Mix the decoctions, and, whilst hot, 
gradually add the lime, mixed with two 
pints of water, stirring constantly, till the 
quinia is precipitated. Wash precipitate 
with distilled water, press, dry, and digest 
in boiling alcohol ; decant, and repeat till 
alcohol is no longer rendered bitter. Mix 
the liquors, and distil off the alcohol, till a 
brown, viscid mass remains ; add to this 
half a gallon of distilled water, heat to boil- 
ing, and add as much sulphuric acid as will 
dissolve the impure quinia; then add one 



ounce and a half of animal charcoal, boil 
for two minutes, filter while hot, and set 
aside to crystallize. If the solution be en- 
tirely neutral, acidulate slightly with sul- 
phuric acid ; if too acid, add more animal 
charcoal. Separate the crystals, dissolve 
them in boiling water a little acidulated with 
sulphuric acid, add a little animal charcoal, 
and recrystallize ; place the crystals in bibu- 
lous paper, and dry by a gentle heat. Treat 
the mother- waters with solution of ammonia, 
and proceed with the precipitate as before. 

U. S. Ph. 



Powder of Sulphate of Quinia. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, 

three to twelve grains. 
White sugar, two drachms. 

Mix, and divide into six powders. 

Radius. 



Powder of Sulphate of Quinia and 
Tartar Emetic. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, ten grains. 
Tartar emetic, three grains. 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
every two hours, in the apyrexia of obsti- 
nate intermittents. Gola. 



Powder of Sulphate of Quinia and , 
Soda. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, 

one to two grains. 
Carbonate of sodium, 

four to five grains. 
Sugar, one scruple. 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
morning and evening, in scrofulous oph- 
thalmia. Amnion. 



Powder of Sulphate of Quinia and 
Tartaric Acid. 
R. Tartaric acid, fifteen grains. 

Sulphate of quinia, 

one grain and a half. 
Mix, and add 

Bicarbonate of sodium, 

eighteen grains. 
Sugar, half a drachm. 

Mix in water, for one dose. In the apy- 
rexia of intermittents. Meireu. 



Powder of Sulphate of Quinia and 

Morphia. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, two to 

six grains. 
" morphia, half to 

one grain. 
Mix, and divide into four powders. 

Magendie. 



486 



QUINIA SULPHAS 



Compound Powder of Sulphate of 
Quinia. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, half a grain. 
Powdered foxglove, 

a quarter to one grain. 

Powdered fennel, six grains. 

Sugar of milk, ten grains. 

Mix. To be taken three or four times a 

day, in the hectic fever of phthisis. 

Gunther. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, three grains. 

Opium, one grain. 

Gum Arabic, 

Sugar, each, six grains. 

Make a powder. To be taken just before 
the paroxysm of malignant intermittents. 

Neumann. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, two grains. 
" iron, one grain. 

Powdered fennel, one scruple. 

Oil of chamomile, one drop. 

Mix. To be taken every three hours, in 
obstinate intermittents. Phoebus. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, 

quarter of a grain. 

Chocolate, seven grains. 

Sugar of milk, two grains. 

Mix. To be taken every three hours, in 
debility of the stomach. Kopp. 



Pills of Sulphate of Quinia. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, 

twenty-four grains. 
Clarified honey, 



inspissated, 



sufficient. 



Mix, and divide into twenty-four pills. 

U. S. Ph. 
Each pill contains one grain of the sul- 
phate. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, sixty grains. 

Confection of hips, twenty grains. 

Mix. Four grains contain three grains of 

the sulphate. Brit. Ph. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, fifteen grains. 

Extract of chamomile, fifteen grs. 

Mix, and make six pills. To be taken 

during the apyrexia of intermittent fevers. 

Elliotson. 

M. Sulphate of quinia, twelve grains. 
Powdered tragacanth, one grain. 
Rub together, add sufficient water to form 
a plastic mass, and divide info six pills. 

E. /'arn'slt. 



R. Sulphate of quinia, twenty grains. 
Elixir of vitriol, fifteen drops. 
Drop the acid into the sulphate, and rub 
with a spatula until the mass assumes a 
pilular consistence. Make six pills. 

E. Parrisli. 



Pills of Sulphate of Quinia and 
Gentian. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, one scruple. 
Extract of gentian, two scruples. 
Mix, and make twenty pills. 



Pills of Sulphate of Quinia and 
Rhubarb. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, ten grains. 
Powdered rhubarb, twenty grains. 

Make ten pills. One thrice daily, in urti- 
caria. Waring. 



Compound Pills of Sulphate of Quinia. 
R. Calomel, six grains. 

Powdered opium, three grains. 

Sulphate of quinia, twelve grains. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and divide into twelve pills. 
One, night and morning, as an alterative. 

Ellis. 

R. Blue pill mass, ^ , . , 
, ! 1 , r. ; . ( each, twelve 
Sulphate of omnia, >- ' 
Powdered aloes, ) grams. 

Aromatic syrup of 

rhubarb, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and divide into twelve 
pills. One, three or four times a day. This, 
or the foregoing combination, is suited to 
the condition following bilious remittent or 
intermittent fevers. Ellis. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, twelve grains. 

Extract of gentian, one scruple. 

Compound rhubarb 

pill, two scruples. 

Blue pill mass, six pills. 

Mix, and make twelve pills. One, three 
times a, day. By an. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, 

ten to fifteen grains. 
Dry phosphoric acid, two scruples. 
Powdered mallow root, 

four scruples. 

Extract of centaury, sufficient. 

Mix, and mala; sixty pills. Three or four 

pills two or three times a day, in nervous 

debility with tendency to abortion. 

Radius. 



QUINIiE SULPHAS 



487 



R. Powdered camphor, one scruple. 

Sulphate of quinia, two scruples. 

Pill of aloes and 

myrrh, one drachm and a half. 

Syrup of ginger, sufficient. 

Mix, and make forty pills. One, twice a 
day. Copland. 

Syrup of Quinia. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, eight grains. 
Distilled water, one fl. drachm. 
Aromatic sulphuric 

acid, six drops. 

Dissolve, and add to 

twenty-five drachms. 
Paris Codex. 



Syrup, 



R. Sulphate of quinia, 

sixteen grains. 

Syrup of ginger, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful. Ellis. 



Syrup of Quinia and Coffee. 
R. Ground roasted coffee, four ounces. 
Boiling water, 

two pints, four fl. ounces. 
Make an infusion, let cool, and add 

Sugar, four pounds. 

Dissolve by means of a water-bath, and 
add 

Sulphate of quinia, one drachm, 
dissolved in a little water, acidulated with 
sulphuric acid. Bories. 



Mixture of Sulphate of Quinia. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, twenty grains. 
Sulphuric acid, ' one drop. 



White sugar, 



one drachm. 



Cinnamon water, two fl. ounces 
and a half. 

Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in the 
apyrexia of intermittents. Ellis. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, fifteen grains. 

Tartaric acid, twenty grains. 

Distilled water, four troyounces. 

Mint syrup, two troyounces. 

Dissolve. Righini. 



Mixture of Sulphate of Quinia and 
Coffee. 

R. Strong infusion of coffee, 

fiYe fl. ounces. 
Sulphate of quinia, twenty-four 

grains. 
Sugar, four drachms. 



Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. The coffee 
conceals the bitterness of the quinia. 

Beasley. 



Tincture of Quinia. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, one scruple. 
Alcohol, half a fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. Dose, ten to twenty drops. 

Ellis. 



Compound Tincture cf Quinia. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, eighty grains. 

Tincture of orange-peel, 

ten fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. A fl. drachm contains one grain 
of the sulphate. Brit. Ph. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, 

foily-eight grains. 
Compound tincture of orange- 
peel, five and a half fl. ounces. 
Elixir of vitriol, forty-five drops. 
Mix. Dose, half a fl. drachm to two fl. 
drachms. Copland. 



Wine of Quinia. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, twelve grains. 
Madeira wine, two pints. 

Dissolve. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. 

Magendie. 



Aromatic Wine of Quinia. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, twenty' grains. 

Citric acid, thiilry grains. 

Orange wine, twenty fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Brit. Ph. 

A fl. ounce contains one grain of the 

sulphate. 



Liniment of Sulphate of Quinia. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, half a drachm. 

Tartar emetic, six grains. 

Extract of opium, twelve grains. 

Spirit of camphor, 

eighteen fl. drachms. 
Mix. Three fl. drachms to be rubbed on 
the epigastrium, three times a day, in in- 
termittents. Schuster. 



Ointment of Sulphate of Quinia. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, one ounce. 

Alcohol, 

Sulphuric acid, each, sufficient 
to dissolve. 



488 



QUINIA VALEEIAKAS. 



Lard, 



four ounces. 
Rub together. Half an ounce to be 
rubbed into the groins, in malignant in- 
termittents. Antonini. 



Plaster of Sulphate of Quinia. 

R. Lead plaster, six drachms. 

Resin, two drachms. 

Melt together, and add 

Sulphate of quinia, one drachm. 

Oil of cajeput, 

Camphor, each, one scruple. 

Mix. To be applied to the epigastrium as 
a prophylactic in cholera. Ammon. 



Enema of Sulphate of Quinia. 
R. Sulphate of 

quinia, twelve to twenty grains. 
Flaxseed tea, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. To be, used every four to six hours. 

Ellis. 



Dentifrice of Sulphate of Quinia. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, four grains. 

Prepared coral, one ounce. 

Carmine lake, eight grains. 

Essence of myrrh, two drops. 

Mix. Pelletier. 



Gargle of Sulphate of Quinia. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, twelve grains. 

" copper, sixteen grains. 

Elixir of vitriol, one fl. drachm. 

Water, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix. To be used three or four times a 

day, in obstinate sore throat. Hartshorne. 



QUINLE SULPHO-TARTRAS. 

Sulpho-Tartuate of Quinia. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, four drachms. 
Tartaric acid, 

four drachms and a half. 
Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Half a fl. drachm to a drachm, 

in the course of the day. liUjhini. 



Mixture of Sulpho-Tartrate of Quinia. 
]{. Sulphate of quinia, six grains. 

Tartaric acid, three grains. 

Syrup, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful. Casorati. 



QUINIA TANNAS. 
Tannate of Quinia. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, one part. 

Water, thirty parts. 

Diluted sulphuric acid, sufficient. 
Dissolve, filter, and add solution of 

Tannic acid, three parts. 

Cold water, thirty parts. 

Set aside in a cool place, then collect on a 
filter, wash and dry at a moderate heat. 

Ph. Germ. 
Found useful in intermittent neuralgia. 



Impure Tannate of Quinia. 
R. Powdered Peruvian 

bark, one part. 

Vinegar, six parts. 

Macerate for twenty-four hours ; then boil, 
and decant. Repeat the process with fresh 
vinegar. Mix the decoctions, filter when 
cold, and add infusion of galls as long as 
precipitation takes place. Collect, wash, 
and dry the precipitate. 

Dose, similar to that of the sulphate. 

Buchner. 



QUIXIJE TARTRAS. 
Tartrate op Quinia. 

R. Quinia, two parts. 

Water, three parts. 
Mix, boil, and add 

Tartaric acid, sufficient 

to dissolve the quinia. Filter whilst hot, 
and let crystallize. Dorvault. 



QUINIA VALERIANAS. 

Valerianate of Quinia. 

R. Valerianic acid, half a troyounce. 
Sulphate of quinia, two troy ounces. 
Dilute sulphuric acid,) , 
Water of ammonia, v '«.'• . 
Water, f sufficient. 

Dissolve the quinia in a pint of water with 
sufficient of the acid, precipitate by am- 
monia, wash well to remove all sulphate of 
ammonium. Dissolve the valerianic acid 
in five pints of water, heat to 180°, add the 
quinia, and when dissolved, crystallize ; 
drain and dry the crystals, and evaporate 
the mother- water for further crystallization. 

U. JS. Ph. 

This may also be prepared by double, de- 
composition, between the muriate of quinia 
and the valerianate of sodium. 

Said to be more powerful than the sul- 



RANUNCULUS 



EESINA. 



489 



phate, and not to cause nervous symptoms. 
It is given in solution, pill, enema, etc. 



Pills of Valerianate of Quinia. 
R . Valerianate of quinia, twelve grs. 



Powdered tragacanth, six grains. 
Water, sufficient. 

Rub together, and divide into eight pills. 
Dose, one pill every hour, in hemicrania. 

Thomas. 



R. 



RANUNCULUS. 

Crowfoot. 

Ranunculus bulbosus is indigenous to 
Europe, and has been extensively natural- 
ized in this country ; the whole plant is 
officinal. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. polygyn. Nat. Syst. 
Eanunculacese. 

The stem is bulbous at its base, hairy, 
with ternately divided leaves and bright 
yellow flowers ; the plant is inodorous and 
has, when fresh, a strongly acrid taste. 
Other species, like R. acris, sceleratus, etc., 
have been used, but the above is the only 
officinal one. Externally applied in the 
fresh state, it acts as a rubefacient, and it 
has been administered in asthma, dysuria, 
rheumatism, etc. By drying, the plant be- 
comes almost inert. 



RESINA. 
Resin. 

Resin, or, as it is generally called, Rosin, 
is the residuum after tbe distillation of the 
volatile oil from various species of the Pine 
tribe. In this state it is Yellow resin, or Col- 
ophony, which, when melted and agitated 
with water, becomes of a whitish color, and 
forms White resin. Resin, when pure, is 
yellowish-brown, inclining to olive or 
brown ; it is solid, brittle, of a smooth and 
shining fracture ; of faint odor, and a some- 
what acrid taste. It is principally used in 
medicine as an ingredient in plasters and 
ointments. 



Haemostatic Powder. 
R. Powdered resin, four parts. 

" gum Arabic, 

" catechu, each, one part. 

Mix. As an application to check external 
bleeding. Paris Codex. 

R. Resin, 

Gum Arabic 

Charcoal 

Pulverize well, and mix. Has proved use- 
ful in checking bleeding from wounds, etc. 

Bonafoux. 



abic, V 

i, S 



equal parts. 



Resin Cerate, or Basilicon Ointment. 

R. Resin, ten troyounces. 

Lard, sixteen troyounces. 

Yellow wax, four troyounces. 

Melt together ; strain through linen ; and 

stir till cool. U. S. Ph. 

As a stimulant application to blistered 

surfaces, burns, ulcers, etc. 



R. 



Compound Resin Cerate. 
Resin, 



Suet, 

Yellow wax, 
Turpentine, 
Flaxseed oil, 

Melt together 

stir till cold. 



each, twelve 

troyounces. 

six troyounces. 

seven troyounces. 

strain through linen, and 

U. S. Ph. 

Known as Deshler's Salve ; is rather 
more stimulating than the last. 



each, 



R. Common olive oil, 

Yellow wax, ) 

Resin, v 

Suet, ) 

Common turpentine, 
Melt, strain, and stir till cold. 

This is the basilicon ointment of Ph. 
Germ. 



six parts. 

two parts. 

one part. 



Resin, or Adhesive Plaster. 

R. Powdered resin, half a pound. 

Lead plaster, three pounds. 

Melt the plaster by a gentle heat, and add 

the resin, mixing well. U. S. Ph. 

R. Resin, two ounces. 

Lead plaster, sixteen ounces. 

Hard soap, one ounce. 

Liquefy the soap, add to the melted resin 
and plaster, and mix well. Brit. Ph. 



Plaster of St. Andrew. 

R. White resin, eight ounces. 

Elemi, two ounces. 



490 



EHAMNUS. — RHEUM 



Venice turpentine, 

Oil of bay laurel, each, one ounce. 
Melt together, and strain. An adhesive 
plaster. Paris Codex. 



Plaster of Vigo with Mercury. 
R. Lead plaster, 

two pounds, eight ounces. 
Yellow wax, 

Resin, each, two ounces. 

Ammoniac, ] 

Bdellium, | , ~ , , 
Olibanum, f each, five drachms. 

Myrrh, J 

Saffron, three drachms. 

Turpentine, two ounces. 

Liquid storax, six ounces. 

Mercury, twelve ounces. 

Oil of lavender, two drachms. 

Powder the gum-resins and saffron, and 
rub the mercury with the storax and tur- 
pentine, in an iron mortar, until globules 
disappear. Melt the plaster with the wax 
and resin, and add the powders and the oil 
of lavender. When cool, add the mercurial 
mixture and incorporate thoroughly. 

Paris Codex. 
Used to prevent pitting in smallpox, by 
spreading it on linen or leather, and cover- 
ing the exposed part. 



Resin Paper. 

R. Black pitch, 

Turpentine, each, six parts. 

Yellow wax, four parts. 

Resin, ten parts. 

Melt together, strain, and spread upon 

paper. Ph. Germ. 

This is the antirheumatic paper, a 

popular remedy in some parts of Europe. 



RIIAMNUS. 

Buckthorn. 

The "berries and juice of the /?. ealharticus, 
arc, possessed of active purgative proper- 
ties. This plant is ;i native of Europe, and 

is Occasionally met with in this country. 
European practitioners hold it in high 

c;-t< i-ni. 

Sex. Syst. PentancL monog, Nat. Syst. 
RhamnaceaB. 

I, inn. Sp. PI. 270. Griffith, Med. Bot. 

217. 

Sometimes the berries are used, at others, 
their expressed juice. Dose of the dried 

berries one dr;u;hu>. 



Extract of Buckthorn. 

R. Expressed juice of 

buckthorn berries, at will. 

Permit the juice to undergo a slight fer- 
mentation, and then evaporate to the pro- 
per consistence. Dose, one scruple. 

Beasley. 



Syrup of Buckthorn. 
R. Juice of buckthorn berries, 

four pints (imp.). 
Sliced ginger, 
Bruised pimento, 

each, three-fourths of one ounce. 
Sugar, five pounds. 

Alcohol, six fl. ounces. 

Evaporate the juice to two pints and a half. 
Add the ginger and pimento, digest four 
hours with a gentle heat, and strain. When 
cold add the spirit, after two days decant 
the clear liquid, and dissolve the sugar so 
as to make the specific gravity 1.32. 

Brit. Ph. 
Dose, one fl. drachm. 



RHEUM. 

Rhubarb. 



Rhubarb is the root of various species of 
Rheum, which grow in the deserts of Tar- 
tary, and in the central parts of Asia. 
Chinese rhubarb is probably obtained from 
Rh. officinale. Several other species are cul- 
tivated in England, France, and Germany, 
yielding the European variety of rhubarb. 

Sex. Syst. Enneand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. 
Polygonacese. 

Lind. Fl. Med. 358. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
539. 

Three kinds of Rhubarb were formerly 
found in commerce, the Russian or Turkey, 
the European, and the Chinese ; the first of 
which is no longer obtainable, but the last 
is now altogether used, and, when good, it 
answers every purpose. All are purga fives, 
with some tonic and astringent powers, and 
are much used in various forms of disease. 
The dose, in substance, to produce a full 
effect, is from twenty to thirty grains. They 
are given in a vast variety of forms. 



Powder of Rhubarb and Magnesia. 

B. Powdered rhubarb, one scruple. 

Magnesia, ten grains. 

Mix. To be given in syrup, or sugar and 

water. Ellis. 



Powder of Rhubarb and Chalk. 
B. Powdered rhubarb, fifteen grains. 
Compound chalk 

powder, twenty-four grains. 
Mix. In the evening, in cardialgia. Foy. 



RHEUM. 



491 



Powder of Rhubarb and Sulphate of 
Potassium. 

R. Powdered rhubarb, one drachm. 
" sulphate of potassium, 

two drachms. 
Mix. Ten grains to a drachm, every 
morning. Fordyce. 



each, 
half an 
ounce. 



Compound Powders of Rhubarb. 
B. Magnesia, 

Cream of tartar, 
Powdered rhubarb, 

" chamomile, 

Oleo-sacch. of fennel, J 
Mix. A tablespoonful, twice or thrice a 
day, in obstructions of the abdominal vis- 
cera. Selle. 

B. Powdered rhubarb, thirty grains. 
" sulphate of potassium, 

" chamomile, 

each, one drachm. 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
twice a day, in dyspepsia with torpor of the 
bowels. Ellis. 

B. Powdered rhubarb, two ounces. 
Magnesia, six ounces. 

Powdered ginger, one ounce. 

Mix well, and keep in well-closed bottles. 
U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. 
A good antacid laxative. Dose, five 
grains to a drachm, according to age. 



Roasted Rhubarb. 
R. Coarsely-powdered rhubarb, 

at will. 

Place it in a shallow ir©n dish, heat regu- 
larly,, so as to brown the powder, which 
should be so constantly stirred that the in- 
fluence of the heat should be uniform 
throughout ; when the color has changed 
to brown, the process is to be stopped, and 
the rhubarb reduced to fine powder, for use. 

W. Procter. 

B. Powdered rhubarb, at will. 

Heat in an iron vessel, constantly stirring, 
till it becomes almost black, then smother 
it in a covered jar. Dose, five to ten grains, 
as an astringent in diarrhoea. Hoblyn. 



Pills of Rhubarb. 
R. Powdered rhubarb, 

seventy-two grains. 
Soap, in powder, 

twenty-four grains. 



Beat them with water, so as to form a mass, 

and divide into twenty-four pills. U. S. Ph. 

Each pill contains three grains of rhubarb. 



Compound Rhubarb Pills. 

B. Powdered rhubarb, 

forty-eight grains. 
" aloes, thirty-six grains. 

" myrrh, 

twenty-four grains. 
Oil of peppermint, three minims. 



Water, 



sufficient. 



Beat together into mass, and divide into 
twenty-four pills. U. S. Ph. 

The pills of Brit. Ph. also contain soap 
equal in weight to myrrh. 

A warm, tonic laxative, useful in costive- 
ness with debility of the stomach. Dose, 
two to four a day. 

B. Powdered rhubarb, 

one drachm and a half. 
Sulphate of iron, half a drachm. 
Soap, two scruples. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and divide into forty pills. 
In similar cases as last, three or four to be 
taken at bedtime. Griffiths. 



Pills of Rhubarb and Ipecacuanha. 

B. Powdered rhubarb, one scruple. 

4 * ipecacuanha, ten grains. 

Opium, three grains. 

Oil of cinnamon, five drops. 

Gum Arabic, sufficient. 

Triturate together, and divide into ten 
pills. One to be given every two or three 
hours, in dysentery, to relieve tormina and 
tenesmus. Chapman. 



Pills of Rhubarb and Caraway. 

B. Powdered rhubarb, two drachms. 

Syrup, one fl. drachm. 

Oil of caraway, ten minims. 

Mix, and divide into forty pills. Kitchener. 



Pills of Rhubarb and Chamomile. 

R. Powdered rhubarb, "] } 

" aloes, eacn ' 

u .,1 r one 

' f] vf\ on m 
Extract of chamomile, J 

Oil of chamomile, twelve drops. 

Mix, and divide into sixty pills. These are 
known as Speediman's pills. Beasley, 



492 



RHEUM. 



R. Powdered rhubarb, 
" ginger, 

each, half a drachm. 
Extract of chamomile, one drachm. 

Beat together, and divide into thirty pills ; 
three to be taken before each meal. Have 
been recommended in dyspepsia and chlo- 
rosis. A. T. Thomson. 



Griffitts' Pills. 
R. Powdered rhubarb, 

one drachm and a half. 
Sulphate of iron, half a drachm. 
Soap, two scruples. 



Water, 



sufficient 



to form mass. Divide into forty pills. 

A favorite remedy with the late Dr. S. P. 
Griffitts, to remove costiveness and impart 
tone to the bowels. Three or four, to be 
taken at bedtime. 



Pills of Rhubarb and Iron. 
R. Dried sulphate of iron, four parts. 

Extract of rhubarb, ten parts. 

Conserve of red roses, five parts. 
Beat into a mass, and divide into five-grain 
pills. Dose, two pills, as a tonic and laxa- 
tive. Ed. Ph. 



Pills of Rhubarb and Soda. 

R. Powdered rhubarb, ) each, one 
Carbonate of sodium, v drachm 
Extract of gentian, ) and a half. 

Mix, and make sixty pills. Guy's Hosp. 

R. Powdered rhubarb, 

Dried carbonate of sodium, 
Extract of gentian, 

each, one scruple. 

Calomel, three grains. 

Mix, and make twenty pills. Two, occa- 
sionally, in dyspepsia. Ellis. 



Pills of Rhubarb and Ox Gall. 
R. Inspissated ox gall,) 

Ammoniac, v equal parts. 

Powdered rhubarb, ) 

Mix, and form pills of two grains each. 

Lcipsic Ph. 
In constipation, deficiency of bile, etc. 



Lozenges of Rhubarb. 
R. Powdered rhubarb, 
Cream of tartar, 
each, two drachms. 



Fresh orange-peel, half a drachm. 
Sugar, dissolved in orange- 
flower water, four ounces. 

Mix, and make lozenges of eighteen grains. 

B&ral. 



Suppository of Rhubarb. 
R. Extract of rhubarb, half a drachm. 
Soap, three drachms. 



Powdered rhubarb, 



sufficient. 



Mix, and make three suppositories 



Radius. 



Electuary of Rhubarb. 
R. Powdered rhubarb, 

one drachm and a half. 
Sulphate of potassium, 

one drachm. 

Cream of tartar, half an ounce. 

Pulp of tamarinds, two ounces. 

Mix. A teaspoon ful. Saunders. 



Infusion of Rhubarb. 

R. Bruised rhubarb, two drachms. 

Boiling water, half a pint. 

Infuse for two hours, and strain. 

U. S. Ph. 
The infusion of Brit. Ph. is about one- 
fourth weaker than this. 



Compound Infusion of Rhubarb. 
R. Rhubarb, 

Liquorice root, 

each, half an ounce. 

Aloes, one drachm. 

Compound spirit of 

lavender, half a fl. drachm. 

Lime water, eight fl. ounces. 

Infuse for twelve hours, and strain. Dose, 
two tablespoonfuls two or three times 
day, in dyspepsia. Todd. 

One or two fl. ounces, every three or foui 
hours, till it operates. 



Alkaline Infusion of Rhubarb. 

R. Bruised rhubarb, two drachms. 
Carbonate of potassium, 

one drachm 

Boiling water, half a pint 

Infuse for four hours, strain, and add 

Tincture of cinnamon, 

half a fl. ounce 
Copland 



EHEUM. 



493 



Extract of Rhubarb. 
R. Rhubarb, in powder, 

No. 50, twelve troyounces. 

Exhaust by displacement, using first one 
pint of alcohol and afterwards diluted alco- 
hol. Evaporate the twelve fl. ounces first 
obtained, spontaneously to six fl. ounces ; 
evaporate the remaining tincture in a water- 
bath at or below 160° to a syrupy consist- 
ence, mix with the other portion, and eva- 
porate to the proper consistence. JJ. S. Ph. 

Ph. Germ, exhausts rhubarb with di- 
luted alcohol ; Brit. Ph. with a mixture of 
one measure of alcohol to ten measures of 
water ; Paris Codex with cold water only. 

Dose, five to twenty grains. 



Compound Extract of Rhubarb. 
R. Extract of rhubarb, three parts. 
" aloes, one part. 

Distilled water, four parts. 

Soften by a moderate heat, and add a solu- 
tion of 

Jalap soap, one part. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 892, four parts. 
Mix, and evaporate to dryness. Dose, two 
to ten grains. Ph. Germ. 



Fluid Extract of Rhubarb. 
R. Rhubarb, in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troyounces. 

Alcohol, fourteen fl. ounces. 

Glycerin, two fl. ounces. 

Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with 
four fl. ounces of the mixture, pack in a 
percolator, add the remaining mixture, and 
macerate for four days. Then with a mix- 
ture of two parts of alcohol and one of 
water, displace twenty-four fl. ounces, re- 
serving the first fourteen, evaporate the 
remaining tincture to two fl. ounces and 
mix with reserved portion. JJ. S. Ph. 

Dose, ten to thirty minims. 



Fluid Extract of Rhubarb and Senna. 
R. Fluid extract of senna, 

twelve fl. ounces. 
" " rhubarb, 

four fl. ounces. 
Bicarbonate of potassium, 

half an ounce. 
Tincture of ginger, one fl. ounce. 
Oil of cloves, eight minims. 

" anise, sixteen minims. 

Dissolve the bicarbonate in the fluid ex- 
tracts, add the tincture containing the oils, 
and mix. Dose, a teaspoonful. 

W. Procter, Jr. 



Confection of Rhubarb. 
R. Powdered rhubarb, 
Cream of tartar, each, 

two drachms. 

Pulp of prunes, eight troyounces. 

Syrup of quinces, sufficient. 

Mix, and make a soft electuary. Dose, a 

dessertspoonful. St. Marie. 



Syrup of Rhubarb. 

R. Fluid extract of rhubarb, 

three fl. ounces. 

Syrup, twenty-nine fl. ounces. 

Mix thoroughly. JJ. S. Ph. 

R. Coarsely-powdered rhubarb, 

Coarsely-powdered coriander, 
each, two ounces. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Water, twenty-four fl. ounces. 

Sugar, twenty-four ounces. 

Displace the mixed powders with the mixed 
liquids, evaporate the resulting tincture to 
thirteen fl. ounces, add the sugar, and make 
a syrup. Brit. Ph. 

R. Cut rhubarb, twelve parts. 

Bruised cinnamon, three parts. 

Carbonate of potassium, one part. 

Distilled water, one hundred parts. 
Macerate over night, strain, filter, and to 
eighty parts of the filtrate add 

Sugar, one hundred and forty-four 

parts. 

Dissolve. This syrup has a fine brown-red 

color. Ph. Germ. 

Mild cathartic. Dose, for young children, 

one to two fl. drachms. 



Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb. 
R. Rhubarb, in powder, 

No. 50, two troyounces 

and a half. 
Cloves, in powder, No. 50, 
Cinnamon, in powder, 

No. 60, each, half a troyounce. 
Nutmeg, in powder, 

No. 50, two drachms. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement one pint of tinc- 
ture, and add to 

Syrup, six pints, 

previously heated. JJ. S. Ph. 

A warm laxative in cases of children, 



494 



RHEUM 



Dose, one fl. drachm in bowel complaints, 
to be repeated every two hours. 



Syrup of Rhubarb and Senna. 
R. Bruised rhubarb, one ounce. 

Senna, two ounces. 

Fennel seed, 

Bruised cinnamon, 

each, two drachms. 

Boiling water, two pints and ahalf. 
Macerate for twelve hours, strain, and add 

Sugar, three pounds. 

Make syrup. Ed. Ph. 1744. 



Tincture of Rhubarb. 
R. Rhubarb, in powder, 

No. 40, three troyounces. 

Cardamom, in powder, 

No. 40, half a troyounce. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by percolation, two pints. 

U. S. Ph. 
To prevent precipitation of the tincture, 
Mr. J. B. Moore suggests for the above 
powders the following menstruum : — 

Glycerin, four fl. ounces and 

a quarter. 

Stronger alcohol, seventeen 

fl. ounces. 

Water, twelve fl. ounces and six 

fl. drachms. 

The percolation is completed with diluted 
alcohol. 

The tincture of Brit. Ph. is of about the 
same strength, but the aromatics used are 
equal weights of cardamom seed, coriander, 
and saffron. 

Dose, as purgative, half to one fl. ounce; 
as stomachic and tonic, one to two flui- 
drachms. 



Tincture of Rhubarb and Gentian. 
R. Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces. 
Gentian, bruised, half an ounce. 
Diluted alcohol, two pints. 

U. S. Ph. 1850. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filler. In flatulent colic, etc. Dose, as 
above. 

K. Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces. 
Gentian, bruised, half an ounce. 
Virginia snakeroot, 

one drachm and a half. 

Diluted alcohol, two pints. 

Macerate for three days, express, and filler. 

Van Mons. 



Tincture of Rhubarb and Aloes. 

R. Rhubarb, bruised, ten drachms. 

Aloes, powdered, six drachms. 

Cardamom, bruised, half an ounce. 

Diluted alcohol, two pints. 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 1850. 

This was formerly known as Elixir 

sacrum, and was much used. 



Tincture of Rhubarb and Senna. 

R. Rhubarb, in powder, 

No. 40, one troyounce. 

Senna, in powder, 

No. 40, two drachms. 

Coriander, in powder, 

No. 40, 
Fennel, in powder, 

No. 40, each, one drachm. 

Liquorice, in powder, 

No. 40, half a drachm. 

Raisins, stoned, six troyounces. 
Diluted alcohol, three pints. 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 

Well known and much used under the 
name of Warner's gout cordial, as a sto- 
machic and slight purgative. Dose, from 
a half to one fl. ounce. 



"Warner's Cordial. 
R. Contused rhubarb, one ounce. 

Senna, half an ounce. 

Saffron, one drachm. 

Fennel, 

Coriander, each, two drachms. 

Liquorice, four drachms. 

Raisins, stoned, one pound. 

Brandy, three pints. 

Mix, and macerate for a week, and strain. 
Dose, half a wineglassful, in atonic gout 
with flatulence. Chapman. 



Tincture of Rhubarb and Orange- 
Peel. 

R. Rhubarb, one ounce. 
Orange-peel, 

Hiera picra, each, two ounces. 

French brandy, four pints. 

Macerate, and strain. Dose, a tablespoon- 
ful night and morning, in gout. Graves. 



Tincture of Rhubarb and Anise. 
R. Rhubarb, bruised, 

Liquorice root, bruised^ 

each, two ounces. 



EHETJM, 



495 



Anise, bruised, 

Sugar, each, . one ounce. 

Diluted alcohol, two pints. 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. Copland. 

Used as the above tincture. 



Sweet Tincture of Rhubarb. 
R. Coarsely powdered rhubarb, 

eight ounces. 
Powdered liquorice root, 

three ounces. 

Bruised anise, three ounces. 

" cardamom, half an ounce. 

" orange-peel, one ounce. 



Diluted alcohol, 



sufficient 



to make one gallon of tincture, by dis- 
placement. 

Dose, a tablespoonful. A. B. Taylor. 

R. Bruised rhubarb, 

one ounce and a half. 
" liquorice root, 
" anise, each, 

six drachms. 

Sugar, one ounce and a half. 

Diluted alcohol, two pints. 

Macerate for two weeks, and filter. Or 

prepare the tincture by displacement. 

D. S. Jones. 



Aqueous (Alkaline) Tincture of 
Rhubarb. 

R. Rhubarb, cut, ten parts. 

Powdered borax, 

Carbonate of potassium, 

each, one part. 

Boiling water, eighty -five parts. 
Macerate for fifteen minutes ; add 

Alcohol, ten parts. 

Macerate, express slightly, strain, and add 

Cinnamon water, fifteen parts. 

Ph.. Germ. 
A mild purgative, where there is acidity 
of stomach, in doses of one-half to two fl. 
ounces. 



"Wine of Rhubarb. 
R. Rhubarb, in powder, 

No. 40, two troyounces. 

Canella, in powder, 

No. 40, one drachm. 

Diluted alcohol, two fl. ounces. 

Sherry wine, fourteen fl. ounces. 

Displace the mixed powders with the mixed 



liquids, and afterwards with diluted alcohol 
until one pint has been obtained. 

Brit. Ph. uses one ounce and a half 
(avoirdupois) of rhubarb to one pint (imp.) 
of the wine. U. S. Ph. 

A warm, cordial laxative, in doses of one 
to four fl. drachms. 

R. Rhubarb, finely cut, eight parts. 

Orange-peel, cut, two parts. 

Cardamom, bruised, one part. 

Sherry wine, one hundred parts. 
Digest for a week, express, filter, and add 

Powdered sugar, twelve parts. 

Dissolve. Used like the preceding. 

Ph. Germ. 

R. Rhubarb, bruised, three parts. 
Malaga wine, fifty pints. 

Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 
Paris Codex. 
Used as the last. 



"Wine of Rhubarb and Gentian. 

R. Rhubarb, bruised, one ounce. 

Gentian, bruised, two drachms. 

Canella, bruised, one drachm. 

Wine, one pint. 

Macerate for three days, express, and filter. 

Swed. Ph. 



Compound Wine of Rhubarb. 
R. Rhubarb, bruised, 

Orange-peel, bruised, 

each, half an ounce. 

Wine, two pints. 

Macerate for twenty hours, strain, and add 

Oleo-sacch. of mace, one ounce. 

Hoffmann's anodyne, one drachm. 

As a stomachic, a tablepoonful three times 
a day. Phoebus. 



Rhubarb Mixture. 
R. Bruised rhubarb, one drachm. 
" fennel, one scruple. 

Sulphate of magnesium, 

half an ounce. 

Manna, one ounce. 

Boiling water, six fl. ounces. 

Infuse and strain, when cold. As a mild 

purgative ; one-half to be taken at a dose. 

Radius. 

R. Infusion of rhubarb, 

one fl. drachm and a half. 
Spirit of ammonia, two fl. scruples. 



496 



EHCEAS. — RHUS GLABKUM, 



Cinnamon water, 

one fl. ounce and a half. 
Syrup of opium, six fl. drachms. 
Mix. A teaspoon ful every two hours, in 
the chronic diarrhoea of young children. 

Vogt. 

R. Powdered rhubarb, 

Carbonate of magnesium, 

each, thirty grains. 

Aromatic confection, 

twenty grains. 
Cinnamon water, nine fl. drachms. 
Comp. tincture of 



cardamom. 



one fl. drachm. 



Mix. Advised in constipation of anaemic 
females. Ashivell. 

R. Powdered rhubarb, one drachm. 
Carbonate of sodium, 

two drachms. 
Tincture of orange- 
peel, one fl. ounce and a half. 
Decoction of liquorice, 

ten fl. ounces and a half. 

Mix. Dose, half a fl. ounce to one fl. 
ounce three times a day. Guy's Hosp. 

R. Powdered rhubarb, one drachm. 

Magnesia, one drachm and a half. 

Powdered ginger, one scruple. 

Peppermint water, one pint. 

Mix. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Gregory. 

R. Powdered rhubarb, two scruples. 

Tartrate of potassium, one ounce. 

Peppermint water, six fl. ounces. 

Tincture of senna, 

Syrup of ginger, 

each, half a fl. ounce. 

Mix. Dose, one fl. ounce. Brande. 



R II (E A S . 

Red Poppy. 

The Papaver rhceas, or Red Poppy, is a 
native of Europe, where it is found in great 
abundance in cultivated grounds, and has 
become naturalized in many places in this 
country. 

8ex. Syst, Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. Pa- 
baveraceaB. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 72G. Woodville, Med. Bot. 
387. 

The parts used are the petals ; these have 
a mucilaginous, somewhat bitter taste, and 
a aarcotic smell, which latter is lost on dry- 
ing. Their action on the system is slight ; 
hut they are used in Europe in the prepara- 
tion of a syrup, prescribed as an anodyne 
in the catarrhal ailections of children. 



Syrup of Red Poppy. 

R. Reel poppy petals, 

thirteen ounces. 
Water, twent}^ ounces. 

Heat the water on a water-bath, gradually 
add the petals, remove from the fire, ma- 
cerate for twelve hours, express, and strain ; 
then add 

Sugar, thirty-six ounces, 

and make syrup. When nearly cold, add 
Rectified spirit, 

two and a half fl. ounces. 

Its sp. gr. is 1.330. Brit. Ph. 

The syrup of Ph. Germ, is almost identi- 
cal with the foregoing, the main difference 
being that the infusion is strained without 
pressing the petals, and no alcohol is added 
to the syrup. 

Dose, one to four fl. drachms. 



Infusion of Red Poppy. 

R. Red poppy petals, one drachm. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse and strain. To be taken freely, in 

catarrhal affections. Cottereau. 



Compound Infusion of Red Poppy. 

R. Red poppy petals, two ounces. 
Diluted sulphuric acid, 

fifteen drops. 
Sugar, two ounces. 

Decoction of barley, one pint. 

Infuse, and strain. Used as above. 

St. Marie. 



RHUS GLABRUM. 
Sumach. 

A shrub-like plant, indigenous in barren 
soil in this country, with oddly pinnate 
leaves, and densely villous fruit of a bright 
purple color, and a so>ir taste. 

Sex. Syst. Dicecia Pentand. Nat. Syst. 
Anacardiacese. 

The bark and leaves contain a large 
amount of tannin ; the acid taste of the 
berries is due to bimalate of calcium ; the 
infusion of the latter is used as an astringent 
gargle in sore throat, and in mercurial sore 
mouth. 



Fluid Extract of Sumach Berries. 
R. Sumach berries, 

powdered, sixteen troyounces. 

Sugar, six troyounces. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Exhaust the powder with the diluted al- 



EOSA CAIIFA. — ROSA CENTIFOLIA, 



497 



cohol, reserve the first six fluidounces, 
evaporate the remaining tincture to six 
fluidounces, dissolve in this the sugar, and 
mix with reserved portion. Procter. 

As an addition to gargles. 



ROSA CANINA. 
Dog Rose. 

This shrub is a native of Europe, grow- 
ing in hedges and thickets. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Rosa- 
cese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 704. Woodville, Med. Bot. 
493. 

The fruit, called hips, which is the officinal 
portion, is smooth, oval, red, and of a pleas- 
ant, acidulous taste. It is principally used 
in confection. 



Confection of Dog Rose. 
R. Hips deprived of the 

seed-like akenes, one pound. 

Sugar, two pounds. 

Beat the hips to a pulp in a stone mortar, 

rub the pulp through a sieve, add the sugar 

and rub together till well mixed. 

Brit. Ph. 
Has been advised in diarrhoea and dysen- 
tery, as an astringent; but is principally 
used as a pill basis. 



ROSA CENTIFOLIA. 

Hundred-Leaved Rose. 
Pale Rose. 

This species, of which there are innumer- 
able varieties, is cultivated in every garden, 
but its native country is unknown, though 
probably it is from Persia. 

The petals are the only part used ; these 
are fragrant, and have an acidulous, some- 
what bitterish taste. They are slightly laxa- 
tive, but are principally used for making 
rose water. 



Rose Water. 
R. Fresh pale rose, 

forty-eight troyounces. 

Water, sixteen pints. 

Mix, and distil eight pints. U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. and Paris Codex obtain from 

one pound of the fresh petals one pound, 

Ph. Germ, five pounds of distillate. 

R. Oil of roses, twenty minims. 

Distilled water (imp.), 

half a gallon. 
Agitate together, and filter. Dub. Ph. 
32 



Ointment of Rose "Water. 

R. Rose water, two fl. ounces. 

Oil of almonds, three troyounces 

and a half. 

Spermaceti, one troyounce. 

White wax, two drachms. 

Melt the last three ingredients together, on 
a water-bath, and stir in the rose water till 
cold. U. S. Ph. 

Nearly identical with unguentum leni- 
ens of Ph. Germ. 

R. Oil of sweet almonds, 

two fl. ounces. 

Spermaceti, six drachms. 

Glycerin, four fl. drachms. 

Oil of roses, 

ik bergamot, each, two drops. 

Melt the spermaceti with a gentle heat, 

stir in the oil of almonds gradually, remove 

the mixture from the fire, stir constantly, 

adding the glycerin, and finally incorporate 

the volatile oils. Jos. Laidley. 

Much used, under the name of Cold 

cream, as a cooling application to irritated 

surfaces. 

R. Lard, ten parts. 

White wax, two parts. 

Melt together, when nearly cold, add 

Rose water, one part. 

Mix thoroughly. Ph. Germ. 



Rose Ointment. 

R. Lard, one thousand parts. 

Alkanet, thirty parts. 

Digest by a water-bath for one hour, strain, 
and add 

White wax, eight parts 

previously melted, stir, and when nearly 
cold, mix with 

Oil of roses, two parts. 

Paris Codex. 



Rose Lozenges. 

R. Powdered sugar, 

Rose water, each, six ounces. 

Evaporate gently, to a thick syrup, and 
add 

Coarsely-powdered 

sugar, one pound. 

Oil of roses, 

one drachm and a half. 
When dissolved, pour in drops on a cold, 
oiled, marble slab, and dry. Cottereau. 



498 



ROSA TALLICA 



Collutory of Rose "Water 
R. Rose water, three fl. ounces 

Cream, 

Whites of eggs 

Syrup of violets 
Mix. St. Marie. 



iij 

-\ 

ts, ) 



each, one 

fl. ounce. 



Oil of Roses. 

R. Fresh rose leaves, at will. 

Water, sufficient 

to moisten the leaves ; distil, and collect 
the oil that floats on the product. 

Guibourt. 
The attar of roses of commerce is made 
almost exclusively in Turkey and the 
Levant. 



Essence of Roses. 
R. Pounded rose leaves, 

Alcohol (.874), each, ten parts. 

Infuse for twenty-four hours, by a gentle 
heat, and distil. Taddei. 



Rose Oil. 
R. Pounded rose leaves, one part. 
Olive oil, four parts. 

Digest with gentle heat for four days, ex- 
press, and strain ; repeat process with fresh 
leaves, a second and third time ; separate 
the water, and filter. Soubeiran. 

As an application to chilblains and irri- 
tated surfaces. 



ROSA GALLICA. 

Red Rose. 

This species is a native of the south of 
Europe, and is generally cultivated in our 
gardens. The varieties are very numerous. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 704. Griffith, Med. Bot. 273. 

The parts used in medicine are the petals 
of the unexpanded flowers, deprived of their 
white claws, and dried. In this state they 
are of a purplish-red color, of an agreeable 
odor, and bitterish, astringent taste. They 
have mild astringent properties, but are 
more used as a vehicle than for their own 
powers. 



Confection of Roses. 
R. Red roses, in fine 

powder, four troyounces. 

Powdered sugar, 

thirty troyounces. 

Clarified honey, six troyounces. 

Rose water, eight fl. ounces. 

Rub the r036B with tlio rose water, heated 

to L50°j add gradually the sugar and 

honey, and beat together. U. 8. Ph. 



R. Fresh red rose petals, one pound. 
Refined sugar, three pounds. 

Beat the petals to a pulp in a stone mortar, 
add the sugar, and rub well together. 

Brit. Ph. 
Principally used as a pill basis. 



Compound (Acid) Infusion of Roses. 

R. Red rose, half a troy ounce. 

Boiling water, forty fl. ounces. 

Diluted sulphuric acid, 

three fl. drachms. 
Macerate in a glass vessel for half an hour ; 
express, strain, and add 

Sugar, one troy ounce and a half. 
As a cooling drink, mixed with water. 

U. S. Ph. 

R. Red rose, one quarter ounce. 

Boiling water, ten fl. ounces. 

Diluted sulphuric acid, 

one fl. drachm. 

Infuse the roses, in a glass vessel, with the 
mixed liquids for half an hour, and strain. 

Brit. Ph. 



Honey of Roses. 

B. Red rose, one part. 

Clarified honey, ten parts. 

Boiling water, six parts. 

Macerate the roses in the water over night, 
express, and strain ; add the honey, and 
evaporate to proper consistence. 

Ph. Germ. 

B. Red rose, in powder, 

No. 50, two troyounces. 

Clarified honey, 

twenty-five troyounces. 
Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Percolate the powder with the alcohol, re- 
serve the first six fl. drachms, evaporate the 
eight fl. ounces, obtained afterwards, by 
means of a water-bath to ten fl. drachms, 
and, together with the reserved percolate, 
mix with the honey. U. S. Ph. 

As an addition to gargles. 



Electuary of Roses. 

B. Confection of roses, sixteen parts. 

Syrup of tolu, four parts. 

" poppies, one part. 

Mix. Used as an astringent in bowel af- 
fections, in doses of a teaspoonful. Foy. 



ROSMARINUS 



499 



Tincture of Roses. 

B. Red roses, five ounces. 

Alcohol, two fl. ounces. 

Rose water, eight fl. ounces. 

Digest for four days, express, and filter; 

digest residuum with half a pint of alcohol 

for three days ; express, filter, and mix the 

liquors. Squire. 

Used principally as a perfume. 



Wine of Roses. 

B. Red rose, one part. 

Red wine, sixteen parts. 

Infuse for half an hour, and strain. As an 

application to indolent ulcers. Be'ral. 



Vinegar of Roses. 

B. Red rose, one part. 

White vinegar, twelve parts. 

Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 
Paris Codex. 



Compound Vinegar of Roses. 
R. Red rose, one ounce and a half. 

Sumach leaves, one ounce. 

Wine of quince, four fl. ounces. 

Yinegar of red wine, ten fl. ounces. 
Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 
As an application to contusions, and as a 
styptic. Van Mons. 



Syrup of Red Roses. 

B. Red rose, in powder, 

No. 50, two troyonnces. 

Sugar, eighteen troy ounces. 

Obtain from the powder by displacement 
with diluted alcohol six fl. ounces of tinc- 
ture, reserving the first fl. ounce, and eva- 
porate the remaining five to one fl. ounce 
and a half ; mix this with seven fl. ounces 
of water, dissolve the sugar, strain, and 
when nearly cold, mix with reserved tinc- 
ture. U. S. Ph. 

B. Red rose, two ounces. 

Boiling water, twenty ounces. 
Sugar, thirty ounces. 

Macerate the rose leaves in the water for 
two hours, press, heat to boiling, filter, and 
dissolve the sugar. It weighs forty-six 
ounces, and has the sp. gr. 1.335. 

Brit. Ph. 
Dose, one fl. drachm. 
A very mild astringent, of a fine red 
color. 



ROSMARINUS. 

Rosemary. 

This is the Rosmarinus officinalis, a small 
evergreen shrub, a native of the south of 
Europe, and generally cultivated in gardens 
elsewhere. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. La- 
miaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 23. Griffith, Med. Bot. 507. 

The officinal portions are the leaves, and 
in some pharmacopoeias, flowering extremi- 
ties. These have a fragrant odor, and a bit- 
ter, pungent taste. Rosemary is stimulant 
and carminative, but is principally em- 
ployed as an aromatic addition to lotions 
and liniments, and as an ingredient in arti- 
cles of perfumery. 



Aromatic Bath. 
B. Rosemary, ] 

Thyme, | 

Sage, J> each, half a pound. 

Origanum, 

Mint, J 

Boiling water, six pints. 

Macerate for twelve hours, strain, and add 

Essence of soap, four ounces. 

Chloride of ammonium, 

two ounces. 
Pour the whole into water sufficient for a 
bath. Foy. 

In chronic rheumatism, cutaneous affec- 
tions, dyspepsia, etc. 



Aromatic Fomentation. 
R. Rosemary, half an ounce. 

Red wine, 
Water, each, three fl. ounces. 

Infuse and express. As a fomentation in 
contusions. Augustin. 



Aromatic Vinegar. 
B. Rosemary, 

Sage, each, one ounce. 

Lavender, one ounce and a half. 
Cloves, half a drachm. 

Yinegar, two pints. 

Infuse for eight days, and strain. As a 
lotion in contusions, sprains, etc. 

Spielmann. 

Compound Rosemary Ointment. 
(Nervine Ointment.) 

B. Lard, sixteen parts. 

Suet, eight parts. 

Expressed oil of nutmegs, 
Yellow wax, each, two parts. 

Melt together, and when nearly cold, add 



500 



EOTTLEEA. — RUBIA. 



Oil of rosemary, 
" juniper, each, 
Mix well. 



one part. 
Ph. Germ. 



Tincture of Rosemary. 

R. Rosemary, one part. 

Spirit of rosemary, four parts. 

Macerate, express, and filter. Bruns. Ph. 



Oil of Rosemary. 
B. Rosemary, at will. 

Water, sufficient 

to cover. Distil, and collect the oil that 
floats on the product. Principally used in 
stimulating liniments, but sometimes given 
as carminative in doses of two or three 
drops. V. 8. Ph. 



R 



Oleo-infusion of Rosemary. 

Rosemary, one part. 

Olive oil, three parts. 

Heat till the water has evaporated, express, 
and strain. As a stimulating application. 

Span. Ph. 

Spirit of Rosemary. 
R. Oil of rosemary, four drachms. 
Alcohol, one gallon. 

Dissolve the oil in the alcohol. 

U/S. Ph. 1850. 
Brit. Ph. directs to dissolve one fl. ounce 
of the oil in forty-nine fl. ounces of alcohol. 
As an ingredient in lotions and lini- 
ments, etc. 

R. Rosemary leaves, bruised, 

one part. 
Alcohol, 

Water, each, three parts. 

Macerate for a day, and distil four parts. 

Ph. Germ. 



Hungary Water. 
R. Rosemary, three parts. 

Lavender, one part. 

Diluted alcohol, six parts. 

Water, twelve parts. 

Mix, and distil three-fourths. Used as a 
perfume. Van Mons. 

R. Spirit of lavender, seven fl. ounces. 
" rosemary, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. Used as a substitute for the above. 

Pereira. 



R. Fresh rosemary, in blossom, 

four pounds. 
Fresh sage, in blossom, six ounces. 
Ginger, two ounces. 

Cut into pieces, and add 

Alcohol, twelve pounds. 

Water, two pints. 

Distil eleven pints by a gentle heat. 

Wirt. Ph. 



ROTTLERA 



Kamala. 

This, which is also known by the names 
of wurus or waras, consists of the glandular 
hairs obtained from the fruit of Roltlera 
tinctoria, a small tree indigenous to the East 
Indies, southern Arabia, and Abyssinia. 

Nat. Syst. Euphorbiacese. 

Roxb. Corom. pi. 168. 

It is a fine granular powder, of a brick- 
red color and almost inodorous and taste- 
less. Ether and alcohol dissolve the most 
of it. Incinerated, it should leave little 
over four per cent, of ashes. It possesses 
anthelmintic properties and purgative ef- 
fects, and is mainly used in cases of tape- 
worm. Dose, one-half to two drachms, 
either in substance or tincture. 



Tincture of Kamala. 
R. Kamala, three ounces. 



Alcohol, 



ten fl. ounces. 



Digest and filter. Dose, half a fluidounce, 
with some aromatic water. 

T. Anderson. 



RUBIA. 

Madder. 



The Eubia tinctorum, or madder, is a per 
ennial plant, a native of the south of Eu- 
rope, and extensively cultivated in many 
countries for the sake of its roots, which are 
used in dying reds. 

Sex. iSyst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Eu- 

Linn. Sp. PI. 158. Griffith, Med. Bot. 382 
The root is the officinal portion, and, as 
found in commerce, is in long cylindrical 
pieces, about as thick as a quill, of a deep 
red or brown color. It has a peculiar and 
unpleasant odor, and a bitterish, astringent 
taste. It was much used formerly as a 
diuretic, but is at present seldom prescribed 
except occasionally as an emmenagogue, 
for which purpose it is highly spoken of by 
many practitioners. 



EXJBTJS VILLOSTJS 



501 



Compound Powder of Madder. 
R. Powdered madder, 
" sugar, 

each, two drachms. 
" sulphate of potassium, 

half an ounce. 
Mix well. Dose, ten grains to a scruple, 
in rachitis. Radius. 



Decoction of Madder. 
R. Powdered madder, one ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. 

Simmer for fifteen minutes, and add 

Bruised cloves, one drachm. 

Strain when cool. A wineglasful every 
three hours, a short time previous to the 
expected time of the menstrual discharge. 

Dewees. 

R. Powdered madder, one ounce. 
" mace, two drachms. 

Water, one pint and a half. 

Boil down to one pint, strain, and add 
Aromatic tincture, two fl. drachms. 
Syrup of citric acid, two fl. ounces. 
Dose, three fl. ounces three or four times a 
day, in amenorrhcea, chlorosis, etc. 

Swediaur. 

R. Powdered madder, half an ounce. 
" hops, one drachm. 

English walnut leaves, three. 

Water, two pints. 

Boil down to a pint and a half, strain, and 
add 

Tincture of tartrate of 

iron, one fl. drachm. 

Advised in scrofula, in doses of two ounces, 
night and morning. St. Marie. 



RXJB1JS CANADENSIS. 

Dewberry. 

RUBUS VILLOSTJS. 

Blackberry. 

These two species of shrubby plants are 
very common in the United States, and are 
well known for their pleasant fruit. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Eo- 
saceae. 

Torrey and Gray, i. 454, 455. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 275, 276. 

The juice of the fruit is employed in the 
form of a syrup. The officinal portion is 
the bark of the roots, which has a very faint 
odor, and a bitterish, astringent taste. It 



is an efficient but mild astringent, and has 
been found very useful in a relaxed condi- 
tion of the bowels. 



Decoction of Blackberry Root. 
R. Small roots of blackberry, 

one ounce. 
Water, one pint and a half. 

Boil down to one pint, and strain. Dose, 
one or two fl. ounces, three or four times a 
day, in diarrhoea, etc. 



Fluid Extract of Blackberry. 
R. Bark of blackberry root, in pow- 
der, No. 60, sixteen troy ounces. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Glycerin, three fl. ounces. 

Water, five fl. ounces. 

Mix the liquids, moisten the powder with 
four fl. ounces of the mixture, pack in a 
glass percolator, add the remaining mix- 
ture, and macerate for four days. Then, 
with diluted alcohol, displace twenty-four 
fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, add 
to the remainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, 
evaporate to two fl. ounces, and mix with 
reserved portion. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, half to one fl. drachm. 



Syrup of Blackberry. 
R. Fluid extract of blackberry, 

half a pint. 
Syrup, one pint and a half. 

Mix. Dose, about a tablespoonful. 

U. S. Ph. 



Syrup of Blackberries. 
R. Juice of blackberries, 

twenty ounces. 
Sugar, three pounds. 

Boil, and strain. Said to be very useful in 
dysentery. 

R. Blackberries, thirty quarts. 

Mash, strain through unbleached muslin, 
and express the remainder. Then heat in 
a proper vessel 

Sugar, (av.) sixty-four pounds. 

Water, two and one-quarter gallons. 

Make a syrup, and stir in the blackberry 
juice, continuing the heat until the syrup 
has boiled two or three minutes. The 
syrup should mark 31° Baum. while boil- 
ing. Remove from the fire, skim, and 
strain. As this syrup is rather insipid, its 
flavor may be improved by adding aro- 
matics. Ambrose Smith. 



502 



RUBUS IDJ1US. — EUTA 



RUBUS ID.EUS 

Raspberry. 



This is a European plant, cultivated in 
this country for its fruit, which is officinal 
in several European pharmacopoeias. 



Syrup of Raspberries. 

R. Raspberries, at will. 

Bruise, set aside for three days, express the 
juice, let settle until perfectly limpid, and 
filter ; then take of this 

Clarified raspberry juice, five parts. 

Sugar, nine parts. 

Dissolve by heat. Other fruit syrups are 
made by the same process. Ph. Germ. 



B 



Vinegar of Raspberries. 

Raspberry syrup, one part. 

Pure vinegar, two parts. 

Mix. An agreeable cooling drink. 

Ph. Germ. 



R 



Raspberry Water. 

Press cake obtained in making 
raspberry syrup, one part. 

Obtain by distillation with water two parts 
of distillate. Ph. Germ. 



RUMEX 



Dock. 

Various species of dock have been used 
at different times, but the R. crispus or yel- 
low dock is alone officinal in this country. 

Sex. Syst. Hexand. trigyn. Nat. S'yst. 
Polygonacese. 

Willd. Sp. PI. ii. 250. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
645. 

All of the species of dock are cooling, 
aperient, and slightly diuretic, but they are 
seldom employed. 



Decoction of Dock Root. 
R. Bruised yellow dock root, 

one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Boil for fifteen minutes, and strain. This 

has proved efficacious in ichthyosis. Dose, 

one il. ounce. A. T. Thomson. 



RUTA 

Rue. 

The only species recognized In medicine is 
tin Ruta graveolenSf&Bm&l] shrub with glau- 
cous leaveH and yellow flowers, a native of 



the south of Europe, but generally culti- 
vated in gardens. 
Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Eu- 

Linn. Sp. PI. 523. Griffith, Med. Bot. 189. 

The leaves are the part usually employed ; 
they have a nauseous odor, and a bitter, 
acrid, disagreeable taste. They are stimu- 
lant and antispasmodic, and have been 
much used as an emmenagogue and vermi- 
fuge. The dose of the powder is from ten 
to twenty grains two or three times a day, 
of the volatile oil one or two drops. 



R. 



Confection of Rue 
Powdered rue, | 



, 



Caraway, 
Laurel berries 
Sagapenum, 
Black pepper, 
Clarified honey, 



one ounce 



and a half. 

half an ounce. 

two drachms. 

sixteen ounces. 

Lond. Ph. 



Mix. 

It is used as an antispasmodic, in the 
form of an enema made with a scruple to a 
drachm, mixed with half a pint of warm, 
mucilaginous fluid. 



Extract of Rue. 
R. Dried rue, one part. 

Alcohol (60 pr. ct.), six parts. 

Exhaust the rue by the process of displace- 
ment, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate. 
Paris Codex. 



Mixture of Rue and Squill. 
R. Juice of rue leaves, one ounce. 
Oxymel of squill, half an ounce. 
Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in hys- 
teric affections. Pierquin. 



Oleo -infusion of Rue. 
R. Dried rue, one part. 

Olive oil, ten parts. 

Digest for two hours on a water-bath, agi- 
tating from time to time, express, and fil- 
ter. Paris Codex. 



R 



Syrup of Rue. 
Coarsely-powdered 

sugar, fifteen ounces. 

Tincture of rue, two fl. ounces. 

Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. 

Dissolve, and strain. Be'ral. 



Tincture of Rue. 
R. Expressed juice of rue, 
Alcohol (.84*7), each, 

four fl. ounces. 



SABADILLA. — S ABB ATI A. 



Mix, and filter at the end of twenty-four 
hours. Biral. 



Mixture of Rue. 

B * Rue ' ) each 

Savine, [ eaCi1 ' 

Wormwood, ) 



three 
drachms. 



Boiling water, 
Infuse, strain, and add 

Castor oil, 
As an injection, in cases of ascarides. 

Radius 



503 

one pint, 
half an ounce. 



8. 



SABADILLA. 

Cevadilla. 

This article is the seed of one or more 
plants belonging to the natural order of Me- 
lanthacese; the U. S. Ph. attributes it to 
Veratrum sabadilla, and the Brit. Ph. to 
Asagroza officinalis. 

The Cevadilla of the shops consists of 
follicles, seeds, etc. The first are ovate, 
oblong, acuminate, of a pale, yellowish- 
brown color, and a thin, papery consistence. 
The seeds are small, curved, acuminate, 
shining, wrinkled, and of a blackish-brown 
color. They have' very little odor, but their 
taste is bitter and acrid. These seeds are a 
drastic emeto-cathartic, and have been used 
as an anthelmintic, and in nervous diseases, 
etc. ; but are principally used in the prepa- 
ration of veratria. The dose is from two to 
ten grains, in powder ; but it should always 
be given with much caution. 



Compound Powder of Cevadilla. 
B. Powdered cevadilla, two grains. 

Sulphate of iron, one grain. 

Powdered santonica, 

Magnesia, each, ten grains. 

Mix. To be given four times a day, in 
cases of tenia. Radius. 



Tincture of Cevadilla. 
R. Seeds of cevadilla, 
bruised, 



at will. 



Alcohol. 



sufficient 



to cover them ; digest for ten days, and fil- 
ter. As a lotion in rheumatism. Turnbull. 



Extract of Cevadilla. 

R. Tincture of cevadilla, at will. 

Evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, 
one-sixth of a grain, as a substitute for 
veratria in tic douloureux, etc. Turnbull. 



Ointment of Cevadilla. 

R. Powdered cevadilla, four ounces. 
" mustard, 
" pellitory, each, 

two ounces. 
Lard, thirty-two ounces. 

Mix well. To destroy lice. Paris Codex. 



Ointment of Extract of Cevadilla. 

R. Extract of cevadilla, 

fifteen to twenty grains. 
Lard, one ounce. 

Mix well. As a substitute for veratria 
ointment, but not as efficient. Turribidl. 



R. 



Capuchin Powder. 

Powdered cevadilla, 
" stavesacre, 

" parsley seed, 
" tobacco. 



equal 
parts. 



Mix. 



To destroy vermin in the hair. 

Niemann. 



SABBATIA. 

American Centaury. 

The Sabbatia angularis is a small annual 
or biennial plant, growing in abundance in 
various parts of the United States, having 
numerous rose-colored flowers, which ap- 
pear in July and August. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Gentianacea^. 

Pursh, Flor. Am. i. 137. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 458. 

The herbaceous portion of the plant is 
officinal. It is a pure bitter, with no astrin- 
gency or aroma. 



504 



SABIXA 



Infusion of American Centaury. 
R. American centaury, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse ; and strain when cool. Dose, a 
wineglassful, every two hours, as a tonic. 

Chapman. 



Tincture of American Centaury. 
R. American centaury, one part. 

Diluted alcohol, six parts. 

Digest for four days, express, and filter. 
Dose, a fl. drachm to two fl. drachms. 



Extract of American Centaury. 

R. American centaury, one part. 

Diluted alcohol, eight parts. 

Subject the herb to two or three macera- 
tions in the alcohol ; heat to boiling ; unite 
the tinctures, distil off the alcohol, and 
evaporate the residue. 
Dose, five to ten grains. 



SABINA. 
Savine. 

Savine is the tops of Juniperus sabina, a 
small tree or shrub, a native of the south 
of Europe, somewhat resembling the red 
cedar in its foliage. 

Sex. Syst. Dicecia monadelph. Nat. Syst. 
Pinacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1472. Griffith, Med. Bot. 608. 

The tips of the branches are officinal. 
These, when dried, have a bitter, acrid taste, 
and an unpleasant odor. Savine is an ac- 
tive stimulant, acting powerfully on the skin 
and uterus. It also acts as an external irri- 
tant. The dose of the powder is from five 
to fifteen grains, three or four times a day. 



Powder of Savine and Ginger. 
R. Powdered savine, 
" ginger, 

each, one drachm. 
Sulphate of potassium, 

two drachms. 
Mix, and divide into six powders. One, to 
be taken twice a day, in amcnorrhcea. 

Ellis. 



Powder of Savine and Spanish Flies. 
R. Powdered savine, one drachm. 
u Spanish flics, 

two grains. 

Mix, and divide into four powders. One, 
at bedtime, in amenorrhea. Ellis. 



Powder of Savine and Verdigris. 
R. Powdered savine, 

" verdigris, equal parts. 

Mix. As an escharotic to venereal warts. 

J. Hunter. 



Powder of Savine and Pinkroot. 
R. Powdered pinkroot, 

" senna, each, two 

scruples. 
" savine, twelve grains. 
Mix, and divide into six powders. Anthel- 
mintic. One, every morning, till three are 
taken, then a dose of castor oil. If re- 
quired, repeat. Ellis. 



Pills of Savine. 
R. Extract of savine, half an ounce. 

Powdered savine, two drachms. 

Oil of savine, sufficient. 

Mix, and form pills of two grains each. 
Four, three times a day, as an emmena- 
gogue. Niemann. 



Extract of Savine. 
R. Powdered savine, one part. 

Alcohol (60 pr. ct.), six parts. 

Exhaust the savine by the process of dis- 
placement ; distil off the alcohol, and evap- 
orate on a water-bath. 

Paris Codex. 
Ph. Germ, exhausts with diluted alcohol. 



Oil of Savine. 
R. Savine, at will. 

Water, sufficient to cover. 

Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the 
product. Guibourt. 

A powerful stimulant emmenagogue, and 
rubefacient. Dose, two to five drops. 



Emulsion of Oil of Savine. 
R. Oil of savine, one fl. drachm. 

Spirit of nitrous ether, 

three fl. drachms. 

Mucilage of acacia, one fl. ounce. 

Water, sufficient for six fl. ounces. 

Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful every two hours, 

in amcnorrhcea. Tilt. 



Infusion of Savine. 

R. Savine, one drachm. 

Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 

Infuse for half an hour, and strain. Dose, 

half a fl. ounce. Pereira. 



SACCHAETJM. 



505 



R. Savine, 

Camphor, 

Boiling water, 
Infuse, and strain. 



one drachm. 

six grains. 

five fl. ounces. 

Horn. 



Tincture of Savine. 

R. Savine, two ounces and a half. 
Alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by maceration and displacement 
twenty fl. ounces of tincture. 

Dose, twenty minims to a fl. drachm. 

Brit. Ph. 



Compound Tincture of Savine. 
R. Extract of savine, one ounce. 
Tincture of castor, 

sixteen fl. ounces. 
" myrrh, eight fl. ounces. 

Digest till dissolved. As an emmenagogue. 
Lond. Ph. 1788. 

R. Compound tincture of 

savine, one fl. ounce. 

Tincture of black 

hellebore, half a fl. ounce. 

Tincture of castor, two fl. drachms. 

Mix. Forty drops, three times a day. 

Ellis. 



Fluid Extract of Savine. 
R. Savine, in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troy ounces. 

Stronger alcohol, sufficient. 

Moisten powder with half a pint of the alco- 
hol, pack firmly in a percolator, add half a 
pint of the alcohol, and macerate for four 
days. Then displace twenty-four fl. ounces, 
reserving the first fourteen, evaporate the 
remainder on a water-bath to two fl. ounces 
and mix. U. S. Ph. 

A convenient form for administering 
savine. Dose, five to fifteen minims. 



Mix. As an application to venereal warts. 

Radius. 

R. Fresh savine, bruised, 

eight ounces. 
Yellow wax, three ounces. 

Lard, sixteen ounces. 

Melt the lard and wax together, mix in the 
savine, digest for twenty minutes, and ex- 
press through linen. Brit. Ph. 



Savine Cerate. 
R. Fluid extract of savine, 

three fl. ounces. 
Resin cerate, twelve troyounces. 
Melt the cerate, add the fluid extract, stir, 
at a moderate heat, constantly until the alco- 
hol has evaporated, and finally until cool. 

U. S. Ph. 
As a dressing to keep up the discharge 
of blisters, etc. 



R. 



Savine Ointment. 
Powdered savine, 
Lard, equal parts. 



R. Extract of savine, 
Simple ointment, 
Mix thoroughly. 



one part, 
nine parts. 
Ph. Germ. 



SACCHARUM. 

Sugar. 

Sugar is procured from the Saccharum 
officinarum and other species, and is used 
in several forms, as molasses, brown and 
refined sugar, the latter of which only is 
recognized in the U. S. Ph. 



Syrup. 

R. Sugar, thirty-six troyounces. 

Water, sufficient. 

Dissolve the sugar, with heat, in twenty 
fl. ounces of the water, boil and strain while 
hot; pass through the strainer sufficient 
water to make the syrup measure forty-four 
fl. ounces, or weigh fifty-five trovounces. 
It has the sp. gr. 1.317. U. S. Ph. 

Somewhat diluted with water it has been 
recommended by Dr. Trait in granular eye- 
lids. 



Caramel, or Burnt Sugar. 
R. Sugar, at will. 

Place in a shallow vessel, and heat over 
a gentle fire till it assumes a dark-brown 
color. Used as a coloring for spirits, etc. 

Gray. 
The previous addition of some ammonia 
or carbonate of ammonium facilitates the 
conversion of the sugar into caramel. 



Vermifuge Sugar. 

R. Ethiops mineral, two parts. 

Quicksilver, three parts. 

Rub together until the globules are extin- 
guished ; add 

Sugar, seven parts, 

and mix thoroughly. Soubeiran. 

Saccharated Powders. 

Under this name, M. Be>al has proposed 
the mixture of sugar with various active 
medicines, all the ingredients being reduced 



506 



SACCHARUM LACTIS. — SAGAPEXUM 



to powder. The peculiarity of the prepa- 
ration is that sugar enters it in large pro- 
portion, while the true medical agent is in 
small quantity. 



Saccharated Powder of Digitalis. 

R. Fresh leaves of digitalis, 
deprived of midribs 
and nerves, one part. 

Place in bibulous paper, and expose to the 
air in the shade for twelve hours. Then 
mix carefully with 

White sugar, three parts. 

Dry the mixture with a gentle heat, pul- 
verize, and preserve in opaque bottles. 

In the same manner may be prepared 
saccharated powders of fresh aconite leaves, 
belladonna, hemlock, henbane, savine, stra- 
monium, and rue. Dorvault. 



Saccharated Powder of Jalap. 

R. Tincture of jalap, sixty parts. 
Sugar, in small lumps, 

five hundred parts. 

Pour the tincture on the sugar, and permit 
the alcohol to evaporate spontaneously, or 
on a sand-bath. The process of evapora- 
tion may be accelerated by reducing the 
sugar to a coarse powder, twenty-four hours 
after the addition of the tincture. The 
active principle is retained in the sugar. 

In the same manner may be prepared 
saccharated powders of — 

Belladonna, Myrrh, 

Castor, Nutmeg, 

Cinnamon, Rhubarb, 

Cinchona, Saffron, 

Cloves, Squill, 

Henbane, Tolu, 

Ipecacuanha, Vanilla, 

Mace, Etc. Etc. 

This mode of obtaining the active princi- 
ples of medicines in a soluble form, may be 
resorted to, advantageously, in making 
lozenges. Dorvault. 



Oleo-saccharated Powders. 
R. Any volatile oil, one part. 

Sugar, seventy-two parts. 

Rub together. For convenience of prepa- 
ration, one drop of the oil to one drachm of 
BUgar is sufficiently accurate for all practi- 
cal purposes. By this admixture, the vola- 
tile oil becomes soluble in water. 

Dorvault. 
Ph. Germ, uses one drop of the oil to 
two grammes of sugar. 



SACCHARUM LACTIS. 

Sugar of Milk. 



R. Whey, 



at will. 



Clarify with white of egg, and evaporate on 
water-bath to crystallization, and set aside 
in a cool place. Redwood. 

Cooling and slightly laxative, in doses of 
two drachms to one ounce ; but mostly em- 
ployed as a vehicle for medicinal powders, 
and for reducing other medicinal substances 
to very fine powders by triturating them 
with the hard milk sugar. Cow's milk, di- 
luted with water and with milk sugar added, 
has been recommended as a good substitute 
for the milk of the human female. 



Mixture of Sugar of Milk and Iceland 
Moss. 

R. Iceland moss, four drachms. 

Water, one pint and a half. 

Reduce to one-half by boiling, strain, and 
add 

Sugar of milk, two drachms. 

Milk, one pint. 

Syrup of asparagus, three ounces. 
A cupful occasionally, in chronic catarrh. 

Cadet. 



Mixture of Sugar of Milk and Gum 
Arabic. 

R. Sugar of milk, 

Sugar, each, two pounds. 

Gum Arabic, three pounds. 

Extract of dog-grass, 

seven ounces. 

Mix. Half an ounce, dissolved in a quart 
of water, forms a refreshing and demulcent 
drink. Cadet. 



Sugar of Milk Draught. 
R. Sugar of milk, half an ounce. 

Boiling water, two pounds. 

Lemon juice, sufficient. 

Mix. Recommended in cholera, to appease 
the thirst. Ammon. 



SAGAPENUM. 

Sagapenum. 

This is a gum resin, derived most proba- 
bly from some plant belonging to the Apia- 
ceaB. It is in irregular masses, composed 
of cohering fragments of a yellowish-brown, 
olive, or reddish-yellow color ; of a waxy 
consistence, of a somewhat alliaceous odor, 
and a pungent, bitterish, unpleasant taste. 
It is a mild stimulant, somewhat resembling 
assafetida in its properties, but inferior to 



SAGO 



SALIX 



507 



it. It has been used as an emmenagogue 
and antispasmodic, but it is now seldom 
prescribed internally, but is still employed 
as an external application as a discutient. 



Prepared Sagapenum. 
R. Sagapenum, one pound. 

Water, sufficient to cover. 

Heat the sagapenum with the water until 
they are mixed. Strain through a hair 
sieve, and evaporate on a water-bath, stir- 
ring constantly. Lond. Ph. 1836. 



R. 



Compound Sagapenum Pills 
Sagapenum, 
Aloes, 



one ounce. 

half a drachm. 

sufficient. 



Syrup of ginger, 

Beat together. Dose, ten grains. 

Lond. Ph. 1836. 
As a stimulant, antispasmodic laxative, in 
flatulent colic, etc. 



SAGO. 

Sago. 

This is the prepared fecula of the pith of 
various species of Palmacese and Cycada- 
cese. It is prepared in two forms, meal and 
pearl sago, the latter of which is most gene- 
rally employed. This is in small, hard, 
whitish or brownish grains, inodorous, and 
of a mucilaginous taste. It is insoluble in 
cold water, but by long boiling forms a 
glutinous solution. It is nutritive, easily 
digestible, and forms an excellent article of 
diet for the sick and convalescent. 



Sago Mucilage. 
R. Sago, one ounce. 

Water, one pint. 

Macerate by a gentle heat, for two hours, 
then boil for fifteen minutes, stirring con- 
tinually, till the grains are perfectly dis- 
solved ; add sugar or flavoring, according 
to circumstances. A. T. Thomson. 



R 



Sago, 
Water, 



Sago Posset. 



two ounces, 
two pints. 
Macerate for two hours, by a gentle heat, 
then boil, till a mucilage is formed ; then 
rub half an ounce of sugar on the rind of a 
lemon, add this and one fl. drachm of tinc- 
ture of ginger to half a pint of sherry wine, 
pour the whole into the sago mucilage, and 
boil for five minutes. Useful in convales- 
cence to restore strength. A wineglassful 
to be taken every four or five hours. 

A. T. Thomson. 



R 



Sago, 
Water, 



Sago Milk. 

one ounce, 
one pint. 
Macerate for half an hour, then add 

Milk, one pint and a half. 

Boil slowly, till the sago is perfectly dis- 
solved. A. T. Thomson. 



SALICINUM. 

Salicin. 



R 



Decoction of willow bark, at will. 

Treat with slaked lime, filter, and evaporate 
to consistence of syrup ; add alcohol, again 
filter, evaporate, and let crystallize ; wash 
the crystals with cold water. Cottereau. 

Dose, four or six grains every three hours, 
in apyrexia of intermittents. 



R 



Pills of Salicin. 

Salicin, 

Extract of gentian, 

each, twelve grains. 

Liquorice powder, sufficient. 

Mix, and make six pills. Foy. 

R. Salicin, twenty-four grains. 

Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient 
to make eight pills. Dose, one pill every 
three hours, in the apyrexia of intermittent 
fevers. Ellis. 



Compound Salicin Pills. 
R. Salicin, one scruple. 

Compound rhubarb pill, 

two scruples. 
Mix, and make twelve pills. Beasley. 



Compound Powder of Salicin. 
R. Salicin, two scruples. 

Aromatic powder, one drachm. 
Mix, and divide into twelve powders. 

Neligan. 

R. Salicin, fifteen grains. 

Tartar emetic, one grain. 

Powdered sugar, fifty grains. 

Mix, and divide into ten powders. One, 
thrice a day. Krombolz. 



SALIX 

Willow. 



Many species of willow have been used in 
medicine, and are recognized in the different 
pharmacopoeias; that admitted by the U. S. 
Ph. is the Salix alba, a small tree, a native 



508 



SALVIA 



of Europe, but extensively cultivated in the 
United States. 
Sex. Syst. Dicecia diand. Nat. Syst. Salica- 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1449. Lindley, Flor. Med. 
318. 

The officinal portion is the hark ; this is in 
thin, flexible, fibrous pieces, of a brown 
color. It has a peculiar, aromatic odor, 
and an astringent, bitter taste. It is tonic 
and astringent, and has been used as a sub- 
stitute for Peruvian bark. 



Extract of Willow Bark. 

R. Powdered willow bark, two parts. 
Distilled water, one part. 

Macerate twelve hours, transfer to a perco- 
lator, exhaust, raise the liquid to the boil- 
ing point, strain, and evaporate to the 
consistence of an extract. Dorvault. 



Compound Powder of Willow Bark. 


R. Powdered willow bark, 




u 


horse-chest- 






nut bark, 


equal 


u 


gentian, 


parts. 


a 


calamus, 




u 


avens root, 




In intermittent fevers, in drachm doses. 






Hufeland. 



Willow Bark Dentifrice. 

R. Powdered willow bark, 
" charcoal, 

each, half an ounce. 
Extract of myrrh, two drachms. 



Balsam of Peru, 
Oil of cinnamon, 

Triturate well together. 



half a scruple, 
three drops. 

Phoebus. 



Decoction of Willow Bark. 
R. Contused willow bark, 

one ounce and a half. 



Water, 
Boil down to one-half. 



fifteen fl. ounces. 

Niemann. 



Ointment of Willow Leaves. 

R. Expressed juice of willow 

leaves, two fl. ounces. 

Lard, sufficient. 

Mix, and heat till moisture is driven off. 
Useful as a dressing to foul ulcers. 

Hufeland. 



SALVIA. 

Sage. 

Though many species of Salvia possess 
analogous remedial properties, one only- is 
recognized by the U. S. Ph.— the Salvia offi- 
cinalis, a perennial plant, native of the south 
of Europe, but generally cultivated in our 
gardens, flowering in June, at which time 
it should be collected. 

Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. La- 
miacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 34. Griffith, Med. Bot. 505. 

The leaves are the officinal portion. These 
have a strong, fragrant odor, and a warm, 
bitterish, aromatic, somewhat astringent 
taste. Sage is stimulant, with some as- 
tringent and tonic powers. It is principally 
used in the composition of gargles, and is 
also said to abate the excessive sweats in 
hectic fever. The dose, in powder, is from 
twenty to thirty grains. 



Infusion of Sage. 
R. Sage, one troyounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse for half an hour, and strain. 

U. S. Ph. 
Sugar and lemon juice may be added, ac- 
cording to circumstances. As a drink in 
fevers, and as a vehicle for gargles. 



Compound Infusion of Sage. 
R. Sage, 

Boneset, each, half an ounce. 

Cascarilla, one drachm. 

Water, one pint and a half. 

Infuse till cold, and strain. Dose, a wine- 
glassful every three or four hours. In hec- 
tic fever. Ellis. 



Water of Sage. 

one part, 
sufficient. 
Macerate and distil two parts. Used as a 
vehicle. Paris Codex. 



R. Sage, 
Water, 



Concentrated Sage Water. 
R. Sage, five parts. 

Water, sufficient. 

Alcohol, one part. 

Macerate, and distil five parts. 

Sage water is made by diluting one part 
of this concentrated, with nine parts of dis- 
tilled water. Ph. Germ. 



Aromatic Water. 
(Cephalic Water.) 
U. Sage, 
Rosemary, 
Pepperi 
Lavender 



"7i ) 
mint, y 
er, ) 



each, 



four parts, 
two parts. 



SAMBUCTJS 



509 



Fennel, 

Cinnamon, each, one part. 

Alcohol, twenty-six parts. 

Macerate for a day with sufficient water, 
and distil seventy-two parts. Ph. Germ. 



Gargle of Sage. 
R. Infusion of sage, one pint. 

Diluted sulphuric 

acid, two drachms. 

Honey of roses, one ounce. 

Mix. In relaxation of the uvula, etc. 

Radius, 

R. Infusion of sage, two pints. 

Tincture of Peruvian bark, 
Syrup of mulberries, 



each, 



half a fl. ounce. 



Spirit of horseradish, one drachm. 
Mix. More active than the last. Cadet. 



Vinegar of Sage. 
R. Sage, bruised, one part. 

White vinegar, twelve parts. 

Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 
Paris Codex. 



Distilled Vinegar of Sage. 
R. Sage, one part. 

Yinegar, six parts. 

Mix, and distil four parts. B6ral. 

As a gargle, mixed with water. 



SAMBTJCUS 

Elder Flowers. 

The species recognized by the U. S. Ph. is 
the Sambucus Canadensis, which appears to 
be perfectly identical in properties with the 
European kind, the S. nigra. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand trigyn. Nat. Syst. Ca- 
prifoliacese. 

Willd. Sp. PL 1494. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
353. 

The officinal portion is the flowers, but the 
berries, bark, and leaves are also used. 
The flowers have a faint but peculiar odor, 
when dried, and a bitterish taste. They are 
slightly stimulant and diaphoretic. The 
berries are diaphoretic and laxative; the 
bark acts as a hydragogue purgative, as do 
also the leaves. 



Elder-Flower Water. 
R. Fresh elder flowers, ten pounds. 
Water, twenty pounds. 

Mix, and distil ten pounds. Brit. Ph. 

Principally used as a flavoring ingre- 
dient in mixtures and emulsions. 



Vinegar of Elder Flowers. 
R. Elder flowers, one part. 

White vinegar, twelve parts. 

Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 
As a gargle. Paris Codex. 



Gargle of Elder Flowers. 
R. Elder flowers, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse, strain, and add 

Nitrate of potassium, 

half an ounce. 
Tincture of burnet, 

three fl. drachms. 

Oxymel, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. Saunders. 



Fomentation of Elder Flowers. 
R. Elder flowers, one part. 

Tepid water, twenty parts. 

Infuse for one hour, and strain. 

Paris Codex. 



Extract of Elder Berries. 

R. Ripe elder berries, at will. 

Heat gradually, with constant stirring, 
until ruptured, then express, let settle, 
strain, and evaporate to a soft extract, 
twelve parts of which are to be incorporated 
while warm, with one part of powdered 
sugar. Ph. Germ. 

Has been praised in rheumatic, gouty, 
and eruptive affections ; in doses of one to 
four drachms. 



each, 



Mixture of Extract of Elder Berries. 

R. Extract of elder 
berries, 
Pulp of prunes, 
Syrup of red 

poppies, 

Nitrate of potassium, one drachm. 
Mix. Two or three spoonfuls a day, in 
asthma. St. Marie. 



two ounces. 



Decoction of Elder Bark. 

R. Elder bark, three ounces. 

Water, two pints. 

Boil to one-half. Half a pint, morning and 

evening, in dropsy. Sydenham. 



Ointment of Elder Leaves. 
R. Fresh elder leaves, three pounds. 
Lard, four pounds. 

Suet, two pounds. 



510 



SA^GUINARIA. — SAXTALUM, 



Boil the leaves in the lard till crisp ; ex- 
press, strain, add the suet, and melt. 

Dub. Ph. 1826. 
As a cooling application. 



Ointment of Elder Flowers. 
R. Elder flowers, 

Lard, equal parts. 

Melt, and continue heat, till all moisture is 
driven off, and express. Be'ral. 

Used as the last. 



SANGUINARIA. 
Bloodroot. 

This 'is the rhizome of the Sanguinaria 
Canadensis, popularly known as bloodroot, 
or puccoon. It is a small, herbaceous 
perennial, flowering at the very commence- 
ment of the spring ; at which time the leaf 
is small, but attains a large size during the 
summer. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Papaveracese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 723. Griffith, Med. Bot. 127. 

The rhizome is horizontal, abrupt, often 
contorted, of a reddisb-brown color exter- 
nally, and of a bright orange-red within. 
When dried it is somewhat flattened, much 
wrinkled and twisted, of a reddish-brown 
color externally, and of a bright orange 
within, becoming brown by exposure. The 
powder is brownish-red. It has a faint, 
narcotic odor, and a bitterish, acrid taste, 
which is very persistent. It is an acrid 
emetic, with narcotic and stimulant prop- 
erties. Dose, as an emetic, from ten to 
twenty grains; for other purposes, from 
one to five grains. 



Pills of Bloodroot. 
R. Powdered bloodroot, one drachm. 
Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and make thirty pills. One to two 
as an alterative, etc., five to ten as an 
emetic. 



Infusion of Bloodroot. 

R. Bloodroot, half an ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse for two hours. Dose, half to one fl. 

ounce. Beasley. 



Vinegar of Bloodroot. 
R. Bloodroot, in powder, 



No. 40, 



Diluted acetic acid, 



four troy ounces. 



sufficient. 



Obtain by maceration for Revcn days, or 
by percolation, two pints. U. S. Ph. 

Used in same doses as the tincture. 



Tincture of Bloodroot. 

R. Bloodroot, in powder, 

No. 50, four troy ounces. 

Displace with a mixture of three parts of 
alcohol and one of water, until two pints 
of tincture are obtained. U. S. Ph. 

As emetic, three or four fl. drachms ; as 
expectorant, alterative, etc., thirty to sixty 



R. Bruised bloodroot, two ounces. 
Spirit of nitrous ether, two pints. 

Digest eight days, and filter. 

This is a valuable expectorant and dia- 
phoretic, in doses of half a fl. drachm to 
one fl. drachm. Mettauer. 



each, in coarse 
powder, 
one ounce. 



Compound Tincture of Bloodroot 

R. Bloodroot, 

Lobelia, 

Skunk-cabbage 
root, 

Asarabacca, 

Pleurisy root, 
Place them in a vessel, and cover with 

Boiling water or 

vinegar, one pint, 

and cover tightly. When cold, add 

Alcohol, three pints. 

Macerate fourteen days, and filter. Used 
as an emetic. Eel. Med. Jour. 



Syrup of Bloodroot. 
R. Coarsely-powdered 

bloodroot, eight ounces. 

Acetic acid, four ounces.' 

Water, five pints. 

Sugar, (troy) two pounds. 

Mix two fl. ounces of the acetic acid with 
a pint of water, and macerate the root for 
three days. Transfer to a percolator, and 
displace with the remainder of the water, 
previously mixed with the other half of 
the acetic acid. Evaporate on a water- 
bath to eighteen fl. ounces, add the sugar, 
and form a syrup. T. S. Wiegand. 



SANTALUM. 

Red Saunders. 

This is the wood of Pterocarpvs santalinus, 
a lofty tree, found in the East Indies. It is 
imported in logs or billets. 

Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. 
Fabacete. 

Linn. Suppl. 318. Griffith, Med. Bot. 245. 

Bed Saunders is a mild astringent and 



SANTALTJM ALBUM. SAKTONIOA. 



511 



tonic ; but it is chiefly, if not exclusively, 
employed to impart color. 



SANTALUM ALBUM. 

Sandalwood. 

This tree is indigenous to India ; its wood 
is heavy, light colored, and fragrant. 

Nat. Ord. Santalacese 

The wood yields on distillation with water 
a highly fragrant volatile oil, which is much 
used in perfumery. This oil has been highly 
recommended by Dr. T. B. Henderson, 
Berkeley Hill, and others, as a remedy in 
gonorrhoea, and is considered as equal or 
even superior to copaiba and cubebs. It is 
given in doses of fifteen to thirty minims 
thrice daily. It is given either in gelatin 
capsules, or dissolved in three parts of 
alcohol. 



Zoll's Pink Paste. 
R. Oil of sandalwood, sixty drops. 
" copaiba, three drachms. 
White turpentine, four drachms. 
Sugar, 

Gum Arabic, each, one ounce. 
Mix thoroughly. Maryland Coll. Ph. 



SANTONICA. 

Semen Contra. 
Levant Wormseed. 

The unexpanded flowers of various 
species of Artemisia indigenous to Barbary, 
Southern Russia, and the Levant have occa- 
sionally been used under the above names ; 
but the only kind recognized now by the 
pharmacopoeias is derived from Art. Cina, 
an herbaceous plant indigenous to Persia. 

Sex. Syst. Syng. pol. super. Nat. Syst. As- 
teracese. 

Willkomm, Botan. Zeit., 1872, No. 9. 

They are about a line in length, oval, 
obtuse at both ends, of a greenish-brown 
color, of a strong, somewhat terebinthinate 
odor, and a bitter camphoraceous taste, and 
resembling small seeds in appearance. San- 
tonica has anthelmintic properties. Dose, 
ten to sixty grains. 



Powder of Santonica. 
R. Santonica, 

Extract of tansy, each, six grains. 
Oxide of iron, four grains. 



Oil of valerian. 



Mix. 
R. 



Santonica, 
Powdered jalap, 
Calomel, 



one drop. 

Augustin. 

three drachms. 

thirty grains. 

six grains. 



Mix and divide into six powders. Dose, 
for a child of six years, one, morning and 
night. Hufeland. 



R 



Infusion of Santonica. 

Santonica, one part. 

Boiling water, one hundred parts. 

Macerate until cold, and strain. Dose, one 
to two fl. ounces. Dorvault. 



Electuary of Santonica. 



R. Santonica, 

Sulphate of iron, 

Jalap, 

Honey, each, 
Mix. 



ten grains, 
four grains. 

one scruple. 

Rosenstein. 



R 



Mixture of Santonica. 

Infusion of santonica, 

four fl. ounces. 

Syrup of senna, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. Foy. 

R. Santonica, ninety grains. 

Hot water, sufficient for making 

infusion three fl. ounces. 

Syrup of orange-peel, two drachms. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours. 

Radius. 



Enema of Santonica. 
R. Santonica, 

Valerian, each, four drachms. 

Boiling water, sufficient. 

Make six fl. ounces of infusion, and add 

Assafetida, forty grains, 

previously rubbed with the yolk of an egg. 
Use for two clyster. G. A. Richter. 



Oleoresinous Extract of Santonica. 
R. Santonica, bruised, at will. 

Exhaust with a mixture consisting of equal 
weights of alcohol and ether ; distil and 
evaporate to a thin extract. Ph. Germ. 
Dose, five to fifteen grains. 



Syrup of Santonica. 
R. Santonica, one part. 

Boiling water, sufficient. 

Obtain ten parts of infusion and dissolve 
in it nineteen parts of sugar. Dose, two 
to four fl. drachms. Dorvault. 



512 



SA^TONINTJM. — SAPO 



each. 



sufficient. 



SANTONINTJM. 

Santonin. 
R. Santonica, in powder, 

No. 40, forty-eight troyounces. 
Lime, recently slaked, 

eighteen troyounces. 
Animal charcoal, 
Diluted alcohol, 
Acetic acid, 
Alcohol, 

Digest santonica and lime with twelve 
pints of diluted alcohol for twenty-four 
hours, and express ; repeat digestion and 
expression twice with similar quantities of 
diluted alcohol. Mix the tinctures, distil 
and evaporate to eight pints, filter, evapo- 
rate to four pints, supersaturate slightly 
with acetic acid, and after two days, collect 
the crystalline mass, wash with water, and 
dry. Boil the mass with ten times its weight 
of alcohol, digest for several hours with 
animal charcoal, filter while hot, wash the 
charcoal with sufficient hot alcohol, and 
crystallize; dry, and preserve in dark hot- 
ties. U. S. Ph. 
It is tasteless at first, afterwards hitter; 
almost insoluble in cold water; on exposure 
to light it becomes yellow, but its medicinal 
properties are said not to be affected by this 
change. Dose, half to three or even eight 
grains to adults. Large doses usually pro- 
duce chromatopsy, the objects of vision ap- 
pearing yellow or red. 



Powder of Santonin. 

R. Santonin, six grains. 

Sugar of milk, fifteen grains. 

Mix, divide into six powders, and give one 
night and morning, to a child five years 
old, for lumbrici. Thomas. 



Lozenges of Santonin. 
R. Santonin, half a troyounce. 

Sugar, eighteen troyounces. 

Tragacanth, half a troyounce. 

Orange-flower water, sufficient. 
Bub the powders together, and make four 
hundred and eighty lozenges. U. S. Ph. 
Santonin lozenges of the German phar- 
macopoeia are made with chocolate, weigh 
one gramme each, and contain each five cen- 
tigrammes — the weaker, half that quantity, 
or about three-eighths of a grain — of san- 
tonin. Santonin lozenges of Parts Codex 
contain one centigramme of santonin, and are 
made with sugar, and colored by carmine. 



Santonate of Sodium. 
H. Santonin, two ounces. 

Solution of soda, four 11. ounces, 
or sufficient. 



Digest at about 170° until dissolved, evapo- 
rate and crystallize to form prisms contain- 
ing fifty-four per cent, of santonin. 

If the solution be evaporated until a thick 
pellicle forms, pearly needles containing 
sixty per cent, of santonin are obtained. 

Donde. 



Syrup of Santonate of Sodium. 
R. Santonate of sodium, thirty grains. 



Distilled water. 



one ounce. 



Syrup, eighteen fl. ounces. 

Concentrate the syrup to 32° B., and add 
the santonate, previously dissolved in the 
water. A tablespoonful represents one 
grain of santonin. Dond6. 



SAPO 
Soap. 



Soaps are combinations of animal or vege- 
table oils with one or more of the alkalies; 
they are principally used for washing, but 
some of them are officinal. 



SAPO DURUS. 
Hard Soap. 

Under the above name officinal in the 
Brit. Ph., under the name of Sapo in the 
U. S. Ph., and under the name of Sapo 
medicatus in the Ph. Germ. It is a combi- 
nation of olive oil and soda. 



Spanish or Castile Soap. 

This is the officinal soap of the U. S. Ph., 
and presents two varieties, the white and 
the marbled, the first of which only should 
be used. 



SAPO MOLLIS. 

Soft Soap. 

This soap is a combination of olive or 
other vegetable oils and potassa, or animal 
oils with the same alkali. 



SAPO VULGARIS. 

Common Soap 

soap, made from tallow and 



Distilled water, twelve fl. 



Is a hard 
caustic soda. 

Besides these officinal soaps there are 
j m;uiy others, which are used medicinally, 
ounces, or for cleansing purposes. 



SAPO 



513 



Almond Soap. 
R. Caustic solution of 

soda, one thousand parts. 

Oil of almonds, two thousand 
one hundred parts. 
Mix, and keep the mixture for some days 
at a temperature of 68° F., stirring from 
time to time, until it acquires the consist- 
ence of a soft paste ; place in moulds until 
dry. It should not be used for medicinal 
purposes, until it has been exposed to the 
action of the air for a month or two. 

Paris Codex. 



Beef-Marrow Soap. 
R. Purified beef 

marrow, five hundred parts. 
Caustic solution of soda, 

two hundred and fifty parts. 
Common salt, one hundred parts. 
Water, one thousand parts. 

Put the marrow, with hot water, into a 
porcelain vessel, and heat until it is melted ; 
then add the solution of caustic soda, by 
degrees, constantly stirring, till saponifica- 
tion is complete ; then add the salt, slightly 
stirring, collect the soap which rises, drain 
it, melt it by a gentle heat, pour into 
moulds, and allow it to solidify. 

Paris Codex. 



equal 



Soap of Turpentine. 
(Starkey's Soap.) 

R. Dry carb. of potassium, 

Oil of turpentine, 

Venice turpentine, ) parts * 

Triturate the potassium with the oil, and 
then with the turpentine, until the mass 
has attained a proper consistence. Pre- 
serve in an earthenware vessel. 

Paris Codex. 

Was supposed to be a corrector of the 

injurious effects of opium, hellebore, etc. 

It is now principally given in gonorrhoea 

and dropsy. Dose, eight to ten grains. 

R. Hard soap, in powder, 

Oil of turpentine, each, six parts. 
Carbonate of potassium, one part. 
Beat together into a uniform mass. 

Ph. Germ. 
Known also as External balsam of life. 

Aromatic Soap. 
R. Concentrated solution 

of soap, six ounces 

Oil of bergamot, 
" lavender 
" rosemary 
33 



)t, ) 



each, two 
drachms. 



Mix. Employed in baths, as a tonic and 
antispasmodic. Niemann. 



Camphorated Soap. 
R. White soap, sixteen ounces. 

Boiling water, eight ounces. 

Olive oil, six ounces. 

Powdered camphor, one drachm. 
Dissolve the soap in the water, evaporate 
gently to the consistence of a soft paste, 
add the camphor incorporated in the oil, 
mix well, and pour into moulds. 

Said to be useful in chaps and excoria- 
tions. Wetzler. 



Cosmetic Soap Powder. 

R. White soap, twelve ounces. 

Carbonate of potassium, 

two ounces. 
Powdered orris root, three ounces. 
" horse-chestnuts, 

two pounds. 
Oil of lavender, 
" bergamot, each, 

forty drops. 

" lemon, thirty drops. 

" cloves, ten drops. 

Sugar, half an ounce. 

Mix, and form a powder. Niemann. 

Arsenical Soap. 
R. Arsenious acid, two pounds. 

Carbonate of potassium, 

twelve ounces. 

Camphor, five ounces. 

White soap, two pounds. 

Powdered lime, eight ounces. 

Reduce each to powder, and mix. Used as 

a preservative for specimens of natural 

history against the attacks of insects. 

Known as Beconi's arsenical soap. 

Gannal. 



Soap Cerate. 

R. Soap plaster, two troy ounces. 

Yellow wax, two and a half 

troyounces. 

Olive oil, four troyounces. 

Melt together, adding the oil last, and stir 
till cool. U. S. Ph. 

Soap cerate is cooling and sedative. 



Soap Cerate Plaster. 

R. Hard soap, in powder, ten ounces. 

Yellow wax, twelve and 

a half ounces. 



514 



SAPO. 



Oxide of lead, fifteen ounces. 

Olive oil, one pint (imp.). 

Vinegar, one gallon (imp.). 

Dissolve the oxide in the vinegar by boil- 
ing ; add the soap, and boil until most of 
the moisture is evaporated ; then add wax 
and oil, melt, and mix. Brit. Ph. 

Used like the preceding. 

Camphorated Soap Liniment. 
(Opodeldoc.) 

R. Common soap, sliced, 

three ounces. 
Camphor, one ounce. 

Oilof rosemary, 
" origanum, each, one 

fl. drachm. 
Alcohol, one pint. 

Digest the soap in the alcohol, on a sand- 
bath, until dissolved ; add the camphor and 
oils, dissolve, and pour into broad-mouthed 
bottles. U. S. Ph. 1850. 

Ph. Germ, adds to the above quantity 
about six drachms of ammonia water. 

R. Alkaline tincture of soap, 

ten parts. 

Spirit of camphor, nine parts. 

Oil of almonds, one part. 

Mix. Paris Codex. 



Alkaline Tincture of Soap. 

R. White soap, twenty parts. 

Carbonate of potassium, one part. 

Alcohol (60 pr. ct.), 

one hundred parts. 
Dissolve. Paris Codex. 



Soap Liniment. 
(Liquid Opodeldoc.) 

R. Soap, in shavings, four troyounces. 

Camphor, two troyounces. 

Oil of rosemary, half a fl. ounce. 

Water, six fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, two pints. 

Digest the soap in the water until dissolved ; 
add the alcohol, holding the camphor and 
oil in solution, and filter. if. S. Ph. 

The formula of Brit. Ph. is very similar; 
that of Ph. Germ, has about one ounce of 
ammonia water in the above quantity. 



Ammoniacal Soap Liniment. 

R. Soap, in shavings, one part. 

Water, thirty parts. 

Alcohol, ten parts. 

Water of ammonia, fifteen pints. 



Digest the soap with the water until dis- 
solved; then add the alcohol and ammonia. 

Ph. Germ. 



Tincture of Soap. 
(Soap Spirit.) 

R. Olive oil soap, one part. 

Alcohol, three parts. 

Rose water, two parts. 

Dissolve and filter. Ph Germ. 



Saponine. 

(For cleaning gloves.) 

R. Powdered soap, 

two hundred and fifty parts. 
Solution of chlorinated 

potassa, one hundred and 

sixty-five parts. 
Solution of ammonia, ten parts. 
Water, 

one hundred and fifty parts. 
Mix, and form a paste ; a small portion 
rubbed on a glove with a piece of flannel 
will cleanse it. Duvignan. 



Grease Balls. 

R. Fuller's earth, 

two pounds four ounces. 

Carbonate of sodium, 

Soap, each, eight ounces. 

Add 

Yolks of eggs, eight. 

Well beaten with 

Ox gall, eight ounces. 

Levigate thoroughly, form into cakes or 
balls, and dry. 



Lenormand. 



Bolus of Soap. 

R. White soap, two scruples. 

Oil of caraway, two or three drops. 
Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and make two boluses. They are 
purgative. Swediaur. 



Nitrated Pills of Soap. 

R. White soap, twenty parts. 

Marsh mallow root, 

powdered, three parts. 

Nitrate of potassium, two parts. 
Beat together till well incorporated, and 
divide into four-grain pills. Paris Codex. 
Simple soap pills of Paris Codex con- 
tain three grains of soap. 



SAPO 



515 



Pills of Soap and Ox Gall. 

R. Powdered white soap, 

two drachms. 
Extract of ox gall, one drachm. 
Mix, and incorporate 

Powdered guaiacum, 

Calomel, each, half a drachm. 

Powdered guaiacum 

wood, sufficient. 

Mix, and make four-grain pills. In gout, 
one to two, morning and evening. 

Vicq D'Azir. 



Compound Soap Pills. 

R. White soap, three drachms. 
Ammoniac, 

Rhubarb, each, one drachm. 

Aloes, ten grains. 
Assafetida, 

Saffron, each, thirty-six grains. 

Mix, and make three-grain pills. Purga- 
tive and alterative ; four to six a day. 

Recamier. 

R. Powdered opium, half an ounce. 

Soap, two ounces. 

Beat into a pilular mass, with water. Dose, 

three to five grains. U. S. Ph. 



Soap Plaster. 

R. Soap, sliced, four troyounces. 
Lead plaster, thirty-six troyounces. 

Eub the soap into a semi-fluid state with 
water ; then mix it with the plaster, pre- 
viously melted, and boil to proper consist- 
ence. U. S. Ph. 



R. Hard soap, 
Lead plaster, 
Resin, 



six ounces. 

thirty-six ounces. 

one ounce. 



Proceed as above. Brit. Ph. 

The plaster of Ph. Germ, contains some 
yellow wax and a little camphor ; that of 
Paris Codex some white wax. 



Electuary of Soap, etc. 

R. White soap, one drachm and a half. 

Yenice turpentine, one drachm. 

Seneka, 

Marsh mallow, each, two drachms. 

Rob of juniper, sufficient. 

Mix. Four teaspoonfuls a day. Vogt. 



Essence of Soap. 
R. White soap, twenty-four parts. 

Distilled water, thirty-two parts. 

Alcohol (.923), sixty-four parts. 

Carbonate of potassium, one part. 

Essence of lemon, sufficient. 

Dissolve the soap in the water and alcohol, 
add the potassium and essence, and filter. 
Used for the toilette. Soubeiran. 



Camphorated Essence of Soap. 

R. White soap, three parts. 

Camphor, one part. 

Spirit of rosemary, sixteen parts. 
Dissolve the camphor, and then the soap, 
in the spirit. As an embrocation in rheu- 
matic pains, etc. Guibourt. 



Ethereal Solution of Soap. 

R. Beef marrow soap, one part. 

Acetic ether, five parts. 

Dissolve by aid of a water-bath. Used as 
an embrocation in rheumatic pains, etc. 

Foy. 



Camphorated Acetic Balsam of Soap. 

R. Common soap, 

Camphor, each, one drachm. 

Acetic ether, one ounce. 

Oil of thyme, ten drops. 

Dissolve the soap in the ether with the aid 
of heat ; add the camphor, then the oil, and 
filter. Used as above. Cottereau. 



Cataplasm of Soap. 
R. Common soap, four drachms. 

Roasted onion, 

Mustard, each, two ounces. 

Water, sufficient. 

Heat together, and mix into a cataplasm. 
As a maturating application to boils, ab- 
scesses, etc. Foy. 



Soap Suppository. 

R. Soap, two ounces. 

Common salt, one ounce. 

Honey, sufficient. 

Mix, and form into conical suppositories, 
and oil them on the surface. Spielmann. 



Clyster of Soap. 
R. Barley water, six ounces. 

White soap, one drachm. 

Honey, six drachms. 

Mix, and dissolve. Brera. 



516 



SARSAPARILLA. 



Soap of Cod-liver Oil. 

R. Cod-liver oil, two ounces. 

Caustic soda, two drachms. 



Water, 



five drachms. 



Dissolve the soda in the water, and mix the 
solution with the oil. Deschamps. 



Ioduretted Soap of Cod-liver Oil. 

R. Soap of cod-liver oil, one ounce. 
Iodide of potassium, one drachm. 



Water, 



one drachm. 



Dissolve the iodide in the water, and add 
it to the soap. Deschamps. 



Soap with Sulphur. 

R. Soap, 

Sulphur, each, four ounces. 

Oil of bergamot, half a drachm. 

Water, sufficient. 

Beat together. As an application in itch. 

Frank. 



one ounce. 



Itch Ointment. 

B. Brown soap, 
Common salt, 

Sulphur, each, half an ounce. 

Alcohol, one fl. drachm. 

Vinegar, two fl. drachms. 

Chlorinated lime, half a drachm. 

Rub well together. One-fourth to be used 
night and morning, as a friction. It is 
effectual, cheap, and inoffensive. Emory. 



SARSAPARILLA. 

Sarsaparilla. 

This is the officinal name for the roots of 
several species of Smilax found in Mexico 
and various parts of South America. These 
roots are known in commerce by the names 
of the places from whence they are shipped, 
as Para, Honduras, Jamaica, Vera Cruz, 
etc. 

Sarsaparilla, as found in commerce, is in 
packages, composed of dried roots, several 
feet in Length, about the thickness of a quill, 
more or less wrinkled, of an ash-gray to a 
dark-brown color externally, and white to 
brownish within. The odor is slight but 
peculiar, the taste is at first mucilaginous, 
but finally somewhat acrid. It is considered 

alterative and tonic, but its real action is not 

well understood. The dose, In powder, Is 
half a drachm to a drachm, three or four 
times a day. 



Powder of Sarsaparilla and Peruvian 
Bark. 

R. Powdered sarsaparilla, one ounce. 
" Peruvian bark, 

three drachms. 
Carbonate of sodium, 

two drachms. 
Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. One, 
thrice a day, as an alterative. Cline. 



Infusion of Sarsaparilla. 

R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Digest for two hours, in a covered vessel, 

and strain. U. S. Ph. 1850. 

One to four fl. ounces, three times a day. 



Alkaline Infusion of Sarsaparilla. 

R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, 

twelve ounces. 
Liquorice root, bruised, 

one ounce and a half. 
Solution of potassa, 

one fl. ounce and a half. 
Boiling water, 

five pints and a half. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, and strain. 
Dose, from eight fl. ounces to one pint daily. 
As an alterative. St. Geo. Hosp. 



Decoction of Sarsaparilla. 

R. Jamaica sarsaparilla, cut, 

two ounces and a half. 
Distilled water, thirty ounces. 

Boil for one hour and obtain, after strain- 
ing, twenty fl. ounces of liquid. Dose, 
two to ten fl. ounces. Brit. Ph. 

Dose, four to six fl. ounces a day. 



Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla. 

R. Sarsaparilla, sliced and 

bruised, six troyounces. 

Bark of sassafras, sliced, 
Guaiacum wood, rasped, 
Liquorice root, bruised, 

each, one troyounce. 

Mezcreon, sliced, three drachms. 

Water, four pints. 

Boil for fifteen minutes, then digest in a 

covered vessel at about 200° for two hours, 

strain, and add water through the strainer 

to make four pints. U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. has the same ingredients, in 

somewhat different proportions. 

As an alterative and diaphoretic, in sec- 



SAKSAPARILLA 



517 



ondary syphilis, cutaneous affections, etc. 
Dose, four to six fl. ounces three times a 
day. 



Feltz's Decoction of Sarsaparilla. 
R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, three ounces. 
Isinglass, half an ounce. 

Crude antimony (tied in a rag), 

three drachms. 
Water, five pints. 

Boil to two pints and a half, and strain. 

B.easley. 



Vinache's Decoction of Sarsaparilla. 
R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, 
China root, bruised, 
Guaiacum wood, rasped, 

each, one ounce and a half. 

Crude antimony (in a rag), 

two ounces. 



Water, 



six pints. 



Macerate for twelve hours, boil to three 
piuts, and add 

Sassafras bark, sliced, 

Senna, each, half an ounce. 

Infuse for an hour, strain, let settle, and 
decant. Foy. 



Lisbon Diet Drink. 

R. Guaiacum wood, rasped, one oz. 

Sarsaparilla, bruised, three ounces. 

Mezereon, sliced, half an ounce. 

Crude antimony (in a rag), 

two ounces. 

Water, twelve pints. 

Boil down to eight pints, and add 

Red saunders, rasped, 

White sandal, rasped, 

each, three ounces. 

Rosewood, rasped, 

Sassafras bark, sliced, 



each. 



one ounce. 



Liquorice root, sliced, 

half an ounce. 
Infuse for four hours, strain, and add syrup 
according to taste. Foy. 

Dose, a pint to two pints a day. 

R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, four ounces. 
Dried walnut-peel, four ounces. 
Guaiacum, rasped, 

one ounce and a half. 
Crude antimony (in a rag), 

half an ounce. 

Water, four pints. 

Boil down to three pints. Pearson. 



Zittman's Decoction. 

R. Sarsaparilla, cut, twelve and a 

half troyounces. 

Water, three hundred and 

twenty-five troyounces. 

Digest for twenty-four hours, and add 

Alum, 



Sugar, each, 



six drachms, 



inclosed in a linen rag. Heat by a steam- 
bath, in a covered vessel, for three hours, 
adding towards the close, 

Anise, 

Fennel, each, half an ounce. 

Senna, three ounces. 

Liquorice root, 

one ounce and a half. 
Express, strain, and after several hours de- 
cant. It should weigh three hundred and 
twelve troyounces. Put aside as Strong 
decoction. Add to the dregs of the strong 
decoction, 

Sarsaparilla, bruised, 

fifty drachms. 

Water, three hundred and 

twenty-five troyounces. 

Heat by a steam-bath, in a covered vessel, 

for three hours, adding towards the close, 



Lemon-peel, 
Cinnamon, 
Cardamom, 
Liquorice root, 



each, 
three drachms. 



Express, strain, and decant; it should 
weigh three hundred and twelve troyounces ; 
label, Weak decoction. To be given freely 
in the treatment of syphilitic and cuta- 
neous affections, in chronic rheumatism, etc. 

Ph. Germ. 



Jauperand's Decoction. 

R. Bruised sarsaparilla, ^) , , 

u m,- ♦. i each, two 

" China root, >- ' 

n -, ,. ' ( ounces. 

Crude antimony, ) 

Carbonate of potassium, 

one drachm. 
Senna, 

Sassafras, sliced, each, one ounce. 
Rhubarb, 
Peruvian bark, 

each, half an ounce. 

Water, two gallons. 

Boil by a gentle fire for eight hours, till 
twelve pints of decoction are obtained. 
Let stand for some time, and strain. Ad- 
vised in scrofula, two fl. ounces three times 
a day. Bories. 



518 



SARSAPARILLA, 



Extract of Sarsaparilla. 

R. Sarsaparilla, in coarse 

powder, one pound. 

Diluted alcohol, four pints. 

Make a tincture by displacement, filter, 
distil off the alcohol, and evaporate to the 
consistence of an extract. U. S. Ph. 1850. 
Dose, from ten to twenty grains, three or 
four times a day. 



Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla. 

R. Sarsaparilla, in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, 

Water, each, four fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Moisten the powder with four 11. ounces of 
the mixed liquids, pack firmly in a per- 
colator, add the remaining mixture, and 
macerate for four days. Then with diluted 
alcohol displace twenty-six fl. ounces, re- 
serving the first ten, add to the remainder 
four fl. ounces of glycerin, evaporate care- 
fully to six fl. ounces, and mix with reserved 
portion. U. S. Ph. 

R. Jamaica sarsaparilla, 

cut, sixteen ounces. 

Water, at 160°, 

fourteen pints (imp.). 
Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 

Digest the sarsaparilla twice, using half 
the water each time, for six hours, express, 
filter, evaporate by a water-bath to seven 
fl. ounces, or until the sp. gr. is 1.13; when 
cold add the alcohol. Brit. Ph. 

Dose, one to two fl. drachms. 



Compound Fluid Extract of 
Sarsaparilla. 

R. Sarsaparilla, in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troyounces 

Liquorice root, in powder, 

No. 50, 
Sassafras bark, in powder, 

No. 50, each, two troyounces. 
Mezereon, in powder, 

No. 50, six drachms. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Glycerin, 

Water, each, four fl. ounces. 

Mix the liquids, moisten the mixed powders 
with lour II. ounces, pack firmly in a per- 
colator, and macerate with the remaining 
liquid for four days; then, with diluted 
alcohol, obtain two pints of percolate, re- 
serving the first twelve fl. ounces; add 
four 11. ounces of glycerin to the remainder, 



carefully evaporate to six fl. ounces and 
mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one fl. drachm, three or four times 
a day. 



Essence of Sarsaparilla. 

R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, ten ounces. 
Distilled water, six pints. 

Macerate at a temperature of 120° for six 
hours and strain ; repeat with same quantity 
of water. Mix the liquors, and evaporate 
in china vessels at 160°. 

If reduced to ten fl. ounces (or to nine fl. 
ounces, with one fl. ounce of spirit added), 
one fl. drachm mixed with seven fl. drachms 
is equal to the decoction of usual strength. 
If reduced to five fl. ounces, one fl. drachm 
is equal to two fl. ounces of decoction. 

Hening. 

R. Alcoholic extract of 

sarsaparilla, one pound. 

Sherry wine, three pints. 

Dissolve and filter. Half a fl. ounce to one 
fl. ounce, mixed with a quart of water, is 
equal to the decoction. B6ral. 



Compound Essence of Sarsaparilla. 

R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, 

eight ounces. 
Boiling water, sufficient 

to exhaust the root, by successive macera- 
tions ; unite the liquors, and evaporate to 
ten fl. ounces ; strain, and add, when cool, 

Alcohol (.842), 
Tincture of guaiacum, 

each, half a fl. ounce. 

White wine, one fl. ounce. 

Essence of sassafras, twelve drops. 
Extract of liquorice, two drachms. 

Filter. Dose, a spoonful, morning and 
evening, in some convenient vehicle. 

Cadet. 



Syrup of Sarsaparilla. 

R. Sarsaparilla, cut, ten parts. 

Exhaust, by digesting, for twelve hours, 
twice with sufficient water, evaporate the 
clear liquid by a water-bath until reduced 
to sixteen parts, clarify with white of egg, 
strain, and dissolve 

Sugar, twenty parts. 

It haa the specific gravity of 1.27. 

Paris Codex. 



SARSAPARILLA 



519 



R. Alcoholic extract of 

sarsaparilla, six ounces. 

Hot water, four pints. 

Dissolve, filter while hot, strain, and add 

Sugar, eight pounds. 

Dissolve whilst hot. Paris Codex, 1837. 
Each fl. ounce is equal to fifteen grains 
of the extract. 



Sarsaparilla Syrup for Mineral Water. 

R. Sarsaparilla, 

Liquorice root, each, 

finely bruised, two pounds (av.). 
Sugar, thirty pounds (av.). 

Oil of anise, S , ■ * 

» wintergreen, C ea «h, forty 
" sassafras, ) rtrops * 

" cinnamon, five drops. 

Water, sufficient. 

Digest the roots in two gallons of warm 
water, for twelve hours ; then transfer to a 
percolator, and pass two gallons of infu- 
sion. In this dissolve the sugar by the aid 
of heat, and to the syrup, when cool, add 
the oils, previously rubbed up with a little 
sugar. A. Smith. 

R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, 

Liquorice root, bruised, 

each, one pound. 

Cinnamon, bruised, 

Sassafras root, bruised, 

each, six ounces. 

Cloves, } 

Anise, V each, two ounces. 

Coriander, ) 

Red saunders, 

Cochineal, each, one ounce 

and a half. 

Alcohol, two pints. 

Water, two gallons. 

Digest together for four days, strain, and 
make a syrup with twenty-seven pounds 
(av.) of sugar. A. Smith. 



Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla. 
R. Sarsaparilla, in powder, 

No. 50, twenty-four troyounces. 
Guaiacum wood, in powder, 

No. 50, three troyounces. 

Pale rose, ") each, in powder 

Senna, I No. 50, two 

Liquorice root, ) troyounces. 
Oil of sassafras, 

" anise, each, five minims. 

" gaultheria, three minims. 



Sugar, ninety-six troyounces. 

Water, one pint. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Macerate the first five ingredients in three 
pints of the alcohol for four days, transfer 
to a percolator, and, with diluted alcohol, 
obtain six pints of tincture ; evaporate this 
to three pints, add the water, filter, dissolve 
in it the sugar, and strain while hot. Eub 
the oils with a small portion of the syrup, 
and incorporate with the remainder. 

U. S. Ph. 

R. Sarsaparilla, two pounds. 

Bittersweet, 

Pipsissewa, each, half a pound. 

Guaiacum, 

Liquorice root, each, four ounces. 

Sassafras, 

Partridge-berry -leaves, 

each, two pounds. 

Sugar, twelve pounds. 

Reduce the ingredients to coarse powder, 
macerate them in diluted alcohol for two 
days, put in a displacement apparatus, and 
displace slowly until two gallons of liquid 
have passed. Evaporate on a water-bath 
till reduced to six pints, then add the sugar, 
and form a syrup. Staples. 

Dose, half a fl. ounce three or four times 
a day. 



Syrup of Laffecteur. 

R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, 
Marsh-reed grass, 

each, thirty ounces. 

Borage flowers, eight ounces. 

Senna, 

White roses, each, two ounces. 
Sugar, 

Honey, each, r six pounds. 

Water, eighteen pints. 

Boil the first two ingredients in half the 
water for an hour, strain off the decoction, 
and repeat the process with the remainder 
of the water, and boil two hours ; towards 
close, add the senna, rose leaves, and bo- 
rage ; strain, mix the decoctions, add the 
sugar and honey, and boil to the consist- 
ence of syrup. Dose, six tablespoon fuls, 
early in the morning. Ellis. 

R. Sarsaparilla, twenty -four parts. 
Guaiacum wood, ) , . , 
Sassafras root, ( each > slste f 
Chiraroot, \ P arts - 

Yellow cinchona, eight parts. 

Anise, three parts. 

Digest the cut and bruised materials for 

several hours with 



520 



SASSAFRAS. 



Hot water, two hundred 

and fifty parts. 
Express, filter, and evaporate to eighty 
parts ; then dissolve in the liquid 

Sugar, one hundred and 

thirty parts. 

Ph. Germ. 

Dose, a tablespoonful several times daily. 



Syrup of Gesnouin. 

R. Syrup of sarsaparilla, four pounds. 
" senna, three ounces. 

Extract of borage, five ounces. 
Conserve of elder 

berries, one ounce. 

Mix, with heat. Four to six spoonfuls, 
early in the morning, using the infusion of 
sarsaparilla for a drink. Foy. 



each, 



four 
ounces. 



Sarsaparilla Beer. 
R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, two pounds. 

Bark of guaiacum, 

powdered, eight ounces. 

Guaiacum wood, 
rasped, 

Anise, 

Liquorice root, 

Mezereon, bark of root, two ounces. 

Molasses, two pounds. 

Cloves, bruised, half an ounce. 

Boiling water, four gallons. 

Mix, and shake thrice a day. Let ferment ; 
when fully fermented, to be taken in doses 
of a small tumblerful two or three times 
a day. Hancock. 



SASSAFRAS 

Sassafras. 



Two parts of the Sassafras, Laurus sassa- 
fras (Sassafras officinale), are officinal ; the 
pith of the young braches and the bark of 
the root. 

Sassafras is a medium-sized tree, found in 
most parts of the United States, growing in 
woods and open places, flowering before the 
appearance of the leaves. 

Sex. Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Lauraces. K 

N« ■cs, PI. Med. i. 131. Griffith, Mod. Bot. 
Ml; 

The pith is in Blender, cylindrical pieces, 
very spongy find light, with a mucilaginous 
and somewhat aromatic taste, affording a 
dear mucilage on the addition of water. 
Tin; bark is in small fragments, of a red- 
dish-brown color, brittle, of a fragrant odor, 
and a pleasant aromatic taste. The Euro- 
pean pharmacopeias recognize the entire 
root. It is stimulant and diaphoretic. 



Infusion of Sassafras Bark. 

R. Sassafras bark, half an ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for six hours, and strain. As a 

stimulating diaphoretic. Niemann. 



Compound Infusion of Sassafras Bark. 

R. Sassafras bark, half an ounce. 
Liquorice root, two drachms. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse. One-half, morning and evening. 
In scrofulous complaints. Huf eland. 



R. Cut sassafras bark, ninety grains. 

Mezereon, two drachms. 

Taraxacum, three ounces. 

Boiling water, sufficient 

to obtain twenty fl. ounces. Dose, two to 
three tablespoonfuls, in chronic rheumatism. 

Waring. 



Infusion of Sassafras Pith. 

R. Sassafras pith, two drachms. 

Water, one pint. 

Macerate for three hours, and strain. As 
a soothing application in ophthalmia, and 
as a demulcent drink in diseases of the 
bowels, lungs, and bladder. U. S. Ph. 



Tincture of Sassafras. 

R. Sassafras bark, sliced, one part. 

Alcohol, six parts. 

Macerate for three days, express, and filter. 

Dose, one fl. drachm. B6ral. 



Compound Tincture of Sassafras. 

R. Sassafras bark, bruised, 

four ounces. 
Sage, two ounces. 

Nutmeg, bruised, one ounce. 

Cinnamon, bruised, half an ounce. 
Star anise, three drachms. 

Alcohol, two pints. 

Macerate for three days, express, and filter. 

Wirt. Ph. 
As a stomachic and carminative. 



Oil of Sassafras. 

R. Bruised sassafras bark, at will. 



Water, 



sufficient. 



Distil, and collect the oil which sinks to the 
hot lorn of the product. Guibourt. 

hose, two to ten drops, as a carminative 
and stimulant. 



SCAMMONIUM. 



521 



SCAMMONIUM. 

SCAMMONY. 

This is the resinous exudation of the root 
of Coyivolmdus scammonia, a twining peren- 
nial plant, a native of Syria. It has a large, 
succulent root, affording a milky juice, 
which concretes by exposure to the air. The 
root is likewise officinal in several Euro- 
pean pharmacopoeias. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Convolvulacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 218. Griffith, Med. Bot. 477. 

The best, or virgin scammony, is light, 
resinous when broken, friable, not effer- 
vescing with an acid, of various shades of 
color, from dark ash to dark olive ; forming 
an emulsion with water. The odor is pe- 
culiar and unpleasant, resembling old 
cheese ; the taste is bitterish and acrid. It 
is an active purgative, causing pain, and 
usually operating with harshness when 
given alone, but much milder in combina- 
tion. The dose is from five to fifteen grains. 



Powder of Scammony and Cream of 
Tartar. 

R. Powdered scammony, 

Cream of tartar, equal parts. 

Mix. Ed. Ph. 

Dose, fifteen to thirty grains. 



Powder of Scammony and Soot. 

R. Powdered scammony, 

one drachm. 
Soot, one drachm and a half. 

Powdered resin, two drachms. 

Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty grains. 

Beasley. 



Compound Powder of Scammony. 

R. Scammony, in powder, 

four ounces. 
Jalap, «in powder, three ounces. 
Ginger, in powder, one ounce. 

Mix thoroughly and pass through a fine 
sieve. Dose, ten to twenty grains. 

Brit. Ph. 



Pills of Scammony. 

R. Powdered scammony, 

fifteen grains. 
Sugar, ten grains. 

Rub together, and add 

Oil of caraway, four minims. 

Make ten pills. Dose, three pills. 

Copland. 



Pills of Scammony and Ox Gall. 

R. Powdered scammon}^, two drms. 

Inspissated ox gall, three drms. 

Extract of gentian, half an ounce. 
Mix, and make one hundred and sixty-two 
pills. Dose four to six a day. Cadet. 



Compound Pills of Scammony. 

R. Powdered scammony, 

Extract of henbane, 

Powdered gamboge, 

Compound extract of 
colocynth, 

Soap, 

Water, 
Beat into mass, and 
Dose, two to three. 



each, 
twelve 
grains. 



J 



R 



sufficient. 

form twelve pills. 

Guy's Hosp. 

Scammony, 
Aloes, 

Gamboge, each, 

Ginger, 

Molasses, 

Rub together, and divide into twelve pills. 

St. Bart.'s Hosp. 

R. Scammony, 

Calomel, each, eight grains. 

Gamboge, four grains. 

Confection of rose, sufficient. 

Mix, and make four pills. Jourdain. 



twenty-four grains. 



twelve grains. 

one scruple. 

sufficient. 



Confection of Scammony. 

R. Scammony, in fine 

powder, three ounces. 

Ginger, in fine 

powder, one ounce and a half. 

Oil of caraway, one fl. drachm. 

" cloves, half a fl. drachm. 

Syrup, three fl. ounces. 

Clarified honey, one ounce 

and a half. 

Rub the whole into a uniform mass, adding 

the oils last. Dose, twenty to thirty grains. 

Brit. Ph. 

R. Powdered scammony, 
" jalap, 

each, two drachms. 
" squill, 

one drachm and a half. 
" resin of jalap, 

half a drachm. 

Syrup of buckthorn, sufficient. 

Mix, and form confection. A hydragogue 

purgative, in dose of ten grains to a scruple. 

Foy. 



522 



SCILLA, 



Resin of Scammony. 

B. Scammony, in fine 

powder, six troyounces. 

Digest with successive portions of boiling 
alcohol until exhausted ; reduce to a syrupy 
consistence by distillation, add to a pint of 
water, wash the precipitate thoroughly, and 
dry. U. 8. Ph. 

B. Scammony root, 

in coarse powder, eight ounces. 
Exhaust with alcohol by digestion and per- 
colation ; add to the tincture four fl. ounces 
of water, recover the spirit by distillation, 
transfer the residue while hot to an open 
dish, wash the resin with hot water, and 
dry. Brit. Ph. 

Dose, three to eight grains. 



Emulsion of Scammony. 

B. Resin of scammony, four grains. 

Unskimmed milk, two fl. ounces. 

Triturate the resin with a little of the milk, 

and gradually add the rest. Brit. Ph. 

Half a fl. ounce or more for a child. 



Compound Emulsion of Scammony. 
B. Scammony, fifteen grains. 

Sugar, four drachms. 

Triturate, and add gradually 

New milk, four fl. ounces. 

Cherry-laurel water, 

seventy minims. 
Dose, two fl. ounces or more. Paris Codex. 



Scammony Mixture. 
B. Resin of scammony, 

twelve grains. 
Spirit of rosemary, 

one fl. drachm. 
Orange-flower water, 
Syrup of peach-flowers, 

each, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. Cadet. 



Scammony Oil. 
B. Powdered scammony, one scruple. 
Oil of almonds, one ounce. 

Rub well together. Dose, half an ounce. 

Van Mons. 



Elixir of Scammony. 
U. Scammony, two drachms. 

Proof spirit, eight fl. ounces. 

Heat, and then set fire to the spirit, and 
add 



Sugar, 



four ounces. 



When it is dissolved, extinguish the flame, 
and add 

Syrup of violets, two fl. ounces. 

Filter. It will give ten ounces, containing 
twelve grains of scammony to the ounce. 

Guibourt. 



Soap of Scammony. 

B. Scammony, one drachm. 

Soap, two drachms. 

Alcohol (.SH), two fl. ounces. 
Dissolve by means of a water-bath, filter, 
and evaporate to -a pilular consistence. 

Guibourt. 



Purgative Pastilles. 

B. Scammony, six grains. 

Tincture of senna, forty drops. 

Carbonate of magnesium, 

five scruples. 

White sugar, eight scruples. 

Powdered liquorice, eight grains. 

Gum tragacanth, five grains. 

Oil of anise, one drop. 

Syrup of violets, sufficient 

to make eight pastilles. These are known 
as Pastilles de Santt, and are useful in 
cases of acid eructation and flatulence. 
One or two, taken early in the morning, act 
as a laxative ; by repeating the dose every 
quarter of an hour, full purgation ensues. 

Delvincourt. 



Purgative Chocolate. 
B. Chocolate, five drachms. 

Scammony resin, six grains. 

Calomel, one and a half grains. 

Sugar, half a drachm. 

Triturate the scammony and sugar to- 
gether in a mortar ; then add the calomel, 
and, when thoroughly mixed, add the choc- 
olate, previously softened by the heat of a 
water-bath. Make into forms. To be 
taken dry, and followed by some bland 
liquid. Mialhe. 



SCILLA. 
Squill 

Is the bulb of S'cilla maritima ( Urginea 
scilla), a perennial plant growing near the 
sea-coast of the countries bordering on the 
Mediterranean. The bulb is large, pyriform, 
and tunicated ; there are two varieties, the 
red and the white, but identical in their 
medical qualities. 



SCILLA. 



523 



Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Liliacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 442. Griffith, Med. Bot, 652. 

The bulb is sliced and dried for use ; in 
this state it is in white, or yellowish-white, 
semitransparent pieces, which are flexible 
when moist, but brittle when dry ; of a 
mucilaginous, bitter taste, but scarcely any 
odor. 

Squill is expectorant, diuretic, and in 
large doses emetic, and even purgative. 
Dose, as a diuretic or expectorant, one grain 
two or three times a day ; as an emetic, six 
to twelve grains. 



Powder of Squill and Nitre. 
R. Powdered squill, six grains. 

" nitre, one drachm. 



Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
three times a day, in sugar and water. As 
a diuretic. Ellis. 



Powder of Squill and Ipecacuanha. 
R. Powdered squill, ten grains. 

" ipecacuanha, 

eighteen grains. 

Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. One, 
every two hours, in chronic catarrh. Foy. 



Powder of Squill and Cream of 
Tartar. 

R. Powdered squill, one drachm. 
Cream of tartar, nine drachms. 
Mix. Twenty to thirty grains two or 
three times a day, as a diuretic. 

Guy's Hosp. 



Powder of Squill and Sulphur. 
R. Powdered squill, one part. 

Sulphur, two parts. 

Powdered sugar, three parts. 

Mix. Dose, from five to twenty grains, ac- 
cording to age, in catarrhs. Guibourt. 



Powder of Squill and Calomel. 

R. Powdered squill, three grains. 

Calomel, 

Powdered gamboge, 

each, half a grain. 

Mix. To be taken in the evening. As a 
diuretic. A. Cooper. 



Compound Powder of Squill. 
R. Powdered squill, 

" foxglove, 

each, one grain. 

Oil of juniper, two drops. 



Borate of sodium, 

Powdered liquorice, 

each, one scruple. 

Powdered cinnamon, two grains. 
Mix. To be repeated two or three times 
a day, as a diuretic. Radius. 

R. Powdered squill, 

" foxglove, 

each, two grains. 

Resin of jalap, six grains. 

Acetate of potassium, 

thirty grains. 

Sulphate of sodium, two drachms. 

Mix. To be taken early in the morning, 

as a purgative and diuretic. Bories. 



Pills of Squill and Calomel. 

R. Calomel, 

Powdered squill, 

each, twelve grains. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and form twelve pills. One, night 
and morning. In dropsy, arising from vis- 
ceral derangement. Ellis. 

Fills of Squill and Ammoniac. 

R. Powdered squill, thirty grains. 
Ammoniac, one drachm and 

a half. 
Extract of hemlock, thirty grains. 

Mix, and form thirty pills; two. twice a 
day. In asthma and chronic catarrh. 

Ellis. 



Pills of Squill and Croton Oil. 

R. Compound pills of squill, 

two scruples. 
" extract of colocynth, 

two scruples. 
Croton oil, six minims. 

Mix, and form eighteen pills. Three, twice 
a week, in dropsy. Selwyn. 



Pills of Squill and Ipecacuanha. 

R. Powdered squill, sixteen grains. 

" ipecacuanha, eight grs. 

Extract of opium, one grain. 

Butter of cacao, thhly grains. 

Syrup of gum, sufficient. 

Beat together, and make sixteen pills. One, 

three times a day, as an expectorant. 

Cadet. 

R. Powdered squill, 

" . ipecacuanha, 
each, twelve grains. 



524 



SCILLA, 



Extract of dandelion, 

three scruples. 
Blue pill, ten grains. 

Simple syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Two, to 
be taken morning and evening, in dropsy. 

Ainslie. 



Pills of Squill and Henbane. 

R. Powdered squill, half a drachm. 
Extract of henbane, two scruples. 
Myrrh, one drachm and a half. 
Water, sufficient. 

Beat together, and make thirty pills. Two, 
morning and evening, as an expectorant. 

Paris. 



Pills of Squill and Digitalis 

R. Powdered squill, 

" digitalis, 

each 
u 



iron, 

Mix, and make forty pills, 
six daily, in albuminuria. 

R. Powdered squill, 

" digitalis, 

each, 
Blue mass, 
Mix, and form twelve pills, 
four times daily, in dropsy, 



thirty grains, 
sixty grains. 
Dose, two to 
Chomel. 



twelve grains, 
thirty grains. 
One, three or 
anasarca, etc. 

Baillie. 



Compound Pills of Squill. 

R. Calomel, three grains. 

Fresh squill, 

Ammoniac, each, one scruple. 

Dover's powder, half a drachm. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Make mass, and divide into thirty pills. 
One, three or four times a day. In trou- 
blesome catarrh. Latham. 

R. Powdered squill, half a drachm. 

Calomel, twenty-four grains. 

Tartar emetic, six grains. 

Powdered opium, eighteen grains. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Beat together, and make twenty-four pills. 
One at night, in catarrh. Ellis. 

R. Powdered squill, twelve grains. 

" ginger, 

u ammoninc, 

each, twenty-four grains. 

Soap, in powder, thirty-six grs. 

Syrup, sufficient. 



| Beat into mass, and form twenty-four pills. 

U.S. Ph. 

R. Powdered squill, one ounce 

and a quarter. 

I; § in g er '. } each, 

" ammoniac, > ' 

" soap, 'f one ounce. 

Molasses, sufficient. 

Beat into a mass. Brit. Ph. 

Similar to the preceding, but containing 
about twice the proportion of squill. 

Five to ten grains, three or four times a 
day, as a stimulant expectorant. 

R. Powdered squill, fifteen grains. 
" ammoniac, 

one drachm and a half. 
" seneka, two drachms. 

Golden sulph. of antimony, 

half a drachm. 
Extract of dandelion, sufficient. 
Mix, and make pills of two grains. Diu- 
retic. Berends. 

R: Powdered squill, twenty-four grs. 
Calomel, sixteen grains. 

Soap, one drachm and a half. 

Galbanum, two drachms. 

Extract of dandelion, 

three drachms and a half. 
Essence of orange, sufficient. 

Mix, and make pills of two grains. Three 
or four a day, as purgative and diuretic. 

Pideret. 



Compound Syrup of Squill. 

R. Squill, in powder, No. 50, 
Seneka, in powder, No. 50, 

each, four troyounces. 

Tartar emetic, forty-eight grains. 
Sugar, forty-two troyounces. 

Diluted alcohol, 
Water, each, sufficient. 

Mix squill and seneka, moisten with half 
a pint of the alcohol, and macerate for 
four days ; then obtain by percolation one 
pint of tincture. Boil for a few minutes, 
evaporate by a water-bath to half a pint, 
add fourteen fl. ounces of boiling water, 
and filter. Dissolve in this the sugar, heat 
to boiling, and strain ; lastly, dissolve the 
tartar emetic, and add through the strainer 
enough water to make the measure three 
pints. U. S. Ph. 

Known as Coxe's Hive Syrup. Dose, 
as an expectorant, twenty to thirty drops, 
for adults ; for children, five to ten drops ; 



SCILLA. 



525 



in croup, ten drops to a fl. drachm, repeated 
till vomiting is produced. 

B. Oxj^mel of squill, one fl. ounce 

and a half. 
Syrup of ipecacuanha, 

" poppies, each, two 

fl. ounces. 

" orange-flowers, half 

an ounce. 

Mix. Dose, half to one fl. ounce, in hoop- 
ing-cough. Cadet. 



Wine of Squill. 

B. Squill, three ounces. 

Malaga wine, fifty ounces. 

Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 
Paris Codex. 



Compound "Wine of Squill. 
B. Bruised squill, one ounce. 

44 orange-peel, 
44 calamus, each, . three 
drachms. 
44 juniper berries, two 

drachms. 
White wine, four pints. 

Macerate for three days, express, filter, and 
add 

Oxymel of squill, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. 

B. Dried squill, bruised, ) , 

Rhubarb, l e * ct1 ' ,° ne 

Juniper berries, J drachm ' 

Cinnamon, three drachms. 

Zedoary, two drachms. 

Carbonate of potassium, 

one drachm and a half. 

White wine, two pints. 

Macerate, express, and filter. Dose, two 

to four small wineglassfuls a day, as a 

diuretic. Taddei. 



Bitter Wine of Squill. 
B. Squill, 

Root of swallowwort, 

each, half an ounce. 

Peruvian bark, ) , 
Canella, C each > two 

Lemon-peel, ) ounees - 

Angelica, half an ounce. 

Wormwood, 

Balm, each, one ounce. 

Juniper berries, 

Mace, each, half an ounce. 

White wine, eight pints. 



Digest by a gentle heat, for four days, ex- 
press, and filter. As a diuretic, in doses 
of one to three fl. ounces. Cottereau. 



Tincture of Squill. 

B. Squill, in powder, 

No. 40, four troyounces. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by percolation two pints. U. S. Ph. 

The tincture of Brit. Ph. is of nearly 
the same strength ; Paris Codex and Ph. 
Germ, order one part of squill to five parts 
of 60 per cent, alcohol. 

Dose, as diuretic or expectorant, twenty 
to forty drops. 



Alkaline Tincture of Squill. 

B. Squill, two ounces. 

Solution of potassa, 

two fl. drachms. 
Diluted alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. 

Macerate for three days, express, and filter. 

Van Mons. 






Tincture of Squill and Elaterium. 
B. Tincture of squill, 
Yinegar of colchicum, 

each, two fl. drachms. 

Spirit of nitrous ether, 
Elaterium, one grain. 

Mix. Dose, fifteen minims to one fl. 
drachm. St. Bart.'s Hosp. 

Compound Tincture of Squill and 
Benzoin. 

B. Squill, } 

Orris root, y each, three ounces. 
Elecampane, ) 

Benzoin, two drachms. 

Liquorice root, } , four 

Ammoniac, two scruples. 

Saffron, eighteen grains. 

Diluted alcohol,. 

one pint, six fl. ounces. 
Macerate for fifteen days, express, and 
filter. Celebrated as Wedel's elixir. Dose, 
forty to sixty drops, in catarrh, asthma, 
etc. Cadet 



Ethereal Tincture of Squill. 

B. Squill, one ounce and a half. 

Muriatic ether, 
Spirit of juniper, 

each, half a pound. 

Water, sufficient. 



526 



SCILLA 



Distil one pound. Dose, ten to twenty 
drops, in water, as a diuretic. Augustin. 

R. Bruised squill, four ounces. 

Spirit of nitrous ether, two pints. 

Digest for eight days, and filter. Dose, half 
a fl. drachm, as an expectorant and diuretic. 

Mettauer. 



Mixture of Syrup of Squill. 

R. Syrup of squill, half a fl. ouuce. 
Paregoric elixir, two fl. drachms. 
Antimonial wine, one fl. drachm. 
Powdered gum Arabic, 

half a drachm. 
Distilled water, three fl. ounces. 

Mix. A teaspoonful every two or three 
hours, as an expectorant ; suited to children. 

Ellis. 



two fl. ounces. 



R. Syrup of squill, 
Peppermint water, 

each, 
Paregoric elixir, 
Compound spirit of 

lavender, each, half a fl. ounce. 
Syrup, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. A spoonful three or four times a 
day. A valuable expectorant. 

Christison. 



Diuretic Mixture. 

R. Oxymel of squill, half atroyounce. 

Peppermint water, one troyounce. 

Hyssop water, three troyounces. 

Spirit of nitrous ether, 

half a drachm. 
Mix. Paris Codex. 



Mixture of Oxymel of Squill and 
Valerian. 

R. Powdered valerian, two drachms. 
Oxymel of squill, one fl. ounce. 
Laudanum, twenty drops. 



Water, 



one fl. ounce. 



Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, after an 
emetic, in croup. Kimbel. 



Mixture of Extract of Squill and 
Rhubarb. 
R. Extract of squill, sixteen grains. 
Liquid acetate of potassium, 

half an ounce. 

Parsley water, four fl. ounces. 

Syrup of rhubarb, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. As a diuretic. Radius. 



Mixture of Oxymel of Squill and 
Ammoniac. 
R. Oxymel of squill, six fl. drachms. 
Ammoniac, one drachm. 

Extract of elecampane, 

twenty-four grains. 

Syrup of hyssop, six fl. drachms. 

Hyssop water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every hour, as an 

expectorant. Foy. 



Mixture of Vinegar of Squill. 
R. Vinegar of squill, one fl. drachm. 

Barley water, five fl. ounces. 

Syrup of saffron, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. A tablespoonful three or four times 
a day, in troublesome cough. Ainslie. 



Mixture of Vinegar of Squill and 
Ammonia. 

R. Yinegar of squill, two fl. drachms. 
Solution of acetate of am- 
monia, 
• Compound spirit of horse- 
radish, each, one fl. ounce 
and a half. 
Diluted pimento water, 

four fl. ounces and a half. 
Mix. Dose, two fl. ounces three times a 
day. As a diuretic. St. Bart's Hosp. 



Mixture of Oxymel of Squill and 
Ipecacuanha. 

R. Ipecacuanha, one drachm 

and a half. 

Lemon-peel, two drachms. 

Cream of tartar, half an ounce. 

Water, four fl. ounces. 

Boil, strain, and add 

Oxymel of squill, half a fl. ounce. 
Mix well ; as an expectorant. Cadet. 



Mixture of Oxymel of Squill and 
Marsh Mallow. 



R. Oxymel of squill, 

Syrup of marsh mallow, 

Mucilage of gum Arabic, 
Mix. As an expectorant ; in spoonful 
doses. Foy\ 



equal 
parts. 



Emulsion with Squill. 
R. Oil of almonds, 

Mucilage of gum Arabic, 

each, one fl. ounce] 



SCILLA. 



527 



"Wine of squill, eight fl. scruples. 
M ipecacuanha, 

four fl. scruples. 
Syrup of tolu, two fl. ounces. 

Water of hyssop, four fl. ounces. 



Water, 
Make an emulsion. 



eight fl. ounces. 
Btral. 



Ointment of Squill. 
R. Squill, three ounces. 

Solution of potassa, sufficient. 
Eeduce to mucilage by boiling, and add 

Lard, sufficient 

to form an ointment. As a friction to in 
dolent tumors. Huf eland 



Fluid Extract of Squill. 
R. Squill, in powder, 

No. 40, sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, two fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, fourteen fl. ounces. 

Macerate in a percolator for four days ; 
then with a mixture of two measures of al- 
cohol and one of water, displace twenty- 
four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, 
evaporate the remainder to two fl. ounces, 
and mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. 
Each minim represents one grain of 
squill. 



Extract of Squill. 

R. Squill, one pound. 

Proof spirit, four pints. 

Macerate for some days, express, strain, and 
filter ; digest the residue with two pints of 
spirit, express, strain, and filter. Distil off" 
the spirit, and evaporate to proper con- 
sistence. Dose, one to three grains. 

Ph. Germ, and Paris Codex. 



Acetic Extract of Squill. 
R. Bruised squill, one pound. 

Acetic acid, three fl. ounces. 

Distilled water, one pint. 

Mix ; digest with a gentle heat for forty- 
eight hours, express by strong pressure, and 
evaporate, without straining, to the proper 
consistence. Dose, half a grain. Niblett. 



Electuary of Squill. 

R. Oxymel of squill, two fl. ounces. 

Cream of tartar, three ounces. 

Mix. Dose, two drachms. Beasley. 



each, 

two 
drachms. 



R. Powder of squill 
and nitre, 
Ammoniac, 
Tartrate of potassium, 
Chloride of ammonium, 

one scruple. 

Sy rup of cinnamon, sufficient. 

Mix. Dose, two drachms three times a 

day, in dropsy. Radius. 



Vinegar of Squill. 

R. Bruised squill, four ounces. 

Diluted acetic acid, sufficient. 

Obtain by maceration for seven days, or by 
displacement, two pints. U. S. Ph. 

The vinegar of Brit. Ph. is of about the 
same strength. 

R. Squill, cut small, one part. 

Alcohol, one part. 

Pure vinegar nine parts. 

Macerate for three days, express lightly, 
and strain. Ph. Germ. 

Diuretic and expectorant. Dose, thirty 
minims to a fl. drachm. 



Oxymel of Squill. 
R. Vinegar of squill, 

twenty fl. ounces. 
Clarified honey, 

thirty-two ounces (avoir.). 
Mix, and evaporate by water-bath to the 
specific gravity 1.32. * Brit. Ph. 

Dose, half to two fl. drachms. 



Honey of Squill. 
R. Squill, one part. 

Boiling water, six parts. 

Honey, twelve parts. 

Infuse the squill in water for twelve hours, 
express, strain, evaporate to one-third, add 
honey and evaporate to the density 1.27. 

Paris Codex. 



Syrup of Squill. 

R. Vinegar of squill, one pint. 

Sugar, twenty-four troj'ounces. 

Mix, and form syrup. 

U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. 

As expectorant. Dose, about a fl. drachm. 



Aromatic Syrup of Squill. 
R. Vinegar of squill, half a pound. 
Syrup of cinnamon, 

" ginger, each, one pound. 
Mix. As a stimulating expectorant. 

Swediaur. 



528 



SCOPARIUS. — SCUTELLARIA, 



SCOPARIUS. 
Broom. 

This is the fresh tops of the Sarothamnus 
scoparius ( Cytisus scoparius), a shrub, native 
of many parts of Europe, and cultivated in 
this country, with numerous, bright-yellow 
flowers. 

Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. 
Fabacese. 

Link, enum. ii. 241. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
233. 

The officinal portion is the tops of the 
branches, but the seeds are also used. The 
branches have a bitter, nauseous taste, and 
a strong, peculiar odor. It is a diuretic and 
cathartic, and even emetic, and has been 
advantageously used in dropsy. The seeds 
have been recommended in the same com- 
plaint. 



Decoction of Broom. 

R. Broom tops, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint (imper.). 

Boil for ten minutes, and strain. Brit. Ph. 

Dose, two to four fl. ounces three times 

a day. 



Compound Decoction of Broom. 

R. Broom tops, 

Juniper tops, each, half an ounce. 

Cream of tartar, 

two drachms and a half. 

Water, one pint and a half. 

Boil down to a pint, and strain. Ed. Ph. 

R. Broom tops, } , 
Juniper berries, V- ' 

Dandelion root, ) 
Water, one pint and a half. 

Boil down to a pint, and strain. 

Lond. Ph. 1836. 
Dose, same as infusion. 



half an 
ounce. 



Juice of Broom. 
R. Fresh broom tops, seven pounds. 
Bruise in a stone mortar, press out the 
juice, and to every three measures of juice 
add one measure of alcohol ; after several 
days, filter. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. 

Brit. Ph. 



Extract of Broom. 
R. Tops of broom, at will. 

Boil, in eight times their weight of Water, 
down io one-half; express, let settle, and 
strain. Evaporate by vapor-bath to proper 
con i jtenoe. Dub. Ph. 1826. 

Dose, a scruple to a drachm. 



Conserve of Broom. 
R. Broom flowers, one part. 

Sugar, two parts. 

Rub together. Dose, a drachm to two 
drachms, in gout, rheumatism, etc. 

Van Mons. 



Tincture of Broom Seed. 

R. Broom seed, two ounces. 

Proof spirit, eight fl. ounces. 

Macerate for ten days. Dose, one or two 

fluidrachms thrice daily. Pearson. 



SCROPHULARIA NODOSA. 

FlGWORT. 

A semi-aquatic plant, native of many 
parts of Europe, flowering in July. 

Sex Syst. Didyn. angios. Nat. Syst. Scro- 
phulariacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 863. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
518. 

The leaves are the part used ; they have a 
rank, unpleasant odor, and a bitter, dis- 
agreeable taste. They have been used as a 
tonic, diuretic, and anthelmintic, but are 
principally used as an external discutinent 
application. 



Ointment of Fig-wort. 

R. Fresh leaves of figwort, 

Prepared lard, each, two pounds. 
" suet, one pound. 

Boil till the leaves are crisp, express, and 
strain. Bub. Ph. 1826. 

As an application to piles, painful swell- 
ings, and cutaneous eruptions. 



Oleo-Infusion of Figwort. 
R. Leaves of figwort, three parts. 
Olive oil, one part. 

Infuse, express, and strain. Used as above. 

Van Mons. 



SCUTELLARIA. 

SCULLCAP. 

Several species indigenous to this country 
have been used in medicine; the one recog- 
nized by the U. S. Ph. is S. lateriflora. 

Sex. Syst. Didyn. Gymnosp. Nat. Syst. 
Labiatae. 

Jt is a smooth herb, growing in moist 
localities, with small blue flowers in leafy 
racemes; almost inodorous and tasteless. 
It w;is at one time asserted to have proved 
efficacious in hydrophobia; but appears to 
possess merely mild tonic properties. S. 
pilosa and integrifolia have a more decided 
bitter taste, and have been used somewhat 
as tonics. 



SENEGA, 



529 



SENEGA. 

Seneka. 

The officinal name for the root of Polygala 
senega, a native, perennial plant, found in 
most parts of the United States, on hill 
sides and in dry woods, flowering from June 
to August. 

Sex. Syst. Diadelph. octand. Nat. Syst. 
Polvgalace?e. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 990. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
225. 

The root is contorted, knotted, tapering, 
branched, with a ridge or carina. It has 

thick, resinous, grayish-yellow, cortical 
layer, which is the active portion. It has a 
peculiar, but unpleasant odor; and a mu- 
cilaginous, sweetish taste, which becomes 
acrid and irritating. Its action is very 
various, being emetic, sudorific, diuretic, 
and expectorant, and even emmenagogue 
and purgative. It is principally used as a 
stimulating expectorant and diuretic. The 
dose, in powder, is from ten to twenty 
grains, but it is seldom given in this form. 



Compound Powder of Seneka. 
R. Powdered seneka, half an ounce. 
Cream of tartar, six drachms. 
Magnesia, two drachms. 

Mix. A teaspoonful twice a day, in pan- 
nus of the eye. Radius. 



Pills of Seneka. 

R. Powdered seneka, six drachms. 
Extract of dandelion, sufficient. 
Mix, and make pills of two or three grains. 
Six to twelve, three times a day, in hypo- 
pyon and paunus. Radius. 



Infusion of Seneka. 

R. Seneka, bruised, half an ounce. 

Boiling water, ten ounces. 

Infuse for one hour in a covered vessel, 

nd strain. Brit. Ph. 

Dose, one to two fl. ounces. 



Compound Infusion of Seneka. 
R. Seneka, two drachms. 

Boiling water, six fl. ounces. 

Infuse, strain, and add 

Syrup of tolu, one fl. ounce. 

Ammoniac, half a drachm. 

Mix well. A tablespoonful every two 
hours. In catarrh. Ellis. 



Boil for fifteen minutes and strain to obtain 

one pint. JJ. S. Ph. 

Dose, a tablespoonful every three hours. 

R. Seneka, bruised, one ounce. 

Liquorice root, half an ounce. 

Distilled water, one pint and a half. 
Boil down to a pint, and strain. Dose, a 
tablespoonful, in pectoral diseases. Ellis. 

R. Bruised seneka, one ounce. 

Orange-peel, half an ounce. 

Water, one pint. 

Simmer by a slow fire, till reduced one- 
third ; add orange-peel ; cover till cold, then 
strain. Four fl. ounces during the day, at 
first, and then increase, as an emmenagogue. 

Chapman. 



Decoction of Seneka. 

|R. Seneka, bruised, one troyounce. 
Water, sufficient. 

34 



Tincture of Senega. 

R. Senega, in coarse 

powder, two and a half ounces. 

Proof spirit, sufficient. 

Obtain by maceration and displacement 

twenty fl. ounces. Dose, half to two fl. 

drachms. Brit. Ph. 



Syrup of Seneka. 

R. Seneka, in powder, 

No. 50, four troyounces. 

Sugar, fifteen troyounces. 

Diluted alcohol, two pints. 

Displace the seneka with the alcohol, 

evaporate the tincture at or below 160° to 

half a pint, filter, dissolve the sugar, and 

strain while hot. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, half to one or two fl. drachms, in 

pectoral complaints. It is about five times 

stronger than the next. 



two parts. 

twenty-two parts. 

three parts. 



R. Senega, cut, 
Water, 
Alcohol, 

Macerate for two days, express, filter, and 
add 

Sugar, thirty-six parts. 

Dissolve. Ph. Germ. 



Fluid Extract of Senega. 

R. Senega, in powder, No. 60, 

sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, three fl. ounces. 

Water, five fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Macerate the senega, properly packed in a 
percolator, for four days with the mixed 
liquids ; then, with diluted alcohol, obtain 



530 



SENEGA, 



twenty-four fl. ounces of percolate ; reserv- 
ing the first fourteen, add to the remainder 
one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate carefully 
to two fl. ounces and mix with reserved por- 
tion. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, ten to twenty minims. 



Extract of Senega. 
R. Senega, in powder, No. 50, 

twelve troyounces. 
Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by percolation three pints of tinc- 
ture ; evaporate this by a water-bath to 
the proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one to five grains. The extract of 
Ph. Germ. 



Emulsion with Seneka. 
R. Bruised seneka, half an ounce. 

Water, nine fl. ounces. 

Boil down one-third, strain, and add 

Camphor, one scruple. 

Gum Arabic, two drachms. 

Make an emulsion, and add 

Compound tincture of ammonia, 
two fl. drachms. 
A tablespoonful every two hours, as a 
stimulating expectorant. Phoebus. 



Pectoral Jelly with Seneka. 
R. Bruised seneka, two drachms. 



Water, 



twelve fl. ounces. 



Boil down to nine fl. ounces, strain, and 
add 

Isinglass, sufficient. 

Syrup of orange flowers, 

one ounce. 
Form a jelly. A tablespoonful occasion- 
ally. Radius. 



Mixture with Seneka. 
R. Seneka, bruised, two drachms. 



Water, 



sufficient 



to obtain eight fl. ounces of strained decoc- 
tion ; add 

Camphor, one drachm. 

Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally. 

Brera. 

R. Infusion of seneka, four fl. ounces. 

Syrup of ipecacuanha, onefl. ounce. 

Oxymel of squill, three fl. drachms. 

Tartar emetic, one grain and a half. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every quarter of an 
hour, till vomiting is produced. In croup. 

Jadelot. 



R. Bruised seneka, 

One drachm and a half. 
Boiling water, sufficient 

to obtain four fl. ounces of the strained de- 
coction ; add 

Antimonial wine, two fl. scruples. 
Syrup of marsh mallow, 

one fl. ounce. 
A small spoonful occasionally, in the second 
stage of croup, as an expectorant. 

Wendt. 

R. Spirit of nitrous ether, 

two fl. drachms. 
Tincture of hyoscyamus, 

ninety minims. 
Decoction of senega, 

three fl. ounces. 
Camphor water, sufficient 

for four fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, a fluid- 
ounce thrice daily, in palpitation arising 
from aortic disease. Barlow. 

R. Decoction of senega, 

two fl. ounces and a half. 
Carbonate of ammonium, 

eight grains. 
Tincture of squill, 

sixteen minims. 

Syrup of tolu, three fl. drachms. 

Mix. Dose, three fl. drachms every four 

hours for a child of two or three years, as 

an expectorant in croup. West. 



Polygalic Acid. 

R. Seneka, in powder, sixteen ounces. 

Alcohol (35° B.), six pints. 

Ether, sufficient. 

Purified animal charcoal, 

two ounces. 
Boil the seneka in four pints of the alcohol 
for fifteen minutes ; suffer it to cool, then 
throw the whole on a displacement filter, 
and when the liquid ceases to pass, add 
more alcohol, until six pints of tincture are 
obtained. Distil off the alcohol till of a 
syrupy consistence, wash this with ether, to 
remove fatty matter, and throw the residue 
into several times its bulk of concentrated 
alcohol. After standing for twenty-four 
hours, the polygallic acid will be precipi- 
tated as a light Drown powder, which is to 
be collected on a filter, washed with cold, 
strong alcohol, and dried. It may be ren- 
dered more pure by boiling it with alcohol 
and the animal charcoal, filtering, and col- 
lecting the powder. W. Procter, Jr. 



SBNN4- 



531 



Syrup of Polygalic Acid. 
R. Polygalic acid, eight grains. 

Boiling water, half a fl. ounce. 
Syrup of gum Arabic, 

one fl. ounce and a half. 

Dissolve and mix. 
Dose, a teaspoonful. W. Procter, Jr. 



SENNA. 
Senna. 

Under this name is included the leaves of 
several species of Cassia, as C. acutifolia, C. 
elongata, C. obovata, etc., forming what are 
termed Alexandria, Tripoli, India, and 
Mecca sennas. They are all perennial 
plants, growing in Africa and Asia. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Mat. Syst. 
Fabaceae. 

Christison, Dispen. 858. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 254. 

The leaves only are officinal in the U. S. 
Ph. and Brit. Ph., but the pods are also em- 
ployed in Europe in veterinary practice. 
The leaves have a faint, but unpleasant 
odor, and a somewhat bitter, very nauseous 
taste. Senna is an active purgatiA^e, usually 
causing nausea and colic when given alone. 
It is seldom administered in substance ; the 
dose is from half a drachm to two drachms. 



Senna Deprived of Resin. 
R. Senna, one part. 

Alcohol, four parts. 

Macerate for two days, express, and dry. 

Ph. Germ. 
The resinous principle, causing griping, 
is removed by this treatment without in- 
jury to the purgative properties. 



Laxative Species. 
(St. Germain Tea.) 

R. Senna, deprived of 

resin, sixteen parts. 

Elder flowers, ten parts. 

Fennel, 

Anise, each, five parts. 
Cut and bruise ; when dispensing add 

Cream of tartar, three parts. 

A pleasant laxative. Ph. Germ. 

Compound Powder of Senna. 

R. Powdered senna, 

Cream of tartar, each, two ounces. 
Powdered scammony, 

half an ounce. 
" ginger, two drachms. 

Mix. Dose, a scruple to a drachm. 

Lond. Ph. 1788. 



Powder of Senna and Guaiacum. . 
R. Powdered senna, 

" guaiacum, equal parts. 

Mix. Dose, two teaspoonfuls twice or 
thrice a day. In jaundice. Augustin. 



Extract of Senna. 

R. Senna, one part. 

Boiling water, eight parts. 

Infuse with the water in two portions, ex- 
press, let settle, decant, and evaporate. 

Dorvault. 



Pills of Senna. 
R. Powdered senna, one drachm. 
Extract of dandelion, sufficient. 

Mix, and make thirty pills. Dose, five to 
eight. Eufeland. 



Confection of Senna. 
(Lenitive Electuary.) 

R. Senna, in fine powder, eight 

troyounces. 
Coriander, in fine powder, 

four troyounces. 
Figs, twelve troyounces. 

Prunes, sliced, seven troyounces. 
Tamarinds, ten troyounces. 

Purging cassia, finely 

bruised, sixteen troyounces. 
Sugar, in coarse 

powder, thirty troyounces. 

Water, sufficient. 

Digest purging cassia, tamarind, prune, 
and fig with three pints of water for three 
hours ; separate the coarser portions by 
the hand, and rub the pulpy mass, first 
through a coarse sieve and then through a 
fine one, or through a muslin cloth. Digest 
the residue with a pint of water, and treat 
the same as before ; mix the pulpy liquids, 
dissolve the sugar, and evaporate to eighty- 
four troyounces, and, while yet warm, in- 
corporate with it the senna and coriander. 
The whole should then weigh ninety-six 
troyounces. U. S. Ph. 

A good and agreeable laxative. Dose, 
about two drachms, at bedtime or early in 
the morning. 

The confection of Brit. Ph. is very simi- 
lar in composition ; the formula of Paris 
Codex is very complex. 

R.. Senna, in fine powder, ten parts. 
Coriander, ■ one part. 

Syrup, fifty parts. 

Pulp of tamarind, fifteen parts. 



532 



SE^NA 



Heat the syrup and pulp by means of a 
steam-bath, and add the mixed powders to 
form an electuary. Ph. Germ. 



Compound Confection of Senna. 
R. Confection of senna, two ounces. 
Powdered jalap, one drachm. 

Cream of tartar, two drachms. 
Powdered ginger, 

one drachm and a half. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix. Dose, one drachm. 



Electuary of Senna and Rhubarb. 
R. Powdered rhubarb, 

" senna, each, 

two drachms. 
" fennel, three drachms. 

" liquorice, half an ounce. 

Pulp of purging cassia, 
" tamarinds, each, 

two ounces. 
Syrup of male fern, sufficient. 

Mix. Dose, two drachms to half an ounce. 

Van Mons.. 



Electuary of Senna and Cream of 
Tartar. 

R. Powdered senna, three drachms. 
Cream of tartar, one drachm. 

Manna, three ounces and a half. 
Pulp of purging cassia, 
" tamarinds, each, 

one ounce and a half. 
Syrup of violets, sufficient. 

Mix. Dose, about two drachms. 

Van Mons. 



R 



Electuary of Senna and Figs. 

Powdered senna, half an ounce. 

Pulp of figs, sufficient. 

Make an electuary. A piece the size of a 
hazel nut, night and morning, to obviate 
costivcness. Ellis. 



Electuary of Senna and Sulphur. 
B. Powdered senna, } ^ one 

Btilphur, i. 0Hnce _ 

Cream of tartar, ) 

Manna, six ounces. 

I'ulp of tamarinds, eight ounces. 

Syrup of senna, sufficient. 

Mix. Said to be useful in hemorrhoids. 
Dose, two to three drachms. Swediaur. 



Compound Wine of Senna 
R. Senna, 



Rhubarb, 



one ounce, 
six drachms. 



Cloves, 

Saffron, each, one drachm. 

Sherry wine, two pints. 

Macerate for five days, often agitating, and 
decant. As a tonic purgative. Dose, 
about two fl. ounces. Pierquin. 

R. Senna, four ounces. 

Coriander, 

Fennel, each, two drachms. 

Sherry wine, two pints and a half. 
Digest for three days ; add 

Stoned raisins, three ounces. 

Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, 
and strain. Swed. Ph. 



Tincture of Senna. 
R. Senna, two ounces and a half. 
Caraway, bruised, 
Coriander, bruised, 

each, half an ounce. 

Stoned raisins, two ounces. 

Proof spirit, twenty fl. ounces. 

Obtain by maceration and displacement 

twenty fl. ounces. This is the old Elixir 

Salutis. Lond. Ph. 

A warm, stomachic purgative, in atonic 

gout, etc., in doses of two fl. drachms to a 

fl. ounce. 



Tincture of Senna and Jalap. 

R. Senna, three ounces. 

Jalap, in powder, one ounce. 

Coriander, bruised, 
Caraway, bruised, 



each, 



half an ounce. 



Cardamom, bruised, two drachms. 

Sugar, four ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, three pints. 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. U. S. Ph. 1850. 

Similar to the last; used in same cases, 

and in like doses. 



Tincture of Senna and Gentian. 
R. Senna, four ounces. 

Gentian, bruised, 

Orange-peel, bruised, 
each, one ounce. 

Proof spirit, sixty-four ounces. 
Infuse for some days, often stirring, express, 
and filter. Swediaur. 



SENNA. 



533 



Infusion of Senna. 

R. Senna, one troyounce. 

Coriander, bruised, one drachm. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for an hour, in a covered vessel, 
and strain. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, about four fl. ounces. 



R. Senna, 

Ginger, sliced, 
Boiling water, 

Infuse in a covered vessel for one hour, and 
strain. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. 

Brit. Ph. 



one ounce. 

thirty grains. 

ten ounces. 



Compound Infusion of Senna. 

R. Senna, half an ounce. 

Sulphate of magnesium, 
Manna, each, one ounce. 

Fennel seed, one drachm. 

Boiling water, half a pint. 

Macerate in a covered vessel till cool, and 
strain. Dose, one-third, every four or five 
hours, till it operates. Wood. 

R. Senna, cut, two parts. 

Boiling water, twelve parts. 

Digest for five minutes, express, and add 

Rochelle salt, two parts. 

Manna, three parts. 

Dissolve and strain. The product should 
weigh fifteen parts. This is the Vienna 
draught much employed in Europe. 

Ph. Germ. 



Black Draught. 
R. Senna, 

Mint, each, ten drachms. 

Boiling water, two pints. 

Macerate for an hour, strain, and add 
Salphate of magnesium, 

eight ounces. 
Dose, two to four fl. ounces. Guy's Hosp. 



Infusion of Senna and Tamarinds. 
R. Senna, one drachm. 

Tamarinds, one ounce. 

Coriander, bruised, one drachm. 
Brown sugar, half an ounce. 

Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 

Infuse for four hours in a covered vessel, 
and strain. Dose, two to four fl. ounces. 

Ed. Ph. 



Infusion of Senna and Coffee. 



R. Senm 



two drachms, 
one drachm. 



Roasted coffee, 

Boiling water, 

Hot milk, each, three fl. ounces. 
Infuse for twelve hours, and strain. To be 
taken at once, in the morning. Foy. 

R. Senna, ten grains. 

Hot infusion of coffee, 
" milk, each, at will. 

Mix, and when cool, strain, and add 



Sugar, 



sufficient. 



An agreeable purge for children. The 
amount of senna to be increased according 
to the age. Guersant and Blake. 

R. Senna, 1 , 

Sulphate of magnesium, L ,J 

Coffee, roasted and f 

' -, ounce, 

ground, J 

Boiling water, four fl. ounces. 

Digest for half an hour, strain, and add 

Sugar, one and a half ounces. 

As efficient as the " black draught" but 
much more agreeable. Combes. 

R. Coffee, roasted and ground, 

Senna, each, one ounce. 

Boiling water, half a pint. 

Make an infusion, and evaporate to one 
ounce, and add 

Simple syrup, three fl. ounces. 

Mix. Combes. 



Infusion of Senna and Buckthorn. 

R. Senna, two drachms. 

Sulphate of sodium, half an ounce. 

Boiling water, four fl. ounces. 

Syrup of buckthorn, one fl. ounce. 
Infuse, cool, and strain. Ellis. 



Infusion with Tincture of Senna. 

R. Infusion of senna, six fl. drachms. 

Tincture of senna, two fl. drachms. 

Manna, two drachms. 

Spearmint water, 

Distilled water, each, 

one fl. ounce and a half. 
Mix. One-half at a dose ; to be repeated, 
if it does not operate. Abernethy. 



Anthelmintic Emulsion. 
R. Infusion of senna, ten fl: drachms. 
Syrup of buckthorn, one fl. drachm. 



534 



SENNA, 



Confection of scammony, 

two scruples. 
Copaiba, thirty minims. 

Spirit of turpentine, 

six fl. drachms. 
Mix, and make an emulsion. Very effi- 
cient as an anthelmintic ; to be taken early 
in the morning. Med.-Chirurg. Rev. 



Compound Senna Mixture. 
R. Sulphate of magnesium, 

four ounces. 

Extract of liquorice, half an ounce. 

Tincture of senna, two and a 

half ounces. 

Comp. tincture of 

cardamom, ten fl. drachms. 

Infusion of senna, sufficient. 

Dissolve the sulphate, and extract in four- 
teen fl. ounces of the infusion, add the tinc- 
tures and sufficient infusion to make twenty 
fl. ounces. 

Dose, two to three tablespoonfuls. 

Brit. Ph. 

R. Infusion of senna, one fl. ounce. 
Tincture of jalap, one fl. drachm. 
Sulphate of magnesium, 

four drachms. 
Syrup of ginger, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. As a purgative draught. 

Ainslie. 



Infusion of Senna and Rhubarb. 

R. Senna, six drachms. 

Manna, one ounce. 
Bruised rhubarb, 
" cardamom, 

each, two drachms. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse for one hour, and strain. Half a 
teacupful every hour, till it operates. 

Ellis. 



Infusion of Senna and Lemon Juice. 

R. Senna, one ounce and a half. 

Fresh lemon-peel, one ounce. 

Lemon juice, one fl. ounce. 

Boiling water, sixteen fl. ounces. 

Infuse for two hours, and strain. 

Lond. Ph. 1746. 



Syrup of Senna. 
R. Senna, broken small, 

sixteen ounces. 
Oil of coriander, three minims. 



Sugar, twenty-four ounces. 

Water, one hundred ounces. 

Alcohol, two fl. ounces. 

Digest senna at 120° first with seventy 
ounces of water for twenty-four hours, after- 
wards with the remaining water for six 
hours. Evaporate the expressed and mixed 
liquids in a water-bath to ten fl. ounces, 
and when cold, add the oil dissolved in the 
alcohol ; filter, wash the filter with water 
to obtain sixteen fl. ounces, and dissolve in 
this the sugar. The product should weigh 
forty-two ounces, and have the sp. gr. 1.310. 
Dose, one to four fl. drachms. Brit. Ph. 
A fluidounce represents half an ounce 
of senna. 



Syrup of Senna and Manna. 
R. Senna, cut, ten parts. 

Fennel, bruised, one part. 

Hot water, fifty parts. 

After several hours express, and dissolve 

Manna, fifteen parts. 

After subsiding, decant, strain, and in fifty- 
five parts dissolve 

Sugar, fifty parts. 

Used as a mild laxative for infants, and 
as an addition to purgative mixtures. 

Ph. Germ. 



Compound Aromatic Syrup of Senna. 

R. Alexandria senna, fourtroyounces. 

Jalap, one troy ounce and a half. 

Rhubarb, four drachms. 

Cinnamon, 

Cloves, each, one drachm. 

Nutmeg, thirty grains. 

Oil of lemon, twenty minims. 

Sugar, twenty-four troyounces. 
Exhaust the first six articles, in powder, 
No. 50, by diluted alcohol, evaporate by 
means of a water-bath to eighteen fluid- 
ounces, filter, dissolve the sugar, and add 
the oil. Dose, two to four fl. drachms. 

Grahame. 



Fluid Extract of Senna. 
R. Senna, in powder, 

No. 60, sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, 

Water, each, four fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Macerate the powder, properly packed in a 
percolator, with the mixed liquids for four 
days ; then, with diluted alcohol, displace 
twenty-six fl. ounces, reserving the first ten, 



SERPENTARIA. 



535 



add to the remainder four fl. ounces of gly- 
cerin, evaporate to six fl. ounces, and mix 
with the reserved portion. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, half a fl. ounce. 



Syrup of Senna and Rhubarb. 

B. Syrup of senna, four fl. ounces. 

" rhubarb, two fl. ounces. 

" cinnamon, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. Van Mons. 



Syrup of Senna and Cider. 
B. Cider, four pounds. 

Senna, four ounces and a half. 

Digest for a night, express, and strain, then 
add 

Sugar, three pounds. 

Clarify, and form a syrup. Sard. Ph. 



Injection of Senna. 
B. Senna, 

Sulphate of sodium, 

each, four drachms. 

Boiling water, sixteen ounces. 
Infuse senna iu the water, strain, and dis- 
solve the sulphate. Paris Codex. 



SBRPENTARIA. 
Virginia Snakeroot. 

Virginia snakeroot is furnished by several 
species of Aristolochia, as the A. serpentaria, 
A. hirsuta, and A. reticulata, all natives of 
the United States, especially the western 
portions. 

Sex. Syst. Gynand. hexand. Nat. Syst. 
Aristolochiace*. 

Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 159. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
529. 

The root, which is the officinal portion, is 
very similar in all the above-mentioned 
species. It is in tufts of slender, long, 
matted fibres, attached to a knotty, rugged 
head. These fibres are brittle, of a yellow- 
ish or brownish color, with an aromatic 
odor, and a pungent, bitter, camphorated 
taste. It is a stimulating tonic, and may 
also act as a diaphoretic and diuretic. The 
dose of the powder is from ten to thirty 
grains, 



Compound Pills of Virginia 
Snakeroot. 
B. Powdered Virginia 

snakeroot, twenty-four grains. 

Camphor, forty-eight grains. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and make eighteen pills ; to be taken 



during the apyrexia, in malignant inter- 
mittents. Foy. 



Electuary of Virginia Snakeroot. 

B. Powdered Virginia snakeroot, 
" conti^erva, 

each, one drachm. 
Aromatic confection, one drachm. 
Preserved ginger, six drachms. 
Syrup of parsley, sufficient. 

Make electuary. Half a drachm every four 
hours, as a febrifuge. Cadet. 



Fluid Extract of Virginia Snakeroot. 

B. Serpentaria, in powder, 

No. 60, sixteen troyounces. 

Alcohol, one pint. 

Macerate the powder, properly packed in 
a percolator, with the alcohol for four days ; 
then with alcohol displace twenty-four fl. 
ounces, reserving the first fourteen, evapo- 
rate the remainder to two fl. ounces, and 
mix with reserved portion. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, ten to thirty minims. 



Infusion of Virginia Snakeroot. 
B. Serpentaria, in powder, 

No. 40, half a troyounce. 

Water, sufficient. 

Moisten with two fl. drachms of water, pack 
firmly in a conical percolator, and with 
water displace one pint. 

It may also be prepared by macerating 
the serpentaria in a pint of boiling water 
for two hours, and straining. U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. macerates half an ounce of 
serpentaria with twenty fl. ounces of boil- 
ing water. 

Dose, one to two fl. ounces every two 
hours, in low forms of fever. 



Compound Infusion of Virginia 
Snakeroot. 

B. Virginia snakeroot, 

Contrayerva, each, five drachms. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for two hours, strain, and add 

Tincture of Virginia 

snakeroot, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. Beasley,. 



Tincture of Virginia Snakeroot. 
B. Serpentaria, in powder, 

No. 50, four tro3'ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement two pints. U. S. Ph. 



536 



SESAMUM. — SIMAKUBA 



The tincture of Brit. Ph. is of nearly the 
same strength. 



Mixture of Virginia Snakeroot and 
Allspice. 

R. Comp. infus. of Virginia 

snakeroot, twelve fl. ounces. 
Tincture of allspice, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. Four spoonfuls every six hours, in 
retrocedent and atonic exanthemata. 

Saunders. 



Acetated Mixture of Virginia 
Snakeroot and Allspice. 

R. Add vinegar, two fl. ounces, 

to sixteen fl. ounces of last- 
mentioned mixture. 

Dose, as above, in petechial typhus. 

Swediaur. 



Infusion of Virginia Snakeroot and 
Ether. 

R. Yirginia snakeroot, six drachms. 

Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 
Infuse, and strain ; when cold, add 

Sulphuric ether, two fl. drachms. 
A tablespoonful, every hour. Richter. 



"Wine of Virginia Snakeroot and 
Vanilla. 

R. Virginia snakeroot, six drachms. 
Vanilla, two drachms. 

Sherry wine, one pint. 

Macerate for four hours, and add to the 
strained liquid 

Camphor, half a drachm. 

Acetic ether, one fl. drachm. 

Syrup of cinnamon, half a fl. ounce. 
Dose, two spoonfuls an hour, in low states 
of the system. Vogt. 



Tincture of Virginia Snakeroot and 
Balsam of Peru. 

R. Virginia snakeroot, six drachms. 

Proof spirit, five fl. ounces. 

Water, sufficient 

to obtain six fl. ounces of strained fluid ; 
after one hour of infusion, add 

Camphor, half a drachm. 

Balsam of Peru, one drachm. 

Gum Arabic, two drachms. 

Make an emulsion, and add 

Acetie ether, one fl. drachm. 

A spoonful every hour, in cases requiring 
stimulation. J'hwbus. 



SESAMUM. 
Benne. 

Two species of Sesamura, the S. orientate, 
and the S. Indicum, afford leaves and seeds 
that are recognized as officinal. They are 
both natives of Asia, and are cultivated in 
the West Indies and in the southern parts 
of the United States. 

Sex. Syst. Didyn. angios. Nat. Syst. Peda- 

Linn. Sp. PI. 883, 884. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
515. 

The seeds are small, inodorous, and afford 
a bland oil, which may be used for all the 
purposes of olive oil. The leaves abound in 
a gummy substance which forms, with wa- 
ter, a rich, bland mucilage, useful in all 
cases requiring the use of demulcents. 



Infusion of Benne. 

R. Fresh leaves of benne, a handful. 
Cool water, a pint. 

Infuse till a mucilage is formed. When 
dried leaves are used, the water should be 
hot. Wood. 



Oil of Benne. 

This is obtained from the seeds by ex- 
pression. It is inodorous, of a sweet, bland 
taste, and keeps well without becoming* 
rancid. It is used as an application to 
promote softness of the skin. Redwood. 

It has likewise been recommended as a 
substitute for the more costly olive oil in 
many pharmaceutical preparations. 



SIMARUBA. 

SlMARUBA. 

This is the bark of the root of Simaruba 
officinalis, a large tree, native of Jamaica, 
and several parts of South America. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Si- 
marubaceje. 

De Cand, Prod. i. 733. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
198. 

The bark is in long pieces, much rolled or 
quilled. It is fibrous, tough ; of a grayish 
color externally, and yellowish within. It 
is inodorous, but extremely bitter. It has 
the properties of the pure bitters, but is apt 
to act on the stomach and bowels. 



Infusion of Simaruba. 

B. Simaruba bark, bruised, 

three drachms. 
Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for two hours, and strain. 

Ed. Ph. 
Dose, two fl. ounces. 



SIXAPIS 



Compound Infusion of Simaruba. 
R. Simaruba, 

Wormwood, each, two drachms. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse for fifteen minutes ; strain, and add 

Syrup of gentian, one fl. ounce. 
To be taken in wineglassful doses. Foy. 



SIN APIS. 

Mustard. 

The seeds of two species of sinapis are used 
iu medicine, those of S. nigra and 8. alba, 
both annual plants, indigenous to many 
parts of Europe, and cultivated in our gar- 
dens. 

Sex. Syst. Tetradyn. siliq. Nat. Syst. Bras- 
sicaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 933. Griffith, Med. Bot. 133. 

Black mustard seeds are small, globular, 
of a deep brown color, having a peculiar 
smell when bruised, which becomes pun- 
gent on the flour being mixed with water ; 
Their taste is bitterish and pungent. "White 
mustard seeds are larger, of a yellowish 
color, and less pungent. These seeds act as 
a laxative ; when in the state of flour, they 
operate as an emetic, and when applied to 
the skin as a rubefacient, or even vesicant. 



Cataplasm of Mustard. 
R. Boiling water, ten fl. ounces. 

Cake meal, 
Flour of mustard, 

each, two ounces and a half. 
Mix the powders, and gradually add the 
water, stirring till a cataplasm is formed. 

Brit. Ph. 

R. Flour of mustard, two' ounces. 

Crumb of bread, four ounces. 

Common salt, half an ounce. 

Yinegar, sufficient. 

Mix. Amnion. 

Used as rubefacients and revulsives. 



Compound Cataplasm of Mustard. 
R. Flour of mustard, eight ounces. 
Powdered white pepper, 
" ginger, 

each, one drachm. 

Oxymel, sufficient. 

Mix. Foy. 

R. Flour of mustard, four ounces. 
Yeast, one ounce and a half. 

Chloride of ammonium, 

one drachm. 

Rue, half an ounce. 

Yinegar, sufficient. 

Mix. Span. Ph. 

Used as above. 



R. Flour of mustard, 

Hot water, 
Mix. As a rubefacient. 



537 

four ounces, 
sufficient. 

Ellis. 



Mustard Paper. 

R. Black mustard, in powder, 

ninety grains. 
Solution of gutta-percha, 

sufficient. 
Add together to obtain a mixture of semi- 
liquid consistence, and spread on one side 
of rather stiff paper, four inches square; 
then dry. Before applying to the skin dip 
for about fifteen seconds in warm water. 

U. S. Ph. 



Mustard Gargle. 
R. Mustard, four drachms. 

White wine, six ounces. 

Angelica spirit, one ounce. 

Digest, and strain. Thilenius. 

R. Flour of mustard, one drachm. 
Water of angelica, 
u hyssop, 

each, six fl. ounces. 
Spirit of horseradish, 

half a fl. ounce. 
Chloride of ammonium, 

four fl. scruples. 

Honey of roses, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. Spielmann. 



Mustard Foot Bath. 

R. Flour of mustard, four ounces. 

Hot water, one gallon. 

Mix. Btral. 



Injection of Mustard. 

R. Flour of mustard, two drachms. 
Boiling water, sixteen ounces. 

Infuse. In uterine discharges arising from 
ulcerated carcinoma. Ashwell. 



Mustard Whey. 
R. Milk, one pint. 

Water, two pounds. 

Bruised mustard-seed, 

one ounce and a half. 
Boil till curdled, and strain. Beasley. 

R. Milk, one pint. 

Bruised mustard seed, one ounce. 
Boil till curdled, and strain, then add 

Sherry wine, six fl. ounces. 



538 



A draught every hour or two, iu low states 
of the system. " Ellis. 



SODIUM. — SODA, 



Mustard Ointment. 
R. Flour of mustard, three ounces. 

Oil of almonds, half a fl. ounce. 

Lemon juice, sufficient. 

Mix. In sun-burn, etc. Frank. 



Compound Mustard Ointment. 
R. Resin ointment, one ounce. 

Soap, half an ounce. 

Camphor, two scruples. 

Flour of mustard, one scruple. 
Mix. Ferriar. 



Lotion of Mustard. 
R. Flour of mustard, one ounce. 

Express the oil, and add to the mass 

Oil of turpentine, eight ounces. 
Macerate for three days, express, and strain. 
As a friction in paralysis. Niemann. 



Fixed Oil of Mustard. 

A fixed oil is obtained in the preparation 
of flour of mustard, by subjecting the 
bruised seed to powerful expression in an 
hydraulic press. This oil is used as a sub- 
stitute for sweet oil, for dressing salad, etc. 



Volatile Oil of Black Mustard. 
R. Bruised black mustard 

seed, twenty pounds. 

Cold water, sufficient to cover. 

Macerate, distil, and separate the oil. 

Magendie. 
A very active rubefacient. 



Tincture of Oil of Mustard. 

R. Volatile oil of mustard, one part. 
Alcohol, fifty parts. 

Dissolve. A good rubefacient. 

Ph. Germ. 



Compound Liniment of Mustard. 
R. Volatile oil of mustard, 

one fl. drachm. 
Ethereal extract of 

mezereon, forty grains. 

Camphor, one hundred and 

twenty grains. 

Castor oil, five 11. drachms. 

Alcohol, four fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. As a rubefacient. Brit. Ph. 



R. Lard, 

Oil of almonds, 

each, twelve ounces. 

Yellow wax, four ounces. 

Melt by a gentle heat, pour into a heated 
mortar, and when cooling, add 

Oil of lavender, three ounces. 
Carbonate of 

ammonium, half an ounce. 

Tincture of mustard, 

two fl. ounces. 
Camphor, one ounce. 

Triturate the ammonia with the oil of 
lavender ; dissolve the camphor in the tinc- 
ture, and add both to the melted mass, 
incorporating well. As an application to 
chilblains. B6ral. 



SODIUM. 

Sodium. 

SODA. 

Caustic Soda. 



R. Solution of soda, at will. 

Evaporate in an iron vessel, till it will 
solidify, on cooling ; pour upon a flat stone 
or iron plate. U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. 



Solution of Soda. 

R. Carbonate of sodium, 

twenty-six troyounces. 
Lime, eight troyounces. 

Dissolve the carbonate in three and a half 
pints of distilled water, heat to boiling, and 
mix with it the hot mixture of the lime, and 
three pints of distilled water ; boil for ten 
minutes, transfer to a muslin strainer, and 
wash the sediment upon it with enough 
distilled water to make the strained liquid 
measure six pints ; keep it in bottles of 
green glass. It has the sp. gr. 1.071, and 
contains five and seven-tenths per cent, of 
hydrate of sodium. U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. employs twenty-eight ounces 
of carbonate of sodium and twelve ounces 
of lime, and obtains a solution of the sp. gr. 
1.047. 

Ph. Germ, orders a solution having the 
sp. gr. 1.332, and containing thirty per 
cent, of hydrate of sodium. 

Caustic soda is used as a caustic and 
escharotic, like caustic potassa. The solu- 
tion is antacid and sedative to the stomach, 
and appears to influence the secretion of the 
liver. Dose of the solution of U. S. Ph. 
and Brit. Ph. ten to thirty minims, largely 
diluted. 



SODA CHLOEINATA. — SODII ACETAS. 



539 



SODA CHLORINATA. 

Chlorinated Soda. 

R. Dried carbonate of sodium, 

nineteen parts. 
"Water, one part. 

Mix and place in a suitable vessel, and pass 
in chlorine gas to saturation. Chrisiison. 
This article is more generally used in the 
liquid state, prepared in the following 
manner. 



Solution of Chlorinated Soda. 
R. Chlorinated lime, 

twelve troyounces. 
Carbonate of sodium, 

twenty-four troyounces. 
Water, twelve pints. 

Dissolve the carbonate of sodium in three 
pints of the water, with the aid of heat. 
Triturate the remainder of the water with 
the chlorinated lime, in small portions at a 
time. Set aside for some hours, to settle ; 
decant clear solution, and add that of the 
carbonate of sodium, decant, and strain 
through linen, and keep in bottles, pro- 
tected from the light. U. S. Ph. 
Solution of chlorinated soda, Paris 
Codex, is less than one-third this strength; 
Ph. Germ, directs four chlorinated lime, 
five carbonate of sodium, and thirty parts 
of water. 

R. Carbonate of sodium, 

, twelve ounces. 
Distilled water, thirty-six ounces. 
Dissolve, and pass into the solution the 
washed chlorine gas evolved from fifteen fl. 
ounces of muriatic acid and four ounces of 
black oxide of manganese ; then keep the 
liquid in stoppered bottles in a cool and 
dark place. Brit. Ph. 

This is known as Labarraque's Disin- 
fecting Solution; it is chiefly employed 
as a disinfectant, but is also used internally, 
in doses of thirty drops to one fl. drachm, 
in low fevers, etc. 



Diluted Solution of Chlorinated 
Soda. 

R. Solution of chlorinated 

soda, half a fl. drachm. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 

To be taken in spoonful doses, in the 

apyrexia of intermittents. Gouzee. 

R. Solution of chlorinated 

soda, one part. 

Water, twelve to sixteen parts. 
As a lotion to foul and cancerous ulcers. 

Foy. 



Gargle of Chlorinated Soda. 

R. Solution of chlorinated 



soda, 
Hydromel, 
Distilled water, 



Mix. 



one fl. drachm. 

one fl. ounce. 

seven fl. ounces. 

Beral. 



Mouth Wash of Chlorinated Soda. 
R. Solution of chlorinated soda, 
Tincture of myrrh, 

each, half a fl. ounce. 

Rose water, one fl. ounce. 

Water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. In aphthous ulceration of the mouth. 

Waring. 



R 



Injection of Chlorinated Soda. 

Solution of chlorinated 

soda, one fl. ounce. 

Water, sixteen fl. ounces. 

Mix. Used as a vaginal injection in fetid 
discharges from malignant diseases. 

Pereira. 



Cataplasm of Chlorinated Soda. 

R. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 
Cake meal, four ounces. 

Solution of chlorinated 

soda, two fl. ounces. 

Add the meal gradually to the water, con- 
stantly stirring ; then mix in the chlorinated 
soda. 

Applied to foul and sloughing ulcers. 

Brit. Ph. 



SODII ACETAS. 

Acetate of Sodium. 

It is chiefly prepared by the manufacturer 
of crude pyroligneous acid, in the process 
of obtaining the officinal acetic acid. 

Diuretic or cathartic, according to dose, 
which varies from one scruple to four 
drachms. 



Compound Pills of Acetate of 
Sodium. 

R. Acetate of sodium, five drachms. 
Camphor, 
Nitrate of potassium, 

each, two drachms 

Conserve of elder berries, 

sufficient. 

Mix, and make one hundred and twenty 
pills. Dose, two, morning and evening, to 
check the secretion of milk. Bories, 



540 



SODII AESENIAS. — SODII BICARBONAS. 



each, one 
drachm. 



B. Acetate of sodium, 
Powdered rhubarb, 
Inspissated ox gall, 
Powdered gum Arabic, 

half a drachm. 

Mix, and make pills of two grains. Dose, 
ten to fifteen, twice a day, as a laxative. 

Augustin. 



SODII ARSENIAS. 

Arseniate of Sodium. 

B. White arsenic, two tro jounces. 
Nitrate of sodium, eight 

hundred and sixteen grains. 
Dried carbonate of 

sodium, five hundred and 

twenty-eight grains. 

Pulverize, mix, and introduce into a clay- 
crucible, expose to a full red heat until effer- 
vescence ceases and complete fusion has 
taken place. Pour the salt on a porcelain 
slab, and while still warm, put into half a 
pint of boiling distilled water, dissolve, 
filter, and crystallize. 

Brit. Ph. and U. S. Ph. 
In intermittents, and some diseases of 
the skin. Dose, one-sixteenth to one-eighth 
of a grain. 



Solution of Arseniate of Sodium. 
B. Arseniate of sodium, rendered 
anhydrous by a heat not ex- 
ceeding 300°, four grains. 
Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. Dose, five to ten minims. 

U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. 



B 



Heinecke's Solution. 

Arseniate of sodium, six grains. 
Peppermint water, 

two fl. ounces and a half. 
Add to the solution 

Wine of cinnamon, 

half a fl. ounce. 
Laudanum, one fl. drachm. 

Dose, forty to fifty drops, four times a day. 

Heinecke. 



Pearson's Solution. 
B. Crystallized arseniate of 

sodium, one grain, 

Distilled water, one fl. ounce, 

Dissolve. Dose, twenty drops. Pearson, 



B. Arseniate of sodium, one grain. 
Distilled water, 

six hundred grains. 
Dissolve. Paris Codex. 



SODII BICARBONAS. 

Bicarbonate op Sodium. 

Carbonate of sodium, 

crystallized, two pounds. 

Carbonate of sodium, 

dried, three pounds. 

Triturate together, and saturate in a suit- 
able bottle with carbonic acid gas ; then 
shake the salt with half its weight of cold 
distilled water, drain, and dry by exposure 
to the air. Brit. Ph. 

B. Commercial bicarbonate of 

sodium, in powder, sixty-four 
troyounces. 

Put in a conical glass percolator, cover with 
wet muslin, and percolate six pints, or suffi- 
cient water through it until the percolate 
ceases to precipitate a solution of sulphate 
of magnesium ; dry it. U. S. Ph. 

Antacid. Dose, ten to sixty grains. 



B 



Emulsion with Bibarbonate of 
Sodium. 

Bicarbonate of sodium, 

sixteen grains. 
Nitre, four grains. 

Syrup of marsh mallow, 
" violets, each, 

one fl. ounce. 
Lettuce water, two fl. ounces. 

Emulsion of almonds, 

twelve fl. ounces. 
Mix. In nephritic complaints. B4ral. 



Effervescent Citro-Tartrate of 
Sodium. 

B. Bicarbonate of sodium, 

in powder, seventeen ounces. 
Tartaric acid, in powder, 

eight ounces. 
Citric acid, in powder, 

six ounces. 
Mix thoroughly, heat the mixture to be- 
tween 200° and 220°, and when the parti- 
cles begin to aggregate, stir assiduously to 
obtain granules ; by suitable sieves sepa- 
rate the granules of uniform and conve- 
nient size. Dose, one to two drachms. 

Brit. Ph. 



SODII BICABBOSTAS. 



541 



Effervescing Soda Powders. 

R. Bicarbonate of sodium, 

twenty-six grains. 

Powdered ginger, five grains. 

White sugar, two drachms. 

Essence of lemon, one drop. 

Mix, and put in a white paper. 

R. Tartaric acid, half a drachm. 

Put in a blue paper. When used, dissolve 
the contents of each paper in four fl. ounces 
of water, mix the solutions, and drink in a 
state of effervescence. 

Known as the Ginger beer powders. 

Pereira. 



Powder of Bicarbonate of Sodium 
and Magnesia. 

R. Magnesia, half an ounce. 

Bicarbonate of sodium, 
Powdered ginger, each, 

one scruple. 

Mix. A small teaspoonful occasionally. 

Ellis. 



Lotion of Bicarbonate of Sodium. 
R. Bicarbonate of sodium, 

two or three drachms. 



Water, 



one pint. 



Dissolve. Eecommended in eczema and 
impetigo of the scalp. Devergie. 



Lozenges of Bicarbonate of Sodium. 
R. Bicarbonate of sodium, 

three troyounces. 

Powdered sugar, nine troyounces. 

" nutmeg, sixty grains. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 

Beat together, aud form four hundred and 

eighty lozenges. U. S. Ph. 

Antacid and antilithic. They contain 

three grains ; those of Brit. Ph. each five 

grains of bicarbonate. 

R. Bicarbonate of sodium, 

two ounces. 

Sugar, thirty-four ounces. 

Oil of peppermint, eighteen drops. 

Mucilage, thiil^-six drachms. 
Mix, and make lozenges of eighteen grains. 



R. Bicarbonate of sodium, four parts. 

Sugar, sixty parts. 

Chocolate, ei^lit parts. 

Mucilage, nine parts. 

Make lozenges of eighteen grains. Biral. 



Anti-Emetic Mixture. 
R. Bicarbonate of 

sodium, one drachm and a half. 
Powdered gum Arabic, 

two drachms. 
Oil of spearmint, four drops. 

White sugar, two drachms. 

Carbonic acid water, 

four fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally, to 
calm the stomach, or prevent vomiting. 

Dewees. 



Effervescent Soda Solution. 
R. Bicarbonate of sodium, 

thirty grains. 
Water, twenty ounces. 

Dissolve, and pass carbonic acid gas into 
the solution to obtain a pressure of seven 
atmospheres. Brit. Ph. 



Artificial Seidlitz "Water. 
R. Sulphate of magnesium, 

one ounce. 
Bicarbonate of sodium, 
Tartaric acid, in crystals, 

each, one drachm. 

Water, twenty-one fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the salts separately, filter the so- 
lutions, mix in a suitable bottle, add the 
acid, and cork well. Paris Codex. 



Artificial Selters (Seltzer) Water. 

R. Chloride of calcium, four grains. 

" magnesium, 

twelve grains. 

" sodium, four grains. 

Carbonate of sodium, sixteen grs. 

Phosphate of sodium, one grain. 

Sulphate of iron, one-sixth grain. 

" sodium, six grains. 

Carbonic acid water, twenty 

fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Soubeiran. 



Artificial Vichy Water. 
R. Carbonate of sodium, one hun- 
dred and six grains. 
Chloride of sodium, three grains. 

" calcium, 

Sulphate of sodium, each, 

eight grains. 

" magnesium, . two 

and a half grains. 

" iron, one-tenth grain. 

Water, twenty fl. ounces. 



542 



SODII BISULPHAS. — SODII BORAS 



Dissolve and impregnate with four volumes 
of carbonic acid. Dorvault. 



Soda Mint. 
R. Bicarbonate of sodium, 

four drachms. 
Aromatic spirit of 

ammonia, one drachm. 

Peppermint water, one pint. 

Dissolve, and mix. Dose, a tablespoonful 
for adults, thirty to sixty minims for in- 
fants, as an antacid and carminative for 
over-fed infants and dyspeptics. G. Norris. 



Mixture of Bicarbonate of Sodium 
and Copaiba. 

R. Bicarbonate of sodium, 

one drachm. 

Almond emulsion, four fl. ounces. 

Copaiba, two fl. drachms. 

Laudanum, sixty drops. 

Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally, in 
acute pain in the bladder. Ellis. 



SODII BISULPHAS. 

BlSULPHATE OF SODIUM. 

R. Dried sulphate of sodium, 

ten parts. 

Sulphuric acid, seven parts. 

Heat in a crucible. 
Purgative in doses of two to six drachms. 



Bisulphate of Sodium and Magnesium. 
R. Bisulphate of sodium, at will. 



Hot water, 



sufficient. 



Dissolve, add magnesia to saturation ; 
filter, and crystallize. 

Laxative and diuretic, in doses from 
half a drachm to two drachms, several 
times a day. Van Mons. 



Effervescent Solution of Bisulphate 
of Sodium. 

R. Bisulphate of sodium, 

eight drachms. 
Bicarbonate of sodium, 

five drachms. 
Water, one quart. 

Dissolve in a suitable bottle. A pleasant 
aperient, in doses of a wineglassful. 

Dorvault 



SODII BORAS. 
Borax. 

Borax is found native in several parts of 
Europe, and in Peru, and on the snores of 
certain lakes in Persia and Thibet. 

It is a mild diuretic. The dose is about 
thirty grains. 



Compound Powder of Borax. 

R. Powdered borax, one drachm. 

" saffron, ten grains. 

Oil of cinnamon, two drops. 

Mix, for two doses. As an emmenagogue. 

Wedel. 

R. Cream of tartar, one ounce. 

Nitrate of potassium, 

Borax, each, two drachms. 

Powdered digitalis, twenty grains. 
Mix and make twelve powders. One, twice 
or thrice daily, in dropsy. Copland. 



Lozenges of Borax. 

R. Powdered borax, two drachms. 
" sugar, half an ounce. 

Mucilage, sufficient. 

Mix, and make thirty lozenges. One, occa- 
sionally, in aphthous sore mouth. 

Phoebus. 



Pills of Borax and Aloes. 

R. Borax, thirt} r grains. 
Aloes, 

Capsicum, each, twenty grains. 

Oil of lavender, sufficient. 

Make eighteen pills. Dose, two, thrice 

daily, in amenorrhcea. Copland. 



Collutory of Borax. 

R. Borax, two drachms. 
Water, 
Tincture of myrrh, 

each, one fl. ounce. 

Honey of roses, two ounces. 

Mix. Swediaur. 

R. Borax, three drachms. 

Mucilage of quince seeds, 

eight fl. ounces. 



Honey of roses, 



Mix. 



two ounces. 
Bahi. 



R. Borax, three drachms. 

Infusion of roses, one fl. ounce. 

Honey of roses, two ounces. 

Mix. Pringle. 



SODII BEOMIDTTM. 



543 



Collyrium of Borax. 
R. Borax, one drachm. 

Laudanum, half fl. drachm. 

Rose water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. Fricke. 



R. Borax, 

Sugar, 

Rose water, 
Mix. 



half a drachm. 

one drachm. 

two fl. ounces. 

Richard. 



Gargle of Borax. 
R. Borax, two drachms. 

Oxymel, half fl. ounce. 

Water, eleven fl. ounces. 

Mix. Beasley. 

R. Borax, one drachm. 

Tincture of myrrh, half fl. ounce. 
Clarified honey, one fl. ounce. 

Rose water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. Ellis. 

In aphthous sore mouth, ptyalism, etc. 



Lotion of Borax. 

R. Borax, half a drachm. 

Orange-flower water, 

Rose water, each, half fl. ounce. 
Dissolve. In pruritus. Cadet. 

R. Borax, half an ounce. 

Sulphate of morphia, six grains. 

Rose water, eight fl. ounces. 

Mix. Used as a lotion in pruritus vulvae. 

C. D. Meigs. 

Glycerite of Borax. 

R. Borax, in powder, one troyounce. 
Glycerin, four fl. ounces. 

Rub together until dissolved. 

U. S. Ph. and Brit. Ph. 



Cosmetic Wash of Borax. 

R. Benzoin, one drachm. 

Bitter almonds, six drachms. 

Borax, two drachms. 

. Rose water, eight ounces. 

Make emulsion and dissolve the borax. 

Schubarth. 



Vinegar of Borax. 

R. Distilled vinegar, two fl. ounces. 
Borax, one drachm. 

As lotion to ringworm of the 
Christison. 



Dissolve, 
scalp. 



Honey of Borax. 
R. Powdered borax, one drachm. 
Clarified honey, one troyounce. 
Mix. Jl S. Ph. 

In aphtha. 



Mixture of Borax. 
R. Borax, two drachms. 

Chamomile water, four fl. ounces. 
Syrup of orange-peel, 

half fl. ounce. 
Liquid succinate of 

ammonium, two fl. drachms. 
Wine of opium, half a fl. drachm. 

Mix. As an emmenagogue, and to facili- 
tate parturition. Dose, two spoonfuls every 
half hour. Swediaur. 

R. Powdered ergot, twenty grains. 

Borax, ten grains. 

Cinnamon water, one ounce. 

Mix. One dose. Rigby. 



Liniment of Borax. 
R. Borax, one drachm. 

Balsam of Peru, ninety grains. 
Oil of almonds, one ounce. 

Yolk of egg, 

White of egg, each, two drachms. 
Mix thoroughly. Applied to sore nipples. 

Harless. 



Ointment of Borax. 

R. Powdered borax, fifteen grains. 

Fresh butter, two drachms. 

Rub together. Applied to scaly eruptions. 

Radius. 

R. Powdered borax, one drachm. 
Lard, one ounce. 

Rub together. An excellent application 
to painful hemorrhoidal tumors, and to 
cracked nipples. Pereira. 

two drachms, 
one ounce. 

Cadet. 



R. Powdered borax, 

Rose ointment, 
Mix. For children. 



SODII BROMIDUM. 

Bromide of Sodium. 
R. Solution of bromide 

of iron, at will. 

" carbonate 

of sodium, sufficient 

to precipitate; filter, and evaporate. 

Magendie. 



54A 



SODII CAEBOLAS. — SODII CAEBONAS 



Ointment of Bromide of Sodium. 

R. Bromide of sodium, 

thirty-four grains. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. As an application to obstinate 

cutaneous eruptions. Magendie. 



SODII CARBOLAS. 
Carbolate of Sodium. 



Solution of Carbolate of Sodium. 

R. Pure carbolic acid, five parts. 
Liquid caustic soda, 
Distilled water, 

Dissolve. 

Used like pure carbolic acid, of which this 
solution contains half its weight. Made 
with impure carbolic acid, it may be used 
externally. 



one part. 

four parts. 

Ph. Germ. 



SODII CARBONAS. 
Carbonate op Sodium. 



Dried Carbonate of Sodium. 

R. Carbonate of sodium, at will. 

Heat in a clean iron vessel, till perfectly 
dried, stirring constantly ; rub into powder. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, three to ten grains. 



Solution of Carbonate of Sodium. 

R. Carbonate of 

sodium, one ounce and a half. 

Distilled water, (imp.) one pint. 

Dissolve. The sp. gr. is 1.026. Dub. Ph. 

Dose, half a fl. ounce to one ounce diluted, 

two or three times a day, as antacid, etc. 



Diuretic Solution with Carbonate of 
Sodium. 

R. Carbonate of 

sodium, three drachms. 

Nitre, one drachm and a half. 

Honey, one ounce and a half. 

Decoction of 

couchgrass, three pints. 

Mix. A glassful every hour, in dropsy. 

Cadet. 



Mixture of Carbonate of Sodium and 
Ipecacuanha. 

R. Carbonate of 

sodium, twelve grains. 

Wine of ipecacuanha, 

twenty drops. 



Laudanum, 



four drops, 
one fl. ounce. 



Distilled water, 

Mix. A teaspoonful every two or three 
hours, in hooping-cough of children. Ellis. 



Mixture of Carbonate of Sodium and 
Chamomile. 

R. Carbonate of sodium, one drachm. 
Chamomile water, three fl. ounces. 
Syrup of gentian, one fl. ounce. 
Tincture of Peruvian 

bark, one fl. drachm. 

Mix. A spoonful occasionally, in scrofula. 

Foy. 



Mixture of Carbonate of Sodium and 
Quassia. 

R. Carbonate of 

sodium, two drachms and a half. 
Rasped quassia, 

one drachm and a half. 
Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse for one hour, and strain. Two to four 
spoonfuls a day, in dyspepsia. Augustin. 



Mixture of Carbonate of Sodium and 
Gentian. 

R. Carbonate of sodium, 

four scruples. 
Compound infusion 

of gentian, three fl. ounces. 

Cinnamon water, three fl. ounces. 
Tincture of cardamom, 

half a fl. ounce. 

Mix. A tablespoon ful every two or three 
hours, in acidity and flatulence. Ellis. 



R 



Pills of Soda and Rhubarb. 

Powdered rhubarb, 
Dried carbonate of 

sodium, 
Extract of gentian, 
Calomel, three grains. 

Mix, and make twenty pills. Two, occa- 
sionally, in dyspepsia. Ellis. 



each, one 
scruple. 



SODII CHLOEAS. 



545 



Pills of Soda and Ipecacuanha. 
R. Carbonate of sodium, one drachm. 
Bitter almonds, half a drachm. 
Ipecacuanha, three grains. 

Extract of madder, 

twenty-four grains. 
"Water, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and form sixty pills. Three, 
morning and evening, in obstinate cutane- 
ous diseases. Foy. 

Carbonate of Sodium Pills. 
R. Extract of chamomile, 

one drachm. 
Powdered rhubarb, one scruple. 
Carbonate of sodium, 

half a drachm. 

Oil of caraway, ten minims. 

Syrup of ginger, sufficient. 

Mix. and make twenty-four pills. Two to be 

taken thrice a day, in dyspepsia. Ainslie. 



Injection of Carbonate of Sodium. 
R. Carbonate of sodium, one drachm. 

Soap, two ounces. 

Water, twelve fl. ounces. 

Advised as an injection, in cases of uric 
acid calculi. Bories. 



Pills of Carbonate of Sodium. 
R. Dried carbonate of 

sodium, one drachm. 

Soap, two scruples. 

Water, sufficient. 

Beat together, and make thirty pills. 
Three, thrice a day. In calculous affec- 
tions. Ellis. 



Powder of Carbonate of Sodium and 
Rhubarb. 

R. Dried carbonate of 

sodium, one ounce. 

Rhubarb, four drachms. 

Ginger, one scruple. 

Mix. In cardialgia, and dyspepsia. 

Beasley. 
Dose, ten to twentv grains. 



Powder of Carbonate of Sodium and 
Mercury. 

R. Dried carbonate of 

sodium, five drachms. 

Calomel, one drachm. 

Compound chalk 

powder, ten drachms. 

Mix. Dose, eight to sixteen grains. 

Guy's Uosp. 



Lotion of Carbonate of Sodium. 

R. Saturated solutiou of 

carbonate of sodium, one ounce. 



Warm water, 



two pints. 



Ointment of Carbonate of Sodium. 
R. Carbonate of sodium, 

two drachms. 
Wine of opium, one fl. drachm. 
Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. In cutaneous affections attended with 
pain. Soubeiran. 

R. Carbonate of sodium, 

Sulphuret of sodium, 

each, one drachm. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. In tinea capitis, having removed the 
crusts. Alibert. 

R. Impure carbonate 

of sodium, three drachms. 

Slaked lime, two drachms. 

Lard, two ounces. 

Mix. As the last. Cadet. 



R. Carbonate of 
sodium, 

Slaked lime, 

Opium, 

Lard, 
Mix. In prurigo. 



two drachms. 

one drachm. 

two grains. 

two ounces. 

Biett. 



SODII CHLORAS. 

Chlorate op Sodium. 

R. Tartaric acid, five ounces. 

Boiling water, two pints. 

Dissolve, and add 

Carbonate of sodium, 

forty -five drachms and a half. 
Also, dissolve 

Chlorate of potassium, 

four ounces and fifteen grains. 
Boiling water, sixteen fl. ounces. 

Mix the solutions whilst "boiling, filter, 
evaporate, and crystallize. Hamb. Ph. 



Mix. As a lotion in pruritus. Radius. 
35 



Lotion of Chlorate of Sodium. 
R. Chlorate of sodium, two drachms. 

Water, four fl. ounces. 

In pruritus. Darling. 



5±6 



SODII CHLORIDUM, 



Gargle of Chlorate of Sodium. 
R. Chlorate of sodium, 

one to three scruples. 

Barley water, three ounces. 

Honey of roses, one ounce. 

Mix. Radius. 



Collutory of Chlorate of Sodium. 
R. Chlorate of sodium, in powder, 

Honey, equal weights. 

Mix well. Dorvault. 



SODII CHLORIDUM. 

SOD^J MlJRIAS. 

(Common Salt.) 



Powder of Common Salt and 
Cochineal. 

R. Powdered common salt, 

three drachms. 
" cochineal, fifteen grs. 

Mix, and divide into six powders. Anthel- 
mintic. One, every morning, following; the 
last dose by some purgative. Rush. 



Compound Saline Powder. 

R. Common salt, 

Sulphate of magnesium, 

each, four ounces. 
" potassium, 

three ounces. 

Dry the salts separately, and pulverize ; rub 
them well together, and keep in well-closed 
vessels. Ed. Ph. 

As a laxative, in doses of two or three 
drachms, in a half pint of carbonic acid 
water, early in the morning. 

Bath of Common Salt and Gelatine. 
R. Common salt, one pound. 

Water, four pints. 

Pour the solution in a bath, and add 

Flanders glue, two pounds, 

olved in 

Water, six pints. 

Recommended in scrofulous affections. 

Foy. 



Fomentation of Common Salt. 
R. Common salt, two ounces. 

Water, six fl. ounces. 

Vinegar, 

Brandy, each, three fl. ounces. 
M i.\. Asa fomentation to bruises. Vogt. 



Clyster with Common Salt. 



R. Common salt, 
Barley water, 

Add to the solution 
Olive oil, 

Mix. 



one ounce, 
half a pint. 

one fl. ounce. 
Mid. Hosp. 



R. Common salt, one to two ounces. 

Tepid flaxseed infusion, one pint. 
Dissolve, and add 

Castor or olive oil, 

Molasses, each, two fl. ounces. 
One-half to be used at a time ; the remain- 
der in half an hour afterwards, if needed. 

Ellis. 



Clyster of Common Salt and Arnica. 
R. Common salt, one ounce. 

Infusion of arnica, 

twelve fl. ounces. 
Mix. Said to be useful in apoplexy and 
paralysis. Foy. 



Mixture of Common Salt and 
Lemon Juice. 

R. Lemon juice, at will. 

Common salt, sufficient 

to saturate ; filter. A tablespoonful every 
hour, in apyrexia of intermittents. 

Bories. 



Ointment of Common Salt. 

R. Common salt, one drachm. 

Water, 



Lard. 



sufficient to dissolve, 
one ounce. 



Rub together till smooth. The strength to 
be gradually increased from one drachm of 
the salt to four. To inflamed eyelids. 

Tavignot. 



Compound Ointment of Common Salt. 

R. Common salt, one ounce and a half. 

Water, sufficient to dissolve. 

Simple cerate, three ounces. 

Rose-water ointment, one ounce. 
Rub together. In tinea capitis, as a fric- 
tion, morning and evening. St. Marie. 

R. Common salt, two drachms. 

Nut oil, one drachm. 

Ox gall, one ounce and a half. 
Digest together for thirty-six hours, and 
triturate well. As a friction to scrofulous 
tumors. Roncalli. 



SODII CITEAS. — SODII IODIDUM, 



547 



SODII CITEAS. 

Solution of Citrate of Sodium. 
(Potion of Riverus.) 
R. Citric acid, four parts. 

Pure carbonate of sodium, 

(crystallized), nine parts. 

Distilled water, one hundred 

and ninety parts. 

Dissolve the acid in the water, add the car- 
bonate, dissolve by agitation, and then cork 
the vial. Ph. Germ. 

Somewhat effervescent. Used in place of 
neutral mixture. 



SODII HYPOSULPHIS. 

Hyposulphite of Sodium. 

B. Carbonate of sodium, 

eight ounces. 

Distilled water, one pint. 

Dissolve, and mix with the solution 

Sulphur, cne ounce. 

Then pass an excess of sulphurous acid gas 
into the liquid ; boil for a few minutes in a 
matrass; filter, evaporate to one-third, and 
set aside to crystallize. Paris Codex. 

Used in diseases of the skin, in doses of 
ten grains to one drachm. 

R. Dried carbonate of sodium, 

in powder, one pound. 

Sulphur, five ounces. 

Mix and heat in a porcelain vessel until the 
sulphur melts ; stirring the mass to bring 
every portion in contact with the air. Dis- 
solve the compound thus formed in water ; 
filter, boil the solution with sulphur; filter, 
evaporate, and crystallize. Walchner. 

Principally used in daguerreotyping. 



Collutory of Hyposulphite of Sodium. 

R. Hyposulphite of sodium, 

Glycerin, each, two drachms. 

Water, six drachms. 

Dissolve and mix. In diphtheria. 



Fomentation of Hyposulphite of 
Sodium. 

R. Hyposulphite of sodium, 

one ounce. 
Water, twelve ounces. 

Dissolve. In tineae. Till. Fox. 



Syrup of Hyposulphite of Sodium. 
R. Hyposulphite of sodium, 

one ounce. 

Water, twelve fl. ounces. 

Sugar, twenty-three ounces. 

Dissolve the salt in the water, add the 

sugar, and form syrup. Dose, from one to 

two ounces twice a day. Mouchon. 



Bath of Hyposulphite of Sodium. 
B. Hyposulphite of sodium, 

one to four ounces. 
Water, one gallon. 

Dissolve, and mix with the water of a bath, 
adding vinegar while the patient is in the 
bath, to liberate the sulphurous acid and 
sulphur. Pereira. 



SODII NITRAS. 

Nitrate or Sodium. 
(Cubic Nitre.) 

This salt is found in immense beds in 
Peru, whence it is imported for the manu- 
facture of nitric acid, chrome yellow, sul- 
phuric acid, etc. 

It crystallizes in rhomboidal prisms ; its 
taste is sharp, cooling, and bitter. 

It is used in medicine for similar purposes 
as nitrate of potassium, and in about the 
same doses ; on account of its mild action 
it is principally used in febrile conditions of 
children. 



B 



Mixture of Nitrate of Sodium. 

Nitrate of sodium, thirty grains. 
Decoction of marsh mallow, 

two ounces. 
Sugar, two drachms. 

Mix. One or two fl. drachms every hour. 

FricTce. 



Fomentation of Nitrate of Sodium. 
B. Nitrate of sodium, one ounce. 
Water, two ounces. 

Dissolve. In articular rheumatism. 

Rademacher. 



B. 



SODII IODIDUM. 

Iodide or Sodium. 

Solution of iodide of iron, 
recently prepared, at will. 

Solution of carbonate of 

sodium, sufficient 



;48 



SODII PHOSPHAS. — SODII SULPHAS 



to precipitate : filter and evaporate to crys- 
tallization. 

Used for the same purposes and in the 
same manner as iodide of potassium. It is 
stated by Gamberini to be better borne and 
less likely to occasion iodism than the po- 
tassium salt. Dose, five to twenty grains. 



SODII PHOSPHAS. 

Phosphate of Sodium. 

R. Powdered burnt bones, 

ten pounds. 
Sulphuric acid, six pounds. 

Carbonate of sodium, sufficient. 

Mix the powdered bone with the acid in an 
earthen vessel, add a gallon of water, and 
stir. Digest for three days, occasionally 
adding a little water, then pour in a gallon 
of boiling water, and strain ; adding boiling 
water till the liquid passes almost tasteless. 
Let settle, decant, and boil down to a gallon. 
After settling, pour it into an iron vessel, 
heat, and gradually add the carbonate of so- 
dium dissolved in hot water, as long as there 
is effervescence ; then filter, and let crystal- 
lize. More crystals will be obtained by 
adding carbonate of sodium in excess, and 
again evaporating to crystallization. Keep 
in a well-stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. 

A mild purgative, in doses of four drachms 
to one ounce. 

R. Acid phosphate of calcium, at will. 
Add carbonate of sodium to saturation ; 
let settle, decant, evaporate, and crystallize. 

Guibourt. 



Compound Powder of Phosphate of 
Sodium. 

R. Phosphate of sodium, 

two drachms. 

Carbonate of sodium, one drachm. 

Fennel sugar, half an ounce. 

Mix. Two to three teaspoonfuls a day, to 
aid digestion. Berends. 



Mixture of Phosphate of Sodium. 
R. Phosphate of sodium, 

half an ounce. 
Decoction of carrageen, 

six fl. ounces. 

Syrup of orgeat, half an ounce. 

Mix. As a purgative. Radius. 

R. Phosphate of sodium, 
Syrup of marsh mallow, 

each, half an ounce. 

Water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. As a purgative. Augustin. 



SODII SULPHAS 

Sulphate of Sodium. 
(Glauber's Salt.) 



Powder of Sulphate of Sodium and 

Tartar Emetic. 
R. Sulphate of sodium, two ounces. 

Tartar emetic, 

Opium, each, one grain. 

Gum Arabic, 

Powdered liquorice, 

each, one drachm. 

Mix. To be taken in water in divided 
doses during the day, as a purgative and 
diuretic. Swediaur. 



Powder of Sulphate of Sodium and 
Nitre. 

R. Dried sulphate of sodium, 

eighteen drachms. 

Nitre, half a drachm. 

Tartar emetic, one grain. 

Mix. One-third, as a dose, in water or 
broth. Beasley. 



Powder of Sulphate of Sodium and 
Opium. 

R. Sulphate of sodium, four scruples. 

Powdered opium, two grains. 

Mix. In hemorrhages and inflammations, 

after bleeding. Radius. 



Compound Pills of Sulphate of 
Sodium. 

R. Sulphate of sodium, half a drachm. 
Bitter almonds, one drachm. 

Ipecacuanha, two grains. 

Extract of madder, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and make sixty pills. 
Three, morning and evening, in obstinate 
cutaneous affections. Foy. 

Electuary with Sulphate of Sodium. 
R. Dried sulphate of sodium, 

half an ounce. 

Pulp of tamarinds, one ounce. 

Syrup of lemon juice, sufficient. 
Mix. Two spoonfuls every hour, till it 
onerates. Phoebus. 



Compound Solution of Sulphate of 
Sodium. 

R. Sulphate of sodium, 

fourteen drachms. 
Acetate of potassium, 

twenty-four grains. 



SODII SULPHIDUM. — SODII SULPHURE TUM. 519 



Nitre, eigliteen grains. 

Tartar emetic, quarter of a grain. 

Water, two pints. 

Dissolve, and filter; in wineglassfuls, in 
habitual constipation. Soubeiran. 



Emulsion with Sulphate of Sodium. 
R. Sulphate of sodium, one ounce. 

Oil of almonds, one fl. ounce. 

Yolks of eggs, two. 

Syrup of manna, two fl. ounces. 

Fennel water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. Dose, two spoonfuls. Phoebus. 



Lemonade with Sulphate of Sodium. 
R. Sulphate of sodium, 

one ounce and a half. 

Lemon juice, half an ounce. 

Sugar, three ounces. 

"Water, sixteen fl. ounces. 

Mix. Radius. 



Clyster of Sulphate of Sodium. 
R. Sulphate of sodium, one ounce. 
Barley water, six fl. ounces. 

Dissolve, and add 

Oil of flaxseed, two ounces. 

Swediaur. 



Lotion of Sulphate of Sodium. 
R. Sulphate of sodium, six ounces. 

Soap, three drachms. 

Lime water, eighteen fl. ounces. 

Rectified spirit, six fl. drachms. 
Mix. In chronic cutaneous affections. 

Van Mons. 



Suppository of Sulphate of Sodium. 

R. Sulphate of sodium, 

Soap, each, half an ounce. 

Honey, sufficient. 

Mix, and make four suppositories. 

Phoebus. 



SODII SULPHIDUM 

Sulphide op Sodium. 

R. Solution of caustic soda, 
sp. gr. 1.33, 

Saturate with sulphuretted hydrogen gas, 
crystallize, keeping the liquid from contact 
with air, drain and preserve the colorless 
crystals. Paris Codex. 



at will. 



Sulphuretted Water. 
R. Sulphide of sodium, 
Chloride of sodium, 

each, two grains. 

Water, twenty-one fl. ounces. 

Deprive the water of air by boiling, make 
solution, and preserve in bottles. 

Paris Codex. 
Sold in France as artificial mineral 
water of Bareges, Saint Sauveur, etc. 



SODII SULPHIS. 

Sulphite of Sodium. 

It occurs in white efflorescent prismatic 
crystals, is soluble in four parts of cold and 
less than one part of boiling water ; it has 
a sulphurous taste and an alkaline reaction. 
It is purgative and is used in zymotic dis- 
eases. Its solution, locally applied to ulcers, 
acts as a stimulant to healthy action, se- 
dative and deodorizer. "When used inter- 
nally, acidulous drinks should be avoided. 
Dose, three to six drachms a day, dissolved 
in water. 



Solution of Sulphite of Sodium. 
R. Sulphite of sodium, one drachm. 
Water, . one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. As a mouth wash. Aitken. 



Lotion of Sulphite of Sodium. 
R. Sulphite of sodium, one drachm. 



Water, 



three drachms, 
one ounce. 



Glycerin, 

Dissolve and mix. In pruritus pudendi 
and svcosis. Frizell. 



SODII SULPHO-CARBOLAS. 

SULPHOCARBOLATE OF SODIUM. 

R. It is made by precipitating a solu- 
tion of sulpho-carbolate of cal- 
cium with a solution of sulphate 
or carbonate of sodium, filtering, 
evaporating, and crystallizing. 

Recommended by Dr. Samson as a means 
for introducing carbolic acid into the system 
without the disadvantages usually attend- 
ing its direct administration. Dose, ten to 
forty grains, dissolved in water. 



SODII SULPHURETUM. 

SULPHURET OF SODIUM. 

R. Sulphur, twenty parts. 

Carbonate of sodium, 



dried. 



twenty-seven parts. 



550 



SODII TAETEAS. — SOLIDAGO. 



Mix, heat in a matrass till melted ; on cool- 
ing, detach, and keep in a well-closed 
vessel. Cottereau. 



Bath with Sulphuret of Sodium. 

B. Sulphuret of sodium, ten ounces. 
Solution of common salt 
and gelatine, 

(see page 546), four fl. ounces. 

Mix with the water of the bath, at the 
moment the patient enters it. In chronic 



cutaneous affections. 



Cadet. 



Mixture of Sulphuret of Sodium and 
Sal Ammoniac. 

B. Sulphuret of sodium, one drachm. 
Chloride of ammonium, 

fifty grains. 

Dissolve each in six ounces of water, mix 
the solutions, after having filtered them. 
As a lotion in itch, etc. Van Mons. 



Lotion -with Sulphuret of Sodium. 

B. Sulphuret of sodium, 

three ounces. 

Soap, one ounce and a half. 

Dissolve in 

Alcohol, one pint. 

Add to the solution 

Lime water, eight pints. 

In tinea capitis ; the head to be washed 
with it every day, without removing the 
hair. 



Liniment of Sulphuret of Sodium. 

B. Sulphuret of sodium, 

four parts and a half. 
Sulphur, 
Oil of almonds, 

each, one part and a half. 

Lard, six parts and a half. 

Rub the powders with the lard, and grad- 
ually add the oil. As a lotion in chronic 
cutaneous diseases. Van Mons. 



Ointment of Sulphuret of Sodium. 

B. Sulphuret of sodium, 

three drachms. 
Lard, one ounce and a half. 

Hub well together. As an application in 
itch. Sivediaur. 



SODII TARTRAS 

Tartrate op Sodium. 



Effervescing Solution of Tartrate of 
Sodium. 

B. Tartaric acid, 

twenty-four troyounces. 
Bicarbonate of sodium, 

twenty-two troyounces. 
Sugar, sixty-four troyounces. 

Water, sufficient. 

Mix the bicarbonate with eight pints of 
water, and gradually add the acid ; when 
dissolved add the sugar and sufficient water 
to make the measure twenty-one pints and 
five fl. ounces. Put up in twelve ounce 
bottles, and just before corking add thirty 
grains of bicarbonate of sodium, rubbed up 
with one drop of oil of lemon. Used as a 
refrigerant purgative. J. L. Smith. 



SODII YALERIANAS. 

Valerianate op Sodium. 

B. Fusel oil, four fl. ounces (imp.). 
Bichromate of potassium, 

nine ounces (avoir.). 
Sulphuric acid, 

six fl. ounces and a half (imp.). 
Solution of soda, sufficient. 

Distilled water, 

half a gallon (imp.). 

Dilute the sulphuric acid with ten fl. ounces 
of water ; and dissolve the bichromate in 
the remainder of the water. When both 
solutions are cool, place them in a matrass, 
add the fusel oil, shake well together, until 
the temperature of the mixture falls to about 
90° F. Connect the matrass with a condenser, 
apply heat, and distil half a gallon. Satu- 
rate the distillate accurately with the caustic 
soda, remove the oil from the surface, and 
evaporate until watery vapor ceases to 
escape, and then raise the heat cautiously, 
so as to liquefy the salt. "When the product 
has cooled and solidified, break it into 
pieces, and immediately put it into a stop- 
pered bottle. Brit. Ph. 
The valerianate of sodium is rarely used in 
medicine; but it constitutes the source from 
which all the other valerianates are obtained 
by double decomposition. Dose, one to five 
grains. 



SOLIDAGO 

Golden Rod. 



Of the numerous species of this genus in- 
digenous to this country, one only, S. odora, 
lias been used in medicine. In Europe, the 
8, virgaurea is used. 



SPIGELIA. 



551 



Sex-. Syst. Syngen. Nat. Syst. Asteracese. 

It is a stnoothish herb, with linear-lance- 
olate leaves, which are entire and pellucid 
punctate, and paniculate racemes of golden- 
yellow flowers. The tops and leaves are 
officinal ; they have an agreeable anisate 
odor, and are used as an aromatic stimulant 
and carminative, in the form of infusion, 
made from one ounce to a pint of hot water. 
Dose of the infusion, a wineglassful. 



SPIGELIA. 

PlNKROOT. 

This is the root of the Spigeliamarilandica, 
a beautiful, herbaceous, perennial plant, a 
native of the southern and southwestern 
parts of the United States. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. mong. Nat. Syst. Lo- 
ganiacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 249. Griffith, Med. Bot. 466. 

The root consists of numerous small, 
blackish fibres, forming a dense bunch, and 
arising from a short rhizome. The odor is 
faint, and the taste sweetish, bitter, and 
unpleasant. It is a safe and tolerably certain 
anthelmintic, with slight purgative and nar- 
cotic properties. It is given in powder, in 
the dose of one to two drachms for an adult, 
ten to twenty grains for a child ; to be re- 
peated morning and evening, for a few days, 
and followed by an active purgative. 



Pinkroot with Calomel. 
R. Powdered pinkroot, ten grains. 



Calomel, 



four grains. 



Mix. To be taken two mornings in suc- 
cession ; and on the afternoon of the second 
day, followed by a purgative. For children 
above four years of age. Ellis. 



Pinkroot with avine. 

R. Powdered pinkroot, 

" senna, each, 

two scruples. 

" savine, twelve grains. 
Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
every morning, for three days, followed by 
a purgative. Ellis. 



Infusion of Pinkroot. 

R. Pinkroot, half a troyounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for two hours, in a covered vessel, 
and strain. U. S. Ph. 

Four fl. drachms to a fl. ounce to chil- 
dren, four to eight fl. ounces to adults, 
morning and evening, followed by a pur- 
gative. 



Compound Infusion of Pinkroot. 
(Worm Tea.) 

R. Pinkroot, half an ounce. 

Senna, two drachms. 

Manna, one ounce. 

Savine, two scruples. 

Fennel seed, two drachms. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse. Dose, one tablespoonful for a child 
two years old, three times a day. Ellis. 



R. Pinkroot, 

Bruised rhubarb, 

Senna, 

Semen contra, 

Manna, 

Coriander, 

Boiling water, 

Infuse. A small teacupful three times a 
day. Hays. 



one ounce. 

one drachm. 

two drachms. 

one drachm. 

two drachms. 

half a drachm. 

one quart. 



Fluid Extract of Pinkroot. 

R. Pinkroot, in powder, 

No. 60, sixteen tro jounces. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Glycerin, 
Water, each, four fl. ounces. 

Moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of 
the mixed liquids, pack in a percolator, add 
the remaining mixture, and macerate for 
four days ; then, with diluted alcohol dis- 
place twenty-six fl. ounces, reserving the 
first ten, add to the remainder four fluid- 
ounces of glycerin, evaporate to six fluid- 
ounces, and mix with the reserved portion. 

U. S. Ph. 



Compound Fluid Extract of Pinkroot. 

R. Bruised pinkroot, four ounces. 

Senna, three ounces. 

Savine, one drachm. 

Manna, one ounce. 

Sugar, eight ounces. 

Alcohol, half a pint. 

Boiling water, two pints. 

On the pinkroot, senna, and savine, pour 
the boiling water, and cover till cool. Then 
add the alcohol, and macerate for twenty- 
four hours ; transfer to a displacement 
apparatus, and, having displaced, evaporate 
the product, at a low heat, to twelve fluid- 
ounces, in which dissolve the manna and 
sugar, and evaporate to one pint. One fl. 
ounce contains the strength of two drachms 
of pinkroot and a drachm and a half of 
senna. Dose, for a child, a teaspoon ful. 

T. Estlack, 



552 



SPIIi^A. — SPONGrlA. 



Fluid Extract of Pinkroot and Senna. 

R. Fluid extract of spigelia, 

ten fl. ounces. 
" " senna, 

six fl. ounces. 
Oil of anise, 
" caraway, each, 

twenty minims. 

Mix thoroughly to dissolve the oils. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one fl. drachm to a child three 
years old. 



ounces of the nitric acid, and distil from a 
glass retort containing the copper at a tem- 
perature between 170° and 180°. When 
twelve fl. ounces have passed over, allow 
to cool, add the remaining nitric acid and 
distil as before, to make the entire distillate 
measure fifteen fl. ounces. Add to this 
forty fl. ounces of alcohol, or sufficient to 
make the specific gravity of the mixture 
0.845. Brit. Ph. 

Spirit of nitrous ether of U. S. Ph. is 
made by the same process, and is of one- 
half this strength. 

R. Alcohol, twelve parts. 

Nitric acid, ten parts. 

Distil ten parts, neutralize distillate with 
magnesia, and rectify. Ph. Germ. 



SPIK^EA. 

Hard hack. 

The U. S. Ph. indicates the root of 
Spircza tomentosd as officinal ; but this por- 
tion is less active than the leaves and 
flowers. It is a beautiful shrub, with spikes 
of rose-colored flowers, and leaves of a dark 
green color above and white beneath. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. pentagyn. Nat. Syst. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 701. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
280. 

The leaves and flowers are usually sold in 
packages ; they have an odor not unlike 
that of black tea, and a bitter, very astrin- 
gent taste. The Hardback is a tonic and 
astringent of considerable powers, and has 
the advantage of seldom being offensive to 
the stomach. 



Decoction of Hardhack. 

R. Hardhack, one ounce. 

Water, one pint and a half. 

Boil down to one pint. Dose, from one to 

two fl. ounces. Wood. 



Extract of Hardhack. 
R. Hardhack, at will. 

"Water, sufficient. 

Exhaust by the process of displacement, 
and evaporate the product by means of a 
water-oath to proper consistence. Dose, 
five grains to a scruple. Griffith. 



SPIRITUS JITHERIS 
NITROS1. 

Spirit op Nitrous Ether. 
Sweet Spirit of Nitre. 

R, Nitric acid, three fl. ounces. 

Sulphuric acid, two fl. ounces. 

Fine copper wire, two ounces. 

Rectified spirit, sufficient. 

To twenty fl. ounces of the spirit add the 
sulphuric acid, then two and a half fl. 



Mixture of Sweet Spirit of Nitre. 

R. Sweet spirit of nitre, 

one fl. drachm. 
Hoffmann's auodyne, 
Aromatic ammoniated 

alcohol, each, two fl. drachms. 
Mint-water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful occasionally. 

Brera. 



Mixture of Hyponitrous Ether. 
B. Powdered ipecacuanha, 

half a drachm. 

Boiling water, sufficient 

to obtain six ounces of infusion. Strain 
and add 

Spirit of nitrous ether, 

one fl. ounce. 
Extract of juniper berries, 

one ounce. 
Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful every two 
hours, in the dropsical swellings consecu- 
tive to scarlatina. Radius. 



SPONGIA. 

Sponge. 

Sponge is the horny skeletons of small 
polymorphous marine animals, found at- 
tached to submerged rocks in the sens of 
most warm climates. As found in the shops, 
it is in the form of a light, porous mass, of 
a yellowish-brown color, and very elastic, 
and readily imbibing fluids. 

If is used for the purpose of cleansing the 
surface's of wounds and ulcers, and, in a 
oom pressed state, to form tents to dilate 
sinuses, etc. When burnt, or reduced to 
charcoal, it. has been given successfully in 
some diseases ; probably owing its efficacy 
to the presence of iodine. 



STAN3STUM. — STANNI OXIDXJM. 



553 



Burnt Sponge. 



R. Sponge, 



at will. 



Cut in pieces, separate any extraneous 
matters by beatiug, then burn in a closed 
iron vessel till it becomes black and friable, 
aud rub into a fine powder. U. S. Ph. 

Used in goitre, glandular swellings of a 
scrofulous nature, etc. ; in doses of one to 
three drachms. 



Powder of Burnt Sponge. 

R. Burnt sponge, ten grains. 

Powdered rhubarb, four grains. 

Mix. To be taken morning and evening. 
In scrofula. Hulse. 



Compound Powder of Burnt Sponge. 

R. Burnt sponge, six drachms. 

Powdered cinnamon, 
" ginger, 

each, one drachm. 
Sulphate of potassium, 

two drachms. 



Sugar 



five drachms. 



Mix. Greek Ph. 

Dose, a teaspoonful three times a day, 
in scrofula. 



R. Burnt sponge, 
Carbonate of 

magnesium, 
Nitre, 
White sugar, 



Rub into powder. Dose, as above. Clarus. 



four drachms. 

each, 

two drachms. 



Bolus of Burnt Sponge. 

R. Burnt sponge, one scruple. 

Sulphate of potassium, 

fifteen grains. 
Balsam of sul- 
phur (Lond. Ph.), ten drops. 
Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and form two boluses. One, morning 
and evening, in scrofula. Cadet. 



Electuary of Burnt Sponge. 

R. Burnt sponge, half an ounce, 

Syrup of orange- 
peel, one ounce and a half. 

Mix. Two to four spoonfuls a day, in 
goitre, etc. Radius. 



ST ANNUM, 
Tin. 



Powder of Tin. 

R. Tin, at will. 

Melt in an iron vessel, and, while cooling, 
stir till reduced to powder, which is then 
to be sifted. U. S. Ph. 1850. 

As an anthelmintic, in doses of half an 
ounce, mixed with syrup or molasses, for 
several mornings, followed by an active 
purgative. 



R 



Electuary of Tin. 

Powder of tin, one ounce. 

Extract of wormwood, 
Powdered jalap, each, one drachm. 
Compound syrup of 

chicory, sufficient. 

Mix. To be taken in twelve doses. Foy. 



R 



Ointment of 

Amalgam of tin, 
Rose ointment, 
Red precipitate, 
Oil of peppermint, 

Rub well together. Said 

hemorrhoids. 



Tin. 

half an ounce, 
one ounce, 
two drachms, 
twenty drops, 
to be useful in 
Brera. 



STAN N I CHLORIDUM. 

Chloride of Tin. 

R. Tin, at will. 

Muriatic acid, sufficient. 

Dissolve, and crystallize. Van Mons, 

Used as an antispasmodic and a vermi- 
fuge. Dose, one-eighth to one-half of a 
grain. 



Lotion of Chloride of Tin. 

R. Chloride of tin, one to six grains. 

Distilled water, six ounces. 

Dissolve. In cutaneous diseases of a chronic 

and obstinate character. Schlessinger. 



STANNI OXIDUM. 

Oxide of Tin. 
R. Tin, at will. 

Keep it melted in an open vessel, constantly 
stirring, till it is reduced into a gray pow- 
der, and sift. Sicediaur. 
Has been recommended in tapeworm, in 
doses of rive or six grains, several times a 
day. 



554 



STANDI SULPHUEETUM. — STILLINGIA, 



STAXNI SULPHURETUM. 

SULPHURET OF TlN. 



R. 



Tin, 
Sulphur, 



three parts, 
one part. 



Heat in a crucible, as long as a flame arises ; 
then cool, and pulverize. As a vermifuge, 
in doses of ten to twenty grains. 

Van Mons. 



Compound Powder of Sulphuret of 
Tin. 

R. Sulphuret of tin, four parts. 

Powdered jalap, two parts. 

Assafetida, one part. 

Mix. Twelve to twenty grains three times 
a day, as a vermifuge. Port. Ph. 



Aurum Musivum. 

(Mosaic Gold.) 

R. Tin, twelve parts. 

Melt at a low heat in an earthen crucible ; 

add 

Mercury, six parts, 

to make an amalgam ; add 

Sulphur, seven parts. 

Sal ammoniac, six parts. 

Rub well together, introduce into a mat- 
rass, and heat moderately until sulphur- 
etted hydrogen ceases to be given off. 
When cold, separate and preserve the 
upper yellow layer of the product. 

Dorvault. 
Employed under the name of bronze 
powder for ornamental work. It was for- 
merly used as a vermifuge. 



STAPIIISAGRIA. 

Stavesacre. 

The seeds of Delphinium staphisagria, a 
beautiful annual plant, with terminal ra- 
cemes of blue flowers ; a native of the south 
of Europe. 

Sex. Sy8t. Polyand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Pa- 
nunculacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 750. Lindley, Med. Flor. 9. 

The seeds are Large, somewhat triangular, 
of a brown color, ;i slight, but unpleasant 
odor, ;uid an acrid, bitter, nauseous t;iste. 
Tbeir active principle, delphinia, is occa- 
sionally employed. They are principally 
used to destroy lice In the hair, but also for 
other purposes. 



Decoction of Stavesacre. 



K. Stavesacre, 

Water, 



one on nee. 
one pint and a half. 



Boil down to 
lotion in itch. 



a pint, and 



strain. As a 
Swedtaur. 



Vinegar of Stavesacre. 

R. Stavesaere, one part. 

Vinegar, sixteen parts. 

Macerate and express. As a wash to de- 
stroy vermin in the hair. Biral. 



Ointment of Stavesacre. 

R. Stavesacre, powdered, one part. 
Lard, three parts. 

Mix thoroughly. To destroy lice. 

Guibourt. 



Compound Ointment of Stavesacre. 

R. Powdered stavesacre, "1 

Sulphur, I each, 

Vinegar, | one part. 

Honey, J 

Olive oil, two parts. 

Mix. To destroy lice and nits. 

Dorvault. 



STATICE. 

Marsh Rosemary. 

The root of the Statice Caroliniana is occa- 
sionally employed in medicine. This little 
plant is indigenous in the United States, 
growing in salt marshes near the sea coast. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. pentagyn. Nat. Syst. 
PI umbaginaceae. 

Nuttall, Gen. i. 206. Griffith, Med. Bot, 
525. 

Marsh rosemary is a powerful astringent, 
and is much nsed in the New England States, 
in the treatment of diarrhoeas, aphthous 
and ulcerative affections of the mouth and 
fauces, and in other cases requiring the use 
of astringents. Dose, ten to thirty grains. 



R 



Decoction of Marsh Rosemary. 

Root of marsh rosemary, 
bruised, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Boil for fifteen minutes, and strain. Dose, 
a wineglassful. 



STILLINGIA 

Queen's Root. 



The root of Stillingia sylvatica is the part 
used. The Queen's root, or Queen's delight, 
;is It is often termed, attains a height of two 
or three feet. It is found in the pine bar- 
rens of the Middle States. 



STRAMONIUM. 



555 



Sex. Syst. Monoec. monad. Nat. Syst. Eu- 
phorbiaceai. 

Willd. Sp. PL iv. 588. 

In large doses (twenty to thirty grains), 
it is emetic and cathartic ; in doses of three 
to five grains, it is an alterative. 



Glycerin, 
Alcohol, 
Water, 



Fluid Extract of Stillingia. 
R. Stillingia, in powder, 

No. 60, sixteen troyounces. 

three fl. ounces, 
twelve fl. ounces, 
one fl. ounce. 
Moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of 
the mixed liquids, pack firmly in a perco- 
lator, add the remaining mixture, and ma- 
cerate for four days. Then, with diluted 
alcohol, displace twenty-four fl. ounces, 
reserving the first fourteen, add to the re- 
mainder one fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate 
to two fl. ounces, and mix with reserved 
portion. U. S. Ph. 



Decoction of Queen's Root. 

R. Bruised Queen's root, one ounce. 

Boiling water, twenty fl. ounces. 

Boil down to a pint, and strain. Dose, one 

or two fl. ounces. G. B. Wood. 



STRAMONIUM. 

Stramonium. 
Thorn-apple. — Jamestown Weed. 

Several parts of the Datvra stramonium 
are used in medicine, as the root, leaves, 
and seeds. It is an annual herbaceous 
plant, found in the United States, having a 
rank, fetid odor, and bearing large, funnel- 
shaped, white flowers. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Solanaceae. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 255. Griffith, Med. Bot. 490. 

The leaves have a fetid, narcotic odor, 
and a bitter, nauseous taste ; the odor is 
lost on drying, but the taste remains. The 
seeds are small, reniform, of a brownish- 
black color, inodorous, of a bitter, some- 
what acrid taste. Stramonium is a power- 
ful narcotic, and is much used in a variety 
of affections, both internally and externally. 
The dose of the powdered leaves is from two 
to three grains, of the seeds about a grain. 



Pills of Stramonium Seed. 
R. Powdered stramonium 

seed, ten grains. 

44 camphor, one drachm. 

savine, five scruples. 

Extract of seneka, four scruples. 

Mix, and make pills of two grains. Dose, 

six, three times a day. In rheumatism. 

Vogt. 



Compound Stramonium Pills. 
R. Extract of stramonium, 

one drachm. 
Soap, two drachms. 

Powdered gum Arabic, 

one scruple. 

14 liquorice, two scruples. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 

Make mass, and divide into sixty pills. 

One, night and morning, in asthma. 

Halford. 

Extract of Stramonium Seed. 
R. Stramonium seed, in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troyounces. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of 
the alcohol, then introduce into a percola- 
tor, add twelve fl. ounces of diluted alcohol, 
macerate for four days, and exhaust by 
means of diluted alcohol. Distil the filtered 
liquor, and evaporate the residue to a pro- 
per consistence. U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. directs the seeds to be freed 
from fixed oil, previous to being exhausted 
by diluted alcohol. Parts Codex prepares 
with sixty per cent, alcohol, an extract 
which is to be dissolved in four times its 
weight of cold water, the solution filtered, 
and evaporated. 

Dose, a quarter to half a grain twice a 
day, gradually increasing. 



Extract of Stramonium Leaves. 
R. Stramonium leaves, 
recently dried, and 
in powder, No. 60, sixteeen 

troyounces. 
Alcohol, one pint. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Exhaust the powder, using first the alco- 
hol, afterwards diluted alcohol ; evaporate 
the first pint of tincture spontaneously to 
three fl. ounces, and the remainder, by 
means of a water-bath, to the consistence 
of a syrup. Mix the liquids, and evapo- 
rate at or below 120° to an extract. 

U. S. Ph. 
Used like the next. 



Inspissated Juice of Stramonium 
Leaves. 

R. Stramonium leaves, twenty parts. 

Bruise in a stone mortar, with a little 
water. Express, and heat the juice to 
near the boiling point ; strain, evaporate 
to two parts, and mix with an equal weight 
of alcohol. After twenty-four hours ex- 



556 



STRAMONIUM, 



press and wash the precipitate with diluted 
alcohol, and evaporate the filtrate to the 
proper consistence. Ph. Germ. 

Paris Codex directs to evaporate the 
juice to one-third, cool, strain after twelve 
hours, and evaporate to an extract. 

Dose, one grain twice a day, gradually 
increasing till it produces its effects. 



Mixture of Extract of Stramonium 
Seed. 

R. Extract of stramonium 

seed, twelve grains. 

Antimonial wine, half a fl. ounce. 
Dissolve. Ten drops every three hours, in 
an infusion of balm, as an antispasmodic. 

Hufeland. 



Anti-rheumatic Lotion. 
R. Stramonium seed, 

bruised, one ounce. 

Alcohol, one pint. 

Infuse, strain, and add 

Opium, in powder, one ounce. 
Camphorated alcohol, 

two fl. ounces. 
Mix. In frictions to the diseased part. 

Pierquin. 



Syrup of Stramonium. 
R. Sugar, fifteen ounces. 

Tincture of stramonium, 

two fl. ounces. 

Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. 

Mix, and form syrup without heat, and 

strain. B6ral. 

R. Stramonium seed, 

bruised, one ounce. 

Vinegar, one pound. 

Infuse for two days, strain, and add 

Sugar, two pounds. 

Dissolve. Wirt. Ph. 



Tincture of Stramonium Seed. 
R. Stramonium seed, in powder, 

No. 50, four troyounces. 

Diluted alcohol, siillicicut. 

Obtain by percolation two pints. U.S. Ph. 
The tincture of Brit. Ph. is of nearly the 
Bame Btrength ; that of Ph. Genu, is about 
one-third weaker in stramonium seeds, but 
is made with alcohol sp. gr. 0.892. 

Dose, from twenty to forty drops. 1 wo or 

three limes a day, increasing till it affects 
the system, 



Tincture of Stramonium Leaves. 
R. Filtered juice of stramonium 
leaves, 
Alcohol (.841), equal parts. 

Mix, and filter at the end of twenty-four 
hours. B&ral. 



Ethereal Tincture of Stramonium. 

R. Stramonium seed, one part. 

Sulphuric ether, four parts. 

Macerate for a week, and filter. Dose, 

two to three drops. Soubeiran. 



Wine of Stramonium. 
R. Stramonium seed, 

bruised, two ounces. 

Wine, eight fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 

Macerate for some days, and filter. Dose, 

six drops to a fl. scruple. Van Mons. 






Ointment of Stramonium. 
R. Fresh stramonium leaves, 

one pound. 
Lard, three pounds. 

Wax, half a pound. 

Boil the leaves in the lard till they become 
crisp, then strain through linen ; after- 
wards add the wax, previouslv melted, and 
stir till cold. U. S. Ph. 1840. 

R. Extract of stramonium, 

one drachm. 
Water, half a fl. drachm. 

Lard, seven drachms. 

Rub the extract with the water, and then 
with the lard. U. S. Ph. 

A valuable anodyne application to pain- 
ful hemorrhoids, and tumors. 



each, two 
ounces. 



Compound Ointment of Stramonium 
R. Bark of the root of 
bittersweet, 
Stramonium leaves, 
Hemlock leaves, 
Deadly nightshade 

leaves, 
Yellow dock root, 

Bruise the roots and leaves, and simmer 
them in spirit ; then add 

Lard, one pound, 

and simmer gently till the leaves are 
crisped. Express through linen, and add 

Venice turpentine, two ounces. 



STRYCHNIA 



557 



Stir well together. A useful application 
to indolent and glandular swellings. 

Eel. Med. Jour. 



Oleo -infusion of Stramonium. 
R. Fresh stramonium leaves, 

one part. 

Olive oil, two parts. 

Heat till all moisture is driven off, then 
express and filter. Paris Codex. 



each, 



STRYCHNIA. 

Strychnine. — Strychnia. 

R. Nux vomica, rasped, 

forty-eight ounces. 

Powdered lime, six ounces. 

Muriatic acid, 

three fl. ounces and a half. 

Alcohol, 

Diluted sulphuric 

acid, 

Solution of ammonia, V ca, ^\ , 
r» .« -. n { sufficient 

Purified animal 

charcoal, 

Water, 

Digest the mix vomica in two gallons of 
water, acidulated with one-third of the mu- 
riatic acid, for twenty-four hours ; boil for 
two hours, express, and strain through 
linen. Boil residue twice successively, in 
the same quantity of acidulated water, and 
proceed as before. Mix the decoctions, and 
evaporate to consistence of thin syrup ; add 
lime, previously mixed with a pint of water, 
and boil for ten minutes, often stirring. 
Pour mixture into a double linen bag, and 
wash well with water ; press, dry, and 
powder the precipitate. Treat the powder 
repeatedly with boiling alcohol, till it loses 
its bitterness ; mix the solutions, and distil 
off the alcohol in a water-bath. Mix the 
residue with water, apply heat, and drop in 
sufficient diluted sulphuric acid to dissolve 
the strychnia ; treat with animal charcoal 
at boiling temperature ; filter, evaporate, 
and crystallize. Dissolve the crystals in 
water, and add solution of ammonia to pre- 
cipitate the strychnia. Dry the strychnia 
on bibulous paper. U. 8. Ph. 

R. Powdered nux vomica, 

nine pounds. 

Water, 

Sulphuric acid, each, sufficient. 

Powdered quicklime, ten ounces. 

Alcohol, fifteen pints. 

Mix the nux vomica with sufficipnt water 
to form a thin paste, and keep ;u the tem- 
perature of 70 or 80°, until gas ceases to 
form ; express, and boil the residue in sev- 
eral successive portions of water, and ex- i 



press. Set liquid aside to deposit; decant, 
and evaporate to three gallons. Add nine 
ounces of quicklime, and after six hours' 
contact, express strongly ; heat the liquid 
to the boiling point, and add a slight excess 
of sulphuric acid ; separate the liquid by 
decantation, and evaporate to four pints ; 
add one ounce of quicklime, and act as be- 
fore, adding this precipitate to the former ; 
dry, and powder ; digest in five pints of 
alcohol diluted with five pints of water, at 
a gentle heat ; separate precipitate, and boil 
in five pints of alcohol twice ; mix, and 
filter solutions ; distil off four-fifths, and set 
aside to crystallize. Molyn. 

Very active and dangerous. Dose, one- 
sixteenth to one-tenth of a grain, at first, 
carefully watching the effects, and slowly 
increasing. 



Compound Powder of Strychnia. 

R. Stiychnia, one grain. 

Black oxide of iron, ) , 

o ' ! each, one 

Gum Arabic, ) 

Kub well together, and divide into twelve 
powders. Brera. 



Pills of Strychnia. 
R. Stiychnia, two grains. 

Conserve of roses, 

thirty-six grains. 
Mix, and make twenty-four pills. One or 
two, morning and evening, in paralysis. 

Magendie. 

R. Stiychnia, two grains. 

Extract of valerian, sufficient. 
Mix well, and make thirty-two pills. One, 
early in the morning, for five days ; then 
one, morning and evening, in amaurosis. 

Furnari. 



Stimulant Pills. 
R. Strychnia, one grain. 

Acetic acid, one minim. 

Crumb of bread, one scruple. 

Mix thoroughly, and make ten pills. One 
to be taken every six hours, in the paral- 
ysis arising from lead. A. T. Thomson. 



Tincture of Strychnia. 

R. Strychnia, three grains. 

Alcohol (.842), one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. Dose, from six to twenty-four 

drops, twice a day. Magendie. 



Mixture of Strychnia. 
R. Stiychnia, 

Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 



558 STRYCHNINE ACETAS.- STRYCHNINE IODAS. 



White sugar, two drachms. 

Acetic acid, three drops. 

Mix. One fl. drachm contains one-sixteenth 
of a grain of strychnia. Beasley. 



Elixir of Pyrophosphate of Iron, 
Quinia, and Strychnia. 

R. Sulphate of quinia, sixty grains. 

Strychnia, one grain. 

Citric acid, five grains. 

Triturate together, and add 

Stronger alcohol, three fl. ounces. 

Spirit of orange, eight minims. 

Syrup (heated to 150°), 

six fl. ounces. 
Stir until quite clear, and add solution of 

Pyrophosphate of iron, 

four drachms. 

Water, seven fl. ounces. 

Finally neutralize carefully with water of 
ammonia. A tablespoonful contains ^ 
grain of strychnia. C. L. Diehl. 



Elixir of Iron, Pepsin, Bismuth, and 
Strychnia. 

R. Ammonio-citrate of iron, 

" " bismuth, 

Pepsin (Scheffer's formula), 

each, two hundred 

and fifty-six grains. 

Strychnia, two grains. 

Oil of anise, ) , 

ii' ' eacn. 

" cinnamon, y ' -. 
« fennel, \ two drops. 

Tinct. fresh orange-peel, 

one fl. ounce. 
Rose water, 

Water, each, six fl. ounces. 

Sugar, four and a half troyounces. 
Dissolve and mix. Maryland Coll. Ph. 
A teaspoon i'ul contains ^ grain of strych- 
nia. 



Elixir of Iron and Strychnia. 

R. Ammonio-citrate of iron, one 

hundred and twenty-eight grs. 

Strychnia, one grain. 

Citric acid, five grains. 

Distilled water, half a fl. ounce. 

Simple elixir, fifteen and a half 

fl. ounces. 

Dissolve and mix. Maryland Coll. Ph. 

A tablespoonful contains 3 ' z grain of 

strychnia. 



Ointment of Strychnia. 

R. Strychnia, sixteen grains. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Rub well together. As a friction on para- 
lyzed parts. Sandras. 



Strychnia Collyrium. 
R. Strychnia, two grains. 

Diluted acetic acid, one drachm. 

Distilled water, one ounce. 

Mix. A few drops of this applied to the 
eye, several times a day, is stated to be 
beneficial in amaurosis. Henderson. 



Liniment of Strychnia. 

R. Strychnia, thirty grains. 

Olive oil, one ounce and a half. 
Rub well together. Ten drops to be 
rubbed on the temples, in amaurosis. 

Neligan. 



STRYCHNIA ACETAS. 

Acetate of Strychnia. 
R. Strychnia, at will. 



Acetic acid, 



sufficient 



to dissolve ; evaporate and crystallize. 

Griffith. 



Solution of Acetate of Strychnia. 

R. Acetate of strychnia, three grains. 

Alcohol, one fl. drachm. 

Cinnamon water, seven fl. drachms. 
Dissolve. Five drops twice a day. 

Radius. 

R. Strychnia, one grain. 

Distilled vinegar, one fl. drachm. 

" water, nine fl. drachms. 

Mix. Dose, one fl. drachm ; containing 

one-tenth of a grain. A. T. Thomson. 



Tincture of Acetate of Strychnia. 
R. Acetate of strychnia, 

one grain and a half. 
Alcohol, half a fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. Five to twenty drops, twice a 
day, in syphilitic pains in the bones. 

Fricke. 



STRYCHNINE IODAS. 
Iodate of Strychnia. 

at will. 



R. Strychnia, 
Iodic acid, 



sufficient 



STRYCHNIA MITRIAS. — STYRAX. 



559 



to saturate; dissolve in boiling alcohol, fil- 
ter, and crystallize. Magendie. 

R. Solution of muriate of 

strychnia, at will. 

Solution of iodate of sodium, 

sufficient 

to precipitate ; treat as the last. Jourdan. 
Dose, one-eighth of a grain, in pill. One, 
morning and evening, gradually increasing. 
In paraplegia. 



Dissolve. Ten minims contain ^ grain of 
strychnia. Maryland Coll. Ph. 



STRYCHNIA MURIAS. 
Muriate of Strychnia. 
R. Strychnia, at will. 

Muriatic acid, sufficient 

to saturate ; evaporate and crystallize. 



Dose, one-eighth of a grain. 



Cottereau. 



Solution of Strychnia. 
R. Crystallized strychnia, four grs. 
Diluted muriatic acid, six minims. 
Rectified spirit, two fl. .drachms. 
Distilled water, six fl. drachms. 

Dissolve the strychnia, with the aid of heat, 
in the acid previously diluted with one-half 
the water, and add the remaining liquids. 
Dose, five to ten minims. Brit. Ph. 



STRYCHNIA NITRAS. 

Nitrate of Strychnia. 

R. Strychnia, at will. 

Nitric acid, sufficient 

to saturate, with the aid of heat ; filter, 

while hot, evaporate, and crystallize. 

Giordano. 
This is as active as strychnia, and is used 
in similar cases. Dose, one-eighth of a 
grain. 



STRYCHNINE SULPHAS, 

Sulphate of Strychnia. 

R. Strychnia, one troy ounce. 

Diluted sulphuric acid, sufficient. 
"Water, a pint. 

Heat gently the strychnia with the water, 
drop in the acid (about nine fl. drachms) 
until neutralized and dissolved ; filter and 
crystallize. U. S. Ph. 



Hypodermic Injection of Strychnia. 
R. Sulphate of strychnia, two grains. 
Distilled water, two drachms. 

Dissolve. Dose, one to five and even ten 
minims, in paralysis and neuralgia. 

Euleriburg. 



Syrup of Sulphate of Strychnia. 

R. Sulphate of strychnia, five grains. 

Water, four hundred grains. 

Syrup, forty-one troyounces. 

Dissolve the sulphate in the water and mix 

with the syrup. 

Each fl. ounce contains nearly one-sixth 
of a grain of the sulphate. Paris Codex. 



Ointment of Nitrate of Strychnia. 

R . Nitrate of strychnia, 

one grain and a half. 

Lard, two drachms. 

Rub well together. Used as a friction on 

paralyzed parts. Wendt. 



STRYCHNIA PHOSPHAS. 

Phosphate of Strychnia. 



Solution of Phosphate of Strychnia. 
R. Strychnia, two grains. 

Dilute phosphoric acid, 

one fl. ounce. 



STYRAX. 

Storax 



Is the balsam obtained from Liquidambar 
orientate, a tree indigenous to the Levant. 
It is obtained by steaming the bruised bark, 
and then expressing it. It was formerly 
obtained from S'tyrax officinale. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. Polyand. Nat. Syst. 
Balsamifluae. 

Several kinds of Storax are employed ; 
that in grains, in mass, in calamita, and the 
liquid. It has a fragrant odor, and a warm, 
aromatic taste. It is a stimulating expecto- 
rant. Dose, ten to twenty grains, twice a 
day. 



Purified Storax. 
R. Storax, 

Alcohol, each, sufficient. 

Dissolve, and strain ; distil off the alcohol 
by a gentle heat, till the storax is of pro- 
per consistence. TJ. S. Ph. 1850. 

Compound Pills of Storax. 

R. Purified storax, three drachms. 
Powdered opium, 
Saffron, each, one drachm. 



5G0 



SUCCINUM 



Beat together. Five grains contain one 
of opium. Lond. Ph. 



Syrup of Storax. 

R. Purified storax, three ounces. 

Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 

Water, one pint. 

Digest for twelve hours on a water-bath, 
and add 

Sugar, two pounds. 

Orange-flower water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Giordano. 



Ointment of Storax. 
R. Liquid storax, ) 

Yellow wax, V each, ten parts. 
Elemi, ) 

Resin, eighteen parts. 

Olive oil, fifteen parts. 

Fuse the wax, elemi, and resin at a mode- 
rate heat, remove from the fire, stir in the 
storax, and afterwards the oil, strain and 
agitate until it becomes cool. 

Paris Codex. 
Used as a stimulant for indolent ulcers. 



Ointment of Storax and Turpentine. 

R. Turpentine ointment, 
Purified liquid storax, 

equal parts. 
Mix. Digestif animi of the French. 

Paris Codex. 



SUC CI NUM. 

Amber. 

This is a solid body, of various shades of 
yellow ; it is translucent or opaque, and of a 
vitreous fracture; brittle, tasteless, inodor- 
ous, except when heated ; then exhaling a 
peculiar, penetrating, but rather agreeable 
smell. It is a resin found in a fossil state, 
in various parts of the world. Not much 
used in medicine, but extensively employed 
in the arts. 



Fumigating Powder. 
R. Am her, "} 

Mas tich, >■ each , four parts. 

Juniper berries, ) 

Cascarilla, one part. 

Powder, and mix. Scherf. 



Oil of Amber. 
U. Powdered amber, at will. 

Mix, with an equal weight of sand, in a 
retort, which is to bo only half filled. 



Then distil on a sand-bath, gradually in- 
creasing the heat. Separate the oil from 
product, and keep in well-closed bottles. 

U. S. Ph. 



Rectified Oil of Amber. 

R. Oil of amber, one pint. 

Water, six pints. 

Mix in a glass retort ; distil till four pints 
of water, with the oil, have passed over ; 
then separate the oil, and keep it in well- 
stopped bottles. U. S. Ph. 
Stimulant and antispasmodic ; in doses 
of five to fifteen drops ; also used externally. 



Artificial Musk. 
R. Oil of amber, one part. 

Add gradually 

Nitric acid, two parts. 

Let react for twenty-four hours, and wash 
in cold water. Van Mons. 

R. Strong nitric acid, three drachms 

and a half. 
Add very gradually to 

Rectified oil of amber, one drachm, 

in a large glass vessel. When action has 
ceased, permit to rest for twenty-four hours ; 
then remove the upper or resinous portion, 
and wash it well in cold and then in hot 
water, till all acid is removed. Williams. 
Used in those cases in which musk is ap- 
plicable. 



Tincture of Artificial Musk. 
R. Artificial musk, one part. 

Alcohol, eight parts. 

Dissolve with a gentle heat. 

Forty drops as an antispasmodic. Useful 
in doses of five or six drops, in hooping- 
cough in children. Van Mons. 

R. Artificial musk, two drachms. 
Alcohol, eight ounces. 

Dissolve, and filter. Dose, from twenty- 
five drops to a drachm, according to age. 

Williams. 



Emulsion of Artificial Musk. 
R. Artificial musk, twelve grains. 
Blanched almonds, four. 

Triturate well together, and gradually add 
Water, six fl. ounces. 

Dose, for a child of two years, two tea- 
spoonfuls. Valuable in hooping-cough. 

Huf eland. 



SULPHUR 



Liniment of Oil of Amber. 

R. Oil of amber, two fl. drachms. 

" olives, half fl. ounce. 

Laudanum, two fl. drachms. 

Brandy, three fl. ounces. 

Mix. To be rubbed between the shoulders, 

in hooping-cough and infantile convulsions. 

Parrish. 

R. Oil of amber, 

" cloves, each, half an ounce. 

" olives, one ounce. 

Mix. Beasley. 

R. Oil of amber, one drachm. 

Expressed oil of nutmeg, 

two drachms. 
Mix. As a friction in hysteria and head- 
ache. 



Tincture of Amber. 
R. Powdered amber, one ounce. 

Alcohol, fifteen ounces. 

Digest for six days, and filter. 

Paris Codex 1837. 
Dose, forty to sixty drops. 



Ethereal Tincture of Amber. 

R. Oil of amber, one part. 

Sulphuric ether, fifteen parts. 

Mix. Dose, fifteen to thirty drops. B6ral. 



Alkaline Tincture of Amber. 
R. Powdered amber, two ounces. 
Solution of carbonate of 

potassium, half an ounce. 

Diluted alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Digest for some days, and filter. Dose, 

twenty to forty drops. Spielmann. 



each, one 

drachm. 



Oil of Amber and Copaiba. 
R. Balsam copaiba, 
Oil of turpentine. 
" amber, 

Mix. Dose, thirty to sixty drops, thrice 
daily, to be followed by half a wineglassful 
of claret. In leucorrhcea. Known in Austria 
as French balsamic elixir. 



Balsam of Amber. 
R. Tincture of amber, two fl. ounces. 
" myrrh, one fl. ounce. 

Oil of turpentine, half fl. ounce. 
Mix. As an antispasmodic friction. 

Radius. 
36 



R. Powdered amber, 

Oil of turpentine, 

Digest at a gentle heat. 



5(31 

one ounce. 

two ounces. 

Bate. 



Eau de Luce. 

R. Oil of amber, two drachms. 

White soap, 

Balsam of Mecca, 

each, fifteen grains. 

Rectified spirit, six ounces. 

Macerate for eight days, and filter. To 
one fl. drachm of this, add two fl. ounces 
of water of ammonia. Used in the treat- 
ment of snake-bites, as an antispasmodic, 
etc. Redwood. 



R 



Mixture of Oil of Amber. 

Rectified oil of 

amber, eighty drops. 
Gum Arabic, 

Sugar, each, half an ounce. 

Tincture of tolu, two fl. drachms. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two or three 
hours, in spasmodic cough. Ellis. 



SULPHUR, 

Sulphur. 



Three officinal forms of sulphur are ad- 
mitted in the pharmacopoeia, viz., Sublimed 
Sulphur, Washed Sulphur, and Precipitated 
Sulphur. 



Sublimed Sulphur. 

R. Sulphur, at will. 

Heat at a temperature of 500° to 600° F., 
in an earthen vessel, and condense the 
fumes in a large receiver. 



Washed Sulphur. 
R. Sublimed sulphur, twelve parts. 
Distilled water, eight parts. 

Water of ammonia, one part. 

Mix together, macerate for three days, 
transfer to a strainer, wash well with water, 
and dry. Ph. Germ. 

Other pharmacopoeias wash with water 
only as long as any acid reaction may be 
observed. 



Precipitated Sulphur. 
R. Sublimed sulphur, 

twelve troyounces. 
Lime, eighteen tro3 T ounces. 

Water, two gallons. 

Muriatic acid, sufficient. 



562 



SULPHUR. 



Slake the lime with a little water, mix i( 
with the sulphur, add the rest of the water, 
boil for two hours, occasionally adding 
water, and filter. Dilute the liquid with 
an equal bulk of water, and add sufficient 
muriatic acid to precipitate the sulphur. 
Wash the precipitate till the washings are 
tasteless, and dry it. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, one drachm. 



Powder of Sulphur and Camphor. 
R. Washed sulphur, 

Sugar, each, half a drachm. 

Camphor, six grains. 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
every hour, in mercurial cachexy. Radius. 



Powder of Sulphur and Liquorice. 
R. Sulphur, one drachm. 

Powdered fennel seed, 

two drachms. 
" liquorice, four drachms. 
Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in ca- 
tarrh. Phoebus. 



Powder of Sulphur and Orris Root. 

R. Washed sulphur, 

eight to eighteen grains. 
Sugar of milk, one scruple. 

Powdered orris 

root, one to three drachms. 

Mix, and divide into eight powders. One, 
every two hours, in milk, in the catarrh of 
children. Kopp. 



Compound Powder of Sulphur. 

R. Sulphur, one ounce. 

Powdered fennel, one drachm. 

" gum Arabic, 

u sugar, each, two ounces. 

Mix. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm, in 

dysentery. Van Mons. 

R. Sulphur, two drachms. 

Cream of tartar, six drachms. 

Powdered fennel, one drachm. 

" sugar, half an ounce. 

Mix. A spoonful two or three times a 
day, as a laxative, in constipation. 

Radius. 

R. Sublimed sulphur, 

one drachm and a half. 
Brown sugar, 

Cream of tartar, each, twodrachms. 
Mix, and make a powder. To be taken 
twice a day, in itch, impetigo, or acne. 

A inslie. 



Powder of Sulphur and Cream of 
Tartar. 

R. Sublimed sulphur, half an ounce. 
Cream of tartar, one ounce. 

Mix with molasses. A teaspoonful four or 
five times a day, to children, in cutaneous 
affections. Ellis. 



Powder of Sulphur and Magnesia. 
R. Precipitated sulphur, 

Magnesia, each, half an ounce. 
Mix. A teaspoonful four or five times a 
day, as an aperient. Ellis. 



Powder of Sulphur and Antimony. 

R. Washed sulphur, two drachms. 
Golden sulphuret of antimony, 
Camphor, each, eight grains. 

Sugar, two scruples. 

Mix, and make a powder. Huf eland. 

As a diaphoretic. 



Sulphur Electuary. 
R. Sublimed sulphur, four ounces. 
Cream of tartar, one ounce. 

Syrup of orange-peel, 

four fl. ounces. 

Rub well together. Dose, two drachms as 
a laxative. Brit. Ph. 

R. Precipitated sulphur, 

one drachm and a half. 

Orange marmalade, half an ounce. 

Pulp of tamarinds, two ounces. 

Sugar, one ounce. 

Mix. A tablespoonful three times a day, 
in hemorrhoids. Radius. 

R. Sulphur, 

Burnt sponge, each, two drachms. 

Prepared oyster-shell, one drachm. 

Conserve of roses, 

two ounces and a half. 
Mix. A teaspoonful three or four times a 
day, as an alterative, in scrofulous affec- 
tions. Vogt. 



Compound Electuary of Sulphur. 
R. Washed sulphur, 

one ounce and a half. 
Confection of senna, two ounces. 



Nitre. 



one drachm. 



Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. 
Mix. One or two drachms once or twice 
a day, in hemorrhoidal affections. Ellis. 



SULPHUR, 



563 



R. Sublimed sulphur, half an ounce. 

Cream of tartar, 

one drachm and a half. 

Confection of senna, one ounce. 

Simple syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and make electuary. A teaspoonful 
at bedtime, for hemorrhoids. Ainslie. 

R. Sublimed sulphur, two ounces. 
Cream of tartar, one ounce. 

Powdered guaiacum, one drachm. 

" rhubarb, 

Spirit of nutmeg, 

each, 
Honey, 

Mix, and make electuary, 
land as The Chelsea Pensioner, and em 
ployed for the various forms of chronic 
rheumatism, in doses of one or two drachms, 
morning and evening. 



two drachms. 

sufficient. 

Known in Eng- 



Linctus with Sulphur. 
R. Washed sulphur, half a drachm. 
Benzoic acid, fifteen grains. 

Syrup of violets, 

one ounce and a half. 
Oxymel, one ounce. 

Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally, as an 
expectorant. Bories. 



Electuary of Sulphur. 

R. Washed sulphur, half an ounce. 

Confection of senna, 

one ounce and a half. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix. A teaspoonful morning and evening, 
in hemorrhoids. Lewis's Disp. 



R 



Sulphur Mixture. 

Precipitated sulphur, two drachms. 

Laudanum, twenty drops. 

Water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. One spoonful three times a day, in 
mercurial disease. Radius. 



R. Precipitated sulph 
Fennel water, 
Cinnamon water, 
Syrup of opium, 

Mix. A spoonful every 
betes mellitus. 

R. Washed sulphur, 
Mucilage, 
Sugar, 
Rose water, 



ur, two drachms. 

three fl. ounces. 

one fl. ounce. 

half a fl. ounce. 

two hours, in dia- 

Augustin. 

one scruple. 

seven drachms. 

half an ounce. 

one fl. drachm. 



A teaspoonful every hour, in pectoral af- 
fections of young children. Phoebus. 



Water of Sulphur. 
R. Flowers of sulphur, one ounce. 
Water, two pints. 

Shake occasionally for some hours, and 
pour off the clear liquid. 

Amer. Journ. Ph. 1872, p. 6. 
Recommended by J. L. Davis as a remedy 
for dandruff, the head to be saturated with 
it in the morning. Its effects may be pro- 
bably due to traces of sulphurous and sul- 
phuric acids. 



Balsam of Sulphur. 
R. Washed sulphur, two ounces. 

Olive oil, eight ounces. 

Heat the oil, and gradually stir in the sul- 
phur, till it assumes the consistence of a 
thick balsam. Lond. Ph. 1746. 

Used as an external application to foul 
ulcers. 



Sulphurated Linseed Oil. 

R. Sublimed sulphur, one part. 

Linseed oil, six parts. 

Mix, and boil with constant stirring, into 
a homogeneous mass. This is the balsam 
of sulphur of Ph. Germ. 



Ethereal Balsam of Sulphur. 
R. Terebinthinated balsam of 
sulphur, 
Sulphuric ether, 

each, half a drachm. 

DippePs animal oil, six drachms. 

Mix. In flatulent colic. - Augustin. 



Terebinthinated Balsam of Sulphur. 

(Sulphurated Oil of Turpentine.) 
R. Sulphur, one part. 

Oil of turpentine, three parts. 
Mix, digest, and decant the clear solution. 

Ph. Germ. 
As an external application to ulcers, etc. 



R 



Ointment of Sulphur. 

Sublimed sulphur, one troyounce. 

Lard, two troyounces. 

Mix. This is also the formula of Ph. Germ., 
and with the addition of five drachms of 
almond oil of Paris Codex. U. S. Ph. 



564, 



SULPHUEIS CARBUEETUM 



R. Sublimed sulphur, one ounce. 

Benzoinated lard, four ounces. 

Mix. Brit. Ph. 

As an application in itch. 



Compound Sulphur Ointment. 

R. Sulphur, one ounce. 

Ammoniated mercury, 
Benzoic acid, each, one drachm. 
Oil of bergamot, 
Sulphuric acid, each, 

one fl. drachm. 
Nitrate of potassium, two drachms. 
Lard, half a pound. 

Melt the lard, add the other ingredients, 
and stir till cold. _ U. S. Ph. 1850. 

As an application in itch, tinea capitis, 
crusta lactea, etc. 

R. Sulphur, half a pound. 

Powdered white helle- 
bore, two ounces. 
Nitrate of potassium, one drachm. 
Soft soap, half a pound. 
Lard, one pound and a half. 
Oil of bergamot, thirty minims. 

Mix. Lond. Ph. 1836. 

Used as the last, but more irritating. 



R. Sulphur, 

Oil of cade, each, 

Lard, 

Soft soap, each, 

Prepared chalk, 
Mix. In itch. 



three parts. 

eight parts. 

two parts. 

Hebra. 



R. Sulphur, two parts. 

Car Donate of potassium, one part. 

Lard, eight parts. 

Mix. In itch. Foy. 

R. Sulphur, two ounces. 

Powdered chloride of 

ammonium, two drachms. 

Oil of mint, one drachm. 

Lard, four ounces. 

Mix. In cases of inveterate itch. 

Dewees. 

R. Washed sulphur, ten drachms. 

Carbonate of potassium, 

half an ounce. 

Cinnabar, one ounce. 

Oil of bergamot, half a fl. ounce. 

Lard, ten ounces. 

Mix. In itch. Bateman. 



Ointment of Sulphur and Camphor. 

R. Washed sulphur, half a drachm. 

Camphor, one scruple. 

Rose ointment, one ounce. 

Oil of roses, three drops. 

Mix. As an application in psorophthalmia. 

Allen. 



Ointment of Sulphur and Soap. 
R. Sulphur, one part. 

Soft soap, two parts. 

Mix. In itch. Radius. 



Ointment of Sulphur and Zinc. 
R. Washed sulphur, 

Sulphate of zinc, each, one part. 

Lard, eight parts. 

Mix. In tinea capitis. Ph. Germ. 



R. Sulphur, 

Oxide of zinc, 
Oil of bayberries, 
Lard, 

Mix. As last. 



four parts. 

three parts. 

six parts. 

twelve parts. 

Van Mons. 



Liniment of Sulphur and Soap. 

R. Soap, one ounce. 

Water, three ounces. 

Dissolve with a gentle heat, and add 

Sulphur, one ounce. 

Used as a lotion in itch. Lugol. 



Cerate of Sulphur. 
R. Washed sulphur, two parts. 

Galien's cerate, ten parts. 

Oil of almonds, one part. 

Mix. Paris Codex. 



SULPHURIS CARBURETUM, 

VEL 

CARBONIS BI-SULPHIDUM. 

Bi-sulphide of Carbon. 

R. Sulphuret of iron, eleven parts. 
Charcoal, three parts. 

Mix, and introduce into a stone retort, 
furnished with a glass tube, dipping into 
water. Separate the sulphuret which col- 
lects at the bottom of the water in the re- 
cipient, and re-distil it from chloride of 
lime. Van Mons. 

R. Sulphur, at will. 

Pass the vapor slowly through charcoal, 
heated to redness, in a porcelain tube, col- 



SULPHURIS IODIDUM. — SUMBULUS. 



565 



lectthe product in a receiver, and purify by 
another distillation. Cottereau. 

This fluid is extremely volatile, and hence 
has been suggested as an anaesthetic agent. 
But thus far, experiments with it have not 
shown any superiority over other and safer 
liquids. In fact, they rather prove the re- 
verse. It is used internally as a sudorific 
in rheumatism ; dose, two or three drops. 
Also used externally. 



I Drops of Sulphuret of Carbon. 
R. Sulphuret of carbon, 

one fl. drachm. 
Alcohol, half a fl. ounce. 

Mix. Four to six drops, every two hours, 
in rheumatism. Wutzer. 



Mixture of Sulphuret of Carbon. 
R. Sulphuret of carbon, one scruple. 
Cow's milk, six fl. ouuces. 

Sugar, two drachms. 

Mix. A tablespoonful four times a day, 
in hypertrophy of the stomach and contrac- 
tion of the oesophagus. Clarus. 



Liniment of Sulphuret of Carbon. 
R. Sulphuret of carbon, 

half an ounce. 
Oil of almonds, one ounce. 

Mix. As an embrocation in gouty nodes. 

Mansfield. 

R. Sulphuret of carbon, one drachm. 
Camphorated oil, one ounce. 

Beasley. 

R. Camphor, two drachms. 

Dissolve in 

Sulphuret of carbon, 

half a fl. ounce ; 
and add 

Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 

As an embrocation in rheumatism. 

Lampadius. 

R. Sulphuret of carbon, 

two fl. drachms. 
Camphorated ammon. 

liniment, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. As an embrocation in rheumatism. 

Wutzer. 



STTLPHTJRIS IODIDUM 

Iodide of Sulphur. 



R. Iodine, 
Sulphur, 



four troy ounces, 
one troyounce. 



Hub them together, in a porcelain or glass 
mortar. Put the mixture into a matrass, 
close the orifice slightly, and apply a gentle 
heat, so as to darken the mass, but not 
melt it. When uniformly dark, increase 
the fire so as to melt the iodine; then incline 
the vessel in different directions, to return 
to the mass any portions that have been 
condensed on the surface of the vessel; 
lastly, allow the matrass to cool, break it, 
and put the iodide into well-stopped bottles. 

U. 8. Ph. 
Used mostly as an external application, 
in cutaneous affections. 



Powder of Iodide of Sulphur. 

R. Powdered iodide of sulphur, 

ten grains. 
Powdered gum Arabic, sufficient. 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
morning and evening, for an adult. Useful 
in porrigo, prurigo, impetigo, and tinea ; 
also in noctural incontinence of urine. 

Escolar. 



Ointment of Iodide of Sulphur. 
R. Iodide of sulphur, thirty grains. 
Lard, one troyounce. 

Rub the iodide with a little of the lard, 
then add the remainder, and mix. 

U. S. Ph. 
Brit. Ph. directs of lard one ounce. 

R. Iodide of sulphur, five parts. 

Lard, ninety-six parts. 

Mix. Foy. 

The strength is to be varied according 
to circumstances. Much used in chronic 
cutaneous diseases. 



SUMBULUS. 

SUMBUL. — MUSKROOT. 

Said to be derived from Suiribulus moscha- 
tus, an umbelliferous plant of Bucharia. It 
occurs in round pieces of various dimen- 
sions, has a dark brown rough bark, a po- 
rous interior, a strong musk-like odor, and 
a sweetish, then bitter and balsamic taste. 
It is recommended in low typhoid fevers, 
and various nervous disorders, in doses of 
ten to twenty grains. 



Tincture of Sumbul. 
R. Sumbul, in coarse 

powder, two ounces and a half. 

Proof spirit, sufficient. 

Obtain, by maceration and displacement, 

twenty fl. ounces of tincture. Dose, ten to 

thirty minims. Brit. Ph. 



566 



TABACUM 



Oleoresin of Sumbul. 
B. Powdered sumbul, 

a convenient quantity. 
Exhaust by ether ; recover portion of it by 
distillation, and evaporate the remainder 
spontaneously. Dose, one to three grains. 

Murawieff. 
Eecommended in hysteria, chronic bron- 
chitis, pneumonia, and other diseases. 



Fluid Extract of Sumbul. 
B. Powdered sumbul, 

sixteen troyounces. 
Exhaust with stronger alcohol by slow per- 
colation, reserve the first fourteen fl. ounces, 



evaporate the remainder to two fl. ounces, 
and mix with reserved portion. 



R 



Compound Elixir of Sumbul. 

Tincture of sumbul, 

Sj^rup, each, four fl. ounces. 

Elixir of valerianate 

of ammonium, eight fl. ounces. 
Compound tint u re of 

cochineal, four fl. drachms. 

Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful or more ; to be 
shaken before use. 

Amer. Phar. Assoc. 1873. 



T, 



TABACUM. 

Tobacco. 

Tobacco is the leaves of Nicotiana tdba- 
cvm, an annual, herbaceous plant, a native 
of the warmer parts of America, and ex- 
tensively cultivated in the United States 
and elsewhere. There are numerous va- 
rieties, but, in all of them, the leaves are 
the part that is used. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Solanacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 258. Griffith, Med. Bot. 493. 

Tobacco, as found in commerce, consists 
of the dried leaves, which are packed in 
bundles ; it has a narcotic, penetrating odor, 
and a bitterish, nauseous, acrid taste. It 
has the powers of a sedative narcotic, with 
those of an emetic and diuretic ; it also 
acts as an errhine and sialagogue. In large 
doses it acts as a poison. It is employed to 
produce relaxation in spasmodic affections, 
as a diuretic, etc. 



Compound Powder of Tobacco. 
B. Powdered tobacco, 

u valerian, each, 

two drachms. 
Oil of lavender, 

" marjoram, each, 

three drops. 
Mix. Used as a cephalic snuff. Boeli. 

B. Powdered tobacco, two grains. 
Tartar emetic, one grain. 

Powdered sugar, two drachms. 
u gum Arabic, 

half a drachm. 



Mix, and form twenty powders, 
two hours, in hooping-cough. 



One, every 
Petschaft. 



Extract of Tobacco. 
B. Cut tobacco, four ounces. 



Water, 



two pints. 



Boil, and let simmer for two or three hours, 
strain, and evaporate to consistence of an 
extract. For external use in neuralgia. 

Chippendale. 



Pills of Tobacco. 

B. Extract of tobacco, one drachm. 

Liquorice, half an ounce. 

Vinegar of squill, sufficient. 

Mix, and make one hundred and eighty 

pills. Dose, one to three, in dropsy. 

Van Mons. 



Wine of Tobacco. 
B. Tobacco, in powder, 

No. 50, one troyounce. 

Sherry wine, one pint. 

Macerate for seven days, express, and 

filter. U.S. Ph. 

From ten to twenty minims, as a diuretic. 



Tincture of Tobacco. 

B. Cut tobacco, one ounce. 

Diluted alcohol, one pint. 

Digest for three days, express, and filter. 

Dose, ten minims. Augustin. 



TAMARINDUS 



567 



Infusion of Tobacco. 

R. Tobacco, one drachm. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for an hour in a covered vessel, 

and strain. U. S. Ph. 

The enema of tobacco of Brit. Ph. is 
two-thirds the strength of this. 

Used as an enema ; one-half only should 
be used at a time ; employed in strangu- 
lated hernia, obstinate colic, etc. Great 
caution must be used, as dangerous effects 
have followed its administration. 



Mixture of Tobacco. 
R. Tobacco, one drachm. 

Boiling water, two fl. ounces. 

Infuse for twenty minutes, filter, and add 

Alcohol, two fl. drachms. 

Thirty to fifty drops, twice or thrice a day, 
in hydrothorax and dysuria. Fowler. 



Lotion of Tobacco. 
R. Tobacco, 

two drachms to half an ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse. As a lotion in psora, but must be 
used with great caution. Ellis. 



Cataplasm of Tobacco. 
R. Tobacco, one ounce. 

Beat up with water, and form a cataplasm. 
To be applied to the throat in croup, and 
in spasm of the glottis, etc. Ellis'. 



R 



Ointment of Tobacco. 

Tobacco, in fine 

powder, half a troyounce. 

Lard, eight troyounces. 

By percolation with water obtain from the 
powder four fl. ounces of liquid, evaporate 
to a soft extract, and mix thoroughly with 
the lard. U. S. Ph. 

In irritable ulcers, tinea capitis, etc. To 
be used with caution. 



R. Powdered tobacco, 
Sulphur, each, 
Powdered white 

hellebore, 
Oleander leaves, 
Common salt, 
Rose ointment, 



four ounces. 

two ounces. 

one ounce. 

ten drachms. 

two pounds. 



Mix. As an application in psora, etc. 

Taddei. 



R. Extract of tobacco, one drachm. 
Simple cerate, one ounce. 

Mix. As a friction in neuralgia. 

Chippendale. 



Oil of Tobacco. 

R. Tobacco, at will. 

Introduce it into a retort of green glass 
connected with a receiver, which should be 
furnished with a tube, to conduct the in- 
condensable gases to a chimney ; heat the 
retort gradually to dull redness until the 
empyreumatic oil ceases to distil ; separate 
the black tarry product from the acid 
liquor in the receiver, and preserve it for 
use. U. S. Ph. 



Oleo-infusion of Tobacco. 

R. Bruised tobacco, one part. 

Olive oil, two parts. 

Digest until the moisture has evaporated, 

express, and filter. Paris Codex. 



Nicotia. — Nicotina. 
R. Kentucky tobacco, at will. 

Cut to pieces, and extract it with water ; 
evaporate to an extract, exhaust this with 
alcohol ; distil off the alcohol, treat the soft 
extract with an excess of potassa in water ; 
agitate this with ether, in separate por- 
tions, till the impure nicotina is removed ; 
unite the ethereal liquids, add an excess of 
pulverized oxalic acid, wash the oxalate of 
nicotina which precipitates with ether ; 
then treat it with an aqueous solution of 
potassa, and again agitate the liquid with 
ether to remove the alkaloid, which is ob- 
tained by distilling off the ether in the form 
of a light brown, syrupy liquid, and con- 
sists of nicotina, ether, water, and some 
ammonia. The last three bodies may be 
removed by heating the nicotina in a retort 
to the temperature of 284° F. in a current 
of hydrogen, for twelve hours ; then, by 
raising the heat to 356° F., the nicotina 
distils over pure. Schloessing. 

Nicotina is too strong for internal admin- 
istration. 



TAMARINDUS. 

Tamarinds. 

Tamarinds are the preserved fruit of the 
Tamarindvs Indica, a large tree, a native of 
the East Indies, and extensively cultivated 
in the tropical parts of America. Those 
brought here are principally derived from 
the West Iudies. 



568 



TANACETUM, 



TAPIOCA 



Sex. Syst. Monadelph. triand. Nat. Syst. 
Fabacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 48. Griffith, Med. Bot. 262. 

The preserved pods, as they come to us, 
are in a dark-colored, adhesive mass, formed 
of pulp, fragments of the pods, seeds, and 
syrup, of a sweet acidulous taste. They are 
cooling and laxative ; and, when mixed 
with water, form a grateful drink in febrile 
diseases. 



Pulp of Tamarinds. 
R. Tamarinds, at will. 

Digest in au equal quantity of water, then 
pass through a sieve, evaporate to the 
thickness of an extract, and with every six 
parts of it, incorporate 

Powdered sugar, one part. 

Ph. Germ. 



Electuary of Tamarinds. 
R. Pulp of tamarinds, 

one ounce and a half. 
Cream of tartar, half an ounce. 
Syrup of raspberries, sufficient. 
Mix. Two teaspoonfuls morning and eve- 
ning, as a laxative. Radius. 



Infusion of Tamarinds. 
B. Pulp of tamarinds, one ounce. 
Boiling water, two pints. 

Infuse for one hour, and strain. As a cool- 
ing drink in fevers. Cottereau. 



Tamarind Whey. 



R. 



Milk, 
Tamarinds, 



two pints, 
two ounces. 



Boil, and strain. As a cooling drink. 

Pereira. 



TANACETUM. 
Tansy. 

Tansy, or Tanacsetum vulgarc, is a peren- 
nial herbaceous plant, with numerous yel- 
low flowers ; a native of Europe, and gene- 
rally cultivated In our gardens, and has also 

become naturalized in some places. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. As- 
tera< I 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1164. Griffith, Med. Bot. 406. 

The leaves and floweringtops are officinal ; 
they hare a peculiar and strong odor, dimin- 
ish* d by drying; and a warm, bitter, aro- 
taste. It is an aromatic bitter, and 
has been praised In lotermittents, hysteria, 
;i Mic in Mil in ;i, as an anthelmintic, etc. As a 
vermifuge, the seeds are to be preferred. 



, each, 



equal 



Compound Powder of Tansy. 
R. Tansy, ] 

Wormwood, 
Chamomile, 
Levant wormseed, P ar s * 

Mix. Paris Codex. 

A coarse powder is made, if it is to be 
used for preparing an infusion. 

Infusion of Tansy. 
R. Fresh tansy, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Infuse and strain. Used internally, and as 
an injection against ascarides. 

Niemann. 



Extract of Tansy. 

R. Tansy, one pound. 

Alcohol, one pint. 

Water, eight pints. 

Digest for three days, express, distil off the 
alcohol, and evaporate to proper consist- 
ence. Dose, six to twenty grains. 

Giordano. 



Oil of Tansy. 

R. Tansy, at will. 

Water, sufficient 

to cover. Distil, and separate the oil. 

Guibourt. 
Dose, one to two drops, as a vermifuge. 



Pills of Tansy. 
R. Oil of tansy, one fl. scruple. 

Extract of English 



walnut. 



two drachms. 



Powdered marsh mallow, sufficient. 
Mix, and make sixty pills. Three to five 
every two hours, as a vermifuge. Radius. 

Compound Tincture of Tansy. 
R. Tansy, one ounce. 

Wormwood, 

Rhubarb, each, three ounces. 

Sherry wine, two fl. ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, twenty fl. ounces. 
Digest for eight days, and filter. Dose, 
one to two fl. drachms, two or three times 
a day, as a vermifuge. Van Mons. 



TAPIOCA 

Tapioca 



Is a fecula obtained from the root of 
Janipha manihot, a shrub-like, herbaceous 
plant, a native of the tropical parts of 



TARAXACUM 



569 



America, where it is largely cultivated 
under the name of Cassava, and forms an 
important article of food. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. 
Eupborbiaceae. 

Kunth. ii. 85. Griffith, Med. Bot. 601. 

Tapioca is found in the shops in the form 
of irregular, rough, white grains, having 
little odor or taste, swelling up in hot water, 
and affording a bland and nutritious diet 
for the sick and convalescent. 



Tapioca Jelly. 

R. Tapioca, two tablespoonfuls. 

Water, one pint. 

Boil gently for an hour, or till it becomes 
gelatinous; flavor with sugar, wine, etc., 
according to circumstances Ellis. 



Tapioca Pudding. 
R. Yolk of eggs, two. 

Sugar, half an ounce. 

Beat together, and stir the mixture with 

Tapioca mucilage, one pint. 

Bake in a slow oven. The mucilage should 
be made with milk, instead of water. 

A. T. Thomson. 



TARAXACUM. 

Dandelion. 

This officinal article is the root of Tarax- 
acum dens-leonis, a small, herbaceous plant, 
with a perennial, fusiform root. It is a 
native of Europe, but has become natural- 
ized in this country. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. sequal. Nat. Syst. As- 

Haller, i. 23. Griffith, Med. Bot. 414. 

The root is fusiform, of a light-brown 
color externally, succulent, inodorous, and 
of a mucilaginous, bitterish taste. It should 
be collected in autumn ( U. S. Ph. and Ph. 
Germ.), between September and February 
{Brit. Ph.). It is aperient, diuretic, and 
somewhat tonic, and thought to be resolvent 
in engorgements of the liver. 



Decoction of Dandelion. 
R. Bruised dandelion root, 

one ounce. 

Water, sufficient. 

Boil for ten minutes in sufficient water to 

obtain a pint (twenty fl. ounces). Brit. Ph. 

A wineglassful two or three times a day, 

as a diuretic, etc. 



Infusion of Dandelion. 

R. Bruised dandelion, 

two troyounces. 
Boiling water, one pint. 



Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, 

and strain. U. S. Ph. 

Dose, a wineglassful three times a day. 



Compound Infusion of Dandelion. 
R. Infusion of dandelion, 

four fl. ounces. 
Extract of dandelion, 

two drachms. 
Carbonate of sodium, 

half a drachm. 
Tartrate of potassium, 

three drachms. 
Tincture of rhubarb, 

three fl. drachms. 
" henbane, 

twenty drops. 
Mix. One-third part three times a day, 
in dropsical and visceral affections. 

Meiqs. 



Fluid Extract of Dandelion. 

R. Dandelion, in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, three fl. ounces. 

Water, five fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Moisten the powder with four fl. ounces of 
the mixed liquids, pack in a percolator, add 
the remainder and macerate for four days ; 
then, with diluted alcohol, displace twenty- 
four fl. ounces, reserving the first fourteen, 
add to the remainder one fl. ounce of gly- 
cerin, evaporate to two fl. ounces, and mix 
with the reserved portion. U. S. Ph. 

R. Dandelion root, fresh, 

thirty-two ounces. 
Slice it, and reduce to a pulp. Mix this 
with one-sixth its bulk of alcohol, macerate 
for twenty-four hours, and express strongly. 
Add a pint of water containing a little 
alcohol, and again express. Evaporate the 
mixed products to twelve fl. ounces, add 
four fl. ounces of alcohol, and filter. 

' A teaspoonful is equal to half a drachm 
of the extract obtained from the expressed 
juice. W. Procter. 



Extract of Dandelion. 

R. Dandelion, gathered in 

September, five pounds. 

Slice the dandelion ; bruise it in a stone 
mortar, sprinkling on it a little water, until 
reduced to a pulp. Then express the juice, 
strain, and evaporate in a shallow dish over 
a water-bath, constantly stirring, to the 
proper consistence. U. S. Ph, 



570 



TAEAXACUM. 



Brit. Ph. heats the juice to 212° for ten 
minutes, strains, and evaporates at or below 
160°. Paris Codex evaporates the juice 
to one-third, cools, strains after twelve 
hours, and evaporates to the proper con- 
sistence. Ph. Germ, directs the entire 
plant, collected while flowering, and dried, 
to be exhausted with hot water, and the 
infusion properly evaporated. 

Dose, a scruple to a drachm, three times 
a day, alone, or dissolved in cinnamon or 
mint water. 

R. Bruise the recent root, collected in 
September ; add one-fourth its 
bulk of alcohol ; allow the whole 
to macerate twelve hours, ex- 
press powerfully, acid a little 
diluted alcohol, and again ex- 
press. Evaporate the mixed 
liquids in a water-bath to the 
proper consistence. 

W. Procter. 



Prepared Juice of Dandelion. 

R. Fresh dandelion root, 

seven pounds. 
Alcohol, sufficient. 

Bruise the root, express the juice, and to 
every three measures of it add one measure 
of rectified spirit. Keep in a cool place. 
Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Brit. Ph. 
The U. S. Ph. adds one measure of alco- 
hol to every five measures of the expressed 
juice. 



Fluid Extract of Dandelion and 
Senna. 
R. Senna, two pounds. 

Torrefied dandelion root, 

one pound. 
German chamomile, 

quarter of a pound. 
Sugar, twenty ounces. 

Carbonate of potassium, or 

carbonate of sodium, one ounce. 
Oil of wintergreen, half a drachm. 
Alcohol, two ounces. 

Water, half a gallon. 

Powder the dry plants, and mix them with 
the water, holding the alkaline carbonate 
in .solution. Let, the mixture stand for 
twelve hours, then introduce into ;i perco- 
lator, and add water until a gallon of" liquid 
shall have, passed. Evaporate] on ;i water- 
bath to twenty ounces, add the sugar, filter, 
uikI when cola add the alcohol, holding the 

oil of wintergreen in solution. Dose, a 
teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. E. Dwpuy. 



Pills of Extract of Dandelion. 
R. Extract of dandelion, 

half a drachm. 

Powdered liquorice, sufficient. 
Mix, and make eight pills. One, three 
times a day. In dropsy, and diseases of 
the urinary apparatus. Ellis. 

R. Extract of dandelion, 

Soap, each, one ounce. 

Liquid acetate of potassium, 

sufficient. 
Mix, and make pills of four grains. Four 
to six in a day, as diuretic, etc. St. Marie. 



Fills of Dandelion and Blue Mass. 
R. Extract of dandelion, 

half a drachm. 

Blue pill, five to ten grains. 

Powdered uva ursi, sufficient. 

Mix, and make ten pills. One, thrice a 

day, in dropsy connected with liver disease. 

Ellis. 



Mixture of Dandelion. 

R. Extract of dandelion, two ounces. 

Peppermint water, six fl. ounces. 

Clarified honey, one ounce. 

Mix. Two spoonfuls every three hours. 

Richter. 

R. Extract of dandelion, 

two scruples. 
Bicarbonate of sodium, 

twenty-four grains. 
Tincture of rhubarb, 

one fl. drachm. 
Infusion of Colombo, 

eleven fl. drachms. 

Caraway water, four fl. drachms. 

Mix. Dose, a dessertspoonful twice daily, 

in infantile dyspepsia. West. 

R. Extract of dandelion, 

half a drachm. 
Decoction of dandelion, 

nine fl. drachms. 
Spirit of nitrous ether, 

one fl. drachm. 

Syrup of ginger, two fl. drachms. 

Mix. To be taken three times a day, as a 

diuretic, in anasarca and ascites. Sprague. 

R. Cream of tartar, two drachms. 
Bruised cloves, two scruples. 

Sugar, one ounce. 

Decoction of dandelion, one pound. 



TEKEB INTUIT A. 



571 



Macerate for two hours, and strain. One- 
fourth to be given every six hours, in 
dropsy. Sprague. 



Clyster of Dandelion. 
R. Dandelion root, bruised, 

three ounces. 

Bran, one ounce. 

Water, sixteen fl. ounces. 

Boil down to eight fl. ounces ; add, at close, 

Chamomile, 

Valerian, each, two drachms. 

Strain ; for two injections. Much praised 
in obstructions of the bowels. Berends. 



TEREBINTHINA. 

Turpentine. 

Turpentine is the oleoresin of various spe- 
cies of the Pine tribe, and is also procured 
from trees of other orders. That used in the 
United States is obtained from several 
species of Pinus and Abies, but chiefly from 
the P. palustris. 

Sex. Syst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. 
Pinaceae. 

Willden. Sp. PI. iv. 499. Griffith, Med 
Bot. 604. 

The officinal turpentine consists, essen- 
tially, of a volatile oil and a resin. All the 
turpentines are possessed of much the same 
properties ; they have an aromatic odor, and 
i somewhat pungent and bitterish taste. 
They are stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic 
and, in large doses, purgative. They are 
also used externally as rubefacients. 



Turpentine Pills. 

R. Turpentine, one drachm. 

Divide into fifteen pills. One, four or five 
imes a day, in affections of the urinary 
lagans. mi8m 



Pills of Turpentine and Guaiacum. 
R. Powdered guaiacum, one drachm. 
Venice turpentine, sufficient. 

"Mix, and make fifteen pills. One, thrice a 
lay ; in gleet and leucorrhcea. They some- 
times cause strangury. Ellis. 



Pills of Turpentine and Magnesia. 
. Turpentine, ten drachms. 

Calcined magnesia, 

seven drachms and a half. 
Mix, and make into two hundred pills. In 
liseases of the urinary organs. 

Paris Codex. 



Pills of Turpentine and Rhubarb. 

R. Turpentine, two ounces. 

Extract of rhubarb, three drachms. 

Camphor, two drachms. 

Mix, and make pills of four grains. Dose, 
three, thrice a day, in leucorrhcea and 
gonorrhoea. St. Marie. 



R 



Pills of Turpentine and Myrrh. 

Turpentine, 

Spermaceti, each, half an ounce. 

Powdered myrrh, two drachms. 

olibanum, sufficient. 

Mix, and make pills of three grains. One 

every three hours, in chronic catarrh. 

Cadet. 

Pills of Turpentine and Jalap. 
R. Turpentine, one drachm. 

Soap of jalap, half a drachm, 

Extract of henbane, four grains. 

Calomel, eight grains. 

Make pills of three grains. Dose, four 
every three hours, for two days. As an 
anthelmintic. Augustin. 



Electuary of Turpentine. 
R. Turpentine, ^ 

Soap, C eac \ 

Powdered rhubarb, ) one draclim - 
Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix. Three teaspoonfuls a day, in dropsy. 

Radius. 



Turpentine Clyster. 

R. Yenice turpentine, half a fl. ounce. 

Yolk of egg, one. 

Infusion of flaxseed, ten fl. ounces. 

Rapeseed oil, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. In colic and obstinate constipation. 

Ph. Noscom. Ed. 



Liniment of Turpentine. 

R. Yellow wax, one part. 

Melt, and add 

Turpentine, 

Oil of turpentine, each, one part. 
Mix. Much praised in chronic ulcers on 
the legs. Van Mons. 

R. Yellow wax, half a pound. 

Olive oil, one pound. 

Red saunders, two ounces. 

Turpentine, one pound. 

Melt together, strain, and add 



572 



TILIA EUROPJEA 



Camphor, two drachms. 

As an application to contusions and ulcera- 
tions. Van Mons. 

R. Oil of turpentine, 
Olive oil, 

each, one ounce and a half. 

Diluted sulphuric acid, 

three drachms. 
Mix. As an embrocation in rheumatism. 

Chapman. 

Ointment of Turpentine. 
R. Turpentine, } 

Yellow wax, V equal parts. 

Oil of turpentine, ) 

Melt, mix, and stir until cool. Ph. Germ. 



Compound Ointment of Turpentine. 
R. Turpentine, four drachms. 

Yolk of egg, two drachms. 

Olive oil, one drachm. 

Beat together into a uniform mass. 

Parts Codex. 

This is the digestif simple of the French ; 

the formula of Ph. Germ, directs for the 

above quantities, in addition, eight grains 

each of powdered myrrh and aloes. 

R. Mucilage, one pound. 

Fresh butter, two pounds. 

Olive oil, three pounds and a half. 
Melt together, and add 

Turpentine, three ounces. 

Mix well. As an application in engorge- 
ment of the breasts, in nephritic pains, etc. 

Swediaur. 



It, 



Turpentine Plaster. 

Turpentine, one ounce. 



White of egg, 

AVheat flour, 

Sugar, I each, 

Honey, 

Brandy, 

Olive oil, 

Mix Hie turpentine and honey, gradually 
adding the other ingredients, and nib well. 
As an application to painful ulcers. 

St. Marie. 



Compound Turpentine Plaster. 

R. Turpentine, eight parts. 

Suet, twenty-four parts. 

Yellow wax, thirty-two parts. 

Essence of mint, 

M cloves, each, one part. 



Oil of mace, six parts. 

Powdered benzoin, eight parts. 

" olibanum, sixteen parts. 

Mix, with the assistance of heat. Useful 

in diarrhoea, dyspepsia, flatulence, and colic. 

Ph. Suea. 



Terebinthinate Syrup. 
R. White turpentine, one troy ounce. 
Tincture of tolu, half a fl. ounce. 
Carbonate of magnesium, 

four drachms. 

Triturate well together, add gradually six 
fl. ounces of water, filter, and add 

Glycerin, two fl. ounces. 

Gum Arabic, two troyounces. 

Sugar, twenty troyounces. 

Dissolve, and add water to make twenty- 
four fl. ounces. Maryland Coll. Ph. 



Turpentine Mixture. 
R. Turpentine, two drachms. 

Yolk of egg, one. 

Rub together, and add 

Extract of rhubarb, 

Sal prunelle, each, ' one drachm. 
Then add gradually 

Infusion of liquorice, ten fl. ozs. 

Syrup of marsh mallow, 

one fl. ounce. 
Mix. A tablespoon ful every hour, in gon- 
orrhoea. Bories. 

R. Turpentine, one ounce. 

Mint water, four fl. ounces. 

Gum Arabic, sufficient. 

Simple syrup, one ounce. 

Extract of belladonna, one grain. 
Mix, and make emulsion. Used in gonor- 
rhoea after the reduction of the inflamma- 
tory stage ; when it acts too powerfully on 
the bowels, it must be intermitted for a 
few days. Ebriart. 



TESTA PR^EPARATA. 

Prepared Oyster-Shell. 

{Seepage 183.) 



TILIA EUROPE A. 

Linden. 

The linden is a handsome tree, a nativel 
of the north of Europe, and much culti- 
vated in the United States for ornament and | 
shade. 



TOEMEBTTILLA. TOXIC ODEKDKON, 



573 



Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
TiliacetB. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 733. Lindley, Flor. Med. 
117. 

The part used is the flowers, which, when 
dried, have a faint but agreeable odor, and 
a sweetish, mucilaginous taste. They are 
antispasmodic and diaphoretic, and are 
much used in Europe. It is probable that 
the flowers of our native species have the 
same properties. 



"Water of Linden Flowers. 
R. Linden flowers, one part. 

Distil with sufficient 



Water, 



ten parts. 



On adding to this product one-fiftieth of 
its weight of alcohol, and distilling after- 
wards one part, the concentrated linden- 
flower water is obtained, which keeps better. 

Ph. Germ. 



Infusion of Linden Flowers. 
R. Linden flowers, two drachms. 

Boiling water, two pints. 

Infuse for half an hour, and strain. A 
mild antispasmodic. Paris Codex. 



Compound Infusion of Linden 
Flowers. 



R 



each, two 
drachms. 



Linden flowers, 

Chamomile flowers, 

Orange leaves, 

Boiling water, two pints. 

Infuse for half an hour, strain, and add 

Syrup, two fl. ounces. 

A small cupful, occasionally, as an antispas- 
modic. Foy. 



TOR, MEN TIL LA. 

TORMENTIL. 

The root of Potentilla tormentilla, a small, 
perennial plant, with a large, woody, dark- 
brown root, a native of many parts of 
Europe, growing in barren spots. 

Sex. Syst. Icosand. polygyn. Nat. Syst. 
Rosacea^. 

Sibthorp, Fl. Ox. 162. Griflith, Med. Bot. 
278. 

The root, when dried, is in irregular 
pieces, which are knotty, tuberculated, and 
of a dark, reddish-brown color. Its odor is 
slightly aromatic, and its taste very astrin- 
gent. It is a simple and somewhat active 
astringent. Dose, thirty grains to a drachm. 



Compound Powder of Tormentil. 

R. Powdered tormentil, 

" gum Arabic, 

each, three ounces. 



Armenian bole, six ounces. 

Powdered cinnamon, four ounces. 
" long pepper, 

half an ounce. 
Mix. Geneva Ph. 



Extract of Tormentil. 

R. Tormentil, one part. 

Water, eight parts. 

Boil, and strain ; repeat with same quan- 
tity of water, mix the two decoctions, strain, 
and evaporate to the proper consistence. 
Dose, from twenty to thirty grains. 

Amst. Ph. 



Decoction of Tormentil. 
R. Tormentil, bruised, two ounces. 
Distilled water, 

one pint and a half. 
Boil down to a pint, and strain. 

Lond. Ph. 1836. 
Dose, one to two fl. ounces, three or four 
times a day. 



Gargle of Tormentil. 
R. Tormentil, one ounce. 

Water, twelve fl. ounces. 

Boil down one-third, strain, and add 



Alum, 



Honey, 



Mix. 



one drachm, 
one ounce. 

Radius. 



TOXICODENDRON. 
Poison Oak. 

The leaves of Rhus toxicodendron, a 
shrubby plant, a native of the United States, 
are the parts used. This plant sometimes 
becomes a vine, whence it has received the 
name of Rhus radicans, or Poison vine. 
Both varieties grow in woods, along fence 
rows, etc., and are extremely poisonous to 
some persons, whilst other individuals are 
not affected by them ; the acrid poisonous 
principle producing these effects is a vola- 
tile acid, named toxicodendric acid. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. 
Anacardiacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 381. Griffith, Med. Bot. 184. 

The leaves are inodorous, and of a dis- 
agreeable, acrid taste. They are narcotic 
and stimulant, acting like the acro-narcotic 
poisons in large doses. They have been 
used with success in obstinate cutaneous 
affections, chronic rheumatism, etc. The 
dose is half a grain, gradually increased. 



Extract of Poison Oak. 
R. Leaves of poison oak, one part. 
Alcohol, * four parts. 



574 



TEAGACANTHA. — TJLIOSTEUM 



Infuse, strain, distil off the spirit, and evap- 
orate to proper consistence. 

Paris Codex. 
Dose, one grain, gradually increased till 
some effect is induced. 



Fills of Poison Oak. 

B. Extract of poison oak, 

Camphor, each, fifteen grains. 
Extract of arnica, 
" valerian, 

each, thirty grains. 

Powdered calamus, sufficient. 

Beat into mass, and make thirty pills. 
One, three times a day, in hemiplegia. 

Brera. 



Tincture of Poison Oak. 

R. Fresh leaves of 

poison oak, five parts. 

Alcohol, six parts. 

Bruise the leaves in a stone mortar, ma- 
cerate with the spirit for eight days, express, 
and filter. Dose, five to fifteen grains. 

Ph. Germ. 



TRAGACANTHA. 
Tragacanth. 

A gummy exudation from Astragalus 
verus, and other species of Astragalus. 
All of them are small shnibs, with thorny 
petioles, found in the countries bordering 
on the Levant, in Persia, etc. 

Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. ISyst. 
Fabaceas. 

Lindley, Flor. Med. 247. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 239. 

Tragacanth is in contorted, vermicular 
pieces, rounded or flattened, of a whitish 
or whitish-yellow color ; semi-translucent 
and corneous ; tough, except when quite 
dry. It is inodorous, and of a bland, mu- 
cilaginous taste. It swells up and forms a 
paste or mixture with water, but does not 
dissolve. It is demulcent and nutritive. 



one 
)unce. 



Compound Tragacanth Powder. 
R. Powdered tragacanth, ^ , 
u gum Arabic, > 
" starch, ) 

Sugar, powdered, three ounces. 

Mix well. Brit. Ph. 

Demulcent. Dose, from thirty grains to 
.1 drachm. 



Mucilage of Tragacanth. 
R. Tragacanth, one troyounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 



Macerate for twenty-four hours, occasion- 
ally stirring, triturate till uniform, and 
strain forcibly through linen. U. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. directs sixty grains of traga- 
canth to ten ounces of distilled water; 
Paris Codex, one part of the gum to nine 
parts of cold water. 

Principally used as a basis for more ac- 
tive medicines. 



. Paste of Tragacanth. 
R. Tragacanth, thirty-two parts. 
Macerate in 

Water, one thousand parts. 

Also, dissolve 

Isinglass, forty-eight parts, 

in 

Water, eight hundred parts. 

Strain through a linen cloth, and mix with 
the macerated gum ; then add 

Syrup, one thousand parts. 

Evaporate by a gentle fire to the con- 
sistence of a soft paste, and gradually add 

Orange-flower water, 

sixty-four parts. 

Evaporate to proper consistence on a water- 
bath. As an expectorant. Foy. 

R. White tragacanth, 

sixty-four parts. 

Isinglass, ninety-six parts. 

Water, three thousand parts. 

Simple syrup, tw r o thousand parts. 

Orange-flower water, one hundred 
and twenty-eight parts. 
Bruise the tragacanth, place it in a vessel 
for two days with five-sixths of the water, 
dissolve the isinglass in the rest of the 
water, and strain both solutions ; heat the 
syrup to boiling, and mix the whole, and 
continue heat till the mixture is of the con- 
sistence of soft paste, stirring well. Ke- 
move from fire, add orange-flower water, 
and evaporate on water-bath till sufficiently 
firm ; pour on marble slab, and divide into 
lozenges. Mouchon. 



TRIOSTEUM 

Fever-Root. 



The root of T. perfoliatum is placed on the 
secondary list of the TJ. S. Pharmacopoeia. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. 
Caprifollacese. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 395. Griffith, Med. Bot. 352. 

Fever-root or fever-wort is found in most 
parts of the United States. The root is of a 
yellowish or brownish color externally, and 



TRITICUM REPELS. — ULMUS CAMPESTRIS. 575 



it lias a nauseous odor and a bitter taste. 
It is a mild cathartic, in doses of ten to fif- 
teen grains. 



Extract of Fever-Root. 

R. Powdered fever-root, one pound. 
Diluted alcohol, four pints. 

Moisten the powder with half a pint of the 
diluted alcohol, macerate for twenty-four 
hours, transfer to a percolator, and add 
gradually the remainder of the alcohol. 
Add water until the tincture passes taste- 
less. Then distil off the alcohol, and evap- 
orate to the consistence of an extract. 

Thomas. 
Dose, five to eight grains. 



TRITICUM REPENS. 

Couchgrass. — Dog's Grass. 

This plant is found in Europe and in this 
country. The rhizome, which is the officinal 
part, is long, of the thickness' of straw, and 
has a sweet taste. It is collected in the 
spring. 

Sex. Syst. Triand. Digyn. Nat. Syst. 
Graminacese. 

It is employed as a diuretic and mild 
aperient. Dose in decoction, one to two 
drachms. 



Extract of Couchgrass. 

R. Couchgrass root, one part. 

Digest with six parts of hot water, strain, 
and evaporate to a syrup. Dissolve this 
in four times its weight of cold water, filter, 
and evaporate to a soft extract. Dose, 
half an ounce or more daily. 

Ph. Germ. 



Liquid Extract of Couchgrass. 
R. Extract of couchgrass, 

three parts. 

Distilled water, one part. 

Dissolve. Pruss. Ph. 1846. 



TUSSILAGO. 

Coltsfoot. 

Coltsfoot is a small, perennial plant, with 
large, radical, cordate leaves, and flowers 
on simple, leafless scapes. It is the Tus- 
silago farfara, and is a native both of Europe 
and North America. 

Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. As- 

■fp-po ppcp 

Linn.' Sp. PI. 1214. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
393. 

The whole herb is used, but the leaves 
and flowers should be preferred. The latter 
have an agreeable smell; the former are 
inodorous, but have a rough, bitterish, 
mucilaginous taste. Both are demulcent, 
and have been much used in pectoral affec- 
tions. 



R 



Decoction of Coltsfoot. 

Flowers of coltsfoot, one ounce. 
Water, two pints. 

Boil down to a pint, and strain. Beasley. 
Dose, a wineglassful'. 



Compound Decoction of Coltsfoot. 

R. Flowers of coltsfoot, six ounces. 

Figs, 

two ounces. 

Jujubes, 

Water, 
Boil down one-third, adding 

Liquorice root, two ounces. 

Strain. As a demulcent drink. Taddei. 



twelve pints. 



R 



Syrup of Coltsfoot. 

Flowers of coltsfoot, one ounce. 

Boiling water, ten ounces. 

Macerate for six hours, express, strain, and 
add 

Sugar, nineteen ounces. 

Make syrup. Paris Codex. 



XL 



ULMUS CAMPESTRIS. 
Elm Bark. 

This is a large tree, a native of Europe, 
having strong, spreading branches, and a 
rough, cracked bark. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. 
Ulmaceae. 

Linn. Sp, PI. 327. Lindley, Flor. Med. 
307. 



The part used is the inner bark ; this is 
thin, tough, of a brownish-yellow color, ino- 
dorous, of a mucilaginous, slightly astringent 
taste. It is demulcent, and somewhat as- 
tringent, and also acts as an alterative. 



R. 



Decoction of Elm Bark. 
Elm bark, cut in small pieces, 

two ounces and a half. 



576 



TJLMUS FTJLVA. — UVA URSI 



Distilled water, twenty ounces. 

Boil for ten minutes, and strain. Brit. Ph. 
From four to six fl. ounces, two or three 
times a day, in cutaneous affections. 



Compound Infusion of Elm Bark. 
R. Elm bark, 



each, two 

drachms. 



one pint. 



Burdock root, 
Dock root, 
Bittersweet, 
Fumitory, 
Boiling water, 
Infuse for four hours, strain, and add 
Syrup of sarsaparilla, 

one fl. ounce. 

To be taken in twenty-four hours, in di- 
vided doses, in chronic cutaneous diseases. 

Cadet. 



Compound Decoction of Elm Bark. 

R. Elm bark, two and a half ounces. 
Liquorice root, ) each 
Sassafras, I ^ A hm _ 

Gruaiacum chips, ) 
Mezereon, twenty grains. 

Water. sufficient 



to obtain twenty fl. ounces. 



Jeffrey. 



ULMUS FULVA. 
Slippery Elm. 

A very lofty tree, found in the United 
States, especially west of the mountains, 
growing in dry, elevated situations. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Ul- 
maceae. 

Mich. N. Am. Sylv. iii. 89. 

The inner bark is the part used. This is 
in long, flat strips, of a tawny color on the 
outer surface, and reddish on the inner, of 
a peculiar, though feeble odor, and a muci- 
laginous taste. It is a good demulcent, and 
is much used in diseases of the mucous 
membranes. It is also very nutritious. 



Mucilage of Slippery Elm Bark. 
R. Slippery elin bark, sliced, 

one troy on nee. 
Boiling water, one pint, 

Macerate for two hours, and strain. 

U. S. Ph. 
To be used freely as a demulcent. 



Cataplasm of Slippery Elm Bark. 

R. Ground slippery elm bark, at will. 
Hot water, sufficient. 

Make a cataplasm. A soothing applica- 
tion to irritable ulcers, etc. 



UYA URSI. 
Uva Ursi Bearberry. 

TTva Ursi is the leaves of Arctostaphylos 
uva ursi, a small, evergreen shrub, inhabit- 
ing the northern parts of both continents, 
and the high mountains in more southern 
latitudes. 

Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Eri- 
caceae. 

Sprengel, ii. 287. Griffith, Med. Bot. 425. 

The leaves, when dried, have a somewhat 
hay-like smell ; their taste is astringent and 
bitterish. They are astringent and tonic, 
with some special action on the urinary 
organs. They are much used in diseases of 
the genito-urinary organs. Dose, in pow- 
der, from a scruple to a drachm, three or 
four times a day. 



Compound Powder of Uva Ursi. 
R. Powdered uva ursi, 

" Peruvian bark, 

each, two drachms. 
" opium, three grains. 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
twice a day, with lime water, in nephritic 
complaints, and as an antilithic. Ferriar. 

R. Powdered uva ursi, 

one drachm and a half. 
Bicarbonate of sodium, 

one drachm- 
Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, 
thrice a day, in diseases of the kidney and 
bladder. Ellis. 

R. Powdered uva ursi, half an ounce. 
" gum Arabic, 

two drachms. 

" 'jalap, one drachm. 

" sugar, half an ounce. 

Oil of orange-peel, six drops. 

Mix. Dose, one drachm, in nephritic colic. 

Quarin. 



Decoction of Uva Ursi. 

R. Uva Ursi, one tntyounce. 

Water, sufficient. 

Boil for fifteen minutes so as to obtain one 

pint, and strain. TJ. S. Ph. 

Brit. Ph. directs an infusion of uva ursi 
made with half an ounce of uva ursi and 
ten ounces of boiling water. 

Dose, from one to two fl. ounces, three or 
four times a day. 



Extract of Uva Ursi. 
R. Uva ursi, two pounds and a half. 



Boiling water, 



two gallons. 



Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down 



VALERIANA, 



577 



to a gallon, strain while hot, and evaporate 
to a proper consistence. Lond. Ph. 

Dose, five to thirty grains. 



Mixture of Uva Ursi. 
R. Uva ursi, one ounce and a half. 
Milfoil, one ounce. 

Water, three pints. 

Boil down to two pints, and add, at close, 
Liquorice, one ounce. 

Strain, and add 

Syrup of cinnamon, two ounces. 

To be taken in divided doses, in passive 

hemorrhages of lungs and bladder. 

Radius. 



Syrup of Uva Ursi. 
R. Uva ursi, eight ounces. 

Boiling water, two pints. 

Infuse the finely-bruised leaves in the water 



for three hours, put in a displacement filter, 
and add water sufficient to obtain two pints 
of infusion. Evaporate to one pint, and 
add two pounds (av.) of sugar, and make 
syrup. W. Procter. 



Fluid Extract of Uva Ursi. 
R. Uva ursi, in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troyounces. 

Glycerin, three fl. ounces. 

Water, five fl. ounces. 

Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 

Moisten the powder with half a pint of the 

mixed liquids, pack in a glass percolator, 

add the remaining mixture, and macerate 

for four days ; then, with diluted alcohol, 

displace twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving 

the first fourteen, add to the remainder one 

fl. ounce of glycerin, evaporate to two fl. 

ounces, and mix with reserved portion. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, a teaspoonful. 



Y. 



VALERIANA. 

Valerian. 

Several species of Valerian are used in 
medicine, but the only one officinal is the 
Valeriana officinalis, a handsome, perennial, 
herbaceous plant, with white or rose-colored 
flowers, in terminal corymbs. 

Sex. Syst. Triand. monog. Nat. Syst. Va- 
lerianacea?. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 45. Griffith, Med. Bot. 384. 

The part used is the root ; this consists of 
many long, slender fibres, arising from a 
tuberculated rhizome; the color is yellowish 
or brownish ; the odor is strong and pecu- 
liar, and the taste is bitter and aromatic, 
It is an active antispasmodic, and is much 
used in nervous diseases. The dose is from 
half a drachm to a drachm, two or three 
times a day. 



R 



Compound Powder of Valerian. 
Powdered valerian, one drachm. 
" orange leaves, 

one scruple. 
Chloride of ammonium, two grains. 
Oil of cajeput, four drops. 

Mix. A tablespoonful four times a day, in 
hot tea. In epilepsy. Niemann. 

37 



R. Powdered valerian, 
Oxide of zinc, 
Musk, 



one ounce. 

one scruple. 

ten prams. 



Mix. 



As an antispasmodic, in teaspoonful 
Brera. 



R. Powdered valerian, one scruple. 
Aromatic powder, ten grains. 

Mix. To be taken three or four times a 
day. In hysteria, hemicrania, chlorosis, 
etc. A. T. Thomson. 



Bolus of Valerian and Iron. 
R. Powdered valerian, one drachm. 

Carbonate of iron, ten grains. 

Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. 
Mix, and make bolus. One, three times a 
day, as antispasmodic. Ellis. 

Bolus of Valerian and Sulphate of 
Potassium. 

R. Powdered valerian, 

two drachms and a half. 
Sulphate of potassium, 

eighteen grains. 

Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. 

Mix, and make eighteen boluses. Cadet. 



578 



VALERIANA 



Compound Pills of Valerian. 

R. Powdered valerian, half a drachm. 

Castor, 

Oxide of zinc, each, one scruple. 
Mix, and make eighteen pills. Three, 
thrice a day. Dupuytren. 



Electuary of Valerian. 

R. Powdered valerian, 

" orange leaves, 

each, six drachms. 

Syrup of wormwood, sufficient. 

Mix. Two or three teaspoonfuls a day. 

Swediaur. 

R. Powdered valerian, two ounces. 
" Peruvian bark, 

half an ounce. 
Carbonate of ammonium, 

two drachms. 

Ginger syrup, sufficient. 

Mix. Dose, a drachm every hour or two, 

in periodic hemicrania. Donald Monro. 



Distilled Water of Valerian. 
R. Valerian, bruised, one part. 

Distil with sufficient water, until ten parts 



have been obtained. 



Ph. Germ. 



Infusion of Valerian. 
R. Valerian, bruised, 

half a troyounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, 
and strain. U. S. Ph. 

This may also be prepared by displacing 
the valerian in powder No. 40 with water. 
The infusion of Brit. Ph. represents twelve 
grains of valerian in each fl. ounce. Paris 
Codex directs one part of valerian to one 
hundred parts of boiling water. Dose, two 
fl. ounces, three or four times a day. 



Compound Infusion of Valerian. 

R. Valerian, one ounce and a half. 
Decoction of Peruvian bark, 

two pints. 
Make ;in infusion, strain, and add 

Syrup of chamomile, 

one fl. ounce and a half. 

Camphor, twenty grains. 

.Mix. One to two fl. ounces, three, times ;i 

day. Saunders. 



Tincture of Valerian. 
R. Valerian, in powder, 

No. 50, four troyounces. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement two pints. 

U. S. Ph. 

Tincture of valerian of Brit. Ph. is of 
very nearly the same strength; that of 
Paris Codex is made by displacing five 
parts of tincture from one part of valerian 
with 60 per cent, alcohol ; that of Ph. Germ. 
corresponds with the latter. 

Dose, from one to four fl. drachms. 



Ethereal Tincture of Valerian 

R. Coarsely-powdered 
valerian, 
Spirit of ether, 



one part, 
five parts. 



Macerate for eight days, and filter. Dose, 
thirty to sixty drops. Ph. Germ. 



Ammoniated Tincture of Valerian. 

R. Valerian, in powder, 

No. 50, four troyounces. 

Aromatic spirit of ammonia, 

two pints. 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. This may also be made by displace- 
ment. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. drachms, in milk, or 
some mucilaginous fluid. 



Ammoniated Tincture of Valerian 
and Castor. 

R. Ammoniated tincture of valerian, 
Tincture of castor, 

each, two fl. drachms. 

Camphor water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. A tablespoonful, in muscae volitantes. 

Ware. 



Compound Ammoniated Tincture of 
Valerian. 

R. Valerian, one ounce. 

Cloves, 

Mace, each, one drachm. 

Lemon-peel, 

one drachm and a half. 
Aromatic spirit of ammonia, 

twenty-four fl. ounces. 

Macerate for a week, express, and filter. 
Dose, a half to one fl. drachm. Van Mons. 



VALERIANA, 



579 



Compound Tincture of Valerian. 

R. Valerian, 

Castor, each, two ounces. 

Saffron. one ounce. 

Peppermint water, 

Alcohol, each, twenty fl. ounces. 
Macerate for a week, express, and filter. 
Dose, a half to one fl. drachm. Wirt. Ph. 



Wine of Valerian. 

R. Valerian, three ounces. 

Alcohol, 60 pr. ct., six ounces. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, and add 
Good white wine, 

one hundred ounces. 
Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 
A spoonful, as may be required. 

Paris Codex. 



Syrup of Valerian. 

R. Bruised valerian, ten ounces. 

Boiling water, sixty ounces. 

Make an infusion with forty ounces of the 
water, express, and filter ; treat the residue 
with the remainder of the water, express 
and filter enough to obtain with the first 
portion, forty-three ounces ; to this add 

Distilled valerian water, 

ten ounces. 

Sugar, one hundred ounces. 

Dissolve in a covered vessel, by means of 
a water-bath. Paris Codex. 



Mixture of Valerian and Ammonia. 

R. Powdered valerian, one scruple. 

Carbonate of ammonium, 

ten grains. 

Cinnamon water, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. As a draught, every fourth hour, in 
nervous headache, etc. Ellis. 



Mixture of Valerian and Hoffmann's 

Anodyne. 
R. Valerian, six drachms. 

Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 
Make an infusion, strain, and add 

Cinnamon water, two fl. ounces, 
Hoffmann's anodyne, 

two fl. drachms. 

Syrup, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. A spoonful, as required. Foy. 



Tincture of Valerian and Hoffmann's 
Anodyne. 

R. Tincture of valerian, 
Hoffmann's anodyne, 

each, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. A teaspoonful, as may be required. 

Ellis. 

R. Tincture of valerian, 
Hoffmann's anodyne, 

each, half a fl. drachm. 

Tincture of hyoscyamus, 

twenty minims. 

Camphor water, ten fl. drachms. 

Mix. In hysteria. Ashwell. 



Oil of Valerian. 

R. Bruised valerian, at will. 

Water, sufficient. 

Distil, and separate the oil from the pro- 
duct. Dose, three to five drops. 



Mixture of Oil of Valerian and 
Ammonia. 

R. Oil of valerian, eight drops. 

Aromatic spirit of 

ammonia, one fl. drachm. 

Water, four fl. ounces. 

Sugar, two drachms. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every two or three 
hours. Ellis. 



Extract of Valerian. 

R. Valerian, in powder, 

No. 60, twelve troy ounces. 

Alcohol, one pint. 

Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement, using the alcohol 
and afterwards diluted alcohol, three pints 
of tincture, evaporate the first pint spon- 
taneously to three fl. ounces, and the re- 
maining two pints by means of a water- 
bath to a syrupy consistence ; mix the two 
liquids, and evaporate at or below 120° to 
an extract. TJ. S. Ph. 

Ph. Germ, directs to exhaust with di- 
luted alcohol, and Paris Codex with 60 pr. 
ct. alcohol. 



Fluid Extract of Valerian. 

R. Valerian, in powder, 

No. 60, sixteen troy ounces. 

Stronger alcohol, sufficient. 

Moisten the powder with five fl. ounces of 

the alcohol, pack firmly in a percolator, add 

eleven fl. ounces of stronger alcohol, and 



580 



Y AXILLA. — VEE ATRIA 



macerate for four days; then displace 
twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first 
fourteen, evaporate the remainder to two 
fl. ounces, and mix with the reserved por- 
tion. Dose, thirty minims. U. S. Ph. 



YANILLA. 
Yanilla. 

Under this name are included the seed 
pods of several species of Vanilla, but that 
most generally known is the V. aromatica, 
a climbing plant, a native of Mexico and 
South America. 

Sex. Syst. Gynand. monand. Nat. Syst. 
Orchidaceae 

Swartz, Occident, iii. 1518. Flore Medi- 
cale, vi. 345. 

The part used is the pod ; this is long, 
slender, cylindrical, compressed, of a black- 
ish-brown color, formed of two valves, and 
filled with a brown pulp, containing a great 
quantity of small, blackish, shining seeds. 
The odor is peculiar but pleasant, the taste 
aromatic, hot, and pungent. It is princi- 
pally used in this country for flavoring pur- 
poses, but is esteemed by European writers 
as an aromatic stimulant, increasing the 
power of the muscular system, and exciting 
the sexual feelings. It has been given in 
hysteria, rheumatism, impotence, etc. The 
dose is from eight to twelve grains. 



Vanilla Sugar. 
R. Vanilla, one part. 

Sugar, nine parts. 

Triturate together until a uniform powder 
is obtained. Ph. Germ. 



Vanilla Lozenges. 

R. Yanilla, one ounce. 

Sugar, seven ounces. 

Gum tragacanth, half a drachm. 

Water, half an ounce. 

Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. 

B6ral. 



Tincture of Vanilla. 
R. Yanilla, one part. 

Alcohol, sp. gr. 0.892, five parts. 
Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. 
Dose, forty drops. J'h. Germ. 

The tincture of Paris Codex is one-half 
this strength. 



Spirit of Vanilla. 

R. Yanilla, one part. 

A Icohol, 

Water, cadi, twelve parts. 

Mix, and dktil twelve parts. Soubeiran. 



Vanilla Arrowroot. 
R. Milk, fifteen ounces. 

Sugar, ^ 

Yanilla sugar, V- each, one ounce. 

Arrowroot, ) 
Mix, and boil, constantly stirring. Biral. 



Vanilla Milk. 
R. Milk, sixteen ounces. 

Yanilla sugar, half an ounce. 

Dissolve, and strain. Be'ral. 



Essence of Vanilla. 

R. Yanilla, nine ounces. 

Spirit of abelmoschus 

(ambrette), two pints. 

Cloves, thirty grains. 

Musk, seven grains. 

Used as a perfume, and for flavoring. 

Cooley. 

Fluid Extract of Vanilla. 
R. Yanilla, one ounce. 

Sugar, three ounces. 

Syrup, 

Water, each, half a pint. 

Deodorized alcohol, one fl. ounce. 
Cut the vanilla in thin, transverse slices, 
triturate it with the sugar, till reduced to 
a moderately-fine powder, add the syrup 
with two ounces of the water, put the mix- 
ture into a strong pint-bottle, cork, and tie 
it over ; place it in a vessel of water, which 
is then to be heated to the boiling point, 
and kept there for half an hour ; remove the 
cork,' and strain. The residue is then to be 
mixed with the remainder of the water and 
the alcohol, the mixture returned to the 
bottle, and heated as before, strained, and 
mixed with the first product. W. Procter. 



YERATRIA. 

Yeratria. 

R. Cevadilla, in powder, 

No. 50, twenty-four troyounces. 
Alcohol, three gallons. 

Sulphuric acid, ] 

Water of ammonia, j , 
Purified animal char- }> 

coal, 
Magnesia, 

Digest the cevadilla in a gallon of the al- 
cohol, in a retort with a receiver attached, 
for four hours, and pour off the liquor. To 
the residue, add another gallon of alcohol, 



sufficient. 



VERATRIA. 



581 



together with the distilled portion, digest 
for an hour, and pour off the liquor ; repeat 
a third time. Express, mix, and strain the 
liquors, and distil off the alcohol on a water- 
bath. Boil the residue three or four times 
in water acidulated with sulphuric acid, 
mix and strain the liquors, and evaporate 
to the consistence of syrup. Add magnesia 
in slight excess, shake frequently, express, 
and wash residue. Repeat expression and 
washing two or three times. Dry the resi- 
due, digest it with gentle heat several times 
in alcohol, straining after each digestion. 
Distil off alcohol from the mixed liquors, 
boil the residue for fifteen minutes in water, 
with a little sulphuric acid and purified 
animal charcoal, and strain. Thoroughly 
wash the residue, mix the washings with 
the strained liquor, evaporate gently to con- 
sistence of syrup, add as much solution of 
ammonia as will precipitate the veratria, 
separate this, and dry it. U. S. Ph. 

Veratria is a violent and active poison. 
It is given internally in minute doses, but 
is more generally used externally, in gout,' 
rheumatism, nervous affections, etc. The 
dose is from one-twelfth to one-sixth of a 
grain. 



Pills of Veratria. 

R. Veratria, half a grain. 

Syrup of gum, 
Powdered gum Arabic, each, 

sufficient. 

Mix, and make six pills. Dose, one, to be 
increased to three. Magendie. 



Pills of Veratria and Henbane. 

R. Veratria, one grain. 

Extract of henbane, 
Powdered liquorice, each, 

twelve grains. 

Mix, and make twelve pills. One, thrice 
a day. Turnbull. 



Tincture of Veratria. 



R. Veratria, 
Alcohol, 



four grains, 
one fl. ounce. 



Dissolve. Dose, from ten to twenty drops 
in a wineglassful of water, in dropsy, gout, 
rheumatism, etc. Magendie. 



Lotion of Veratria. 

R. Veratria, 

one scruple to one drachm. 
Alcohol, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. As an embrocation ; to be used with 
caution. Turnbull 



Glycerite of Veratria. 

R. Veratria, twenty grains. 

Alcohol, six fl. drachms. 

Glycerin, two fl. drachms. 

Dissolve, and mix. Waring. 



Liniment of Veratria. 

R. Veratria, eight grains. 

Alcohol, 

Soap liniment, each, 

four fl. drachms. 
Mix well. Brande. 



Compound Veratria Liniment. 

R. Veratria, five grains. 

Tincture of aconite root, 

four fl. drachms. 
Chloroform, ninety minims. 

Camphorated soap liniment, 

twelve fl. drachms. 
Mix. Used under the name of Buckler's 
neuralgia liniment. Maryland Coll. Ph. 



Ointment of Veratria. 

R. Veratria, twenty grains. 

Lard, one troyounce. 

Rub the veratria with the lard gradually 

added, and mix thoroughly. U. S. Ph. 

R. Veratria, eight grains. 

Prepared lard, one ounce. 

Olive oil, half a fl. drachm. 

Rub the veratria and oil together, then 
mix thoroughly with the lard. Brit. Ph. 
A piece about the size of a hazelnut to be 
rubbed for five or fifteen minutes over the 
seat of the disease, in rheumatism, etc. 



one scruple, 
one drachm. 



R. Veratria, 
Rub with 

Olive oil, 
Add 

Spermaceti ointment, 

seven drachms. 
Mix. As the last. Turnbull. 



Ointment of Veratria and Opium. 

R. Veratria, half a drachm. 

Powdered opium, one drachm. 

Lard, one ounce and a half. 

Mix. As a friction, in rheumatism. 

Dunglison. 



582 yeeatkij: mukias. — ^eeateum album. 



Ointment of Veratria and Morphia. 
R. Veratria, 

Sulphate of morphia, 

each, ten grains. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. To be rubbed into the perineum 

thrice daily, in incontinence of urine of 

adults. Kennard. 



Ointment of Veratria and Iodine. 
R. Yeratria, one scruple. 

Iodide of potassium, 

half a drachm. 

Lard, one ounce. 

Mix. Jourdan. 



VERATRIA MURIAS. 

Muriate or Yeratria. 

at will, 
sufficient 



R. Yeratria, 
Muriatic acid, 



to saturate ; filter, evaporate, and crystal- 
lize. Giordano. 



VERATRIA NITRAS. 

Nitrate of Yeratria. 

YERATRIJE SULPHAS. 

Sulphate op Yeratria. 

Are made in the same manner, using the 
appropi-iate acids. Dose of each, about one- 
eighth of a grain. 



Solution of Sulphate of Veratria. 

R. Sulphate of veratria, one grain. 
Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. Dose, one to two fl. drachms, in 
a mixture, as a substitute for the wine of 
colchicum or the Eau m6dicinale. 

Cadet. 



YERATRUM ALBUM. 
White Hellebore. 

A perennial, herbaceous plant, with a 
fleshy, fusiform rhizome, having numerous 
fibres, It is a native of the mountainous 
parts of Europe. 

Sex. 8yst. Polygam. moncec. Nat. Syst. 
MelanthacesB. 

Linn.Bp. PI. 1479. Grifflth,Med. Bot.643. 

Tin- rhizome, which is tin; officinal part, 
is in cylindrical, somewhat conical pieces, 
with numerous radicles; these are corru- 
gated, and of ablackish-brown color. Their 



odor is slight, and their taste at first sweet- 
ish, and then bitter and acrid. White hel- 
lebore is an active irritant, causing violent 
vomiting and purging. Externally, it acts 
like the other powerful acrids. Internally, 
in small doses, it has been used in many 
diseases ; but it is now principally employed 
externally in the treatmeut of cutaneous 
affections, etc. Dose, from a grain to two 
grains, gradually increased. 



Powder of "White Hellebore. 

R. Powdered white hellebore, 

three grains. 
" starch, one scruple. 

Mix. As an errhine in amaurosis and 
lethargic affections. Radius. 



Cephalic Snuff. 
(Schneeberger.) 

R. White hellebore, one ounce. 

Orris root, 
Bayberry bark, 

each, half an ounce. 

Starch, six ounces. 

Oil of cloves, ten drops. 

Mix the fine powders thoroughly. 

Maryland Coll. Ph. 



Decoction of White Hellebore. 
R. White hellebore, ten drachms. 

Distilled water, two pints. 

Boil down to a pint, and add 

Rectified spirit, three fl. ounces, 

and strain. Lond. Ph. 1836. 

As a wash, in cutaneous diseases. 



Wine of White Hellebore. 
R. Bruised white hellebore, 

four ounces. 
Wine, one pint. 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 
filter. U. S. Ph. 1850. 

Dose, ten minims, gradually increased, 
two or three times a day, in gout and rheu- 
matism. 



Tincture of White Hellebore. 
R. Bruised white hellebore, 

four ounces. 
Alcohol (80 per ct.), 

twenty ounces. 
Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. 
Paris Codex. 
Dose, the same as of the wine, and in 
same cases. 



VERATRUM VIRIDE. 



583 



Ointment of White Hellebore. 
R. Powdered white hellebore, 

two ounces. 

Lard, eight ounces. 

Oil of lemon, twenty minims. 

Mix. U. S. Ph. 1850. 

As a friction in itch, etc. To be used 

with caution on children. 



Compound Ointment of White 
Hellebore. 

R. Powdered white hellebore, 

two ounces. 
" nitre, one drachm. 

Soft soap, 

Sulphur, each, six ounces. 

Lard, one pound and a half. 

Mix. As a friction in itch. Phoebus. 



YERATRUM YIRIDE. 
American or Green Hellebore. 

A tall, perennial plant, with a thick, 
fleshy rhizome, having a tunieated top, and 
numerous fibrous radicles. It is a native 
of the United States, growing in damp 
meadows and wet situations. 

Sex. Syst. Polygam. moncec. Nat. Syst. 
Melanthaceae. 

Aiton, Hort. Kev. iii. 422. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 643. 

The root, in a fresh state, has an unpleas- 
ant odor, which disappears on drying. Its 
taste is bitter and acrid. Its properties are 
similar to those of the white hellebore, but 
it does not purge, and rapidly reduces the 
frequency and force of the pulse. Dose, 
one grain, gradually increasing. 



Tincture of American Hellebore. 
R. Green hellebore, in coarse 

powder, four ounces. 

Rectified spirit, sufficient. 

Obtain by maceration and displacement 
one pint (twenty fl. ounces). Dose, five to 
twenty minims. Brit. Ph. 

The tincture of Ph. Germ, is of nearly 
the same strength. 

R. American hellebore, 

in powder, No. 50, sixteen 

troyounces. 
Alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by percolation two pints. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, for an adult, eight drops, every 
three hours. Each dose to be increased 
one or two drops, until nausea, vomiting, 
or a reduction of the frequency of the pulse 
takes place ; then to be reduced to one- 
half in all cases. Norwood. 



bruised, 
White wine, 



Wine of American Hellebore. 
R. American hellebore, 

six ounces. 

fourteen fl. ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, two ounces. 

Macerate for fourteen days, express, and 

filter. Dose, as of tincture. Osgood. 

The recent root should be used in the 

two preparations of Dr. Osgood. 



Fluid Extract of American Hellebore. 
R. American hellebore, 

in powder, No. 60, sixteen 

troyounces. 

Stronger alcohol, sufficient. 

Moisten the powder with five fl. ounces of 
the alcohol, pack firmly in a percolator, 
add eleven fl. ounces of stronger alcohol, 
and macerate for four days ; then displace 
twenty-four fl. ounces, reserving the first 
fourteen, evaporate the remainder to two 
fl. ounces, and mix with reserved portion. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, two to five drops. 



Extract of American Hellebore. 
R. Fresh root of American 

hellebore, at will. 

Bruise well, express the juice, and evapo- 
rate to proper consistence, by a gentle 
heat, or by exposure to the sun. Dose, 
from a fourth to half a grain. 



Ointment of American Hellebore. 
R. Powdered extract of 

American hellebore, one drachm. 

Simple cerate, one ounce. 

Oil of lemon, three minims. 

Mix. 



Pills of American Hellebore. 
R. Extract of American 

hellebore, ten grains. 

Opium, five grains. 

Soap, fifteen grains. 

Mucilage of gum 

Arabic, sufficient. 

Mix, and make thirty pills. One, every 
three or four hours, in rheumatism, etc. 

Osgood. 

R. Extract of American 

hellebore, twelve grains. 

Calomel, six grains. 

Mix, and make six pills, one every two or 

three hours, carefully watching its effects, 

in pericarditis. Waring — Curran. 



584 



VIOLA. — WIKTEEA 



Mixture of American Hellebore. 
R. Tincture of American 

hellebore, one part. 
" bloodroot, 

Camphorated tincture 

of opium, each, two parts. 

Mix. Dose, thirty to sixty minims, in 
catarrh. Osgood. 



YIOLA. 

YlOLET. 

Two species of violet, viz., V. pedata and 
V. odorata, are sometimes used in medicine. 
The former is indigenous to this country, 
and is officinal in the U. S. Ph. The latter 
is a small, perennial plant, with fragrant, 
blue flowers, a native of Europe, but gene- 
rally cultivated in our gardens. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. 

Linn. Sp. PI. 1324. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
140. 

The flowers of both species are of a blue 
color, almost inodorous when dried, and of 
a slightly bitter taste. They are principally 
used as a demulcent, and as a laxative for 
infants. The rhizome contains an alkaloid 
similar in its properties to emetia. 



Conserve of Violets. 

R. Yiolet flowers, fresh, one part. 
Sugar, three parts. 



Rub to "ether. 



Soubeiran. 



Syrup of Violets. 
R. Fresh violet petals, 

one hundred parts. 
Wash with lukewarm water; then infuse 
for twelve hours in a tin vessel with 

Boiling water, sufficient 

to obtain 212 parts of clear infusion, in 
which dissolve 400 parts of sugar. 

Paris Codex. 
A gentle laxative for infants, in doses of 
one to two fl. drachms. 



Honey of Violets. 

R. Expressed juice of violets, 

Honey, equal parts. 

Evaporate to a proper consistence. 

Soubeiran. 



Oil of Violets. 

R. Fresh violet flowers, fifteen ounces. 
Almond oil, five pounds. 

Infuse, with three equal quantities of the 
flowers, and strain. Used as an article of 
perfumery. Taddei. 

R. Powdered orris root, at will. 

Exhaust with ether, distil to about one- 
fourth, mix with almond oil, and evaporate 
the ether spontaneously. Dorvault. 



w, 



WINTERA. 
Winter's Bark. 

This is derived from an evergreen tree, 
found in the southern parts of South 
America, the Drimys Winteri, and also from 
other species, growing in Peru, etc. 

Sex. Syst. Polyand. tetragyn. Nat. Syst. 
Mii^noliacefe. 

Porster, Gen. 84. Griffith, Med. Bot. 100. 

The bari is in quilled pieces of some 

length ; of a pale, yellowish, or dull, red- 
dish gray, with darker spots externally, and 



of a dark cinnamon internally. It has an 
aromatic odor, and a warm, spicy taste. 
It is a stimulating aromatic tonic. The 
dose, in powder, is about half a drachm. 



Tincture of Winter's Bark. 
R. Bruised Winter's bark, one part. 
Diluted alcohol, eight parts. 

Digest with one-half of the alcohol, and 
repeat with the other. Unite the two 
tinctures, and filter. 



SANTHOKEHIZA. — ZIIsTCI ACETAS. 



585 



X. 



XANTHORRHIZA. 

Yellow-Root. 

The root of Xanthorrhiza apiifolia, a plant 
indigenous to the United States, is occasion- 
ally employed in medicine. 

Sex. Syst. Pentand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Ea- 
n lino iil?i pffip 

Willd. Sp. PI. i. 1568. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
96. 

The root and hark of this little shruh are 
possessed of tonic properties, and may be 
used in cases where the pure bitters are in- 
dicated. 



Infusion of Yellow-Root. 

R . Bruised yellow-root, one ounce. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate in a covered vessel for two hours, 

and strain. Dose, as a tonic, one fl. ounce. 

Thomas. 



Extract of Yellow-Root. 
R. Coarsely-powdered yellow-root, 

eight ounces. 

Diluted alcohol, two pints. 

Moisten the powder with six fl. ounces of 

diluted alcohol, and macerate twenty-four 

hours; then transfer to a percolator, and 



add gradually the rest of the diluted alco- 
hol. When this has passed, continue the 
percolation with water until the powder is 
exhausted. Distil off the alcohol, and 
evaporate to the consistence of an extract. 

Thomas. 
Dose, five grains. 



XANTHOXYLUM. 

Prickly-Ash. 

The bark of Xanthoxylum fraxineum, a 
shrub about ten feet high, growing in the 
Middle and Western States, is recognized 
in the U. S. Ph. 

Sex. Syst. Dicec. pentand. Nat. Syst. Xan- 
thoxylacese. 

The bark is possessed of stimulant and 
irritant properties. It is more used in do- 
mestic than in regular practice. 



Decoction of Prickly- Ash. 
R. Contused bark of prickly-ash, 

one ounce. 
Water, three pints. 

Boil down to a quart. 

One pint to be taken, in divided doses, 
during the twenty-four hours, in chronic 
rheumatism. G. B. Wood. 



z. 



ZINCUM. 

Zinc. 

ZINCI ACETAS. 

Acetate of Zinc. 

R. Commercial oxide of 

zinc, four troyounees. 

Acetic acid, seventeen fl. ounces. 
Distilled water, ten fl. ounces. 

Digest the oxide in the mixed liquids for 
half an hour, heat to boiling, filter while hot, 
and crystallize. Acidulate mother liquor 
with acetic acid, evaporate to one-half, and 
again crystallize. Drain and dry the crys- 
tals. U. S. Ph. 
Used as an external application. 



Collyrium of Acetate of Zinc. 

R. Sulphate of zinc, 

Acetate of lead, each, six grains. 



Rose water, 
Mix, and filter. 



four fl. ounces. 

Ellis. 



R. Acetate of zinc, 

fifteen to thirtjr grains. 
Distilled water, twelve fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. Ware. 

R. Sulphate of zinc, one drachm. 
Acetate of lead, half a drachm. 
Camphor, one scruple. 

Rose water, twelve fl. ounces. 

Mix, and filter the solution. Spzelmann. 



586 



ZINCI CARBOXAS. — ZINCI CHLORIDUM. 



Injection of Acetate of Zinc. 

R. Acetate of zinc, eight grains. 

Rose water, four fl. ounces. 

Dissolve. In gonorrhoea. Ellis. 



Injection of Acetate of Zinc and Lead. 

R. Sulphate of zinc, six grains. 

Solution of subacetate of 

lead, thirty minims. 

Water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. By double decomposition acetate of 

zinc and some sulphate of lead are formed. 

A. Cooper. 



Lotion of Acetate of Zinc. 
R. Acetate of zinc, four scruples. 
Distilled vinegar, 

sixteen fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. Beral. 



Tincture of Acetate of Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, 

Acetate of potassium, 

each, one part. 

Rub together, and add 

Diluted alcohol, sixteen parts. 

Macerate for a week, stirring occasionally, 

and filter. Dub. Ph. 1826. 

As a collyrium and injection, properly 

diluted. 



ZINCI CARBONAS 

Carbonate of Zinc. 



Precipitated Carbonate of Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, 

Carbonate of sodium, 

each, twelve troyounces. 

Boiling water, one gallon. 

Dissolve the salts separately in four pints 
of water, and mix the solutions; wash the 
precipitated carbonate, first bydecantation, 
and afterwards on a filter; then press, and 
dry it. U. S. Ph. 



Cerate of Carbonate of Zinc. 
R. Precipitated carbonate of 

zinc, two troyounces. 

Simple ointment, ten troyounces. 

Mix them. U. S. Ph. 

Much used as a dressing to excoriations, 
Bhallow ulcerations, etc. 



Plaster of Carbonate of Zinc. 
R. Simple plaster, 

Powdered carbonate of zinc, 

each, two pounds. 

Yellow wax, five ounces. 

Suet, 
Turpentine, each, 

one ounce and a half. 
Melt, and mix thoroughly. Van Mons. 

R. Carbonate of zinc, 
White lead, each, 

one ounce and a half. 
Yellow wax, four ounces. 

Olive oil, six ounces. 

Melt the wax with the oil, and add the two 
powders, stirring well. To diminish a 
superabundant suppuration in ulcers. 

Cadet. 



ZINCI CHLORIDUM. 

Solution of Chloride of Zinc. 

R. Zinc, in small pieces, 

six troyounces. 
Nitric acid, 
Precipitated carbonate of zinc, 

each, two drachms and a half. 
Muriatic acid, sufficient. 

Add the zinc and muriatic acid together, in 
a glass vessel, and dissolve; strain, add the 
nitric acid, and evaporate to dryness. Dis- 
solve in five fl. ounces of distilled water, 
add the carbonate, let rest for twenty-four 
hours, filter, and add sufficient distilled 
water to make a pint. U. JS. Ph. 

The solution of Brit. Ph. is very nearly 
of the same strength. 

Chloride of Zinc. 

R. Evaporate a convenient quantity 
of solution of chloride of zinc 
to dryness, fuse, pour on a flat 
stone, and when it has congealed 
break the mass in pieces. 

U. S. Ph. 
Brit. Ph. requires the chloride of zinc to 
be moulded. 

R. Solution of chloride of 

barium, at will. 

Solution of sulphate of 
zinc, sufficient 

to precipitate sulphate of barium. Filter, 
and evaporate the fluid to obtain crystals of | 
chloride of zinc. Righini. 

Principally used externally, as a caustic! 
and stimulant; also given internally, in] 
very small doses, in the neuroses, etc. 



ZIXCI CYANIDUM 



Chloride of Zinc. 
[Disinfectant.) 
R. Granulated zinc, four pounds (av.). 
Muriatic acid, 

four pounds, or sufficient. 
"Water, two gallons two pints. 

Add the acid gradually to the zinc, iu a glass 
or porcelain vessel, till it is dissolved, taking 
care there is no excess of acid ; strain 
through a coarse cloth, and add the water. 
This contains one part of the chloride in 
twelve, and is of the strength of a disin- 
fectant. E. Parrish. 



Ethereal Tincture of Chloride of Zinc. 
R. Chloride of zinc, four drachms. 

Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 

Ether, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. Five drops every four hours, in a 
little sugar and water, gradually increasing 
the dose, in chorea, epilepsy, etc. 

Hvfeland. 



Lotion of Chloride of Zinc. 

R. Chloride of zinc, eight grains. 

Aloes, two scruples. 

Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. As an application to atonic and foul 
ulcers. Yogt. 



Injection of Chloride of Zinc. 
R. Liquid chloride of zinc, 

twenty-four drops. 

Water, four fl. ounces. 

Mix, and filter. A small quantity to be 

injected a short distance into the urethra, 

two or three times a day, in gleet. 

Gaudriot. 



Vaginal Suppository of Chloride of 
Zinc. 

R. Liquid chloride of zinc, five drops. 
Sulphate of morphia, half a grain. 

Mix with three drachms of the following 
paste : — 

Mucilage of tragacanth, six parts. 

White sugar, three parts. 

Starch, nine parts. 

Make a suppository. To be used every 
day, or every other day. Gaudriot. 



Canquoin's Paste of Chloride of Zinc. 

No. 1. 
R. Chloride of zinc, one part. 

Wheat flour, or sulphate 

of calcium, four parts. 

Water, sufficient 

to make a paste. Mix. 



No'. 2. 

Chloride of zinc, 
Wheat flour, 
Water, 



587 



. one part. 

three parts. 

sufficient. 



Mix. 



No. 3. 



R. Chloride of zinc, one part. 

Wheat flour, two parts. 

Water, sufficient. 

Mix. 

The chloride and flour are to be carefully 
and quickly mixed; add the water to half 
the quantity, so as to form a soft paste, and 
mix with this the rest of the powder. Form 
into cakes of half a line to four lines in 
thickness. To remain on twenty-four hours 
or more (six to ten are often sufficient). To 
produce an eschar in cancer, lupus, etc. 

Canquoin. 

R. Chloride of zinc, one part. 

Chloride of antimony, half a part. 
Flour, two and a half parts. 

Water, sufficient. 

To be mixed as above, so as to be moulded 
into any desired form. As a caustic, in 
nodulated cancerous tumors. Canquoin. 
Powdered opium may be added to any 
of the above, to mitigate the pain. 



ZINCI CYANIDTTM. 

Cyanide of Zinc. 

R. Sulphate of zinc, one part. 

Distilled water, ten parts. 

Dissolve; add 

Solution of pure cyanide 

of potassium, sufficient 

to form precipitate, being added by drops. 
Filter, wash the precipitate, and dry. 

Paris Codex. 
Used in spasmodic affections, etc., in 
doses of a twelfth to a half of a grain. 



Powder of Cyanide of Zinc. 

R. Cyanide of zinc, two grains. 

Magnesia, twenty grains. 

Powdered cinnamon, nine grains. 

Mix, and divide into six powders. One, 
every four hours, in nervous affections, etc. 

Guibourt. 
These are Henning's antispasmodic 
powders. 



583 ZI^CI FEEROCYAXIDUM. — ZINCI IODIDUM. 



B. 



Pills of Cyanide of Zinc. 
Cyanide of zinc, fifteen grains. 



Extract of liquorice, two drachms. 

Mix, and make sixty pills. One, three 
times a day. Kopp. 



ZES T CI FERROCYANIDTJM. 

Ferrocyanide op Zinc. 



R. Ferrocyanide of 
potassium, 
Sulphate of zinc, 



six parts, 
eight parts. 



Dissolve separately in warm water, add the 
solutions together ; collect the precipitate, 
wash it well, and dry. Ph. Germ. 

Given in doses of one grain, twice or 
thrice a day, gradually increasing the quan- 
tity, in nervous affections, nocturnal pains, 
etc. 



Powder of Ferrocyanide of Zinc. 

R. Ferrocyanide of zinc, six grains. 
Magnesia, four grains. 

Powdered cinnamon, three grains. 
Mix. Every four hours, in nervous affec- 
tions, cramp of the stomach, etc. Radius. 
The quantity of the salt of zinc is rather 
large, but it is thus ordered in various 
authors. 



Compound Pills of Ferrocyanide of 
Zinc. 

R. Ferrocyanide of *zinc, 

fifteen grains. 

Powdered valerian, half a drachm. 

Extract of valerian, sufficient. 

Mix, and make sixty pills. Two, morning 
and evening, in chorea. Rosenstiel. 

R. Ferrocyanide of zinc, ten grains. 
Magnesia, two scruples. 

Oil of valerian, twenty drops. 

Syrup of chamomile, five scruples. 
Powdered valerian, ten scruples. 

Mix, and make into throe-grain pills. Six, 
three times a day, gradually increasing. 

Vogt. 



Solution of Ferrocyanide of Zinc. 

R. Ferrocyanide of zinc, four grains. 

Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 

Mix. Dose, a tablespoon ful, four limes a 

day, in chorea. Radius. 



Mixture of Ferrocyanide of Zinc. 

R. Ferrocyanide of 

zinc, eight to twenty grains. 
Powdered gum Arabic, 

two drachms. 
Cherry water, three fl. ounces. 
Wine of opium, one fl. scruple. 
Cherry-laurel water, 

half a fl. ounce. 
Mix. As a collyrium, in scrofulous and 
rheumatic ophthalmia. Amnion. 



ZINC I IODIDUM. 

Iodide of Zinc. 

R. Iodine, one hundred and 

sevent}" parts. 
Powdered zinc, twenty parts. 

Heat in a matrass till the iodide sublimes. 

Magendie. 



R. Iodine, 

Powdered zinc, 



two parts. 

one part. 

Digest in a little water, and agitate till the 

solution is colorless. Evaporate with 

geutle heat. Beasley. 

Used externally. 



Ointment of Iodide of Zinc. 
R. Iodide of zinc, one drachm. 



Lard, 



one ounce. 



Mix. As a friction to tumors, etc. Ure. 



Collyrium of Iodide of Zinc. 

R. Iodide of zinc, four grains. 

Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. 



R 



Solution of Iodide of Zinc. 
Iodide of zinc, ten to thirty grains. 
Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 

Dissolve. To be applied, by means of a 
sponge tied to a quill, to enlarged tonsils 
to bP followed, after some days' perseve- 
rance, by a saturated solution applied by a 
camel's hair brush. T. Ross. 



Concentrated Solution of Iodide of 

Zinc. 

R. Iodine, four drachms. 

Granulated zinc, one drachm. 

Water, fifteen drachms. 

Digest until colorless, and filter. Dorvault. 



ZINCI LACTAS. ZINCI OXIDUM, 



589 



Syrup of Iodide of Zinc. 
R. Iodine, four drachms. 

Powdered zinc, two drachms. 

Water, four fl. ounces. 

Agitate till colorless ; then filter into 

Syrup, twelve fl. ounces. 

Mix. A. T. Thomson. 

R. Iodine, twelve drachms two 

scruples. 

Finely granulated zinc, one ounce. 

Sugar, one pound (avoir.). 

Water, nine fl. ounces. 

Add the zinc and iodine to the water in 
an evaporating dish, and heat gently until 
the solution becomes colorless. Place the 
sugar in a wide-mouthed bottle, filter the 
hot solution into it, and add sufficient water 
to make a pint of syrup. Dissolve the 
sugar by a gentle heat. 

Each fl. ounce contains one drachm of 
iodide of zinc. A. B. Taylor. 

R. Concentrated solution 

of iodide of zinc, one part. 

Simple syrup, ninety-nine parts. 

Mix. Deschamps. 



ZINCI LACTAS. 

Lactate of Zinc. 

R. Lactic acid, a convenient quantity. 

Neutralize with recently precipitated oxide 
or carbonate of zinc, and crystallize. 

Paris Codex. 

R. Sulphate of zinc, nine parts. 

Lactate of calcium, ten parts. 

Mix, boil with some water, cool, filter, and 
crystallize. Dorvault. 

This salt requires sixty parts of cold, and 
six of boiling water for solution. Recom- 
mended by Herpin in epilepsy. Dose, two 
grains, thrice daily, in the form of pill, and 
gradually increased to three grains. 



ZINCI NITRAS. 

Nitrate op Zinc. 

R. Granulated zinc, at will. 

Nitric acid, sufficient. 

Dilute the acid with an equal bulk of water, 
dissolve the zinc, heat until a slight precipi- 
tate of oxynitrate is formed, dilute with its 
bulk of boiling water, cool, and filter ; then 
evaporate ac a gentle heat until it congeals 
on cooling ; break into pieces, and drain. 

Lefort. 



Paste of Nitrate of Zinc. 
R. Nitrate of zinc, ten parts. 

Water, 
Wheaten flower, each, five parts. 

Dissolve the nitrate in the water, and gra- 
dually add the flour. Lefort. 
Recommended by Clement and Desgrange 
as a serviceable caustic, remaining soft, 
without contracting or spreading at the 



ZINCI OXIDUM. 

Oxide of Zinc. 

R. Precipitated carbonate of zinc, 

one pound. 

Expose to a low red heat in a shallow ves- 
sel, so as to drive off the carbonic acid. 

U. S. Ph. 

Tonic and antispasmodic, and given in 

nervous and spasmodic affections, in doses 

of two to ten grains and upwards, several 

times a day. Also used externally. 



Powder of Oxide of Zinc. 



R. Oxide of zinc, 
White sugar, 



three grains. 
five grains. 



Mix. One powder every four hours. Use- 
ful in gastric or spasmodic cough. 

A. T. Thomson. 



Compound Powder of Oxide of Zinc. 

R. Oxide of zinc, six grains. 

Extract of henbane, one grain. 



Oil of valerian. 



one drop. 



Powdered valerian, half a drachm. 

Mix, and divide into nine powders. One, 
thrice a day, in nervous disorders. 

Radius. 

R. Oxide of zinc, one drachm. 

Powdered opium, ten grains. 

" Peruvian bark, 

" fennel, each, one ounce. 

Mix, and divide into fifty powders. One, 
every two hours, in hooping-cough. 

Augustin. 



Powder of Oxide of Zinc and 
Colombo. 

R. Oxide of zinc, four grains. 

Powdered Colombo, thirty grains. 

Mix, and divide into four powders. One 
every three hours, in dyspepsia. Brera. 



590 



ZINCI SULPHAS 



Pills of Oxide of Zinc. 

R. Oxide of zinc, two scruples. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and make ten pills. One, three or 
four times a day, in epilepsy, chorea, nerv- 
ous headache, etc. Ellis. 



Compound Pills of Oxide of Zinc. 

R. Oxide of zinc, five grains. 

Extract of cascarilla, six grains. 

Syrup of ginger, sufficient. 

Mix, and make three pills ; one to be taken 
three times a day, in epilepsy. Ainslie. 

R. Oxide of zinc, one scruple. 

Powdered valerian, thirty grains. 

Castor, four grains. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and make twelve pills. To be taken 
during the day, in epilepsy, etc. Foy. 

R. Oxide of zinc, 

Extract of hyoscyamus, 

each, two scruples. 

Mix, and make forty pills. Dose, two pills, 
increased to twenty or thirty during- the 
day ; in facial neuralgia. Niemeyer. 



one ounce. 



Lotion with Oxide of Zinc. 

R. Oxide of zinc, 
Elder-flower water, 

one fl. ounce and a half. 
Agitate together. In pustular erysipelas. 

Augustin. 



Ointment of Oxide of Zinc. 

R. Oxide of zinc, eighty grains. 

Ointment of benzoin, 

four hundred grains. 

Mix. U. 8. Ph. 

The proportions of oxide of zinc and 
benzoinated lard are 1:5 U. S. Ph., 2:11 
Brit. Ph., 1:9 Parts Codex. The Ph. 
Germ, directs one part of the oxide to 
nine parts of ointment of rose-water. 

A mild, astringent application, in chronic 
ophthalmia, and in excoriation and ulcera- 
tion. 



Ointment of Impure Oxide of Zinc. 
(Tutty Ointment.) 

R. Prepared tutty, one drachm. 

Lard, five drachms. 

Bab together. Pereira. 



Ointment of Oxide of Zinc and Opium. 
R. Oxide of zinc, half a drachm. 

Fresh butter, one drachm. 

Powdered opium, one grain. 

Mix. In chronic ophthalmia. Hencke. 



Ointment of Oxide of Zinc and 
Calomel. 

R. Oxide of zinc, half a drachm. 

Calomel, 

Powdered aloes, each, one grain. 

Fresh butter, two drachms. 

Mix. In scrofulous ophthalmia. Scarpa. 



Cerate of Oxide of Zinc and 
Lycopodium. 

R. Oxide of zinc, 

Lycopodium, each, fifteen grains. 

Simple cerate, half an ounce. 

Mix. In ulceration of the breasts, tetter, 
etc. Hufeland. 



Dusting Powder of Oxide of Zinc. 
R. Oxide of zinc, 

Lycopodium, each, equal parts. 
Mix. Used in erythema of infants, accom- 
panied by moisture. J. L. Smith. 

R. Oxide of zinc, one part. 

Powdered acacia, two parts. 

Mix. Applied to sore and fissured nipples. 

Waring. 



ZINCI SULPHAS. 

Sulphate of Zinc. 

R. Zinc, in small pieces, four ounces. 
Sulphuric acid, six ounces. 

Distilled water, four pints. 

Introduce the zinc and water into a glass 
vessel, and add the sulphuric acid by de- 
grees; when all effervescence has ceased, 
filter, boil to a pellicle, and set aside to 
crystallize. U. 8. Ph. 

It is astringent, tonic, and, in large doses, 
a prompt and effective emetic. Dose, as a 
ionic, one to two grains; as emetic, ten to 
thirty. 



Pills of Sulphate of Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, ten grains. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and make twenty pills. One, three 
times a day. In hooping-cough, etc. 

Ellis. 



ZINCI SULPHAS. 



591 



Pills of Sulphate of Zinc and 
Turpentine. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, two drachms. 
Venice turpentine, sufficient. 

Mix, and make sixty pills. As a tonic. 

Beasley. 



Pills of Sulphate of Zinc and Myrrh. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, ten grains. 

Powdered myrrh, 

one drachm and a half. 

Conserve of roses, sufficient. 

Mix, and make twenty pills. From two to 
four pills a day, in hooping-cough. Paris. 



Compound Pills of Sulphate of Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, one grain. 

Extract of gentian, eight grains. 

Syrup of ginger, sufficient. 

Mix. and make two pills, to be taken during 
the day, with two fl. drachms of infusion of 
chamomile, in epilepsy. Ainslie. 



Solution of Sulphate of Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, two grains. 

Chamomile water, three fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. A spoonful, two or three times 
a day, in chronic dysentery. Radius. 



Alkaline Solution of Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, 

twenty-four grains. 
Solution of potassa, 

three drachms. 
Dissolve. Dose, thirty drops in water 
twice daily. A useful adjunct to other 
treatment in acne punctata. 

A. T. Thomson. 



Collyrium of Sulphate of Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, one grain. 

Rose water, five hundred grains. 
Dissolve. Paris Codex. 



Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 

Spirit of camphor, five drops. 

Mix, and strain. Scarpa. 
To be used as the last. 

R. Sulphate of zinc, ) . 
Crystallized sugar, I eacn ' 
Orris root, ) oxigram. 

Rose water, eleven fl. drachms. 

Macerate, and filter. Dor vault. 

A popular remedy in France, where it 
is used under various names. 



R. Sulphate of zinc, 
Acetate of lead, 
Laudanum, 
Water, 



six grains, 
ten grains, 
one fl. drachm, 
five fl. ounces. 
Mix. As an application to the eyes in 
ophthalmia, after reduction of the inflam- 
mation. Gregory. 

R. Sulphate of zinc, six grains. 

Mucilage of quince seed, 

one fl. ounce. 



Collyrium of Sulphate of Zinc and 
Camphor. 

R. Sulphate of zinc, one scruple. 

Camphor water, 

Rose water, each, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix. Ainslie. 



Fomentation -with Sulphate of Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, 

one drachm and a half. 
Decoction of pomegranate 

bark, four pints. 
' s Peruvian bark, 

two pints. 

Laudanum, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. As an application to external piles, 

and in vaginal gonorrhoea. Br era. 



White Caustic Lotion. 

R. Sulphate of zinc, 

Acetate of lead, each, ninety 

grains. 

Nitrate of silver, ten grains. 

Corrosive sublimate, five grains. 

Water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. Maryland Coll. Ph. 



Gargle of Sulphate of Zinc. 

R. Sulphate of zinc, one drachm. 

Honey, half a fl. ounce. 

Tincture of myrrh, 

Brandy, each, one fl. ounce. 

Rose water, six fl. ounces. 

Mix. In ulcerations of gums, etc., occa- 
sioned by excessive salivation. Ellis. 



Plaster of Sulphate of Zinc. 
R. Simple plaster, 

eight hundred parts. 
White wax, fifty parts. 

Fuse and add 



592 



ZIXCI VALERIASTAS 



Sulphate of zinc, twenty-five parts, 

previously dissolved in a little water. 
Agitate continually until the water has 
evaporated, and cool. 

This is the empldtre diapalme of the 
French Codex. 



Injection of Sulphate of Zinc. 

R. Sulphate of zinc, one drachm. 

Camphor water, two fl. ounces. 

Water, two pints. 

Mix. Swediaur. 

R. Sulphate of zinc, ten grains. 

Powdered gum Arabic, 

two drachms. 



Laudanum, 
Distilled water, 
Mix. In gonorrhoea. 



one fl. drachm, 
eight fl. ounces. 

Ellis. 



Lotion of Sulphate of Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, sixteen grains. 
Rose water, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Mix. B6ral. 

R. Sulphate of zinc, half a drachm. 

Water, 

Lead water, each, half a pint. 

Mix. Beasley. 

R. Sulphate of zinc, four scruples. 

Distilled vinegar, one pint. 

Mix. Beral. 



Sulphate of Zinc Mixture. 

R. Sulphate of zinc, one grain. 

Decoction of cascarilla, 

twelve fl. drachms. 

Simple syrup, four fl. drachms. 
Mix, to be divided into four doses, one to 
be taken three times a day, in hooping- 
cough. Ainslie. 



ZINCI SULPIIO-CARBOLAS. 

Sulpho-Carbolate of Zinc. 



Solution of Sulphocarbolate of Zinc. 
\i. Sulpho-carbolatc 



of zinc, 
Water, 



three to six grains. 
one ounce. 



Dissolve. As an injection in gonorrhoea, 
and as a dressing for wounds and sores. 

J. Wood. 



Collodion with Sulphocarbolate of 
Zinc. 

R. Sulphocarbolate 

of zinc, one drachm. 

Collodion, eight fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the salt in a little alcohol, and 
mix with collodion. C. L. Mitchell. 



ZINCI VALERIANAS. 
Valerianate op Zinc. 

To the aqueous distillate obtained from 
valerian root, alcohol is added to dissolve 
the oil globules; a sufficient quantity of 
oxide of zinc, previously rubbed up with 
alcohol, is added, the mixture is heated to 
the boiling point, rapidly filtered, and set 
aside to crystallize. The crystals are washed 
with cold water, drained, and dried. 

Guilliermond. 

R. Sulphate of zinc, 

five and three-quarter ounces. 
Yalerianate of sodium, 

five ounces. 
Distilled water, sufficient. 

Dissolve the salts each in forty ounces of 
the water, heat to near the boiling point, 
mix, and cool. Remove the crystals, evapo- 
rate mother-liquor at 200° to four 11. ounces 
and crystallize. Drain and wash the crys- 
tals with a little cold water, and dry. 

Brit. Ph. 

R. Contused valerian, 

tkirtj r -two ounces. 
Water, eight 'pounds. 

Sulphuric acid, three ounces. 

Macerate for two days, and distil as long as 
product reddens litmus paper. Expose to 
the air for a month, then put it in a matrass 
with two hundred and twenty -five grains of 
recently-prepared oxide of zinc, and digest 
on a sand-bath for eigbt or ten hours, at 
175° F., agitating occasionally ; filter whilst 
hot, evaporate to three-fourths, and dry the 
residue on earthen plates. Buisson. 

Has been recommended as a powerful 
nervine tonic, and antispasmodic, in neu- 
ralgia and hysteria. Dose, one to three 
grains, in the form of pills. 



Pills of Valerianate of Zinc. 
R. Yalerianate of zinc, nine grains. 
Tragacanth, thirty grains. 

Mix, and make twelve pills. One, morn- 
ing' and evening, in nervous headache, etc. 

Devay. 



Mixture of Valerianate of Zinc. 
R. Valerianate of zinc, 

one grain and a half. 
Distilled water, five fl. drachms. 



ZINGIBEK 



593 



Syrup, one fl. ounce. 

Mix. A tablespoonful every half hour. 

Devay. 



ZINGIBER. 
Ginger. 

The rhizome of Zingiber officinale, a small 
herbaceous, perenuial plant, a native of the 
East Indies. 

Sex Syst. Monand. monog. Xat. Syst. Zin- 
giberace?e. 

Eoseoe, Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 348. Grif- 
fith, Med. Bot. 629. 

The rhizome or root is creeping, knotty, 
lobated or palmated, and fleshy ; witb an 
agreeable, pungent, campboraceous odor, 
and an aromatic, acrid, burning taste. Two 
kinds are met with in commerce, tbe black 
and the wbite ; the first consists of the 
roots, scalded in hot water and dried ; tbe 
second is also composed of the roots, but 
deprived of their epidermis previous to desic- 
cation. Ginger contains a volatile oil, a 
soft, acrid resin, some gum, various salts, 
and tbe usual vegetable constituents. It is 
stimulating, somewhat acrid, aromatic, and 
stomachic. It is given in doses of ten grains 
to a scruple, or more. 



R 



Infusion of Ginger. 
Bruised ginger, half a troyounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. 

Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, 
and strain. 

Dose, a wineglassful. TJ. S. Ph. 



Ginger Lozenges. 

R. Powdered ginger, two ounces. 

" sugar, fifteen ounces. 

Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 

Mix well, and form lozenges of sixteen 

grains each. Soubeiran. 

R. Tincture of ginger, two fl. ounces. 
Powdered sugar, 

twenty troyounces. 
" tragacanth, 

half a troyounce. 
Syrup of ginger, sufficient. 

Mix the tincture with the sugar, evaporate 
the alcohol spontaneously, powder, add the 
tragacanth, and with the syrup form a 
mass to be divided into four hundred and 
eighty troches. JJ. S. Ph. 



Yeast, eight fl. ounces. 

Boiling water, four gallons. 

Pour the water on the four first-named in- 
gredients, infuse for two hours, and strain ; 
then add the yeast, and, when fermentation 
has commenced, pour into strong bottles and 
wire down the corks. Redwood. 

R. "White sugar, twenty pounds. 

Lemon juice, eighteen fl. ounces. 
Hone} T , one pound. 

Bruised ginger, twenty -two ounces. 
"Water, eighteen gallons. 

Boil the ginger in three gallons of the 
water for half an hour ; add the sugar, 
lemon juice, and honey with the remainder 
of the water, and strain ; when cold add the 
white of an egg and half a fl. ounce of es- 
sence of lemon ; let rest for four days, and 
bottle. Pereira. 



Ginger Beer. 



R. Sugar, 

Bruised ginger, 
Cream of tartar, 
Lemons, sliced, 
38 



three pounds. 

two ounces. 

one ounce. 

four. 



Syrup of Ginger. 
R. Fluid extract of ginger, 

one fl. ounce. 
Carbonate of magnesium, 

two drachms. 
"Water, forty-two fl. ounces. 

Sugar, seventy-two troyounces. 
Kub the fluid extract with the carbonate 
and two troyounces of the sugar, then with 
the water gradually added, and filter ; add 
the remainder of the sugar, dissolve with a 
gentle heat, and strain while hot. 

U. S. Ph. 

R. Strong tincture of ginger, 

six fl. drachms. 

Syrup, nineteen fl. ounces. 

Mix by agitation. Brit. Ph. 



R. 



Fluid Extract of Ginger. 

Ginger, in powder, 

No. 50, sixteen troyounces. 

Alcohol, sufficient. 

Moisten the ginger with four fl. ounces of 
alcohol, pack firmly in a percolator, add 
twelve fl. ounces of alcohol, and macerate 
for four days ; then displace twenty-four fl. 
ounces, reserving the first fourteen, evapo- 
rate the remainder to two fl. ounces, and 
mix with the reserved portion. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, five to twenty minims. 



Strong Tincture of Ginger. 

R. Ginger in fine powder, ten ounces. 

Rectified spirit, sufficient. 

Obtain by slow displacement one pint 

(twenty fl. ounces). Brit. Ph, 



594 



ZINGIBER 



Tincture of Ginger. 

R. Ginger, bruised, eight troyounces. 
Alcohol, sufficient. 

Obtain by displacement two pints. 

U. S. Ph. 
Dose, half to one fl. drachm. The tinc- 
ture of Brit. Ph. is about one-half this 
strength. Paris Codex and Ph. Germ. 
direct one part of ginger to five parts of 
alcohol, sp. gr. 0.892. 



Oil of Ginger. 

R. Ginger, one part. 

Water, six parts. 

Digest for five or six days ; distil, and collect 
the oil. 



Oleoresin of Ginger. 

R. Ginger, in powder, 

No. 60, twelve troyounces. 

Stronger ether, twelve fl. ounces. 
Alcohol, sufficient. 

Press the ginger firmly into a suitable per- 
colator, add the ether, and then sufficient 
alcohol to obtain twelve fl. ounces of perco- 
late. Distil the greater part of the ether, 
and evaporate the remaining ether sponta- 
neously. U. 8. Ph. 
One part of the oleoresin corresponds to 
about sixteen of ginger. 



Syrup of Oleoresin of Ginger. 

R. Oleoresin of ginger, one scruple. 
Syrup, one ounce. 

Dissolve, and strain, after twenty-four 
hours' digestion. B6ral 



Essence of Ginger. 
R. Jamaica ginger, four ounces. 

French brandy, one pint. 

Powder the ginger coarsely, moisten it 
with the brandy, put it in a displacer, and 
pour the remainder of the brandy on it ; 
when it ceases to pass, add diluted alcohol, 
till one. pint has passed in all. 

R. Bruised Jamaica ginger, 

twelve pounds. 

Alcohol, two gallons and a half. 

Digest fourteen days, express, strain, and 

reduce by distillation, to one gallon. Cool, 

and filter. A most excellent preparation. 

Cooley. 

R. Powdered ginger, 

" animal charcoal, 

equal parts. 
Alcohol, sufficient. 

Moisten the powders for twenty-four hours, 
with sufficient alcohol to cover them ; then 
transfer to a percolator, and return the first 
runnings two or three times. Change the 
receiver, and gradually pour on alcohol, as 
required, until as much essence is obtained 
as there was ginger employed. Cooley. 



Spice Plaster. 

R. Powdered ginger, two ounces. 
" cloves, 

" cinnamon, each, 

one ounce. 

" red pepper, two drms. 

Tincture of ginger, half an ounce. 

Honey, sufficient. 

Mix the powders; add the tincture, and 
sufficient honey to make of proper consist- 
ence for a stiff cataplasm. W. Procter. 



ADDENDA. 

Under this title ivill be found a few articles belonging to the Formulary 
proper, together with a large number of practical receipts, ivhich could 
not have been introduced, with propriety, under any of the officinal heads. 



B 



Fleming's Tincture of Aconite. 

Powdered aconite root, 

(troy) sixteen ounces. 
Rectified spirit, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Macerate for four days, then pack in a per- 
colator, and add rectified spirit until 
twenty-four fl. ounces of tincture are ob- 
tained. 

Dose, two to three minims, as an ano- 
dyne. Pereira. 



Blacket's Tincture of Belladonna. 
R. Extract of belladonna, 

ten drachms. 
Proof spirit, one pound. 

Macerate, dissolve, and strain. 

Dose, two or three minims as an anodyne. 
Lond. Ph. Jour. 



B. 



Acoustic Balsam. 

Compound tincture ' 



each. 



one 



fl. ounce. 



Mix. 



of benzoin, 
Tincture of castor, 
" opium, 

Essential oil of assafetida, 

five drops. 
Cooley. 

each, 



one fl. 
ounce. 



R. Tincture of ambergris, 

" assafetida, 

" castor, 

" opium, 

Terebinthinated balsam of sulphur, 
Oil of rue, each, fifteen drops. 
Mix. One or two drops are poured into 
the ear, or a piece of wool moistened there- 
with is introduced, in cases of atonic deaf- 
ness. Baumi. 



Clemens' 



Solution of Arsenic and 
Bromine. 

R. Arsenious acid, 

Carbonate of potassium, 

each, one drachm, 



Dissolve in water, dilute to twelve fl. ounces, 
and add 

Bromine, two drachms. 

Digest until colorless. Dose, three or four 
drops, twice a day, in water. Dorvaidt. 



Medicated Waters. 



R 



Any essential oil, two drachms. 
Precipitated chalk, one ounce. 
Alcohol, two fl. ounces. 

Distilled water, one gallon. 

Eub the oil with the chalk, then add the 
spirit gradually, and when completely dis- 
solved, pour in the water by degrees ; let 
it stand three minutes, and filter through 
close paper. 

Mr. John Fordred affirms that chalk is 

decidedly preferable to the carbonate of 

magnesium, in preparing medicated waters. 

Lond. Phar. Jour. 



Extemporaneous Preparation of 
Medicated Waters. 

R. Any essential oil, two drops. 

Carbonate of magnesium, 

six grains. 
Rub together, and add gradually 

Water, one fl. ounce. 

Filter the solution through bibulous paper. 



Process for Coating Pills. 
R. Flaxseed, one part. 

White sugar, three parts. 

Distilled water, sufficient. 

Pour the boiling water on the seed to ex- 
tract the mucilage, separate the thick 
mucilage, add the sugar, and carefully 
drive off the whole of the moisture by evap- 
oration. Reduce the dried mucilage to 
powder, in which the pills (having been 
previously moistened) are to be rolled until 
covered with a layer of the compound. 

Calloud. 
(595) 



596 



ADDENDA 



R. Butter of cacao, at will. 

Melt. Throw the prepared pills into the 
melted butter, then remove them with a 
perforated skimmer, and roll them in pow- 
dered sugar, or sugar of milk. Calloud. 



Pastilles de Paris. 
R. Powdered cubebs, 

one ounce and a half. 
" guru Arabic, one ounce. 

" liquorice, 

" sugar, each, 

four ounces. 
Oil of lemon, fifty drops. 

Mix, and make lozenges of eight grains. 



Eau de Pagliari. 
R. Tincture of benzoin, 

eight fl. ounces. 
Alum, one pound. 

Water, ten pounds. 

Mix. This preparation is said to possess 
an extraordinary power of coagulating the 
blood. Sedillot. 



Jackson's Pectoral Lozenges. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, ten grains. 
Precipitated sulphuret of 

antimon}', five grains. 

Muriate of morphia, six grains. 

Powdered gum Arabic,} each, 

u sugar, V- eleven 

" liquorice, ) drachms. 

Oil of sassafras, four drops. 

Tincture of Tolu, four fl. drachms. 

Syrup, sufficient. 

Mix, and divide into two hundred lozenges. 

S. Jackson. 



Jackson's Pectoral Syrup. 
R. Sassafras pith, one drachm. 

Gum Arabic, one ounce. 

Water, one pint. 

Macerate twelve hours, then add 

Sugar, twenty-one ounces. 

Dissolve without heat, strain, and add 

Muriate of morphia, eight grains. 
Mix carefully, and add water sufficient to 
make the whole measure two pints. Dose, 
a teaspoonful to a tablespoon ful, every 
three hours. S. Jackson. 



Klrkland's Neutral Cerate. 
R. Lead plaster, eight ounces. 

Olive oil, four ounces. 



Melt, and while fluid, add 

Prepared chalk, four ounces. 

Stir, until sufficiently cooled, then add 

Acetic acid, four fl. ounces. 

Acetate of lead, three drachms. 
Mix. Paris. 



Chlorodyne. 

R. Muriate of morphia, eight grains. 
Oil of peppermint, two drops. 

Tincture of Indian 1 

hemp, I each, 

Chloric ether, j one drachm. 

Treacle, 

Chloroform, six drachms. 

Scheele's hydrocyanic acid, 

twelve drops. 
Perchloric acid, twenty drops. 
Tincture of capsicum, 

half a drachm. 
Dissolve and mix. Ogden. 

R. Muriate of morphia, eight grains. 

Oil of peppermint, sixteen minims. 

Stronger ether, one fl. ounce. 

Extract of liquorice, 

two and a half tro} r ounces. 

Pure chloroform,} ea(jh 

Stronger alcohol, >• « , ,' fl „,„„- 
, T , & ' ( lour n. ounces. 

Molasses, ) 

Officinal hydrocyanic acid, 

two fl. ounces. 

Syrup, seventeen and a half 

fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the morphia and oil in the alcohol, 
and add chloroform and ether. Mix liquo- 
rice, syrup, and molasses, shake the two 
mixtures, and add the hydrocyanic acid. 
Dose, five to ten minims, the vial to be 
well shaken. Maryland Coll. Ph. 



Formulas for Elixirs and other 
Preparations. 

Adopted by the American Pharmaceutical 
Association, 1873. 

Compound Powder of Cochineal. 



B. Cochineal, 
Alum, 
Carbonate of potas- 



each, 

two 
drachms. 



Bitartrate of potassium, 

four drachms. 
Mix the powders thoroughly. 



ADDENDA. 



597 



Compound Tincture of Cochineal. 
R. Compound powder of 



cochineal, 
Diluted alcohol. 



two drachms, 
two fl. ounces. 



Macerate for twelve hours, and strain. 



Spirit of Orange. 
R. Oil of sweet orange, one fl. ounce. 
Stronger alcohol, fifteen fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. 



Simple Elixir. 
R. Spirit of orange, half a fl. ounce. 
Stronger alcohol, four fl. ounces. 
Cinnamon water, 
Syrup, each, six fl. ounces. 

Mix, and clarify with paper pulp, made of 
sixty grains of filtering paper. 



Red Elixir. 
R. Compound tincture of 

cochineal, half a fl. ounce. 

Simple elixir, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Mix. 



'Elixir of Calisaya Bark. 
R. Tincture of cinchona, U. S. Ph., 

twent}'-two fl. drachms. 
Simple elixir, sufficient 

for fl. sixteen ounces. Mix. A fl. drachrn 
represents two grains of Calisaya bark. 



Elixir of Calisaya Bark with Iron. 
R. Elixir of Calisaya, fifteen fl. ounces. 
Warm distilled water, 

one fl. ounce. 
Ammonio-citrate of iron, 

two drachms. 
Dissolve and mix. 



Compound Elixir of Cinchona. 
R. Compound tincture of 
cinchona, U. S. Ph., 

twenty-two fl. drachms. 

Simple elixir, sufficient 

to make sixteen fl. ounces. Mix and filter. 



Compound Elixir of Cinchona with 
Iron. 

R. Compound elixir of cinchona, 

fifteen fl. ounces. 
Warm distilled water, 

one fl. ounce. 



Ammonio-citrate of iron, 

two drachms. 
Dissolve and mix. 



Elixir of Citrate of Iron. 

R. Ammonio-citrate of iron, 

two hundred and fifty-six grs. 
Warm distilled water, 

one fl. ounce. 
Simple elixir, fifteen fl. ounces. 

Dissolve and filter. 



Elixir of Pyrophosphate of Iron. 

Made like the preceding, with two hundred 
and fifty-six grains of pyrophosphate of 
iron. 



Elixir of Citrate of Bismuth. 

Made like the preceding, with two hundred 
and fifty-six grains of ammonio-phosphate 
of bismuth. 



Elixir of Pepsin. 

R. Pepsin made by Scheffer's 

formula, two hundred 

and fifty-six grains. 
Sherry wine, fourteen fl. ounces. 



Syrup, 



two fl. ounces. 



Fluid extract of ginger, 

twenty-five drops. 
Dissolve and mix. 



Elixir of Valerianate of Ammonium. 

R. Valerianate of ammonium, 

two hundred and fifty-six grs. 
Simple elixir, 

fifteen and a half fl. ounces. 
Compound tincture of cochineal, 
half a fl. ounce. 

Dissolve the salt in two ounces of the elixir, 
neutralize with ammonia, and add remain- 
der. 



Elixir of Valerianate of Ammonium 
with Quinia. 

R. Elixir of valerianate of 

ammonium, one pint. 

Sulphate of quinia, 

one hundred and twenty-eight 
grains. 
Dissolve. 



598 



ADDENDA 



Tincture of Sumbul. 

See page 565. 



Compound Elixir of Sumbul. 

See page 566. 



Elixir of Pyrophosphate of Iron, 

Quinia, and Strychnia. 

C. L. DiehPs Formula, p. 558. 



Elixir of Gentian with Iron. 
R. Extract of gentian, 

Ainmonio-citrate of iron, 

each, one hundred and 

twenty-eight grains. 
Warm distilled water, 

one fl. ounce. 
Simple elixir, fifteen fl. ounces. 
Dissolve and mix. 



Bitter "Wine of Iron. 
R. Sulphate of cinchonia, 

forty- five grains. 
Sulphate of quinia, fifteen grains. 
Citric acid, sixty grains. 

Ammonio-citrate of iron, 

four drachms. 
Concentrated tincture of 
fresh sweet orange-peel, 
Distilled water, 

each, three fl. ounces. 

Sherry wine, eight fl. ounces. 

Syrup, two fl. ounces. 

Dissolve the sulphates and acid in two fl. 
ounces, and the iron in the remaining water ; 
mix the solutions, and add the other ingre- 
dients. 



Syrup of Liquorice Root. 
R. Powdered liquorice root, 

four troyounces. 
Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 

Sugar, twelve troyounces. 

Exhaust the powder with diluted alcohol, 
evaporate by a water-bath to ten fl. ounces, 
filter, and dissolve the sugar. The syrup 
should measure sixteen fl. ounces. 

Recommended for masking the bitterness 
of quinia. 



ANATOMICAL INJECTIONS. 

I. For Preserving the Body. 

A. Molasses Injection. 

two gallons. 



R. Doiling water, 
Common salt, 
to saturate. 



sufficient 



Nitre, two to four ounces. 

Molasses, four ounces. 

Mix together, and boil for a few minutes. 
The proportions of nitre and molasses are 
variable. This injection penetrates well, 
and it will preserve the body long enough 
for dissecting purposes. 

B. Chloride of Zinc Injection. 

R. Commercial muriatic 

acid, ten pounds. 

Add gradually 

Scrap zinc, more than sufficient 
to neutralize the acid. 

This solution is extremely concentrated 
and acrid. Where the body is to be kept 
during the summer months, the Editor 
deems it advisable to throw the undiluted 
solution into the aorta until the fluid oozes 
from an incision made into the cellular 
tissue of one of the toes. About half a 
gallon is usually required to effect this ob- 
ject. In winter, one to three pints, diluted 
with water, will answer. 

As a mere preservative nothing can sur- 
pass this injection ; but it is open to the 
serious objection of bleaching the tissues. 

C. Nitrate of Lead Injection. 

R. Nitric acid, ten pounds. 

Powdered litharge, more than 
sufficient 
to saturate. 

Mix. One to two pints of this fluid may 
be advantageously added to a solution of 
salt containing a little nitre. The mixture 
forms a good preservative injection ; giving 
a rusty, rather than a bleached appearance 
to the tissues. 

D. Method of Preserving a Corpse. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, sufficient 
to saturate 

Alcohol, three pints. 

This mixture is to be thrown into the 
aorta. To be followed daily for three 
successive days by the same quantity of a 
saturated solution of the acetate of alumi- 
nium. The surface of the body is to be fre- 
quently washed with the latter solution. 
Hy this method the natural appearance of 
the body may be retained for a week. 

W. R. Grant. 

E. Gannal's Injection. 
R. Sulphate of aluminium, 



Acetate of lead, 



two pounds, 
half a pound. 



ADDENDA. 



599 



Dissolve the salts separately, in water, mix 
the solutions, and filter. 

The body is to be injected with six pints 
of this fluid, by one of the large arteries. 

Dorvault. 



II. For Arterial and Yenous 
Preparations. 

A. For Coarse Objects. 
B. Tallow, ) 

Resin, V equal parts. 

Yellow wax, ) 
Melt over a slow fire, and add sufficient 
red lead or vermilion to color. 

B. Wax, sixteen ounces. 

Resin, 

Turpentine varnish, 

each, eight ounces. 

Yerrnilion, one ounce. 

Melt the wax and resin, stirring in the var- 
nish and vermilion. 

This injection is liable to melt in warm 
weather, thus giving a flattened appearance 
to the bloodvessels. 

B. Tallow, two pounds. 

Magnesia, half an ounce. 

Yerrnilion, one ounce. 

Melt the tallow, and stir in the magnesia 
and vermilion. 

This, like the two former injections, is 
thrown in hot. The following is used cold, 
and hence is called the cold paint injection. 

B. White lead, well ground, 

two pounds. 
Turpentine varnish, 

twelve drachms. 
Linseed oil, six ounces. 

Grind the white lead and varnish together, 
add the oil, and rub to the consistence of 
cream ; in which state it is to be thrown 
into the arteries. Dublin Dissector. 

B. For Fine Preparations. 
B. Lead, five parts. 

Melt, and add 

Bismuth, eight parts. 

Tin, three parts. 

Mercury, two parts. 

Melt. This liquid amalgam is used for 

injecting the kidneys and other organs. 

Francis. 



B. Glue, 
Dissolve, and add 



one ounce. 



Strong size, one pint. 

Yerrnilion, or other coloring 
matter, one ounce and a half. 
Mix. Francis. 

B. Canada balsam, one pound. 

Yerrnilion, sufficient to color. 

Mix intimately. Dorvault. 

C. For Preserving Specimens. 

In the anatomical museums of this coun- 
try it is customary to use alcohol in the 
preservation of specimens. 

For the brain, nerve-matter, and liga- 
ments, strong alcohol is employed. For 
other parts, a mixture of two parts of alco- 
hol and one of water is found to answer. 

The following are possessed of much 
merit as preservative fluids : — 

B. Saturate water with sulphurous 
acid, and add a little creasote. 
Cooley. 

B. Powdered corrosive 

sublimate, two drachms. 

Alcohol, one pint. 

Mix, dissolve, and decant after twenty-four 

hours. Francis. 

Goadby's Solutions. 

No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. 
Salt, 4 oz. 4 oz. 8 oz. 

Alum, 2 oz. 2 oz. 

Corrosive 

sublimate, 2 grs. 3 grs. 2 grs. 

Water, 2 pts. 4 pts. 2 pts. 

Mr. Goadby usually employs No. 1 ; but 
for delicate preparations that might be in* 
jured by a concentrated solution, he substij* 
tutes No. 2. As alum decomposes osseous 
matter, No. 3 is used when the tissues con- 
tain carbonate of lime. 

No. 4. No. 5. 
Salt, 8 oz. 8 oz. 

Corrosive sublimate, 15 grs. 

Arsenious acid, 15 grs. 15 grs. 

Water, 2 pts. 2 pts. 

These solutions are used for old and soft 
preparations. Dorvault. 

Reboulet's Solution. 

B. Nitre, one part. 

Alum, two parts. 

Chlorinated lime, four parts. 

Water, sixteen parts. 

To be afterwards diluted according to cir- 
cumstances. Cooley. 



600 



ADDENDA 



Blacking. 



No.l. 

R. Ivory black, twelve ounces. 

Treacle, four ounces. 

Sperm oil, one ounce. 

Vinegar, two pints. 

Oil of vitriol (by weight), 

two ounces. 

Mix the first three ingredients, and add the 
vinegar gradually, stirring after each addi- 
tion ; add the oil of vitriol very carefully, 
stirring constantly until the effervescence 
ceases. Lond. Ph. Jour. 

No. 2. 

R. Ivory black, 

Treacle, each, twelve ounces. 

Sperm oil, 

Oil of vitriol, each, three ounces. 
Yinegar, four pints. 

Mix the ivory black, treacle, and vinegar 
together ; then mix the sperm oil and oil 
of vitriol separately, and add them to the 
other mixture. Redwood. 

No. 3. — {Liquid.) 

R. Ivory black, in fine powder, 

one pound. 
Treacle, three-fourths of a pound. 
Sweet oil, two ounces. 

Beer, 
Yinegar, each, one pint. 

Rub the first three together until uniformly 
mixed, then add the beer and vinegar. 

Cooley. 



No. 4. 



sixteen parts. 

eight parts. 

four parts, 

two parts. 

one part. 

sixty-four parts. 

Cooley. 



Blacking for Grates. 



R. Asphaltum, 
Melt, and add 

Linseed oil, 

Oil of turpentine, 
Mix. 



R. Ivory black, 

Treacle, 

Oil of vitriol 
Diluted with 

Water, 

Gum Arabic, 

Soft water, 
Mix as before. 

No. 5.— {Paste.) 

R. Ivory black, in powder, 

one pound and a quarter. 

Treacle, one pound. 

Sweet oil, two ounces. 

Rub together till well mixed, then add 

Vinegar, sufficient 

to form a paste. Cooley. 



four pounds. 

two pounds. 

one gallon. 

Gray. 



Boot Composition. 

R. Boiled linseed oil, one pint. 

Oil of turpentine, ) , 
Black resin, >- ,, ' 

Wax, S threeounoes - 

Melt the wax and resin together, and stir 
in the boiling oil; then remove the pot 
from the fire, and when it has cooled a 
little, add the turpentine, and mix. 

Cooley. 

R. Caoutchouc, two drachms. 

Mineral naphtha, two ounces. 

Asphaltum, 

Ivory black, each, half an ounce. 

Oil of turpentine, one ounce. 

Dissolve the caoutchouc in the naphtha, 
and the asphaltum in the turpentine ; mix 
the two solutions, and add the ivory black. 
Lond. Ph. Jour. 
Both of these compositions are reputed 
to be water-proof. 



Bug Poison. 

No.l. 

R. Alcohol, one hundred and 

twenty parts. 

Camphor, two parts. 

Oil of turpentine, four parts. 

Corrosive sublimate, one part. 

Mix and dissolve. Dorvault. 



equal parts. 

Rediuood. 



No. 2. 
R. Coal-tar naphtha, 
Oil of turpentine, 
Mix. 

No. 3. 
For Roaches and Ants. 
R. Arsenic, in powder, one part. 

Mashed potatoes, three parts. 
Mix. 

No. 4. 
For Roaches, Rats, Mice, Etc. 
R. Phosphorus, eight parts. 

Tepid water, } fc h d d 

Bye meal, >• X . , , . 

Butter, j and eighty parts. 



ADDENDA. 



601 



Sugar, one hundred and 

twenty-five parts. 

Liquefy the phosphorus in the tepid water 
in a bottle, and mix it in a mortar with the 
rye meal ; when cold, add the butter and 
sugar, and mix them all thoroughly to- 
gether. Gray. 

No. 5. 
For Flies, Etc. 

R. Rasped quassia, two drachms. 

Boiling water, one pint. 

Boil together for a few minutes, strain, and 
add 

Molasses, four fl. ounces. 

Mix. Dorvault. 



Cements. 
Diamond Cement. 
R. Isinglass, two drachms. 

Sprinkle it with water, and when soft, dis- 
solve it in the smallest possible quantity 
of proof spirit by a moderate heat. 

R. Mastich, one drachm. 

Rectified spirit, three fl. drachms. 
Dissolve. Mix the two solutions, and stir 
in one drachm of powdered ammoniac rub- 
bed down with a little water. Keep the 
cement in a bottle. When wanted for use, 
plunge the bottle in warm water to soften 
the cement, which is applied in thin layers 
on the fractured surfaces, and the pieces 
are to be held in firm contact till cool. 

Used for setting jewelry, mending china, 
etc. Lond. Ph. Jour. 

Cement for China and Stone-ware. 

Gelatin is allowed to swell in cold water, 
the jelly is warmed, and so much freshly- 
slaked lime is added as is necessary to 
thicken the mass. A thin coating of this 
cement is applied warm to the gently- 
heated surface, and the pieces are held to- 
gether under strong pressure. Heller. 

R. Whites of eggs, at will. 

Finely powdered 

quicklime, sufficient 

to thicken. Used for mending china, etc. ; 
but it does not resist moisture. 

R. Shellac, . at will. 

Alcohol, sufficient 

to form a liquid of the consistence of mo- 



This is an excellent cement. 



Cement for the Laboratory. 

R. Resin, five pounds. 

Dry red ochre, in fine powder, 
Wax, each, one pound. 

Plaster of Paris, two to four 

ounces. 
Melt the resin and wax, add the ochre, and, 
lastly, the plaster. Mix well together. 

Singer. 

Luting for Bottles, etc. 

Melt common resin and yellow wax to- 
gether, and add red ochre in small quanti- 
ties, and when of the proper consistence, 
boil for six or eight minutes ; add a small 
quantity of oil of turpentine, and stir well 
with a spatula. The proportions of the 
different constituents vary, the luting being 
more or less brittle, or elastic, as the ochre 
prevails. Francis. 

R. Flour, 

Whiting, each, ten parts. 

Common salt, one part. 

Mix and add sufficient water to make a 
paste. This is used by the distillers of 
spirituous liquors. Francis. 

R. Sal ammoniac, 
Whiting, 
Water, 



to form a paste. 



R 



equal parts, 
sufficient 
This forms a good lute. 
Francis. 



Common clay, 

Whiting, equal parts. 

Water, sufficient 

to form a paste. This lute will stand a 

high heat. Francis. 



Colors for Show-bottles. 



Blue. 

R. Sulphate of copper, 

Alum, each, 

Water, 

Sulphuric acid, 
Mix, and dissolve. 

R. Prussian blue, 
Oxalic acid, 
Water, 

Dissolve. 



one ounce. 

two pints. 

half an ounce. 



ten grains. 

twenty grains. 

one pint. 



R. A. Dissolve ammonio-sulphate of 
copper, and ammonio-nitrate of 
nickel (prepared by dissolving 
nickel in diluted nitric acid, and 



602 



ADDENDA, 



adding ammonia in excess), in 

water. 
B. Dissolve the sulphate of indigo in 

water. 
G. Dissolve Prussian blue in diluted 

muriatic acid, and dilute with 

water. 

Purple. 
R. Yerdigris, two drachms. 

Spirit of hartshorn, four ounces. 

Water, one pint and a half. 

Mix. 

R. Sulphate of copper, one ounce. 

Carbonate of ammonium, 

one ounce and a half. 

Water, two pints and a half. 

Mix. 



R. Infusion of logwood, 
Spirit of hartshorn, 

to produce the desired hue. 
Mix. 



two pints, 
sufficient 



Lilac. 

R. Add carbonate of ammonium to a 
solution of nitrate of cobalt, until 
the precipitate first formed is re- 
dissolved ; adding ammonio-sul- 
phate of copper to bring out the 
desired tint. 

R. Dissolve zaffre (impure oxide of 
cobalt) in muriatic acid, filter, and 
add carbonate of ammonium in 
excess ; to this add ammonio-sul- 
phate of copper, until the re- 
quired color is produced. 

Orange. 

R. Dissolve bichromate of potassium 
in water till the desired tint is ob- 
tained. 

A little sulphuric acid is sometimes added. 

Yellow. 
R. Bichromate of potassium, 

six drachms. 
Carbonate of potassium, 

four drachms. 
Water, sixteen ounces. 

Mix. 

Red. 
R. A. Color the spirit of hartshorn, 
or an aqueous solution of sal am- 
moniac, with cochineal. 



B. Add vinegar to red-beet liquor, or 
to red-cabbage liquor. 

C. Dissolve carmine in the solution 
of ammonia, and dilute with water. 

Green. 

R. A. Dissolve three ounces of verdi- 
gris in sulphuric acid, and add 
four pints of water. 

B. Dissolve one ounce of nickel in six 
ounces of nitric acid, and add five 
pints of water. 

(7. Dissolve ammonio-sulphate of 
copper in water, and add bichro- 
mate of potassium, until the re- 
quired color is produced. 



Dentifrice. 
No. 1. 
R. Powdered tormentilla, 

eighty parts. 
" orris root, forty parts. 

Cream of tartar, twenty parts. 
Fused chloride of calcium, 

four parts. 
Eeduce the chloride rapidly to powder, and 
mix it with the other ingredients. 

Hainault. 

No. 2. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, 

one ounce. 

i . ' I each, half 

rhatany L^ 

" orris root, ) 

Mix carefully. 

No. 3. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, 
" myrrh, 

each, half an ounce. 
" charcoal, two ounces. 

Mix. 



Depilatories. 
No. 1. 
R. Sulphuret of sodium, three parts. 
Quicklime, in powder, ten parts. 
Starch, ten parts. 

Mix. Rub a little of this powder with 
water, apply it to the part, and remove the 
hair in a minute or two with a wooden 
knife. F. Boudet. 



ADDENDA. 



603 



No. 2. 
B. To a strong solution of sulphuret 
of barium, add sufficient pow- 
dered starch to make a paste. 
It is used like the preceding. 

Redwood. 



Mixtures for Colored Fires. 
Red Fire. 
B. Dried nitrate of strontium, 

seventy-two parts. 
Sulphur, twenty partSo 

Gunpowder, eight parts. 

Coal dust, two parts. 

Mix. This mixture is liable to spontaneous 
explosion. Redivood. 

B. Chlorate of potassium, 

sixty-one parts. 
Sulphur, sixteen parts. 

Carbonate of strontium, 

twenty-three parts. 
Mix the powders with the hand. 

Marchand. 

Yellow Fire. 
B. Chlorate of potassium, 

sixty-one parts. 
Sulphur, sixteen parts. 

Dry carbonate of sodium, 

twenty-three parts. 
Mix. Marchand. 

B. Dried nitrate of sodium, 

seventy-four and a half parts. 

Sulphur, nineteen and a half parts. 

Charcoal, six parts. 

Mix. Gray. 

Blue Fire. 

B. Nitre, five parts. 

Sulphur, two parts. 

Metallic antimony, one part. 

Mix. Gray. 

B. Chlorate of potassium, 

sixty-one parts. 
Sulphur, sixteen parts. 

Strongly-calcined alum, 

twenty-three parts. 
Mix. Marchand. 

Green Fire. 

B. Chlorate of potassium, 

seventy-three parts. 
Sulphur, seventeen parts. 



Boracid acid, 



Mix. 



ten parts. 
Marchand. 



Violet Fire. 

B. Chlorate of potassium, sixty parts. 
Sulphur, sixteen parts. 

Carbonate of potassium, 
Alum, each, twelve parts. 

Mix. Marchand. 

"White Fire. 
B. Nitre, forty-six and a half parts. 
Sulphur, twenty-three parts. 

Gunpowder, 

twelve and a half parts. 

Zinc powder, eighteen parts. 

Mix. Gray. 



Liquid Glue. 
B. Glue, two pounds and a half. 

Water, two pints and a quarter. 
Dissolve in a water-bath, and add gradually 
Nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.32), 

seven ounces. 
Eeraove from the fire, and stand aside to 
cool. 

This glue keeps well, and is used for a 
variety of purposes. Dumouh'n. 



Marine Glue. 



B. Caoutchouc, two to four parts. 
Coal-tar naphtha, thirty-four parts. 
Mix, dissolve by heat, and add 

Powdered shellac, sixty-four parts. 
Heat gently, and stir till uniformly mixed ; 
then pour out on plates to harden. 

When used, it is necessary to heat the 
cement to 248° F. and apply it with a 
brush. 

The union made by this cement is very 
durable. Dorvault. 



Inks. 

Black Ink. 
B. Chipped logwood, 

twenty-two pounds. 
Boiling water, sufficient 

to yield fourteen gallons of filtered decoc- 
tion. When cold, add, very gradually, 

Yellow chromate of 

potassium, sufficient 

to obtain the required color. 
This ink does not corrode steel pens. 

Runge. 



604 



ADDENDA, 



B. Powdered extract of logwood, 

(avoir.) twelve ounces. 
Bichromate of potassium, 

half an ounce. 
Water, five gallons. 

Dissolve the ingredients separately in 
water, and mix them. 

In a short time the ink will be fit for use. 
W. H. Pile. 

Blue Ink. 

B. Triturate six parts of Prussian 
blue with a little water and one 
part of oxalic acid, and dilute 
with water. 

Mohr. 

B. Powdered Prussian blue, 

one ounce. 
Concentrated hydrochloric 

acid, one and a half fl. ounces. 

Mix in a glass bottle, and after thirty 
hours dissolve in water. Cooley. 

B. Dissolve indigo in sulphuric acid, 
and add water to produce the 
proper shade. As much potassa 
is to be added as the liquid will 
bear without dropping its color. 
Cooley. 

Red Ink. 

R. Pure carmine, twenty grains. 

Water of ammonia, three ounces. 
Dissolve, and add 

Powdered gum, eighteen grains. 
Mix. 

Where expense constitutes an objection, 
half a drachm of powdered drop-lake may 
be substituted for the powdered carmine. 
Buchner's Repert. 

B. Cochineal, powdered, one ounce. 

Hot water, eight fl. ounces. 

Digest, cool, and add 

Ammonia water, one fl. ounce. 

Water, three fl. ounces. 

Macerate for some days. Cooley. 

B. Brazilwood, four ounces. 

A linn, two ounces. 

Distilled water, two pints. 

Boil for fifteen minutes, and strain; then 
add 

Powdered <rum Arabic, one ounce. 
Mix, and bottle for use. Gray. 



Anilin Inks. 
B. Dissolve fuchsin (or other anilin 
color) in alcohol, add the solu- 
tion to soft water, until the de- 
sired shade is obtained, and 
dissolve in each pint two or 
three drachms of gum Arabic. 

Indelible Ink. 
B. Nitrate of silver, two drachms. 

Gum Arabic, one drachm. 

Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 

Indian ink, sufficient to color. 
Mix and dissolve. 

B. Carbonate of sodium, 

in crystals, two ounces. 

Gum Arabic, two drachms. 



Water. 



four fl. ounces. 



Mix. 

The place to be marked is moistened with 
the last solution and dried. It is then to 
be marked with a pen dipped in the first 
solution, and afterwards exposed to the 
rays of the sun ; and washed after twenty- 
four hours. U. S. Disp. 

Pomatum. 
B. Beef marrow, seventeen drachms. 
Nervine balsam (see p. 499), 

seventeen drachms. 
Bose oil, two drachms. 

Mix together, and add 

Alcoholic extract of cantharides, 
six grains, 
dissolved in a little alcohol. Dupuytren. 

B. Beef marrow, three to four ounces. 
Castor oil, one ounce. 

Melt, and strain the marrow, add the oil, 
and, as the mixture cools, beat continually 
until it assumes a white, frothy appear- 
ance; flavoring with extract of orange. 



Putty. 
Whiting made into a paste with boiled 
linseed oil. 

Sealing Wax. 
Red. 

B. Shellac, two pounds. 

Yenice turpentine, one pound. 

Yermilion, or best dichromate 

of lead, one pound and a half. 

Melt the shellac and turpentine together, 

and add the pigment as the mixture cools. 

Redwood. 



ADDENDA, 



605 



Black 

Is made in the same way as the red, only 
substituting the best lampblack for ver- 
milion or dichromate of lead. 

In like manner, other colors are imparted 
by varying the pigment, and using chromate 
of lead, verdigris, green verditer, etc. 

Redwood. 

Bottle "Wax. 

R. Black resin, six pounds. 

Beeswax, half a pound. 

Ivory-black, or lampblack, 

one pound and a half. 

Melt the resin and wax, and stir in the 
ivory-black. 

Venetian red, red lead, or bole, may be 
substituted for lampblack. Redivood. 



Solders. 
Solder for Tin-plate. 
R. Tin, two parts. 

Lead, one part. 

Mix. 

Solder for Pewter. 
R. Tin, ten parts. 

Lead, five parts. 

Bismuth, one part. 

Mix. 

Solder for Iron, Copper, and Brass. 
R. Copper, 

Zinc, equal parts. 

Mix. 

Solder for Zinc and Lead. 
R. Lead, two parts. 

Tin, one part. 

Mix. 

Solder for Silver. 
R. Silver, five parts. 

Brass, 



Zinc, 



Mix. 



six parts. 

two parts. 

Gray's Snpp. 

Solder for Gold. 

R. Gold, twelve parts. 

Silver, two parts. 

Copper, four parts. 

Mix. Francis. 



Felt Splints. 

Dissolve three pounds of shellac in two 
quarts of alcohol, in a tinned vessel, with a 
tight cover to prevent evaporation. Spread 



a piece of woollen cloth on a board, and 
with a clean brush saturate both sides of 
the cloth with the solution. Hang it up 
until thoroughly dried; then lay it again 
upon the board, and apply a second coat 
of the solution to one side only of the cloth. 
Dry again, and apply a third coat to the 
same side. While the last coat is yet fresh, 
fold the cloth so that the side having three 
coats shall be applied to itself. Then, with 
a hot flat-iron, smooth, and press the sur- 
faces together. When cold, a slight rub- 
bing with sand-paper makes it fit for use. 

It becomes a firm, almost unyielding 

board ; but exposure to a moderate heat 

will make it pliant, so that it can easily 

and accurately be adapted to any surface. 

Dr. F. H. Hamilton. 



Tracing Paper. 



Paper brushed over with a thin varnish 
of colorless Damara resin, the varnish being 
allowed to soak through the paper without 
any apparent coating of it remaining on 
the surface. Redwood. 



Varnishes. 



Varnish for Coating Metals. 
R. Copal, 

Oil of rosemary, each, one part. 

Alcohol, two to three parts. 

Mix. It should be applied hot, and, when 

dry, it will be found very hard and durable. 

Schindler. 
Varnish for Leather. 
R. Oil of turpentine, saturated 

with caoutchouc, six parts. 

Copal, 

Oil of rosemary, each, two parts. 
Mix. This varnish should be applied some- 
what fluid, and always dried at a high tem- 
perature. Schindler. 

R. Alcohol, twenty gallons. 

Shellac, thirty-five pounds. 

Resin, twenty pounds. 

White turpentine, ten pounds. 

Powdered lampblack, four pounds. 
Bruise the shellac and resin, put them in 
the alcohol, and stir ten or twelve times 
during the day, which will prevent the for- 
mation of lumps, and will nearly dissolve 
it in one day. Next day add the turpen- 
tine, and stir five or six times ; the third 
day stir in the powdered and sifted lamp- 
black. 

No heat is employed. E. S. Frey. 



606 



ADDENDA, 



Varnish for Furniture. 

R. Dissolve fused copal in oil of 
turpentine. 

If the copal has not been kept a sufficient 
time in a state of fusion, the varnish made 
with it remains soft for some time after it is 
dry, and afterwards peels off. Schindler. 

Amber Varnish. 

R. Amber, one pound. 

Place it in an iron pot, and render it semi- 
fluid by heat ; then add 

Pale boiled oil, ten ounces. 

Mix, remove from the fire, and add 

Oil of turpentine, one pint. 

Stir well together. Cooley. 

Japan Varnish. 

R. Oil of turpentine, eight ounces. 

" lavender, six ounces. 

Camphor, one drachm. 

Bruised copal, two ounces. 



Mix, and dissolve. Used for japanning tin. 

Cooley. 

Lac Varnish (Aqueous). 

R. Pale shellac, five ounces. 

Borax, one ounce. 

Water, one pint. 

Digest at nearly the boiling point until 
dissolved; then strain. A good vehicle 
for water colors, inks, etc. Cooley. 

Lac Varnish. 

R. Shellac, ninety parts. 

Yenice turpentine, four parts. 

Alcohol, five hundred parts. 

Digest until dissolved, and strain. Gray. 

Copal Varnish. 

A variety of methods is resorted to for 
making copal varnish. One of the cheap- 
est is to dissolve copal in drying linseed 
oil, near the boiling point, and, when suffi- 
ciently cool, to dilute the mixture with oil 
of turpentine. Cooley. 



DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 

i 

NOT INCLUDED AMONG THE PREVIOUS PRESCRIPTIONS. 



Tous les Mois. 

This is a variety of arrowroot, prepared 
from the rhizomes of a species of Carina, 
and is to be employed in the same manner 
and in same cases as arrowroot. 

Mucilage of Salep. 

Salep is the prepared bulbs of several 
species of orchidaceous plants. It is more 
nutritive than arrowroot or sago, and hence 
is adapted for the convalescent, rather 
than for the sick. These roots are pow- 
dered with much difficulty. The mucilage 
is prepared by dissolving the powder in 
boiling water, constantly stirring, and ad- 
ding to the solution sugar and milk. Sou- 
beiran orders powdered salep, half an 
ounce, to be boiled with a sufficient quan- 
tity of water till dissolved, four ounces of 
sugar added, and to be aromatized accord- 
ing to taste. 

Biscuit Jelly. 

White biscuit, four ounces, to be 
boiled down in four pints of water, to 
one-half, strained, and evaporated to 
one pint ; one pound of white sugar, 
four ounces of port wine, and one 
drachm of cinnamon water added, and 
the whole well mixed. 

It has been found useful in debility of 
the digestive organs. A. T. Thomson. 

Bread Jelly. 

Cut a French roll into slices, toast 
these on both sides, and boil in a 
quart of water until the whole forms 
a jelly, adding more water if required ; 
strain, and flavor. 

This is nutritious, and may be made more 
so by using broth, wholly deprived of fat, 
instead of water. Cooley. 

Panada. 

Stale wheat bread, one ounce ; cin- 
namon, one drachm ; water, one pint. 



Cover up and let stand for an hour, beat 
up and boil for ten minutes, adding a little 
grated nutmeg and sugar. Wine may be 
added, if required. Ellis. 

Compound Salep Powders. 

Powdered salep, tragacanth, and 
sago, each, four ounces ; cochineal, 
half a drachm ; prepared oyster-shells, 
one ounce. 

These are to be carefully mixed and 
divided into powders of one drachm each. 
Stir one of these into a pint of milk, and 
boil for ten or fifteen minutes. To be 
taken freely in diarrhoea and dysentery. 

Ellis. 

These are known as Castanello's pow- 
ders, for which the following is used as a 
substitute : — 

Powdered gum Arabic, tragacanth, 
arrowroot, sago, and tapioca, each, 
two drachms. Mix them well toge- 
ther, boil in a pint of milk, flavored 
with nutmeg or cinnamon. 

Used as a diet in dysentery, diarrhoea, 
etc. 

Vegetable Broth. 
Take two potatoes, one carrot, one 
turnip, and one onion. 

Slice them, and boil in a quart of water 
for an hour, adding more water from time 
to time, so as to keep up the original quan- 
tity ; flavor with salt, and a small portion 
of potherbs ; strain. When advisable, a 
small quantity of mushroom catsup added 
to this broth greatly improves its taste. 

A good substitute for animal food, when 
the last is inadmissible. Ellis. 

Gloucester Jelly. 

Rice, sago, pearl barley, hartshorn 
shavings, eryngium root, each, one 
ounce ; boil in three pints of water 
to one pint, and strain. 

This is very nutritive, dissolved in broth, 
milk, or wine. A. T. Thomson. 

( 60T ) 



608 



DIETETIC PREPARATION'S. 



Almond Jelly. 

Blanched sweet almonds and white 
sugar, each, one ounce ; water, four 
ounces ; make an emulsion ; strain, 
and add melted hartshorn jelly, half 
a pound ; orange-flower water, one 
drachm ; and es^nce of lemon, two 
or three drops. 

Cooley. 

Boiled Flour. 

Take of fine flour a pound, tie it up 
in a linen cloth as tight as possible, 
and after frequently dipping it into 
cold water, dredge the outside with 
flour, till a crust is formed round it, 
which will prevent the water soaking 
into it, whilst boiling. 

Boil for a long time, and permit to cool, 
when it will become a hard, dry mass. 

This is to be grated and prepared like 
arrowroot. A good diet for children, in 
diarrhoea, etc. Ellis. 

Beef Tea. 

Take of lean beef, cut into shreds, 
one pound ; water, one quart. 

Boil for twenty minutes, removing any 
scum that arises. When it has become 
cold, strain. Ellis. 

Take half a pound of good rump 
steak, cut into thin slices, and spread 
these in a hollow dish ; sprinkle a 
little salt over them, and pour upon 
the whole a pint of boiling water. 

Cover the dish and place it near the fire 
for half an hour ; then remove to a pan and 
boil for fifteen minutes ; strain through a 
fine sieve. 

The quantity of water is too small for 
the strength of the tea for invalids, but is 
sufficient to extract all the soluble parts of 
the beef, and the tea can be reduced to the 
proper strength by the addition of boiling 
water. A. T. Thomson. 

Essence of Beef. 

Take of lean beef, sliced, a sufficient 
quantity to fill the body of a porter 
bottle, cork up loosely, and place it 
in a pot of cold water, attaching the 
neck, by means of a string, to the 
handle of the pot. 

Boil for an hour and a half to two hours, 
then decant the liquid and skim it. 

To Hi is preparation may be added spices, 
salt, wine, brandy, etc., according to the 
taste of the patient and nature of the dis- 
ease. Ellis. 



Mutton Tea. 
Take one pound of good mutton, 
freed from the fat, and cut into thin 
slices ; pour over it a pint and a half 
of boiling water, in the same manner 
as directed for beef tea; but it re- 
quires to be boiled for half an hour, 
previous to straining. 

If the invalid desires the addition of 
barley, an ounce of clean pearl barley, 
washed, and macerated in boiling water for 
an hour, may be boiled with the mutton 
tea, and the undissolved barley separated 
by straining. A. T. Thomson. 

Veal Tea. 

This is to be made in the same 
manner as beef tea, using a pound of 
the fillet of veal, freed from fat and 
sliced, and a pint and a half of boiling 
water ; boiling for half an hour. It 
may also be made with the same 
quantity of the fleshy part of a 
knuckle of veal. By boiling this 
latter down to one-half, and strain- 
ing, the decoction will gelatinize, and, 
if poured into small cups, will keep 
good for several days. 

By the addition of an equal quantity of 
boiling water to this jelly, it is fit for use 
in a few minutes. A. T. Thomson. 

Chicken "Water. 

Take half a chicken, divested of all 
fat, and break the bones ; add to this 
half a gallon of water. 

Boil for half an hour, strain, and season 
with salt. Ellis. 

Take a small chicken, free it from 
the skin, and from all the fat between 
the muscles ; divide it longitudinally 
into halves ; remove the lungs, liver, 
etc., then cut it, bones and muscles, 
into thin slices, and put these into a 
pan with a sufficient quantity of salt ; 
add a quart of boiling water, cover 
the pan, and simmer slowly for two 
hours ; strain through a fine sieve. 

A. T. Thomson. 

Calves' -Feet Jelly. 

Take two calves' feet, and add to 
them one gallon of water, and boil 
down to one quart ; strain, and when 
cold, remove all fat; then add the 
whites of six or eight eggs, well 



DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 



609 



beaten; a pint of wine, half a pound 
of loaf sugar, and the juice of four 
lemons, and mix well. 

Boil for a few minutes, constantly stir- 
ring ; then strain through a flannel bag. 
The wine may be omitted if necessary. 

Ellis. 

Toast Water. 

Toast thoroughly a slice of stale 
bread, put it in a jug, and pour over 
it a quart of water which has been 
boiled and cooled, and in two hours 
decant ; a small piece of orange or 
lemon- peel put into the jug with the 
bread, improves the flavor greatly. 

This forms a good drink in febrile affec- 
tions. A. T. Thomson. 

Apple "Water. 

Slice two large apples, and pour 
over the slices a pint of boiling water. 

Let stand for an hour, and decant ; if 
necessary, sweeten with a little white sugar. 
A. T. Thomson. 

It is also prepared by boiling for an hour, 
ten ounces of sliced apple in two pints of 
water, and straining. Soubeiran. 

Lemon-Peel Water. 

Pare the rind of one lemon, which 
has been previously rubbed with half 
an ounce "of refined loaf sugar, put the 
peeling and sugar into a jar, and pour 
over them a quart of boiling water. 
When cold, pour off the fluid, and add 
a tablespoonful of lemon juice. 

If wine be not improper, a glass of sherry 
may be added, instead of the lemon juice. 
A. T. Thomson. 

Bran Tea. 

Fresh wheat bran, one pound ; 
water, three quarts. 

Boil down to one quart, strain, and add 
sugar, honey, or molasses, according to the 
taste of the patient. 

Chicken Panada. 

Take the white meat of a boiled or 
roasted chicken, free it from the skin, 
and cut it into small morsels ; pound, 
these in a mortar with an equal quan- 
tity of stale bread, and a sufficiency 
of salt, adding gradually some of the 
water in which the chicken has been 
boiled, or some beef tea, until the 
whole forms a thin, fluid paste. 
39 



Put this into a pan, and boil for ten 
minutes, continually stirring. 

A. T. Thomson. 

Mutton Broth. 

Take a pound of mutton, freed from 
fat, put it into a pan with three pints 
of water, and simmer for two hours. 
Take three carrots, the same number 
of turnips, peel, and cut them in slices, 
boil them for half an hour in a quart 
of water, throw them an a colander to 
drain off the water, and having boiled 
two onions sliced in a pint of water, 
and poured off the water, add the 
whole of these vegetables to the 
mutton liquor; after removing the 
meat, season with salt and a little 
celery seed. 

Simmer slowlyfor four hours, put in the 
meat again, and continue to -simmer for 
another hour. The meat may be served 
with the broth. A palatable and very nu- 
tritive dish for convalescents. 

A. T. Thomson. 

Fowl -with Rice. 

Free a young fowl from the skin 
and the fat on the exterior of the 
body, and simmer it in good beef tea, 
till it is very tender. 

Season with salt, and, having boiled some 
rice, add it to the liquor before the fowl is 
dished. A. T. Thomson. 

Water Souchy. 

Take two small, fresh flounders, 
boil them in a quart of water to one- 
third, or long enough to reduce the 
fish to a pulp ; strain the liquor 
through a sieve, and, having cut off 
the fins of four other small flounders, 
put the latter into the liquor, with a 
sufficiency of salt, a few grains of 
Cayenne pepper, and a small quantity 
of chopped parsley, and boil till the 
fish is perfectly done. 

The fish and liquor are to be eaten to- 
gether. Few dishes are more relished by 
convalescents from fever. A. T. Thomson. 

Scale, gut, and wash two perch; 
put salt in the water ; when it boils, 
put in the fish, with an onion cut into 
slices and separated into rings, and a 
handful of parsley picked and washed 
clean. 



610 



DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 



When the fish are done, put them in a 
soup-dish, and pour the liquor over them. 

Hojiand. 

Mulled Wine. 

Take a quarter of an ounce of 
bruised cinnamon, half a nutmeg, 
grated, and ten bruised cloves ; infuse 
them in half a pint of boiling water 
for an hour, strain, and add half an 
ounce of white sugar. 

Pour the whole into a pint of hot port or 
sherry wine. 

A good cordial and restorative in the 
low stages of fever, or in the debility of 
convalescents from fevers. 

A. T. Thomson. 

Cold Custard. 

Take the yolk and white of an egg, 
and a tablespoonful of sugar ; beat to- 
gether till the tenacity of the white 
of the egg is entirely destroyed ; add 
gradually, constantly stirring, half a 
pint of cold water, two teaspoonfuls 
of rose-water, and a little grated nut- 
meg. 

A wineglassful to be taken every two or 
three hours. Dewees. 

Molasses Posset. 

Put in a saucepan a pint of best 
molasses, a teaspoonful of powdered 
white ginger, and a quarter of a 
pound of fresh butter. 

Simmer for half an hour, stirring fre- 
quently. Then stir in the juice of two 
lemons, or two tablespoonfuls of vinegar, 
cover the pan, and let it stand by the fire 
five minutes. A. T. Thomson. 

Chicken Jelly. 

Cut a chicken into small pieces, 
bruise the bones, and put the whole 
into a stone jar, with a cover that fits 
water-tight. Set the jar in a large 
kettle of boiling water, and keep it 
boiling for three hours. 

Then strain, and season with salt, pepper, 

and mace, or with loaf sugar and lemon 

juice, according to circumstances and taste. 

A. T. Thomson. 

Chocolate. 

Put milk and water on to boil ; 
then scrape the chocolate fine, one or 
two squares to a pint, as will best 



suit the stomach ; when the mixture 
of milk and water boils, take it off 
the fire, throw the chocolate into it, 
mill it well, and serve it up with the 
froth. 

The sugar may be mixed with the scraped 
chocolate, or added afterwards. It should 
never be made before it is wanted, as heat- 
ing it again injures the flavor, and causes 
a separation of the oil. Cooley. 

Chocolate Milk. 

Dissolve an ounce of scraped choco- 
late in a pint of boiling new milk. 

Cooley. 

Coffee Milk. 

Boil a dessertspoonful of ground 
coffee in a pint of milk, for a quarter 
of an hour ; then clear it with white 
of egg or isinglass, let it boil for a few 
minutes, and set it by the side of the 
fire to fine. Sweeten according to 
taste. 

This is a suitable breakfast for those of 
spare habit, and disposed to affections of 
the lungs. Cooley. 

Rice Custard. 

Boil half a cupful of the best ground 
rice in a pint of milk, until dissolved; 
then mix it with a quart of cream; 
flavor with nutmeg, mace, and a little 
brandy. 

Cooley. 

Frumenty. 

Bruised wheat, boiled in water until 
quite soft; drain, thin with- milk, 
sweeten, and flavor according to taste. 

The bruised wheat boiled to a paste, and, 
when cold, eaten with milk, in the evening, 
for some time, will often relieve costive- 
ness. 

Ginger Beer. 

Take of- white sugar, three pounds ; 
bruised ginger, two ounces ; cream of 
tartar, one ounce; lemons, sliced, four; 
boiling water, four gallons; yeast, 
eight ounces. 

Pour the water on the four first-named 
ingredients, and infuse for two hours; then 
strain, add the yeast, and, when fermenta- 
tion has continued for some hours, put into 
stone bottles and tie down the corks. 

Gray. 



DIETETIC PEEPAEATIONS. 



611 



Spruce Beer. 

Take of sugar, six pounds ; essence 
of spruce, four ounces ; boiling water, 
ten gallons ; yeast, eight ounces. 

Add the water to the sugar and essence, 
ferment with the yeast, and bottle in the 
same way as ginger beer. Gray. 

Molasses Beer. 

Take of molasses, fourteen pounds ; 
hops, a pound and a half; water, 
thirty-six gallons ; yeast, a pound. 

Boil the hops in the water, add the mo- 
lasses, and ferment. Gray. 

Caudle. 

Into a pint of thin gruel, put, while 
it is boiling hot, the yolk of an egg^ 
beaten with sugar, and mixed with a 
tablespoonful of cold water, a glass 
of wine, and some nutmeg. 

Mix well together. 

A nourishing, restorative mixture, given 
during convalescence. Gray. 

Barley Mixture. 

Take of pearl barley, sliced figs, 
stoned raisins, each, two ounces and 
a half; liquorice root, sliced and 
bruised, five drachms; water, five 
pints and a half. 

Clean the barley by washing, boil it in 
four and a half pints of the water down to 
two pints ; add the figs, raisins, and liquo- 
rice root, with the remaining pint of water ; 
boil down to two pints, and strain. 

This is nutritive and demulcent. Gray. 



Artificial Asses' Milk. 

Boil together a pint of water and 
an ounce of hartshorn shavings, until 
reduced to a jelly; add two ounces 
of white sugar ; when cold, mix with 
a pint of new milk, and a teaspoonful 
of syrup of Tolu. 

To be taken freely, as a nutritive bever- 
age. Cooley. 

Isinglass Blancmange. 

Isinglass, a quarter of a pound ; 
rose water, half a pint ; milk, two 
quarts ; milk of almonds, half a pint. 

Boil to a proper consistence, and permit 
to cool. Hoffmann. 

Rice Blancmange. 

Ground rice, two ounces ; milk, one 
pint; lump sugar, three ounces; a 
little lemon-peel and cinnamon. 

Dissolve the rice in the milk, by boiling, 
reduce it to a proper consistence, then add 
the spice and sugar ; boil for a few minutes, 
strain, and let cool. The rice should be 
rubbed up with a little water, before adding 
it to the milk, to prevent it from being in 
lumps. Cooley. 

Soda Cakes. 
Flour, one pound ; bicarbonate of 
sodium, a quarter of an ounce ; sugar 
and butter, each, half a pound ; make 
a paste with milk ; add candied orange, 
lemon, or citron, or the fresh peel, 
grated, according to taste. 

They may be made with the same quan- 
tity of carbonate of magnesium, instead of 
the soda, and the candied peel omitted. In 
dyspepsia, with acidity. Cooley. 



LIST OF INCOMPATIBLES. 



A complete list of all the inconipatibles to each medicinal agent would 
swell the catalogue to an inordinate degree. The following is only intended 
to present the chief incompatibles. 

It should also be borne in mind that clinical experiments have not yet 
been sufficiently numerous, to determine whether the substances capable of 
producing precipitation in vegetable solutions, are really incompatible with 
the active medicinal principles of the plants in question. 



Absinthium, with sulphates of iron 
and zinc, acetates of lead, nitrate 
of silver, tartar emetic. 

Acacia, with Goulard's extract, alco- 
hol, nitric acid, tincture of chlo- 
ride of iron. 

Acidum Aceticum, with alkalies, alka- 
line and earthy carbonates. 

Acidum Citricum, with acetates of 
lead, nitrate and acetate of mer- 
cury, alkalies, alkaline and earthy 
sulphurets, and carbonates. 

Acidum Arseniosum, with magnesia, 
lime water, alkaline and earthy 
sulphurets, hydrated peroxide of 
iron, astringent vegetable infu- 
sions and decoctions. 

Acidum Gallicum, with lime water, 
alkaline carbonates, acetate of 
lead, salts of copper, nitrate of 
silver, iodide of iron, sulphate of 
iron, tartar emetic, solution of 
opium, etc. 

Acidum Hydrocyantcum, with mine- 
ral acids, metallic oxides, chlo- 
rine, etc. 

Acidum Muriaticum, with alkalies 
and their carbonates, alkaline 
earths, metallic oxides and car- 
bonates, sulphuret and tartrate 
of potassium, salts of silver, lead, 
and mercury. 
( 612) 



Acidum Nitricum, with the metallic 
oxides, the carbonates, the sali- 
fiable bases, the essential oils, 
etc. 

Acidum Nitro-muriattcum, with ox- 
ides, earths, and alkalies, the sul- 
phurets, etc. 

Acidum Phosphoricum, with the so- 
luble salts of calcium, barium, 
and lead. 

Acidum Sulphuricum, with the 
earths, alkalies, and their carbon- 
ates, the sulphurets, etc. 

Acidum Tannicum, with per salts of 
iron, albumen, gelatin, alkalies, 
alkaline earths, and carbonates, 
tartar emetic, acetate of lead, 
vegetable alkaloids, etc. 

Acidum Tartaricum, with alkalies 
and their carbonates, and the al- 
kaline earths and carbonates. 

^Ether Hyponitrosus, with alcoholic 
solution of caustic potassa. 

JEtiier Muriaticus, with solution of 
caustic potassa. 

Alumen, with the alkalies and alka- 
line carbonates, lime, magnesia, 
acetate of lead, infusion of galls, 
etc. 

Ammonia, with acids, mineral salts, 
alum, etc. 



LIST OP IKCOMPATIBLES. 



613 



Ammonii AcETAS,with alkalies, strong- 
acids, corrosive sublimate, ni- 
trate of silver, alkaline earths, 
salts of quinia, etc. 

Ammonii Carbonas, with acids, caus- 
tic potassa and soda, magnesia, 
alum, chloride of calcium, bitar- 
trate and bisulphate of potassium, 
the salts of iron, bichloride of 
mercury, salts of lead, of zinc, 
etc. 

Ammonii Chloridum, with sulphuric 
and nitric acids, salts of lead and 
silver, potassa, soda, their car- 
bonates, lime, etc. 

Angustura, with sulphates of iron 
and copper, nitrate of silver, tar- 
tar emetic, acetates of lead, bi- 
chloride of mercury, potassa, in- 
fusion of galls, etc. 

Anthemis, with solution of gelatin, 
infusions containing gallic acid, 
salts of iron, nitrate of silver, 
salts of lead, bichloride of mer- 
cury, etc. 

Antimonii Sulphuretum, with nitric 
and nitro-muriatic acids. 

Antimonii et Potassii Tartras, 
with alkalies and earths, and 
their carbonates, strong acids, 
sulphurets, lime water, chloride 
of calcium, salts of lead, soaps, 
infusions containing gallic acid, 
rhubarb, etc. 

Armoracia, with carbonates of the 
alkalies, bichloride of mercury, 
nitrate of silver, vegetable bit- 
ters and astringents, etc. 

Argenti Nitras, with the fixed alka- 
lies, muriatic and arsenious acids, 
and their salts, lime, the phos- 
phates, acetates, iodides, bro- 
mides, chlorides, and sulphurets, 
astringent vegetable infusions, 
etc. 

Arnica, with sulphates of iron and 
zinc, acetate of lead, mineral 
acids, etc. 

Aurantii Cortex, with infusion of 
bark, sulphate of iron, lime water, 
etc. 



Barii Chloridum, with the alkaline 
and earthy carbonates, alum, ni- 
trate of silver, etc. 

Benzoinum, with the acids and. alka- 
lies. 

Bistorta, with salts of iron, gelatin, 
etc. 

Belladonna, with caustic alkaline so- 
lutions, tannin, vegetable astrin- 
gents, etc. 

Bismuthi Nitras, with the alkalies, 
vegetable astringents, etc. 

Calamus, with acetate of lead. 

Calcii Carbonas, with the acids and. 
acidulous salts, alum, chloride of 
ammonium. 

Calcii Chloridum Liquor, with the 
soluble sulphates and carbonates, 
carbonate of magnesium, etc. 

Calcis Liquor, with the mineral and 
acetic, phosphoric, tartaric, and 
citric acids, chloride of ammo- 
nium, the alkaline carbonates, 
soap, the vegetable astringents, 
alum, sulphates of iron and zinc, 
sulphate of magnesium, chlorides 
of mercury, nitrate of silver. 

Calumba, with ammonia, lime water, 
mineral acids, chloride of iron, 
nitrate of silver, acetate of lead. 

Capsicum, with corrosive sublimate, 
acetate of lead, nitrate of silver, 
sulphates of iron, zinc, and cop- 
per, carbonates of the alkalies. 

Cardamomum, with the acids, sul- 
phate of iron, bichloride of mer- 
cury, etc. 

Caryophyllus, with tartar emetic, 
sulphates of iron and zinc, etc. 

Cascarilla, with lime water, sul- 
phates of iron and zinc, infusions 
containing tannic or gallic acid. 

Cassia Fistula, with alcohol. 

Catechu, with alkalies, the salts of 
iron, gelatin, etc. 

Cinchona, with strong acids, alkalies, 
sulphates of iron and zinc, nitrate 
of silver, tartar emetic, lime, 
magnesia, etc. 



614 



LIST OF IXCOMPATIBLES. 



Coccus, with acetate of lead, sulphates 
of zinc and iron. 

Colchicum, with acids, which render 
the vinous tincture drastic; al- 
kalies, on the contrary, render it 
milder in its operation. 

Colocynthis, with fixed alkalies, sul- 
phate of iron, nitrate of silver, 
acetate of lead, etc. 

Conium, with the strong acids, alka- 
lies, tannin, etc. 

Contrayerva (tincture), with water. 

Copaiba, with the mineral acids. 

Coptis Trifolia, with nitrate of sil- 
ver, and acetate of lead. 

Creta Pr^eparata, with acids and 
acidulous salts, alum, chloride of 
ammonium. 

Cuprum Ammoniatum, with acids, 
potassa and soda, lime water. 

Cupri Sulphas, with fixed alkalies, 
ammonia, the carbonates, bi- 
chloride of mercury, arsenite of 
potassium, nitrate of silver, ace- 
tate of lead, vegetable infusions, 
etc. 

Cydonia, with acids, most metallic 
salts, alcohol. 

Digitalis, with sulphate of iron, in- 
fusion of Peruvian bark, acetate 
of lead, tannin, and vegetable 
astringents. 

Ferrum Ammoniatum, with acids, the 
fixed alkalies, lime water, astrin- 
gent infusions. 

Ferri Iodidum, with fixed alkalies, 
lime water, vegetable astringents, 
etc. 

Ferri et Potassii Tartras, with 
the mineral acids, alkalies, vege- 
table astringents. 

Ferri Subcarbonas, with the mine- 
ral acids, acidulous salts, etc. 

Ferri Chloridum, with alkalies and 
their "carbonates, lime water, car- 
bonate of calcium, magnesium, 
ami iis carbonate, solution of 
gum, vegetable astringents. 



Ferri Sulphas, with nitric acid, fixed 
alkalies, and their carbonates, 
lime water, nitrates of potassium 
and of silver, borate of sodium, 
acetate of lead, iodide of potas- 
sium, vegetable astringents, etc. 

Galea, with alkalies, the carbonates 
of the alkalies, lime water, salts 
of iron, zinc, lead, bismuth, tartar 
emetic, bichloride of mercury, 
gelatin, vegetable alkaloids, etc. 

Guaiaci Tinctura, with water, the 
mineral acids, spirit of nitrous 
ether, earthy and metallic salts, 
etc. 

Granatum (Cortex), with sulphate 
of iron, etc. 

ILematoxylon, with mineral acids, 
alum, sulphates of iron and cop- 
per, tartar emetic, acetate of lead. 

Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum, with 
muriatic and other acids, the 
fixed alkalies, and protochloride 
of tin. 

Hydrargyri Chloridum mite, with 
the alkalies, lime, chlorides, and 
carbonates of the alkalies, nitric 
acid, salts of iron, lead, and cop- 
per, iodide of potassium, soaps, 
etc. 

Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosi- 
vum, with alkalies and lime, and 
their carbonates, tartar emetic, 
sulphuret of potassium, soap, 
iron, copper, lead, and their salts, 
nitrate of silver, albumen, gela- 
tin, gluten, milk, vegetable as- 
tringents, fixed oils, etc. 

Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum, with 
the mineral and vegetable acids. 

Hydrargyri Oxidum Nigrum, with 
the mineral and vegetable acids. 

Hydrargyri Iodidum, with the mine- 
ral acids, soluble chlorides, and 
iodides. 

Hydrargyri Iodidum Rubrum, with 
the mineral acids, iodides, and 
chlorides. 



LIST OF IXCOMPATIBLES 



615 



Hydrargyrum cum Creta, with the 
mineral and organic acids, acidu- 
lous salts, alum, etc. 

Hyoscyamus, with acetate of lead, 
nitrate of silver, sulphate of iron, 
tannin, and the vegetable astrin- 
gents. 

Iodinium, with starch,* alkalies, and 
alkaline earths. 

Ipecacuanha, with the vegetable as- 
tringents, acetate of lead, etc. 

KrNO, with the salts of iron, acetate 
of lead, the mineral acids, gelatin, 
tartar emetic, etc, 

Krameria, with salts of iron, acetate 
of lead, gelatin, mineral acids, 
etc. 

Magnesia, with acids and acidulous 
salts, chloride of ammonium, me- 
tallic salts. 

Magnesii Carbonas, with acids and 
acidulous salts, metallic salts, 
lime water, chloride of ammo- 
nium, bitartrate of potassium. 

Magnesii Sulphas, with ammonia, 
acetate of lead, chloride of cal- 
cium, lime water, potassa and 
soda, and their carbonates, etc. 

Mentha, with sulphate of iron, ni- 
trate of silver, acetate of lead, 
etc. 

Morphia Acetas, with alkaline car- 
bonates, ammonia, vegetable as- 
tringents, all articles incompati- 
ble with infusion of opium, except 
acetate of lead. 

Morphia Murias, with acetate of 
lead, tannin, ammonia, alkaline 
carbonates, etc. 

Moschus, with mineral acids, bichlo- 
ride of mercury, sulphate of iron, 
nitrate of silver, infusion of bark, 
etc. 

Opium, with alkalies and their carbo- 
nates, nitrate of silver, acetate of 
lead, salts of copper, iron, and 
zinc, astringent infusions, etc. 



Potass a, with acids and acidulous 
salts, earthy and metallic salts, 
salts of ammonium, etc. 

Potassii Acetas, with mineral acids, 
sulphates of sodium and magne- 
sium, tartaric acid, most metallic 
and earthy salts, except the ace- 
tates, etc. 

Potassii Arsenitis, LIquor, with 
lime water, acids, chlorides of 
iron and calcium, sulphate of 
magnesium, alum, sulphates of 
iron and copper, iodide of iron, 
nitrate of silver, vegetable astrin- 
gents. 

Potassii Bitartras, with strong 
acids, 'lime water, ammonia, the 
alkaline carbonates, magnesia, 
sulphate and carbonate of mag- 
nesium, etc. 

Potassii Bromidum, with acid and 
acidulous salts, except bitartrate 
of potassium, with the salts of 
lead, silver, and mercury, etc. 

Potassii Carbonas, with acids, me- 
tallic salts, lime water, sulphate 
of magnesium, salts of ammo- 
nium, alum, calomel, etc. 

Potassii Citras, with salts of cal- 
cium, lead, and silver, sulphuric 
and other acids. 

Potassii Iodidum, with acetate of 
lead, bichloride of mercury, tar- 
taric acid, metallic salts, all acids 
and acidulous salts, except bitar- 
trate of potassium. 

Potassii Nitras, with alum, sulphate 
of magnesium, metallic sulphates, 
sulphuric acid, muriatic acid 
(when heated), tartaric acid. 

Potassii Sulphas, with tartaric acid, 
acetate of lead, chloride of cal- 
cium, bichloride of mercuiy, ni- 
trate of silver, etc. 

Potassii Sulphuretum, with acids 
and most metallic salts. 

Potassii Tartras, with most acids, 
lime water, acetate of lead, nitrate 
of silver, chloride of calcium. 



GIG 



LIST OP INCOMPATIBLES. 



Pimenta, with alum, ammonia, alka- 
line carbonates, salts of iron, 
copper, zinc, and silver, vegeta- 
ble astringents. 

Piper Nigrum, with vegetable astrin- 
gents. 

Plumbi Acetas, with the alkalies and 
their carbonates, the mineral and 
vegetable acids (except acetic 
acid), the tartrates and bitar- 
trates, alkaline and metallic sul- 
phates and chlorides, alum, borax, 
lime water, vegetable astringents, 
infusion of opium, the soaps, 
milk. 

Plumbi Iodidum, with solution of 
potassa, sulphuric acid. 

Quassia, with nitrate of silver, ace- 
tate of lead, etc. 

Quinije Sulphas, with tartrate of 
potassium, alkalies and their car- 
bonates, lime water, infusion of 
galls. 

Rheum, with strong acids, lime water, 
sulphates of iron and zinc, tartar 
emetic, bichloride of mercury. 

Rosa Gallica, with sulphates of iron 
and zinc, gelatin, lime water. 

Salix, with lime water, sulphate of 
iron, alkaline carbonates, solu- 
tion of isinglass. 

Salvia, with salts of iron. 

Sapo (and liniments, etc., containing 
it), with sulphates of calcium 
and magnesium, chloride of cal- 
cium, alum, metallic salts, lime 
water. 

Sarsaparilla, with infusion of galls, 
lime water, acetate of lead. 

Scilla, with lime water, alkaline car- 
bonates, nitrate of silver, acetate 
of lead, etc. 

Senna, with strong acids, carbonates 
of the alkalies, lime water, tartar 
emetic. 



Serpentaria, with acetate of lead. 

Sodii Carbonas, with acids, bitar- 
trate of potassium, acidulous, 
metallic, and earthy salts, lime 
water. 

Sodii Phosphas, with mineral acids, 
lime, magnesia, earthy and metal- 
lic salts. 

Sodii Sulphas, with salts precipitated 
by sulphuric acid, carbonates of 
potassium, acetate of potassium. 

Sodii et Potassii Tartras, with 
most acids and acidulous salts, 
acetate of lead, nitrate of silver. 

Spiritus JEtheris Nitrosi, with sul- 
phate of iron, tincture of guaia- 
cum, alkaline and earthjr carbon- 
ates, especially those with an 
excess of acid. 



Tamarindus, with the salts of potass- 
ium, the alkaline carbonates, lime 
water, tartar emetic. 

Taraxacum, with corrosive subli- 
mate, sulphate of iron, nitrate of 
silver, acetate of lead, infusion 
of galls, etc. 

Thea, with salts of iron, gelatin, 
lime water, etc. 

Tormentilla, with solution of isin- 
glass, salts of iron, alkalies, etc. 

Tragacanth, with sulphates of iron 
and copper, acetate of lead, alco- 
hol, etc. 

Ulmus, with alcoholic tinctures, if 
added in quantity. 

Uva Ursi, with salts of iron, gelatin, 
tartar emetic. 



Zinci Oxidum, with acids, acidulous 
salts, potassa, soda, and ammo- 
nia. 

Zinci Sulphas, with potassa, soda, 
and ammonia, and their carbon- 
ates, the sulphurets, milk, muci- 
lages, astringent vegetable infu- 



POSOLOGICAL TABLE 



OF THE 



MOST IMPORTANT MEDICINES 



Absinthium, Infusion, fjj to ij. 
Extract, grs. x to xx. 
Tincture, gtt. xx to f3ij. 
Oil, gtt. ij to iv. 
Acetosella, Extract, 9j to 3ss. 
Aciduria Arseniosum, gr. r ^ to J. 1 
Benzoicum, grs. x to xx. 
Boracicum, grs. v to xx. 
Carbolicum, grs. j to iij. 
Gallicum, grs. ij to x. 
Hydrocyanicum (medicinal), gtt. 

j to ij. 
Hydrioclicum, gtt. v to x. 
Lacticum, Bj to ij. 
Muriaticum, gtt. v to x. 

dilut. gtt. xx to xxx. 
Nitricum, gtt. ij to vj. 

dilut. gtt. xx to xxx. 
Nitromuriaticum, gtt. ij to iv. 

dilutum, rri x to xv. 
Pkosphoricum, dilut. gtt. x to f5j. 
Sulphuric una, gtt. ij to v. 

dilut. gtt. x to xxx. 

aromatic, gtt. v to xx. 
Tannicum, grs. j to iij. 
Tartaricum, grs. x to xxx. 
Aconitum, Powder, grs. j to ij. 
Extract, gr. j. 

alcoholic, gr. ^ to ■§•. 

of root, gr. J to ^. 
Root, gr. ss to j. 
Tincture of root, gtt. v to vj. 
Tincture of leaves, gtt. x to xv. 
JSther, Acetic, gtt. x to f 3j. 
Hyponitrosus, gtt. x to lx. 
Nitrous, spirit of, f 5ss to ij. 
Hydrocyanic, gtt. ij to iij. 
Muriatic, gtt. xxx to lx. 
Sulphuric, f3ss to j. 

spirit, f3j to iij. 

compound, f 3ss to ij. 



Allium, Syrup, f 3j. 
Aloe, Powder, gr. iij to x. 

and Canella, grs. v to xx. 

Wine, f 3j to f3ss. 

Tincture, f 5j to f Iss. 

and Myrrh, f 3ss to ij. 
Alumen, grs. v to xx. 
Ammonia, Water, gtt. v to xx. 

Tincture comp., gtt. x to xl. 

Spirit of, gtt. v to xx. 

aromatic, n^ xx to lx. 
Ammonium, Acetate, Solution of, 
f gss to j. 

Bromide, grs. v to x. 

Carbonate, grs. v to x. 

Chloride, grs. v to xv. 

Citrate, Solution of, f gss to j. 

Hydrosulphate, gtt. v to vj. 

Iodide, gr. j to v. 

Nitrate, £)ss to j. 

Phosphate, grs. x to xl. , 

Succinate, Spirit, gtt. xx to 1. 

Sulphate, 9j to 3ss. 

Valerianate, grs. ij to viij. 
Ammoniacum, grs. v to xv. 

mixture, f ^ss to j. 
Amylum, Iodide, 3ss to j. 
Angelica, Tincture, f 3J to ij. 
Angustura, Powder, grs. x to 9j. 

Infusion, f ^ij. 

Tincture, f 3j to ij. 
Anthemis, Infusion, f^j to ij. 

Extract, grs. x to xx. 

Syrup, f^ss. 
Anthracokali, grs. ij to iv. 
Antimonium, oxide, grs. i to iv. 

Sulphuret, grs. v to x. 

precipitated, grs. j to iij. 

Kermes mineral, gr. J to x. 

Potassium, Tartrate of, gr. J to j. 



Wine, gtt. 



xxx to f3j. 
( 617 



G18 



POSOLOGICAL TABLE 



Antimoniuni, Powder, grs. iij to 
Apocynuru, Decoction, fjj to ij. 

Extract, grs. iij to v. 
Argent um, Chloride, gr. y 1 ^ to ij. 
and Ammonia, gr. y 1 ^ to y 1 ^. 

Cyanide, gr. T x 2 to J-. 

Iodide, gr. -J to j. 

Nitrate, gr. £ to ij. 

Oxide, gr. \ to ij. 
Armoracia, Infusion, f3j to ij. 

Spirit comp. f5j to iv. 
Arnica, Powder, grs. v to x. 

Extract, grs. v to x. 

Infusion, f^ss to j. 

Tincture, gtt. xxx to 1. 
Arsenicum, Iodide, gr. ^ to \. 

Donovan's Solution, gtt. v to xx. 
Arum, Powder, grs. x. 
Asclepias Tuberosa, Infusion, f^iij 

to iv. 
Asparagus, Extract, 9j to 3j. 

Syrup, sj to ij. 
Assafoetida, grs. ij to x. 

Mixture, fjss to j. 

Tincture, f3j. 

ammoniated, gtt. v to f3j. 
Atropia, gr. ^\. 
Aurum, gr. J to j. 

Chloride, gr. ^V to T ^. 

Sodium et, Chloride, gr. ^ to y 1 ^. 

Cyanide, gr. T \ to t \. 

Iodide, gr. 2 V to T V- 

Oxide, gr. T ] ^ to \. 
Azederach, Decoction, f^ss to j. 

Ballota Lanata, Decoction, f^j to ij. 
Balsamum Peruvianum, f3ss. 
Balsamum Tolutanum, gr. x to xxx. 

Syrup, fjss. 

Tincture, f3j. 
Baptisia Tinctoria, Decoction, f^ss. 
Barium, Chloride, Solution, gtt. v. 

Iodide, gr. £. 
Bebeerina, Sulphate, grs. v to 9j. 
Belladonna, gr. j to ij. 

Extract, gr. ^ to j. 

alcoholic, gr. -J to j. 

Syrup, 3j to ij. 

Tincture, gtt. xv to xxx. 
Benzoin, Compound Tincture, gtt. x 

to xx. 
Bismuthum, Kubcarbonate, grs. ij tox. 

Subnitrate, grs. ij to x. 

Tannate, grs. x to xxx. 

Valerianate, gr. j to v. 
Bistort, If fusion, fgj to ij. 



Boletus Laricis, gr. j to iij. 
Bray era, 3ij to iv. 
Brominium, Solution, gtt. v to x. 
Brucia > gr. J to ^. 

Tincture, gtt. v to xx. 
Buchu, gr. xx to xxx. 

.Fluid Extract, ni, xv to xxx. 

Infusion, f^ij. 

Cahinca, 9j to 3j« 
Calamus, Infusion, f|j to ij. 

Powder, 9j to iij. 
Calcium, Bromide, grs. x to xxx. 

Chloride, solution, gtt. xx to xxx. 

Carbonate, grs. x to xxx. 

Hypophosphite, grs. ij to xv. 

Iodide, grs. ij to iij. 

Phosphate, 9j to jss. 
Calx. Lime water, f^ss to ij. 
Calendula, Extract, grs. ij to v. 
Calomel, as an alterative, gr. yL- to ^. 

as a purgative, grs. v to xij. 
Calotropis, Infusion, f5j to f*j. 

Powder, grs. iij to xx. 
Calumba, Powder, grs. x to xxx. 

Infusion, if ij. 

Tincture, f3j to iv. 

Extract, grs. j to v. 
fluid, tit, x to xxx. 
Camphora, grs. iij to x. 

Water, fjss to j. 

Tincture, gtt. v to xx. 

Monobromated, grs. ij to v. 
Canella, grs. x to 9j. 
Cannabis, Extract, gr. ^ to v. 

Tincture, gtt. x to xl. 
Cantharis, gr. \ to j. 

Tincture, gtt. xx to f3j. 
Capsicum, grs. v to x. 

Infusion, f^ss. 

Tincture, f3ss to ij. 
Carbo Animalis, grs. x to xx. 

Ligni, 3ss to j. 

Mineralis (Athracokali), grs. ij 
to iv. 
Cardamomum, Tincture, f3j to ij. 
Carota, Infusion, seeds, f^ij to iv. 
Carum, Spirit, f3j to ij. 
Caryophyllus, Powder, grs. v to x. 

Infusion, f^j to ij. 

Tincture, l'3j to ij. 

Oil, gtt. ij to v. 
Cascarilla Powder, 9j to 3ss. 

Infusion, f^j to ij. 

Extract, grs. x to xx. 

Tincture, fjj. 



POSOLOGICAL TABLE 



619 



Cassia Fistula, 3ij to oSS. 
Castanea, fluid extract, f3ss to j. 
Castoreum, grs. v to xx. 

Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 5ij. 
Catalpa, Decoction, f ^ij to iij. 
Catechu, grs. x to 9j. 

Infusion, comp. f ^j to iij. 

Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 5iij» 
Centaurea Benedicta, 9j to 5j- 

Infusion, f ^j to ij. 
Centaurium, extract, grs. v to xx. 
Cerium, oxalate, gr. j to iij. 
Cetraria, 5ss to j. 

Decoction, f ^ij. 
Cetrarine, grs. ij to v. 
Chelidonium, Extract, grs. v to xv. 
Chenopodium, Juice, f Jss. 

Oil, gtt. iv to x. 
Chimaphila, Decoction, f ^ij to iv. 

Extract, grs. x to xxx. 

Fluid extract, f 5ss to j. 
Chiretta, 9j. 

Infusion, f ^j to ij. 

Tincture, f3ss to ij. 
Chlorinium, Water, f*3j to iv. 
Chloroformum, gtt. v to xx. 
Cimicifuga, Decoction, f|j to ij. 

Fluid extract, n^x to xxx. 

Tincture, gtt. xx. 
Cinchona, Powder, 3ss to j. 

Extract, grs. x to xxx. 

Fluid extract, f3ss to j. 

Decoction, f ^j. 

Infusion, f ^ij. 

Tincture, f 3j to iv. 

compound, f 3j to iv. 
Cinchonia, grs. ij to x. 

Sulphate, gr. ij to x. 
Cinnamomum, Powder, grs. x to 9j. 
comp. grs. x to xxx. 

Oil, gtt. j to iij. 

Tincture, f 3j to iv. 

Water, f^ss. 
Codeia, grs. ss to ij. 

and Morphia, Muriate, gr. J to ^. 
Coffeina, gr. j to iij. 
Colchicum, Powder, grs. ij to viij. 

Extract, bulb, gr. j to ij. 

Fluid extract, nyj to x. 

Wine, root, gtt. x to xx. 
seeds, f 5j. 

Tincture, seeds, f 3ss to ij. 
Colocynthis, Powder, grs. v to x. 

Extract, gr. ss to j. 

comp. grs. v to xv. 
Conium, Powder, grs. iij to v. 



Conium, Extract, gr. j. to ij. 
alcoholic, gr. j to ij. 

Fluid extract of fruit, TT^iij to v. 

Tincture, gtt. xx to f 3j. 
Contrayerva, Powder, 3ss. 

Extract, 9j. 

Tincture, gtt. xxx to xl. 
Copaiba, grs. xx to 3j- 

Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 3J- 

Oil, gtt. x to xxx. 
Coptis, Powder, grs. x to xxx. 

Infusion, f,lss to ij. 

Tincture, f 3J to iij. 
Coriander, 9j to iij. 
Cornus, Powder, 9j to 3j- 

Fluid extract, f 5j. 
Creasotum, gtt. j to ij. 
Crocus, grs. x to xxx. 
Cubeba, Powder, grs. xx to 3iij» 

Tincture, f3j to ij. 

Oil, gtt. v to x. 

Oleoresin, rr^vto xx. 

Fluid extract, f3j. 
Cupri sulphas (as emetic), gr. j to iij. 
Cuprum Ammoniatum, gr. J to -J. 
Cypripeclium, grs. x to xx. 

Delphinium, Tincture, gtt. x to xx. 
Delphinia, gr. \ to J. 
Digitalis, Powder, gr. -J to iv. 

Extract, gr. ss to ij. 

Fluid extract, n\J to iv. 

Infusion, f ^ ss. 

Tincture, gtt. x to xx. 
Digitalinum, gr. ^ to ^. 
Diospyros, Infusion, f ^j. 
Dulcamara, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j« 

Decoction, f ^j to ij. 

Extract, grs. v to x. 

Fluid extract, f 3ss to j. 

Elaterium (common), gr. j to ij. 

Clutterbuck's, gr. J to 5. 
Elaterinum, gr. y 1 ^. 

Tincture, gtt. xx to xl. 
Emetia (impure), gr. T ^ to j. 

Syrup, f 3j. . 
Ergota, Powder, grs. x to xxx. 

Infusion, f Jj. 

Wine, f 3\j to iij. 

Tincture, gtt. xx to f 3j. 

Extract (Ergotine), gr. ij. 

Fluid extract, tt^x to xxx. 

Oil, gtt. xx to 1. 
Erigeron Annuum, Infusion, fgij to 
iv. 



620 



POSOLOGICAL TABLE 



Erigeron Canaclense, infusion, f ^ij to 
iv. 

Extract, grs. v to x. 

Oil, gtt. iv to x. 
Eupatorium, Powder, grs. xx to xxx. 

Infusion, f Jj. 
Euphorbia Corollata, Powder, grs. x. 
to xx. 

Ipecacuanha, Powder, grs. x to xv. 

Hypericifolia, Infusion, f ^ss to ij. 

Lathyris, Oil, gtt. iv to xij. 

Ferrum, Ammoniated, grs. iv to xij. 

Tincture, gtt. xl to f 3j. 
Ferri Pulvis, grs. ij to x. 
Ferrum, Acetate, gtt. x to xxv. 
Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 3j. 
Arseniate, gr. -^ to ^. 
Bromidum, gr. j to iij. 
Carbonate, grs. x to 3ij- 

Saccharine, grs. x to xx. 
Carburet, grs. v to xv. 
Chloride, gr. j to ij. 

Tincture, gtt. x to xxx. 
Citrate, grs. iv to viij. 

and Quinia, grs. v to x. 

and Strychnia, grs. ij to vj. 
Ferrocyanide, grs. iij to v. 
Iodide, grs. ij to iij. 

Syrup, gtt. x to f 3ss. 

Syrup (Lond.), f3ss to j. 
Lactate, grs. ij to iv. 
Malate, Extract, grs. v to 9j. 
Nitrate, Solution, gtt. vj to xij. 
Oxalate, gr. j to iij. 
Oxide, black, grs. v to xx. 

Red, grs. v to xv. 

Saccharated, grs. x to xx. 
Phosphate, grs. v to x. 
Pyrophosphate, grs. ij to x. 
Sulphate, grs. ij to v. 

dried, gr. j to iij. 
Tartrate, grs. v to x. 

Wine, f |j. 

Ammonio, grs. v. 
Tannate, grs. ij to iij. 
A\'ilcrianate, gr. j to ij. 
Wine, f.^ss to j. 
Filix Mas, 3j to ij. 

Oleoresin, grs. xv to xx. 
Frasera, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j. 

Infusion, fgj to ij. 
FuligO, Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 3j. 
Fuligokali, grs. ij to iij. 

Galbanum, grs. x to xx. 



Galla, Powder, grs. v to xxx. 

Infusion, f fj to ij. 

Tincture, f3j to iij. 

Syrup, f ^ss. 
Gambogia, gr. j to vj. 

Solution, alkaline, gtt. xv. 
Gaultheria, Oil, gtt. ij to x. 
Gelsemium, grs. iij to x. 

Fluid extract, n^ ij to v. 

Tincture, gtt. xx to xl. 
Gentiana, Powder, grs. x to xl. 

Extract, grs. x to 9j. 

Fluid extract, n^ x to xxx. 

Infusion, f3j. 

Tincture, comp., f 3j to ij. 
Geranium, grs. x to xxx. 

Extract, grs. x to xx. 

Fluid extract, n^x to xxx. 
Geoffroya, 9j to 5ss. 

Decoction, f^j to ij. 
Gillenia, grs. xx to xxx. 
Glycerina, f 5ss to ij. 
Gossypium, bark of root, 9j to ij. 

Fluid extract, ni, x to xxx. 
Granatum, Decoction (rind), f Jj. 

(bark), f ^ij to iv. 
Gratiola, Wine, f 3j. 
Guaiacum, Resin, grs. x to 9j. 

Wood, decoction, f^j to ij. 

Tincture, f 3j to ij. 

Ammoniated, f 3j to ij. 
Guarana, grs. x to xx. 

Haematoxylon, Infusion, f Jss to ij. 

Decoction, f^ss to ij. 

Extract, grs. x to xxx. 
Hedeoma, Oil, gtt. ij to x. 
Helleborus, Powder, grs. x to 9j. 

Extract, grs. v to xv. 

Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 3J- 
Hemidesmus, S3^rup, f 3J. 
Hippocastanum, Powder, 9j to iv. 
Humulus, Infusion, f .Ij to ij. 

Tincture, f 3J to iij. 
Hydrargyrum, 

with Antimon}', gr. j to iv. 

with Chalk, grs. v to 9j. 

with Mngnesia, grs. v to 9j. 

Blue pill, grs. v to x. 

Acetate, gr. j. 

Borate, grs. ij. 

Bromide, gr. j to v. 

Bi bromide, gr. ^ to T V 

Chloride, Corrosive, gr. T *g to \. 
Mild, as an alterative, gr. T y 
to*. 



POSOLOGTCAL TABLE, 



621 



Hydrargyrum, Chloride, Mild, as a 
purgative, grs. v to xij. 
Cyanide, gr. T \ to J. 
Iodide, Green, gr. 5 to j. 

Reel, gr. T V to T V 
Nitrate, gr. J to j. 
Oxide, Black, gr. j to ij. 

Red, gr. -J to j. 
Phosphate, gr. -J to j. 
Sulphate, gr. J to v. 
Sulphuret, Black, grs. v to x. 

Red, grs. x to xv. 
Tartrate, gr. j to ij. 
Hydrastis, grs. x to xx. 

Fluid extract, n^x to xx. 
Hyoscyamus, Powder, grs. ij to v. 
Extract, gr. j. 
Tincture, gtt. xx to f 5ss. 

Ignatia, Extract, gr. J to J 

Tincture, gtt. x to xv. 
Indigo, Powder, 9j to ij. 
Iodinium, gr. J to j. 

Tincture, gtt. x to xx. 

Compound tincture, gtt. xv to 

XXX. 

Lugol's Solution, gtt. v to x. 
Iodoform um, gr. j to iij. 
Ipecacuanha, Powder, as as Expecto- 
rant, gr.j to ij. 
as an Emetic, grs. xv to xxx. 
comp. grs. v to x. 
Fluid Extract, t^xv to xx. 
Syrup, f 5 j to ij. 
Wine,f3jtof£j. 

Jalapa, Powder, grs. x to xxx. 
comp., 5 SS to j. 
Extract, grs. v to x. 

alkaline, grs. iij to ix. 
Resin, grs. ij to v. 
Soap, grs. x to xv. 
Tincture, f 5j to ij. 
Juglans Cinerea, Extract, grs. v to 

xxx. 

Juniperus, Extract, 3j to iij. 
Infusion, f Jij to iv. 
Oil, gtt. iij to vj. 

Kamala, 3ss to ij. 

Kino, Powder, grs. x to xx. 

Tincture, f3ss to ij. 
Krameria, Powder, grs. xx to xxx. 

Extract, grs. x to xx. 

Infusion, f 3j to ij. 



Krameria, Syrup, f ^ss. 
Tincture, f3j to ij. 



Lactucarium, grs. iij. 

Syrup, f3ss to ij. 
Lauro-Cerasus, Water, f3ss to j. 
Leptandra, Powder, grs. xx to xxx. 
Liquidambar, Bark, Syrup, f^ss to j. 
Liriodendron, Powder, 5ss to ij. 

Infusion, f 5J to ij. 

Tincture, f 3j to ij. 
Lithium, Carbonate, grs. iij to vj. 

Citrate, grs. v to x. 
Lobelia, Powder, grs. v to x. 

Tincture, f 5ss to j. 

Vinegar, f5ss to j. 
Lupulina, grs. v to x. 

Fluid Extract, ttlv to x. 

Tincture, f 3j to ij. 

Macis, grs. x to 9j. 

Tincture, gtt. xxx to xl. 
Magnesia, 3j- 
Magnesium, Carbonate, 9j to 5j- 

Citrate, Solution, f |iv to xij. 

Phosphate, grs. x to xx. 

Sulphate, gj. 

Sulphuret, Syrup, f ,f ss. 
Magnolia, Powder, 3ss to j. 
Manganesium, Carbonate, grs. x to 3j. 

Chloride, grs. iv to x. 

Oxide, grs. ij to iv. 

Sulphate, 3ss to ij. 
Manna, ^ss to ij. 
Mannite, 3ij to ^ij. 
Marrubium, Extract, 9j to 3ss. 
Matico, Infusion, f Jj. 

Fluid extract, ni^x to xxx. 

Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 3j. 

Syrup, f 3j to ij. 
Matricaria, Syrup, f ^ss to j. 
Mentha Piperita, Oil, gtt. j to iij. 
Essence, gtt. x to xx. 
Water, f Jss. 
Mentha Viridis, Infusion, f^j to ij. 

Oil, gtt. ij. 
Menyanthes, Powder, grs. xx to xxx. 

Infusion, f |j to ij. 

Extract, grs. x to xv. 
Mezereum, Decoction, f ,^j to iv. 
Monarda, Oil, gtt. j to ij. 
Monesia, grs. ij to x. 

Syrup, f §ss. 
Morphia, gr. J to \. 

Acetate, gr. J to J. 

Bimeconate, gr, J. 



622 



POSOLOGICAL TABLE. 



Morphia, Muriate, gr. J- to -J. 

Sulphate, gr. J to ^. 
Moschus, grs. v to x. 

Tincture, gtt. xxx to f3j. 
Mucuna, Electuary, 5j to ij. 
Myrrha, grs. x to xxx. 

Tincture, f 5ss to j. 

Narcotina, grs. ij. 

Muriate, grs. ij to iv. 
Xux vomica, Powder, grs. iij to v. 

Extract, Alcoholic, gr. \ to ij. 
Aqueous, gr. j to iij. 

Tincture, gtt. v to xx. 

Oleum Animale Empyreumatic, gtt. 
v. to x. 
Cajuputi, gtt. ij to v. 
Morrhuse, f 3ss to ij. 
Olivae, f .Ij. 
Ricini, fgss to j. 
Terebinthinse, gtt. v to f 5j. 
Tiglii, gtt. ss to ij. 
Opium, gr. j. 

Confection, grs. x. 
Extract, gr. ss. 

Yinegar, Black drop, gtt. vij to x. 
Lancaster Black drop, gtt. vj to x. 
Houl ton's Black drop, gtt. xx. 
Rousseau's Black drop, gtt. iv. 
Porter's Black Drop, gtt. v to xx. 
Tincture, gtt. xxv. 

acetated, gtt. xx. 

deodorized, gtt. xxv. 

Smith's, gtt. iij to v. 

Ammoniated, f5ss to j. 

Camphorated, f 5j to iij. 

Swediaur's, gtt. v. 
Wine, gtt. xx. 
Opoponax, grs. x to xx. 

Pancreatin, Solution, f^ss to j. 
Papaver, Extract, grs. ij to v. 

Syrup, f3ij to f-jj. 
Pareira Brava, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j« 

Fluid Extract, f3ss to j. 

Infusion, f 3j to ij. 

Decoction, f Jj to ij. 

Extract, grs. x to xx. 

Tincture, gtt. 1 to lx. 
Paullinia, grs. x to xx. 
Pepsinum, Saccharated, grs. v to xv. 
Pel roleum, 3 S « to j. 
Petroselinum, Infusion, f,^ij to iv. 
Phloridzinum, grs. v. to xv. 
Phosphorus, gr. { \. 



Phosphorus, Oil, gtt. v to x. 
Physostigma, Powder, gr. j to v. 

Extract, gr. -^ to ^. 
Phytolacca, Powder, grs. x to xxx. 
Piper Nigrum, Confection, 3j to ij. 

Oleoresin, gtt. j to iij. 
Piperina, grs. ij to x. 
Piscidia Erythrina, Tincture, f 3j. 
Pix liquida, 3ss to j. 
Platini Bichloridum, gr. J to \. 
Plumbum, Acetate, gr. j to iv. 

Iodide, gr. J to j. 
Podophyllum, Powder, grs. x to xx. 

Extract, grs. v to xv. 

Resin, gr. J to j. 
Potassa, Solution, n^x to xv. 
Potassium, Acetate, 3ss to ij. 

Arsenite, solution, gtt. x. 

Arseniate, gr. T L. 

Bi-carbonate, gr. xv to xxx. 

Bisulphate, 3j to ij. 

Bitartrate, 3j to iv. 

Borate, gr. v to x. 

Boro-tartrate, 3ij to ^ss. 

Bromide, grs. v to xxx. 

Carbonate, grs. v to xx. 

Chlorate, grs. x to xx. 

Chloride, §j to ij. 

Citrate, 9j to iij. 
Solution, f ^ss. 

Cyanide, gr. J to j. 

Iodide, grs. ij to xv. 

Iodo-hydrargyrate, gr. T ^. 

Nitrate, grs. v to x. 

Silicate, grs. x to xv. 

Sulphate, $iv to v. 

Tartrate, 3j to 3j. 

and Ammonium, Tartrate, 3j- 

and Sodium, Tartrate, £ss to j. 
Prinos, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j« 

Decoction, f^ij. 
Prunus Yirginiana, Powder, grs. xxx 
to 3ij. 

Fluid Extract, f 3j. 

Infusion, f 3 i j . 

Syrup, f 3j to f Jj. 

Quassia, Infusion, f Jj. 

Extract, grs. ij to v. 

Tincture, f 5j to ij. 
Quercus, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j- 

Extract, grs. x to xx. 

Decoction, f 3ij to iij. 
Quinia, as a tonic, gr. j to ij. 

as an anti-intermittent, grs. viij 
to xx. 



POSOLOGICAL TABLE 



623 



Quinia, Amorphous, gr. j to iv. 
Acetate, gr. j to ij. 
Arsenite, gr. -J. 
Citrate, gr. j to ij. 
Ferrocyanate, gr. j to ij. 
Mercury and, Chloride, gr. J. 
Kinate, gr. j to ij. 
Lactate, gr. j to ij. 
Muriate, gr. j to ij. 
Sulphate, gr. j to ij. 
Valerianate, gr. j to ij. 

Rheum, Powder, grs. x to xxx. 

Roasted, grs. v to x. 

Infusion, f Jj to ij. 

Extract, grs. x to xx. 
Eluid, n^x to xxx. 

Syrup, f 3j to f sss. 

Aromatic, f 3j to f sss. 

Tincture, f 3j to f sss. 

and Senna, f 3J to f^ss. 

TVine, f 3j to iv. 
Rottlera, 3ss to ij. 
Rubia, Powder, §ss. 

Decoction, f sij. 
Rubus, Fluid extract, f 3ss to j. 

Syrup, f ^ss to j. 
Ruta, Powder, grs. x to xx. 

Oil, gtt. ij to iij. 

Sabadilla, Powder, grs. ij to v. 

Extract, gr. -J. 
Sabbatia, Infusion, f |ij to iv. 
Sabina, Powder, grs. x to xv. 

Oil, gtt. ij to v. 

Fluid Extract, tt^v to xv. 

Tincture, f3ss to j. 
Silicin, grs. iv to vj. 
Salvia, Infusion, f |ij to iv. 
Sanguinaria, Powder, grs. x to xx. 

Tincture, f 3ss to ij. 
Santonica, Powder, grs. x to lx. 

Oleoresin, grs. v to xv. 
Santonin, gr. ss to v. 
Sarsaparilla, Powder, 3ss to j. 

Decoction, f ^iv to vj. 

Extract, grs. x to xx. 
Fluid, f 3j. 

Syrup, f^ss to j. 

Compound, f .fss to j. 
Sassafras, Infusion, f ^j to ij. 

Oil, gtt. ij to v. 
Scammonium, Powder, grs. v to x. 

Confection, grs. xx to xxx. 

Resin, grs. iij to viij. 
Scilla, Powder, gr. j to ij. 



Scilla, syrup, f 5j. 

Compound, gtt. x to f 3j- 

Tincture, gtt. xx to xl. 

Extract, gr. ss to ij. 

Yinegar, f3ss to j. 

Oxymel, f 5j to ij. 
Scoparius, Infusion, f Jij to iv. 

Extract, 9j to 3j. 
Senega, Powder, grs. x to xx. 

Infusion, f §j to ij. 

Decoction, f^ss. 

Fluid extract, ni^x to xx. 

Syrup, f 3j to ij. 
Senna, Powder, 3ss to ij. 

Confection, 3U- 

Infusion, fgiv. 

Syrup, f5j to ij. 

Extract, fluid, f ^ss. 
Serpentaria, Powder, grs. x to xxx. 

Fluid extract, tt^x to xxx. 

Infusion, f sj to ij. 

Tincture, f 3j to ij. 
Simaruba, Infusion, f ^ij. 
Soda, solution, ni^x to xxx. 
Sodium Chloride, grs. x to sss. 

Arseniate, gr. -^ to §-. 

Bi-carbonate, grs. xv to xxx. 

Borate, grs. xx to xxx. 

Carbolate solution, grs. ij to v. 

Carbonate, grs. x to xx. 

Acetate, 9j to 5 1V - 

Hyposulphite, grs. x to 3j« 

Nitrate, gr. v to x. 

Phosphate, 3iv to ^j. 

Sulphate, ^ss to j. 

Tartrate, ^ss to j. 

and Potassium, Tartrate, 5U to 

Valerianate, grs. ij to v. 
Spigelia, Powder, 3j to ij. 

Infusion, f3iv to f *j. 
Comp. f ^j to ij. 

Extract, Fluid, 3j to £ss 
Spiraea, Decoction, f .Ij to ij. 

Extract, grs. v to 9j. 
Spongia, Burnt, 3J to ij. 
Stannum, Powder, ^ss. 

Chloride, grs. ij. 

Sulphuret, grs. x to xx. 

Oxide, grs. v to vj. 
Statice, grs. x to xxx. 
Stillingia, as an alterative, grs. iij to v. 

as an emetic, 9j to jss. 
Stramonium, Powder, grs. ij to iij. 
(seeds), gr. j. 

Extract (seeds), gr. J to J. 



624 



POSOLOGICAL TABLE. 



Stramonium, extract (leaves), gr. j. 

Tincture (seeds), gtt. xx to xxx. 
Strychnia, gr. T V to 1 \ r . 

Acetate, solution, gtt. v. 

Iodate, gr. |-. 
Sty rax, grs. x to xx. 
Succinum, Oil, gtt. v to xv. 

Tincture, gtt. xl to lx. 
Sulphur, Precipitated, 3ss to ij. 

Electuary, 5j to ij. 
Sulphuris Carburetum, gtt. ij to iij. 

Tabacum, Wine, t^x to xx. 

Tincture, n\,x to xx. 
Tanacetum, Extract, grs. v to 9j. 

Oil, gtt. j to ij. 
Taraxacum, Decoction, f ^j to iij. 

Extract, 9j to 3j- 
Fluid, f 3j. 
Terebinthina, grs. ij to v. 

Oil, gtt. v to i'3j. 
Testa praeparata, grs. x to xxx. 
Tolutanum, grs. x to xxx. 

Tincture, f 3j to ij. 

Syrup, f 3j to f Iss. 
Tormentilla, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j- 

Decoction, f gj to ij. 
Toxicodendron, Powder, gr. -J to ij. 

Extract, gr. j. 
Tussilago, Decoction, f J ij to iv. 

Syrup, f3j to f ^ss. 

Ulinus Campestris, Decoction, f ^ij to 

iv. 
Ulmus Fulva, Decoction, f ,siv to vj. 
Uva Ursi, Powder, 9j to 3j- 

Decoction, f Jj to ij. 

Extract, grs. v to xxx. 

Fluid extract, f 3ss to j. 



Valeriana, Powder, 3ss to j. 

Electuary, 3j to ij. 

Infusion, f *ij. 

Tincture, f 3j to iv. 
Amnion, f 3j to ij. 

Wine, f 5j to iv. 

Oil, gtt. ij to v. 

Extract, grs. ij to x. 
Fluid, f3ss to j. 
Vanilla, Powder, grs. v to x. 

Tincture, gtt. xxx to xl. 
Veratria, gr. T \ to J. 

Tincture, gtt. v to x. 
Yeratrum Album, Powder, gr. j to 

ij- 
Wine, ttlx. 
Tincture, ni^x. 
Yeratrum Yiride, Powder, gr. j. 
Tincture, f 3ss to j. 

Norwood's, gtt. viij. 
Wine, f5ss to j. 
Extract, gr. J to \. 
Yiola Odorata, Syrup, f 3j to ij. 

Wintera, Powder, 3ss to j. 

Zinci Oxidum, grs. ij to x. 

Chloriclum, Solution, gtt. v. 
Tincture, gtt. v. 

Cyanidum, gr. y 1 ^ to \. 

Ferrocyanidum, gr. j. 

Sulphas, gr. j to xxx. 
Solution, f ^ss. 

Yalerianas, gr. j to ij. 
Zingiber, Powder, grs. x to 9j. 

Tincture, f 3j to ij. 

Syrup, foss. 

Oleoresin, gr. j to ij. 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 



WHICH 



DIFFER IN THE UNITED STATES, THE BRITISH, GERMAN, 
AND FRENCH PHARMACOPOEIAS. 



U. S. Ph. 


Brit. Ph. 


Ph. Germ. 


Paris Codex. 






Herba absinthii, 


Absinthe com- 


Acacia, 


Acacias gummi, 


Gumma Arabi- 


mune. 
Gomme Arabi- 


Acetum destilla- 

tum, 
Acidum aceti- 

cum, 
Acidum arsenio- 




cum, 
Acetum purum, 

Acidum aceticum 

dilutum, 
Acidum arsenio- 


que. 
Yinaigre distille. 

Acide acetique. 

Acide arsenieux. 


Acidum aceti- 

cum, 
Acidum arsenio- 


sum, 
Acidum inuriati- 
cum, 

Acidum nitricum, 

Acidum nitro-mu- 
riaticum dilut- 
um. 

Acidum sulphuri- 
cum aromati- 


sum, 
Acidum hydro- 
chloricum, 

Acidum nitricum, 

Acidum nitro-hy- 
drochloricum 
dilutum, 

Acidum sulphuri- 
cum aromati- 


sum, 

Acidum hyclro- 
chloricum et 
hydrochlori- 
cum cruclum, 

Acidum nitricum, 
nitricum cru- 
dum, etfumans, 


Acide chlorhy- 
drique. 

Acide azotique. 


Tinctura aroma- 
tica acida, 


Elixir vitriolique. 


cum, 
Aconiti folia, 
Aconiti radix, 
Adeps, 

iEther fortior, 
Alcohol, 

Alcohol dilutum, 
Aloe barbaden- 

sis, 
Aloe capensis, 

Aloe socotrina, 
Althaea, 


cum, 
Aconiti folia, 
Aconiti radix, 
Adeps praepara- 

tus, 
iEther purus, 
Spiritus rectifi- 

catus, 
Spiritus tenuior, 
Aloe barbaden- 
* sis, 


Folia aconiti, 
Tubera aconiti, 
Adeps suillus, 

^Ether, 
Spiritus, 


Feuilles d'aconit. 
Racine d'aconit. 
Axonge. 

Ether hydrique. 
Alcool. 




Aloes hepatique 
des Barbades. 


Aloe, vel aloe ca- 
pensis vel lu- 
cida, 


Aloe socotrina, 


Aloes sucotrin. 
Racine de gui- 
mauve. 
(625) 


Radix althaeas. 


40 








626 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 



U. S. Ph. 
A lumen, 
Aluminii et po- 

tassii sulphas, 
A lumen exsicca- 

tum, 
Ammonii ben- 

zoas, 
Ammonii carbo- 

nas, 
Ammonii chlori- 

dum, 



Brit. Ph. 
Alumen, 



Ph. Germ. 



Paris Codex. 



Amygdala amara, 

Amygdala dulcis, 

Angustura, 
Anthemis, 

Antimonii et po- 

tassii tartras, 
Antimonii oxy- 

sulphu return, 
Antimonii sulph- 

uretum, 
Antimonium sul- 

phuratum, 



Alumen exsicca- 

tum, 
Ammonia? ben- 

zoas, 
Ammonia? carbo- 

nas, 
Ammonii chlori- 

dum, 
Ammonia? phos- 

phas, 
Amygdala amara, 

Amygdala dulcis, 

Cusparia? cortex, 
Anthemidis 

flores, 
Antimonium tar- 

taratum, 



Antimonium ni- 
grum, 

Antimonium sul- 
phuratum, 



Aqua ammonia?, Liquor ammonia?, 



Aqua ammonia? 

fortior, 
Aquaaurantii flo- 

rum, 
Aqua amygdala? 

amara?, 

Aquachlorinii, 
Argenti nitras, 



Liquor ammonia? 

fortior, 
Aqua aurantii 

floris. 



Liquor clilori, 
Argenti nitras, 



Argenti nitras 

fusa, 

Atropia? sulphas, Atropia? sulphas, 

Aurantii amari Aurantii cortex, 
cortex, 

Barii chloridum, 



Benzoinum, 

IJisuiiillii 

nitras, 

Brayera, 



sub- 



Benzoinum, 
Bismuthi sub- 

nitras, 
Cusso, 



Alumen, 



Alun. 



Alumen ustum, Alun calcine*. 



Ammonium car- 
bonicum, 

Ammonium chlo- 
ratum, 

Ammonium phos- 
phoricum, 

Amj^gdala? ama- 
ra?, 

Amygdala? dul- 
ces, 



Flores chamomil- 

la? romana?, 
Tartarus stibia- 

tus. 
Stibium sulfura- 

tum rubeum, 
Stibium sulfura- 

tum la?vigatum, 
Stibium sulfura- 

tum auranti- 

acum, 
Liquor ammonii 

caustici, 



Aqua florum au- 
rantii, 

Aqua amygdala- 
rum amararum 
dilutum, 

Aqua chlorata, 

Argentum nitri- 
cum crystalli- 
satum, 

Argentum nitri- 
cum fusum, 

Atropinum sulfu- 
ric urn, 

Cortex fructus 
aurantii, 



Baryum 

turn, 
Benzoe, 
Bismuthum 

nitricum, 
Flores kosso, 



chlora- 



sub- 



Carbonate d'am- 

monique. 
Chlorure d'am- 

monium. 



Amandes ameres. 

Amandes douces. 

Angusture vraie. 
Camomille ro- 

maine. 
Tartre stibie. 

Sulfure d'anti- 
moine hydrate. 

Sulfure d'anti- 
moine. 



Ammoniaque 
liquide. 



Eau destillee de 
fleurs d'oranger. 

Eau destillee d' 
amandes am- 
eres. 

Eau chlore'e. 

Azotate d 'argent 
crystallise. 

Azotate d 'argent 
fondu. 

Sulfate d 'atro- 
pine. 



Chlorure de ba- 
ryum. 

Benjoin. 

Sous-azotate 
bismuth. 

Cousso. 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 



627 



U. S. Ph. 
Brominiam, 
Buchu, 

Cadmii sulphas, 

Calamus, 

Calcii carbonas 

praecipitata, 
Calcii phosphas 

praecipitata, 
Calx, 
Calx chlorinata, 

Calumba, 
Carbo ligni, 
Carum, 
Caryophyllus, 
Catechu, 

Ceratum cantha- 
j ridis, 

Ceratum plumbi 
subacetatis, 



Ceratum resinae, 

Ceratum sabinae, 

Cetraria, 

Charta canthari- 

des, 
Chiretta, 
Chloral, 

Chloroformum 
purificatum, 
Cinchona flava, 

Cinchona pallida, 

Cinchona rubra, 

Cinchoniae sul- 
phas, 
Cinnamomum, 

Coccus, 
Colchici radix, 



Brit. Ph. 
Bromum, 
Buchu folia, 



Ph. Germ. 
Bromum, 



Calcis carbonas 

praecipitata, 
Calcis phosphas, 

Calx, 

Calx chlorata, 

Calumbae radix, 
Carbo ligni, 
Carui fructus, 
Caryophyllum, 
Catechu palli- 
dum, 
Emplastrum can- 
tharidis, 

Unguentum 
plumbi subace- 
tatis composit- 
um, 

Unguentum resi- 
nae, 

Unguentum sabi- 
nae, 

Cetraria, 

Oharta epispas- 

tica, 
Chirata, 



Cadmium sulfuri- 

cum, 
Rhizoma calami, 
Calcaria carbon- 

ica praecipitata, 
Calcaria phos- 

phorica, 
Calcaria usta, 
Calcaria chlorata, 

Radix Colombo, 
Carbo pulveratus, 
Fructus carvi, 
Caryophylli, 
Catechu, 

Emplastrum can- 
tharidum ordi- 
narium, 

Unguentum 
plumbi, 



Unguentum basi- 
licum, 

Unguentum sa- 
binae, 

Lichen islandi- 
cus, 



Paris Codex. 
Brome. 
Bucco. 

Sulfate de cad- 
mium. 

Acore vrai. 

Carbonate de 
chaux. 

Phosphate de 
chaux. 

Chaux vive. 

Chlorure de 

chaux. 

Colombo. 

Charbon vegetal. 

Carvi. 

Girofle. 

Cachou. 

Emplatre ve*sica- 
toire. 

Cerat de saturne. 



Onguent 
cum. 



basili- 



Lichen d'Islande. 



Chloroformum, 

Cinchonse flavse 

cortex, 
Cinchonae pallidae 

cortex, 
Cinchonae rubrse 

cortex. 



Cinnamomi cor- 
tex, 

Coccus, 

Colchici cormus, 



Chloralum hydra- 
turn crystalli- 
satum, 

Chloroformium, 

Cortex chinae ca- 
lisayae, 

Cortex chinae fus- 
cus, 

Cortex chinae ru- 
ber, 

Cinchonium sul- 
furicum, 

Cortex cinnamo- 
mi cassiae et 
zeylanici, 

Coccionella, 



Hydrate de chlo- 
ral. 

Chloroforme. 

Quinquina jaune. 

Quinquina gris. 

Quinquina rouge. 

Sulfate de cincho- 

nine. 
Canelle de Chine 

et de Ceylon. 

Cochenille du no- 
pal. 

Bulbe de col- 
chique. 



628 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 



U. S. Ph. 


Brit. Ph. 


Ph. Germ. 


Paris Codex. , 


Colchici semen, 


Colchici semina, 


Semen colchici, 


Semences de col- 
chique. 


Colocynthis, 


Colocyntkidis 


Fructus colocyn- 


Coloquinte. 




pulpa, 


thidis, 




Confectio opii, 


Confectio opii, 


Electuarium the- 


Elect u aire the'- 






riaca, 


riaque. 


Confectio rosas, 


Ormfpctio rosfp 




floTispvvp df rnsjp 




gallicse, 




rouge. | 


Confectio sennse, 


Confectio sennaa, 


Electuarium e 


Electuaire de sene j 






senna, 


compose. 


Copaiba, 


Copaiba, 


Balsamum copai- 


Copahu. 


Coriandrum, 


Coriandri fructus, 


V8e, 

Fructus coriandri, 


Coriandre. 


Cuprum ammo- 




Cuprum sulphur- 








niatum, 




icum ammonia- 
turn, 




Cupri subacetas, 




Aerugo, 


Acetate basique 










de cuivre. 


Decoctum sarsa- 


Decoctum sarsae 


Decoctum sarsa- 


Tisane de salse- 


parilise compo- 


compositum, 


parillae fortius 


pareille. 


situm, 




et mitius, 




Digitalis, 


Digitalis folia, 


Folia digitalis, 


Digitale pour- 
pree. 


Dulcamara, 


Dulcamara, 


Stipites dulcama- 
ra, 


Douce-amere. 


Emplastrum gal- 


Emplastrum gal- 


Emplastrum lith- 


Emplatre diachy- 


bani composi- 


bani, 


argyri composi- 


lon gomme. 


tum, 




tum, 




Emplastrum picis 


Emplastrum pi- 


Emplastrum picis 


Emplatre de poix 


burgundies, 


cis, 


irritans, 


de Bourgogne. 


Emplastrum picis 


Emplastrum cale- 


Emplastrum can- 




cum cantha- 


faciens, 


tharidum per- 




ride, 




petuum, 




Emplastrum 


Emplastrum 


Emplastrum li- 


Emplatre simple. 


plumbi, 


plumbi, 


thargyri sim- 
plex, 




Emplastrum sa- 


Emplastrum sa- 


Emplastrum sa- 


Emplatre de sa- 


ponis, 


ponis, 


ponatum, 


von. 


Ergota, 


Ergota, 


Sccale coruutum, 


Seigle ergote*. ! 


Extractum cin- 
chonae, 




Extractum China3 


Extrait de quin- 
quina. 




fuscae, 


Extractum gly- 


Extractum gly- 


Succus liquiritiae 


Extrait de r6- 


cyrrhizae, 


cyrrhiza3, 


crudus et depu- 
ratus, 


glisse. 


Extractum hae- 
matoxyli, 


Extractum haema- 
toxyli, 


Extractum ligni 
campechiarii, 






Extractum kra- 


Extractum kra- 


Extractum ratan- 


Extrait de ratan- 


meriee, 


meriaB, 


hse, 


hia. 


Extractum nucis 


Extractum nucis 


Extractum 


Extrait de noix 


vomica', 


vomicae, 


strychni spiri- 
tuosum, 


vomique. 


Extractum pliy- 


Extractum phy- 


Extractum fabae 


Extrait de feves 


BOBtigmatis, 


sostigmatis, 


calabaricae, 


de calabar. 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES, 



629 



TJ. S. Ph. 
Extractum stra- 

monii foliorum, 
Extractum stra- 

monii seminis, 

Extractum cm- 
chouse fluidum, 

Extractum er- 
gotse fluidum, 

Extractum parei- 
rse fluidum, 

Extractum sarsa- 
parillse fluidum, 



Ferri chloridum, 
Ferri citras, 

Ferri et ammonii 

citras, 
Ferri et ammonii 

sulphas, 

Ferri et potassii 

tartras, 
Ferri lactas, 
Ferri oxidum hy- 

dratum, 
Ferri subcarbo- 

nas, 
Ferri phosphas, 

Ferri pyrophos- 
phas, 



Ferri sulphas, 

Ferri sulphas ex- 

siccata, 
Ficus, 
Filix mas, 
Fceuiculum, 



Gambogia, 
Gentiana, 
Glycerina, 
Glyceritum 
carbolici, 



acidi 



Brit. Ph. 



Extractum 
monii, 



stra- 



Extractum cin- 
chonas liquid- 
um, 

Extractum ergo- 
t38 liquidum, 

Extractum parei- 
rse liquidum, 

Extractum sarsse 
liquidum, 

Fel bovinum pu- 

rificatum, 
Ferri carbonas 

saccharata, 



Ferri et ammonise 
citras, 



Ferrum tartara- 
tum. 



Ferri peroxidum 

humidum, 
Ferri peroxidum 

Irydratum, 
Ferri phosphas, 



Ph. Germ. 

Extractum stra- 
monii, 



Ferri sulphas et 

granulata, 
Ferri sulphas ex- 

siccata, 
Ficus, 
Filix mas, 
Fceniculi fructus, 

Cambogia, 
Gentianse radix, 
Glycerinum, 
Glycerin um acidi 
carbolici, 



Fel tauri depura- 

tum siccum, 
Ferrum carboni- 

cum sacchara- 

tum, 
Ferrum sesqui- 

chloratum, 
Ferrum citricum 

oxy datum, 
Ferrum citricum 

ammoniatum, 
Ferrum sulphuri- 

cum oxydatum 

ammoniatum, 



Ferrum lacticum, 

Antidotum arsen- 
ici, 

Ferrum oxyda- 
tum fuscum, 

Ferrum phospho- 
ricum, 

Ferrum pyro- 
phosphoricum 
cum ammonio 
citrico, 

Ferrum sulphuri- 
cum purnm, 

Ferrum sulphuri- 
cum siccum, 

Caricse, 

Rhizoma filicis, 

Fructus fceniculi, 

Gutti, 

Radix gentianaa, 

Glycerinum, 



Paris Codex. 
Extrait de stra- 

moine. 
Extrait de se- 

mences de stra- 

moine. 



Fiel de boeuf. 



Perchlorure 
fer. 



cle 



Citrate de fer et 
d'ammoniaque. 



Tartrate de fer et 
de potasse. 

Lactate de fer. 

Sesquioxide 
fer humide. 

Sesquioxide 
fer hydrate. 

Phosphate de fer 



de 
de 



Pyrophosphate 
de fer citro-am- 
moniacal. 



Sulphate de fer. 



Sulphate de 

desseche. 
Figue. 

Fougere male. 
Fenouil. 

Gutte. 

Gentiane. 

Glycerine. 



fer 



630 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 



IT. S. Ph. 
Glyceritum acidi 

gallici, 
Glyceritum acidi 

tannici, 



Glyceritum sodii 

boratis, 
Glycyrrlriza, 



Hsematoxylon, 

Hordeum, 

Humulus, 
Hydrargyri chlo- 

ridum corrosi- 

vum, 
Hydrargyri chlo- 

ridum mite, 



Hydrargyri iodi- 
dum rubrum, 

Hydrargyri iodi- 
dum viride, 

Hydrargyri oxi- 
dum flavum, 



Hydrargyri oxi- 
dum rubrum, 



Hydrargyri 
phuretum 
brum, 

Hydrargyrum 
ammoniatum 



sul- 



ru- 



Brit. Ph. 
Glycerin um acidi 

gallici, 
Glycerin um acidi 

tannici, 
Glycerinum amy- 

Glycerinum bo- 
racis, 

Glycyrrhizse ra- 
dix. 



Hsematoxyli lig- 
num, 

Hordeum decor- 
ticatum, 

Lupulus, 

Hydrargyri per- 
chloridum, 

Hydrargyri sub- 
cliloridum, 



Hydrargyri iocli- 
dum rubrum, 

Hydrargyri iodi- 
dum viride, 



Ph. Germ. 



Paris Codex. 



Hydrargyri 
dum rubrum, 



oxi- 



nydrargyrum 
ammoniatum, 



Infusum angus- Infusum angus- 



turae, 



turae, 



Infusum humuli, Infusum lupuli, 



Infusum lini com- 

])ositum, 
Infusum rosa3 

compositum, 
Infusum tabaci, 
Inula, 
lodinium, 



Infusum lini, 



Infusum 

acidum, 
Enema tabaci, 



rosae 



Unguentum gly- 
cerini, 



Glycere' de tan- 
nin. 

Glycere d 'ami- 
don. 



Radix liquiritiae Reglisse. 
glabrae et mun- 

data, 

« 

Lignum Campe- Bois de Campe- 
chianum, che. 
Orge perle. 



Houblon. 
Deutochlorure de 
mercure. 



Hydrargyrum bi- 
chloratum cor- 
rosivum, 

Hydrargyrum 
chloratum 
mite, et vapore 
paratum, 

Hydrargj^rum bi- 
iodatum ru- 
brum, 

Hydrargyrum 
iodatum fla- 
vum, 

Hydrargyrum 
oxydatum via 
humida para- 
tum, 

Hydrargyrum 
oxydatum ru- 
brum, 

Hydrargyrum 
sulfuratum ru- 
brum, 

Hydrargyrum 
prsecipitatum 
album, 



Protochlorure de 
mercure. 

Bi-iodure de mer- 
cure. 

Protoiodure de 
mercure. 



Peroxyde de mer- 
cure. 

Sulfure rouge de 
mercure. 



Tisane de hou- 
blon. 



Iodum, 



Radix helenu, 
Iodum, 



Aune'e. 
lode. 



TABLE OP PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 



631 



U. S. Ph. 


Brit. Ph. 


Ph. Germ. 


Paris Codex. 


Iodoform urn, 
Iris florentina, 

Jalapa, 




Torlofonrn n m 


Iodoforme. 

Iris de Florence. 

Jalap. 




i.U\-LWlvI _J.--.L11.1-* 


Jalapa, 


JLl 'J-LXCiV/XJ-LCO J-J- HLlo» 

Tubera jalapse, 


Juniperus, 




Fructus juniperi, 


Genievre. 




Krameria, 


Kramerise radix, 


Radix ratanhse, 


Ratanhia. 


Lappa, 
Limonis cortex, 




Radix - bnvrlnnflp 


"R q ye] ft n p 


Limonis cortex, 


Cortex fructus 

citri, 
Semen lini, 


JJttl CLClllC 

Zeste de citron. 


Linum, 


Lini .semina, 


Semences cle lin. 


Lininientum am- 


Linimenturn am- 


Linimenturn am- 


Liniment ammo- 


monia?, 


monise, 


moniatum, 


niacal. 


Linimenturn cam- 


Linimentium cam- 


Oleum camphora- 


Huilp camphree. 


phorse, 


phorse, 


tum, 






Lini mpntnm pnm- 


Tjinimpntnm am- 






JLJ JLX-I.L 1 1 1 \sXX \J LI 1 1 I Vy(AlJ-X 

phorse compo- 


■ J 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 \ . 1 1 1 J 1 4 1 1 1 CtlX-1 

moniato-cam- 






situm, 


phoratum, 




Linimenturn sa- 


Linimenturn sa- 


Linimenturn 


Liniment savon- 


ponis, 


ponis, 


saponato-cam- 

phoratumliqui- 

dum, 


neux camphree. 


Liquor ammonii 


Liquor ammonise 


Liquor ammonii 


Acetate d'ammo- 


acetatis, 


acetatis, 


acetici, 


niaque liquide. 


_ 


Liquor antimonii 


Liquor stibii chlo- 


. — _____ 




chloridi, 


rati, 




Liquor arsenici 


Liquor arsenici 


■ 


__ — __ 


chloridi, 


hydrochloricus, 






Liquor calcis, 


Liquor calcis, 


Aqua calcarise, 


Eau de chaux. 


Liquor ferri chlo- 


Liquor ferri per- 


Liquor ferri ses- 


Solution de per- 


ridi, 


chloridi, et for- 
tior, 
Liquor ferri per- 


quichlorati, 


chlorure de fer. 


Liquor ferri nitra- 


____, 


_________ 


tis, 


nitratis, 






Liquor ferri ter- 


Liquor ferri per- 


Liquor ferri sul- 






sulphatis, 


sulphatis, 


furici oxydati, 




Liquor hyclrar- 


Liquor hydrar- 




^itratp dp mpr- 




i.1 ItXCtlv ^IV jUAv^JL 


gyri nitratis, 


gyri nitratis 
acidus, 




cure liquide. 


Liquor iodinii 


Liquor iodi, 










compositus, 








Liquor plumbi 


Liquor plumbi 


Liquor plumbi 


Acetate de plomb 


subacetatis, 


subacetatis, 


subacetici, 


liquide. 


Liquor plumbi 


Liquor plumbi 


Aqua plumbi, et 


Eau de Goulard. 


subacetatis cli- 


dilutus, 


Aqua plumbi 




lutus, 




Goulardi, 




Liquor potassse, 


Liquor potassse, 


Liquor kali cau- 


Potasse caustique 






stici, 


liquide. 


Liquor potassii 


Liquor arseni- 


Liquor kali ar- 


Liqueur arseni- 


arsenitis, 


calis, 


senicosi, 


cale (Fowler). 


Liquor sodfe, 


Liquor sodse, 


Liquor natri cau- 


Soude caustique 






stici, 


liquide. 


Liquor soclse chlo- 


Liquor sodse 


Liquor natri chlo- 


Liqueur de La- 


rinatse, 


chloratse, 


rati, 


barraque. 



632 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 



IT. S. Ph. 
Liquor sodii ar- 

seniatis, 
Lithii carbonas, 



Paris Codex. 
Liqueur . arseni- 

cale (Pearson). 
Carbonate de li- 

thine. 



Magnesia, 

Magnesii carbon- 
as, 

Magnesii sulphas, 

Manganesii oxi- 

dura nigrum, 
Maranta, 

Mastiche, 

Matico, 

Matricaria, 

Mel despumatum, 
Mel rosas, 

Mel sodii boratis, 
Mezereuin, 
Mistura assafce- 

tida, 
Morphia, 
Morphise acetas, 

Morphise murias, 

Morphise sulphas, 

Mucilago acacias, 

Myristica, 

Nux vomica, 

Olcoresina cube- 
baa, 
Oleoresina fdicis, 

Oleum amygdalae 

cxprcssum, 
Oleum bergamii, 



Brit. Ph. Ph. Germ. 

Liquor sodas ar- 

seniatis, 

Lit Mas carbonas, Lithium carboni- 

cum, 

Lotio hydrargyri Aqua phagedas- 

flava, nica, 

Lotio hydrargyri Aqua phagedas- 

nigra, nica nigra, 



Magnesia, et mag- Magnesia usta, Magnesie. 

nesia levis, 

Magnesias carbon- Magnesia car- Carbonate 

as et carbonas bonica, magnesie. 

levis, 

Magnesias sul- Magnesia sulfu 

phas, rica, 

Manganesii oxi- Manganum hy 



de 



dum nigrum, 



Mastiche, 
Maticas folia, 



peroxydatum, 
Amylum maran- 
tas, 

Mastix, 



Sulfate de mag- 
nesie. 

Oxyde de manga- 
nese. 



Mastic. 



Mel depuratum, 



Flores chamomil- 

las vulgaris, 
Mel depuratum, 
Mel rosatum, 



Mel boracis, 
Mezerei cortex, 
Enema assafoeti- 
das, 



Camomille com- 
mune. 

Mellite simple. 

Mellite de roses 
rouges. 



Cortex mezerei, Mdzereon. 



Morphinum, 



Morphias acetas, Morphinum aceti- 

cum, 
Morphias hydro- Morphinum hy- 
chloras, drochloricum, 

, Morphinum sul- 

furicum, 
Mucilago acacias, Mucilago gummi 

arabici, 
Myristica, Semen myristicas, 



Morphine. 

Acetate de mor- 
phine. 

Chlorhydrate de 
morphine. 

Sulfate de mor- 
phine. 



Nux vomica, 



Semen strychni, Noix vomique. 



Extractum cube- 

barum, 
Extractum filicis Extractum filicis, 

liquidum, 
Oleum amygda- Oleum amygdala- 
las, 



Oleum bergamot- 
tas, 



Oleum cajuputi, Oleum cajuputi, Oleum cajeputi, 



Huile de fougere 

male. 
Huile d'amandes 

douces. 
Huile volatile de 

bergamote. 
Huile volatile de 

cajeput. 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 



633 



IT. S. Ph. 
Oleum cari, 



Brit. Ph. 
Oleum carui, 



Ph. Germ. 
Oleum carvi, 



Oleum cinnamo- Oleum cinnamo- Oleum cinnamo- 



mi, 



Oleum limonis, 



mi, 
Oleum limonis, 



mi cassiae et 
zeylanici. 
Oleum citri, 



Paris Codex. 
Huile volatile de 

carvi. 
Huile volatile de 

canelle. 



Huile volatile de 
citron. 

Oleum mentkae Oleum menthse Oleum menthae Huile volatile de 

viridis, viridis, crispae, menthe crepue. 

Oleum morrhuae, Oleum morrhuae, Oleum jecoris Huile de foie de 

aselli, morue. 

Oleum myristicae Oleum myristicae, 

expressum, 



Oleum olivae, Oleum olivaa, 

Oleum theobro- Oleum 'theobro- Oleum cacao, 
mae, mae, 

Oleum crotonis, 

Ovi vitellus, 



Oleum olivarum, Huile d'olive. 

Beurre de cacao. 



Oleum tiglii, 
Ovum, 



Oleum crotonis, Huile de croton. 



Physostigma, 
Pilulae aloes, 



Faba calabarica, 



ferri, 

Pilulae antimonii Pilula hydrargyri 
compositae, subchloridi 

composita, 
Pilulae galbani Pilula assafoetida 

compositae, composita, 

Pilula ferri carbo- Pilula ferri carbo- 



Physostigmatis 

faba, 
Pilula aloes bar- 

badensis et so- 

cotrina, 
Pilula aloes et Pilulae aloeticae 
ferrata?, 



Feve de calabar. 
Pilules d'aloes. 



PilulaB ferri car- Pilules de carbo- 



natis, 
Piper, 
Plumbi acetas, 



natis, 
Piper nigrum, 
Plumbi acetas, 



bonici. 



nate ferreux. 
Poivre noir. 



Plumbum aceti- Acetate de plomb 
cum, crystallise. 

Plumbi carbonas, Plumbi carbonas, Cerussa, Carbonate de 

plomb. — Ce- 
ruse. 
Plumbum ioda- Iodure de plomb. 

turn, 
Lithargyrum, Litharge. 

Potassa caustica, Kali causticum Potasse cau- 

fusum, stique. 

Potassse acetas, Kali aceticum, Acetate de po- 

tasse. 
Potassii bicarbo- Potassae bicarbo- Kali bicarboni- Bicarbonate de 

nas, nas, cum, potasse. 

Potassii bitar- Potassae tartras Tartarus depura- Bitartrate de po- 



Plumbi iodidum, Plumbi iodidum, 

Plumbi oxidum, Plumbi oxidum, 
Potassa, 

Potassii acetas, 



tras. 



acida. 



tus, 



tasse. 



Potassii bromi- Potassii bromi- Kalium broma- Bromure de po- 

dum, dum, turn, tassium. 

Potassii carbonas Kali carbonicum Potasse impure. 

impurus, crudum, 



634 TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 



IT. S. Ph. 
Potassii carbo- 

nas, 
Potassii carbonas 

pura, 
Potassii chloras, 

Potassii ferrocya- 

nidum, 
Potassii iodidum. 



Brit. Ph. Ph. Germ. 

Potassse carbo- Kali carbonicum 

nas, depuratum, 

Kali carbonicum 

purum, 

Potassse chloras, Kali chloricum, 

Potassse prussias Kalium ferrocya- 

flava, natum, 

Potassii iodidum, Kalium iodatum, 



Paris Codex. 
Carbonate de po- 
tasse. 



Potassii nitras, Potassse nitras, Kali nitricum, 



Potassii perman- 
ganas, 

Potassii sulphas, 



Potassii sulphu- 
retum, 

Potassii tartras, 

Potassii et sodii 
tartras, 

Pulvis aromati- 
cus, 

Pulvis ipecacuan- 
has compositus, 

Pulvis rhei com- 
positus, 

Pulveres erferves- 
centes, 

Pulveres efferves- 
centes aperien- 
tes, 

Quercus alba et 

Q. tinctoria, 
Quinise sulphas, 



Resina, 
Rheum, 
Rottlera, 
Rosa centifolia, 

Rosagallica, 



Potassse perman- Kali hyperman- 
ganas, ganicum crys- 

tallisatum, 
Potassse sulphas, Kali sulfuricum, 

' Kalium sulfura- 



Potassa sulphu- ^ 
rata, 

Potassse tartras, 

Soda tartarata, 



turn, 
Kalium sulfurat- 

um ad balneum. 
Kali tartaric um, 

Tartarus natro- 
natus, 
Pulvis cinnamo- Pulvis aromati- 

mi compositus, cus, 
Pulvis ipecacuan- Pulvis ipecacuan- 
has compositus, hse opiatus, 
Pulvis rhei com- Pulvis magnesise 
positus, cum rheo, 

— Pulvis aeropho- 

rus anglicus, 

Pulvis aeropho- 

rus laxans, 



Chlorate de po- 
tasse. 

Cj^anure de fer et 
de potassium. 

Iodure de potas- 
sium. 

Azotate de po- 
tasse. 

Pamanganate de 
potasse. 

Sulfate de po- 
tasse. 

Sulfure de po- 
tasse. 

Tartrate de po- 
tasse. 
Sel de seigrette. 



Poudre de Dower. 



Poudre gazeuse 

simple. 
Poudre gazifere 

purgative. 



Saccharum, 

Sambiicus, 
Santonica, 



Quercus cortex, 
Quinise sulphas, 

Resina, 

Rhei radix, 

Kamala, 

Rosse centifolise 
petal a, 

Rosse gallicse pe- 
tal a, 

Saccharum purifi- 

catura, 
Sambuci flores, 
Santonica, 



Cortex quercus, Ecorce de chene. 



Chininum sulfu- 
ricum, 

Colophonium, 
Radix rhei, 
Kamala, 
Flores rosse, 



Saccharum, 

Flores sambuci, 
Flores cinse. 



Sulfate de qui- 
nine. 

Colophane. 

Rhubarbe. 

Kamala. 

Rose a cent feu- 

illes. 
Rose rouge. 



Sucre. 

Fleurs de sureau. 
Semen contra. 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 



635 



U. S. Ph. 

Sapo, 



Sarsaparilla, 
Sassafras 

Scilla, 

Senegae, 

Senna, 

Serpentaria, 

Sinapis alba, 
Sioapis nigra, 

Soda, 
Soclii acetas, 



Brit. Ph. 
Sapo clurus, 
Sapo mollis, 



Ph. Germ. 



Paris Codex. 



(Sapo medicatus, ( Savon amygdalin. 
(Sapo oleaceus, (Savon blanc. 



Sapo viridis, 



Savon vert. 



Sarsae radix, Radix sarsaparil- Salsepareille. 

lae, 
Sassafras radix, Lignum sassa- Bois de sassafras. 

fras, 
Scilla, Bulbus scillae, Scille. 

Senegae radix, Radix senegae, Polygale de Yir- 

ginie. 
Senna Alexandri- Folia sennae, Sene. 

na et Indica, 

Radix serpenta- Serpentaire. 
riae, 



Serpentariae ra- 
dix, 

I Sinapis, 



Semen sinapis, 



Moutarde 
blanche 
noire. 



et 



Soda caustica, 
Sodse acetas, 



Sodii arsenias, Sodae arsenias, 



Soclii bicarbonas ) 
venalis, V 

Sodii bicarbonas, ) 
Supdii boras, 
Sodii carbonas, 



Sodae bicarbonas, 

Borax, 

Sodae carbonas, 



Natrum aceti- Acetate de soude. 
cum, 

Arseniate de 

soude. 

Natrum bicarbo- Bicarbonate de 
nicum, soude. 



Sodii carbonas Sodae 



Borax, 

Natrum carboni- 
cum crudum et 
purum, 
carbonas Natrum carboni- 



Borate de soude. 
Carbonate de 
soude. 



exsiccata, 
Sodii nitras, 
Sodii phosphas, 

Sodii sulphas, 



exsiccata, 
Sod 93 nitras, 
Sodse phosphas, 

Sodaa sulphas, 



cum siccum, 

Natrumnitricum, Azotatede soude. 

Natrum phospho- Phosphate de 

ricum, soude. 

Natrum sulfuri- Sulfate de soude. 

cum. 



Spiritus aetheris Spiritus aetheris, 
compositus, 



Spiritus 
phorae, 



cam- 



Spiritus 
phorae, 



cam- 



Spirit us 

reus, 
Spiritus 

phoratus, 



aethe- 
cam- 



Ether hydrique 

alcoolise. 
Alcoole de cam- 

phre concentre, 

et faible. 



Spiritus lavandu- 
lae compositus, 

Strychnia, 
Sty rax, 

Sulphur lotum, 

Sulphuris iodi- 

dum, 
Suppositoria 

plumbi et opii, 

Syrupus, 



Tinctura lavan- 
dulae compo- 
sita, 

Stiychnia, 

Styrax praepara- 
tus. 



Sulphuris iodi- 

dum, 
Suppositoria 

plumbi compo- 

sita, 
Syrupus, 



Strychninum, 
Styrax liquiclus, 

Sulfur depura- 

tum, 
Sulfur iodatum, 



Strychnine. 
Styrax liquide. 

Soufre lave. 

Iodure de soufre. 



Syrupus simplex, Sirop de sucre. 



636 TABLE OP PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 

Brit. Ph. 



U. S. Ph. 
Syrupus acacias, 

Syrupus fuscus, 

Taruarindus, 

Taraxacum, 

Tinctura aconiti 
radicis, 

Tinctura aloes et 
myrrhas, 

Tinctura ben- 
zoini, 

Tinctura canna- 
bis, 

Tinctura canthar- 
idis, 



Ph. Germ. 

Syrupus gummo- 



sus. 



Theriaca, 
Tamarindus, 

Taraxaci radix, 
Tinctura aconiti, 






Tinctura canna- 
bis indicas, 

Tinctura canthar- 
idis, 



Tinctura castorei, Tinctura castorei, < 



Tinctura cincho- 
nas, 

Tinctura cincho- 
nas composita, 

Tinctura colchici, 



Tinctura ferri 

chloridi, 
Tinctura gallas, 

Tinctura humuli, 

Tinctura iodinii, 
Tinctura krame- 

rias, 
Tinctura nucis 

vomicas, 
Tinctura opii, 

Tinctura opii 
camphorata, 

Trochisci gtycyr- 
rhizae ct opii, 

Trochisci sodii bi- 
carbonatis, 



Ungucntum, 



Tinctura cincho- 
nas flavse, 

Tinctura cincho- 
nas composita, 

Tinctura colchici 
seminum, 

Tincturi ferri per- 

chloridi, 
Tinctura gallas, 

Tinctura lupuli, 

Tinctura iodi, 
Tinctura krame- 

rias, 
Tinctura nucis 

vomica?, 
Tinctura opii, 

Tinctura cam- 
phorae compo- 
sita, 

Trochisci opii, 

Trochisci sodas 
bicarbonatis, 



Ungucntum sim- 
plex, 



Pulpa tamarindo- 
rum cruda et 
depurata, 
( Radix taraxaci, 
•\ Radix taraxaci 
cum herba, 
Tinctura aconiti, 

Elixir proprieta- 

tis Paracelsi, 
Tinctura benzoes, 

Tinctura canna- 
bis indicas, 

Tinctura canthar- 
idum, 

Tinctura castorei 
canadensis, 

Tinctura castorei 
sibirici, 

Tinctura Chinas, 



Tinctura Chinas 

composita, 
Tinctura colchici, 



Tinctura ferri 

chlorati, 
Tinctura galla- 

rum, 



Tinctura iodi, 
Tinctura ratan- 

has, 
Tinctura strych- 

ni, 
Tinctura opii 

simplex, 
Tinctura opii ben- 

zoica. 



Trochisci natri 
bicarbonici, 



Paris Codex. 
Sirop de gomme. 

Melasse. 



Pissenlit. 
Teintured'aconit. 



Teinture de ben- 
join. 
Teinture de chan- 

vre indien. 
Teinture de can- 

tharides. 

Teinture de cas- 
toreum. 

Teinture de quin- 
quina. 



Teinture de se- 
ntences de col- 
chique. 



Teinture de noix 

de galle. 
Teinture de houb- 

lon. 
Teinture d'iode. 
Teinture de ra- 

tanhia. 
Teinture de noix 

vomique. 
Teinture d'opium. 

Teinture d 'opium 
camphree. 



Pastilles de 
carbonate 
soude. 



bi- 
de 



Ungucntum 
reum, 



ce- f Cdrat simple, 
(C£rat jaune. 



TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 



637 



IT. S. Ph. 

Unguentum anti- 

nionii, 
Unguentum aquae 

rosae, 
Unguentum ben- 

zoini, 
Unguentum can- 

tharidis, 
Unguentum hy- 

drargyri, 

Unguentum liy- 
drargyri am- 
nioniati, 

Unguentum hy- 
drargyri oxidi 
rubri et flavi, 

Unguentum iodi- 

nii coruposi- 

tum, 
Unguentum 

plumbi carbon- 

atis, 
Unguentum po- 

tassii iodidi, 
Unguentum sul- 

phuris, 

Unguentum zinci 

oxidi, 
TTva passa, 
Uva ursi, 

Yeratrum album, 
Veratrum viride, 

Yinum antimonii, 

Yinum colchici 

radicis, 
Yinum colchici 

seminis, 
Yinum opii, 

Yinum rhei, 

Yinum xericum, 

Zinci aeetas, 
Zinci carbonas 
praacipitata, 



Brit. Ph. 

Unguentum anti- 
monii tartarati, 



Ph. Germ. 
Unguentum tar- 

tari stibiati, 
Unguentum leni- 

ens, 



Paris Codex. 
Pommade stibiee. 

Cerat cosmetique. 



Adeps benzoatus, 

Unguentum can- 

tharidis, 
Unguentum hy- 

drargyri, 

Unguentum hy- 
drargyri am- 
moniati, 

Unguentum hy- 
drargyri oxidi 
rubri, 

Unguentum iodi, 



Unguentum 

plumbi carbon- 

atis, 
Unguentum po- 

tassii iodidi, 
Unguentum sul- 

phuris, 

U n guentum zinci , 

Uvse, 

Uva3 ursi folio, 



Unguentum can- 

tharidum, 
Unguentum hy- 

drargyri cine- 

reum, 
Unguentum hy- 

drargyri praB- 

cipitati albi, 
f Unguentum hy- 

drargyri ru- 

brum, 
Unguentum oph- 

thalmicum, 



Pommade mer- 
curielle. 



Pommade cle pre- 
cipite rouge. 



Unguentum ce- 
russse, 

Unguentum kalii 
iodati, 

Unguentum sul- 
fur at uni sim- 
plex, 

Unguentum zinci, 



Pommade de car- 
bonate de 
plomb. 

Pommade iodu- 
ree. 

Pommade sou- 
free. 

Pommade cl'ox- 
yde de zinc. 



Yeratri viridis 

radix, 
Yinum antimoni- 

ale, 
Yinum colchici, 



Folia uvse ursi, 
Bhizoma veratri, 



Busserole. 
Ellebore blanc. 



Yinum stibiatum, Yin antimonie. 



Yinum opii, 

Yinum rhei. 

Yinum xericum, 

Zinci aeetas, 
Zinci carbonas. 



Yinum colchici, ] 



Tinctura opii cro- Yin d'opium com- 

cata, pose. 

Tinctura rhei vi- Yin de rhubarbe. 

nosa, 

Yinum xerense, 

Zincum aceticum, Acetate de zinc. 

. Carbonate de 

zinc. 



Zinci chloridum, Zinci chloridum, Zincum chlora- Chlorure de zinc. 



turn, 



638 TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES, 



U. S. Ph. Brit. Ph. Ph. Germ. Paris Codex. 

Zinci oxidum, Zinci oxidum, Zincum oxyda- Oxyde de zinc. 

turn purum, 

Zinci oxidum ve- . Zincum oxyda- 

nale, turn venale, 

Zinci sulphas, Zinci sulphas, Zincum sulfuri- Sulfate de zinc. 

cum, 
Zinci valerianas, Zinci valerianas, Zincum valeriani- Valerianate de 

cum, zinc. 

Zingiber, Zingiber, Rhizoma zingi- Gingembre. 

beris, 

Note.— All the names in the Paris Codex are given in the French, in the other phar- 
macopoeias in the Latin language. 



OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS, 



INTERNAL REMEDIES. 



Powders. — These are of two kinds : simple and compound. The first are 
prepared by pulverization ; and the second by the mixture of two or more 
simple powders, except where one of the ingredients is employed to facilitate 
the more minute division of the others, as in the case of the powder of ipe- 
cacuanha and opium. Many of the most important articles used in this 
form are powdered by grinding and stamping, by persons who make it a 
special business. When this operation is performed by the apothecary or 
medical practitioner, it is most frequently accomplished by means of the 
pestle and mortar and the sieve : but in some cases, a stone slab and muller 
are required ; whilst in others, the article is merely rubbed through a sieve. 
Whenever a substance cannot be dried completely without an alteration of 
its properties, recourse must be had to an intermedium, by which the mois- 
ture may be absorbed, or its state of aggregation modified. Thus, sugar is 
the best intermedium in pulverizing vanilla or nutmeg. When camphor is 
to be pulverized, the addition of a small quantity of alcohol will much facili- 
tate the operation. In other cases, the intermedium should be of so hard a 
consistence as to assist in breaking down the substance to be pulverized ; 
thus, gold-leaf is best reduced to powder by rubbing it with sulphate of 
potassium, and afterwards removing this latter by means of water. 

The rules to be observed in the preparation of powders are : — 

1. Operate, if possible, on perfectly dry articles, and in dry weather. 

2. Adapt the nature of the mortar, and the mode of operating, to the 
nature of the substance : thus, woods and barks should be pulverized in an 
iron mortar ; sugar, alum, and nitre, in one of marble ; corrosive sublimate 
in one of glass. 

3. The mortar should be provided with a cover to prevent particles from 
being forced out by the action of the pestle, and also to arrest the escape of 
the finer particles, which would otherwise be diffused through the atmosphere, 
causing a loss of the product, and an annoyance to the operator. 

4. Separate, from time to time, by aid of a sieve, the pulverized portions, 
returning the coarser particles to the mortar ; and repeat this alternate pul- 
verization and sifting until the process is completed. 

Compound Powders. — 1. Each substance is to be pulverized separately, 
and the quantity ordered in the prescription then weighed off ; otherwise, the 
due proportions will not be maintained. 

2. Pulverize soft substances with those which are the reverse, which will 
thus serve as an intermedium. 

3. Pass all the substances through the same sieve, as this will render them 
more homogeneous, and will also prevent unnecessary loss. 

Some substances, however well dried, are reduced to powder with great 
difficulty by the usual modes of pulverization ; as, for instance, mix vomica 
and jalap, which require to be exposed to the steam of boiling water for 
some time, and then rapidly dried. 

( 639 ) 



640 POWDERS. 

Few articles, except those containing volatile constituents, are deteriorated 
in their properties by being pulverized. Some, on the contrary, become 
more active by this process, from their less active portions being separated ; 
for instance, the powder of ipecacuanha, if properly prepared, and the ligne- 
ous part rejected, is far stronger than the root — all the efficient properties 
existing in the cortical portion. 

Some other processes are employed to obtain certain powders : viz. Preci- 
pitation, elutriation, and granulation. 

Precipitation. — Tartar emetic is obtained in a perfectly fine powder, by 
precipitation from a concentrated aqueous solution by means of alcohol ; so, 
also, the precipitated carbonate of calcium is prepared by the action of a 
solution of carbonate of sodium on the solution of chloride of calcium. 

Elutriation. — This is a method by which the finer particles of a powder 
are separated from the coarser. It is performed by diffusing the powder 
through water, permitting the heavier portions to subside, then withdrawing 
the fluid, holding the finer particles in suspension, into another vessel, and 
allowing them to subside. This process is employed in making prepared 
chalk, etc. 

Granulation. — This is used to obtain certain metals in a finely divided 
state ; as zinc, tin, iron, etc. 

Zinc is granulated either coarsely or finely ; the first form is procured by 
melting the metal in an iron ladle, and pouring it slowly, in a fine stream, 
into cold water; the fine powder is obtained by rubbing the melted metal 
in an iron mortar. This metal loses its ductile properties at about 400°, and 
becomes so brittle as to be pulverized without difficulty. It does not melt, 
except at a temperature of tT3°, so that the melting is many degrees above 
its brittle point ; hence, by beginning the trituration at the melting point, it 
gradually reaches that at which it is most readily pulverized. The mortar 
should be thick and well heated before the fluid metal is poured into it. 
After being granulated, it should be properly sifted. 

The granulation of tin may be effected in the same manner ; but a more 
common mode is to pour the melted metal into a strong wooden box, pro- 
vided with a closely-fitting lid, and agitating till the tin is cold; by this 
means, it is rapidly converted into powder and small grains, which can be 
separated from each other by elutriation or sifting. 

Iron is granulated by filing, or by means of a pestle and mortar (see page 
278); but the best means to procure metallic iron in a finely-divided state is 
by reducing it from the state of the carbonate by means of hydrogen gas 
(see page 2T8). 

Salts are likewise often granulated, either because, like sal ammoniac, they 
are very difficult to powder in the condition in which they are usually found 
in commerce, or, like nitrate of potassium and sulphate of iron, they are apt 
to retain much of the mother-liquor if crystallized, or the weighing of small 
quantities is facilitated, as in the case of nitrate of silver, or else they crys- 
tallize with difficulty, and are then very, deliquescent, like acetate and citrate 
of potassium. The granulation is effected by making a hot saturated solu- 
tion of the salt, filtering, if necessary, while hot, and stirring the filtered 
liquid frequently until quite cool. Deliquescent salts, or such as are very 
freely soluble in water, like nitrate of silver, must be obtained in solution in 
distilled water, which is then evaporated, and when the salt begins to sepa- 
rate, the syrupy liquid is continually stirred, heat being applied all the time, 
until finally a dry powder remains behind. 

The granulation of medicines has been proposed by Dr. Thomas Skinner, 
who describes the method of preparing the granules as follows (Amer. Journ. 
Pharm., 1862, p. .'524) :— 

The first step is to procure the material Of good quality. The powders 



U r\ 



PILLS AND BOLUSES. 641 

need not be very fine in order to form granules, hence sifted ground powders 
ma}' be used. 

u 1. Making the Mass. — The powder, however obtained, is put into a wedge- 
wood mortar, and sufficient mucilage of gum Arabic is added to make a 
mass of so dry a consistence that it will readily crumble, and not be adhesive 
when rubbed against a coarse sieve, a condition soon learned b}^ practice. 
The powder may also be made into a stiff paste, rolled into flat thin cakes, 
dried at a low temperature, and coarsely powdered or bruised in a mortar. 

" 2. Granulating and Sifting. — The process requires three sieves of the 
sizes of twelve, fifteen, and twenty meshes to the linear inch, and these are 
to be fitted together like a drum sieve, the coarsest being at the top, the 
finest at the bottom. The mass is now rubbed through the top sieve with 
the open hand, the sieves are then shaken as in ordinary sifting. The 
second sieve will retain the larger granules, the lower sieve the finer, whilst 
the pulverulent particles pass through below, and may again be treated after 
being damped in the manner as before. When the mass is formed into 
cakes and bruised, it is sifted in the same way, the finest particles being 
worked over again. 

" 3. Drying, Coating, and Water-proofing the Granules. — The granules 
by the first process are spread on paper and occasionally stirred till dry, or 
if the process is not injurious to some ingredient they may be dried in a 
metallic pan subjected to a moderate heat, with constant stirring, or more 
speedily in a current of dry hot air with occasional stirring. When perfectly 
dry they are placed in a mortar, or capsule of convenient size, and a sufficient 
quantity of strong tincture of tolu (5iij to f |j) in which any flavor desired 
has been dissolved, and stirred until the entire mass of granules appear to be 
equally coated and gloss}^, when they are again subjected to the drying 
process with constant stirring. 

"Granules well prepared in this manner are compact, and to some extent 
insoluble in cold water ; a desideratum, as they may be conveniently admin- 
istered in that vehicle, without imparting to the w r ater the slightest taste, 
smell, or color. The proportion of gum in these granules on an average is 
one-sixteenth, and that of the tolu too small to estimate, so that in calcu- 
lating doses, but little abatement need be made for these excipients." 

Granular effervescing salts have been used for some years past, many 
being made now in imitation of the composition of celebrated mineral springs. 
The effervescence is produced by bicarbonate of sodium, and either tartaric 
or citric acid, or both. The ingredients are first thoroughly dried, powdered 
separately, and then mixed; one-third to one-half their weight of powdered 
sugar is added, and when the whole is well mixed together, a sufficient quan- 
tity of alcohol is added to produce a mass that will crumble, which is then 
rubbed lightly through a No. 8 sieve, and rapidly dried upon trays placed in 
a warm room, after which the fine powder is removed by a suitable sieve, or 
the powder and granules are separated by sieves of different degrees of fine- 
ness, so as to present a uniform appearance. If skilfully prepared, these 
granules are uniform in composition, and dissolve readily in water, forming 
a pleasant effervescing drink. 

Pills and Boluses. — Pills are small globular masses, of a semi-solid con- 
sistence, of the weight of half a grain to six grains, having as a base a 
powdery extract, etc., and rendered of the proper consistence by a syrup, 
pulp, etc. A bolus differs from a pill merely in being much larger, and 
generally less solid, weighing from six to twelve grains, and even more. 

No form of medicinal agents is more frequently employed than that of the 
pill ; not only because of the facility with which it is administered, and its 
41 



642 



PILLS AND BOLUSES 



comparatively little taste, but because this form answers so excellent a pur- 
pose in the preservation of certain compounds. 

The article, or articles, to be administered in this mode, should first be 
formed into a consistent, moderately-firm mass — sufficiently plastic to admit 
of its being moulded into shape, without adhesion to the moulding instru- 
ment, and yet of so firm a consistence as to retain the form given to it. To 
accomplish this, the following rules must be attended to : — 

1. All the constituents, which can be pulverized, must be reduced to the 
state of a fine powder, and then thoroughly mixed together. 

2. If soft ingredients enter into the composition they must be triturated 
with the harder articles, which thus serve as an intermedium. 

3. No deliquescent salt should enter into the composition of officinal pills; 
otherwise they will become altered and decomposed. 

4. The nature of the excipient should be suited to that of the constituents: 
thus, syrups are to be used for most vegetable powders ; soap for fattyr mat- 
ters; calcined magnesia for copaiba and turpentine. In some cases, no 
excipient is required, as for most of the gum resins. Extracts can rarely be 
made into pills without the addition of some vegetable powder ; even if they 
are of a firm consistence, extracts are usually Irygroscopic, or part with the 
moisture contained in them so slowly, that pills made of such preparations 
alone will generally lose their globular shape when kept on hand for several 

Fig. 11. 




OOUNTKR. DUAWICR CONTAINING A PlLL-M AOH1NE. 

A. Pill-machine. 13. Pill-cutter. O. Roller. D. D. Sides of the drawer. 

days. Salts which are easily soluble dissolve in the water contained in the 
extracts, and if the latter be soft and are prescribed in sufficient quantity 
with 1 he former, the mass will liquefy, requiring then a considerable quantity 
of vegetable powder for forming a muss of good pilular consistence. Muci 
lage, whirli is often ordered in the formation of various pills, is only suitec 
to those which are to be used in a short time after they are made; but is noi 



PILLS AND BOLUSES. 



643 



Fig. 12. 



suited to such as are to be kept, because pills, into which it enters as an 
excipient, become so hard as to pass through the bowels almost unaltered. 

5. The excipient 'should be gradually added, and the mass beaten and 
triturated till it is perfectly homogeneous. 

6. When the pilular mass is properly made, the next operation consists in 
dividing it into pills of equal size, which is effected by dividing it with a spa- 
tula into morsels of the requisite weight, 
and rolling them between the fingers ; or, 
in a more effectual, rapid, and cleanly 
manner, by means of a pill-machine. (See 
fig. 11.) 

t. To prevent any adhesion of the pills 
after they are made, and to prevent any 
disagreeable taste, thej^ are, in most cases, 
covered with an inert powder : as, pow- 
dered liquorice-root, starch, orris-root, ly- 
copodium, and frequently with magnesia; 
but this latter is wholly un suited to some 
preparations — for instance, to pills of ca- 
lomel — as decomposition will be caused. 
In Europe, they are often coated with gold 
or silver leaf; but this plan is seldom 
adopted in this country. Where, from 
their nauseous taste, or other circum- 
stances, it becomes expedient to cover 
them, this is best done by means of gela- 
tin. Each pill, being stuck on the point 
of a thin wire, four or five inches in length, 
is dipped into a solution of gelatin (a, 
Eig. 12), so as to coat it completely ; and 
the wire is then inserted into a pin-cushion, 
or a vessel containing fine sand (Fig. 13), 
and left till the gelatin is firm, which 
occurs in about a quarter of an hour, when 

the pill can be transferred to a pan (Fig. 14) to dry. Pills may be coated 
with sugar by covering them first upon a slab with a thin film of mucilage 
of gum Arabic or tragacanth, and immediately afterwards transferring them 
to another tile containing very finely-powdered sugar, or an intimate mix- 
ture of sugar and some gum Arabic; by giving the pills a rotary motion, 
pressing slightly upon them, 

Fig. 13. 




"Water-bath, in which is placed the ves- 
sel, a, holding a solution of one part of 
gelatin in two parts of water, b. Waste 
pipe to carry off the steam, c. Gas bur- 
ner. 



the powder is made to adhere, 
and the coating will become 
dry if the rotary motion is 
continued for some minutes, 
in the presence of powdered 
sugar, upon a tile previously 
heated. The operation is more 
rapidly and uniformly per- 
formed by placing the pills 
previously moistened with 
mucilage in a hollow sphere 
containing; powdered sugar, 



Fig. 14. 




Coating Pills with Gelatin. 
Fig. 13. Vessel partly filled with sand, into which the 
pins holding the coated pills are stuck. 
Fig. 14. Pan for holding the partially-dried pills. 



and rotating it rapidly for a few minutes. To prevent the coating of sugar 
from becoming discolored, the pills should be previously dried, and put in a 
warm place after the coating has been effected. On a large scale, pills are 
covered with sugar by rotating them continuously with moist sugar or dense 



64A EXTRACTS. 

syrup, gradually added, in a hemispherical capper dish, which is kept warm 
either by placing a suitable gas or other furnace beneath it, or by heating it 
with steam, until the moisture has evaporated and the covering of sugar has 
become smooth and glossy. 

Extracts. — This name is given to all products resulting from the evapo- 
ration of a solution, obtained by maceration, digestion, or decoction, or of 
an expressed juice. They are generally of a soft consistence, of a dark color, 
and of an odor and taste analogous to those of the substance from which 
they are derived. They have been classed according to the fluid employed 
in obtaining them ; as watery, alcoholic, hydro-alcoholic, ethereal, vinous, 
acetic, etc. Some, however, are made from the expressed juices of plants, 
without any intermedium. The great object, in selecting one or more of 
these menstrua, is to employ that which takes up the largest proportion of 
the active ingredients of the root, bark, etc. ; for the most advantageous sol- 
vent for one constituent may be wholly inefficient for others. Thus, alcohol 
is the proper menstruum for resinous substances, water for bitter extractive, 
vinegar or diluted acids for articles containing alkaloids, etc. ; but, in some 
cases, an extract, containing all the active properties of the drug, can be 
obtained only by a combination or a succession of different solvents. 

Extracts made by inspissating the expressed juices of plants have been 
considered to contain the active principles of the vegetable in a less altered 
form than by any other mode. But it has been shown that such is far from 
being the case, as, in some instances, the expressed juice does not contain 
the active constituents. Thus, in aconitum, much of the efficient principle 
is left in the residuum ; added to which, in some extracts made in this man- 
ner, the medicinal ingredients are destroyed, or much deteriorated, in the 
evaporation. This is obviated, in a great measure, by allowing the ex- 
pressed juice to evaporate spontaneously at ordinary temperatures, or by 
carrying on this process in vacuo. It has been found that extracts made by 
the latter method have more of the aroma and taste of the original article, 
keep better, and are more efficient. When inspissation of the natural juices 
of the plant is not practicable, a solution of the active ingredients is to be 
obtained by the use of certain menstrua — as water and alcohol — according 
to the substance to be acted upon. When the active principles are soluble 
in water, that fluid is often used as the vehicle of extraction ; when resinous, 
alcohol is to be employed ; when oleoresinous, ether will be found the best 
menstruum. When it is desired that all the principles soluble in the various 
menstrua should be reunited in the extract, the vegetable substance is first 
to be subjected to the action of one, and then to another, of the solvents ; 
and the solutions thus obtained are to be evaporated to a syrupy consist- 
ence, then mixed together, and properly inspissated. These solutions are 
obtained by maceration, digestion, infusion, and displacement. Decoction 
is seldom to be employed, as it affords extracts containing much inert mat- 
ter, and, of course, of inferior quality. Of late years the process of displace- 
ment has been much used in the formation of extracts, whatever the men- 
struum selected, as it affords a solution of the soluble principles in a much 
smaller quantity of fluid; and hence, prevents the injurious effects of too 
long ail exposure to heat in the subsequent evaporation. (Sec Tinctures.) 

With regard to the mode of evaporating extracts, much caution is re- 
quisite, as the various constituents of these bodies are very liable to undergo 
decomposition when exposed to the action of heat and atmospheric air. 
Sometimes the evaporation, especially of aqueous solutions, is performed 
over the naked fire; but this plan is liable to many objections, more par- 
ticularly towards the close of the operation, when a small excess of heat 
may cam e such a change in the character of the ingredients as to deprive 



EXTRACTS 



645 



Fiff. 15. 




"Water-bath. 
This is made of tinned-iron or copper, in such a 
manner as to leave a space between the two rings 
forming its wall, into which water can be intro- 
duced through the orifice a. The temperature of 
the water can be raised by a stove heat, or by the 
spirit lamp (represented beneath), above 212° F., 
by causing the mouth of the tube b to dip into a 
cup of mercury. 



Extracts made in 



them of all useful properties ; .and it is from this cause that extracts are some- 
times wholly worthless. Other and far better methods consist in the use of 
water and steam-baths (see Fig. 15), which prevent all danger of burning the 
extract. In the inspissation, when 
conducted in open vessels, it is of 
importance that the evaporation 
should be carried on rapidly, that 
the solution may be exposed to the 
action of the air for as short a time 
as possible. Evaporation in vacuo 
is always to be preferred, when 
practicable, as the process cannot 
onl} r be carried on at a lower tem- 
perature, but the deteriorating in- 
fluence of the air is avoided. The 
great objection is the additional ex- 
pense it entails on the operation. 
Spontaneous evaporation has also 
been successfully emploj^ed ; though 
necessarily slow, it affords excellent 
products. It is always advanta- 
geous to aid this process by employ- 
ing artificial heat to a certain de- 
gree, by conducting it in a drying 
room or warm closet, and by causing 
a current of dry air, heated to about 
100°, to pass over the surface of the evaporating fluid, 
this manner keep well, not undergoing the spontaneous decomposition so 
detrimental to extracts in general. When alcoholic solutions are to be con- 
centrated, distillation should always be used, as not only can the alcohol be 
recovered, but, from the process being carried on out of the atmospheric air, 
one great source of injury to the product is avoided. 

The consistence of extracts varies according to their ingredients, and the 
purposes to which they are to be applied. In addition to the fluid extracts, 
properly so-called, three different degrees of consistence are recognized in 
the pharmacopoeias : one quite soft, so as to require considerable vegetable 
powder for making pills ; another sufficiently firm to require little or no 
vegetable powder for that purpose, and the third so hard as to be pulveriza- 
ble. These different forms of extracts are useful because of the readiness 
with which they can be formed into pills or powders, when prescribed. But, 
in many cases, extracts undergo a change, some becoming soft and others 
hard ; and one of the difficult parts of an apothecary's business is to keep 
these preparations of an uniform consistence. They should be preserved in 
bottles or glazed earthenware pots, protected as much as possible from the 
action of the air. Notwithstanding every precaution that can be taken, a 
diminution of activity will, sooner or later, take place ; hence, these pepara- 
tions should be examined from time to time, and, if necessary, be renewed. 
The safest plan is to renew those made from recent plants once a year. 

To facilitate the dispensing of narcotic extracts in powder, the German 
Pharmacopoeia directs them to be thoroughly mixed with some powdered 
dextrin in a warm porcelain dish ; the mixture is then exsiccated at a tem- 
perature not exceeding 122° F., and while still warm triturated into an uni- 
form powder with sufficient dextrin to make the weight of the powder equal 
to twice the weight of the extract employed. Of these powdered extracts 
the pharmacist dispenses double the quantity of the narcotic extract ordered 
by the physician. 



646 CONFECTIONS, ETC. — SYRUPS. 

Confections, Conserves, Electuaries. — As there is no essential differ- 
ence in these preparations, they may be advantageously treated under one 
head. They are simple and compound : the first being merely a mixture of 
a recent vegetable substance and sugar, beaten into an uniform mass ; the 
second, of the same substances, but in greater numbers. In consequence of 
the greater simplicity of prescriptions, of late years, the number of prepa- 
rations of this kind have greatly diminished, and they are emploj'ed more 
as vehicles for other medicines than for their own remedial powers. The 
following rules are to be observed in their preparation and preservation : — 

1. The powders to be incorporated are to be in a state of fine division, 
and the pulps used, perfectly homogeneous, and not too fluid. 

2. The mixture should be intimate, and the consistence of the resulting 
mass should be solid enough to prevent a separation of the ingredients ; and 
yet sufficiently soft to allow of its being swallowed without being masticated. 

3. If the mixture swells up, and gives off carbonic acid, it is to be well 
rubbed in a mortar, to break down any sugar that may have crystallized, 
and any hard lumps that may have formed, so as again to form an uniform 
mass. 

4. They should be preserved in earthenware or porcelain pots, well covered, 
and kept in a moderately moist situation. 

Pulps are simple medicinal preparations, of a soft consistence, formed of 
the tissues of vegetable substances, or some of their thin parts ; they differ 
from extracts in containing insoluble as well as soluble principles. They 
are to be prepared by rubbing the fruit, or other articles from which they 
are made, through a wire sieve, so as to separate the vegetable fibre from 
the soft parts by which it is surrounded. When the fruit is hard or dry, it 
is to be softened b}^ means of boiling water, previous to expression through 
the sieve. The expressed pulp, if not sufficiently consistent, is to be pro- 
perly evaporated. Pulps are to be preserved in the same manner as confec- 
tions. Yery few of these preparations are now used in medicine. 

Syrups. — These are liquid, viscous medicines, consisting of a concentrated 
solution of sugar in aqueous fluids. 

All fluids susceptible of dissolving more than their weight of sugar can be 
formed into syrups. These s}-rups are of two kinds : simple and compound. 
Simple syrup is prepared by dissolving sugar in pure water ; and compound 
syrups are obtained by dissolving the sugar in solutions of various sub- 
stances, formed by infusion, decoction, expression, etc. All medicinal syrups 
are now made from refined sugar; the}^ require to be perfectly filtered, so as 
to be limpid, and they should have a certain viscidit}^ of consistence, and be 
capable of being preserved without entering into fermentation, or cr}'stalliza- 
tion. These latter properties depend on their not containing the proper 
proportion of sugar — an excess being deposited in a ciystalline form, and a 
deficiency causing the solution to run into fermentation. The best mode of 
ascertaining the proper point of concentration is by means of the specifie 
gravity at different temperatures. The specific gravit}^ of well-prepared 
simple syrup is, when boiling, about 1.261, and when cold 1.317; but the 
proper degree of concentration is more readily obtained by means of Baumd's 
hydrometer (sec; pages 34, 37). This should stand at about 30° in boiling 
syrup, and at 35° when it is cold. Other modes are also employed, which, 
although sufficiently accurate in the hands of an experienced operator, are 
not to l»e generally depended upon. They are derived from the degree of 
viscosity acquired by the syrup, as shown by the time required for the parts 
of a drop to re-unite, and by the length of the thread which a drop will pro- 
duce before detaching itself, when poured from a spoon or ladle. When the 



MELLITES. — INFUSIONS. G47 

syrup, on cooling, presents a crystalline pellicle, it is a proof that the evapo- 
ration has been carried too far; but, when the sugar has been mixed with an 
acid, or when the process has been too much prolonged, the sugar loses its 
power of crystallization, however much the syrup is concentrated, and, there- 
fore, does not form a pellicle. 

Several officinal sj'rups are directed by the pharmacopoeias to be made 
without heat, by agitating the liquid with the sugar in the form of a gran- 
ular powder, and by a similar method, simple and other medicated syrups 
have been prepared. The sugar is placed in a suitable percolator, near the 
bottom of which a flannel strainer has been securely fastened ; the water or 
solution is now added and left in contact with the sugar for half an hour, 
after which time the liquid is drawn off drop by drop. With a proper 
arrangement of the apparatus, and the requisite care to make the liquid per- 
colate slowly through the column of sugar, a good dense syrup will be 
obtained. Should some of the sugar have escaped solution, the last portions 
of the syrup will generally be found of less density, and should be returned 
to the percolator until all the sugar is dissolved, after which the different 
portions of the syrup should be thorough^ mixed together. 

The compound syrups, if kept any time, are liable to various alterations, 
depending on their nature, and the degree of care used in their preparation. 
Thus, the acid syrups, as the syrup of lemons, when too concentrated, deposit 
a copious white precipitate ; and in some cases, solidify entirely. By heating 
them, they again become liquid ; but again let fall a precipitate on cooling. 
This deposit is analogous to grape sugar, and is caused by the action of the 
acid on the sugar. When the sugar bears too small a proportion to the 
liquid, syrups are apt to run into fermentation. Even when the sugar is in 
proper proportion, this change often takes place if the solution contains 
much amylaceous or extractive vegetable matter. Even when too much con- 
centrated, they may also undergo this change, from part of the sugar being 
deposited in a crystalline state ; and the crystal, attracting the sugar neces- 
sary to the perservation of the syrup, reduces its strength, and renders it 
liable to the same change as though it was originally too weak. 

Syrups, especially those containing the juices of fruits, should be bottled 
whilst hot, and, when cold, well stopped and sealed ; and these, as well as 
all other kinds, should be kept in a temperature not exceeding 60° F. Vari- 
ous plans have been devised to preserve syrups ; but the best is to prepare 
them only in such quantities as will be used within a short time. The addi- 
tion of chlorate of potassium, as advised by Maculloch, and of sugar of 
milk, as advised by Chereau, has proved useful ; Durancl recommended to 
add to each pint of syrup about one drachm of Hoffmann's anodyne, which 
appears to have the property of arresting or preventing any tendency to 
fermentation ; and Mr. J. B. Moore has latety suggested to replace a portion 
of the sugar by glycerin equal to one-fourth the bulk of the finished syrup. 

Mellites, or Honeys, are liquid, viscous medicines, somewhat analogous 
to syrups, but in which the sugar is replaced by honey. Like syrups, they 
may be divided into simple and compound, or medicated. Their prepara- 
tion, medical properties, modes of administration and preservation, are very 
similar to those of the syrups, and do not, therefore, require further notice. 
Though formerly much used, they are now seldom prescribed, as they are 
often found to disagree with the stomach, especially if made with the honey 
of commerce in an unpurified state. 

Infusions are aqueous solutions, made by treating vegetable products 
with cold or hot water, but never carried to ebullition. They are seldom 
made by the apothecary, who merely furnishes the medicinal ingredients; 



648 DECOCTIONS. — TOCTUEES. 

whilst the preparation is usually confided to the nurse or other attendant on 
the patient. This plan, although more economical than when the prepara- 
tion is compounded by the apothecary, often renders the prescription of the 
physician of little avail, from the infusion being erroneously made. They 
are generally prepared by pouring boiling water on the ingredients, and ma- 
cerating in a tightly-covered vessel until the liquid cools ; or the vessel is 
kept for some time at a low heat before a. fire. In most cases, an infusion 
should be strained or filtered before being used ; but, in general, nurses are 
content merety to decant them for use. The vessels, in which infusions are 
made, are usually of stone or earthenware, and polished metallic vessels may 
be used, provided they are not acted upon by the infusion. Infusions are 
mostly made for extemporaneous use, as they are exceedingly liable to 
decomposition, and consequently cannot be kept long without spoiling. 
They may, however, be preserved for some time by pouring them, whilst 
hot, into bottles so as to fill them, and forcing in stout corks. If the opera- 
tion be properly performed so as to perfectly exclude the air, the infusion 
will keep for some months. An infusion made with cold water, by the pro- 
cess of displacement, has less tendency to spoil than one made in the usual 
manner with hot water. 

Decoctions differ from infusions in the circumstance that the substance to 
be acted upon is subjected to the solvent action of the menstruum at its 
boiling point, and continued for a longer or shorter period, according to 
the solubility of the substance, or its constituents. By decoction, all the 
principles soluble in water can be obtained ; and even many substances not 
properly soluble in that fluid are diffused through it, and held in suspen- 
sion. On the other hand, many substances are injured or destroj^ed by 
decoction, especially when their active principles are volatile, and when, 
during ebullition, chemical changes take place, by which the active constitu- 
ents are rendered insoluble, or are decomposed. In fact, protracted ebulli- 
tion is seldom required since the process of displacement has become known, 
as it has been found that water at a common temperature, by this method, 
will exhaust most vegetable substances more effectually than the same fluid 
at 212° by decoction. There are some exceptions; as all emulsive prepara- 
tions, and certain gummy solutions, require ebullition. As in the case of 
infusions, decoctions are only made extemporaneously, for they readily 
decompose by keeping. They should be prepared in closed vessels, and 
generally in those of earthenware. Copper vessels should be used with 
great care, as many vegetable decoctions corrode them, especially if per- 
mitted to cool in them. Iron vessels are not to be employed when the decoc- 
tion contains tannin or gallic acid. Zinc is very rapidly acted upon by 
many vegetable substances, and should, therefore, be avoided. In all cases, 
the vessels employed should be deep and narrow, rather than broad and shal- 
low, to obviate as much as possible the influence of the air on the product. 

Tinctures are solutions of vegetable, animal, and, in some cases, of 
mineral substances in spirituous fluids. The spirit employed is alcohol, 
either diluted or undiluted, either pure or medicated ; and, in some cases, 
ether. The form of tincture. is one much used in pharmacy: it presents the 
active principles of drugs in a small volume; it can be preserved in an un- 
altered slate for a long time; and is, in most cases, well adapted to unite 
with other substances in extemporaneous prescriptions. Tinctures are made 
by maceration, or by displacement. 

Maceration is an operation in which, by the action of a fluid at common 
temperatures, continued for a certain length of time, a solution of the princi- 
ples of an organic substance in that fluid is obtained. As before stated, in 



TINCTURES. 649 

making tinctures, the strength of the spirituous menstruum employed is 
varied according to circumstances. If the substance to be acted upon is 
resinous, alcohol is to be employed ; if it contains also matters soluble in 
water, and insoluble in pure alcohol, this article, in a diluted state, is to be 
used. The period of maceration varies from a few hours to several weeks ; 
and, during the process, the vessel in which it is performed should be kept 
closed, to prevent evaporation. When the spirit has remained upon the 
substance for the directed period, it should be decanted, instead of being 
left, as is too often the case, standing on the dregs until it is used. This 
practice is erroneous, and may be attended with evil consequences ; for the 
characters and properties of a tincture which has been suffered to remain too 
long in contact with the solid ingredients, will often be found to differ con- 
siderably from what they would have been if the process had been terminated 
at the indicated time. When a tincture is made by maceration, it requires 
to be filtered, after being separated from the dregs ; otherwise, it will be 
turbid, and deposit much insoluble matter on standing. 

Displacement. — This process is of comparatively late introduction in the 
making of tinctures, etc. For a great proportion of these preparations, it is 
decidedly to be preferred to maceration ; but for others it has not proved so 
satisfactory. Mohr and Redwood observe, on this point : — 

" When tinctures are made in large quantities, displacement is never likely 
to supersede maceration, on account of any practical advantages it ma} 7- 
possess. If the prescribed directions be duly attended to, the process of 
maceration is unexceptionable. The process is more simple than the other; 
the mode of operating is more uniform, it is, in fact, always the same ; it 
requires less of skill and dexterity in conducting it ; it requires less constant 
attention during its progress, which, in operating on large quantities, is a 
consideration ; and, finally, the apparatus required is less complicated. 

" When only small quantities of tincture are made at a time, and kept in 
stock, the adoption of the process of displacement will often be found con- 
venient and advantageous. It offers the means of making a tincture in two 
or three hours, which, by the other process, would require as many weeks. 
The process being thus completed in so short a time (for the quantity con- 
templated might be made at one operation), it would not be so likety as the 
other to experience neglect during the performance of it, or a deviation from 
the prescribed instructions ; the product would, therefore, be more uniform. 
Finally, in many cases, the tincture and spirit may be removed from the 
dregs more completely, in operating on small quantities, by this process, 
than by the other." 

These remarks are scarcely applicable now to this country, where the 
process of percolation has been found to possess many advantages if prop- 
erly conducted, even on a very extensive scale. The United States Phar- 
macopoeia contains the following observations and practical details of the 
process, which will always insure an unobjectionable product : — 

" The kind of filtration known as percolation or the process of dis- 
placement, directed in this Pharmacopoeia, consists in subjecting a sub- 
stance or substances, in powder, contained in a vessel called a percolator, 
to the solvent action of successive portions of a menstruum, in such a man- 
ner that the liquid, as it traverses the powder in its descent to the recipient, 
shall become charged with the soluble portion of it, and pass from the per- 
colator free from insoluble matter. 

" When the process is successfully conducted, the first portion of the 
filtered liquid, or percolate, will be nearly saturated with the soluble con- 
stituents of the substance treated ; and, if the quantity of menstruum be 
sufficient for its exhaustion, the last portion will be nearly destitute of color, 
odor, and taste. 



650 



TINCTURES, 



" The percolator should be either conical or nearlj' cylindrical, with a 
conical termination at the smaller end, and provided internally with a porous 
or colander-like partition or diaphragm, resting transversely immediately 



VARIOUS FORMS OF DISPLACEMENT APPARATUS. 



Fig. 16. 



Fig. 20. 



Fig. 21. 



Fig. 22. 




Displacement Appa- 
ratus. 



Displacer for Glass Dis- Glass Dis- Continuous 

Volatile placer. placer. Displacement. 

Liquids. 

Fig. 16. Apparatus for tinctures. A. The glass adapter, closed by a dia- 
phragm at the lower end, on which is placed some clean sand. The 
adapter is fitted by a perforated cork into the mouth of the bottle B. C 
is a tube drawn to a capillary point to permit the escape of air. 

Fig. 19. A is an ordinary tin percolator having the rim c soldered around 
it, to form a water-joint when the lid d is placed in it. a is a perforated 
diaphragm, and e a tin tube, through which the atmosphere of the bottle 
B communicates with that above. 

Figs. 20 and 21. Common glass chimneys with muslin diaphragms across the lower end. 

Fig. 22 shows an arrangement for continuous displacement. Whenever the fluid in the percolator 
Binks below the mouth of the inverted bottle, the contents of the latter will run out and maintain 
the supply. 

above its neck, for the support of the powder. Ordinary glass funnels, 
varying in capacity from one to eight pints, are to be preferred for most of 
the operations requiring percolation in this Pharmacopoeia ; but percolators 
may also be made of earthenware or tinned iron, especially of the latter 
material, when required of largo size. Tinned iron, however, should not 
be used when the liquid acts chemically on the material. In the several 
formulas in which percolators are used, their form and material will always 
})(■ designated, when there is a preference in these respects. In cases in 
which these variations of the instrument are indifferent, the term percolator 
simply will be employed. When a, funnel is used, a circular piece of muslin 
or of lint, pressed into the ueck by means of a cork with notched sides, forms 
a good diaphragm; but in all cases a similar piece of muslin, moistened 
slightly with the menstruum, should be interposed between the diaphragm 
and the powder, to prevent the passage of the line particles of the latter. 



TINCTURES. 



651 



" The substance to be subjected to percolation, after having been reduced 
by sifting to a uniform powder, of the fineness indicated in the formula, is 
to be put into a basin with the specified quantity of the menstruum, and the 
two rubbed together until the powder is uniformly moistened. 



Fig. 23. 



Fig. 24. 




Fig. 25. 



Section of a Funnel 

DlSPLACER. 




Cylindrical 
Glass Perco- 
lator. 



Glass Percolator with Siphon. 

Fig. 23 shows an ornamental glass displacer, designed by Dr. Squibb, which appears to be par- 
ticularly adapted for tinctures. In the bottom of the percolator a is placed a flat disk of flannel 
6 ; the glass well-tube e is surrounded at its base by a close-fitting disk of flannel c, and this is 
covered by a disk of filtering paper d ; upon this the material h is packed in coarse or fine powder, 
and covered by a piece of muslin i. The glass siphon /is inserted in the well-tube, and held in 
position by rubber disks or stoppers g and k. After the material has been sufficiently macerated 
with the menstruum, the siphon is started by suction at the turned-up end, and the flowot the 
liquid, to be collected in the receiver I, is regulated by raising or lowering the siphon, lhe per- 
colator is covered by the rubber disk./. 

Fig. 24 is a funnel displacer or conical percolator, the section of which should form an equilateral 
triangle. 

Fig. 25. A cylindrical glass percolator, adapted for astringent and other drugs which cannot be 
exhausted in metallic percolators. The diaphragm may be replaced in the funnel and cylinder by 
a plug of carded cotton inserted in the neck, and if the material is to be macerated in the perco- 
lator, the lower orifice is closed by a cork, and the top covered by a disk of rubber. Percolators of 
this kind are made of different dimensions ; the above represents a syringe pattern displacer, which 
is suitable for small operations. 

"A portion of the powder is now to be carefully placed upon the dia- 
phragm, prepared as above directed, and pressed gently until the muslin, 
resting against the sides of the percolator just above the neck, is covered 
with a uniform layer. The remainder of the powder is then to be trans- 



C52 TINCTURES. 

ferred to the percolator, and compressed eventy and firmly, and the levelled 
surface covered with a circular piece of moistened'muslin or paper, so that the 
liquid poured upon it may penetrate equably, and not disarrange the powder. 

" The percolator being now properly supported, with its neck in a bottle 
previously marked for the quantity or quantities of liquid to be percolated, 
the menstruum is to be poured on, until the space above is nearly filled ; and 
a layer of it must be constantly maintained above the powder, so as to pre- 
vent the access of air to its interstices, until all has been added, or until the 
requisite quantity of percolate has been obtained. 

" If the fineness of the powder and its arrangement in the percolator have 
been properly attended to, the percolate will pass out by drops, with greater 
or less rapidity, according to the size of the percolator; but if, by reason of 
accidental imperfection in the powder or in the packing, the liquid pass more 
rapidly than this, the neck of the percolator should be obstructed by means 
of a cork until the requisite slowness has been attained. 

" When the dregs of a tincture are to be subjected to percolation after 
maceration with the menstruum, the liquid portion should be drained off, 
the solid portion packed in a percolator, as before described, and the liquid 
gradually poured on until all has passed the surface, when immediately a 
sufficient quantity of the original menstruum should be poured on to dis- 
place the absorbed liquid, until the prescribed quantity of the tincture has 
been obtained." 

When operating on larger quantities of material, or when the object is to 
obtain the percolate in as concentrated a state as possible, particular atten- 
tion must be paid, 1, to the uniform degree of fineness of the powder, 2, to 
moisten it uniformly with a portion of the menstruum, so as to scarcely 
destroy its pulverulent condition, and 3, to pack the dampened powder uni- 
formly in the apparatus. The degree of pressure necessary for packing 
different material is to be learned from experience in each case. It may be 
observed, however, that all powders require much firmer packing in conical 
than in cylindrical percolators, and powders which are obtained from ligneous 
tissues mainly must be packed very firmly in all cases, while powders which 
imbibe the liquid freely, or are liable to much swelling, require a lighter 
pressure in packing than the former. If the powder is to be macerated with 
the menstruum previous to percolation, it should be packed carefully, as 
directed above, then the necessary quantity of the menstruum is poured 
upon it, and when the liquid has disappeared from the surface, or if it should 
commence to drop, the lower orifice of the percolator is closed with a cork, 
or by means of a stopcock, and the top is covered with a plate of glass or 
disk of rubber to prevent evaporation. After the maceration has been com- 
pleted, the lower orifice is opened, more menstruum is added, and the per- 
colation finished in the usual manner. 

That the dampened powder has been property packed may be readily 
observed in a glass percolator after the menstruum has been poured on ; it 
should then descend slowly but uniformly on all sides. If it descends more 
rapidly on one side, or in irregular lines, the. powder is either not uniform, 
or it has not been property dampened or properly packed, or these three 
conditions have not been well attended to, and the process will, therefore, be 
a failure to a greater or less degree, in proportion to the deviation from the 
rules laid down above. 

In some operations, especially those on the large scale, it is found useful 
to promote the displacement by pressure. This may be produced simply 
by supplying the solvent through a tube several feet high, adapted to the 
upper end of the cylinder, and terminating at the top in a funnel. A still 
better method, :is involving the use of less spirit, consists in the use of com- 
pressed air. By means of a condensing syringe, or a column of water or 



TIXCTURES. 653 

mereuiy in a tube, air is condensed in the bottle below; and, when the ma- 
terial and spirit have been introduced into the percolator, the top is tightly 
secured by a screw, and the compressed air admitted by a stopcock. This 
method answers excellently on the small scale with a column of mercury. 

Resinous and other substances which are almost entirely soluble in the 
alcoholic menstruum, present some difficulties by obstructing the passage of 
the liquid. Tinctures of such substances are best prepared by maceration, 
or, if percolation is preferred, the material is to be reduced to a uniform 
powder, and this mixed with at least an equal bulk of fine, well-washed sand, 
when the soluble portion is readily exhausted by percolation. 

The solution which first passes through in this process is alwa} T s in a state 
of high concentration. In general it is a simple solution of the soluble in- 
gredients of the crude drug in the fluid employed. But sometimes the 
solvent, if compound, is resolved into its component parts ; and the fluid 
which passes through is only one of these, holding the soluble parts of the 
drug in solution. Thus, if diluted alcohol be poured over the powder of 
myrrh, in the cylinder, the fluid which first drops into the receiver is a solu- 
tion of oily consistence, composed of resin and volatile oil dissolved in 
alcohol. And if powder of galls be acted on in like manner by aqueous 
sulphuric ether, two layers of fluid are obtained — a highly concentrated solu- 
tion of tannin in the water of the ether, and a weak solution of the same 
principle in pure ether. 

Displacement is accomplished, in the manner here described, with little or 
no intermixture of the liquid above, with that which is below, in the pulpy 
mass. If, after the pulp has been allowed to drain till drops cease to fall, 
the quantity of spirit retained by it be ascertained — that is, by subtracting 
what has dropped from what has been used to make the pulp — and the same 
quantity be poured gently over the mass, repeatedly, as soon as the dropping 
caused by each successive addition ceases, a series of liquids will be obtained 
by the simple displacement of one another in the pulp ; and most of the 
spirit used may be obtained by pouring over the pulp the same quantity of 
water. Hence, one of the many advantages possessed by this method of 
making tinctures, over the ordinary mode by maceration and expression, is 
that no part of the tincture is lost by being left behind in the residuum. 

Even when a strict attention is paid to the prescribed formula, the result- 
ing tinctures may be found to vary in medicinal strength ; for any variation 
in the activity of the drug will influence the tincture. These preparations, 
although retaining their properties better than other vegetable solutions, will 
gradually undergo changes, from age and exposure, either losing their color, 
depositing insoluble matter, or, in some cases, as in that of the tincture of 
kino, becoming less astringent, and gradually gelatinizing, particularly if a 
weak alcohol has been emploj r ed. 

Reper -eolation or fractional percolation is a rather complicated adaptation 
of the process just described, and its object is to avoid evaporation in the 
preparation of fluid extracts. It is based on the fact that the first portion 
of the alcoholic percolate contains a much larger proportion of the medi- 
cinal principles than the later ones, which may be used with advantage for 
dampening and percolating a fresh portion of the powder, in the place of 
alcohol. If sixteen troyounces of material are to be made into an alcoholic 
fluid extract, the fine powder is divided into three equal parts, and the first 
part exhausted by alcohol in the manner described before ; the last portions 
of alcohol may be displaced by water. The percolate is collected in fractions 
of four, two, three, and six fluidounces, the first fraction (four fl. ounces) 
being reserved, the second (two fl. ounces) being used for dampening the 
second part of the powder, and the third and fourth fractions for percolating ; 
about two ounces of alcohol may now be used, and finally water to expel 



654: WINES. — MIXTURES. 

most of the alcoholic liquid. This second percolate is again collected in 
four fractions of five, two, three, and three fluidounces, of which the first 
(five fl. ounces) is reserved, and the others employed for exhausting the re- 
maining third part of the powder, in precisely the same manner as the second 
part was exhausted, this last percolate being collected in two fractions of 
seven and three or four fl. ounces, the latter being set aside to be used as so 
much alcohol at the next making of this fluid extract. The three reserved 
fractions (four, five, and seven fl. ounces) are then mixed, and will now rep- 
resent in each minim one grain of the powder. 

The process appears to be by far too complicated for general use, and since 
the last pharmacopoeia has greatly simplified the processes for the fluid 
extracts, many of the arguments in favor of repercolation do not apply to 
them. 

Wines are tinctures in which the menstruum is wine. Sherry wine is 
ordered to be employed by the United States and British Pharmacopoeias. 
The solvent power of wines on vegetable products depends on the water and 
alcohol they contain ; the other principles found in them are injurious to it 
as an excipient ; the mucilage disposing to fermentation, and the coloring 
matters and tannin often decomposing the active principles of the vegetable 
substances dissolved in it. On this account, these preparations are now 
going out of use, and mixtures of alcohol and water, of the proper strength, 
substituted as solvents. These can always be made of definite strength, 
which can seldom be attained when wine is used. 

Medicated wines are made by maceration or displacement. In whatever 
way they are prepared, they are very liable to undergo a change, and hence 
should be made in small quantities only, and be kept in well-closed bottles, 
and in a cool and dark place. 

Yinegars are solutions of certain parts of vegetables in distilled vinegar 
or diluted acetic acid. Few of these preparations are officinal ; but, in some 
cases, the state of solution in distilled vinegar is the best that can be desired, 
at least as far as energy is concerned. This is particularly the case when 
the activity of the medicinal substance depends on the presence of an alkaloid, 
which, by uniting with the acetic acid, forms a salt that is readily soluble ; 
and, therefore, may be more perfectly extracted than by other menstrua. 

As even distilled vinegar contains vegetable matter, rendering it liable to 
decomposition, it has been found advantageous to substitute acetic acid, 
properly diluted. In consequence of this liability to become decomposed, 
medicated vinegars should be made in small quantities, and be renewed at 
short intervals. In many cases, the acetates of the vegetable alkaloids, 
dissolved in water or diluted alcohol, may be substituted for medicated 
vinegars, producing all their good effects, and attended with but few of their 
disadvantages. 

Mixtures are liquid medicines containing two or more ingredients, generally 
of extemporaneous preparation, though a few are recognized as officinal. 
They are in very constant use in the administration of remedies. The in- 
gredients which usually enter into their composition are salts, and other solid 
bodies which are soluble, or readily miscible with aqueous fluids ; also tine- 
lures, spirits, syrups, deeoctions, etc. 

In making a mixture, the objects to be attained are the perfect solution of 
the soluble ingredients, and an equal diffusion of those which are not so, 
through the excipient, us well as the thorough admixture of all the constitu- 
ents, so that each dost; shall be similarly composed. The combination of 
articles in a mixture is effected either by agitation, or by rubbing the in- 



MIXTURES. 655 

gradients together in a mortar. When volatile substances enter into a mix- 
ture, the}' should be added last. Insoluble powders, which are easily diffused 
through a fluid, may be mixed with the liquid ingredients, b}^ merely shaking 
them together in the bottle. When, however, powders do not mix readily 
with liquids, they must be triturated in a mortar with a small quantity of 
the fluid, gradually adding more, until they are of the consistence of thin 
paste. In the same manner, extracts and electuaries are to be rubbed down 
with a portion of the excipient previous to putting them in the bottle. 

Draughts differ from mixtures only in being designed to be taken at a 
single dose. This is not a common mode of prescribing medicines, but in 
some cases it is advantageous, as when it is wished to apportion the doses of 
a medicine accurately, or when the medicine is liable to undergo a change 
from the action of air. 

Emulsions are mixtures containing substances'of an oleaginous or resinous 
nature suspended iu aqueous fluids by the aid of gum, syrup, yolk of egg, or 
any viscid matter. It is a mechanical compound, and the union of its in- 
gredients is promoted and rendered more or less permanent by the addition 
of an alkali. Emulsions are made b}^ triturating certain oleaginous seeds 
with water, or by mixing the oil procured from them with the necessary in- 
gredients ; and also from gum resins in the same manner. Sometimes they 
are made with oils and an alkali. In making an emulsion of the oils or oleo- 
resins with mucilage, the former should be gradually added to the latter ; by 
addiug the mucilage to the oil, a good emulsion cannot be easily formed. 
Mucilage is preferable to an alkali in making many emulsions, as those with 
castor oil or copaiba ; an alkali is preferable in forming an emulsion of 
almond or olive oil; but an emulsion formed with either of these agents alone 
will often separate, if the other be added. The presence of soluble salts in 
an emulsion is also apt to cause a separation of the oil. Much spirit will 
produce the same effect in emulsions made with mucilage, and an acid in 
those made with an alkali. Some substances cannot be formed into good 
emulsions either with an alkali or with mucilage. This is the case with 
spermaceti and oil of turpentine. In such cases the yolk of an egg is the 
best agent for effecting the admixture, by rubbing down the ingredients in a 
mortar. 

Volatile oils are most readily made into an emulsion by being previously 
mixed with one of the fixed oils. Scammony is formed into an emulsion by 
means of milk; but resin of jalap will not unite with this fluid, and is best 
emulsionized by triturating it with almonds and water. Emulsions should 
be made with cold water, and strained. 

Mr. W. Procter, Jr., gives the following valuable directions for making 
emulsions (Amer. Journ. Pharm., xv. 11) : " In making an emulsion, a good 
deal depends even on so slight a circumstance as the form and material of 
the mortar and pestle. An emulsion may, indeed, be made in a smooth 
porcelain mortar, but the process is unquestionably more successful and easy 
in a Wedgewood one, and still more so in the old-fashioned marble mortar, 
which is generally used to this day by the druggists and apothecaries in 
England. But whatever be the composition of the mortar, it is essential 
that it should be perfectly round at the bottom; not flattish, as is some- 
times the case ; and the pestle should be so formed as in its motion to leave 
no hollows between its base and the concave surface of the mortar. Other- 
wise, the emulsion will most probably be imperfect. The mucilage or other 
viscid substance should always be put into the mortar before anything else : 
the oil (or balsam) may then be very gradualty rubbed in, taking care not 
to add it more quickly than it can be subdued by the pestle ; and if, during 
this part of the manipulation, the mixture should begin to assume a breaking 
or curdling appearance at the edges, a few drops of water must be immedi- 



656 MEDICATED WATEE8. 

ately incorporated with it, before adding the remainder of the oil. For 
want of this precaution, I have often known an emulsion suddenly to lose 
its tenacious consistence in the mortar, and it is then in vain to endeavor to 
restore it. After the oil is thoroughly incorporated, some care is requisite 
to avoid separating it again by too hasty an effusion of the water or other 
fluid of the mixture ; and, if any alcoholic or acid liquid is to be added, it 
must be at the very end of the process. Indeed, an acid liquid, even a 
slightly acescent syrup, will often entirely destroy the emulsion. Mixtures 
of copaiba are frequently spoiled by the addition of sweet spirit of nitre ; 
which might be avoided by first diluting it with one or two portions of 
water." 

Mr. J. W. Forbes has proposed the following new method for preparing 
emulsions of volatile oils (Amer. Journ. Pharm., 1872, 61), illustrating it 
by an emulsion containing in two fluidounces one fluidounce of oil of turpen- 
tine. 

" First. Pour the turpentine into a two-ounce vial, and shaking so as to 
coat the inside of the vial with a film of turpentine ; this is to prevent the 
action of the moisture usually present. 

" Secondly. Add 9j powdered acacia, and mix thoroughly with the oil. 

u Lastty. Half a fluidounce of water is added, and the whole is well 
shaken. A perfect emulsion is the result, requiring less time for its prepa- 
ration than to read the foregoing directions. The bottle may then be filled 
up with mucilage, or, according to my experience, a better product is ob- 
tained with water simply. 

" The deviation from the letter of the law in regard to the gum strength 
of the emulsion needs no apology to the practical pharmacist, as the sole 
object in view is to emulse the oil, and it will be found that ten grains to 
the fluidounce of emulsion will afford a product superior in all respects 
(especially in fluidity) to one containing more gum, and more nearly ap- 
proaching the peculiar characteristics of that most perfect of all emulsions 
— cow's milk. 

" An emulsion of turpentine prepared in this manner and allowed to stand 
some time, shows not the least separation of its oil, but floating on the sur- 
face of the water is a stratum of a true 'cream,' which, like its prototype, 
requires but slight agitation to mix thoroughly with its substratum." 

In precisely the same manner ether and chloroform may be emulsionized ; 
the " cream," in the latter case, being heavier than water, subsides, but is 
diffused in the aqueous liquid with equal facility. 

Medtcated Waters. — This term is used to designate all preparations of 
water impregnated with volatile medicinal substances. It includes the Dis- 
tilled Waters of other pharmacopoeias, and is a more appropriate desig- 
nation, because many of the latter preparations are not distilled waters, but 
are made with an essential oil united to the water by trituration or agitation, 
no distillation being employed. 

By Distillation, — There arc two modes of obtaining medicated waters by 
this process: 1st, by distilling the water directly off the substances; 2d, by 
employing the essential oil already separated from the vegetable, and distil- 
ling it, over with the water. In most cases, where the fresh plant can be 
procured, it is to be preferred. Many of these substances lose their volatile 
oil and fragrant properties by drying; but, in some instances, the oil is re- 
lumed, notwithstanding desiccation. Many which lose the oil by the process 
of drying retain it fully for a, length of time, when preserved by being beaten 
into :i pulp with common salt; and, when kept in this state, afford very 
good distilled waters. 

The material which supplies the volatile oil is, in general, simply mixed 



MEDICATED WATERS. 657 

with the water in a state of fine division ; and this is probably the best 
mode, where heat is used in such a way as to exclude the risk of empyreuma. 
If it does not require to be finely divided, as in the case of fresh leaves and 
flowers, it may be put conveniently into a net-bag, which, suspended in the 
middle of the still, may be withdrawn with facility, when its contents are 
exhausted. Some manufacturers use steam, instead of water, for obtaining 
distilled waters : that is, the material to be distilled is spread over a fine 
gauze partition, or a plate perforated with numerous small holes, and steam 
is driven through the mass. 

When the vegetable substance to be exhausted is a bark, wood, or other 
solid matter, it must be reduced to a state of moderately fine division. But 
this is not generally necessary in the case of leaves or flowers, because boiling 
water breaks down the cells in which the volatile oil is contained. When 
leaves, however, are thick and leathery, as in the instance of the cherry-laurel, 
the process is facilitated by chopping them down ; and, in most cases, where 
leaves are large, it is difficult to get a sufficient quantity into the still without 
cutting them into pieces. In preparing the finer kinds of distilled waters, 
it is necessary to clean the materials carefully, to remove all decayed leaves 
or flowers, or those infested by insects, and sometimes also to separate the 
leaf-stalks, or the green claw of the petals. 

Heat may often be applied directly to the vessel ; but in this way empy- 
reuma is apt to be occasioned, especially in large operations, in consequence 
of the solid matters remaining fixed at the bottom. To avoid this, it is 
usual to apply the heat, in limited operations, through the medium of a so- 
lution of chloride of calcium, which raises a temperature between 212° and 
270°, according to its strength — or by means of an oil-bath, with a thermo- 
meter to regulate the temperature ; and, on the great scale, it is best applied 
by means of steam admitted under pressure into a space surrounding the 
still. Another cause of the empyreumatic taint of some distilled waters is 
the formation of a species of mucilaginous substance, at the expense of the 
volatile oil. This substance, which forms chiefly when the distillation is 
pushed too fast, or too far, and is seen encrusting globules of volatile oil, 
undissolved in the water, is apt to deposit itself on the side of the still, 
above the boiling materials, where it is afterwards decomposed by the heat. 
This fact explains the well-known observation, that the finest distilled waters 
are obtained by gentle distillation, and by abstaining from complete exhaus- 
tion of the materials. A still greater improvement is to prepare them with the 
vacuum-still, in the same way as is now often practised in making extracts. 

The other mode of obtaining medicated waters by distillation is by employ- 
ing the volatile oil, previously separated from the plant, for the vegetable 
itself. This mode of operating affords a product less liable to change than 
the above ; but it is not so aromatic as when obtained from the fresh plant. 

Distilled waters, however carefully they may be kept, are apt, sooner or 
latter, to lose their aroma ; and some of them even become mouldy, and 
acquire thereby an unpleasant odor. They have been thought to keep better 
with the addition of about a fortieth part of rectified spirit ; which may be 
either put into the still with the water, or added afterwards to the distilled 
fluid. But the advantages of this addition, although sanctioned by the 
authority of several pharmacopoeias, are doubted by practical men. It 
is believed that the most effectual precaution for preserving them is to pre- 
pare them with extremely pure, natural waters, such as snow, rain, or very 
fine spring water (Miiller), free, especially, of any unusual proportion of 
carbonic acid ; and to keep them in black, orange, or red bottles, instead of 
bottles of clear glass (Hanle). A better mode of procedure is to re-distil the 
water as soon as any change is perceived in it ; this restores its original 
odor, and renders it less subject to alteration. 
42 



653 



MEDICATED ¥ATEES. 



Although a minute description of the process of distillation cannot be 
given in a work of this kind, yet the mode of conducting it on a small scale 
will be better understood by reference to the accompanying figures from 
Uohr, Redwood, and Procter's Pharmacy. 



Fig. 26. 



Fig. 26 represents a 
pharmaceutical still, 
holding about two 
gallons, made of 
tinned iron, and in- 
tended to fit in the top 
of a cylinder stove. 
A is the boiler : B the 
head, on the inner 
surface of which the 
condensation occurs ; 
O the neck communi- 
cating with the reci- 
pient, a- a is a rim, 
soldered around the 
mouth of the boiler, 
so as to form a water- 
joint ; cc is a circular 
rim, soldered on the 
base of the head, in 
such a manner that 
the upper part forms 
a gutter for conduct- 
ing the condensed 
fluid from the base 
of the condensing 
cone, d d, to the neck, 
C, whilst the lower 
part projects below 
into the double rim 
of the boiler, a a, to 
form the water-joint. 
b is an opening corre- 




Pharmaceutical Still, seen in Section. 



sponding to the tubulure of a retort, which enables the operator to inspect the progress of the 
distillation, and to stir the contents of the still when necessary. This opening is stopped with a 
cork, or a tin cap. e is a funnel-tube into which a current of cold water runs during distillation, 
the warm water running off by the tube on the opposite side. 

In using the apparatus, the water-joint should be two-thirds filled with water, the materials 
introduced, and the head adjusted and filled with water. 



Fig. 27. 



Fig. 28. 




k 




Distillation of Spirits. 

Fig. 27 represents Mohr's still, which is very convenient for limited operations, a, the retort: 
b. the connecting tubei c, the refrigerator, through which passes the condensing tube, represented 
at a, Fig. 28 ; d, the stand for supporting e, the tub of cold water; /, the refuse water. 



DISTILLED, ESSENTIAL, OP. VOLATILE OILS. 659 
Fig. 29. Fig. 30. 




G-as Furnace and Flask for 
Distillation. 



Liebig's Condenser. 



Figs. 29 and 30. A very simple and convenient arrangement is represented in these figures. 

Fig. 29. a, funnel for introducing fresh liquid into the flask during distillation, b, the connect- 
ing tube. 

Fig. 30. Liebig's condenser, consisting of the tube 6, through which a glass tube is seen to pass. 
This connects by one end with the connecting tube of the flask, and from the other the distillate 
drops out. 

By placing a vessel holding water, and provided with a stopcock, on one of the rings e e e. and 
by turning the cock, a continuous stream of water is carried through the tube c to the lower end 
of the condenser b, then upwards, surrounding the glass tube until it escapes by the pipe d. The 
retort-Btand consists of the foot a;, of the rod z, of the G-ay-Lussac holder o, and of the rings e e e. 

One of these three forms of apparatus will be found very convenient in 
conducting the distillatory processes of the shop. 

By Admixture. — Another method of making medicated waters is by im- 
pregnating the water with the volatile oil, by triturating them together with 
the addition of carbonate of magnesium, and filtering to remove the latter. 
This affords an excellent product, as it is permanent. The addition of the 
carbonate of magnesium is merely to enable the operator to produce such a 
minute division of the oil as will enable water to act on it more efficiently. 
A small portion of magnesia is dissolved in the medicated water, but this 
does not interfere with its use, except when it is prescribed as a vehicle for 
poisonous alkaloids, in which case it should be slightly acidulated by the 
addition of a few drops of acetic acid. Other powders divide the volatile 
oil in the same way, and are preferred by some manufacturers. 

Distilled, Essential, or Yolatile Oils.— Volatile oils are contained in 
vegetable cells, generally peculiar, and often so large as to be distinct to the 
naked eye. Sometimes they exist in such abundance that the oil niay be 



G60 DISTILLED, ESSENTIAL, OE VOLATILE OILS 

obtained by mere expression. The oils of lemon, orange, bergamot, and 
citron are prepared in this way by the manufacturer ; and from many other 
substances, such as the unripe germen of rue, and the undeveloped corolla 
of the clove-tree, oils may be squeezed out by pressure with the nail. In 
some rare instances, as in that of the Liquid Borneo-Camphor from the 
Dryobalanops Camphora, and that of the Laurel-oil of Guiana, from a 
species of Ocotea, volatile oil is obtained largely, and of considerable purity, 
by exudation from incisions. Much more frequently, however, it is exuded 
spontaneously, or from incisions, as a turpentine in combination with resin, 
or as a gum-resin in union with both gum and resin. Most frequently of all, 
it cannot be obtained by any of these modes, but adheres with more or less 
force to the flowers, leaves, fruit, bark, or wood, which contain it. In that 
case it is sometimes destroyed or dispersed when the plant is dried, more 
especially if the organ which contains it is the flower ; but often, when con- 
tained in the leaf, and very generally, if contained in the seed, bark, or wood, 
it is retained in part, or altogether, under desiccation, and even under long 
keeping. In some instances it appears that the volatile oil obtained from 
plants does not exist ready formed, but is produced on bruising or distilling 
them with water, through the reaction of other principles on one another. 
Of this mode of production two remarkable examples exist — the volatile oils 
of the bitter almond and black mustard seed — and the oils of cherry-laurel 
leaves, peach leaves, and of the leaves and seeds of other an^gdalaceous 
plants, are similarly circumstanced. 

A few volatile oils used in medicine are obtained by expression, such as 
the oils of orange, lemon, and bergamot, already mentioned. When oils 
exude along with resin in the form of turpentine, they may be separated 
from the resin by heat alone, as they are volatilizable at about the tempera- 
ture of 400°. But thus obtained, they cannot be of fine quality, because 
the heat required is too near that at which resins, as well as the oils them- 
selves, undergo decomposition. In general, therefore, this plan is not fol- 
lowed for pharmaceutic purposes ; and volatile oils are obtained from turpen- 
tines by distilling them with water. For, although they do not enter into 
ebullition at the temperature of boiling water, their vapors pass over in large 
quantity with steam ; and, condensing along with it, form distilled waters — 
with volatile oils either floating on the water, or, more rarely, sinking to the 
bottom. The volatile oils of many vegetable substances are to be separated 
in this way alone, because the other principles contained along with them in 
the crude substances are empyreumatized by the higher temperature which 
is required to disengage the oil without the co-operation of watery vapor. 
In some instances it has been thought advantageous to substitute for water 
in the still a strong solution of common salt, because a somewhat higher 
temperature is required to boil it. There seems an advantage in this change, 
for the rectification of oils previously obtained from the raw materials in 
which they reside ; but the advantage in the case of distillation from crude 
vegetable substances is doubtful. 

The method of distilling volatile oils differs little from that described above 
for preparing distilled waters. The same precautions must be observed in 
applying heat, and for the same reasons. The formation of mucilaginous 
matter at the expense of the oil, towards the close of the distillation, is 
shown by the globules of oil coming over enveloped in a fine pellicle of it. 
The quantity of water must be proportionally less, or rather, the same por- 
tion of water is to be used with successive portions of the material which 
yields the oil; otherwise, a material loss is sustained by solution of the oil 
in the water. In some instances, where the oil exists in low proportion, and 
is of great value, the distilled fluid should be left at rest for some time, and 
exposed to as low a temperature as can be commanded. 



DISTILLED, ESSENTIAL, OR VOLATILE OILS. C61 

The mixed vapors which pass over condense into a milky-looking fluid, 
which, after standing some time in the receiver, separates into two portions, 
one a solution of a part of oil in water, and the other of the oil itself, which 
occupies the upper or lower part, according as it is lighter or heavier than 
the water. 



Fig. 31. 



Fig. 32. 





Figs. 31. and 32. Various forms of Pipettes for separating Liquids, Filling Vials, Etc. 



Fig. 33. Fig. 34. 



Fig. 35. 



Fig. 36. 





a 



Separating-Funnel. Separator. Separator. 

Fig. 33. The ordinary separating funnel, having a 
perforated ground glass stopper. 

Fig. 34 is a vessel for separating ether or other 
volatile liquids from heavier ones. 

Fig. 35 answers very well when the quantity of 
the fluids is very small. By inclining it, the heavier 
liquid escapes by the orifice a. 

Fig. 36 is a separator for either heavy or light oils. 
The former can be drawn off by the orifice of the 
tube 6 ; the latter by the tubule d e. 





Separator for Heavy or Light Oils. 



Chevallier gives the following rules for the distillation of volatile oils: — 

1. To operate upon large quantities, in order to obtain a greater product, 
and of better quality. 

2. To conduct the distillation rapidly. 

3. To divide the substances minutely, in order to facilitate the extrication 
of the oil. 

4. To employ only sufficient water to prevent the plant from burning. 



662 DISTILLED, ESSENTIAL, OR VOLATILE OILS. 

5. For substances whose oil is heavier than water, to saturate the water in 
the still with common salt, to raise the boiling point, and thus to enable the 
vapor to carry over more of the oil. 

6. To employ, when possible, water which had already been distilled from 
off the same substances, and had thus become saturated with oil. 

7. For oils naturally fluid, to cool the liquid in the refrigeratory frequently ; 
but to retain it at 80° to 90° for those oils which easily become solid. 

After the distillation, the oil should be separated from the water ; for this 
purpose, several ingenious instruments have been devised, a few of which are 
represented in figures 31 to 36 inclusive. 

The following table, from Christison's Dispensatory, showing the propor- 
tion of volatile oil obtained from the chief medicinal vegetable substances, 
will be found useful. The data are chiefly extracted or calculated from ex- 
periments by M. Raybaud in the Journal de Pharmacie, xx. — by Dr. Martius 
in Repertorium fur die Pharmacie, xxxix. — by Dr. Bley in the same work, 
xlviii. — by M. Dann and by M. Yoelter in the same work, lv. ; — and a few 
have been added from experiments of Dr. Christison himself. The numbers 
represent the number of ounces obtained from 100 pounds avoirdupois. The 
letters before the figures refer to the authority for each. 

Author. Ounces in 

100 lbs. av. 

Amygdalus communis. — Bitter almond Ra 0. 38 

Amygdalus communis. — Bitter almond Yo 7.70 

Amygdalus communis. — Bitter almond Duflos. 0.8 to 4.80 

Angelica Archangelica — dried root Ra 4.50 

Anthemis nobilis — fresh flowers raised at Grasse Ra 0.75 

Anthemis nobilis — dried flowers raised at Grasse Ra 1.38 

Anthemis nobilis — dried flowers, long kept, Germany Bl 4.50 

Anthemis nobilis — flowers freshly dried Steer 5.33 

Anthemis nobilis — flowers 12 months dried Steer 3.00 

Apium graveolens — dried fruit Ra 9.00 

Apium petroselinum — fresh herb, after flowering Ra 3.38 

Apium petroselinum — dry fruit, France Ra 12.0 

Apium petroselinum — dry fruit, Germany Da 30.0 

Artemisia absinthium — fresh herb, Paris Ra 2.0 

Artemisia absinthium — dried herb, recent, Germany Ma 16.0 

Artemisia absinthium — dried herb, a year old, Germany Bl 8. 75 

Artemisia absinthium — dried herb, 3 years old, Germany Ma 5.0 

Artemisia cina. — Wormseed of commerce Ra 3.0 

Artemisia cina. — Levant wormseed Vo 10.8 

Calamus aromaticus — fresh root, Germany Ma 16.0 

Calamus aromaticus — recently dried, Germany Bl 17.5 

Calamus aromaticus — long dried, Germany Da 14.3 

Carum carui — dried fruit of French commerce Ra 50.12 

Carum carui — dried fruit of German commerce Ma 66.5 

Carum carui — dried fruit of German commerce Da 46.6 

Carum carui — dried fruit of German commerce Vo 70.0 

Caryophyllu3 aromaticus. — Cloves, Bourbon Ra 144.0 

Caryophyllus aromaticus. — Cloves, Cayenne Ra 152.0 

Caryophyllus aromaticus. — Cloves, Cayenne Bl 125.0 

Caryophyllus aromaticus. — Cloves, Molucca : French commerce . Ra 148.0 

Caryophyllus aromaticus. — Cloves, Molucca: English, commerce. Ra 112.5 

Caryophyllus aromaticus. — Cloves, average, German commerce . Vo 226.0 

Caryophyllus aromaticus. — Cloves, finest, German commerce Da 250.0 

Caryophyllus aromaticus. — Cloves, German commerce Steer 272.0 

Cinnamomum zeylanicum — cinnamon of commerce Ra 1.56 

Cinnamomum cassia — cassia bark of commerce Ra 12.0 

Citrus aurantium — sweet orange flowers, 1 May, Nice Ra 5.0 

Citrus vulgaris — bitter orange flowers, 7 Hay, Nice Ra 5.9 

Citrus vulgaris — bitter orange flowers, 12 May, Carmet Ra 4.12 

Citrus vulgaris — bitter orange flowers, 16 July, Paris Ra 0.9 

Citrus vulgaris — bitter orange flowers, 14 Dec, Paris Ra 6.5 

Citrus aurantium — rind of 100 oranges, by expression Ra 2.5 



DISTILLED, ESSENTIAL, OE VOLATILE OILS. G63 



Author. 

Citrus aurantium — rind of 100 oranges, by distillation Ra. 

Citrus vulgaris — rind of 100 oranges, by expression Ea. 

Citrus vulgaris — rind of 100 oranges, by distillation Ea. 

Citrus limetta — rind of 100 limes, by distillation Ea. 

Citrus bergamium — rind of 100 bergamots, by distillation Ea. 

Citrus limonum — rind of 100 lemons, by expression Ea. 

Citrus limonum — rind of 100 lemons, by distillation Ea. 

Cochlearia armoracia — fresh seeds. .■ Ea. 

Coriandrum sativum — dry fruit of French commerce Ea. 

Coriandrum sativum — dry fruit of German commerce Da. 

Croton Eleutheria — cascarilla bark Bl. 

Cuminum cyminum — dry fruit of French commerce Ea. 

Cuminum cyminum — dry fruit of German commerce Bl. 

Daucus carota — dry fruit Ea. 

Daucus carota — fresh root Ea. 

Dracocepbalum moldavicum — flowering herb Ea. 

Driinys Winteri — Winter's bark (probably, Cinnamodendron 

corticosum) Ea. 

Eugenia pimenta — pimenta berries, Jamaica Ea. 

Fceniculum officinale — dry fruit of French commerce Ea. 

Fo3niculum officinale — dry fruit of German commerce Ma. 

Fceniculum officinale — dry fruit of German commerce Bl. 

Fceniculum officinale — dry fruit of German commerce Da. 

Fceniculum officinale — flowering herb, Grasse Ea. 

Fceniculum officinale — herb after flowering, Grasse Ea. 

Galipea officinalis — Cusparia-bark of commerce • Ea. 

Genista canariensis — Ehodium wood Ea. 

Geum urbanum — dry roots Ra. 

Hyssopus officinalis — flowering herb, Grasse Ea. 

Illicium anisatum — star-anise fruit . Ea. 

Illicium anisatum — star-anise fruit Da. 

Juniperus communis — green berries, 15 Sept Ea. 

Juniperus communis — ripe berries, 1 Dec, France Ea. 

Juniperus communis — ripe berries, fresh, Germany Do. 

Juniperus communis — ripe berries, a year old, Germany Ma. 

Juniperus communis — ripe berries, a year old, Germany Bl. 

Juniperus sabina — fresh twigs, 5 March, Grasse Ea. 

Juniperus sabina — fresh twigs, 2 Oct.% Paris Ea. 

Juniperus sabina — dried twigs, recent, Germany Ma. 

Juniperus sabina — dried twigs, a year old, Germany Ma. 

Larix cedrus — fresh cedar wood, Paris Ea. 

Larix cedrus — cedar wood of commerce Ea. 

Laurus nobilis — fresh leaves, 26 Jan. , Paris Ea. 

Laurus nobilis — leaves some years dried, Germany Bl. 

Laurus nobilis, ( fresh leaves, ^ poor soil, low site Chr. 

Laurus nobilis, < early in Oct. > poor soil, high site Chr. 

Laurus nobilis, ( near Edirib. ) -very fine soil, low site Chr. 

Lavandula vera — flowering herb, 2 Aug., Grasse Ea. 

Lavandula vera — flowering herb, 2 Aug., Grasse, north exposure. Ea. 

Lavandula vera — flowering herb, 26 July, Soureittas Ea. 

Lavandula vera — herb after flowering, 26 Sept., Soureittas Ea. 

Lavandula spica — fresh herb, 24 July, Paris Ea. 

Lavandula spica — fresh herb, 4 Aug., Grasse Ea. 

Lavandula stcechas — dry spikes Ea. 

Ligusticum levisticum — fresh herb, Paris Ea. 

Melissa officinalis — fresh flowering herb Ra. 

Mentha piperita — fresh tops in flower, Grasse Ra. 

Mentha piperita — fresh tops in flower, Paris Ra. 

Mentha piperita — dried tops in flower, Germany Bl. 

Mentha piperita — dried tops in flower, Germany Ma. 

Mentha pulegium — fresh flowering herb Ra. 

Myristica moschata — mace of commerce, finest Yo. 

Myristica moschata — inace of commerce, fine Bl. 

Myristica moschata — mace of commerce, worm-eaten Bl. 

Myristica moschata — nutmegs of commerce, fine Bl. 



Ounces in 
100 lbs. av. 

2.75 

4.0 
4.25 
2.12 
2.9 
1.9 
1.4 
0.9 
2.3 
9.0 
5.62 
44.0 
32.5 
0.66 
0.14 
2.10 

0.50 

12.38 
33.0 
56.6 
83.0 
60.4 
4.9 
6.0 
1.5 
0.47 
0.53 
5.30 
34.21 
25.5 
3.9 
7.75 
15.5 
10.8 
16.25 
19.05 
14.25 
40.0 
25.0 
0.3 
4.25 
5.25 
4.10 
7.33 
6.9 
17.12 
11.5 
9.12 
9.0 
15.0 
7.62 
12.5 
6.43 
1.1-2 
0.25 
6.25 
3.40 
15.62 
21.0 
1.0 
154.0 
125.0 
65.6 
108.25 



664 DISTILLED, ESSENTIAL, OE VOLATILE OILS 



Myristica moschata — nutmegs of commerce, worm-eaten 

Myrtus communis — fresh leaves, September 20, Grasse 

Myrtus communis — fresh leaves, September 6, Paris 

Origanum majorana — fresh flowering herb, August 3, Orasse. . . 
Origanum majorana — fresh flowering herb, August 3, Paris. . . . 
Origanum vulgare — fresh flowering herb, September 15, Paris. . 

Pimpinella anisum — dry fruit of French commerce 

Pimpiuella anisum — dry fruit, new, German commerce 

Pimpinella anisum — dry fruit, old, German commerce 

Pimpinella anisum — dry fruit of German commerce 

Pimpinella anisum — dry fruit of German commerce 

Piper cubeba — cubebs of French commerce 

Piper nigrum — white pepper of French commerce 

Piper nigrum — black pepper of French commerce 

Prunus lauro-cerasus — fresh leaves, November 23, Paris. 



Prunus lauro-cerasus 
Prunus lauro-cerasus 



Prunus lauro-cerasus 

Prunus lauro-cerasus, 

Prunus lauro-cerasus 
Prunus lauro-cerasus 



•1 



fresh leaves 
from the same 
plants : near 
Edinburgh. 



ia mo: 



mos. on the tree, 
mos. on the tree. 



undeveloped, June 7 . . 
half-grown, June 7. . . . 
full-grown, 8 weeks on 

tree, July 15 

12 mos. on tree, June 2. 

fresh leaves of the 

same plant, 1 Sept 

1836, Edin. 
Renealmia cardamomum — lesser cardamoms 

Rosa centifolia — fresh flowers, Grasse 

Rosmarinus officinalis — fresh flowering herb, Grasse 

Rosmarinus officinalis — fresh flowering herb, Paris. 

Ruta graveolens — fresh flowering herb, 20 July, Grasse 

Ruta graveolens — fresh flowering herb, 28 July, Paris 

Ruta graveolens — flowering herbs, newly dried, Germany . . . 

Ruta graveolens — dried seeds, South of France 

Salvia officinalis, v. minor — fresh herb, 12 Mar., Grasse 

Salvia officinalis, v. minor — fresh herb, 14 June, Paris 

Salvia officinalis, v. major — fresh herb, 12 Mar., Grasse 

Salvia officinalis, v. major — fresh herb, 14 June, Parish 

Santalum album — sandal-wood of commerce 

Sinapis nigra — black mustard-seed, Germany, 12 months old 

Sinapis nigra — black mustard-seed, Germany, fresh 

Sinapis nigra — black mustard-seed, France, fresh 

Sinapis nigra — black mustard-seed, France 

Tanacetum vulgare — fresh flowering herb, 9 July, Grasse. . . 
Tanacetum vulgare — fresh flowering herb, 25 July, Paris. . . 

Tanacetum vulgare — fresh tops, Germany 

Tanacetum vulgare — dried flowering herb, Germany 



Thuya occidentals, 
Thuya occidentalis, 
Thuya occidentalis, 



fresh 

twigs 
near 
Edin. 



aged, stunted tree; exposed. Oct. 21 

aged, vigorous : sheltered. Oct. 21 

young, vigorous; exposed. Oct. 9. 

younsf, vigorous : exposed ; fine 
Thuya occidentalis, 1 Edin. I J S() jf g cp f 2 6 

Thymus serpyllum — fresh flowering herb, 6 Aug. Grasse 

Thymus serpyllum — fresh flowering herb, 5 July, Paris 

Thymus vulgaris — fresh llowering herb, 1G August, Grasse 

Thymus vulgaris — fresh flowering herb, 13 July, Paris 

Yale liana officinalis — dry root, a year old, Germany 

Valeriana officinalis — the root, Germany 

Valeriana officinalis— the root, Germany 

Verbena odorata — fresh llowering herb, Paris 

Zingiber officinale — dry root of commerce 



LUthor. 


Ounces in 




100 lbs. av. 


Bl. 


.. 64.1 


Ra. 


4.5 


Ra. 


2.5 


Ra. 


8.5 


Ra. 


4.4 


Ra. 


.. 0.4 


Ra. 


.. 35.13 


Ma. .. 


.. 37.5 


Ma. .. 


.. 27.0 


Vo. .. 


.. 25.0 


Da. .. 


.. 43.75 


Ra. 


.. 19.5 


Ra. 


.. 16.0 


Ra. 


.. 18.12 


Ra. 


2.13 


Chr. . . 


.. 10.13 


Chr. . . 


7.20 


Chr. . . 


4.96 


Chr. . . 


1.04 


Chr. . . 


7.04 


Chr. . . 


2.24 


Ra. 


.. 11.42 


Ra. .. 


0.25 


Ra. 


5.0 


Ra. 


3.5 


Ra. 


4.13 


Ra. 


0.63 


Bl. 


4.4 


Ra. 


.. 19.0 


Ra. 


6.0 


Ra. 


2.5 


Ra. 


.. 4.0 


Ra. 


3.05 


Ra. 


5.0 


Da. .. 


3.9 


Da. . . 


5.0 


Da. 


7.75 


Vo. .. 


9.1 


Ra. 


1.2 


Ra. 


5.8 


Da. 


5.0 


Bl. 


.. 15.6 


Chr. . . 


.. 10.8 


Chr. . . 


.. 10.25 


Chr. . . 


.. 18.25 


Chr. . . 


. . 26.40 


Ra. 


5.0 


Ra. 


0.9 


Ra. 


6.5 


Ra. 


3.75 


Bl. 


.. 30.16 


Da. .. 


.. 15.0 


Vo. .. 


.. 10.5 


Ra. 


3.1 


Ra. 


.. 10.8 



Volatile oils should be preserved in dark bottles, carefully closed and 
nearly full. When kept for any time, the}' are apt to undergo certain changes, 
becoming dark-colored, losing their agreeable odor, an'd growing thick and 
clammy. It is then necessary to re-distil them with a certain quantity of 
water, by which the undecomposed portion is again obtained in a pure state. 



FIXED OILS AND FATS. — ALKALOIDS* 065 

Another mode is to agitate with recent^ heated animal charcoal ; this restores 
their clearness, and in a great measure their fragrance. On mixing colored 
volatile oils with some fixed oil and rectifying them by distillation with 
water, nearly all may be obtained colorless. 

Fixed Oils and Fats. — Fixed oils are obtained from the fruit or seeds 
of vegetables, b}^ expression ; by boiling the bruised seeds in water, and 
removing the oil that rises to the surface ; and by dissolving out the oil by 
means of a menstruum. 

By Expression. — This is accomplished in several ways : B3' means of the 
wedge press, or by a screw or hydraulic press, the former being the more 
generally employed. In almost all cases, it becomes requisite to heat the 
seeds gently, to render the oil more liquid ; but care must be taken that the 
heat is not too great ; otherwise, the oil will become of a dark color, and 
acquire an unpleasant taste. It is by this method that linseed and castor 
oils are obtained. The oil, as it comes from the press, is seldom pure or fit 
for use; it is freed from these impurities by boiling with water, and separating 
the pure oil. These oils are often colored, owing, in most cases, to heating 
the seeds too much ; this is peculiarly the case with linseed oil, which is sel- 
dom seen of a light color. 

By Decoction. — This is effected by boiling the bruised seeds in water, and 
skimming off the oil as it rises to the surface. This plan is also emphyved in 
making cod-liver oil, as well as in the manufacture of castor oil in the West 
Indies. 

By Solution. — This affords a very pure oil, but is seldom emploj-ed on 
account of expense. It is, however, useful in facilitating the extraction 
of some of the thick and viscid oils. Thus, croton oil is more readily ob- 
tained by mixing the ground seeds with half their weight of alcohol, and, 
after letting the mixture stand for some time, submitting it to pressure, 
and distilling off the spirit from the product. Bisulphide of carbon, and 
petroleum benzin have, of 'late, been much employed for the extraction of 
fixed oils. 

Solution in ether is also useful in some cases, when expense is not an 
object, oil of ergot is best obtained in this manner. 

The solid oils, as oil of cacao, etc., require the aid of heat in their expres- 
sion, and the ground material containing them is therefore placed between 
heated plates in the press. 

Animal Fats. — Formerly, the fats of many animals were employed in 
pharmacy ; but, at present, those principally used are lard, suet, and beef's 
marrow. To render these fit for pharmaceutic purposes, the crude material 
is to be cut into small pieces, freed as much as possible from all extraneous 
substances, and placed in a boiler with water, and heated until it is fused, 
when the fluid fat is strained, slowly cooled, and carefully separated from 
the water. These fats are best preserved by being run into glazed jars, and 
kept from the action of the air. 

Alkaloids. — The vegetable alkaloids may be obtained by a variety of 
processes, but these invariably comprehend decomposition of the alkaloidal 
salt in the crude drug, either by the superior affinity of an alkali, earth, or 
alkaline carbonate, or by double decomposition with some compound salt 
whose base forms an insoluble salt with the acid in the drug. Active neutral 
principles, and a few alkaloids — such as narcotina from opium, piperina from 
white pepper, picrotoxin from cocculus indicus, and elaterin from elaterium 
— may be obtained through the agency of such simple solvents as water, 
rectified spirit, and sulphuric ether, used singly or successively. 

The solutions from which vegetable alkaloids are prepared are, in general, 



G(j(j SPIRITS.-— T KOCH ES. 

obtained best by the method of percolation. Some experience is required to 
apply this process in all cases with success. But, when well performed, it is 
greatly superior, in general, to any other mode of extracting the active mat- 
ters of vegetable drugs, in cases in which the liquid used is spirituous or 
ethereal ; and it is often not less advantageous in the instance of water, as 
well as acidulous fluids. The precautions for applying it successfully have 
been considered under the head of tinctures. 

Spirits are alcoholic solutions of volatile principles obtained by distilla- 
tion. 

When spirit is distilled with aromatic vegetables which contain volatile 
oil, the oil, for the most part, rises with the spirituous vapor, and condenses 
along with it in a state of solution. In some cases, the volatile oil rises with 
the vapor of strong spirit, so that alcohol may be employed for the purpose ; 
and this is occasionally necessary for keeping the oil of the distilled spirit in 
solution. In other instances, the oil does not begin to pass over until watery 
vapor also passes in considerable proportion with the spirituous vapor ; so 
that diluted alcohol is required for the process. 

For most medicinal purposes, but especially the present, the menstruum 
should be made by diluting alcohol with water. 

The best apparatus for preparing distilled spirits is that represented at 
page 658, fig. 27. It has been proposed to prepare them by distillation in a 
vacuum-still ; but many volatile oils will not rise with spirit-vapor at the low 
temperature at which spirit boils in a vacuum. 

These preparations, like distilled waters, may be obtained either from 
crude vegetable substances, or from their volatile oils. They are seldom, 
however, of such fine aroma when prepared in the latter as in the former 
way, unless care be taken to employ those volatile oils only which have been 
recently as well as carefully distilled. 

Essences differ from spirits in being volatile substances dissolved in alco- 
hol ; but this name is generally applied to strong alcoholic solutions of the 
volatile oils. Many of the officinal spirits are now made simply by dissolving 
the volatile oil in alcohol. 

Troches, or Lozenges, are small, dry, solid masses, consisting of powders 
incorporated with sugar and mucilage. Some writers include under this 
name d?*ops and pastes, making the following distinction between them : — 

Lozenges, when the principal basis is sugar, and when the ingredients are 
combined without the aid of heat. 

Drops, when the principal basis is sugar, but when the ingredients are 
combined with the aid of heat. 

Pastes, when the principal basis is a vegetable juice or pulp, and when the 
mixture is of a soft consistence. 

Lozenges are much more employed in Europe than in this country as a 
mode of administering medicines. In making them, the sugar is employed 
in a powdered state ; the more active ingredients added in powder, or in a 
liquid state; and the wiiole mixed into a paste by the addition of mucilage. 
The mucilage generally used is that of tragacanth, as being more tenacious 
than that of gum Arabic. After the ingredients are properly incorporated, 
the paste is rolled out into a uniform sheet on a marble slab, previously 
sprinkled with some powdered starch to prevent adhesion, and cut into small 
cakes by means of a punch. These cakes are then to be placed on sieves, 
and kept in :i drying-room until they have become perfect^ dry and hard, 
when they arc to be sifted, and kept in well-closed bottles. 

Drops are formed from coarsely-powdered sugar, to which the flavoring or 
medicinal ingredients are added in a liquid state, so as to moisten the sugar. 



INHALATIONS. — COLD BATH. 667 

The mixture is then melted in a proper vessel, over a clear fire, after which 
the melted mass should be allowed to drop in small portions on a marble 
slab or greased metallic plate, and when cold, be removed, and kept like 
lozenges. 

Pastes are usually formed of inspissated vegetable juices, or deeoctious, 
with the addition of sugar, gum, etc. These are to be brought to a proper 
consistence, and the mixture poured into flat, shallow moulds, or rolled out, 
as in the case of lozenges, and divided into pieces of the desired size. 

Inhalations. — These have, at different times, been much in vogue as a 
means of combating disease, especially complaints of the respiratory organs. 
Within the last few years, much interest has been excited relative to this 
mode of administering medicinal agents, from the remarkable anaesthetic effects 
caused by the inhalation of the vapor of ether and chloroform. The simplest 
form of using either of these is by pouring the requisite quantity on a hollow 
sponge, and applying this over the mouth of the patient. Various forms of 
inhaling apparatus have been invented, which will be found described in 
Mohr and Redwood's Pharmacy, 535-9, with directions for their use. 

EXTERNAL REMEDIES. 

Baths. — By the term bath is meant the complete or partial immersion of 
the body in a fluid or gaseous medium, differing, in some circumstances, 
from that to which it has been accustomed. In order to obtain the full 
efficacy of a bath, without injurious consequences, its temperature should be 
regulated, and particularly prescribed by the plrysician ordering it. The 
following temperatures are those given by Dr. Forbes in the Cyclopaedia of 
Practical 3Iedicine: — 

Cold Bath between 33° and 60° F. 

Cool Bath " 64° and 75° F. 

Temperate Bath " 75° and 85° F. 

Tepid Bath k ' 85° and 92° F. 

Warm Bath " 92° and 98° F. 

Hot Bath " 98° and 112° F. 

The effects of these different baths on the system are very dissimilar, 
according to their temperature, and the time during which the patient is 
subjected to their influence. 

Cold Bath. — When a person plunges into a cold bath, he is first sensible 
of a sudden sensation of cold upon the surface, accompanied b}' an oppres- 
sion of breathing, causing this function to be performed in convulsive gasps. 
This is called the shock, and is caused by a rapid contraction of the cutaneous 
capillaries, and a retrocession of the blood to the lungs and other internal 
organs. In a short time, the difficulty of breathing disappears, the tempera- 
ture becomes agreeable, and if the person now leaves the water, a warmth of 
the surface comes on, termed the glow, succeeded by a sense of invigoration 
of the whole system. Should the person remain in the water for too long a 
time, another train of symptoms manifest themselves ; the sensation of cold 
soon attains to an unpleasant degree of chilliness, followed by rigors ; a 
bluish tint is perceptible on the surface of the body ; the blood accumulates 
in the internal organs ; and, on leaving the water, there is no reaction, or a 
very feeble one, the surface remaining cold, the extremities benumbed ; and 
headache, difficult respiration, often pain in the chest, ensue, with a sense of 
depression and lassitude. The use of proper means will often remove these 
sj^mptoms ; but they may lead to a variety of diseases of the internal organs. 



668 COOL BATH. — WARM BATH. 

The objects in prescribing a cold bath are the production of a sudden and 
powerful impression on the nervous system, and the tonic influence it exer- 
cises when followed b}~ due reaction. In the first of these, it has been found 
useful in certain affections where there is a derangement of the functions of 
sensation, of motion or sensation unattended with a congestive or inflamma- 
tory condition of the internal organs ; but it is more frequently ordered to 
fulfil the second indication. 

It is always contra-indicated when, from debility, the system does not 
react so as to produce a glow ; when there is a tendency to congestion of the 
cerebral vessels, or any serious organic affection of the heart, lungs, or 
kidneys. In all cases, it is advantageous, before taking the cold bath, to 
take such exercise as will raise the circulation, without occasioning fatigue 
or perspiration, for reaction is almost certain to follow the immersion, except 
when the person has remained in the water too long a time. The period of 
immersion should not exceed five minutes. 

Cool Bath. — The action and uses of this are similar to the last, but are 
less powerful. It is, therefore, better calculated for those who are much 
debilitated. 

Temperate Bath. — As the temperate bath is of a temperature closely 
approaching that of the body, the shock and subsequent reaction are almost 
wanting. It is, therefore, much more employed for purposes of comfort and 
cleanliness than as a remedial agent. In delicate persons, it should always 
be used instead of the cold or cool bath, and is always better suited to very 
young children than lower temperatures. 

Tepid Bath. — This is intermediate in operation between the temperate and 
the warm bath, and varies in effects and uses according to the temperature. 
In perfect health, it should not be used as an habitual indulgence ; but, for 
the purposes of cleanliness, an occasional recurrence to it allows of a more 
perfect ablution than can be effected by cooler baths. It is better to use it 
about noon, when the first process of digestion of the morning meal is over, 
and immediately afterwards to take brisk exercise in the open air. In cases 
of fatigue and febrile irritation, from over-exertion or a long journey, the 
tepid bath is generally found very beneficial. It is also serviceable to per- 
sons of sedentary habits, etc. In all such cases, however, it is not to be 
employed immediately after a meal, or when the individual is unduly excited, 
either mentally or corporeally. In one class of complaints, those dependent 
on gastric irritation, the tepid or even the warm bath proves of much service. 

Warm Bath. — The first effect of a warm bath is to produce a sensation 
of heat upon the surface, and to increase the pulse in quickness and fulness, 
though in most cases to diminish its tenseness. The cutaneous circulation 
more especially becomes affected, and the body is increased in bulk, as shown 
by the increased pressure of ligatures, or of rings upon the fingers. The 
secondary effects, when the immersion is continued for some time, are 
muscular relaxation, sometimes to a considerable degree ; even after leaving 
the hath, a disposition to lassitude continues for some time, with a tendency 
to perspiration. 

The remedial effects of a warm bath depend on its temperature, the time 
a patient remains in it, and the subsequent treatment. The medium time for 
remaining in the; bath is from twenty to twenty-five minutes; but this must 
be regulated by the effect produced. It is beneficial in incipient catarrh, in 
some congestions of the internal organs, chronic rheumatism, and in spas- 



HOT BATH. SHOWER BATH. 669 

modic affections, especially those of children ; but is contra-indicated in acth r e 
fever, or when there is congestion, or a determination of blood to the head. 

In the convulsions of children, its effects are remarkably beneficial, as it 
not only relaxes spasm, and relieves for the moment, but soothes nervous 
irritation. In cases where the convulsions are severe, it will be found ad- 
vantageous to apply cold water to the head. When a warm bath is admin- 
istered to a child, care must be taken not to expose it to the cold air for the 
purpose of drying its body ; the best plan is to envelop it in a warm blanket, 
and to place it in bed at once. By this plan, it is not liable to take cold, 
which is a common objection to the use of the warm bath for children. 

Hot Bath. — From its temperature being above that of the body, the hot 
bath is far more stimulating than the preceding, as evinced by the excite- 
ment of the pulse, the sensations of fulness in the head and throbbing of 
the cerebral vessels. Its use is principally confined to cases where it is 
wished to arouse nervous energy and vital action, as in Asiatic cholera, etc. ; 
or where there is a sudden retrocession of cutaneous diseases. It has also 
proved useful in certain forms of rheumatism and paralysis. As the inten- 
tion is mainly to induce excitement, the patient is not to be exposed to its 
action Ions: enough to cause exhaustion. 

Whatever description of bath is ordered to be used, the original tempera- 
ture is to be maintained during the whole time the patient remains in the 
water. At the end of some minutes, therefore, the heat should be tested by 
a thermometer, and, if requisite, hot water added. The sensations of the 
bather are alwaj^s a fallacious criterion. 

Shower Bath. — This is a modification of the cold affusion, being attended 
with the same effects, but in a less degree. The short duration of it renders 
it less refrigerant than the cold bath, and causes the primary shock to be 
the most important part of the influence it exercises, which may be modified 
by increasing or diminishing the temperature of the water, or that of the 
height from which the fluid falls. It is used either cold or tepid. The 
former is most advantageous when the powers of the system are sufficient 
to cause a reaction, that results in a glow on the surface, soon after using 
the bath ; but, where this is not the case, as in debilitated individuals, the 
temperature is to be increased. It is adapted to those cases where a power- 
ful impression is wished to be made upon the nervous system, as in chorea, 
hysteria, etc., and is also of much benefit to persons subject to determina- 

' tion to the head. In such cases, it is found advantageous to make the 
patient stand in hot water at the time of taking the bath. The reaction fol- 
lowing its use is much promoted by using friction to the surface. The 
improved and portable shower baths, now to be procured, obviate many of 
the objections to its use which formerly existed. For children, the best and 
most convenient apparatus that can be emploj-ed is one described b}^ Dr. A. 

1 T. Thomson. {Domestic Management of the Sick Room.) 

"It consists of a hollow vessel made of tin, with a perforated bottom. 
The body of the vessel is of a bell-shape, with a hollow tube rising from the 
top, and terminating in a broad perforated rim. When the bath is to be 

y used, it must be sunk in a bucket of water, until it is completely submerged ; 
the air is thus driven out of the bath, through the tube, and the bath filled 
with water. The thumb of an attendant is then to be placed on the opening 
in the centre of the rim, and the bath raised from the bucket of water. The 
pressure of air upon the holes in the bottom retains the water in the bath ; 
and, on raising the thumb from the upper orifice, the whole is rapidly dis- 
charged. In using it, the child must be placed in an empty tub, and the 
bath, being held over his head, is then to be discharged ; and the child imme^ 

I 



670 LOCAL BATHS.— DOUCHES. 

diately afterwards dried, with friction. When salt water is used for this 
bath, the hair should be kept dry by means of an oil-skin cap." 

Local Baths. — These are most frequently used warm. The most common 
are the hip-bath and foot-bath. They are principally employed as revulsives. 
The first has been found a valuable remedy in diseases of the womb, and in 
irritations of the pelvic organs. Where it is employed merely to soothe 
pain, the temperature should not exceed 80° to 90°, and the patient is to 
remain in it for some time ; but when it is intended to excite the uterus to 
greater action, it should be as hot as can be borne by the patient, though 
the continuance in it should not exceed ten to fifteen minutes. The hot 
foot-bath should be of as high a temperature as can be borne, so as to redden 
the skin of the immersed parts effectually. The vessel used should be suffi- 
ciently deep to allow the legs to be immersed nearly to the knees. It is a 
valuable remedy in the early stages of catarrh, and local congestions of the 
head, chest, or abdomen ; and in the dyspnoea accompanying trypertrophy of 
the heart, it has often proved very beneficial. It may be rendered more 
stimulating by the addition of common salt, carbonate of potassium, or flour 
of mustard. In torpid states of the liver, a mixture of nitric and muriatic 
acids, in the proportion of about an ounce of each to every gallon of water, 
often proves highly useful. 

Vapor Bath. — This consists in either wholly enveloping the patient in 
the steam of hot water, or merely his body, or some of its parts. A much 
more elevated temperature can thus be borne than where the body is im- 
mersed in water, and its action is more confined to the skin ; hence, although 
less stimulating, it is more diaphoretic than the hot bath. Where the vapor 
is inhaled, the heated surface being extended, it is more powerful in its 
effects. It has proved of great benefit where an active revulsion to the 
surface is indicated, and also in the treatment of cutaneous diseases. It 
can be applied with little trouble. All that is required is that the patient 
be seated on a chair with a vessel of hot water placed beside him, and the 
whole enveloped with a blanket, to be thrown over his head if the vapor is 
to be breathed, or pinned around his neck where this is not the case. The 
steam soon surrounds his body, and causes a copious perspiration ; and, 
should it cease too soon to be evolved, its generation may be restored by 
dropping a heated brick or stone into the water. Where the vapor is not 
respired, it may be used of a higher temperature. 

The Warm Air Bath is more stimulating than the vapor bath, producing 
— especially where the warm air is also breathed — general uneasiness, heat 
of skin, excitement of the pulse, until a general perspiration ensues. It is 
readily administered even to persons in bed. The bedclothes should be ele- 
vated by a light frame, and the heated air be admitted by means of a tube. 
It has been found beneficial in chronic rheumatism, and was at one time 
much praised in the collapsed stage of cholera. 

DoucnES consist in the forcible application of a stream of hot or cold 
water to a part of the body, in such a manner that the force of the stream 
of the fluid shall aid the stimulant effect. The hot douche may be formed 
by pouring from a height hot water from a tea-kettle, or through a tube 
about an inch and a half in diameter, so as to cause the fluid to strike 
forcibly upon the affected part of the body, whilst at the same time per- 
cussion is employed ; or, in other words, the part is beaten by means of a 
Caoutchouc bottle, Stuffed with wool, and affixed to a cane handle. 

A temperature of 1G0° is readily borne in douching. When the disease 



MEDICATED BATHS. — AFFUSIOX. 671 

is chronic rheumatism, or when deep-seated pains are to be removed, the 
douching should be continued for either half or three-quarters of an hour 
at a time; and the patient should be afterwards placed in bed between 
blankets, in order to encourage sweating. The most decisive advantage, in 
enlarged, stiff, and painful joints, results from this mode of douching. 

In cases of complicated fevers, and in some other diseases, in which in- 
flammation of the brain occurs, the cold douche is frequently ordered. The 
mode of applying it consists in pouring a stream of cold water on the 
shaved head. The patient should be raised in bed, and the head held over 
a basin, or other vessel, whilst a stream of cold water is directed on the 
crown, and the fall of the water gradually increased. After this, the head 
should be merely dried, but not rubbed. It not only soothes the patient, 
but often induces sleep, although it usually causes a most uncomfortable 
feeling at first; but relief is so quickly experienced, that its repetition is 
generally requested hy the invalid. 

A vapor douche is very stimulating, and when of a high temperature, 
and continued for any time, will cause vesication. It may be used as a 
counter-irritant instead of moxa. 

Medicated Baths are such as contain medicinal agents in solution in the 
water, and are used both topically and generally. Saline, acid, and alkaline 
substances, with iodine and sulphur, are the materials most commonly em- 
ployed. Medicated baths are sometimes natural, as those of sea water and 
certain mineral springs ; others consist of solutions of various articles, 
artificially prepared. Of the medicated baths, sea water is the most gene- 
rally used, more, however, for pleasure than for remedial purposes. It is not 
only stimulating, on account of its saline constituents, and its use followed 
by a perfect glow, but these constituents also exert a medicinal action on the 
system in certain diseases of debility. The nitro-muriatic acid bath has been 
found useful in diseases of the liver ; and alkaline, ioduretted, and alkaline 
sulphuretted baths are advantageously employed in many forms of cutaneous 
disease. 

Medicated vapor baths are prepared by impregnating aqueous vapor with 
the volatile principles of medicinal plants, though it is very doubtful whether 
they produce any effects that cannot be obtained from the simple vapor bath. 
But the fumes of sulphur, chlorine, camphor, mercmy, etc., in combination 
with aqueous vapor have been found to exert powerful effects on the system, 
and to be very effectual in the cure of certain diseases. 

Affusion. — This consists in pouring or dashing a quantity of water on 
' the body, or a portion of the bod}-, from an inconsiderable height, most 
generally for the purpose of reducing its temperature ; but it is also em- 
ployed as a revulsive agent, and to give an impulse to the nervous sj-stem. 
Affusions are made with cold or tepid water. Cold affusion is one of the 
! most powerful general means of abstracting caloric from the body, we 
1 possess ; it not only lessens the temperature of the surface, but it diminishes 
the action of the heart. It has been successfully employed in the treatment 
of fevers, but its use requires much judgment as respects the time of its 
j application, which, according to Currie and others, is " when there is no 
sense of chilliness present, when the heat of the skin is steadilv above what 
is natural, and when there is no general or profuse perspiration." It should 
not be employed either in the cold or sweating stage of fever, or in the hot 
' stage where the heat does not much exceed the natural standard. From in- 
attention to these circumstances, and from patients being injured by its 
effects, affusion is not at present often resorted to in the treatment of fevers. 
In scarlatina and some other of the exanthemata, it has been employed with 



672 sponging. 

benefit, to reduce the morbid heat of skin. It is, however, more relied upon 
in inflammatory diseases of the brain; in these cases, the water is to be 
poured upon the head, inclined over a basin or tub, by means of a pitcher. 
In children, it is sufficient to squeeze a large sponge, previously saturated 
with cold water, at some height above the head. Where a general affusion 
is deemed necessaiy, the patient should be taken out of bed, his head having 
been previously shaved; and, being stripped naked and placed on a stool in 
an empty tub, from three to jiue gallons of water, at a temperature not under 
40° Fahr., should be thrown over him. This affusion should be repeated 
until he feels coM, or rather until a rigor or shivering, or even chattering of 
the teeth, is experienced. He should then be dried, placed in bed, and a 
little warm wine and water administered to him, to aid the reaction and the 
consequent perspiration. 

But in cases where the invalid faints on raising him into the erect position ; 
where he feels chilly, although the thermometer indicates a high febrile tem- 
perature ; where the skin is bedewed with perspiration ; where the patient is 
a woman, and the monthly change is present ; or where the operation is 
dreaded, it ought not to be employed. The evening is the best time for 
using the cold affusion. 

Cool affusion is sometimes used instead of the cold, and is preferable for 
weak, irritable individuals. Tepid affusion is also beneficial in certain cases ; 
especially where there is a fear that perfect reaction will not take place after 
the application of cold water; or where disease of the pulmonary organs 
exists. It has been found very efficacious in scarlatina, as also in hectic 
fever. Warm affusion has likewise been used ; but its effects are far more 
temporary than those of the warm bath. 

Sponging. — The object of sponging the bocty, either with cold or with 
tepid water, is to reduce the heat of the surface by means of evaporation, 
with the view of softening the pulse and diminishing its frequency ; of ren- 
dering the skin perspirable; of relieving headache, checking delirium, and 
promoting sleep. In order to perform it well, the patient should be taken 
out of bed ; and, being undressed and placed in a chair, two or three per- 
sons should, at the same time, pass large sponges, wet with simple cold or 
tepid water, or vinegar and water, rapidly over different portions of the 
naked body, until the whole of it shall have been successively sponged, and 
a chill has come over the patient, who is then to be dried and placed in bed. 

This appears to be a simple process ; but it requires both caution and 
judgment to determine on its use, and to render it not only salutary but free 
from danger. For example, if, notwithstanding the continuance of great 
heat and dryness of the skin, a sensation of chilliness comes over the patient 
when the sponging is about to be done, the operation should be delayed ; 
neither should it be done if the smallest tendency to perspiration, indicated 
by moisture in the axillae, or on the palms of the hands, displays itself. 
But, if it has been done, and if partial relief has been obtained, if the heat 
of the skin returns, and the pulse rises, it may again be resorted to and 
repeated. 

But, besides the advantages to be obtained from sponging, during the 
presence, of disease, it is also productive of great benefit in warding off dis- 
eases, or in a prophylactic point of view. The sponging, however, under 
such circumstances, is to be performed in a different manner from that which 
has been described. 

In those predisposed to asthma and to bronchitis, known in ordinary 
Language by the term cold or cough, and in those, also, who are predisposed 
to croup, nothing is so serviceable in warding off the paroxysm of the former 
disease, or in preventing the attack of the latter malady, as cold and tepid 



FOMENTATIONS. 673 

sponging of the chest and the trunk of the body. It is also equally service- 
able during dentition in infants, and as a general tonic in delicate conditions 
of the system. In these cases it should be followed by gentle friction over 
the surface of the body. 

Sponging the body, as a prophylactic, or as a tonic, is always most effica- 
cious when it is performed whilst the patient is still in bed. Let him sit up ; 
or, if unable to do so, let him be raised into the sitting position, keeping the 
lower limbs under the bedclothes. The night-shirt or night-dress is then to be 
stripped down, and a large towel or sheet put round the waist to prevent the 
bedclothes from being wetted. The naked trunk of the body and the upper 
part of the arms are then to be moistened with a sponge, or a piece of flannel, 
dipped either in cold or tepid water, or vinegar and water, or salt water, as 
the case may demand ; after which, in drying the skin, if water only has 
been used, brisk friction should be employed, so as to cause a general glow 
upon the surface. In some cases, salt and water, or vinegar and water are 
preferable to the simple water. The best proportions are two ounces of salt, 
or the same quanthry of common vinegar, to a pint of water. When these 
adjuncts are used, friction is not required; indeed, when salt water is em- 
ployed, the skin should be dried with a soft, old towel, fitted to soak up the 
water only, and to leave the saline particles upon the surface. 

The best time for using such spongings is just before getting out of bed 
in the morning. They may be used in winter as well as in summer. In 
efficacy they are certainly nearly equal to the shower-bath, which may be 
resorted to in vigorous habits ; but when the habit is delicate, and not 
equal to the reaction, on which the beneficial influence of the shower-bath 
rests, sponging is preferable. It should not be used when perspiration is 
present. 

Sponging is as beneficial as the shower-bath in rendering the habit less 
susceptible to cold; and, when conjoined with exercise in the open air and 
proper regimen, not only asthma, coughs, and catarrhs may be warded off 
by its employment, but the predisposition to tubercular consumption may be 
lessened, in a very remarkable degree, by its daily employment. 



Fomentations. — These may be regarded as a species of local bathing. 

| Although the decoctions usually employed are useful in aiding warmth, by 

| their soothing or sedative influence, yet they are secondary objects in the 

application of fometations, the intention being to convey heat, combined 

I with moisture, to the part fomented. Flannel cloths, wrung out of boiling 

j water, by means of two sticks turned in opposite directions, form the best 

I fomentations. If they be shaken up, and laid lightly over the part, they 

involve a considerable quantity of air, which, being a bad conductor, retains 

\ the heat in them for a considerable time. In every process of fomenting, 

there should be two flannels, each three yards long, with the ends sewed 

; together, to admit of the boiling water being wrung out of them ; and the 

j one flannel should be got ready whilst the other is applied. The fineness or 

the coarseness of the flannel is not a matter of indifference : the coarser it is 

the less readily does it conduct heat, and the longer it retains its warmth ; 

therefore, it is more efficient for fomenting. White flannel also retains the 

t heat longer than colored flannel. 

Stuping is a variety of fomentation useful in many cases, but especially 
in affections of the eyes. The patient should be his own operator. He 
should sit up in bed, and should place, in the hollow of his hand, a small 
piece of flannel, wrung out of boiling water, and hold the hand at such a 
distance under the eyes that the vapors may rise to them — changing the 
flannel as often as it ceases to give out warm vapor. If narcotic or sedative 
43 



674 CATAPLASMS. 

additions are directed, they should be poured hot upon the flannel each time 
it is changed. 

Cataplasms, or Poultices, are modifications of fomentations ; they gene- 
rally consist of pulpy substances capable of absorbing much moisture, and 
of such consistence as to be applied accurately to any surface, however ir- 
regular. Their action, in most cases, depends upon the liquids with which 
they are moistened and the heat retained by the mass. Cataplasms may be 
emollient, medicated, or revulsive. 

Emollient Cataplasms are usually made of bread and water, linseed meal, 
Indian meal, slippery elm, etc., and water; or of mashed vegetable sub- 
stances, such as carrots and marshmallows. 

As warmth and moisture are the principal effects of emollient poultices, 
an excellent substitute for them is lint, dipped in warm water, and laid over 
the diseased part ; the lint should be covered with a towel, in order to pre- 
vent evaporation. This mode is much neater and more cleanly than any 
poultice, and where merely warmth and moisture are required, it will answer 
all the purposes intended. A peculiar fabric, called spongio-piline, consist- 
ing principally of sponge, has lately been invented in England, which is 
said to answer very well, when properly imbued with hot water, as a substi- 
tute for the simple emollient poultice. 

The addition of a little lard is useful, if the poultice does not require to 
be frequently changed. When the object, however, is to promote suppura- 
tion, the poultice should be frequently renewed, in which case the addition 
of the lard is unnecessary. 

Poultices should never be heavy, nor very bulky, but they should be fre- 
quently repeated. They are useful, in all cases of inflammation which can- 
not be backed, to assist the suppurative process and the advancement of the 
matter to the surface. After an abscess is opened, the poultices should still 
be continued for a few days. Poultices may be used, also, as fomentations 
in colic, and in inflammation of the bowels. In such cases, however, as the 
chief object is to allay pain and to soothe, they should be made with a de- 
coction of poppy-heads, instead of water. 

Medicated Cataplasms are those in which, to the simple emollient poultice, 
are added other ingredients, intended to exercise an influence on the part in- 
dependent of mere warmth and moisture ; as, for instance, the fermented 
poultice, in which yeast forms. a constituent, the charcoal poultice, and vari- 
ous others enumerated in the Formulary, all intended to fulfil certain indi- 
cations. 

Revulsive Cataplasms are those which, by inducing a local irritation or 
inflammation of the parts to which they are applied, act as derivatives. To 
this class belong mustard poultices, or Sinapisms, Cayenne pepper, garlic 
poultices, etc. 

Mustard poultices are made by rubbing the flour of mustard, of the shops, 
with water, into the consistence of a paste. When it is wished to have a 
weaker preparation, wheaten, rye, or linseed flour is to be added to the mus- 
tard in such proportions as arc deemed sufficient. The water used should 
be tepid, or merely warm ; a boiling temperature is injurious, as it tends to 
coagulate the albumen of the mustard, and thus to prevent the extrication 
of the volatile oil, which is the active principle. Vinegar is often used, but 
never increases the energy of the preparation, and, in the case of the black 
mustard, diminishes its power. This poultice should be spread thickly on a 
rag, as soon as it is prepared, and covered with gauze or tissue paper, in 
order to prevent adhesion to the skin. In a few minutes after it is applied, 
the sinapism causes a sensation of heat, which increases to almost intolera- 
ble burning. After some time the pain subsides, and is followed by a sense 



LOTIONS, LINIMENTS, EMBKO CATIONS. 675 

of weight and throbbing of the arteries. If the sinapism be left on, how- 
ever, the burning pain again returns, and becomes so great, that few persons 
can bear the action of a mustard cataplasm longer than three-quarters of an 
hour. 

In delicate, sensitive people the sinapism need not remain applied above 
six or eight minutes, as the effect continues some time after its removal. If 
it remains too long on, gangrene may supervene; this cannot happen unless 
the invalid be insensible, as too much pain is felt to permit the lengthened 
application of a sinapism ; but, in cases of stupor or insensibility, or in low 
fevers, a sinapism, if left on longer than an hour, may cause both vesication 
and gangrene. If the redness only is required, the pain may be moderated 
by mixing with the paste a drachm of tincture of opium, or two drachms of 
tincture of henbane, neither of which, although they allay the pain, dimin- 
ishes the rubefacient activity of the sinapism. 

Asa substitute for the mustard poultice, where mere external irritation is 
required, the capsicum or red pepper will answer admirably, and it has the ad- 
vantage of not vesicating : it may be used as a poultice, by mixing the powder 
with bread and milk, or Indian meal, or as a lotion mixed with warm spirits. 

Lotions, Liniments, Embrocations, are medicines of a more or less fluid 
character, which are employed as external applications. They may be used 
as mere fomentations to soothe pain and remove inflammation, as a mode of 
introducing medicinal substances into the system, or as revulsive agents, 
according to their nature and composition. Liniments, which generally con- 
tain oily constituents, are usually aided by friction of the part to which they 
are applied, either with the hand alone, or with some article capable of ex- 
citing some irritation of the skin, as a piece of flannel or a soft flesh-brush. 
In many cases, in which liniments are found beneficial, the advantage ob- 
tained from them is attributable rather to the friction than to any medicinal 
power in the lotion itself. 

Frictions, whether simple or conjoined with liniments, are frequently im- 
portant aids to medical treatment. Simple friction is performed by the hand 
alone, or with a piece of flannel, a hair glove, or a flesh-brush. If it be 
properly performed, namely, by short, brisk strokes with the tips of the 
fingers, and with great celerity, when the naked hand is the agent ; and if 
it be continued for an hour or upwards, and repeated several times a day — 
its influence in reducing swelled glands and swellings of the joints, as well as 
in alleviating rheumatic pains, is very great ; but, besides being well per- 
formed, the friction should be continued for half an hour, in order to render 
it useful. 

Friction, when performed in a gentle, slow, and equable manner, by pro- 
ducing a continued repetition of an agreeable impression on the nervous 
system, acts as a soother of pain, independent of any aid from opiate lini- 
ments, and also induces sleep. The beneficial influence depends, in a great 
measure, on its transferring the attention of the sufferer from the seat of 
pain, and confining it to the mild and agreeable sensation impressed by the 
friction. In performing it, the operator should sit by the side of the bed, 
and, introducing the hand under the bedclothes, rub the legs or the arms 
gently, with equally lengthened, but slow movements. When the invalid 
is a child, its influence is more powerful when aided by a monotonous, but a 
soft tune, which, although it operates upon a distinct sense, yet, by combi- 
nation, renders the friction more soporific. 

When friction is intended to stimulate the surface, it is necessary to aid 
its influence by liniments containing ammonia, or camphor, or some other 
excitant or acrid substance ; but these should be ordered by the medical 
attendant. In applying them, the same method should be adopted as when 



676 VESICATORIES, OR BLISTERS. — SETOKS. 

simple friction is employed ; but the hand of the operator must be guarded 
by a glove from the influence of the acrimony of the liniment. 

Friction is also used to introduce various substances — namely, mercurials, 
iodine, opium, etc., — into the body through the medium of the skin. The 
rubbing, in such cases, ought to be brisk, and applied with sufficient force 
to abrade slightly the cuticle ; and continued until the substance, which is 
usually in the form of an ointment, disappears, owing to the absorption by 
the skin induced by the friction. In using such frictions, the hand of the 
operator should be guarded by a glove ; otherwise, he is likely to suffer 
salivation, or some other unpleasant result, from the introduction of the 
medicinal agent into his own sj^stem. 

Yesicatories, or Blisters, have already been noticed in the introduction 
(p. 75), and do not require to be further commented upon. 

Issues are small ulcers artificially established for the purpose of procuring 
and keeping up a discharge of pus. They form an important derivative 
remedy in many diseases, and are to be formed by the following methods : 
the simplest is by the application of a small blister, which is to be dressed 
with some epispastic or irritating ointment. It is, however, difficult to pre- 
vent the sore from healing, and the discharge is seldom sufficiently copious. 
They are also formed by making incisions through the skin, and inserting 
issue peas into the wound. The best and most effectual plan is by the use 
of caustic ; this is done by means of a piece of leather, spread with adhesive 
plaster, through which a hole is made of the size of the intended issue ; this 
is to be warmed and applied to the skin, so as to apply closely. The aper- 
ture is then to be filled with the caustic, in the form of a paste, and covered 
with another piece of leather, spread as above. These are to be left on until 
the skin is destroyed, and then to be removed and a poultice applied until 
the eschar separates. The late Dr. Wistar was in the habit of recommending 
the application of a small blister, and of rubbing the vesicated surface with 
caustic potassa for a few minutes. This is an expeditious and excellent 
method, as it is effectual and gives but little pain. The issue is kept open 
either by the introduction of peas, or a piece of lint smeared with the oint- 
ment of savine, into the wound. The peas operate by mechanical irritation ; 
and, as they swell from the action of the heat and the moisture of the ulcer, 
they tend also to enlarge the wound. The peas should be changed at least 
once in twenty-four hours. Instead of the peas, it has been advised to use a 
small block of hard wood, with the lower surface cut into lozenges ; these, 
pressing on the surface of the sore, occasion a copious discharge, and it will 
be found more convenient of application than peas. The very irritation, how- 
ever, b}' which the discharge is maintained is apt to cause fungous growths 
from the bottom of the wound, which should be kept down ; this is to be 
done by dressing the issue occasionally with some escharotic, as burnt alum 
or red precipitate. Issues should be washed twice a day with warm water ; 
otherwise, they are apt to become very offensive. 

Setons are wounds kept in a suppurating state Irv means of some foreign 
body, which prevents their healing. They are made by passing a seton 
needle, armed with a skein of silk, thread, or a slip of gum elastic, through 
a folded portion of the skin, withdrawing the needle, and leaving the silk in 
the wound. If a seton needle cannot be procured, the puncture may be 
made with a thumb-lancet or bistoury, and the silk passed through the 
wound by menus of an eyed probe. The edges of the wound are apt, how- 
ever, after if. has been discharging for some length of time, to become callous, 
and the discharge to cease. When this occurs, the irritating substance should 



OINTMENTS. — CERATES. 677 

be smeared with some stimulating ointment. It should be recollected that 
much mischief may result from suddenly suppressing or removing either an 
issue or a seton. If this takes place, purgatives should be administered, and 
the discharge of the issue or the seton checked as gradually as possible. 

Ointments are simple or compound fatty bodies of a soft consistence, 
which are applied to the skin by inunction. They are more consistent than 
liniments, but softer than cerates. Simple ointment consists of one part of 
wax and four of lard, melted together and thoroughly mixed. This prepara- 
tion is the basis of many compound ointments. Compound ointments are 
of three kinds : one consisting of simple ointment, combined mechanically 
with various substances ; the second, formed by dissolving the active ingre- 
dients in melted ointment or lard ; the third, made by uniting substances to 
the fatty matters that induce a chemical action between them. 

Compound ointments of the first class are mixtures of the fatty basis with 
various solid and liquid substances ; these are incorporated by trituration in 
a mortar, or on a stone slab. "When hard substances enter into the combina- 
tion, they require to be previously reduced to a fine powder, or, if they are 
soluble, to be rubbed into a paste with an appropriate menstruum, and then 
admixed. When extracts form constituents of an ointment, if they are not 
of a soft consistence, they should be rendered so by trituration with water 
before they are mixed with the fatty body. The mixture of two or more 
ointments may be effected by rubbing them together on a stone slab by means 
of a spatula. 

Compound ointments of the second kind are made by boiling recent vege- 
table substances in the fatty basis, until all the water of vegetation is driven 
off; the heat should then be reduced to about that of boiling water, when 
the ointment is to be strained. Those of the third kind, as citrine ointment, 
are prepared by adding the constituents gradually together, aided by heat 
and constantly stirring. 

Ointments are preserved by keeping them in glazed jars, with the surface 
covered with tin foil. According to M. Deschamps, the admixture of a twenty- 
fifth part of benzoin with the fatty matter used to make the ointment, will 
prevent or greatly retard the process of decomposition. An ointment of 
benzoin is now officinal. In the case of ointments for highly irritable sur- 
faces, this plan answers well ; where it is inexpedient, the ointments should 
be renewed at short intervals. The use of yellow in the place of white wax, 
as formerly employed, likewise prevents the decomposition of the fat. 

Cerates consist of a basis of wax and a fatty matter, with which other 
substances are incorporated. They are of such a consistence as to be soft- 
ened, but not melted, by the warmth of the body. The general directions 
for making them are similar to those for ointments. 

Many preparations of the present class are made by simply mixing or 
triturating their component parts together. But when resins, wax, sperma- 
ceti, or concrete oils are to be mixed either together or with fluid oils, it is 
better to unite them with the aid of heat, which not only liquefies the solids, 
but likewise renders them much more soluble in the liquids. Brisk agitation 
is required while the mixture concretes on cooling; otherwise, the solid 
ingredients will separate either mechanically or by crystallization. Even in 
purifying lard or suet by fusion and filtration, it is right to stir the mass as 
it cools ; otherwise, the stearin or solid oil is apt to separate in part from the 
elain or liquid oil, so that an irregular mixture of the two principles is ob- 
tained. A gentle heat is sufficient for making ointments, cerates, and the 
like, because most of the ingredients are easily fusible ; and a strong heat 
must be avoided, for in that case acrid acids are engendered, which may 



678 



PLASTERS 



alter the properties of the preparation. Hence the vapor-bath is generally 
used for applying heat ; and it ought always to be employed in operations 
on a large scale. 

When the cerate is intended to irritate and not to soothe, a high tempera- 
ture or prolonged application of heat may be employed, which, in some 
cases, is advantageous, as in the cerate of cantharides, by more effectually 
dissolving out the active principle. 

Plasters are more consistent than cerates, adhesive at the temperature 
of the body, and requiring the aid of heat to soften them sufficiently to be 
spread. They are of two kinds ; one consisting of a compound of olive oil 
and litharge, or an oleo-palmitate of lead, having the common lead plaster 
as a basis, united to resinous or other substances ; the other, composed 
wholly of resinous matters, or these mixed with fatty substances or wax. 

Fig. 37. 




■i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii i iiii i ii i i i iiiiii ill 



^Iwiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiili 



? 




Apparatus for Spreading Plasters. 
Fig. 37 represents a convenient apparatus for spreading plasters, ace is a solid block of wood, 
rather larger than the intended plaster, and having the upper surface c made slightly convex ; b a 
is a tinned sheet-iron lid to cover the block, to which it is fastened by the hinge r, and further 
secured by the clasps seen at d ; n is an oblong opening in the cover of the exact size of the plaster ; 
mis a frame for marking the leather into squares. The leather, thus prepared, is placed on the 
convex surface c, the lid bdia turned down and fastened by the clasps, as seen in the figure i h. 
The plaster melted in the pan k is then poured on the leather i, and, by means of the iron instru- 
ment g, is spread uniformly over its surface. When cool, it is separated from the frame by passing 
the sharp-pointed instrument I around its inner margins. 

In making plasters, it is necessary, in most cases, to operate at a temper- 
fit are that will not volatilize or carbonize the ingredients; hence, a water- 
bath or steam heat is preferred. In the case of the burnt plaster (onguent 
de la mere of the Paris Codex), sufficient heat is employed to cause the fats 
to fume. Plasters should be made in metallic vessels, much larger than will 
contain the substances to be operated upon, as the mass increases in bulk by 
the action of heat causing an extrication of vapors. The water ordered in 
making lead plaster should be added at the commencement of the process ; 



SUPPOSITORIES. 679 

otherwise, when poured on the melted mass, it may cause a projection of 
portions of the heated materials on the operator. The ingredients should be 
thoroughly stirred together during the process of melting. When this opera- 
tion is concluded, the plaster is to be removed, in small portions at a time, 
into a vessel constantly supplied with cold water ; and, when sufficiently 
consistent, rolled into cylinders on a wet marble, and again placed in cold 
water to harden. To render plasters of a lighter color, they are kneaded and 
pulled under water ; but this process should not be practised on compound 
plasters containing substances soluble in water ; nor should these plasters be 
cooled in water, but suffered to chill on a marble slab until fit to be made 
into rolls. Some of the officinal plasters belong to the second class, and are 
made by melting resinous matters with the addition of certain oleaginous 
substances or wax. 

Plasters are preserved by enveloping the rolls with oiled paper, to exclude 
the air as much as possible. When kept for any length of time, they are apt 
to become hard and brittle, and to lose their color. When this is the case, 
they should be re-melted by a gentle heat, and sufficient oil added to restore 
their proper consistence. 

Spreading plasters for use requires skill and address on the part of the 
operator. They are spread on various textures, but most generally on linen 
or cotton cloth, or leather. The shape and size must be regulated by the 
part to which they are to be applied. The plaster is to be spread on the 
leather or cloth by means of a heated spatula of a peculiar form ; this is 
brought in contact with the end of a roll, which, becoming liquefied, can then 
be evenly diffused over the surface ; or the plaster is carefully fused by heat, 
and when it has acquired a thick consistence, it is evenly and smoothly spread 
over the material by means of a spatula heated sufficiently to keep it of a 
soft consistence. Where the plaster is sufficiently adhesive to maintain its 
place when applied to the body, it is to be spread so as to leave about half an 
inch of margin uncovered ; but where it does not possess this quality in suffi- 
cient degree, it should be surrounded with an adhesive margin, which is to 
be prepared before spreading the bocty of the plaster. Full and particular 
directions for spreading plasters will be found in Procter's edition of Mohr 
and Redwood, p. 516, et seq. 

Suppositories. — The pharmacopoeia gives the following directions regard- 
ing their preparation : — 

" Mix the medicinal portion with a small quantity of oil of theobroma, by 
rubbing them together, and add the mixture to the remainder of the oil of 
theobroma previously melted and cooled to the temperature of 95°. Then 
mix thoroughly without applying more heat, and 
immediately pour the mixture into suitable moulds Fig. 38. 

having the capacity of thirty grains each. The 
moulds, previously made cold, must be kept so by 
immersion in iced water. All difficulty in removing 
suppositories from the moulds may be obviated by 
having the moulds previously dusted with lycopo- 
dium. In the absence of suitable moulds, supposi- 
tories may be iormed by allowing the mixture, refrigerator. 
prepared as above, to cool, care having been taken 

to keep the ingredients well mixed, and dividing it into parts, each of which 
shall weigh thirty grains, and may be made into a conical or other convenient 
form for a suppository." 

If moulds are not employed in preparing suppositories, it has been sug- 
gested to reduce the butter of cacao, by grating and sifting, into an uniform 
powder, with a portion of which the medicinal ingredients are to be thoroughly 




680 FUMIGATIONS. 

mixed upon a porcelain slab ; the remainder of the butter of cacao is then 
added, and if care be taken to avoid too much friction, so that the oil is not 
liquefied, the mixture may at once be rolled out into a cylinder, which is 
then divided into the requisite number of equal parts, each of which is rolled 
into a conical shape, either with the fingers or by means of a spatula. 

Suppository moulds are made of pewter or brass ; a convenient mould for 
six or more suppositories may be made of plaster of Paris, as suggested by 
C. E. Dwight in American Journal of Pharmacy, 1873, p. 5. 

Fumigations are extrications of vapors or gases, designed to modify the 
air of a sick chamber, and to mask any unpleasant odors that may be present, 
or to produce a medicinal effect on those parts of the body with which they 
are brought in contact. 

Fumigations, for the purpose of obviating or masking unpleasant odors in 
a sick room, should never be employed to supersede ventilation and cleanli- 
ness ; for most of them, instead of purifying the air, only render it more unfit 
for respiration. They are generally made by burning pastilles, sugar, juniper 
berries, benzoin, etc., so as to create an odoriferous smoke. As disinfecting 
agents, they are utterly useless ; and are relics of an ancient custom of 
burning frankincense and other odorous substances in vitiated air, to over- 
come the fetor which is more or less present. They disguise unpleasant 
odors ; but they accomplish nothing more. The infection remains not only 
unaltered by the diffusion of the most powerful aromatic vapors, but its 
deleterious properties are sometimes augmented by them. 

The fumes of burning camphor, and the vapors arising from its tincture, 
have more pretensions than either of the above to the name of a useful article 
of fumigation. It is much employed and confided in on the Continent ; but 
the experience both of American and British plrysicians does not warrant the 
opinion that it possesses any power of destroying infection or contagion. 
Nothing is more ridiculous than the custom, which was at one time very 
general, and which is still continued to a certain extent — namely, that of 
carrying a camphor-bag about the person, as a protection against infectious 
diseases. 

Vinegar is, not without reason, regarded as possessing some chemical in- 
fluence in decomposing infectious and contagious matters : and consequently, 
it is almost invariably sprinkled over the floor of the rooms of those suffering 
under infectious diseases ; or the vapor of hot vinegar is diffused through 
their apartments. It is thought to be still more salubrious, and a more 
powerful disinfectant, when it holds camphor or aromatic oils in solution ; 
hence the great popularity of the preparations called Aromatic Vinegar and 
Thieves' Vinegar (see p. 87). The repute of the latter is founded upon a 
stoiy, that four thieves, who plundered the dead bodies during the plague at 
Marseilles, with perfect security, on being questioned respecting the cause 
of this impunity, confessed, on the condition of their lives being spared, that 
they attributed it solely to the use of Aromatic Vinegar. 

Vinegar, in this state of combination, is extremely agreeable and refreshing, 
both to the invalid and the attendants of the sick room. The benefit which 
it produces depends upon a certain degree of stimulus imparted to the sensi- 
tive nerves, which are generally in a low condition in an infectious atmo- 
sphere ; but, as a chemical agent, its powers are too feeble to be followed by 
much benefit. It is, however, always refreshing, and is much better adapted 
for overpowering the unpleasant odors of the sick room than any of the 
former substances. 

The most efficacious fumigations that can be employed are those of chlo- 
rine. This disinfecting gas is extricated from a mixture of common salt, 
black oxide of manganese, and sulphuric acid (see p. 222). Instead of 



BLOOD-LETTING. 681 

chlorine disengaged in this mode, it is more common to use the chloride of 
lime, the chloride of soda, or the chloride of potash; solutions of either of 
these, placed in shallow vessels in a room, will give off chlorine in a gradual 
manner, hy a decomposition of their constituents. Some difference of opinion 
exists as to the mode in which this gas acts. Dr. A. T. Thomson is of 
opinion that it operates by decomposing the infected air : — 

" With regard to the mode in which chlorine operates, the most probable 
opinion is that it decomposes the infectious matter, which is a compound. 
One principle of this compound seems to be hydrogen ; another ammonia ; 
and a third a fetid volatile oil ; besides the unknown matter of infection. 
The chlorine unites with the hydrogen and forms hydrochloric acid, which 
combines with the second component of the infectious medium — namely, 
ammonia — and forms sal ammoniac ; the withdrawing of both of which from 
the air causes the precipitation of the volatile oil ; whilst the chlorine also 
neutralizes the real matter of infection, whatever it may be ; and thus the 
vitiated atmosphere is purified." 

Although chlorine is capable of destroying fetid and unpleasant odors in 
the sick room, it is liable to many objections. However extricated, it is apt 
to create irritation of the respiratory organs, and coughing, when respired ; 
it corrodes all metallic substances, and must, therefore, be used with 
caution ; from the chlorides evolving the gas more slowly, they are, in 
most cases, preferable to the immediate extrication of chlorine from salt 
and manganese. 

Other acid fumigations have also been found useful as disinfectants ; as 
those of nitrous acid, so highly recommended by Smith and Carmichael, and 
considered by Christison even as superior to chlorine. Sulphurous acid 
fumes, produced by burning sulphur, have likewise been recommended. Both 
are capable of destroying unpleasant odors and emanations ; but the same 
objections apply against their use in a sick chamber — that of causing much 
irritation of the organs of respiration ; hence they are unfitted to cases where 
there is any disease or weakness of these parts. Carbolic acid has, of late 
years, been extensively employed as a disinfectant, and found to possess 
considerable merit. 

Fumigations, used as medicinal agents, are much more prescribed on the 
Continent of Europe than in Great Britain or the United States. They are 
sometimes employed as inhalations — as emollient vapors in the treatment of 
bronchial affections ; and balsamic vapors in affections of the chest. They 
are also used externally, as the fumes of benzoin in rheumatic and gouty 
complaints ; those of aloes in deficient menstruation ; those of sulphur and 
mercury in various diseases of the skin. 

The effects of fumigations vary according to the temperature at which 
the vapors are used ; when it is high, and the whole body of the patient is 
exposed to it, it produces much the same train of symptoms as those caused 
by a vapor bath. When the fumigation is made with substances which 
give off no watery vapors, the phenomena that result are analogous to those 
of a heated air-bath, but more marked, especially those which occur in the 
skin and subcutaneous tissue. 

BLOOD-LETTING. 

Yarious methods are practised for this purpose. General bleeding is per- 
formed by opening a vein, called venesection ; or by puncturing an artery, 
which has received the name of arteriotomy. Topical blood-letting is prac- 
tised by opening the small vessels of a part by means of slight incisions, or 
what is called scarification, by the application of leeches, and by cupping. 



682 GENERAL BLOOD-LETTING. 

General Blood-letting. — Venesection is one of the most frequently em- 
ployed of the different modes of detracting blood. It is usually practised 
on one of the veins of the arm. A band or ligature is to be applied around 
the arm above the point at which the vein is to be opened, so as to obstruct 
the passage of the blood to the heart; this causes an enlargement and turgidity 
of the vessel below the ligature. This bandage should never be applied so 
tightly as to prevent the passage of blood in the arteries of the part. The 
vein is to be opened by means of a common or thumb lancet, or a spring 
lancet. In using the first, the vein is to be kept from rolling by means of 
the thumb of the left hand placed a small distance below where the puncture 
is to be made ; but care should be taken not to alter the relative position of 
the skin and vein, because in resuming their position after the lancet is in- 
serted, the aperture through the skin will no longer correspond with that in 
the vein, in consequence of which a thrombus or ecchymosis will form — a 
very common accident in venesection. The lancet is to be pushed into the 
vein, and when its point is within the cavity of the vessel, it is to be carried 
forward a little, so as to enlarge sufficiently the opening. The arm is to 
be kept extended after the operation until the necessary quantity of blood is 
taken. If the blood should not flow as freely as is desired, the patient should 
exert the muscles of the arm by grasping a stick, or moving the fingers. 

The spring-lancet is much used in some parts of the United States, and is 
almost universally employed in Philadelphia. This has arisen, in great 
measure, from its being preferred to the common lancet by Dr. Physick, as 
w^ell as by Dr. Dorsey, whose reasons for this preference are thus given in 
his "Elements of Surgery:" — . 

" In a country, situated like the United States, where every surgeon, ex- 
cept those residing in the large cities, is compelled to be his own cutler, at 
least so far as to keep his instruments in order, the spring-lancet has a 
decided preference over the lancet ; the blade of this can with great ease be 
sharpened by any man of common dexterity, and if not very keen, it does 
no mischief, whereas a dull lancet is a most dangerous instrument ; and no 
one can calculate with certainty the depth to which it will enter: to sharpen 
a lancet is regarded by the cutler as one of his nicest and most difficult jobs ; 
it is one to which few surgeons are competent. 

" The safety of using the fleam is demonstrated by daily experience ; 
there is no country in which venesection is more frequently performed than 
in the United States, and, perhaps, none where fewer accidents from the 
operation have occurred ; of these few, I beg leave to state that all the 
aneurisms produced by bleeding, which I have seen, have been in cases 
where the lancet was used. I have since, however, met with an exception to 
this statement. I have seen the brachial artery opened by a spring-lancet, 
but it was by an old barber, half blind, and very clumsy." 

" The manner of using the spring-lancet differs in nothing from the opera- 
tion with the common lancet, excepting that the surgeon must place the instru- 
ment in such a situation over the vein that, when the spring is touched, the 
orifice into the vein will have a proper size and direction. Dexterity in this 
is very readily and speedily acquired. In point of facility in its use, it has 
a great advantage over the lancet. 

" Among the advantages of the spring-lancet, economy is not the least. A 
country practitioner who is constantly employing the English lancets, and 
who is particular in using none but the best, must necessarily consume 
half the emolument derived from the operation in the purchase of his 
instruments. One spring-lancet, with an occasional new blade, will serve 
him nil his life." 

After a sufficient quantity of blood lias been drawn, the flow is to be 
stopped by removing the ligature and placing a finger on the orifice, when 



GENERAL BLOOD-LETTING. 683 

any blood that has soiled the arm is to be wiped off, and the edges of the 
orifice carefully brought together, that the} T may unite by the first intention. 
To accomplish this, let the bleeder, with the thumb of that hand which holds 
the arm, push the skin towards the orifice, while he draws it on the other 
side to the same point with the compress ; thus the skin will be thrown into 
folds at the wound, over which he is immediately to apply the compress, 
which should be broad, to keep the skin better together, and thick, to make 
the compression more certain. 

When blood-letting is ordered, everything required for the operation should 
be at hand. The ligature for t3*ing the arm, so as to obstruct the flow of 
blood in the veins below it, should be a soft old ribbon ; and the same may 
be employed for securing the pledget over the orifice, when the flow of the 
blood is to be stopped. The pledget or compress should be a piece of linen, 
folded into a square form, about an inch in diameter, and comprehending 
three or four thicknesses of the material. It is always proper to use a 
graduated basin for receiving the blood, that the exact quantity drawn may 
be ascertained. If the invalid be bled in bed, he should sit erect ; if he 
be up, he should be placed erect in a chair. When the operator is dexterous, 
there is little or no necessity for guarding either the bed or the clothes of the 
patient from the blood; as the pressure of the thumb of the operator, placed 
below the point where the vein is to be punctured, should not be relaxed until 
the utensil for receiving the blood be conveniently placed for that purpose. 
A basin with a little tepid water, and a clean, soft towel, should be ready 
for washing and drying the arm, before the compresses and the bandage 
for preventing the further escape of the blood be applied. 

When a nurse or an attendant is not fully instructed in her duty, there is 
always considerable anxiety displayed to provide smelling salts and other 
means to obviate fainting. But, in man}^ cases, much of the benefit of blood- 
letting depends on the fainting which it causes ; and the propriety of check- 
ing that effect should be left entirely to the plrysician. No person should 
be present at this operation, nor should any one attempt to hold the basin for 
receiving the blood, who is liable to become sick or faint at the sight of blood. 
The arm should not be used for some hours after a vein has been opened 
in it; but, if everything has gone on well, the bandage ma}^ be removed at 
the end of two days. When this has been applied too tightly, the forearm 
and hand are apt to swell and become painful, in which case the bandage is 
to be loosened. If, on removing the bandage, it is found that the orifice, 
instead of being closed, presents an inflamed appearance, with its lips swelled 
and red, the arm is to be kept perfectly quiet, the edges of the wound brought 
in contact, and some cool application made to the part, to relieve the inflam- 
■ mation. In those cases where the inflammation extends beyond the orifice, 
and assumes an erysipelatous appearance, with a hard and painful tumor 
around the wound, a compress is to be applied upon the vein at the inflamed 
part, to make the two sides adhere together; if they do not' adhere, simple 
contact will still be sufficient to prevent suppuration in this part ; or, if in- 
i flammation has gone so far as to make the surgeon suspect that suppuration 
i has taken place, then the compress must be put upon that part of the vein 
just above the suppuration. 

The remedy for inflammation of the veins consequent on venesection, which 
i answers best, is the application of a blister over the inflamed part. As soon 
' as the inflammation commences, a small plaster of simple cerate, spread on 
linen, should be applied on the orifice, and over this, a blister large enough 
to cover the whole inflamed part, extending three or four inches from the 
orifice in every direction. This remedy was first proposed, and made use of, 
by Dr. Physick, and has been employed by many pl^sicians with great suc- 
cess, even after extensive inflammation of the vein has taken place. 



684 ARTERIOTOMY. — TOPICAL BLOOD-LETTING. 

Sometimes it becomes expedient to open the external jugular vein. To do 
this, the head should be laid ou one side, and the vein compressed by the 
operator's thumb near the clavicle, and the opening made in that part of the 
vein which lies over the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle. 1 The blood soon 
ceases to escape after the pressure is removed, but a small strip of adhesive 
plaster is necessary. 

In children, especially where they are very fat, a vein in the leg or foot can 
often be found, especially about or above- the malleolus, when none are percep- 
tible in the arm. To promote their distension, and to increase the bleeding 
when they are opened, it is found useful to immerse the limb in warm water. 

In bleeding young children from the arm, when they are restless and fret- 
ful, it is a good plan to attach the child's arm to the left forearm of the 
operator, by means of ligatures at the wrist and centre of the arm ; by this 
means, complete control is obtained over the motion of the child's arm, and 
the venesection'can be accomplished with comparative ease. 

Arteriotomy is the opening of an artery to detract blood. It is much 
more limited than venesection in its application, being practised only upon 
the temporal and posterior auricular arteries ; and, in most cases, is restricted 
to the former only. In this, the anterior branch is preferred, where it passes 
above the exterior angle of the e}^ebrow. In performing the operation, the 
vessel is to be partially divided transversely, and not longitudinally. When 
as much blood has been drawn as is deemed necessary, the incision is to be 
deepened so as to divide the artery entirely. On the consequent retraction 
of the cut extremities, the bleeding will generally cease ; if it should not, a 
graduated compress, maintained in place by a bandage around the head, is 
to be applied. 

Topical Blood-letting. — This consists of the abstraction of blood by 
cupping, leeching, or scarification. 

Cujjping is performed in the following manner: The skin being softened 
by means of a sponge and warm water, a small bell-like glass, known as a 
cupping-glass, having the air contained in it rarified by being passed over 
the flame of a lamp, or by ether means, is immediately applied to the part, 
all hair and other extraneous substances being previously removed ; from the 
formation of a vacuum beneath the cup, the pressure of the air on the sur- 
rounding surface causes that portion included in the cup to swell, and the 
vessels to become turgid. When this has taken place, the cup is removed 
and several incisions made by means of a scarificator, an instrument con- 
taining numerous lancets, which, by means of a spring, can make a corre- 
sponding number of incisions at the same moment; the depth of these 
incisions can be regulated by means of a screw which protrudes or withdraws 
the lancet, according to the vascularity of the part, the quantity of blood 
to be drawn, etc. When a sufficient quantity of blood has collected in the 
cup, it is to be removed by introducing the nail of one of the fingers under 
the edge, by which means, air being allowed to enter, the cup becomes de- 
tached. The part being washed with warm water to remove an} r clots of 
blood, the cup is again to be applied as above, and the operation continued 
till a sufficient quantity of blood is obtained. Sometimes, especially when 
applied to the scalp, the cups fill so rapidly with blood, as to become detached 
almost immediately on being applied. 

1 In bleeding from the jugular vein, it is generally advisable to compress both of the 
external jugulars. This is easily done, by placing the thumb of the left hand upon one 
jugular vein, and the forefinger of the same hand upon the other. If this point is not 
attended to, the operation may fail, iii consequence of the free anastomosis across the 
neck, and the passage of the blood downwards upon the opposite side. 



TOPICAL BLOOD-LETTING. 685 

For the operation of cupping, a basin of hot water, sponges, and clean 
soft towels are to be provided. It is generally considered as a severe and 
painful operation; but this is not the case, if the operator understands his 
business. This is readily ascertained by observing the manner in which 
the cups are applied, and the rapidity with which they are filled. A good 
cupper does not exhaust much of the air in the cup before applying it, but 
simply passes its mouth rapidly over the flame of a lamp ; for, when it is 
held over the flame even for a few seconds, the compression of the edge of 
the cup upon the skin is so great, that it operates as a ligature, and checks 
the flow of the blood to the scarified part ; hence very little blood is pro- 
cured. A good cupper, also, removes the cups without spilling the blood 
which they contain ; and the whole operation is completed in a short time. 

In our large towns, it is but seldom that physicians, nurses, or those at- 
tending in a sick room, are called upon to perform the operation of cupping, 
as professional cuppers are readily to be obtained ; but in small towns or 
villages, this is not the case, and the duty devolves either upon the physician 
or on those acting as nurses ; and hence some directions are necessary to 
those unaccustomed to this task. Few are found sufficiently expert to 
exhaust the air in the cup by means of the lamp; and even among the pro- 
fessional cuppers in this city this mode is very rare, though, when properly 
performed, it is by far the best. The usual plan is to rarefy the air in the 
cup by means of a small cone of paper, dipped in spirits of wine, or strong 
brandy ; this is ignited and thrown into the cup, which is instantly to be 
applied to the intended spot. Where the proper cupping-glasses and scari- 
ficator are not to be had, wineglasses or very small tumblers may be substi- 
tuted for the first, and small incisions by means of a thumb-lancet will answer 
the purpose of the latter. A very convenient apparatus may be obtained at 
most of the surgical instrument-makers, consisting of cups and an exhausting 
syringe fitted to them, by which even the most inexperienced nurse can 
perform the operation of cupping. 

The cicatrices of the scarifications leave a permanent mark ; on which 
account, females should not be cupped upon the nape of the neck ; but when 
blood is to be drawn from the head, the glasses should be applied behind 
the ears, and a portion of hair removed in such a manner that it may be 
covered by what remains. 

When cupping-glasses are applied without any scarification being practised, 
the operation is called dry cupping, and is much used to cause a speedy 
irritation of the skin for the relief of oppression of breathing, local pains, 
etc. To obtain the full benefit from this operation, the cups should be 
suffered to remain upon the part until they cause an exudation of a small 
quantity of serum, or great irritation of the part. The application of dry 
cups has been found extremely beneficial in poisoned wounds ; they act not 
only by abstracting the poison, but also, by the pressure they exercise on 
and around the part, in preventing the absorption of it. The experiments 
of Dr. Barry in England, and of Drs. Pennock and Rodrigue in this country, 
show unequivocally the value of this plan of treatment. 

Leeching consists in the application of leeches to any vascular part of 
the body. These are annulated animals, having an extensile, soft bocty, ter- 
minated at each extremity with a muscular disk, the anterior of which is 
furnished below with a mouth having three crescentic jaws, armed with 
numerous sharp teeth. To draw blood, the leech first renders the part tense 
by means of the anterior disk, which acts like a cupping-glass, and then 
makes a triangular wound by a saw-like motion of its tri-radiate jaws ; it 
then draws the blood by suction, until it is completely gorged, when it 
detaches itself and falls off. 

Leeches are seldom properly applied or managed. The part to which 



686 TOPICAL BLOOD-LETTING. 

they are intended to be applied should be washed with a little soap and 
warm water, then with simple cold water, and, lastly, it should be well dried. 
If the part be hot and inflamed, the leeches should be put, for a few minutes, 
into tepid water ; and this should be done, also, when they are to be applied 
in the mouth, or to any part of the body warmer than the general surface ; 
but, at all times, before they are applied, they should be dried between the 
folds of a clean soft towel. The easiest and best mode of applying them is, 
first, to place the number to be used in a hollow made with the points of 
the fingers in a towel folded like a napkin ; then, so to turn the towel and 
the leeches upon the part where it is intended they should fix, that the towel 
will cover them. The hand must be kept over the towel, to prevent their 
escape, until they all bite, which usually happens in a few minutes ; after 
which, the towel may be removed. By this method, twenty or thirty leeches 
can be applied more rapidly and with less trouble than two, when each leech 
is separately applied. Another plan is to put the leeches into a pill-box or 
small glass, and apply this over the part to which it is designed they should 
attach themselves. If this plan, however, cannot be pursued, owing to the 
nature of the part to which they are to be applied — as, for example, the 
inner or outer angle of the eye — then the simplest method is to scratch the 
skin with the point of a needle, and to apply the leech to the spot moistened 
with blood. When they are to be applied within the mouth, or any open 
cavity, each leech should be put into a large quill, with its head towards the 
open end of the quill, which should be applied to the part, and retained 
upon it until the leech is fixed, when the quill may be gently withdrawn; 
but a thread should be tied round the tail of the leech when it is to be 
applied within the mouth, to prevent it from being swallowed — an acci- 
dent which has occasionally happened, and has been productive of serious 
consequences. 

Leeches should never be forcibly detached, as their teeth are apt to sepa- 
rate, and, being left in the wound, to cause an erysipelatous inflammation of 
the part. They should be permitted to drop spontaneously, which being 
the result of a temporary suffocation (asphyxia), all muscular energy ceases 
in the animal, and, the teeth shrinking, it drops off entire. A bread-and- 
water poultice, not too hot, should then be laid over the bites, to encourage 
the bleeding. The invalid should be kept warm in bed when it is necessary 
to abstract a large quantity of blood. In general, the bites soon cease to 
bleed; but, in some instances, a copious flow takes place; and, therefore, to 
prevent exhaustion, the poultice should be frequently examined. This 
exhaustion is more likely to occur in children than in adults; and, for the 
same reason, leeches should not be applied upon children late in the evening 
unless they are very urgently required. It is also proper, in young patients, 
to select for their application a part which admits of pressure ; for example, 
the thorax and temples, where the bones are covered with a thin layer of 
soft parts. Sometimes the hemorrhage continues so as to become alarming ; 
in such cases, where pressure is unavailing or cannot be practised, creasote 
or some of the styptics applied to the bites will be found useful. Powdering 
the spot with rye flour has also proved effectual. When these means fail, 
cauterizing the bites by means of a fine point of nitrate of silver, or with a 
red-hot probe or knitting-needle generally proves successful. 

S'-ariftcations are slight incisions made in a vascular part, in order to 
relieve the engorged capillaries; they are practised in inflammations of the 
conjunctiva, and in those of the tonsils, with much benefit in many cases. 
The operation is very simple, consisting merely in dividing the surface of 
the inflamed parts to a slight depth with the point of a lancet or scalpel, 
and encouraging the bleeding by means of warm water. 



POISONS 



Poisons are usually defined to be substances of an animal, vegetable, or 
mineral nature, which, when administered in a small quantity, are capable of 
producing deleterious effects on the animal economy, and, in some instances, 
of causing the same consequences when applied to the surface of the body. 
But this definition is not strictly accurate, and is not applicable to all cases 
of poisoning ; nor is it, perhaps, possible to give in a few words such an one 
as would include all poisonous agents. Poisons are usually arranged accord- 
ing to their action on the system ; but, as the alphabetical plan has been 
pursued in the main body of this work, it will be continued in the present 
instance. For full information on the subject, the reader is referred to the 
work of A. S. Taylor, "On Poisons in relation to Medical Jurisprudence 
and Medicine." 

General Antidote for poisoning, in which the nature of the poison is 
unknown: — 

R. Calcined magnesia, } 

Pulverized charcoal, >• equal parts, in a sufficient quantity of water. 
Sesquioxide of iron, ) 
This preparation is perfectly innocent, and is very likely to be efficacious, 
for its ingredients, though simple, are antidotes to the most common and 
active poisons. — Bull, de Therap. 

Acid, Acetic. 

Symptoms. — Great heat and burning pain in the stomach, convulsions, 
death. 

Morbid Appearances. — Mouth and fauces brownish ; lingual papillae en- 
larged ; oesophagus lined with a brownish adventitious membrane ; stomach 
livid and even blackened ; vessels much injected. 

Antidotes. — Magnesia or its carbonates mixed into a cream with water ; 
soap, and the alkalies. 

Acid, Arsenious, or Arsenic. — A metallic, corrosive poison. 

Symptoms. — A metallic, austere taste ; a great flow of saliva ; nausea 
and vomiting ; fainting, great thirst ; a sensation of heat in the stomach, 
which, in many cases, rejects the mildest fluids ; much griping, tenesmus, 
and purging ; the stools being dark-colored and very offensive ; the urine 
scanty and high-colored ; the pulse small, frequent, and often intermittent ; 
distressing palpitation of the heart, with labored respiration and cold 
sweats ; prostration of strength ; sometimes paralysis of the extremities, 
delirium, convulsions, etc. 

Morbid Appearances generally confined to the stomach and intestines ; in 
the stomach, in the form of intense inflammation, but not of erosion or 
abrasion ; the inflammation is also evident in the upper intestines, but slight 
in the colon, though often violent in the rectum. The morbid appearances 
of other organs various. Sometimes no morbid phenomena to be found. 

Tests. — In the solid state: it is entirely sublimed by heat. If mixed 

( 687 ) 



638 ACID, BORACIC. — ACID, CARBONIC. 

with charcoal, and heated in a suitable test-tube, deoxidated arsenic will be 
obtained in the form of a metallic coating inside the tube ; and this ma} r be 
reconverted into arsenious acid by urging it in various directions along the 
tube with the aid of a minute spirit-lamp flame ; the facets of the crystals 
thus formed (on the cooler situations) will be seen in some places with the 
unassisted eye, but more distinctly by means of a four-power lens. 

In solution : ammoniacal nitrate of silver produces a lemon-colored {ar se- 
nile of silver) precipitate. Ammoniacal sulphate of copper throws down a 
grass-green (arsenite of copper) precipitate. Transmission of sulphuretted 
hydrogen produces a bright-yellow (sulphide of arsenic) precipitate. Lime 
water precipitates a white (arsenite of calcium) powder ; but this test is not 
one to be relied upon. 

Placed with zinc and diluted sulphuric acid in Marsh's apparatus, the 
arseniuretted hydrogen thence arising, when lighted, will deposit metallic 
arsenic on a piece of glass held within the flame. 

ReinscWs Test. — Acidulate the suspected liquid with muriatic acid, and 
boil copper wire or foil in it for ten minutes. The arsenic is deposited on 
the copper as a white alloy, from which it can be separated as arsenious 
acid, \>y subjecting the copper, cut into shreds, to a low red heat in the 
bottom of a small glass tube. 

The precipitates referred to, if washed and dried, may be treated as di- 
rected above for arsenic in the dry or solid condition. 

In testing suspected matters obtained from the stomach, these (and, in 
cases of death, the stomach itself) must be cut or broken down, and boiled 
during, at least, three-quarters of an hour : if not sufficiently fluid, add dis- 
tilled water. Strain, and with addition of a small quantity of potassa again 
boil during a quarter of an hour, and filter. If this liquor manifest either 
alkaline or acid reaction, neutralize with potassa, or with acetic acid, as may 
be required ; then acidulate it faintly with hydrochloric acid. Solution of 
nitrate of silver will remove the acid ; and solution of chloride of sodium 
will precipitate any excess of silver. The liquor may now be experimented 
on with the above tests. 

Treatment. — Abundant draughts of sweet milk, gruel, decoctions of starch, 
or oily mixtures ; tickling the fauces, etc., to induce vomiting ; the stomach- 
pump ; emetics of sulphate of zinc. Hydrated sesquioxide of iron (newly 
prepared, v. process, p. 293), in large doses, is the only antidote of reliance. 

Light magnesia may be used with advantage, until the hydrated peroxide 
of iron can be procured. 

Afterwards combat any inflammatory symptoms by the usual means, and 
let the patient subsist, for a long time, wholly on the blandest diet. 

All arsenical poisons have much the same action, and similar means are 
to be used for their detection and for counteracting their effects. 

Acid, Boracic. — This is said to be very virulent; but no instances have 
been recorded of its fatal effects on man. 

Tests. — Not very soluble in water ; soluble in alcohol, which, when in- 
flamed, burns with a rich green color ; soluble in the caustic alkalies. 

Acti), Carbonic. — This gas is freely liberated in respiration, combustion, 
and fermentation, as nlso in the calcination of lime ; and is found in coal 
mines, wells, and cellars. 

Symptoms. — Great drowsiness, giddiness, difficulty of respiration, loss of 
muscular power and sensibility, and coma. The whole body, but especially 
the face, appears swollen and livid; eyes arc unusually prominent, and re- 
tain their brilliancy for some time. 

Tests It extinguishes a taper if the proportion be above twelve or fif- 



ACID, CITRIC. — ACID, MURIATIC. 689 

teen per cent. ; lime water, or a solution of subacetate of lead, is precipi- 
tated white by it. 

Treatment. — Remove the person into the open air, and elevate the head ; 
dash cold water over him, apply stimulating frictions to the thorax and ex- 
tremities, and use artificial inflation of the lungs ; as soon as the patient can 
swallow, stimulants may be cautiously administered ; but, if there are signs 
of oppression of the brain, venesection is to be performed. 

Acid, Citric. — In large doses, acts as an irritant poison; but no fatal 
case in the human subject has been recorded. 

Acid, Hydrocyanic or Prussic — An extremely active, sedative poison. 

Symptoms. — When the dose is large, almost immediate death ensues ; in 
smaller quantities, it causes pain in the head, stupor, nausea, faintness, ver- 
tigo, and loss of sight ; followed by difficulty of respiration, dilated pupils, a 
small vibrating pulse, and syncope, which will end in death if curative means 
are not employed. 

Morbid Appearances. — None ; but a strong odor of the acid is exhaled 
from the stomach. 

Tests. — The (bitter almond) peculiarity of its odor. When a little potassa 
is mixed with liquids containing this poison, and solution of the sulphate or 
sesquichloride of iron added, a grayish-green precipitate is thrown down — 
which deepens to a Prussian-blue tint on addition of a few drops of sulphuric 
acid. The nitrate of silver produces a white (cyanide of silver) precipitate ; 
which, after being washed and dried, and then held on a watch-glass over a 
flame, burns with a fresh rose-color, cyanogen being at the same time evolved. 

Sulphur Test. — Place two drops of a solution of hydrosulphate of am- 
monia, containing an excess of sulphur, in the centre of a watch-glass, and 
invert it accurately over the vessel containing the poisoned liquid. Remove 
the glass in three or four minutes, and dry the moistened spot gently over a 
spirit-lamp. Let a drop of water fall on the white film, and then a drop of 
the perchloride of iron. If prussic acid be present, a blood-red solution 
(sulpho-cyanide of iron) is produced ; and this red color is discharged by the 
addition of one or two drops of a solution of corrosive sublimate. 

When a mixture is to be examined, containing matters from the stomach, 
etc., if alkaline, it must first be neutralized by addition of sulphuric acid, 
then one-eighth part cautiously distilled therefrom into a receiver immersed 
in some frigorific mixture ; and the product may then be tested by nitrate 
of silver, etc., as above. 

Treatment. — The internal remedy best calculated to act chemically on this 
poison, is carbonate of potassium in solution, quickly succeeded by watery 
solutions of sulphate of iron (with the intention of decomposing the acid, and 
forming the less injurious substance named Prussian blue) ; but the instances 
of success by these, or, indeed, by any other kinds of treatment, are extremely 
rare. Inhalation of chlorine gas, ammonia, etc. ; artificial respiration ; ex- 
hibition of energetic stimulants, such as brandy, liquid ammonia ; chlorine- 
water, chloride of soda and of lime, have all been extolled, and may be tried. 
Mustard poultices to the stomach, and cowhage applied over the chest ; vene- 
section at the neck, temples, etc. ; and affusion of cold water to the head and 
i spinal region, are more likely to prove timely excitant and effective remedies. 
' Employment of the stomach-pump, emetics, etc., seems a most improbable 
means of relief— or, rather, a waste of time. 

Acid, Muriatic or Hydrochloric. — A corrosive mineral poison. 
Symptoms. — Sensation of burning in the throat and stomach, styptic taste 
in the mouth, much thirst ; the eyes red and sparkling ; the pulse frequent 
44 



690 ACID, NITRIC. — ACID, OXALIC. 

and tense ; the skin hot and dry ; the tongue red and glazed ; the lips black ; 
vomiting of blood and yellow matter, having the peculiar smell of the acid ; 
cold sweats, delirium, etc. Orfila also says, a thick white fume, having the 
penetrating odor of the acid, issues from the mouth. 

Morbid Appearances. — Mouth, fauces, throat, and stomach highly in- 
flamed, of a deep-red color ; mucous membrane sometimes detached or de- 
stroyed, sometimes perforated; contents of the stomach yellow or dark 
green. 

Tests. — Characteristic acid taste. The presence of muriatic acid in small 
proportion is at all times demonstrable in the juices of the stomach ; there- 
fore proof of its presence in excess is required in cases of poisoning. When 
a piece of glass, wetted with this acid, is held close to liquor ammonise, so 
as to let the vapors of both meet, white {chloride of ammonium) fumes are 
formed. Solution of nitrate of silver produces a white {chloride of silver), 
curdy-looking precipitate. 

Treatment. — The immediate administration of soap, magnesia, soda, or 
potassa, mixed in bland demulcent drinks, to be followed by the free use of 
emollients and mucilages. If patient survives the first effects of the poison, 
employ antiphlogistic means to overcome the supervening inflammation. 

Acid, Nitric, or Aqua Fortis. — A corrosive mineral poison. 

Symptoms. — Much the same as those produced by the last-mentioned 
poison. 

Morbid Appearances. — In cases where death has occurred soon after the 
ingestion of the poison, the most striking appearance is a layer of yellow 
matter on all parts reached by the acid. The lips, chin, and hands of the 
person are also often stained with orange-colored spots. Perforations of 
the stomach are found in most cases. 

Tests. — The orange-colored fumes that are given off, when it is boiled with 
copper filings, are characteristic. It reddens morphia, and blackens a solu- 
tion of protosulphate of iron. A fluid containing it, on the addition of car- 
bonate of potassium, forms nitre, which may be known by its deflagration, or 
by powdering a small portion, and placing it in a glass tube with some fine 
copper filings, moistening with water, and adding a few drops of sulphuric 
acid — when, if it be nitre, there will be an evolution of the orange-colored 
fumes of nitrous acid. 

Treatment. — The administration of magnesia or chalk in some bland fluid, 
then the free use of demulcents, and subsequently the employment of anti- 
phlogistic means to subdue inflammation. 

Acid, Oxalic — A corrosive vegetable poison. 

Symptoms. — Burning heat of the stomach, nausea ; sometimes vomiting, 
but at others, ineffectual efforts to discharge the contents of the stomach ; 
great prostration ©f strength, violent pain, spasmodic respiration, convul- 
sions, etc. When the patient survives the first effects of the poison, all the 
symptoms of violent inflammation of the alimentary canal are developed. 
In a diluted form, it appears to cause paralysis of the heart or symptoms of 
cerebrospinal disease. 

Morbid Appearances. — Tongue and fauces usually covered with a viscid 
white coat; the stomach containing a dark-brown mucous fluid, and its sub- 
stance of almost a gelatinous consistency. In some cases, no traces of the 
action of the poison are perceptible; but, when death does not occur for some 
time, the alimentary canal is found inflamed. 

Tests, — In solid state : has the characteristic sour taste of most acids ; and 
produces the same changes as they do on vegetable blues. When placed in 
water, a crackling sound accompanies the solution of its crystals. 



ACID, SULPHURIC. —ACONITE. 691 

In solution: Solution of chloride of calcium produces a white {oxalate of 
calcium) precipitate ; which is insoluble in acetic acid, but soluble in nitric 
acid. Solution of nitrate of silver also throws down a white precipitate, 
which, on being carefully dried by aid of heat, on bibulous paper, acquires a 
brownish outline, and towards the end shows some slight explosions. 

Treatment Mixtures of magnesia, chalk, whiting, or plaster scraped from 

off the inside wall of an apartment, mixed with water (the amount of the 
latter being as small as convenient for swallowing) ; abundant drinks sub- 
sequently. No alkalies should be employed. 

Acid, Sulphuric. — A corrosive mineral poison. 

Symptoms. — An austere styptic taste in the mouth ; a sensation of burning 
heat in the throat and stomach, followed by nausea, vomiting, and much fetor 
of the breath. The matters vomited contain both venous and arterial blood. 
Signs of great inflammation of the abdominal viscera soon manifest them- 
selves, with difficult respiration, a croupy cough, and a small, frequent, 
irregular pulse ; great anxiety and restlessness, convulsive motions of the 
muscles of the face and lips ; sometimes a papulous eruption precedes death. 

Morbid Appearances. — These are not always to be found, except in the 
fauces and larynx, which, in most cases, present evidence of the highly corro- 
sive action of the poison. The stomach is sometimes found to contain a 
quantity of dark grumous matter, and is much distended with fetid gas — its 
membranes ulcerated, dark colored, and having numerous corroded spots, 
and even perforations. 

Tests. — The acid may be in a concentrated or a diluted state. If in the 
former, any organic matter placed in contact with it is blackened and charred ; 
when mixed with an equal bulk of water, much heat is evolved ; when boiled 
with copper filings or mercury, sulphurous acid gas is evolved. When the 
acid is in a diluted state, the best test is nitrate of barium, which causes a 
dense white precipitate of sulphate of barium ; this can be verified by cal- 
cining it for some minutes with an equal weight of charcoal, wrapped in 
platina foil, then introducing the residue into a glass tube and adding a few 
drops of muriatic acid. This will cause an extrication of sulphuretted hy- 
drogen, which can be recognized by its odor, and by its blackening carbonate 
or acetate of lead. 

Treatment. — The same as for the other mineral acids. 

Acid, Tartaric. — A corrosive vegetable poison. 

Symptoms — Very analogous to those caused by oxalic acid. 

Morbid Appearances are likewise similar to those produced by oxalic 
acid. 

Tests. — When heated on platina foil, it burns with a pale reddish flame, 
and exhales a peculiar acrid vapor, leaving much carbonized matter. When 
a solution is treated with lime water, it affords a white precipitate, soluble in 
an excess of the acid ; when treated with caustic potassa, it affords a gran- 
ular precipitate of the bitartrate. 

Treatment. — The same as for oxalic acid. 

Acetate op Copper. See Copper. 
Acetate op Lead. See Lead. 
Acetate op Morphia. See Opium. 
Aconite. See Vegetable Poisons. 



692 ALCOHOL. — POT ASS A. 

Alcohol. — A narcotico-acrid poison. 

Symptoms. — These vary according to the dose. In small quantities, there 
is mere excitement. In large doses, much excitement, with delirium, con- 
fusion of intellect, followed by somnolency ; nausea and vomiting, and even 
coma and apoplexy. When an undue portion has been swallowed, it often 
proves instantly fatal ; it may also prove fatal by occasioning or aggravating 
other diseases. The effects of an habitual use of it are diseases of the viscera, 
and various mental and nervous disorders. ' The symptoms of poisoning with 
alcohol may be mistaken for those of epilepsy or apoplexy. 

Morbid Appearances are inflammation, softening, etc., of the mucous mem- 
brane of the stomach, congestion of the cerebral vessels, and sanguineous or 
serous extravasation of the brain or lungs. 

Tests. — Odor of the contents of the stomach, or of matters ejected from 
it. The chemical proof consists in removing the contents of the stomach, 
mixing them with distilled water, filtering and distilling in union with car- 
bonate of potassium or sodium; the product is mixed with fused chloride of 
sodium, and again distilled. Alcohol will be found in the receiver. 

Treatment. — Withdraw the contents of the stomach as speedily as possible, 
by a stomach-pump ; afterwards an emetic of salt and water should be given 
in large doses, and repeated, at short intervals, till the stomach is well 
cleared. The cold affusion is useful in some cases. Ammonia may be em- 
ployed as a stimulant, and general symptoms obviated by blood-letting ; but 
this must be employed with great caution. 

Alkalies. 

Ammonia. — A corrosive poison. 

Symptoms. — Excoriation of the mouth and fauces ; burning sensation in 
the throat and stomach, usually followed by vomiting and purging, the 
ejected matters being often bloody. When the quantity taken is large, an 
immediate feeling of strangulation ensues, attended with convulsions. If 
the result is fatal, it quickly follows the ingestion of the poison. The inha- 
lation of ammonia by the nostrils, when too freely used in cases of fainting, 
has caused the same symptoms as when taken into the stomach. 

Morbid Appearances. — Marks of high inflammation of the parts with 
which the poison has come in contact. 

Tests. — The pungent odor ; its alkaline reaction — but which is dissipated 
by heat. By causing a yellow precipitate with a mixture of arsenious acid 
and nitrate of silver ; by producing a rich violet-blue solution with the salts 
of copper ; by yielding a yellow precipitate with the bichloride of platinum ; 
by giving a white precipitate with the bichloride of mercury ; and forming 
white fumes with chlorine or hydrochloric acid. 

Treatment. — The immediate administration of vinegar or one of the 
vegetable acids, and afterwards the copious use of demulcents. When 
ammoniacal vapor has been inhaled, the patient should inspire the vapor of 
vinegar. 

Potassa. — A corrosive mineral poison. 

Symptoms. — An acrid, caustic, urinous taste in the mouth ; a sensation of 
burning heat in the throat ; nausea, and sometimes vomiting of bloody 
matters. The surface cold and clammy ; the pulse quick and feeble ; hyper- 
catharsis, and violent colicky pains. 

Morbid Appearances Strong marks of inflammation in the alimentary 

canal, softening, erosion of the mucous coat, and, in some cases, perforation 
of the Btomach. 

Tents, — Alkaline reaction; precipitation of nitrate of silver in the form 



SODA. — BAEYTA. 693 

of a dark-colored oxide. Carbonic acid water can see no precipitate. A 
concentrated solution, acidulated with muriatic acid, affords a deep-yellow 
precipitate with bichloride of platinum. A solution of tartaric acid causes 
a white precipitate of cream of tartar. 

Treatment. — Give vinegar and the diluted vegetable acids ; to be followed 
by a free use of demulcents, or oleaginous mixtures. 

Soda. — A corrosive mineral poison. 

Symptoms and Morbid Appearances. — Analogous to those following the 
use of potassa. 

Tests. — Caustic soda in solution is not precipitated by bichloride of pla- 
tinum or tartaric acid ; its alkaline nature can be ascertained by the usual 
tests. Antimoniate of potassium affords a white precipitate when added to 
the salts of soda. Soda tinges the outer flame of the blow-pipe yellow. 

Treatment. — The same as for potassa. 

Antimony. — Metallic antimony is not regarded as a poison ; but its vapor 
is said to cause unpleasant symptoms when respired. 

Antimony, Tartarized, generally known as Tartar Emetic, is an irritant 
metallic poison. 

Symptoms. — Nausea and severe vomiting, hiccough, cardialgia, burning 
heat at the epigastrium, severe colic and purging, small and rapid pulse, cold 
skin, S} T ncope, difficult respiration, vertigo, insensibility to external stimu- 
lants, painful cramps in the lower extremities, and great prostration of 
strength. 

Morbid Appearances. — The stomach and intestines often much inflated 
with gas ; their mucous membrane red, and covered with a slightly adhering 
viscid layer ; the peritoneum of a dark brick-red hue ; the membranes of the 
brain displaying marks of inflammation. 

Tests. — In a solid state, add charcoal, introduce into a test-tube and expose 
to heat ; metallic antimony will be found of a grayish-black lustre. In the 
state of solution, diluted nitric acid causes a white precipitate. Sulphuretted 
hydrogen throws down a reddish-orange precipitate. Solutions containing 
tannin cause a copious, curdled, whitish-yellow precipitate. Should matters 
from the stomach be present, the solution must be well agitated with a small 
portion of muriatic and tartaric acid ; then filtered previous to being experi- 
mented upon. 

Treatment. — Encourage vomiting by free administration of warm water 
and other diluents, or employ the' stomach-pump, if necessary. Infusions, 
tinctures, or extracts, containing tannin, are very useful by decomposing the 
poison. 

Baryta, and Preparations or. — The only preparations of baryta that 
have caused death are the Carbonate and Chloride. 

Symptoms. — Those of irritation, combined with an affection of the brain 
and nervous system, as vertigo, convulsions, and paralysis. 

Morbid Appearances. — Evidences of inflammation of the mucous coat of 
the stomach. 

Test. — In solution: Sulphuric acid throws down a profuse dense white 
{sulphate of barium) precipitate. Solution of nitrate of silver also produces 
a white {chloride of silver) precipitate with the chloride of barium. Sul- 
phuretted hydrogen produces no change of appearance ; which circumstance, 
being peculiar to salts of barium, is valuable as a negative test. 

Treatment. — Sulphates of magnesium or sodium in solution in water, if 
the patient is seen early ; they are, however, of little use where the carbonate 



694 BELLADONNA. — CANTH ABIDES. 

has been taken. In this case, a mixture of sulphate of magnesium and 
diluted vinegar, together with emetics and the stomach-pump, should be used. 

Belladonna. See Vegetable Poisons. 

Bismuth. — The only preparation that has caused death is the Subnitrate. 

Symptoms. — Burning pain in the throat, .nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea, 
accompanied by coldness of the extremities, and spasms. 

Morbid Appearances. — Inflammation of the fauces and oesophagus, redness 
of the stomach and intestines. 

Tests. — In substance : Dissolve in nitric acid, without change of color, and 
without effervescing, which distinguishes it from a carbonate. Sulphuric 
acid produces no precipitate, thus disproving the possible idea of its being a 
preparation of lead. Dissoh^e it in nitric acid, and add solution of potassa 
so long as any precipitate is thrown down ; gather this in a filter, and, after 
washing and drying it, place it on charcoal, and treat it as directed for prep- 
arations of lead, when its reduction to the metallic condition will be effected. 

The nitrate is decomposed by being poured into a large quantity of cold 
water, yielding an insoluble subnitrate. The latter salt is blackened by 
exposure to sulphuretted hydrogen gas. 

Treatment. — Induce vomiting by tickling the fauces, etc., and give con- 
tinuous full draughts of sweet milk. 

Bromine. — An irritant, corrosive mineral poison. 

Symptoms. — Irritation and inflammation of the parts with which it comes 
in contact, whether in substance or in vapor. 

Morbid Appearances. — Fauces, oesophagus, and stomach inflamed and 
corroded, mucous membrane gelatinized, duodenum of a yellow color, and 
thickened ; the parts retaining a strong smell of the poison. 

Tests. — Its color, odor, and volatility. All solutions containing it are 
rendered colorless by the addition of potassa. On being evaporated, the 
residue is to be incinerated at a low temperature, the ash dissolved in dis- 
tilled water, filtered, and chlorine passed through the solution. On the 
addition of ether, the bromine is taken up by that fluid. With nitrate of 
silver it affords a yellowish-white (bromide of silver) precipitate. 

Treatment. — The immediate and free use of albumen or starch, and mag- 
nesia ; inhalations of sulphuretted hydrogen. 

Brucia. See Vegetable Poisons. 

Calomel. See Mercury. 

Camphor. See Vegetable Poisons. 

Cantharides. — An acrid and corroding animal poison. 

Symptoms. — A burning sensation in the throat ; violent pain in the stomach 
and bowels ; nausea, vomiting, and purging — the ejections being frequently 
bloody and purulent; great heat and irritation of the urinary organs, some- 
times the most painful priapism ; pulse quick and hard ; and convulsions, 
tetanus, delirium, and syncope. 

Morbid Appearances. — Inflammation and erosion of the stomach; if in 
substance, fragments of the flies, adhering to the mucous coat, or mixed with 
tin; contents of the stomach ; marks of inflammation in the intestines and 
urinary organs : these are most evident when death does not soon follow the 
ingestion of the poison. 



COLCHICUM AUTUMIALE. 695 

Tests, — The characteristic green, shining appearance of the fragments of 
the flies, and the character of the symptoms. 

Treatment The promotion of vomiting by means of warm demulcents ; 

copious dilution, bleeding, the warm bath, opiate frictions, enemata of mutton 
broth, laudanum, etc. Camphor, though not an antidote, alleviates some of 
the most distressing symptoms. 

Carbolic Acid and other phenols, including creasote. 

Symptoms. — Burning sensation, extending from the mouth to the stomach; 
severe pain in the stomach ; vomiting of a frothy mucus ; skin clammy and 
cold ; breathing difficult ; insensibility ; pupils contracted ; odor perceptible 
in the breath and vomited matter. 

Morbid Appearances. — Mucous membrane of mouth whitened ; oesopha- 
gus white, hardened ; coats of stomach of a horny appearance ; lungs gorged 
with blood. 

Tests. — These compounds are readily recognized by their odor. 

Treatment. — Saccharate of calcium appears to be the most reliable anti- 
dote ; if not at hand, carbonate of calcium, or preferably calcined magnesia 
diffused in lime water, should be freely used ; afterwards demulcents. 

Carbonic Acid Gas. See Acid, Carbonic. 

Chlorine. — An acrid gaseous poison. 

Symptoms. — Great and painful constriction of the glottis, cough, sensation 
of suffocation, alternating with asphyxia; if the case is protracted, inflam- 
mation of the larynx and pneumonic inflammation ; odor of the gas per- 
ceptible in the breath and in the vomited matters. 

Morbid Appearances. — Marks of irritation and inflammation in all the 
parts with which the poison has come in contact. 

Tests. — A solution of this gas has a yellowish color, and a strong, pecu- 
liar smell, which latter is evolved on boiling. It gives a white precipitate 
with nitrate of silver, which is insoluble in nitric acid. 

Treatment. — The best remedy is a free use of albumen. Magnesia, with 
mucilaginous fluids, may also be freely exhibited. Inhalations of ammonia, 
ether, and the vapor of warm water, and even of sulphuretted hydrogen, 
have been recommended. The last article must be employed with great care, 
to avoid an excess of it. 

Chrome. — The only form of this metal that requires notice is the 

Bichromate of Potassium. — An acrid mineral poison. 

Symptoms. — Burning heat in the mouth, throat, and stomach ; excessive 
and painful vomiting of bloody mucus ; convulsions, palsy, etc. 

Morbid Appearances. — Softening and abrasion of the mucous coat of the 
stomach and intestines. 

Tests. — In substance, by its orange-red color. In solution, by affording a 
rich red precipitate with nitrate of silver, a bright yellow with acetate of 
lead, a dingy green color and whitish turbidity with sulphuretted hydrogen. 

Treatment. — The use of the carbonates of potassium or sodium, to neu- 
tralize the excess of chromic acid, followed by the administration of emetics. 
It would also be advisable to employ chalk or magnesia, in connection with 
milk or the albumen of eggs. 

Cocculus Indicus. See Vegetable Poisons. 

Colchicum Autumn ale. See Vegetable Poisons.. 



696 CONIUM MACULATUM. — IODIDE. 

Conium Maculatum. See Vegetable Poisons. 

Copper. — This metal is not poisonous in a metallic state, but becomes 
highly so when oxidized or in combination. 

The most common preparations of copper are the Acetate (verdigris), 
Sulphate (blue vitriol), the Carbonate, and Ammoniuret. 

Symptoms. — Violent headache, vomiting, pain in the bowels, cramps in 
the lower extremities, a peculiar and permanent coppery taste, diarrhoea, 
convulsions, palsy, and insensibility. 

Morbid Appearances. — Marks of inflammation in the stomach and intes- 
tines. When the case has been protracted, there is often a green tinge of 
the lining membrane, and a jaundiced appearance of the skin. 

Tests. — The Sulphate in a solid state presents a bright blue color, and 
leaves an astringent metallic impression on the tongue. 

In solution : The transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen affords a brownish- 
black (sulphuret of copper) precipitate. Solution of ammonia precipitates 
a blue substance, which, on further addition of ammonia, becomes dissolved ; 
but when only a small amount of the poison is present, no precipitation 
occurs, a clear violet-colored solution being then at once presented. Ferro- 
cyanide of potassium throws down a reddish-brown (ferrocyanide of copper) 
precipitate. A piece of polished zinc or iron (as the blade of a table-knife) 
acquires a plating of copper, if placed in a liquid containing the above salt. 
The tests for sulphuric acid will indicate its presence here as the combining 
acid. 

The Acetate : Same tests as preceding, excepting the last. 

The Ammonio-sulphate: has a brilliant violet-blue color, and ammoniacal 
odor. Solution of arsenious acid affords a fresh apple-green precipitate ; 
this experiment is, conversely, that for arsenious acid. 

Treatment. — Vomiting to be promoted by copious daughts of warm water, 
milk, or mucilaginous fluids ; various antidotes have been highly praised. 
Sugar was formerly recommended, but has not been as successful as was 
supposed. Albumen and milk form an insoluble compound with copper, 
provided they are in large excess. The protosulphuret of iron and iron 
filings have also been employed with advantage ; but their action is too slow. 
The hydrated oxide of iron has been successfully administered where the 
arsenite of copper had been taken. 

Corrosive Sublimate. See Mercury. 

Digitalis. See Vegetable Poisons. 

Iodine. 

Symptoms. — In large doses this substance causes heat and constriction of 
the fauces, nausea, offensive eructations, pain in the stomach, retching, colic, 
diarrhoea, quickness of the pulse, trembling, great thirst, salivation, convul- 
sions, etc. 

Morbid Appearances. — Distension and inflammation of the stomach and 
bowels ; sphacelation in some places ; and, in protracted cases, increased size 
and paleness of the liver. 

Test*. — In the solid form, it is in purplish-black scales, having somewhat 
the odor of chlorine. When heated in a tube, it gives off violet fumes ; when 
added to the mucilage of starch, it strikes a deep blue color. When it is 
mixed with other matters, pass a stream of sulphuretted hydrogen through 
the mixture, boil it, saturate with potassa, add mucilage of starch, filter, add 
nitric acid, and the color will indicate iodine. 

Treatment. — Promote vomiting, resort to the free administration of amy- 



IODIDE OF POTASSIUM. — LEAD. 697 

laceous and mucilaginous fluids, and treat the inflammatory symptoms as 
they occur. 

Iodide op Potassium. 

Symptoms. — Uneasiness of the stomach, followed by nausea, and a burn- 
ing sensation in the stomach, vomiting, cephalalgia, vertigo, and tremors. 

Morbid Appearances. — Stomach contracted ; mucous membrane, with 
ecchymosed spots, and some abrasions ; marks of inflammation in the in- 
testines. 

Tests. — Solid state: heat with the protoxide of manganese; moisten the 
powder with a mixture of equal parts of sulphuric acid and water ; heat in 
a tube, and the purple vapor of iodine makes its appearance. 

In solution : add to the filtered fluid an equal quantity of mucilage of 
starch, and a few drops of nitric acid, and the characteristic blue color will 
be produced. Test the urine in the same manner. It may also be detected 
in the solids of the body, by drying them, incinerating and lixiviating, filter- 
ing, and using starch and nitric acid. 

Treatment. — The same as for iodine. 

Iron. — Not poisonous in a metallic state ; but some of its preparations 
act as irritants, especially the sulphate and the muriate. 

Symptoms. — Nausea, vomiting, and purging; sensation of heat in the 
stomach and bowels ; dejections of a black color, etc. 

Morbid Appearances. — Softening of the mucous coat of the stomach and 
intestines; the whole extent of the alimentary canal of a black color; marks 
of inflammation. 

Tests. — For the sulphate : ferrocyanicle of potassium will give a greenish- 
blue precipitate, becoming a deep blue by exposure to the air ; hydrosulphu- 
ret of ammonia will give a black precipitate ; and gallic or tannic acid will 
give a bluish-black precipitate. The presence of sulphuric acid can be 
ascertained by means of nitrate of barium. 

Treatment. — In poisoning by either salt, magnesia or the alkaline carbo- 
nates should be freely given. 

Lead. — In a metallic state, lead does not appear to be poisonous ; but 
most of its compounds are, especially the acetate, chloride, carbonate, and 
oxide. 

Symptoms. — Obstinate constipation, violent colic with retraction of the 
abdomen ; vomiting, pulse small and hard, laborious breathing, and tremors, 
gums with a blue tinge, paralysis of the extremities, etc. 

Morbid Appearances. — The appearances on dissection are very various, 
but are principally those of inflammation. 

Tests. — In a solid state : Mixed with potassa and charcoal, and exposed 
to a red heat (or placed in a suitably sized hollow in a piece of charcoal, 
and exposed to a blow-pipe flame), metallic lead is formed. 

In solution : Sulphuric acid, and the sulphates, throw down a white (sul- 
phate of lead) precipitate. Solution of carbonate of sodium gives a white 
{carbonate of lead) deposit. Solution of chromate of potassium a rich }^el- 
low (chromate of lead) precipitate. Solution of iodide of potassium affords 
a yellow (iodide of lead) precipitate. Transmission of hydrosulphuric acid 
produces a blackish (sulphur et of lead) precipitate. Zinc precipitates lead 
from a solution of any of its salts. 

To render the carbonate amenable to the foregoing tests, it must first be 
dissolved in a sufficiency of nitric acid diluted with distilled water. 

Treatment. — Administer a solution of sulphate of zinc in full doses ; in- 
duce and continue vomiting. If an insoluble salt of lead is the poison, 



698 LOBELIA. — MERCURY. 

almond or olive oil must at first be given in considerable quantity. The 
free exhibition of the sulphate of sodium, or magnesium, or of milk, or 
albumen, to be followed by an emetic. In lead-colic, the treatment consists 
of active purgatives, followed by full doses of opium or Dover's powder. 
Inflammatory symptoms are counteracted by antiphlogistic means. 

Lobelia. See Vegetable Poisons. 

Mercury. — In a metallic state, mercury exercises but a slight influence 
on the body, but in a state of vapor it is capable of causing violent symp- 
toms. All the salts of mercury are poisonous ; but the most important is 
corrosive sublimate. 

Symptoms. — The symptoms caused by corrosive sublimate resemble those 
produced by arsenic, but, from the salt being more soluble, they are more 
immediate and violent ; there is a more marked taste, the evacuations are 
more frequently bloody, and there is a whitened condition of the epithelium 
of the mouth. There are three varieties of poisoning with mercury. In 
the first, the leading symptoms are, violent irritation of the alimentary tube ; 
namely, vomiting, purging, pain at the pit of the stomach, and irritation in 
the throat ; metallic, styptic taste, corrosion of the mouth, tongue, and 
palate ; constriction of the throat, and difficulty of swallowing. Blood 
evacuated both by vomiting and by stools, suppression of urine, countenance 
flushed, tumid, and bloated. In the second variet}^, salivation and sloughing 
of the mouth succeed to the irritation and inflammation. In the third, mer- 
curial erethism comes on, and is not preceded by the symptoms of local 
irritation. The first variety arises from the more soluble salts of mercury, 
in large doses ; the second, from the same preparations, but in smaller doses 
and more diluted ; the third, by the more insoluble and refractory com- 
pounds. 

Morbid Appearances. — These are similar to those attendant on irritative 
or corrosive poisoning. There are, frequently, shrivelling of the tongue, 
and enlargement of its papillae and root. In some cases, red and black spots 
in the cavities of the heart. Corrosion, ulceration, and disorganization of 
the mucous coat of the stomach and intestines. An inflamed condition of 
the urinary organs is also frequently observed. 

Tests. — Corrosive sublimate in a solid state : Is sublimed when heated in 
a test-tube ; and the acrimonious fumes speedily condense into a crystalline, 
semi-transparent mass. Placed in a test-tube, and lime water, potassa, or 
soda, added in solution, a yellow (peroxide of mercury) precipitate is 
thrown down. 

In solution : Ammonia throws down a white (ammonio-chloride of mercury) 
precipitate. Solution of proto-chloride of tin affords a (calomel) precipitate, 
which, at first, is white, but acquires a leaden color on adding more of the 
test ; when this precipitate (after being well agitated) is dried, minute globules 
of quicksilver are formed. Transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen produces 
a (sulphuret of mercury) precipitate, which at first is leaden-colored, then 
black. Solution of iodide of potassium affords an intensely brilliant scarlet 
(biniodide of mercury) precipitate, which dissolves in an excess of the test. 
Corrosive sublimate may be reduced to the metallic state through galvanic 
influence, applied as follows: A drop of the suspected fluid being laid on a 
piece of polished gold, and both it and the gold touched at the same instant 
by a point of iron (as a thick needle, or the end of a penknife), a small 
silvery coating of mercur}- soon becomes apparent on the gold. Being freely 
soluble in sulphuric ether, addition of this fluid is of much service when the 
poison is found mingled with organic or other matters. 






i 



MORPHIA. — TIN". 699 

The Cyanide : When heated in a tube, cyanogen gas is evolved, which, 
when inflamed at the mouth, burns with a rose-red flame, with a blue halo. 

Calomel : Is sublimed by heat. When treated with potassa, or lime water, 
it assumes a black appearance, mercurous oxide being separated. 

The Biniodide : On cautious application of heat, it sublimes in red-colored 
crystals, which soon change to yellow, and subsequently to a dusky hue. 
On exposure to a sufficient degree of heat, iodine fumes are disengaged. 
When mixed with potassa (equal weights) and heated in a test-tube, decom- 
position occurs ; metallic mercury being sublimed, and iodide of potassium 
deposited in the tube. 

Red Precipitate: Exposed to heat in a test-tube, metallic mercury is 
sublimed ; evolution of oxygen being at the same time demonstrable. 

The Persulphate : Treated in the same manner as the foregoing, sublima- 
tion of the mercury takes place ; and sulphurous acid gas is perceptibly 
evolved. 

Treatment. — If vomiting does not already exist, it must be produced by 
the exhibition of emetics. "Various antidotes have been suggested for this 
poison. The best appears to be albumen of eggs in continuous large doses, 
and infusion of catechu afterwards ; sweet milk ; mixtures of flour with 
water (for the sake of the gluten) in successive cupfuls ; iron filings ; emetics 
of tartrate of antimony and potassium have been recommended, to combat 
ptyalism, when present ; but to check excessive salivation, small doses of 
the chlorate of potassium appear to be the most successful. 

The Irvdrated proto-sulphuret of iron has been proposed by Mialhe, and 
confirmed by Orfila, who says, if it be taken immediately after the ingestion 
of the corrosive sublimate, it destroys completely the poisonous properties 
of the latter. 

Morphia. See Vegetable Poisons. Opium. 

Nux Yomica. Bee Vegetable Poisons. 

Opium. See Vegetable Poisons. 

Phosphorus. — A corrosive poison. 

Symptoms are protracted in their appearance. A hot alliaceous taste in 
i the mouth ; acrid burning sensation in the throat and stomach ; nausea and 
vomiting. The vomited matters are of a dark color, and emit white fumes ; 
1 pulse small and frequent ; sometimes violent convulsions. 

Morbid Appearances. — A general inflammatory appearance of the stomach 
and intestines, with sphacelated spots in various parts. 

Tests. — The peculiarity of its odor ; its highly inflammable propert}^, when 
only moderate^ heated, and, when rubbed on the skin, its property of render- 
ing the latter luminous in the dark. 

Treatment Mixture of magnesia and cold water, in repeated draughts. 

1 ' Promote continuous vomiting by tickling applications of a feather to the 
■ fauces. The exhibition of oil is injurious, as it tends to dissolve the 
phosphorus. 

if Strychnia. See Narcotico-irritants, under the head of Vegetable Poisons. 

Ill Tin. — This is not poisonous in a metallic state ; but some of its salts, as 
the chlorides, are violent irritants. 

ie | Symptoms. — An austere metallic taste ; constriction of the throat, impeded 
respiration, violent vomiting, cramp of the stomach and violent colic, purging, 
pulse small and quick, convulsions, sometimes paralysis, asphyxia. 



700 VEGETABLE POISONS. — OPIUM. 

Morbid Appearances. — Inflammation and erosion of the stomach and in- 
testines. 

Tests. — Chloride of gold gives a deep purple-brown, almost black precipi- 
tate. Nitrate of silver affords a white precipitate, insoluble in nitric acid. 
Sulphuretted hydrogen throws down a deep chocolate-brown precipitate, even 
in diluted solutions. 

Treatment. — Copious draughts of milk ; then excite vomiting. Inflam- 
matory symptoms to be combated by antiphlogistics, and nervous irritation 
by opiates and antispasmodics. 

Vegetable Poisons. — These are very numerous, and possessed of the 
most different qualities ; some being mere irritants, others narcotic irritants 
— whilst another class are pure narcotics. 

Irritants. — This includes a great number of vegetable substances, the 
principal of which are Aloes, Arum, Capsicum, Colocynth, Creasote, 
Croton Seeds, Elaterium, Euphorbium, Gamboge, Jalap, Mezereon, 
Castor Seeds, Savin, Scammony, etc. 

Symptoms. — Many of these articles act especially on the bowels, and in 
moderate doses are efficaciously used as purgatives. In large doses, they 
cause hypercatharsis, and much irritation of the stomach and bowels. 

Morbid Appearances. — These are various degrees of inflammation of the 
stomach and bowels. 

Tests. — N one by means of reagents. The rich yellow color of gamboge 
may sometimes prove a means of its detection ; and familiar acquaintance 
with others of the above substances may lead to their recognition by smell, 
taste, etc. 

Treatment. — The expulsion of the poison by means of emetics, and, when 
this is effected, copious demulcent drinks in a warm state ; succeeded by 
liquid cordial, stimulant, or opiate medicines suited to particular circum- 
stances. 

Narcotics. — This is a small class of the vegetable poisons, the most im- 
portant of which are Opium, Hydrocyanic Acid (see page 689), and Hyos- 
cyamus. 

Opium. 

Symptoms. — A dark, suffused countenance, drowsiness, stupor, perfect 
insensibility, followed by delirium or profound coma ; then a pallid counte- 
nance, deep and stertorous breathing, cold sweats, slow and full pulse, cold 
and livid skin, suspension of all the secretions except perspiration ; at length, 
the pulse becomes frequent, feeble, and thread-like ; and, sometimes, convul- 
sions, particularly in children. 

Morbid Appearances. — Occasionally redness of ^the stomach and intestines, 
fluidity of the blood, engorgement of the lungs ; but the only post-mortem 
appearance that appears to occur in all cases is turgescence of the vessels of 
the brain, sometimes with effusion of water on its surface or into the ventri- 
cles. But this condition of the brain does not furnish of itself any evidence 
of poisoning by opium, as it is frequently found to arise from a variety of 
other causes. 

Tests. — Opium in substance: its peculiar taste, color, and odor (especially 
the latter quality when arising from opium in a softened or moist state, and 
more so if it be moderately heated; as when just obtained from the 
Stomach). 

In solution : Tincture of the chloride of iron produces a (meconite of iron) 
red coloration, which is not changed on the addition of solution of corrosive 



HYOSCYAMUS. 701 

sublimate, but is discharged by hydrochloric acid. Tannic acid yields a 
white (tannate of morphia) precipitate. 

When the suspected fluid has been procured from the stomach, it usually 
contains a mixture of organic substances ; these must be broken down, and 
the whole rendered sufficiently fluid by the addition of distilled water when 
necessary, and then be slightly acidulated with acetic acid. The liquor thus 
obtained, when well agitated, and filtered, must be evaporated to consistence 
of syrup. And, after being digested with alcohol, it must be boiled, and 
again concentrated to nearly the consistence of syrup. When this alcoholic 
extract (as it has been called) is dissolved in distilled water, the solution of 
ammonia, cautiously added, produces a precipitate of morphia, which acquires 

. a deep-red color changing to yellow, when nitric acid is dropped into it, and 
a blue color on the addition of tincture of chloride of iron. When the last 
named precipitate is removed by filtration, and acetate of lead added to the 

. supernatant (meconate of ammonium) liquor, a {meconate of lead) deposit is 
afforded ; which, when suspended in water, is decomposed by the transmis- 
sion of sulphuretted hydrogen ; a dark precipitate being thereby thrown down. 
The fluid remaining from this last process acquires a deep cherry-red hue on 

j the addition of the tincture of chloride of iron. 

Morphia in the solid state: Is only slightly soluble in water. Nitric acid 
turns it first to an orange, and then to a deep orange-red color. Chloride of 
iron gives a blue color, which is destroyed by acids. Iodic acid is decom- 
posed by morphia, and iodine is set free. To show this, the acid is to be 
mixed with starch ; on the addition of morphia the iodine combines with the 
starch, which becomes of a blue color, if the quantity be large, or of a reddish 
or purplish tint, if it be small. 

Treatment. — The stomach to be evacuated by means of the stomach-pump, 

i as speedily as possible. This is to be pursued until the water used no longer 

j has the smell or taste of opium. When a stomach-pump cannot be procured, 

. or if the patient shall have swallowed solid opium, emetics of sulphate of 
zinc should be administered, until the stomach is freed ; strong decoctions of 
tea or coffee, or other vegetable astringents, are found useful in the intervals. 
Cold affusions on the head, chest, and spine have been used with great suc- 

t \ cess, and the subcutaneous injection of atropia has been recommended. 
Flagellation and other means of arousing the patient from a state of lethargy 
must also be employed. Bleeding should not be resorted to until all the 
poison has been eliminated, as the abstraction of blood tends to promote 
. absorption, * and, even then, with much caution. The administration of 
vinegar is also objectionable. The best liquid that can be given is a strong 
. decoction of coffee. The various antidotes that have been recommended are 
useless. 

The evidence, in favor of the successful employment of artificial respira- 
tion in cases that were apparently desperate, has become so strong and un- 
questionable, that no practitioner is justifiable in abandoning his case until 
this measure has been faithfully tried. Active stimulation is often required. 



Hyoscyamus. 

Symptoms. — Sickness, stupor, dimness of sight, and delirium, followed by 
coma and much dilatation of the pupils ; pulse at first hard, but becoming 
i weak and tremulous ; petechia? often making their appearance before death. 

Morbid Appearances Inflammation of the stomach, bowels, and brain. 

Tests. — There are no tests that can be relied upon, except a recognition 
of the plant, and the nature of the symptoms. 

Treatment. — The speedy evacuation of the poison, by means of emetics 
and purgatives, and the subsequent use of acidulous drinks. 

The propriety of the latter recommendation has been doubted, notwith- 



702 NARCOTIC O-IREIT ANTS. 

standing the high European authority in its favor, because the use of acidu- 
lous drinks will result in the formation of soluble salts with the remnants of 
the Iryoscyamia that may be in the stomach ; thereby adding- to the danger. 
The free use of vegetable astringents in solution has been suggested instead. 

Narcotico-Irritants. — These are very closely allied in their effects to the 
last class, but have a more direct action on the spinal marrow and nerves 
as shown by the more frequent occurrence of convulsions and paralysis 
They differ much from each other in their action on the system ; most of 
them, however, owing their properties to the presence of an alkaloidal prin 
ciple. The most important are : Digitalis, veratrum, conium, colchicum 

LOBELIA, ACONITUM, BELLADONNA, STRAMONIUM, TABACUM, NUX VOMICA, etc. 

Symptoms These are various, but, in general, vertigo, coma, delirium 

paralysis, or convulsions, with disturbance and pain in the stomach and 
intestines, are observed. Those belonging to the nux vomica tribe have 
marked effects on the spinal marrow, causing tetanus and convulsions, but 
seldom coma or delirium ; whilst, on the other hand, squill and foxglove 
produce symptoms of narcotism, preceded by vomiting, and other signs of 
irritant action on the stomach. 

Morbid Appearances. — These, like the symptoms, are very various. In 
some cases, there is inflammation of the stomach and intestines ; in others, 
this is wholly wanting. Where there have been symptoms of cerebral dis- 
turbance, traces of congestion of the brain are usually discernible, but are 
not found in every ease. 

Tests. — Most of these poisons, as before said, owe their deleterious powers 
to the presence of an alkaloidal principle, which is exceedingly difficult to 
detect by chemical tests ; hence the strongest evidence is to be derived from 
an inspection of the fragments of the plant itself, if it has been administered 
in substance; but this mode of discrimination fails where the poison has 
been taken in the form of extract, infusion, or decoction. In such cases, the 
only reliance is on the symptoms and concomitant circumstances. 

Conia, the active principle of conium, when liberated from its combinations 
by potassa, is volatile, and exhales a strong mouse-like or urinous odor. 
With the vapor of muriatic acid, it forms dense white fumes. The odor of 
conia is so characteristic, that it can scarcely be confounded with any other 
poisonous agent. 

Yeratria affords a reddish-yellow solution with nitric acid, an intensely-red 
one with concentrated sulphuric acid, and a white precipitate with tannic 
acid. When applied to the nose, it causes severe sneezing. 

Brucia (found in the seeds of the nux vomica) is colored red by nitric- 
acid, and this color changes to violet by the addition of protochloride of tin. 
With chlorine it gives a red color. Sulphuric acid first reddens brucia, and 
then turns it yellow and green. 

Pure strychnia (also found in the nux vomica) may be recognized by 
rubbing a small portion with a few drops of sulphuric acid, containing one- 
hundredth of its weight of nitric acid. No change ensues ; but the addition 
of a very small quantity of the peroxide of lead, or of bichromate of potas- 
sium, changes the solution to a blue color, then to a red, and in the course 
of a few hours to a yellow color. Commercial strychnia sometimes affords 
a red color, changing to a yellow, with nitric acid, owing to the presence of 
brucia. 

Treatment. — This consists in the prompt use of emetics, or the stomach- 
pump, followed by the administration of purgatives. No general antidote 
can be relied upon; but, as tannic acid precipitates these alkaloids, the free 
use of decoctions or infusions containing it may be resorted to with advan- 



TABLE OF POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 



703 



tage ; or animal charcoal may be freely administered for its absorbent 
qualities. 

In poisoning by nux vomica and str}*chnia, the inhalation of chloroform 
will in a measure control the spasms ; aconite and chloral have been recom- 
mended as antidotes, and the subcutaneous injection of Calabar bean has been 
found advantageous. 

Zinc. — This has no poisonous properties in a metallic state, but several 
of its salts possess active powers. Of these, the sulphate or white vitriol is 
the most common, and therefore the most likely to occasion unpleasant con- 
sequences. 

Symptoms. — Pain in the abdomen, violent vomiting and diarrhoea, quick 
pulse, paleness and contraction of the features, coldness of the extremities. 
There is always a very austere taste in the mouth. 

Morbid Appearances. — Marks of imflammation in the stomach and intes- 
tines. 

Tests. — Ammonia gives a white precipitate, soluble in an excess of the 
alkali. Chromate of potassium affords an orange-red deposit, the chromate 
of zinc. 

Treatment The free exhibition of warm water with milk, albumen, mag- 
nesia, etc. Infusions containing tannic acid. Where the poison has entered 
the bowels, emollient clysters are to be given. 



The following table, from Taylor "On Poisons," gives a succinct view 
of the most approved antidotes for the several poisons noticed in the fore- 
going pages : — 



Mineral Acids. 



Vegetable 
Acids. 



Salts. 



Alkalies. 



Salts. 



Non-Metallic 
Poisons. 

Sulphuric, 

Nitric, 

Muriatic, 

Nitro-Muriatic, 
" Oxalic, 

Tartaric, 

Binoxalate of potas- 
sium, 

Bitartrate of potas- 
sium, 

Potassa, soda, am- 
monia, and their 
carbonates, 

Baryta and its solu- 
ble salts, 

Carbonate of barium, 

Alum, 



Poisons. 

Antidotes. 
Magnesia mixed with water or 

milk; carbonate of calcium; 

compound chalk powder ; soda, 

potassa ; the fixed oils. 
Carbonate of calcium. (Chalk or 

whiting.) 
Carbonate of calcium. Sulphate 

of calcium, and water. 
Carbonate of sodium in solution. 

Vinegar, lemon juice, citric acid, 
oil. 

Sulphate of sodium, potassium,' 
magnesium or calcium. 

Mixture of sulphate of magnesium 
and vinegar. 

Carbonate of sodium or ammo- 
nium. 



Metallic Poisons. 

( Hydrated per-oxide of iron; hy- 
< drated magnesia. 
( Mixture of oil and lime water. 
Corrosive sublimate and salts of mer- ? Albumen, gluten, or flour diffused 



Arsenic and soluble arsenites. 



cury. 



in water: milk. 



704 



TABLE OF POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 



Poisons. 
Soluble salts of lead. 

Carbonate of lead. 

Soluble salts of copper. 

Tartar emetic. 

Chloride of antimony. 
Salts of tin. 

Sulphate or acetate of zinc. 

Sulphate of iron. 
Nitrate of silver. 

Opium ; h yoscyamus. 
Prussic acid. 



Antidotes. 
(The alkaline, or soluble earthy 
( sulphates. 

( Sulphate of magnesium and vine- 
X gar. 

( Albumen, gluten, flour diffused in 
( water; milk. 

( Decoctions and tinctures contain- 
< ing tannic acid. 
( Magnesia. 

Carbonate of sodium ; magnesia. 
J Milk ; carbonate of sodium ; mag- 
( nesia. 

( Milk ; carbonate of sodium ; mag- 
\ nesia. 

C Carbonate of sodium or ammo- 
( nium. 

Chloride of sodium. 



Narcotic Poisons. 



( Emetics ; stomach pump ; cold affu- 

■^ sion. Strong decoction of coffee; 

( electro-magnetism ; tannic acid. 

Ammonia ; chlorine ; cold affusion. 

Modes of Distinguishing some op the Yegetable Alkaloids, when in 

Powder. 

Treat the powder with nitric acid ; this is colored red by Brucia, Delphia, 
Morphia, and by the Strychnia of commerce, but not the pure. If the red- 
dened acid becomes violet on the addition of protochloride of tin, it is Brucia; 
if it becomes black and carbonaceous, it is Delphia,. If the powder is fusible 
without decomposition, and decomposes iodic acid, it is Morphia; if it is not 
fusible without decomposition, and does not decompose iodic acid, it is 
Strychnia. If the powder strikes a green with nitric acid, it is Solania ; if 
insoluble in ether, and does not redden nitric acid, it is Emetia ; if soluble 
in ether, does not redden nitric acid, but melts and volatilizes with heat, it 
is Atropia ; if thus affected by ether or nitric acid, but does not volatilize, 
it is Veratria. 



INDEX 



OF 



DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES 



Abscess. Lead ointment, 449. Lead cataplasm, 449. Caustic potassa, 452. 
Soap cataplasm, 515. 

Abscess, Mammary. Liniment acetate lead, 446. Oint. iod. potass, and 
morphia, 467. 

Acidity of Stomach. Ammonia, 122. Lime water and milk, 186. Pre- 
pared chalk, 183. Alkaline infusion cascarilla, 209. Milk and soda water, 
367. Magnesia mixt., 380. Carbonate potass., 458. Alkaline tincture 
rhubarb, 495. Purgative pastilles, 522. Carbonate sodium, 544. Loz- 
enges, soda, 541. 

Acne. Wash of benzoin, 174. Ointment of subacetate lead, 447. Com- 
pound powder sulphur, 562. 

Amaurosis. Ammoniac mixture, 120. Anemone, 136. Chloride of gold 
and sodium, 160. Comp. powder sulphate mercury, 344. Pills strychnia, 
557. Collyrium and liniment strychnia, 558. Powder white hellebore, 
582. 

Amenorrhea. Mixture of yarrow, 86. Hiera picra and other preparations 
of aloes, 108, 110, 196. Rufus's pills, 109. Injection ammonia, 122. 
Chloride of ammonium, 127. De Haen's pills, 120. Pills of ammoniac, 
119. Iodide of calcium, 185. Cantharides and savine, 197. Compound 
pills of columbo, 190. Mayweed, 252. Saffron, 254. Infusion dittany, 
257. Metallic iron, 278. Bolus metallic iron, 278. Ammoniated iron, 
279. Ointment bromide iron, 281. Pills carbonate iron, 281. Mixture 
chloride iron, 284. Lozenges iodide iron, 289. Ointment iodide iron, 
291. Black oxide iron, 294. Phosphate iron, 295. Sulphate iron, 297. 
Hooper's pills, 109, 297. Compound galbanum pills, 303. Compound 
infusion gentian, 308. Compound tincture guaiacum, 319. Ammoniated 
tincture guaiacum, 319. Infusion pennyroyal, 321. Bacher's pills, 322. 
Tincture black hellebore, 322. Compound pills iodide mercuiy, 339. 
Saturated tincture iodine, 351. Clyster iodine, 353. Oxide of manganese, 
386. Horehound, 388. Myrrh and sulphate iron, 405. Tincture myrrh 
and hellebore, 406. Madder, 500. Decoction madder, 501. Savine and 
ginger, 504. Savine pills, 504. Oil savine, 504. Seneka, 529. Com- 
pound infusion senna, 533. Mixture of borax, 543. 
I Anasarca. Calomel and squill, 335. Cream of tartar, 456. Mixture dan- 
delion, 570. 

Anesthetic Remedies. Sulphuric ether, 105. Chloroform, 223. 
Angina Pectoris. Assafetida and musk, 154. Succinate of ammonium, 130. 
Angina Syphilitic. Mercurial gargle, 327. 
Aphonia. Decoction arnica, 150. 

45 ( 705 ) 



706 APHTHAE. CALCULOUS AFFECTIONS. 

Aphtha. Decoction wild indigo, 16*7. Barberry, 174. New Jersey tea, 
214. Chlorine, 222. Infusion goldthread, 250. Collutory creasote, 253. 
Soot mouth-wash, 302. Collutory rhatany, 365. Mixture carbonate 
potassium, 460. Lozenges borax, 542. Collutory borax, 542. Honey 
borax, 543. 

Arsenic, Poisoning by. Hydrated oxide of iron, 293. Mixture of sul- 
phuret of potassium, 476. 

Ascarides. Suppository aloes, 111. Injection aloes, 112. Clyster southern- 
wood, 151. Assafetida and iron, 154. Clyster assafetida, 154. Clyster 
camphor, 194. Wormseed, 220. Compound tincture tartrate of iron, 28*7. 
Mixture of rue, 503. Mixture senna, 533. Infusion tansy, 568. 

Ascites. Electuary Per. bark and iron, 230. Colocynth mixture, 243. Pill, 
foxglove, 265. Foxglove and tartaric acid, 266. Elaterium mixture, 
210. Gamboge mixture, 306. Black sulphuret of mercury, 344. Cream 
of tartar, 455. Mixture dandelion, 570. 

Asthma. Ammoniac pill, 119. Ammoniac mixture, 120. Assafetida mix- 
ture, 154. Benzoin, 173. Catalpa, 212. Coffee, 237. Hypodermic injec- 
tion conia, 246. Tincture larkspur, 263. Pill foxglove, 265. Skunk cab- 
bage, 268. Galbanum mixture, 303. Henbane and squill, 348. Mixture 
elecampane, 350. Oymel elecampane, 351. Ipecacuanha and soda, 355. 
Ipecacuanha and nitre, 355. Ipecacuanha and foxglove, 356. Tincture 
lobelia, 377. Opium and foxglove, 420. Opium and castor, 421. Solu- 
tion cyanide potass., 463. Scillitic acetate potassium, 453. Mixture of 
carbonate potassium, 460. Crowfoot, 489. Mixture extract elder berries, 
509. Squill and ammoniac, 523. Compound tincture squill and benzoin, 
525. Compound stramonium pills, 555. 

Atrophy. Mixture eggs, 430 

Bed Sores. Alum liniment, 118. Mixture of tincture camphor, 193. Car- 
bonate lead plaster, 448. Liniment and ointment tannate of lead, 450. 

Bladder, Diseases of. Benzoic acid, 89, and copaiba, 89. Gallic acid, 93. 
Benzoate ammonium, 125. Sal ammoniac draught, 128. Buchu, 179. 
Emulsion cantharides, 197. Electuary of cubebs, 255. Infusion of flax- 
seed, 375. Pareira brava, 433. Paullinia, 434. Mixture carbonate 
sodium and copaiba, 541. Couch grass, 575. Compound powder uva 
ursi, 576. 

Bones, Pains of. Decoction mezcreon, 395. Tincture acetate strychnia, 
558. 

Bronchitis. Inhalation, carbolic acid, 90. Tannic acid, 101. Anisated 
ammoniated alcohol, 124. Nitrate of silver, 146. Indian turnip, 152. 
Iodide calcium, 185. Colchicum mixture, 241. Creasote pills, 252. Mo- 
nesia, 397. Linctus opium, 424. Sumbul, 566. 

Bubo. Mercurial plaster, 330. Ointment iodoform, 354. Anodyne oint- 
ment, 423. Plaster acetate lead, 447. Lead ointment, 449. Lead cata- 
plasm, 449. 

Burns, Scalds. Carbolic acid, 91. Ointment wild indigo, 167. Lotion 
benzoin, 174. Ointment of tannin and bismuth, 176. Solution chlorinated 
lime, 188. Lime water and oil, 186. Compound creasote ointment, 253. 
Carded cotton, 314. Cerate cherry-laurel, 371. Liniment of lime, 186. 
Kentish's ointment, 415. Liniment eggs, 431. Basilicon ointment, 489. 

Calculous Affections. Draught muriatic acid, 96. Phosphate of am- 
monium, 129. Lime water and carbonate potassium, 186. Peruvian 
bark, 226. Wild potato, 247. Mixture Prussian blue, 288. Nitrate of 



CALCULI, BILIARY. — CHANCRE. 707 

iron, 292. Magnesia and gentian, 380. Solution nitro-saccharate lead, 
450. Solution caustic potassa, 452. Borate of potassium, 357. Mixture 
bicarbonate potassium, 465. Pills carbonate sodium, 545. Lozenges bi- 
carbonate sodium, 541. Injection carbonate sodium, 545. Uva ursi, 5*16. 

Calculi, Biliary. Turpentine and ether, 414. 

Cancer. Arsenical powder, 88. Solution of arsenic, 88. Carbolic acid 
lotion, 91. Chromic acid, 92. Injection alum, 118. Acetate ammonium, 
124. Iodide arsenic, 150. Chloride gold, 160. Chloride barium, 168. 
Compound pills belladonna, 171. Extract marigold, 189. Liniment mari- 
gold, 189. Carrot ointment, 207. Hemlock, 244. Cataplasm hemlock, 246. 
Arseniate of iron, 280. Phosphate iron, 296. Compound soot ointment, 
302. Hop ointment, 326. Iodoform, 354. Infusion cherry-laurel, 370. 
Ointment cherry-laurel, 371. Ointment turpentine, 572. Ointment car- 
bonate lead, 447. Ointment chloride lead, 448. Lotion chloride lead, 448. 
Ointment iodide potass, and opium, 467. Solution chlorinated soda, 539. 
Chloride zinc, 586. 

Cancrum Oris. Pyroligneous acid, 88. Solution chlorate patassium, 461. 

Cardialgia. Oil of wormwood, 84. Mixture boracic acid, 90. Acetic 
ether, 104. Ammonia, 121. Lime water and potass., 186. Columbo and 
magnesia, 190. Ignatia, 340. Compound powder of kino, 363. Magne- 
sia mixture, 380. Nux vomica, 408. Rhubarb and chalk, 490. Carbo- 
nate sodium and rhubarb, 544. 

Caries. Phosphoric acid, 98. Creasote ointment, 253. 

Cataract. Anemone, 135. Solution of atropia, 157. 

Catarrh. Carbolized ether, 90. Gum mixture, lozenges, etc., 84. Mix- 
ture benzoic acid, 89. Infusion and syrup of maidenhair, 104. Hy- 
drocyanic ether, 105. Garlic, 107. Marshmallow, 114. Ammoniac 
mixture, 120. Ammoniac and nitric acid, 120. Ammoniated anisated 
alcohol, 124. Almond emulsion, 133. Starch lozenges, 135. Lozenges 
kermes mineral, 141. Mixture kermes mineral, 141. Tronchin's lozenges, 
141. Tartar emetic and opium, 143. Arum, 152. Syrup asparagus, 153. 
Butter cacao, 181. Catechu and liquorice, 213. Powder spermaceti, 217. 
Spermaceti mixture, 217. Mixture bittersweet, 269.' Emetia lozenges, 
271. Barley sugar, 324. Prepared liquorice, 313. Mixture henbane, 347. 
Compound pills elecampane, 350. Mixture elecampane, 350. Compound 
oxymel elecampane, 351. Ipecacuanha lozenges, 356. Lozenges ipecacu- 
anha and camphor, 356. Sugar of milk and Iceland moss, 506. Loz- 
enges lactucarium, 369. Horehound syrup and candy, 389. Pectoral 
hydromel, 391. Mixture balsam Peru, 165. Myrrh and squill, 504. So- 
lution cyanide potassium, 463. Nitrate potassium and orris root, 471. 
Syrup red poppies, 496. Squill and ipecacuanha, 523. Seneka and prep., 
529-530. Sulphur and liquorice, 562. Sulphur and orris root, 562. Tur- 
pentine and myrrh, 571. Emulsion balsam tolu, 166. Mixture tolu and 
morphia, 166. Green hellebore, 583. Pastilles de Paris, 596. 

Cephalalgia. Mixture vinegar and cardamom, 86. Lotion ammonia, 123. 
Carbonate ammonium, 126. Asarabacca, 152. Ward's essence, 194. Cas- 
tor plaster, 212. Sneezewort, 321. Liniment oil amber, 561. Mixture 
valerian and ammonia, 579. Valerianate zinc, 592. 

Cerebral Affections. Clyster tartar emetic, 144. Horseradish, 148. 
Clyster colocynth, 243. Bolus of foxglove, 264. Infusion galiuin, 305. 
Mixture boro-tartrate potass., 457. Clyster common salt and arnica, 546. 

Chancre. Syrup gold, 160. Ointment gold, 160. Creasote lotion, 253. 
Mercurial lotion, 327. Mercurial liniment, 350. Black wash, 341. Yel- 
low wash, 342. 



708 CHAPS. — CONSTIPATION. 

Chaps. Glycerin, 312. Anodyne ointment, 423. Liniment carbonate 
potassium, 459. Cold cream, 133, 217. Ointment elder leaves, 509. 
Camphorated soap, 513. 

Chilblains. Muriatic acid lotion, 96. Sulphuric acid liniment, 100. 
Alum ointment, 119. Solution chloride lime, 186. Camphor ointment, 
195. Liniment of cantharides, 199. Tincture Cayenne pepper, 203. 
Compound ointment creasote, 253. Ointment henbane, 348. Lotion 
iodine, 352. Liniment balsam Peru, 164. Turpentine lotion, 413. Em- 
brocation petroleum, 435. Soap iodide potass., 468. Lotion carbonate 
potass., 460. Liniment pellitory, 479. Rose oil, 498. Mustard liniment, 
538. Borax ointment, 543. 

Chlorosis. Pills aloes and iron, 109. Barthez's pills, 111. De Haen's 
pills, 120. Metallic iron, 278. Compound powder metallic iron, 278. 
Pills metallic iron, 278. Bolus ammoniated iron, 280. Pills carbonate 
iron, 281. Tincture chloride iron, 283. Bath iodide iron, 291. Oxalate 
iron, 293. Black oxide iron, 294. Electuary black oxide iron, 294. Sul- 
phate iron, 297. Blaud's pills, 297. Syrup sulphate iron, 298. Tartrate 
of iron and potass., 286. Tannate iron, 298. Compound galbanum pills, 
303. Oxide manganese, 386. Chocolate with paullinia, 434. Compound 
rhubarb pills, 491. Decoction madder, 501. Compound powder valerian, 577. 

Cholera. Carbolic acid mixture, 91. Mixture nitric acid, 97. Liniment 
nitric acid, 97. Compound bismuth powder, 175. Camphor powder and 
mixture, 191-193. Extract hemp, 196. Infusion logwood, 320. Sugar 
milk draught, 506. Opium and acetate lead, 420. Compound pill acetate 
lead, 444. Mixture bicarbonate potassium, 455. Stevens's saline powder, 
461. Plaster sulphate quinia, 488. 

Cholera Infantum. Logwood, 320. Milk and suet, 367. Acetate lead, 
444. Infusion benne, 536. 

Chorea. Arsenic, 150. Ammoniated copper, 259. Carbonate iron, 281. 
Mixture Dippel's animal oil, 409. Calabar bean, 437. Mixture cyanide 
potass., 463. Oxide zinc, 589. Ethereal tincture chloride zinc, 587. 
Ferro-cyanide zinc, 588. Black snakeroot, 225. 

Colic. Alkaline tincture wormwood, 83. Anise, 137. Dewees's carmina- 
tive, 156, 381. Clyster assafetida, 154. Infusion carawa}^, 207. Embro- 
cation caraway, 208. Clove plaster, 208. Infusion catnep, 212. Infusion 
cinnamon, 234. Infusion fennel, 300. Oil pennyroyal, 321. Oil laurel, 
370. Mace, 379. Dalby's carminative, 381. Plaster opium and camphor, 
422. Opium liniment, 422. Cataplasm black pepper, 440. Emulsion 
carbonate potassium, 459. Tincture rhubarb and gentian, 494. Com- 
pound sagapenum pills, 507. Terebinthinate balsam sulphur, 563. Infu- 
sion tobacco, 567. Clyster turpentine, 571. Turpentine mixture, 572. 
Ginger, 593. Spice plaster, 594. 

Colica Pictonum. Sulphuretted water, 95. Sulphuric acid lemonade, 99. 
Alum mixture, 118. Alum julep, 118. Liniment belladonna, 172. Elec- 
tuary of jalap, 360. Opium and sulphur, 419. Opium and cinnamon 
water, 426. 

Condylomata. Lotion corrosive sublimate and camphor, 333. Bed oxide 
mercury, 342. 

Constipation. Acetic acid clyster, 87. Preparations aloes, 108. Assa- 
fetida and aloes, 94. Mitchell's pills, 109. Anderson's pills, 109. Web- 
ster's pills, 109. Morrison's pills, 109. Griffitt's pills, 492. Tartar 
emetic clyster, 144. Pills of aloes and assafetida, 108. Charcoal electu- 
ary, 205. Tills elaterium, 270. Extract butternut, 361. Compound 
pills buckbean, S95. Glycerite of Calabar bean, 438. Compound rhubarb 



CONTUSIONS. — CUTANEOUS DISEASES. 709 

pills, 491. Rhubarb and ox gall, 492. Senna, 531. Compound solution 
sulphate of sodium, 548. Rochelle salt, 464. Compound powder sulphur, 
562. Clyster turpentine, 571. 

Contusions. Sulph. acid and alcohol, 99. Lotion sal ammoniac, 127. 
Liniment sal ammoniac, 12.8. Arnica and rue, 150. Lotion sulphate 
copper, 261. Cataplasm hops, 326. Arquebusade water, 394. Compound 
spirit nutmeg, 405. Fomentation carbonate potass., 459. Lotion nitrate 
potass., 412. Wine and vinegar of roses, 499. Aromatic fomentation, 
401. Aromatic vinegar, 87. Opodeldoc, 514. Soap liniment, 514. 
Fomentation common salt, 546. Turpentine liniment, 5*71. 

Convulsions. Garlic, 10 7. Assafetida mixture, 154. Monobromated cam- 
phor, 195. Powder of foxglove, 264. Musk clyster, 402. Liniment oil 
amber, 561. 

Cornea, Affections of. Aloes, 108. Anemone, 135. Ointment cyanide 
silver, 146. Ointment iodide silver, 146. Ointment sulphate cadmium, 
182. Powder calomel and sugar, 335. Compound ointment cod-liver oil, 
411. Collyrium caustic potass., 452. Collyrium carbonate potass., 459. 

Corns. Plaster ammonia, 123. Verdigris ointment, 258. Verdigris plas- 
ter, 258. Lotion iodine, 352. 

Coryza. Lozenges cubebs, 255. Injection opium, 424. 

Cough. Mixture gum Arabic, 84. Jackson's cough syrup, 85, 596. Hydro- 
cyanic ether, 105. Marshmallow, 114. Ammoniac, 119. Almond emul- 
sion, 133. Green linctus, 133. White linctus, 133. Tartar emetic, 142. 
Antimonial wine and ammoniac, 145. Assafetida and squill, 155. Cam- 
phorated cough mixture, 195. Tincture cochineal, 236. Mixture quince 
seeds, 262. Liquorice, 313. Wistar's cough lozenges, 313. Barley sugar, 
324. Powder of ipecacuanha and myrrh, 355. Lactucarium, 368. Syrup 
of muriate of morphia, 400. Lozenges of naphthalin, 407. ' Brown 
cough mixture, 314. Opiate linctus, 428. Wistar's lozenges, 429. Pec- 
toral syrup, 432. Squill,' 522. Seneka and prep., 529. Storax, 559. 
Mixture oil amber, 561. Linctus with sulphur, 663. Mixture tolu and 
belladonna, 166. Oxide zinc, 589. Jackson's lozenges, 596. Pastilles de 
Paris, 596. 

Cramp in the Stomach. Ammoniated tincture of castor, 211. Ferro- 
cyanide zinc, 588. 

Croup. Inhalation, carbolic acid, 90. Lactic acid, 96. Carbonate am- 
monium ointment, 127. Sulphuretted syrup, 130. Sulphate copper, 260. 
Syrup sulphuret potass., 475. Compound syrup sulphuret potass., 475. 
Mixture sulphuret potass., 476. Compound syrup squill, 524. Oxymel 
squill and valerian, 526. Mixture seneka, 530. Cataplasm tobacco, 567. 

Cutaneous Diseases. Carbolic acid, 90. Hydrosulphuretted bath, 95. 
Muriatic acid bath, 96. Sulphurous acid, 100. Lotion alum, 118. Arse- 
niate ammonium, 125. Iodide ammonium, 128. Sulphuretted sulphide 
ammonium, 130. Sulphuret antimony, 140. Lotion tartar emetic, 144. 
Iodide arsenic,. 150. Donovan's solution, 151. Chloride barium, 168. 
Ointment subnitrate bismuth, 176. Solution bromine, 178. Lime oint- 
ment, 186. Anthracokali, 205. Ointment iodide carbon, 206. Creasote 
ointment, 253. Decoction bittersweet, 269. Extract bittersweet, 269. 
Mixture soot, 301. Fuligokali, 302. Decoction guaiacum, 317. Guaiacum 
and sulphur, 318. Compound mercurial powder, 326. Solution acetate 
mercury, 331. Ointment white precipitate, 331. Bateman's lotion, 329. 
Plummer's pills, 336. Calomel ointment, 337. Ointment red iodide mer- 
cury, 339. Ointment nitrate mercury, 340. Ointment sulphate mercury, 
344. Black sulphuret mercury, 344. Red sulphuret mercury, 345. Oil 



710 DEAFNESS. — DIAEEH(EA. 

of cade, 363. Compound decoction mezereon, 396. Cod-liver oil, 410. 
Phosphorated cerate, 437. Burgundy pitch, 441. Tar water, 442. Lotion 
cyanide potass., 463. Ointment iodide potass, and mercury, 46 7. Iodu- 
retted water, 468. Sulphuret potass., 414. Lotion sulphuret potass., 475. 
Barlow's lotion, 476. Mixture sulphuret potass., 476. Aromatic bath, 
499. Extract elder berries, 509. Sarsaparilla, 516. Ointment bromide 
sodium, 544. Sulphuret sodium, 549. Arseniate sodium, 540. Soda and 
ipecacuanha, 544. Ointment carbonate sodium, 545. Hyposulphite 
sodium, 547. Compound pills sulphate sodium, 548. Lotion sulphate 
sodium, 549. Sulphur and cream of tartar, 562. Poison oak, 573. De- 
coction elm bark, 575. Decoction white hellebore, 582. Iodide zinc, 588. 
Arsenical pills, 89. Lotion of hydrocyanic acid, 94. Hydrosulphnretted 
bath, 95. Ointment of nitric acid, 97. Goulard's lotion, 132. Safflower, 
207. Glycerin, 312. Ethereal tincture of iodine, 351. Chloride of man- 
ganese, 385. Fowler's solution, 454. Mixture of iodine and arsenic, 454. 
Di-arsenite of quinia, 482. Zittman's decoction, 517. Syrup of Laffec- 
teur, 519. Iodide of sulphur, 565. 

Deafness. Cayenne pepper lozenges, 202. Acoustic balsam, 595. Injec- 
tion caustic potassa, 452. 

Debility. Preparations cacao, 180. Hypophosphites, 185. Camphor mix- 
ture, 193. Wines, etc, cinchona, 232. Elixirs of cinchona, 597. Harts- 
horn jelly, 251. Preparations iron, 277. Barley meal, 324. Clyster eggs, 
430. Mixture eggs, 430. Chocolate and paullinia, 434. 

Delirium Tremens. Bromide ammonium, 125. Bromide calcium, 183. 
Chloral hydrate, 222. Tincture digitalis, 266. Opium and musk, 420. 
Laudanum and tartar emetic, 429. 

Diabetes. Gallic acid, 93. Phosphoric acid, 98. Hydrosulphuret am- 
monia, 130. Compound pills ammoniated copper, 260. Compound pills 
kino, 364. Pills acetate morphia, 398. Carbonate potassium and ammo- 
nium, 463. Sulphur mixture, 563. 

Diarrhoea. Gallic acid, 93. Tannic acid, 100. Acetate aluminum, 115. 
Alum, 116. Angustura, 137. Mixture chamomile, 139. Antimonial 
wine and laudanum, 145. Arnica, 149. Dewees's Carminative, 156. Sub- 
nitrate bismuth, 175. Tannate bismuth, 176. Clyster bistort, 177. Com- 
pound powder chalk, 183. Lozenges chalk, 184. Chalk mixture, 184. 
Columbo, 191-192. Camphor water and laudanum, 192. Camphor water 
and nitric acid, 193. Compound cascarilla powder, 209. Catechu, 212. 
Chlorine clyster, 222. Peruvian bark and rhatany, 229. Electuary Peru- 
vian bark, 230. Infusion columbo and ginger, 190. Columbo and cas- 
carilla, 191. Creasote mixture, 252. Sulphate copper, 260. Electuary 
sulphate copper, 261. Wine persimmons, 268. Infusion black purslane, 
276. Mixture ammoniated iron, 280. Persesquinitrate iron, 292. Com- 
pound infusion galls, 305. Syrup galls, 305. Geranium, 310. Compound 
powder of avens, 312. Decoction pomegranate rind, 316. Infusion log- 
wood, 320. Electuary logwood, 320. Compound powder kino, 363. Electu- 
ary kino, 364. Compound powder rhatany, 364. Syrup sweet gum bark, 
376. Monesia, 397. Injection acetate morphia, 398. Opium and chalk, 
419. Roasted opium, 419. Plaster opium and camphor, 422. Mixture 
wine of opium, 426. Sedative mixture, 426, 433. Bolus allspice, 438. 
Acetate lead, 444. Acetate lead mixture, 445. Decoction oak bark, 481. 
Confection acorns, 481. Roasted rhubarb, 491. Rhubarb mixture, 495. 
Confection dog rose, 497. Electuary roses, 498. Decoction blackberry 
root, 501. Infusion benne, 536. Hardhack, 552. Compound turpentine 
plaster, 572. Tormentil, 573. Infusion slippery elm, 576. Mixture of 



DIPHTHERIA. — DTSMENOEEH(EA. 711 

gum Arabic, 84. Subnitrate of bismuth, 115. Columbo and salep, 191. 
Sweet fern, 294. Oil of ergot, 273. Tincture of gentian, 310. Avens, 
311. Barley, 324. Magnesia and rhubarb, 380. Marsh rosemary, 554. 

Diphtheria. Gargle, carbolic acid, 91. Creasote, 253. Chloride iron, 284. 
Chlorate potassium, 401. 

Disinfection. Prophylactic vinegar, 87. Carbolic acid, 90-91. Gaseous 
muriatic acid, 96. Chloride of lime, 188. Chlorine, 222. Solution chlo- 
ride of potass., 461. Permanganate of potassium, 473. Solution chloride 
soda, 539. 

Dropsy. Indian hemp, 196. Infusion and syrup horseradish, 158. Com 
pound spirit and infusion horseradish, 149. Decoction asparagus, 153 
Extract asparagus, 153. Chloride gold and sodium, 160. Hairy hore 
hound, 164. Wine bryony, 179. Camphorated ethereal tincture cantha 
rides, 199. Vinegar cayenne pepper, 203. Infusion carrot seeds, 207 
Celandine, 219. Pipsissewa, 220. Black snakeroot, 225. Vinegar colchicum 
239. Colchicum and squill, 241. Horsebalm, 242. Colocynth, 242. Pow 
dered foxglove, 264. Pills foxglove, 265. Infusion foxglove, 265. Elaterium 
270. Canada fleabane, 274. Gamboge, 306. Black hellebore, 321 
Bacher's pills, 321. Compound wine black hellebore, 322. Jalap and 
cream of tartar, 359. Compound powder jalap, 359. Compound infusion 
juniper, 362. Preparations juniper, 362. Mustard whey, 537. Aromatic 
tincture lettuce, 369. Starkey's soap, 415. Embrocation petroleum, 435. 
Mixture petroleum, 435. Infusion parsley root, 436. Solution iodide 
potassium, 466. Scillitic acetate potassium, 453. Liquid acetate potass- 
ium, 453. Mixture acetate potassium, 454. Borotartrate potassium, 457. 
Nitrate potassium and squill, 471. Mixture nitrate potassium, 472. Cream 
of tartar, 455. Tartrate potassium and ammonium, 464. Decoction elder 
bark, 509. Confection scammony, 521. Squill, 522. Squill and nitrate 
potassium, 523. Squill and cream of tartar, 523. Infusion and decoction 
broom, 528. Acetate sodium, 529. Solution carbonate sodium, 544. Pills 
tobacco, 566. Wine tobacco, 566. Decoction dandelion, 569. Extract 
dandelion, 569. Electuary turpentine, 571. Veratria, 580. Sweet spirit 
of nitre, 552. Infusion of buchn, 179. Extract and decoction of cahinca, 
182. Infusion of Peruvian bark, 229. Ethereal tincture of foxglove, 266. 
Digitalin, 267. Phosphate of iron, 295. Electuary of jalap, 360. 

Dropsy, Ovarian. Ointment iodine and mercury, 355. Solution iodide 
potass., 466. 

Dysentery. Mixture nitric acid, 97. Starch jelly, 135. Starch and suet, 
135. Angustura, 137. Clyster bistort, 177. Camphor water and lauda- 
num, 192. Camphor water and nitric acid, 192. Cascarilla mixture, 209. 
Electuary catechu, 213. Infusion black purslane, 276. Mixture extract 
logwood, 320. Calomel and opium, 337. Ignatia, 349. Decoction ipecacu- 
anha, 356. Mixture ipecacuanha, 357. Emulsion jalap, 360. Electuary 
kino, 364. Mixture rhatany, 365. Milk and suet, 367. Mixture cherry- 
laurel, 370. Syrup sweet gum bark, 376. Injection morphia, 398. Nux 
vomica, 408. Mixture nux vomica and aloes, 409. Oleaginous mixture, 
412. Opium and acetate lead, 420. Opiate, 422. Plaster opium and 
camphor, 422. Opium and syrup poppies, 426. Pills of rhubarb and 
ipecacuanha, 491. Confection dog rose, 497. Syrup blackberries, 501. 
Compound powder sulphur, 562. Infusion slippery elm, 576. Compound 
pills sulphate zinc, 591. 

Dysmenorrhea. Infusion southernwood, 151. Camphor mixture, 193. 
Compound pills ergot, 273. Clyster iodine, 353. 



712 DYSPEPSIA. — EYE, AFFECTIONS OF. 

Dyspepsia. Wormwood, 83. Aloes pills, 108. Anise, 137. Extract cha- 
momile, 139. Compound chamomile pills, 139. Orange-peel and rhubarb, 
157. Compound orange elixir, 159. Bismuth, 175. Calamus, 182. 
Cayenne pepper pills, 202. Infusion cinnamon, 234. Powder coriander, 
250. Pill prepared metallic iron, 278. Mixture malate iron, 292. Nitrate 
iron, 292. Mixture soot, 301. Infusion gentian and rhubarb, 309. Mix- 
ture gentian and sulphuric acid, 310. Masterwort, 323. Infusion hops, 
325. Mercury, chalk, and ipecacuanha, 327. Bolus ipecacuanha, 355. 
Ipecacuanha and centaury, 356. Rice jelly, 430. Solution hydrargyro- 
iodide potass., 463. Pancreatin, 431. Pepsin, 434, 597. Sulphate potas- 
sium and rhubarb, 474. Rhubarb, 490. Soda and rhubarb, 544. Mixture 
carbonate sodium and quassia, 544. Compound turpentine plaster, 572. 
Oxide zinc and columbo, 589. Alkaline tincture of wormwood, 83. Lac- 
tic acid, 95. Alkaline wine of aloes, 112. Chamomile pills, 139. Subni- 
trate of bismuth, 175. Calamus, 182. Antacid mixture, 186. Aromatic 
powder, 206. Wine of tartrate of iron, 287. Magnesia and orange-peel, 
379. 

Dyspncea. Opium and castor, 421. 

Dysuria. Benzoic acid and copaiba, 89. Tartar emetic and phosphate 
calcium, 143. Infusion fleabane, 274. Mixture lycopodium, 378. Pills 
nitrate potassium, 471. Crowfoot, 489. Mixture tobacco, 567. 

Ear, Affections of. Pyroligneous acid, 88. Acoustic balsam, 164. In- 
jection morphia, 308. Anti-otitic mixture, 423. Opium liniment, 422. 

Ecchymosis. Juniper liniment, 363. Lotion nitrate potassium, 472. 

Elephantiasis. Mudar, 189. 

Engorgements, Yisceral. Pills black oxide iron, 294. Electuary black 
oxide iron, 294. Calomel and dandelion, 335. Calomel and squill, 335. 
Sulphate mercury, 344. Compound powder rhubarb, 491. Tartrate 
sodium and rhubarb, 464. Mixture tartrate sodium, 464. Tartrate sodium 
whey, 464. Compound infusion dandelion, 569. 

Epilepsy. Valerianate ammonium, 131. Nitrate silver, 146. Mugwort, 
152. Belladonna, 170. Valerianate bismuth, 176. Oil box, 180. Elec- 
tuar}' Peruvian bark, 330. Chloride copper, 259. Ammoniated copper, 
259. Ammoniated copper and belladonna, 259. Compound pills sulphate 
copper, 260. Ammoniated iron, 279. Prussian blue, 288. Wine galium, 
304. Masterwort, 223. Calomel and opium, 337. Indigo, 350. Opium 
and nitrate silver, 420. Phosphorated oil, 436. Mixture biniodide potas- 
sium, 469. Compound powder valerian, 577. Oxide zinc, 589. Com- 
pound pills oxide zinc, 590. Ethereal tincture chloride zinc, 587. Com- 
pound pills sulphate zinc, 591. 

Epistaxis. Alum, 116. Sulphate copper styptic, 261. Injection sulphate 
iron, 298. 

Excoriation. Hydrate aluminium, 115. Cold cream, 133, 217. Glycerite 
of bismuth, 176. Butter cacao ointment, 181. Glycerin, 312. Lycopo- 
dium, 378. Carbonate lead ointment, 447. Plaster carbonate lead, 448. 
Ointment tannate lead, 450. Rose oil, 498. Camphor soap, 513. Oint- 
ment oxide zinc, 590. Cerate carbonate zinc, 586. 

Exanthemata. Compound mercurial powder, 326. Sulphuret magnesium, 
884. Balm, 392. Mixture Virginia snakeroot and allspice, 536. Com- 
pound infusion elm bark, 576. 

EYE, AFFECTIONS of. A tropin,, 156. Camphor ointment, 195. Camphor 
collyrium, 195. Collyrium iodine, 352. Calabar bean, 437. 



FACE, ERUPTIONS OX. — FLATULENCE. 713 

Face. Eruptions on, Blotches, etc. Wash sal ammoniac, 128. Almond 
paste, 131. Almond powder, 131. Compound almond lotion, 132. Milk 
roses. 132. 174. Goulard's lotion, 445. Cosmetic liniment, 134. Water 
anemone, 136. Wash of benzoin, 174. Emulsion benzoin, 174. Sperma- 
ceti liniment. 218. Sultana ointment, 218. Emulsion corrosive sublimate, 
333. Cosmetic wash. 334. Lotion carbonate potassium, 460. Beef mar- 
row soap. 513. Aromatic soap, 513. Cosmetic soap powder, 513. Essence 
of soap. 515. Lotion oxide of zinc, 590. 

Fainting. Aromatic vinegar, 87. Aromatic carbonate of ammonium, 126. 
Succinate ammonium, 129. 

Fever. Vinegar mixture. 85. Syrup vinegar, SQ. Citric acid, 92. Effer- 
vescing powders, 92, 102. Tartaric acid, 101. Sweet spirit of nitre, 552. 
Acetate ammonium, 124. Citrate ammonium, 128. Nitrate ammonium, 
129. Tartar emetic. 142. Mixture extract centaury, 215. Boneset, 275. 
Compound powder ammoniated iron, 280. Mixture avens, 312. Calomel 
and jalap. 334. Calomel and nitrate potassium, 335. Dover's powder, 
354. Ipecacuanha and tragacanth, 355. Infusion malt, 384. Citrate potas- 
sium. 462. Nitrate potassium. 471. Nitrous powders, 471. Mixture 
nitrate potassium. 472. Mixture sulphate potassium, 473. Easpberry 
vinegar. 502. Infusion of sage, 508. Tamarinds, 567. 

Fever, Hectic Compound infusion boneset, 275. Goelis's powder, 405. 
Compound powder sulphate quinia, 485. Compound infusion sage, 508. 

Fever. Intermittent. Pills arsenic and opium, 89. Lockstadt's pills, 134. 
Golden sulphuret antimony, 141. Tartar emetic and quinia, 143. Elec- 
tuary orange-peel. 157. Bebeerina, 169. Camphor water and ether, 194. 
Cetrarin, 219. Preparations Peruvian bark, 228. Cinchonia, 233. De- 
coction coffee, 237. Dogwood, 251. Pills sulphate copper, 260. Sulphate 
copper and opium. 260. Persimmon, 268. Eucalyptus, 275. Compound 
powder Prussian blue, 288. Gelsemium, 30L Mixture of avens, 312. 
Horsechestnut, 323. Tulip-tree bark, 376. Magnolia, 384. Narcotina, 
407. Phloridzin, 436. Phosphorated oil turpentine, 437. Piperina, 440. 
Mixture acetate potassium, 454. Arsenical solution, 88. Arseniate potas- 
sium. 454. Mixture citrate potassium and bark, 462. Oxalate potassium, 
472. Quassia. 4S0. Oak bark, 481. Quinia and salts, 482. Salicin, 507. 
Willow bark, 507. Virginia snakeroot, 535. Common salt and lemon 
juice, 546. Arseniate sodium, 540. Solution chlorinated soda, 539. 

Fever, Typhus. Sulphurous acid, 100. Carbonate ammonium, 126. Pow- 
der of oxide of gold. 162. Wild indigo, 167. Clyster camphor, 194. 
Liniment cantharides, 199. Tincture cayenne pepper, 203. Yeast mix- 
ture, 277. Musk mixture, 403. Turpentine mixture, 572. Laudanum 
and tartar emetic, 429. Egg and brandy mixture, 431. Egg and wine 
mixture, 431. Mixture Virginia snakeroot and allspice, 536. Wine Vir- 
ginia snakeroot and vanilla, 536. Tincture Virginia snakeroot and balsam 
Peru, 536. Mustard whey. 537. Chlorinated soda, 539. 
issures, Anes. Ointment acetate lead, 447. 

istul^e. Injections copaiba, 248. Injection corrosive sublimate, 334. In- 
jection myrrh. 406. Injection iodide potass., 466. Injection iodine, 469. 
Compound lotion iodide potass., 469. 

Flatulence. Ammoniated alcohol, 124. Tincture angelica, 136. Anise, 
137. Chamomile pills. 139. Tincture assafetida and soot, 156. Assa- 
fetida plaster, 156. Elixir orange-peel, 158. Tincture benzoin, 174. 
Calamus. 1S2. Aromatic powder and confection, 206. Compound tinc- 
ture cardamom, 206. Spirit caraway, 207. Preparations cloves, 208. 
Cinnamon, 234. Coriander, 250. Elixir de Gams, 254. Oil of dittany. 



714 FCETOK ORIS.— GONORRHOEA. 

257. Infusion of fennel, 300. Oil of partridge-berry, 307. Pennyroyal', 
321. Henbane and ipecacuanha, 347. Lavender, 371. Magnesia and 
camphor, 351. Peppermint, 393. Nutmeg, 404. Confection opium, 421. 
Water allspice, 439. Electuary black pepper, 439. Compound tincture 
sassafras, 520. Purgative pastilles, 522. Soda mint, 542. Mixture car- 
bonate sodium and gentian, 544. Golden rod, 550. Compound turpen- 
tine plaster, 572. Ginger, 593. 

Foztor Oris. Mixture nitric acid, 97. Alum, 116. Lozenges chloride of 
lime, 188. Charcoal lozenges, 205. Lozenges catechu, 213. Pastilles 
catechu, 213: Creasote, 252. 

Frost, Effcts of. Muriatic acid lotion, 96. Sulphuric acid liniment, 100. 
Rust's ointment, 119. Oil elaterium, 270. Compound ointment henbane, 
348. Embrocation petroleum, 435. Ointment tannic acid, 101. 

Fungous Flesh. Burnt alum, 116. Chloride antimony, 139. Lotion orpi- 
ment, 151. Yerdigris and savine, 258. Yerdigris ointment, 258. 

Ganglionic System, Diseases of. Cataplasm of bryony, 179. Prussian 
blue, 288. 

Gangrene. Lotion of bromine, 178. Compound camphor pills, 192. Peru- 
vian bark and arnica, 226. Cataplasm Peruvian bark, 231. Musk pills, 
402. Anodyne ointment, 423. Cataplasm oak bark, 481. 

Gastralgia. Mixture aconite, 104. Subnitrate bismuth, 175. Syrup codeia, 
237. 

Gastrodynia. Oxide silver, 148. Compound bismuth powder, 175. Com- 
pound tincture cinnamon, 235. Oil of ergot, 273. Mercurial mixture, 329. 

Glands, Enlarged. Plaster ammoniac with mercury, 121. Bromide am- 
monium, 125. Cataplasm bryony, 179. Ointment chloride lime, 188. 
Animal charcoal, 205. Ointment of iodide of carbon, 206. Hemlock and 
dandelion, 244. Plaster foxglove, 267. Ointment iodide iron, 291. Com- 
pound galbanum plaster, 304. Compound mercurial liniment, 330. Oint- 
ment iodide mercury, 340. Red sulphuret mercury, 345. Liniment 
henbane, 348. Ethereal tincture iodine, 351. Mixture iodine and iodide 
potassium, 352. Ointment iodoform, 354. Sulphuret potassium, 474. 
Compound plaster sulphuret potassium, 477. Bin-iodide of quinia, 483. 
Burnt sponge, 553. 

Gleet. Tannic acid, 100. Tincture cantharides and guaiacum, 198. Cu- 
bebs and ergot, 255. Compound powder ergot, 273. Pills guaiacum and 
turpentine, 318. Injection chloride zinc, 586. 

Glottis, Spasm of. Cataplasm tobacco, 567. 

Goitre. Solution chloride calcium, 184. Animal charcoal, 203. Iodine 
ointment, 353. Cataplasm iodine, 353. Iodide potass., 465. Ointment 
iodide potass., 467. Liniment iodide potass., 467. Sulphuret potass., 474. 
Burnt sponge, 553. 

Gonorrhoea. Injection of hydrocyanic acid, 94. Pills of tannic acid, 100- 
Alumina, 115. Alum, 116. Nitrate of silver, 146. Assafetida and opium, 
154. Oil box, 180. Pills chloride calcium, 185. Emulsion hemp, 196. 
Compound bolus catechu, 213. Electuary catechu, 213. Wine Peruvian 
bark and calamus, 232. Copaiba and its preparations, 247. Cubebs, 254. 
Injection ammoniated copper, 259. Injection sulphate copper, 261. Com- 
pound powder ammoniated iron, 280. Injection iodide iron, 291. Pills 
sulphate iron, 297. Tincture galls, 305. Oil guaiacum, 317. Mixture of 
I iK I in ii sarsaparilla, 323. Injection corrosive sublimate, 334. Calomel 
and catechu, 330. Saturated "tincture iodine, 351. Injection opium, 424. 



GOUT. — HEMORRHOIDS. 715 

Sedative injection, 433. Oil parsley, 436. Injection of ckloro-platinate 
of sodium, 444. Acetate lead mixture, 445. Injection sulphuret potass., 
476. Injection caustic potassa, 452. Chlorate potassium, 462. Pills 
nitrate potassium and camphor, 471. titrated emulsion, 472. Starkey's 
soap, 415, 513. Oil sandalwood, 511. Turpentine and rhubarb, 571. Tur- 
pentine mixture, 572. Injection acetate zinc, 586. Fomentation sulphate 
zinc, 591. Injection sulphate zinc, 592. Sulpho-carbolate zinc, 592. 

Gout. Aconite, 102. Ammoniacal liniment, 122. Carbonate ammonium, 
126. Phosphate ammonium, 129. Ammonium succinate, 130. Golden 
sulphuret antimony, 141. Sulphuret calcium, 181. Camphorated ether, 
194. Portland powder, 215. Pills pipsissewa, 221. Colchicum, 238. 
Wine hedge hyssop, 317. Pills guaiacum and sulphur, 31S. Ammoniacal 
tincture guaiacum, 319. Magnesia and colchicum, 381. Confection opium, 
421. Phosphorated oil, 436. Mixture caustic potassa, 452. Solution 
silicate potassium, 473. "Warner's cordial, 494. Extract elder berries, 509. 
Pills soap and ox gall, 515. Conserve broom, 528. Compound tincture 
senna, 532. Liniment sulphuret carbon, 565. Turpentine mixture, 572. 
Yeratria, 580. Wine white hellebore, 582. 

Gravel. Mixture Prussian blue, 280. Carbonate potassium and ammonium, 
463. 

Gums, Affections of. Boracic acid, 89. Alumina, 115. Electuary alum, 

117. Gargle alum, 115. Collutory catechu, 214. Collutory creasote, 
253. Gargle sulphate zinc, 591. 

Hair, Loss of, etc. Garlic, 107. Almond cream, 133. Macassar oil, 134. 
Fixature, 135, 262, 413. Hair ctye, 147. Compound ointment balsam 
Peru, 165. Compound tincture cantharides, 198. Pomatum cantharides, 
201. Shampoo liquid, 202. Pomatum Peruvian bark, 231. Lotion galls, 
305. Ointment of lavender, 372. Bay rum, 404. 

Hair, to Remove. Orpiment powder, 151. Various depilatories, 602. 

Heart, Affections of. Syrup asparagus, 153. Bromine, 178. Foxglove 
and acetate lead, 266. Digitalin, 267. Mixture iodide potass., 466. 

Hematemesis. Calomel and acetate of lead, 335. Pills acetate lead, 444. 

Hemicrania. Pills of valerianate of quinia, 489. Compound powder vale- 
rian, 577. Electuary valerian, 578. 

.Hemiplegia. Pills poison oak, 574. 

Hemoptysis. Gallic acid mixture, 93. Inhalation tannic acid, 101. Powder 
starch, 135. Carrageen mixture, 225. Electuary Peruvian bark and ca- 
techu, 230. Creasote mixture, 252, 253. Bolus foxglove, 264. . Mixture 
tincture foxglove, 266. Bugle weed, 379. Sedative mixture, 426. Com- 
pound pills acetate lead, 444. Tolu mixture, 167. Mixture uva ursi, 577. 

Hemorrhages. Gallic acid, 92. Sulphuric acid, 99. Alum, 116. Alum whey, 

118. Bistort, 177. Alum and catechu, 213. Extract of Peruvian bark, 228. 
Sulphate copper, 260. Compound powder ergot, 273. Extract ergot, 273. 
Oil erigeron, 274. Chloride iron and acetate lead, 283. Tincture chloride 
iron, 284. Solution sulphate iron, 298. Compound powder galls, 304. 

, Avens, 311. Compound powder kino, 363. Mixture rhatany, 365. Alum 
-j whey, 366. Matico, 390. Roasted opium, 418. Opium and acetate lead, 
420. Compound pills acetate lead, 444. Acetate lead, 444. Mixture 
bistort, 177. Hemostatic powder, 489. Powder sulphate sodium and 
opium, 548. Mixture uva ursi, 577. Eau de Pagliari, 596. 
Hemorrhoids. Aloetic mixture, 112. Alum ointment, 119. Lime oint^ 
nient, 186. Charcoal suppository, 205. Extract Peruvian bark, 228. 
Hemlock oil, 245. Suppository hemlock, 246. Saffron ointment, 254* 



716 HEP AT-ITIS.— HYSTERIA. 

Oil elaterium, 270. Ointment galls, 306. Compound gall ointment, 305. 
Witch hazel, 311. Ointment mercury and belladonna, 350. Ointment red 
oxide mercury and tin, 343. Suppositories iodoform, 354. Ointment 
henbane, 348. Electuary jalap, 360. Ointment matico, 390. Injection 
morphia, 398. Anodyne ointment, 423. Ointment opium and tar, 423. 
Laudanum ointment, 423. Confection black pepper, 439. Ward's paste, 
439. Pile ointment, 446. Lead ointment, 448. Mixture tartrate potas- 
sium, 4*77. Mixture bitartrate potassium, 456. Ointment figwort, 528. 
Electuary senna and sulphur, 532. Ointment tin, 553. Ointment stra- 
monium, 556. Sulphur electuary, 562. Fomentation sulphate zinc, 591. 
Tannin, 100. 

Hepatitis. Mixture nitric acid, 97. Bath nitromuriatic acid, 98. Com- 
pound mercurial pill, 328. Chlorate potassium, 461. Dandelion, 569. 

Hernia. Clyster belladonna, 172. Infusion tobacco, 567. 

Herpes. Carbolic acid, 90. Chlorine liniment, 223. Arseniate iron, 280. 
Ointment carburet iron, 283. Decoction soot, 301. Ointment black helle- 
bore, 322. Liniment acetate mercury, 331. Compound calomel pill, 336. 
Calomel ointment, 337. Ointment red oxide mercury and lead, 343. Oint- 
ment sulphate mercur}^ 344. Red sulphuret mercur}^, 345. Ointment red 
sulphuret mercury, 345. Lotion sulphuret potassium, 475. 

Hiccough. Ammoniated alcohol, 124. Assafetida, 153. Carminative mix- 
ture, 394. 

HoopiNG-cougH. Anisated ammonia, 124. Bromide ammonium, 125. Suc- 
cinated ammonia, 129. Extract anemone, 136. Kermes mineral, 141. 
Antimonial wine and bittersweet, 175. Assafetida pills and mixture, 154. 
Assafetida and tolu, 155. Assafetida plaster, 156. Belladonna, 170. 
Fumigating powder, 173. Emulsion cantharides, 197. Tincture bark 
and cantharides, 201. Chestnut leaves, 210. Syrup Peruvian bark, 232. 
Cochineal and carbonate potass., 236. Sj^rup codeia, 237. Confection 
ipecacuanha, 356. Mixture ipecacuanha, 357. Compound syrup ipecacu- 
anha, 357. Alkaline wine ipecacuanha, 358. Syrup sulphuret magnesium, 
384. Myrrh and zinc, 405. Lettsom's elixir, 428. Mixture carbonate 
potassium, 460. Compound syrup squill, 524. Carbonate sodium and 
ipecacuanha, 544. Tincture artificial musk, 560. Liniment oil of amber, 
561. Compound powder tobacco, 566. Mixture balsam tolu and copaiba, 
167. Sulphate zinc, 590. Mixture sulphate zinc, 592. Oxide of zinc, 
589. Ammoniated alcohol, 124. Syrup of codeia, 237. Hemlock plaster, 
245. Copaiba mixture, 248. Pills of henbane, 347. Mixture of henbane 
and antimony, 347. Powder ipecacuanha and carbonate of sodium, 355. 
Powder of musk, 402. Musk mixture, 403. 

Hydrophobia. Extract hemp, 196. Tonquin powder, 402. 

Hydrocephalus. Powder foxglove, 264. Calomel and foxglove, 334. 
Ointment iodide potass, and mercury, 467. 

Hydrothorax. Tincture colchicum and foxglove, 241. Colchicum and 
elaterium, 241. Mixture colocynth, 243. Pills foxglove, 265. Mixture 
elaterium, 270. Gamboge mixture, 306. Extract lettuce, 368. Mixture 
tobacco, 567. 

Hypochondria. Acetic ether, 105. Aloes, 110. Assafetida, 153. Mixture 
lettuce and dandelion, 368. 

HYPOPION. Pills seneka, 529. 

Hysteria. Mixture acetic ether, 105. "Whytt's pills, 110. Carbonate am- 
monium, 126. Succinate ammonium, 129. Valerianate ammonium, 131, 
597. Mixture chamomile, 139. Infusion southernwood, 151. Assafetida 
and iron, 154. Assafetida mixture, 154. Alkaline tincture assafetida, 






ILEUS. — LEPRA. 717 

155. Tincture assafelida and soot, 156. Assafetida and castor, 156. 
Belladonna and camphor, 171. Monobromated camphor, 195. Bolus cas- 
tor, 211. Castor pills, 211. Skunk cabbage, 268. Soot pills, 301. Com- 
pound galbanum pills, 303. Mixture lactucarium, 368. Anti-hysteric 
water, 393. Musk, 402. Pills opium and musk, 420. Calabar bean, 437. 
Mixture rue and squill, 502. Liniment oil of amber, 561. Sumbul, 565. 
Compound powder valerian, 577. Yanilla, 580. Valerianate zinc, 592. 

Ileus. Hemlock oil, 245. 

Impetigo. Lotion hydrocyanic acid, 94. Glycerin, 312. Compound pow- 
der sulphur, 562. Powder iodide sulphur, 565. Ointment oxide zinc and 
opium, 590. 

Iritis. Turpentine mixture, 572. 

Ischuria. Assafetida and opium, 154. 

Issues. Ointment of cantharides, 200. Elemi plaster, 271. 

Itch. Carbolic acid lotion, 91. Sulphuric acid ointment, 100. Lime water 
and sulphur, 186. Lime ointment, 186. Chlorine ointment, 223. Lotion 
corrosive sublimate, 333. Ointment red oxide mercury and sulphur, 343. 
Tincture sulphuret potass., 475. Compound lotion sulphuret potass., 476. 
Ointment carbonate potass., 461. Soap and sulphur, 516. Decoction 
stavesacre, 554. Compound powder sulphur, 562. Sulphur ointment, 
563. Compound sulphur ointment, 564. Ointment white helleborre, 583. 
Sulphuret sodium, 549. 

Jaundice. Terebinthinated ether, 106. Barberry, 174. Compound wine 
centaury, 215. Acetate of potassium, 453. Senna and guaiacum, 531. 
■ Joints, Affections of. Pipsissewa beer, 221. Compound decoction guaia- 
cum, 317. Pills guaiacum and antimony, 318. Ointment calomel and 
squill, 337. Oil laurel, 370. 



Kidneys, Affections of. Gallic acid mixture, 93. Emulsion manna, 387. 
Carbonate sodium, 544. Ointment turpentine, 572. Uva ursi, 576. 



Labor. Contrayerva mixture, 247. Ergot and its preparations, 273. De- 
coction cotton root, 315. Compound powder borax, 542. 

Laryngitis. Creasote pills, 252. Liniment croton oil, 417. Plaster cro- 
ton oil, 417. 

Leucorrhcea. Injection gallic acid, 93. Tannic acid, 100. Whytt's pills, 
110. Alum, 116. Electuary catechu, 213. Peruvian bark and isinglass, 
227. Wine Peruvian bark and iron, 232. Cubebs and ergot, 255. 
Compound powder ergot, 273. Infusion black purslane, 276. Compound 
pills carbonate iron, 281. Lozenges iodide iron, 289. Bath iodide iron, 
291. Ointment iodide iron, 291. Black oxide iron, 294. Electuary black 
oxide iron, 294. Sulphate iron, 297. Syrup sulphate iron, 298. Solu- 
tion tartrate iron and potass., 287. Injection, 302. Tincture galls, 305. 
Avens, 311. Compound powder guaiacum, 304. Calomel and catechu, 
: / 336. Saturated tincture iodine, 351. Injection rhatanj^, 365. Injection 
subacetate lead, 446. Chlorate potassium, 462. Iodide potass., 466. 
Decoction oak bark, 481. Pills turpentine and guaiacum, 571. 
;■ Lepra. Pills arsenic and opium, 89. Iodide arsenic, 150. Chloride arsenic, 
150. Donovan's solution, 151. Barytic liniment, 169. Mudar, 189. 
Chlorine oil, 223. Mixture tincture colocynth, 244. Carburet iron, 283. 
Ethereal solution bibromide mercury, 332. Ointment naphthalin, 407. 



718 LICHEE. — NEURALGIA. 

Lichen. Carburet iron, 253. Ointment glycerin, 312. Ointment calomel 
and camphor, 337. Ointment cyanide mercury, 338. 

Lips, Excoriation of. Spermaceti lip salve, 218. 

Liver, Affections of. Lotion hydrocyanic acid, 94. Muriatic acid pedi- 
luvium, 96. Terebinthinated ether, 106. Ointment tartar emetic, 144. 
Belladonna, 170. Blue pill and jalap, 328. Blue pill and quinia, 328. 
Compound mercurial pill, 328. Compound cathartic pills, 273. Calomel 
and jalap, 336. Tartrate of potassium and rhubarb, 477. Mixture tar- 
trate potassium, 477. 

Lumbago. Camphor ointment, 195. Spirit turpentine, mixture, 414. 

Lungs, Affections of. Syrup chamomile, 139. Tartar emetic, 142. Tar- 
tar emetic and opium, 143. Lotion tartar emetic, 144. Ointment tartar 
emetic, 144. Syrup antimonial wine, 145. Fig coffee, 299. Syrup aspa- 
ragus, 153. Compound tincture benzoin, 144. Hemlock and ipecacuanha, 
244. Compound pills henbane, 347. Ipecacuanha and antimony, 355. 
Myrrh and ipecacuanha, 405. Naphthalin, 407. Tar water, 442. Solu- 
tion cyanide potass., 462. Decoction and syrup seneka, 529. Storax, 559. 
Balsam tolu, 165. Coltsfoot, 575. 

Mammae, Affections of. Ointment carbonate ammonium, 127. Fomenta- 
tion sal ammoniac, 127. Cataplasm sal ammoniac, 128. Lime water and 
oil, 186. Charcoal, 203. Ointment turpentine, 572. Ointment oxide 
zinc and lycopodium, 590. 

Mania. Compound pills columbo, 190. Pills foxglove, 265. 

Marasmus. Jelly orange leaves, 159. 

Measles. Infusion safflower, 207. Spermaceti mixture, 217. 

Menorrhagia. Pills gallic acid, 93. Pills tannic acid and opium, 100. 
Alum, 116. Compound bolus catechu, 213. Peruvian bark and isinglass, 
227. Ergot, 272-3. Infusion black purslane, 276. Pills ammoniated 
iron, 280. Injection sulphate iron, 298. Aromatic alum whey, 119. 

Mercurial Disease. Mixture sulphuret potass., 476. Sulphur mixture, 
563. 

Milk, To Increase Secretion of. < Compound powder fennel, 300. 

Milk, To Retard Secretion of. Bolus acetate potassium, 453. Pills 
acetate sodium, 539. 

Mouth, Affections of. Vinegar gargle, 86. Muriatic acid gargle, 96. ; 
Collutory nitric acid, 97. Alum, 116. Chlorine gargle, 188, 222. Col- 
lutory balsam Peru, 165. Collutory carbonate potassium, 459. Boracic 
acid wash, 90. Sal ammoniac, 127. Phosphate of calcium, 187. Decoc- 
tion of New Jersey tea, 215. Goldthread, 250. Creasote mixture, 252. 
Myrrh, 405. 

Mollities Ossium. Phosphate calcium, 187. 

Muscles, Rigidity of. Ointment iodine and oil tobacco, 353. 

Nat sea. Clove cataplasm, 209. Clove bag, 309. Pennyroyal, 321. Com- 
pound infusion mint, 394. Spice plaster, 594. Mixture carbonate potas- 
sium, 460. 

Nephritis. Compound decoction oatmeal, 163. Infusion carrot fruit, 207. 
Emulsion bicarbonate sodium, 540. Compound ointment of turpentine, ! 
572. Compound powder of uva ursi, 576. 

NEURALGIA. Pills of arsenic and opium, 89. Aconitia, 104. Aconite plas- 
ter and lotion, 103. Valerianate ammonium, 131, 597. Plaster bella-' 



NERVOUS DISORDERS. — PARALYSIS. 719 

donna, 173. Oil benzoin, 174. Emulsion cantharicles, 197. Chloral 
hydrate, 222. Bolus castor, 211. Liniment chloroform, 224. Codeia, 
237. Tincture colchicum, 239. Colchicum and camphor, 241. Creasote 
pills, 252. Carbonate iron, 281. Gelsemium, 307. Mixture tincture 
guaiacum, 319. Calomel and opium, 337. Compound pills henbane, 347. 
Lotion cheny -laurel, 371. Sulphate morphia, 401. Turpentine mixture, 
414. Opiated turpentine liniment, 415. Carbonate lead ointment, 447. 
Lotion chloride lead, 448. Lotion cyanide potassium, 463. Ointment 
cyanide potass., 463. Solution chlorate potassium, 461. Tannate of 
quinia, 488. Extract cevadilla, 503. Extract tobacco, 566. Ointment 
tobacco, 567. Veratria, 580. Valerianate zinc, 592. 

Nervous Disorders. Valerianate ammonium, 131, 597. Valerianate bis- 
muth, 17.6. Camphor and musk, 192. Camphor water and Hoffmann's 
anodyne, 192. Monobromated camphor, 195. Peruvian bark and valerian, 
231. Pills ammoniated iron, 280. Infusion hops, 325. Compound pow- 
der henbane, 347. Musk, 402. Wild cherry bark, 478. Compound pills 
sulphate quinia, 486. Oxide zinc, 589. Cj^anide zinc, 587. Eerrocyanide 
zinc, 588. Chloride of zinc, 586. Valerianate zinc, 593. 

Nipples, Excoriated. Oil elaterium, 270. Glycerin, 312. Mammillary 

lotion, 164. Opium and lime water, 424. Borax, 542. 
| Nodes, Venereal. Mercurial plaster, 330 

Nux Vomica, Poisoning by. Sulphuric ether and turpentine, 106. 

Nyctalopia. Calomel, antimony, and henbane, 334. 

(Edema. Fomentation arnica, 149. 

Onychia. Corrosive sublimate and zinc, 332. Red oxide mercury, 342. 
Ophthalmia. Alum coUyrium, 117. Alum curd, 117. Acetate ammonium, 
124. Antimonial wine, 144. Nitrate silver, 146. Ointment nitrate silver, 

147. Chloride gold, 160. Chloride barium, 168. Glycerite of bismuth, 
176. Sulphate cadmium, 181. Camphor collyrium, 195. Solution of 
conia, 246. Verdigris and alum, 258. Verdigris ointment, 258. Colly- 
rium sulphate copper, 261. Mucilage quince-seeds, 262. Eyebright, 277. 
Ointment Prussian blue, 288. Ointments red and yellow oxide of mer- 
cury, 342, 343. Ointment red oxide of mercury and zinc, 343. Yellow 
root, 346. Wine opium, 426. Collyrium acetate lead, 445. Collyrium 
subacetate lead, 445. Ointment subacetate lead, 447. Collyrium binio- 
dide potass., 469. Compound lotion iodide potass., 469. Collyrium caustic 

-! potass., 452. Sulphate of quinia and sodium, 485. Ointment oxide zinc, 
590. Ointment oxide of zinc and calomel, 590. Mixture ferrocyanide 
zinc, 588. Collyrium sulphate zinc, 591. 
i Ophthalmia, Gonorrheal. Mercurial lotion, 327. 
Opium, Poisoning by. Vinegar coffee, 237. 
I Orchitis. Mixture chloride barium, 168. 
IOtorrhcea. Sulphate of cadmium, 181. 

Oz^na. Angelica, 136. Chloride lime, 188. Mercurial gargle, 327. Com- 
■ pound powder sulphate mercury, 344. 

Palpitation. Syrup asparagus, 153. Powder foxglove, 264. Wild cherry 

bark, 478. 
Pannus. Compound powder seneka, 529. Pills seneka, 529. 
Paralysis. Pyro-oleous carbonate ammon., 127. Infusion horseradish, 

148. Extract arnica, 149. Assafetida, 153. Brucia, 178. Nitrate cam- 
phor, 195. Cantharides and Cayenne pepper, 197. Oil of euphorbium, 



720 PEKIPKEUMONIA. — RHEUMATISM. 

277. Ignatia, 350. Nux vomica, 408. Tincture mix vomica, 408. Pills 
opium and nitrate silver, 420. Phosphorated ether, 437. Lotion mustard, 
538. Bath common salt and arnica, 546. Strychnia, 557. Iodate strych- 
nia, 558. 

Peripneumonia. Golden sulphuret antimony, 141. Powder foxglove, 264. 

Pills calomel and antimony, 336. 
Periostitis. Compound mercurial ointment, 329. 
Phimosis. Solution sulphate copper, 261. 
Phthisis. Mixture hydrocyanic acid, 93. Alum and benzoic acid, 117. 

Mixture chloride barium, 168. Belladonna, 170. Hypophosphites, 185. 

Iodide calcium, 185. Iceland moss, 218. Carrageen, 224. Electuary 

Peruvian bark and sulphur, 189. Creasote, 252. Pills sulphate copper, 

260. Foxglove, 264. Compound pills of henbane, 347. Ipecacuanha 
and nitrate potassium, 355. Artificial goat's milk, 367. Locatelli's bal- 
sam, 165. Myrrh and Canada balsam, 405. Compound extract myrrh, 
406. Griffith's mixture, 406. Acetic turpentine liniment, 415. Acetate 
lead, 444. Mixture iodide potassium, 406. Chlorate potassium, 461. 
Acetate of morphia, 398. Wine of tar, 442. Wild cherry bark, 478. 

Pleuritis. Infusion of pleurisy root, 152. Nitrate of camphor, 195. Mix- 
ture foxglove, 266. Cataplasm long pepper, 440. 

Pneumonia. Benzoic acid and ipecacuanha, 89. Mixture foxglove, 266. 
Gelsemium, 307. Powder ipecacuanha and chloride ammonium, 355. Pow- 
der ipecacuanha and antimony, 355. Sumbul, 566. 

Porrigo. Ointment nitric acid, 97. Sulphurous acid, 100. Lotion corrosive 
sublimate and copper, 332. Ointment calomel and acetate copper, 337. 
Ointment nitrate mercury and lead, 340. Ointment sulphate mercur}^ 344. 
Ointment oxide manganese, 386. Banyer's ointment, 449. Compound 
lotion sulphuret potass., 476. Powder iodide sulphur, 565. 

Prurigo. Fomentation opium, 424. Ointment carbonate sodium, 445. 
Powder iodide sulphur, 565. 

Pruritus. Lotion carbonate potassium, 460. Lotion borax, 543. Lotion 
carbonate sodium, 545. Lotion chlorate sodium, 545. 

Psoriasis. Arsenic and pepper pills, 89. Ointment nitric acid, 97. Oint- 
ment subnitrate bismuth, 176. Compound powder anthracokali, 205. 
Decoction soot, 301. Naphthalan ointment, 407. Ointment poke, 438. 
Tar ointment, 443. Compound lotion sulphuret potassium, 476. Lotion 
tobacco, 567. Ointment tobacco, 567. 

Psorophthalmia. Camphor ointment, 195. Ointment sulphate copper, 

261. Ointment red oxide mercury, 342. Ointment red oxide mercury and 
cinnabar, 343. Ointment common salt, 546. Compound sulphur oint- 
ment, 564. 

Pyrosis. Alkaline wine aloes, 112. Oxide of silver, 148. Charcoal and 
quassia, 204. Compound pills kino, 364. Mixture carbonate potassium, 
460. 

Raciiitts. Phosphate calcium, 187. Black oxide iron, 294. Phosphate 
magnesium, 382. Mixture cod-liver oil, 410. Acorn coffee, 481. Com- 
pound powder madder, 501. 

Rectum, Diseases of. Starch mucilage, 135. Chloroform ointment, 224. 
Suppository hemlock, 246. Injection copaiba, 248. 

Rheumatism. Aconite, 102. Aconitia, 104. Alctris, 107. Ammoniacnl 
liniment, 121. Phosphate ammonium, 129. Golden sulphuret antimony, 
140. Tartar emetic and opium, 143. Plaster tartar emetic, 144. Anti- 



EINGWOKM. — SCROFULA. 721 

monial powder, 140. Burdock, 369. Extract arnica, 149. Ointment 
chloride gold, 160. Sulphuret calcium, 187. Lotion of camphor, 194. 
Nitrate camphor, 195. Compound tincture cantharides, 198. Plaster 
castor, 212. Black snakeroot, 225. Colchicum, 238. Tincture colchicum 
flowers, 239. Creasote pills, 252. Compound decoction bittersweet, 269. 
Compound galbanum plaster, 304. Hedge hyssop, 316. Decoction guai- 
acum, 317. Oil guaiacum, 317. Compound powder guaiacum, 317. 
Guaiacum mixture, 318. Guaiacum and bittersweet, 318. Tincture 
guaiacum, 318. Plummer's pills, 336. Black sulphuret mercury, 344. 
Nervine balsam, 499. Magnesia and colchicum, 381. Tincture magnolia, 
384. Oil of horsemint, 396. Turpentine mixture, 414. Cajeput liniment, 
410. Opium and antimony, 419. Opium plaster, 422. Fomentation wine 
opium, 424. Opium liniment, 422. Plaster petroleum, 435. Phospho- 
rated oil, 436. Plaster black pepper, 440. Pitch plaster, 441. Plaster 
subacetate lead, 447. Solution chlorate potassium, 462. Plaster pellitory, 
479. Tincture cevadilla, 503. Camphorated essence soap, 515. Zittman's 

m decoction, 517. Conserve broom, 528. Pills stramonium seed, 555. 
Lotion stramonium, 556. Bisulphide carbon, 564. Turpentine liniment, 
571. Poison oak, 573. Veratria, 580. Wine white hellebore, 582. Green 

.i hellebore, 583. Hydrosulphuretted bath, 95. Liniment of croton oil, 417. 
Tincture of poke, 438. Prickley ash, 585. 
Ringworm. Ointment cocculus indicus, 236. Vinegar borax, 543. 

Salivation. Sulphuretted hydrogen, 94. Muriatic acid gargle, 96. Tan- 
jj nic acid, 100. Gargle sulphate copper, 261. Pills iodine, 351. Sulphuret 
potass, and cream of tartar, 475. Gargle borax, 543. 

Scarlatina. Carbolic acid mixture, 91. Mixture hyponitrous ether, 94. 
[|| Acetate ammonium, 124. Plaster tartar emetic, 144. Belladonna, 170. 
Cayenne pepper gargle, 202. Chlorine mixture, 223. Myrrh gargle, 406. 
Mixture tartrate potassium, 477. Mixture cream of tartar, 455. 

Sciatica. Liniment succinated ammonia, 130. Plaster sulphuret antimony, 
142. Oil turpentine and honey, 413. Oil turpentine mixture, 414. 

Schirrhus. Bolus sal ammoniac, 127. Extract marigold, 189. Charcoal, 
203. Hemlock, 244. Mercury and antimony, 326. Ointment mercury 
and belladonna, 330. 

Scrofula. Iodated albumen, 107. Bromine, 178. Iodide ammonium, 128. 
Compound wine of horseradish, 149. Chloride barium, 168. Iodide 
barium, 168. Baryta, 169. Compound cataplasm bryony, 179. Solution 
chloride calcium, 184. Chloride lime, 188. Animal charcoal, 203. An- 
thracokali, 205. Hemlock, 244. Hydriodic acid, 94. Mixture of sul- 
phuret of antimony, 142. Pipsissewa beer, 221. Carrageen, 224. Soot, 
301. Burnt sponge, 553. Koechlin's drops, 259. Mixture bittersweet, 
269. Compound powder metallic iron, 278. Ammoniated iron, 279. 
Bromide iron, 280. Compound pills carbonate iron, 282. Lozenges iodide 
iron, 289. Ammoniated tincture gentian, 310. Frost-weed, 321. Oint- 
ment mercury and belladonna, 330. Mercury and antimony, 326. Iodide 
mercury, 339. Ointment iodide mercury, 340. Biniodide mercury, 339. 
jj Black sulphuret mercury, 344. Iodine bath, 352. Mixture iodine, 352. 
Cod-liver oil, 410. Iodide lead, 448. Ointment iodide lead, 448. Solu- 
tion bromide potassium, 458. Ointment bromide potassium, 458. Oint- 
ment iodide potassium, 467. Mixture iodide potassium, 466. Bath 
sulphuret potassium, 476. Mixture sulphuret potassium, 476. Conserve 
acetate potassium, 453. Acorn coffee, 481. Hydriodate quinia, 483. 
Decoction madder, 501. Jauperand's decoction, 517. Compound infu- 
sion sassafras, 520. Compound ointment common salt, 546. Bath com- 
46 



722 SCURVY. — TAPEWORM. 

mon salt and gelatin, 546. Carbonate sodium and chamomile, 544. 

Sulphur electuary, 562. 
Scurvy. Wood sorrel, 85. Clauder's elixir, 112. Alumina, 115. Mixture 

and wine horseradish, 149. Brooklime, 169. Scurvy grass, 236. Collu- 

tory lemon juice, 3T3. Mixture buckbean, 395. Chlorate potassium, 461. 
Sea Sickness. Plaster carbonate ammonium, 127. 
Sleeplessness. Bromide calcium, 183. Camphor water and Hoffmann's 

anodyne, 192. Chloral hydrate, 222. Tincture hops, 325. Lupulin, 3*77. 

Mixture lactucarium, 369. Acetate morphia, 398. Preparations opium, 

411. Syrup poppies, 432. Jamaica dogwood, 251. 
Snake Bites. Ammonia and ether, 122. Eau de luce, 122. 
Sore Throat, Yenereal. Mercurial lotion, 327. 
Spasmodic Diseases. Sulphuric acid and ether, 99. Fuller's pills, 110. 

Succinate ammonium, 129. Nitrate silver, 146. Electuary orange leaves, 

158. Camphor, 191. Ethereal tincture camphor, 193. Extract of hemp, 

196. Castor, 211. Chloroform, 223. Mayweed, 252. Pills foxglove, 

265. Tincture galbanum, 303. Calomel, antimony, and henbane, 334. 

Anti-hysteric water, 393. Musk, 402. Dippel's animal oil, 409. Opium 

and its preparations, 417. Succinated tincture opium, 428. Clyster opium 

and valerian, 424. Cyanide potass., 462. Mixture nitrate potass., 472. 

Confection rue, 502. Extract stramonium, 555. Purified oil amber, 560. 

Artificial musk, 587. Eau de Luce, 561. Compound powder of tobacco, 

566. Balsam amber, 561. Infusion linden, 573. Valerian, 577. Oxide 

zinc, 589. Cyanide zinc, 587. 
Spermatorrhoea. Compound powder cascarilla, 209. Nux vomica, 408. 

Mixture acetate lead, 445. 
Spina Yentosa. Bath sulphuret potass., 576. 
Spleen, Diseases of. Celandine, 219. Solution hydrargyro-iodide potass., 

470. Tartrate of magnesium, 384. 
Sprains. Lotion sal-ammoniac, 127. Compound spirit of nutmeg, 405. 

Liniment opium, 422. Aromatic vinegar, 87. 
Stomach, Affections of. Oxide of silver, 148. Subnitrate of bismuth, 1 75. 

Cayenne pepper pills, 202. Chlorine mixture, 223. Tincture chloride 

iron, 284. Mixture tincture guaiacum, 319. Aromatic plaster, 524. 

Compound powder sulphate quinia, 486. Mixture sulphuret carbon, 564. 
Strangury. Mixture lycopodium, 378. Clyster laudanum, 424. Infusion 

parsley, 436. Mixture nitrate potassium, 472. 
Sweating, Profuse. Mixture nitric acid, 97. Agaric, 177. Acetate leac], 

444. Mixture acetate lead, 445. 
Syphilis. Mixture nitric acid, 97. Iodide ammonium, 129. Sulphuretted 

sulphide ammonium, 130. Chloride silver, 146. Ctyanide silver, 146. 

Orpiment, 151. Preparations gold, 159-163. Compound powder anthra- 

cokali, 205. Hemlock and calomel, 244. Creasote lotion, 253. Anthra- 

cokali, 205. Bittersweet, 268. Liniment of laudanum and lime water, 422. 

Sarsaparilla, 516. Syrup of Lafi'ecteur, 519. Koechlin's drops, 259. 

Mercury and its preparations, 326-346. Opiated acetate mercury, 331. 

Iodoform, 354. Bichloride platinum, 443. Chloroplatinate sodium, 444. 

Mixture biniodide potass., 469. Compound tincture carbonate potassium, 

460. Chloride quinia and mercury, 484. Zittman's decoction, 517. 

Acetate of strychnia, 558. 

Tapeworm. Chloride barium, 168. Kousso, 177. Male fern, 299. Powder 
of hedge hyssop, 317. Coin pound powder gamboge, 306. Decoction 




DISEASES OF. — ULCERS. 723 

pomegranate root, 316. Anthelmintic emulsion, 414. Pumpkin seed, 
434. Mixture petroleum, 435. Kamala, 500. Compound powder ceva- 
dilla, 503. Oxide tin, 553. 

Teeth, Diseases of. Electuary of alumina, 115. Alum and ether, 117. 
Vicat's mixture, 124. Chloride lime, 188. Cantharides plaster, 200. 
Tincture of Cayenne pepper, 203. Oil cloves, 208. Plaster castor, 212. 
Chlorine oil, 223. Hemlock collutory, 245. Solution creasote, 252. 
Compound oil guaiacum, 317. Mixture guaiacum, 318. Mastich paste, 
389. Turpentine lotion, 413. Anti-odontalgic mass, 389-421. Balsam 
and drops for toothache, 422. Odontalgic drops, 421. Pellitory and 
preparations, 479. Willow bark, 507. 

Testicle, Engorged. Compound mercurial ointment, 329. Ointment iodide 
potassium, 467. 

Tetanus. Extract and mixture of hemp, 196. Chloral hydrate, 222. Hypo- 
dermic injection conia, 246. Calabar bean, 438. Mixture Dippel's animal 
oil, 409. Opium and cinnamon water, 426. Solution caustic potassa, 452. 

Throat, Affections of. Nitrate silver, 146. Cayenne pepper gargle, 202. 
Gargle Peruvian bark, 232. Liniment verdigris, 259. Gargle ammoniated 
copper, 260. Gargle figs, 299. Gargle galls, 305. Gargle pomegranate 
rind, 316. Chloride manganese, 385. Gargle nrfrrh, 406. Gargle nitrate 
potassium, 472. Gargle sulphate quinia, 483. Gargle sage, 509. Yinegar 
sage, 509. Yinegar elder flowers, 509. Opodeldoc, 514. Sulphate of 
zinc, 590. Yinegar gargle, 86. Alum gargle, 118. Cinnamon gargle, 
235. Gargle of persimmon, 268. Gargle of cyanide of mercury, 338. 

Tinea Capitis. Lotion hydrocyanic acid, 94. Ammoniacal liniment, 121. 
Sulphuret antimony, 140. Ointment azedarach, 164. Liniment chloride 
lime, 189. Picrotoxin, 236. Compound soot ointment, 302. Ointment 
calomel and alum, 337. Ointment poke, 438. Ointment black pepper, 
439. Tar ointment, 443. Ointment black pitch, 443. Ointment bromide 
potass., 458. Compound lotion sulphuret potass., 474. Ointment sul- 
phuret potass., 479. Compound ointment common salt, 546. Lotion 
sulphuret sodium, 550. Ointment carbonate sodium, 545. Compound 
l sulphur ointment, 564. Ointment sulphur and zinc, 564. Sulphuret 
carbon, 564. 

jTonsils, Inflamed, etc Gargle alum, 118. Glycerite iodide ammonium, 
129. Gargle iodine, 353. Ointment iodine, 353. Iodide of zinc, 588. 

^Tenesmus. Clyster, laudanum, 424. Pills rhubarb and ipecacuanha, 491. 

Trismus. Musk mixture, 403. 

jTumors and Swellings. Lotion of sulphuric ether, 106. Ammoniac 
plaster, 121. Ointment iodide ammonium, 129. Ointment chlorinated 
lime, 188. Plaster of ammoniac and mercury, 121. Gum plaster, 121. 
Ammoniacal liniment and tartar emetic, 144. Liniment of cantharides 
and camphor, 199. Hemlock plaster, 245. Hop cataplasm, 326. Cam- 
phorated mercurial ointment, 329. Compound mercurial liniment, 330. 
Pills of calomel and antimony, 336. Decoction of poppy heads, 432. 
Cataplasm of subacetate of lead, 446. Ointment of iodide potassium and 
morphia, 467. Opodeldoc, 514. Soap liniment, 514. Ointment of squill, 

' 527. Stramonium ointment, 556. Ointment of iodide of zinc, 588. 
■ 

Ulcers. Cataplasm, pyroligneous acid, 88. Nitric acid, 97. Sulphate 
aluminum, 115. Burnt alum, 116. Anglo-Saxon ointment, 119. Oint- 
ment oxide silver, 148. Ointment nitrate silver, 147. Balsam Peru, 1 65. 
Bromine lotion, 178. Chloride lime, 188. Ointment charcoal, 205. Char- 
coal cataplasm, 205. Chlorine liniment, 223. Peruvian bark and camphor, 



724 ULCEUS, VENEREAL. — VOMITING*, TO CHECK. 

227. Cerate and cataplasm Peruvian bark, 231. Hemlock infusion and 
ointment, 245. Verdigris lotion, 258. Metz's balsam, 258. Egyptian 
ointment, 258. A mmoniated copper, 259. Ointment ammoniated copper, 
260. Ointment sulphate copper, 261. Ointment foxglove, 266. Yeast 
poultice, 217. Ointment soot, 302. Ointment galls, 306. Compound oil 
guaiacum, 317. Ointment red oxide mercury, 342. Lotion henbane, 348. 
Iodoform, 354. Plaster melilot, 392. Infusion cherry-laurel, 370. Cero- 
mel, 391. Mezereon ointment, 396. Ointment monesia, 397. Rob of 
mulberries, 397. Tincture balsam Peru, 165. Ointment balsam Peru, 
165. Plaster balsam Peru, 165. Cod-liver oil, 410. Ointment bichloride 
platinum, 444. Lotion acetate lead, 446. Goulard's lotion, 445. Oint- 
ment subacetate lead, 447. Compound powder carbonate lead, 447. Oint- 
ment carbonate lead, 447. Solution iodide potass., 466. Ointment binio- 
dide potass., 469. Saviard's lotion, 452. Solution chlorate potassium, 
461. Resin cerate, 489. Wine roses, 499. Ointment willow leaves, 508. 
Balsam sulphur, 563. Turpentine liniment, 571. Turpentine plaster, 572. 
Cataplasm slippery elm, 576. Lotion chloride zinc, 587. Plaster carbonate 
zinc, 586. Acetic acid cataplasm, 87. Pyroligneous acid cataplasm, 88. 
Sulphuric acid, 99. Ointment of cyanide of silver, 146. Calamine cerate, 
182. Carrot cataplasm, 207. Copaiba, 247. Creasote lotion, 253. Oint- 
ment of elemi, 271. Oil of soot, 302. Lotion of corrosive sublimate, 
333. Yellow wash, 342. Lotion of biniodide of mercury, 339. Cerate 
of red sulphuret of mercury, 345. Mixture of iodine, 352. Arquebusade 
water, 394. Tincture of opoponax, 429. Chlorinated soda, 539. Oint- 
ment tobacco, 567. 

Ulcers, Venereal. Mercurial cerate and liniment, 330. Lotion corrosive 
sublimate, 333. Yellow wash, 342. Ointment cyanide mercury, 338. 
Ointment red iodide mercuiy, 339. Black wash, 341. Compound tincture 
opoponax, 429. Ointment biniodide potass, and opium, 469. 

Urethritis. Injection kino, 264. Injection subacetate lead and lime water, 
446. Pills nitrate potassium, 471. Chloride of zinc, 586. Detersive in- 
jection, 112. Ergot injection, 273. Opium and sulphate of zinc, 420. 

Urinary Organs, Affections of. Benzoate ammonium, 125. Pipsissewa, 
220. Buchu, 179. Clyster laudanum, 424. Pareira brava, 433. Em- 
brocation petroleum, 435. Extract dandelion, 569. Turpentine pills, 571. 
Pills turpentine and magnesia, 571. Compound powder uva ursi, 576. 

Urine, Incontinence of. Chloride gold and sodium, 160. Compound pills 
nux vomica, 409. Powder iodide sulphur, 565. 

L t rine, Retention of. Sal ammoniac, 127. 

Uterus, Diseases of. ' Alum, 116-117. Animal charcoal, 263. Chlorine 
injection, 222. Syrup ergot, 272. Injection rhatany, 365. Ointment 
acetate morphia, 399. Mixture wine opium, 426. Belladonna ointment, 
173. 

Uvula, Relaxation of. Gargle galls, 305. Gargle oak bark, 481. Gargle 
sage, 509. 

Vagina, Diseases of. Injection copaiba, 245. Lotion of morphia and 
borax, 402. Injection opium, 424. Suppository chloride zinc, 587. 

VERMIN, to Destroy. Ointment cocculus indicus, 236. Ointment fennel, 
301. Ointment cevadilla, 503. Capuchin powder, 503. Vinegar stave- 
s.'ktc, 554. Ointment stavesacre, 554. Compound mercurial ointment, 
329. 

Vertigo. Bolus castor, 211. 

Vomiting, to Check. Mixture catechu, 214. Compound pills columbo, 190. 



VOMITING, SPASMODIC. — WORMS. 725 

Oxalate cerium, 216. Mixture col umbo, 190. Creasote mixture, 252. 
Clyster laudanum, 424. Aromatic plaster, 441. Anti-emetic mixture, 541. 
Carbonate potassium, 458. 
Vomiting, Spasmodic. Mercurial mixture, 329. Mixture ipecacuanha, 357. 
Compound pills of columbo, 190. 

Warts. Chromic acid, 92. Escharotic powder alum, 116. Ointment 
chloride antimony, 139. Verdigris ointment, 258. Verdigris plaster, 258. 
Corrosive sublimate and copper, 333. Savine and verdigris, 504. Savine 
ointment, 505. 

Weakness of Back. Lotion Peruvian bark, 232. Iron plaster, 283. Plaster 
red oxide iron, 294. 

White Swelling. Ointment nitrate silver, 146. Chloride calcium, 184. 

Worms. Tincture and wine wormwood, 83. Ointment aloes, 114. Sup- 
pository aloes, 114. Assafetida and iron, 154. Azedarach, 164. Worm- 
seed, 220. Cochineal and common salt, 236. Mixture copaiba, 248. Male 
fern, 299. Cabbage-tree bark, 311. Mercurial mucilage, 327. Calomel 
and gamboge, 335. Calomel and jalap, 334. Black sulphuret mercury, 
344. Cowhage, 403. Dippel's animal oil, 409. Mixture olive oil, 412. 
Anthelmintic emulsion, 413. Castor oil and ether, 413. Emulsion opo- 
ponax, 429. Savine and pinkroot, 504. Anthelmintic emulsion, 553. 
Pinkroot, 551. Powder tin, 553. Sulphuret tin, 554. Tansy, 568. Tur- 
pentine and jalap, 571. Tincture and wine of wormwood, 83. Powder 
of sulphate of iron, 297. Decoction of pomegranate, 316. Calomel and 
pinkroot, 335. Vermifuge sugar, 505. Santonica, 511. Santonin, 512. 



INDEX 



OF 



PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES 



ABIES canadensis, 442 
excelsa, 441 

picea, 441 
Absinthium, 83 
Acacia, 84 

arabica, 84 

catechu, 212 

Senegal, 84 

vera, 84 
Acetosella, 85 
Acetum, 85 
Achillea, 86 

millefolium, 86 
Acidum aceticum, 86 

empyreumaticum, 88 

arseniosum, 88 

benzoicum, 89 

boracicum, 89 

carbolicum, 90 
impurum, 91 

carbonicum, 92 

chromicum, 92 

citricum, 92 

gallicum, 92 

hydrocyanicum, 93 

hydriodicum, 94 

hydrosulphuricum, 94 

lacticum, 95 

muriaticum, 96 

nitricum, 97 

nitro-muriaticum, 97 

oxalicum, 98 

phosphoricum, 98 

succinicum, 99 

sulphuricum, 99 

sulphurosum, 100 

tannicum, 100 

tartaricum, 101 

yalerianicum, 102 
Aconitia, 104 
Aconitum, 102 

napellus, 102 
Acorus calamus, 182 
Adiantum, 104 

capillus veneris, 104 

pedatum, 104 
iEgle marmelos, 170 
iEsculus hippocastanum, 323 
^Sther aceticus, 104 

hydrocyanicus, 105 

nitrosus, 552 

muriaticus, 92 

sulphuricus, 105 

terebinthinatus, 106 
Agathotes chirayta, 221 



Albuminum, 107 
Aletris, 107 

farinosa, 107 
Allium, 107 

sativum, 107 
Aloe, 108 

socotrina, 108 

spicata, 108 

vulgaris, 108 
Althaja, 114 

officinalis, 114 
Alumina, 115 
Aluminii acetas, 115 

sulphas, 115 
Alumen, 116 
Ammonia, 121 
Ammoniacum, 119 
Ammonii acetas, 124 

arsenias, 125 

benzoas, 125 

bicarbonas, 125 

bromidum, 125 

carbonas, 126 

chloridum, 127 

citras, 128 

iodidum, 128 

hypophosphis, 185 

nitras, 129 

phosphas, 129 

succinas, 129 

sulphas, 130 

sulphuretum, 130 

valerianas, 131 
Amygdala, 131 

amara, 131 

dulcis, 131 
Amygdalus communis, 131 
Amylum, 135 
Amyli iodidum, 135 
Anacyclus officinarum, 479 

pyrethrum, 479 
Anamirta cocculus, 236 
Anemone, 135 

Ludoviciana, 135 

pratensis, 135 

Pulsatilla, 135 
Anethum, 136 

graveolens, 136 
Angelica, 136 

atropurpurea, 136 

officinalis, 136 
Angustura, 137 
Anisum, 137 

stellatum, 138 
Anthemis, 138 



Anthemis nobilis, 138 

cotula, 252 
Anthracokali, 205 
Antimonialis pulvis, 140 
Antimonium, 139 
Antimonii chloridum, 140 

et potassii tartras, 142 

oxidum, 140 

sulphas, 142 

sulphuretum, 140 
Apis mellifica, 216, 391 
Apocynum, 145 

androsaemifolium, 145 

cannabinum, 145 
Aralia nudicaulis, 145 

spinosa, 146 
Arctium lappa, 369 
Arctostaphylos uva ursi, 576 
Argentum, 146 
Argenti chloridum, 146 

cyanidum, 146 

iodidum, 146 

oxidum, 148 

nitras, 146 
Aristolochia hirsuta, 535 

reticulata, 535 

serpentaria, 535 
Armoracia, 148 
Arnica, 149 

montana, 149 

nudicaule, 149 
Arsenicum, 150 
Arsenici chloridum, 150 

et hydrargyri iodidum, 151 

iodidum, 150 

tersulphuretum, 151 
Artanthe elongata, 390 
Artemisia, 151 

absinthium, 83 

abrotanum, 151 

cina, 510 

vulgaris, 152 
Arum, 152 

triphyllum, 152 
Asagraea officinalis, 503 
Asarum, 152 

canadense, 152 

europaeum, 152 
Asclepias, 152 

cornuti, 153 

incarnata, 153 

syriaca, 153 

tuberosa, 152 
Asparagus, 153 

officinalis, 153 

( 121 ) 



728 



INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL 



Aspidium filix mas, 299 
A?safetida, 153 
Astragalus verus, 574 
Atropa belladonna, 170 
Atropia, 156 
Aurantium, 157 
Aurantii cortex, 157 

flores, 158 

folia, 157 

fructus, 159 
Auri chloridum, 160 

cyanidura, 161 

et sodii chloridum, 160 

iodidum, 162 

oxidum, 162 
Aurum, 159 

ammoniatum, 162 

musivum, 554 

stanno-paratum, 163 
A vena sativa, 163 
Azedarach, 164 



BALLOTA lanata, 164 
Balsamodendron Ehrenber- 
gianum, 405 

myrrba, 405 
Balsamum Peruvianum, 164 | 

tolutanum, 165 
Baptisia tinctoria, 167 
Barii acetas, 167 

carbonas, 167 
• cbloridum, 168 

iodidum, 168 

sulpburetum, 169 
Barium, 167 
Barosma betulina, 179 

crenata, 179 

crenulata, 179 

serratifolia, 179 
Baryta, 169 
Beberia, 169 
Beccabunga, 169 
Bela, 170 
Belladonna, 170 
Benzoinum, 173 
Berberis, 174 

vulgaris, 174 
Bismuthi et ammonii citras, 
175 

cubcarbonas, 175 

subnitras, 175 

tannas, 176 

valerianas, 176 
Bismuthum, 175 
Bistorta, 177 
Boletus laricis, 177 
Brayera anthelmintica, 177 
Brominiilm, 178 
Bfuoia, 178 
Bruciaa acetas, 178 

murias, 178 

sulphas, 178 
Bryonia, 179 

alba, 199 

dioica, 179 
Btichu, 179 
Buxus, 180 

sempervirens, 180 



CACAO, 180 
Ci.dmii iodidum, 181 
sulphas, 181 



Cadmium, 181 
Cahinca, 182 
Calamina, 182 
Calamus, 182 
Calcii bromidum, 183 

carbonas, 183 

chloridum, 184 

hypophosphis, 185 

iodidum, 185 

oxidum, 185 

phosphas, 187 

sulphuretum, 187 
Calcium, 183 
Calendula, 189 

officinalis, 189 
Calotropis, 189 

gigantea, 189 
Caluinba, 190 
Calx, 185 

chlorinata, 188 
Camphora, 191 

monobromata, 195 

officinarum, 191 
Canella, 196 

alba, 196 
Cannabis, 196 

Americana, 196 

indica, 196 

sativa, 196 
Cantharis, 197 

vesicatoria, 197 
Capsicum, 202 

annuum, 202 

fastigiatum, 202 
Carbo animalis, 203 

ligni, 204 

mineralis, 205 
Carbonis iodidum, 206 

sulphuretum, 564 
Cardamine, 206 

pratensis, 206 
Cardamomum, 206 
Carota, 206 
Carthamus, 207 

tinctorius, 207 
Curum, 207 

carui, 207 
Caryophyllus, 208 

aromaticus, 208 
Cascarilla, 209 
Cassia acutifolia, 531 

elongata, 531 

fistula, 210 

marilandica, 210 

obovata, 531 
Castanea, 210 

pumila, 211 

vesca, 210 
Castor fiber, 211 
Castoreum, 211 
Catalpa, 212 

cordifolia, 212 
Cataria, 212 
Catechu, 212 

pallidum, 212 
Ceanothus, 214 

americanus, 214 
Centaurea benedicta, 215 
Centaurium, 21 5 
Cephaelis ipecacuanha, 354 
Cera, 216 

alba, 216 
flaya, 216 
Cerasus lauro-cerasus, 370 



Cerasus serotinn., 478 
Cerii oxalas, 216 
Cerium, 216 
Cetaceum, 217 
Cetraria, 218 
Chavica officinarum, 352 
Chelidonium, 219; 

majus, 219 
Chenopodium, 220 

anthelminticum, 220 
Chimaphila, 220 

umbellata, 220 
Chiococca anguifuga, 182 
Chiretta, 221 
Chloral, 222 
Chlorinium, 222 
Chloroformum, 223 
Chondodendron tomentosum, 

433 
Chondrus, 223 

crispus, 223 
Chrysophyllum glycyphlseum, 

397 
Cichorium, 225 

intybus, 225 
Cimicifuga, 225 

racemosa, 225 
Cinchona, 226 

calisaya, 226 

condaminea, 226 

micrantha, 226 

succirubra, 226 
Cinchonia, 233 
Cinnamomum, 234 

aromaticum, 234 

zeylanicum, 234 
Cissampelos pareira, 433 
Citrullus colocynthis, 242 
Citrus aurantium, 157 

limonum, 372 

vulgaris, 157 
Claviceps purpurea, 272 
Cocculus indicus, 236 

palmatus, 190 

chondodendron, 433 
Coccus, 236 
Cochlear ia, 236 

armoracia, 148 

officinalis, 236 
Codeia, 237 
Coffea, 237 

arabica, 237 
Coffeina, 238 
Colchicum, 238 

autumnale, 238 
Collinsonia, 241 

canadensis, 241 
Collodium, 242, 315 
Colocynthis, 242 
Colophonium, 489 
Comptonia, 244 
Conium, 244 

maculatum, 244 
Contrayerva, 24b 
Convolvulus panduratus, 247 

scammonia, 521 
Copaiba, 247 
Copaifera multijuga, 247 
Coptis, 250 

trifolia, 250 
Coriandrum, 250 

sativum, 250 
Cornu, 251 
Cornus, 251 



AND BOTANICAL NAMES. 



729 



Cornus circinata, 251 

florida, 251 

sericea, 251 
Cotula, 252 
Creasotum, 252 
Creta prasparata, 183 
Crocus, 254 

sativus, 254 
Croton eleutheria, 209 

lacciferum, 367 

tiglium, 415 
Cubeba, 254 
Cucumis, 257 

citrullus, 257 

me!o, 257 

sativus, 257 
Cucurbita pepo, 434 
Cuminum cyminum, 262 
Cunila, 257 

mariana, 257 
Cupri acetas, 257 

chloridum, 259 

eubacetaspraeparatum, 258 

sulphas, 260 
Cuprum, 257 

ammoniatum, 259 
Curcuma, 262 

longa, 262 
Cusso, 177 
Cydonium, 262 
Cydonia vulgaris, 262 
Cyminum, 262 
Cypripedium, 262 

parviflorum, 262 

pubescens, 262 
Cytisus scoparius, 528 



DAPHNE gnidium, 395 
mezereum, 395 
Datura stramonium, 555 
Daucus carota, 206 
Delphinium, 263 

consolida, 263 

staphisagria, 263, 554 
Delphinia, 263 
Dextrinum, 263 
Dianthus, 263 

caryophyllus, 263 
Digitalis, 264 

purpurea, 264 
Digitalinum, 267 
Diosma, 179 
Diospyros, 268 

virginiana, 268 
Diplolepis gallae tinctoriae, 304 
Dirca, 268 

palustris, 268 
Dorema ammoniacum, 119 
Dorstenia contrayerva, 246 
Dracontium, 268 
Drimys winteri, 584 
Dulcamara, 268 



ECBALIUM elaterium, 270 
Elaterinum, 270 
Elaterium, 270 
Elemi, 271 

Elettaria cardamomum, 206 
Emetia, 271 
Ergota, 272 
Erigeron, 274 
annuum, 274 



Erigeron canadense, 274 
heterophyllum, 274 
philadelphicum, 274 

Eryngium, 274 

aquaticum, 274 
maritimum, 274 

Erythraea centaurium, 215 

Eucalyptus globulus, 275 
resinifera, 275 

Eugenia pimenta, 438 

Euonymus americanus, 275 
atropurpureus, 275 

Eupatorium, 275 

perfoliatum, 275 
teucrifolium, 275 

Euphorbia, 276 
corollata, 276 
hypericifolia, 276 
ipecacuanha, 276 
lathyris, 276 
resinifera, 276 

Euphorbium, 276 

Euphrasia, 277 
officinalis, 277 

Exogonium purga, 359 



FEL bovinum, 277 
Ferrum, 277 

ammoniatum, 279 
Ferri acetas, 279 

arsenias, 280 

bromidum, 280 

carbonas, 281 

carburetum, 283 

chloridum, 283 

citras, 285 

et ammonii citras, 285 
sulphas, 286 
tartras, 286 

et magnesii citras, 286 

et potassii tartras, 286 

et quinise citras, 287 

et strychniae citras, 288 

ferrocyanidum, 288 

filum, 277 

gallas, 288 

iodidum, 289 

lactas, 291 

malas, 292 

nitras, 292 

oxalas, 293 

oxidum hydratum, 293 
nigrum, 294 
rubrum, 294 

persulphas, 295 

phosphas, 295 

pulvis, 278 

pyrophosphas, 296 

ramenta, 277 

sulphas, 297 

Sulphuretum, 298 

tannas, 298 

valerianas, 299 
Ferula assafetida, 153 
Ficus, 299 

carica, 299 
Filix mas, 299 
Foeniculum, 300 

dulce, 300 
Frasera, 301 

walteri, 301 
Fraxinus ornus, 387 



Fuligo, 301 
Fuligokali, 302 



GADUS morrhua, 410 
Galbanum, 303 

officinale, 303 
Galipea officinalis, 137 
Galium verum, 304 
Galla, 304 
Gambogia, 306 
Garcinia morella, 306 
Gaultheria, 307 

procumbens, 307 
Gelseminum sempervirens, 307 
Gentiana, 308 

lutea, 308 
Geranium, 310 

maculatum, 310 
Geofiroya inermis, 311 
Geum, 311 

rivale, 311 

urbanum, 311 

virginianum, 311 
Gillenia, 312 

trifoliata, 312 

stipulacea, 312 
Glycerina, 312 
Glycyrrhiza, 313 

echinata, 313 

glabra, 313 
Gossypii radicis cortex, 315 
Gossypium, 314 

herbaceum, 314 
Granatum, 316 
Gratiola, 316 

aurea, 316 

officinalis, 316 
Guarana, 434 
Guaiacum, 317 

officinale, 317 
Gutta percha, 319 



HEMATOXYLIN, 320 
campechianum, 320 
Hamamelis, 321 

virginica, 321 
Hedeoma, 321 

pulegioides, 321 
Helenium, 321 

autumnale, 321 
Helianthemum, 321 

canadense, 321 
Helleborus, 321 

niger, 321 
Hemidesmus, 322 

indicus, 322 
Hepatica, 323 

triloba, 323 
Heracleum, 323 

lanatum, 323 
Heuchera, 323 

americana, 323 
Hippocastanum, 323 
Hordeum, 324 

distichon, 324 

vulgare, 324 
Humulus, 325 

lupulus, 325 
Hydrargyri acetas, 331 

boras, 331 

bromidum, 331 

chloridum corrosivum, 332 



730 



INDEX OF PHABMACEUTICAL 



ITydrargyri chloridum mite, 334 

cyanidum, 337 

et potassii iodidum, 470 

et quiniaB chloridum, 337 

iodidum rubrum, 338 
viride, 339 

nitras, 340 

oleas, 341 

oxidum flavum, 342 
nigrum, 341 
rubrum, 342 

phosphas, 343 

sulphas, 344 

sulphuretum nigrum, 344 
rubrum, 345 

tartras, 345 
Hydrargyrum, 326 

ammoniatum, 331 
Hydrastis canadensis, 346 
Ilyoscyamus, 346 

niger, 346 



TCHTHYOCOLLA, 348 
X Ignatia, 349 

amara, 349 
lllicium anisatum, 138 
Indigo, 350 
Indigofera, 350 
Inula, 350 

helenium, 350 
Iodinium, 351 
Iodoformum, 354 
Ipecacuanha, 354 
Ipomaea jalapa, 359 
Iris florentina, 358 

versicolor, 359 
Isonandra gutta, 319 



TALAPA, 359 
?J Janipha manihot, 568 
Jateorrhiza calumba, 190 

palmata, 190 
Juglans cinerea, 361 
Juniperus, 361 

communis, 361 

oxycedrus, 363 

eabina, 504 

virginiana, 363 



KINO, 363 
Kousso, 177 
Krameria, 364 
triandra, 364 



LAC, 366 
Lacca, 367 
Lactuca, 368 

canadensis (elongata), 368 
Lactucarium, 368 
Lnppa, 369 
Lauri baccae, 370 

folia, 370 
Lnuro-cerasus, 370 
Lauras, 870 

nobilis, 370 

laasafras, 520 
Lavandula, 371 

vorn, .'<7 I 
Leptnndra, 372 

virginica, 372 



Limon, 372 
Linum, 375 

usitatissimum, 375 
Liquidambar, 376 

orientale, 559 

styraciflua, 376 
Liquor arsenici et hydrargyri 

iodidi, 151 
Liriodendron, 376 

tulipifera, 376 
Lithii carbonas, 376 

citras, 376 
Lobelia, 376 

inflata, 376 
Lupulina, 377 
Lycopodium, 378 

clavatum, 378 
Lycopus virginicus, 379 



MACIS, 379 
Magnesia, 379 

magnesii acetas, 380 

bitartras, 384 

carbonas, 380 

citras, 382 

phosphas, 382 

sulphas, 383 

sulphuretum, 384 

tartras, 384 
Magnesium, 379 
Magnolia, 384 

glauca, 384 
Maltum, 384 
Malva, 385 

sylvestris, 385 
Manganesii carbonas, 385 

chloridum, 385 

iodidum, 385 

oxidum, 386 

phosphas, 386 

sulphas, 387 
Manganesium, 385 
Manna, 387 
Mannitum, 388 
Maranta, 388 

arundinacea, 388 
Marrubium, 388 

vulgare, 388 
Maruta cotula, 252 
Mastiche, 389 
Matico, 390 
Matricaria, 390 

chamomilla, 390 
Mel, 391 

Melaleuca cajuputi, 410 
Melia azedarach, 164 
Melilotus, 392 

officinalis, 392 
Melissa, 392 

officinalis, 392 
Mentha crispa, 394 

piperita, 393 

viridis, 394 
Menyanthes, 395 

trifoliata, 395 
Mezereum, 395 
Millefolium, 86 
Momordica elaterium, 270 
Monarda, 896 

punctata, 396 
Monesia, 397 
Mora, 397 
Morphia, 397 



Morphiae acetas, 398 

bimeconas, 399 

citras, 399 

hydriodas, 400 

murias, 400 

nitras, 401 

phosphas, 401 

sulphas, 401 

tartras, 402 
Morus nigra, 397 

rubra, 397 
Moschus, 402 

moschiferus, 402 
Mucuna, 403 

pruriens, 403 
Myrcia, 404 

acris, 404 
Myristica, 404 

fragrans, 404 

moschata, 404 
Myrospermum toluiferum, 165 

peruiferum, 164 
Myroxylon Pereirae, 164 
Myrrha, 405 



NAPHTHALINA, 407 
Narcotina, 407 
Narcotinae murias, 408 
Narthex, 153 
Nectandra rodisei, 169 
Nepeta cataria, 212 
Nephrodium filix mas, 299 
Nicotiana tabacum, 566 
Nux vomica, 408 



OLE A EUROPE A, 412 
Oleum animale ernpyreu- 
maticum, 409 

cajuputi, 410 

jeoris aselli, 410 

morrhuae, 410 

olivae, 412 

ricini, 412 

terebinthinae, 413 

tiglii, 415 
Ophelia chirata, 221 
Opium, 417 
Opoponax, 429 

chironium, 429 
Opuntia cochinillifera, 236 
Origanum, 429 

majorana, 429 

vulgare, 429 
Ornus europaea, 387 
Oryza, 430 

sativa, 430 
Ovum, 430 
Oxalis acetosella, 85 



PANAX, 431 
quinquefolium, 431 

ehinseng, 43 I 
Pancreatinum, 431 
Papaver, 432 

rhoeas, 496 

somniferum, 417, 432 
Pareira, 433 

brava, 433 
Paullinia, 434 

sorbilis, 434 
Pepo, 434 



AND BOTANICAL NAMES. 



731 



Pepsinum, 434 
Petroleum, 435 
Petroselinum, 436 

sativum, 436 
Phloridzinum, 436 
Phosphorus, 436 
Physeter macrocephalus, 217 
Physostigma, 437 

venenosum, 437 
Phytolacca, 438 

decandra, 438 
Picraena excelsa, 480 
Pimenta, 438 
Pimpinella anisum, 137 
Pinus, 413 

palustris, 441, 442 

taeda, 441 
Piper, 439 

angustifolium, 390 

cubeba, 254 

longum, 440 

nigrum, 439 
Piperina, 440 
Piscidia erythrina, 440 
Pistacia lentiscus, 389 
Pix burgundica, 441 

canadensis, 442 

liquida, 442 

nigra, 443 
Platini bichloridum, 443 

et sodii chloridum, 444 
Platinum, 443 
Plumbi acetas, 444 

carbon as, 447 

chloridum, 448 

iodidum, 448 

nitras, 448 

oxidum, 449 

rubrum, 450 

saccharas, 450 

tannas, 450 
Plumbum, 444 
Podophyllum, 450 

peltatum, 450 
Polygala rubella, 451 

senega, 529 
Polygonum bistorta, 177 
Potassa, 452 

chlorinata, 453 
Potassii acetas, 453 

arsenitis liquor, 454 

arsenias, 454 

bicarbonas, 455 

bichromas, 458 

bisulphas, 455 

bitartras, 455 

boras, 457 

borotartras, 457 

bromidum, 458 

carbonas, 458 

chloras, 461 

chloridum, 461 

citras, 462 

cyanidum, 462 

et ammonii carbonas, 463 
sulphas, 463 
tartras, 464 

et magnesii sulphas, 464 

et sodii tartras, 464 

hypophosphis, 185 

iodas, 465 

iodidum, 465 

ioduretum, 468 

iodohydrargyras, 470 



Potassii nitras, 471 

oxalas, 472 

permanganas, 473 

silicas, 473 

sulphocyanidum, 474 

sulphas, 473 

sulphuretum, 474 

tartras, 477 
Potassium, 451 
Potentilla tormentilla, 573 
Prinos, 478 

verticillatus, 478 
Prunum, 478 
Prunus domestica, 478 

lauro-cerasus, 370 

virginiana, 478 
Pterocarpus marsupium, 363 

santalinus, 510 
Punica granatum, 316 
Pyrethrum, 479 



QUASSIA, 480 
amara, 480 

excelsa, 480 
Quercus, 481 

alba, 481 

infectoria, 304 

pedunculata, 481 

sessiliflora, 481 

tinctoria, 481 
Quinia, 482 
Quiniae acetas, 482 

arsenias, 482 

arsenis, 482 

bisulphas, 483 

citras, 483 

et ferri citras, 287, 483 
iodidum, 483 

et hydrargyri chloridum, 
484 

ferrocyanas, 483 

hydriodas, 483 
iodureta, 483 

kinas, 484 

lactas, 484 

murias, 484 

nitras, 485 

phosphas, 485 

sulphas, 485 

sulpho-tartras, 488 

tannas, 488 

tartras, 488 

valerianas, 488 



RANUNCULUS, 489 
buibosus, 489 
Resina, 489 
Rhamnus, 490 

catharticus, 490 
Rheum, 490 

officinale, 490 
Rhoeas, 496 
Rhus glabrum, 496 

toxicodendron, 573 
Ricinus communis, 412 
Rosa canina, 497 

centifolia, 497 

gallioa, 498 
Rosmarinus, 499 

officinalis, 499 
Rottlera, 500 

tinctoria, 500 



Rubia, 500 

tinctorum, 500 
Rubus canadensis, 501 

idaaus, 502 

villosus, 501 
Rumex, 502 

crispus, 502 
Ruta, 502 

graveolens, 502 



SABADILLA, 503 
Sabbatia, 503 

angularis, 503 
Sabina, 504 
Saccharum, 505 

lactis, 506 

officinarum, 505 
Sagapenum, 506 
Sago, 507 
Salicinum, 507 
Salix, 507 

alba, 507 
Salvia, 508 

officinalis, 508 
Sambucus, 509 

canadensis, 509 

nigra, 509 
Sanguinaria, 510 

canadensis, 510 
Santalum, 510 

album, 511 
Santonica, 510 
Sapo, 512 

durus, 512 

mollis, 512 

vulgaris, 512 
Sarothamnus scoparius, 528 
Sarsaparilla, 516 
Sassafras, 520 

officinale, 520 
Scammonium, 521 
Scilla, 522 

maritima, 522 
Scoparius, 528 
Scrophularia nodosa, 528 
Scutellaria, 528 

integrifolia, 528 

lateriflora, 528 

pilosa, 528 
Semen contra, 510 
Senega, 529 
Senna, 531 
Serpentaria, 535 
Scsamum, 536 

indieum, 536 

oriental e, 536 
Simaruba, 536 

excelsa, 480 

officinalis, 536 
Sinapis, 537 

alba, 537 

nigra, 537 
Smilax, 516 
Soda, 538 

chlorinata, 539 
Sodii acetas, 539 

arsenias, 540 

bicarbonas, 540 

bisulphas, 542 

boras, 542 

bromidum, 543 

carbolas, 544 

carbonas, 544 



3:2 



INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 



Sodii chloras, 545 

chloridum, 546 

citras, 547 

et potassii tartras, 464 

hypophosphis, 185 

hyposulphis, 547 

iodidum, 547 

nitras, 547 

phosphas, 548 

sulphas, 548 

sulphidum, 549 

sulphis, 549 

sulphuretum, 549 

tartras, 550 

valerianas, 550 
Sodium, 538 
Solarium dulcamara, 268 
Solidago, 540 

odora, 540 

virgaurea, 540 
Spigelia, 551 

marilandica, 551 
Spiraea, 552 

tomentosa, 552 
Spiritus setheris nitrosis, 552 
Spongia, 552 
Stanni chloridum, 553 

oxidum, 553 

sulphuretum, 554 
Stannum, 553 
Staphisagria, 554 
Statice, 554 

caroliniana, 554 
Stillingia, 554 

sylvatica, 554 
Stramonium, 555 
Strychnia, 557 
Strychniae acetas, 558 

iodas, 558 

murias, 558 

nitras, 558 

phosphas, 558 

sulphas, 558 



Strychnos ignatia, 349 

nux vomica, 178, 408 
Styrax, 559 

benzoin, 173 
Succinum, 560 
Sulphur, 561 
Sulphuris carburetum, 564 

iodidum, 565 
Sumbulus, 565 

moschatus, 565 
Symplocarpus foetidus, 268 



TABACUM, 566 
Tamarindus, 567 
indica, 567 
Tanacetum, 568 

vulgare, 568 
Tapioca, 568 
Taraxacum, 569 

dens leonis, 569 
Terebinthina, 571 
Testa praeparata, 183 
Theobroma cacao, 180 
Thus, 441 
Tilia Europaea, 572 
Tormentilla, 573 
Toxicodendron, 573 
Tragacantha, 574 
Trifolium fibrinum, 395 
Triosteum, 574 

perfoliatum, 574 
Triticum repens, 575 
Tussilago, 575 

farfara, 575 



ULMUS CAMPESTRIS, 575 
fulva, 576 
Uncaria gambir, 212 
Urginea scilla, 522 
Uva ursi, 576 



T7ALERIANA, 577 
V officinalis, 577 
Vanilla, 580 

aromatica, 580 
Veratria, 580 
Veratriae murias, 582 

nitras, 582 

sulphas, 582 
Veratrum album, 582 

sabadilla, 503 

viride, 583 
Veronica anagallis, 16 

beccabunga, 169 

virginica, 372 
Viola, 584 

odorata, 584 

pedata, 584 



WINTERA, 584 



XANTHORRHIZA, 585 
apiifolia, 585 
Xanthoxylum, 585 
fraxineum, 585 



ZINCI ACETAS, 585 
carbonas, 586 
chloridum, 586 
cyanidum, 587 
ferro-cyanidum, 588 
iodidum, 588 
lactas, 589 
nitras, 589 
oxidum, 589 
sulphas, 590 
sulpho-carbolas, 592 
valerianas, 592 
Zingiber, 593 

officinale, 593 



GENERAL INDEX 



Abbreviations in pharmaceuti 

cal formulae, 47 
Acetate of aluminium, 115 

ammonium, 124. 

barium, 167 

brucia, 178 

copper, 257 

iron, 279 

lead, 444 

magnesium, 380 

mercury, 331 

morphia, 398 

potassium, 453 

quinia, 482 

sodium, 539 

strychnia, 558 

zinc, 585 
Acetic acid, 86, 687 

cataplasm, 87 
clyster, 87 
diluted, 86 
glacial, 86 
mixture, 87 
Acetic ether, 104 
Acid, acetic, 86, 687 

camphorated, 87 

arsenious, 88, 687 

benzoic, 89 

boracic, 89, 688 

carbolic, 90, 695 

carbonic, 89, 688, 695 

chromic, 92 

citric, 92, 689 

gallic, 92 

hydriodic, 94 

hydrocyanic, 93, 689 

hydrosulphuric, 94 

lactic, 95 

muriatic, 96, 689 

nitric, 97, 690 

nitro-muriatic, 98 

oxalic, 98, 690 

phosphoric, 98 

polygalic, 530 

pyroligneous, 88 

succinic, 99 

sulphuric, 99, 691 

sulphurous, 100 

tannic, 100 

tartaric^ 101, 691 

valerianic, 102 
Acidometer, 34 
Acids, 69 
Aconite, 102 

extract, 102 



Aconite, extract of root, 103 
pills of, 103 
liniment, root, 103 
mixture, 104 
ointment, 103 

ammoniated, 104 
and chloroform, 103 
oleo-infusion, 103 
plaster, 103 

powder, compound, 102 
saccharated powder, 506 
tincture of leaves, 103 
Fleming's tincture, 595 
tincture of root, 103 
wine, compound, 103 
Aconitia, 104 
lotion, 104 
ointment, 104 
Acorn coffee, 4S1 
Acoustic balsam, 164, 595 
Adhesive plaster, 489 

Baynton's, 449 
Administration of medicines, 

63 
Aerometers, 33 
Affusion, 671 
Agaric, white, 177 

pills with opium, 177 
powder, 177 

with opium, 177 
Air in convalescence, 81 
Albumen, 107 

desiccated, 107 
water, 107 
iodated, 107 
Alcohol, 692 

ammoniated, 124 
aromatic, 123 
mixture, 124 
Vicat's anodyne, 124 
anisated, ammoniated, 124 
lotion, 124 
mixture, 124 
Algaroth, powder of, 139 
Alkalies, poisoning by, 692 
Alkaloids, 665, 704 
Allspice, 438 
bolus, 438 
essence, 439 
spirit, 439 
tincture, 439 
water, 439 
Almonds, 131 

bandoline, 135 
bitter, 131 



Almonds, butter, 131 

clyster, emollient, 133 
cold cream, 133 
confection, 1,32 
cream, 133 
emulsion, 133 

aromatic, 133 

nitrated, 133 
jelly, 608 
linctus, green, 133 

white, 133 
liniment, cosmetic, 134 
Lockstadt's pills, 134 
lotion, compound, 132 

Goulard's, 132 
Macassar oil, 134 
milk anodyne, 132 

artificial, 132 

of roses, 132 
oil, 133 

mixture, 134 

of bitter, 134 
paste, 131 
powder, 131 

compound, 132 
soap, 513 
sweet, 131 
syrup of orgeat, 132 
water of bitter, 133 

concentrated, 134 

diluted, 134 

diuretic, 134 
Aloes, 108 

clyster, anthelmintic, 112 
decoction, compound, 112 
electuary, laxative, 111 
elixir, Boerhaave's, 113 

Clauder's, 112 

Garus's, 114 

Stoughton's, 113 
enema, 112 
extract, 111 

with sulphuric acid, 
111 
injection, detersive, 112 
mixture, 112 

alkaline, 112 
ointment, 114 
pills, 108 

Anderson's, 109 

antichlorotic, 110 

aperient, 111 

and mastic, 109 

and rhubarb, 111 

Barthez's, 111 

( T33 ) 



734 



GENERAL INDEX 



Aloes pills, Bicker's, 110 
Chapman's, 109 
compound, 108 
Duchesne's, 110 
extract, 111 
Frank's, 111 
Fuller's, 110 
Hooper's, 109 
James's, 110 
Lady Webster's, 109 
Mitchell's, 109 
Morrison's, 109 
Peter's, 110 
Pittschaft's, 111 
StahTs aperient, 110 
Speediman's, 110 
splenetic, 110 
. Whytt's, 110 
with assafetida, L08 
blue mass, 111 
iron, 109 
myrrh, 109 

powder, 108 

and canella, 108 
compound, 108 
emmenagogue, 108 

purified, 108 

spirit of Garus, 113 

suppository, 111, 114 

tincture, 113 

compound, 113 
and myrrh, 113 
ethereal, 113 

wine, 112 

alkaline, 112 
balsamic, 112 
Alterative, Plummer's, 334 
Alum, 116 

saccharine, 116 

boluses, 116 

burnt, 116 

collyrium, 117 

curd, 117 

draughts, 119 

electuaries, 117 

errhine, 116 

gargles, 118 

injections, 118 

julep, 118 

liniment, 118 

lotions, 118 

ointment, 119 

Anglo-Saxon, 119 
chilblains, 119 
pile, 119 
Rust's, 119 

pills, 117 

with benzoic acid, 117 

powder, 116 

root, 323 

solution, 117 

odontalgic, 117 

whey, 118, 300 

aromatic, 119, 306 
Alumina, 115 

astringent, Rust's, 115 

electuary, 1 15 
Aluminium, hydrate, 115 

acetate, 1 15 

sulphate, 1 15 

wash, detergent, 116 
Amber, 560 

artificial rnu.sk, 560 

emulsion, 560 



Amber, artificial musk, tinc- 
ture, 560 
balsam, 561 
eau de luce, 561 
liniment, 561 
mixture of oil, 561 
oil, 560 

and copaiba, 561 

rectified, 560 
powder, fumigating, 560 
tincture, 561 

alkaline, 561 

ethereal, 561 
varnish, 606 
American centaury, 503 

extract, 504 

infusion, 504 

tincture, 504 
Colombo, 301 

infusion, 301 

tincture, 301 
hellebore, 583 

extract, 583 
fluid, 583 

mixture, 584 

ointment, 583 

pills, 583 

tincture, 583 

wine, 583 
hemp, 196 
senna, 210 

infusion, 210 
Ammonia, 121, 692 
gargle, 122 

Gondret's ointment, 122 
Granville's lotion, 122 
injection, 122 
liniment, 121 

terebinthinate, 123 

compound, 121 

sulphuretted, 123 
lotion, 122 
mixture, 122 

and ether, 122 
and chloride copper, 259 
opodeldoc, liquid, 123, 514 

Steer's, 123, 514 
plaster, 123 
solution, 123 
spirit, 123 

aromatic, 123 

fetid, 123 
sinapism, 122 
tincture, compound, 122 
water, 121 
Ammoniac, 119 
mixture, 120 

compound, 120 

with assafcetida, 120 

with castor, 120 

with nitric acid, 120 
pills, 119 

compound, 120 

De llaen's, 120 

Klein's, 120 

with rhubarb, 120 
plaster, 121 

with hemlock, 121 
mercury, 121 
purified, 119 
Ammoniated alcohol, 121 

anisated, 124 
elixir, 124 
lotion, 124 



Ammoniated alcohol, anisated 
mixture, 124 

aromatic, 123 

mixture, 124 
Vioat's, 124 
gold, 162 

pills, 162 
iron, 279 

bolus, 280 

mixture, 280 

pills, 280 

powder, 280 
Ammonio-citrate of bismuth, 
175 

of iron, 285 
tartrate of iron, 286 

solution, 287 
Ammonium acetate, 124 

cataplasm, 124 

collyrium, 124 

gargle, 125 

mixture, 125 

solution, 124 
arseniate, 125 

solution, 125 
bicarbonate, 125 
bromide, 125 
carbonate, 126 

aromatic, 126 

draught, 126 

drops, 126 

liniment, 127 

mixture, 126 

and ginger, 126 

ointment, 127 

pills, 126 

plaster, 127 

potion, 126 

pyro-oleous, 127 

solution, 126 

pyro-oleous, 127 
chloride, 127 

bolus, 127 

cataplasm, 128 

collutory, 128 

collyrium, 128 

draught, 128 

emulsion, 128 

fomentation, 127 

liniment, 128 

lotion, 127 

mixture, 128 

powder, 127 

wash, 128 
chloride, and silver, 146 

pills of, 146 
citrate, 128 

solution, 128 
hypophosphite, 185 
iodide, 128 

glycerite, 129 

liniment, 129 

ointment, 129 
nitrate, 129 

mixture, 129 
phosphate, 129 

effervescing draught, 
129 

solution, 129 
succinate, 129, 130 

liniment, 130 

mixture, 130 

solution, 129 

spirit, 130 



GENERAL INDEX. 



735 



Ammonium succinate, with 
ether, 130 
sulphate, 130 
sulphide, 130 

liniment, 130 
sulphuretted, 130 
syrup, 130 
Amorphous quinia, 482 
Anatomical injections, 598 
preservative, 598 
arterial and venous, 
599 
Anderson's pills, 109 
Anemone, 135 

collyrium. 136 
extract, 136 
pills, 136 
water, 136 
Angelica, 136 

conserve, 137 
essence, 137 
errhine mixture, 136 
spirit, compound, of fruit, 
136 
of root, 136 
tincture, 136 
tree, 145 
water, 136 
Angustura, 137 
electuary, 137 
infusion, 137 
mixture, 137 
tincture, 137 
Animal charcoal, 203 
fats, 665 

oil (Dippel' s), 409 
Anise, 137 

essence, 138 
lozenges, 138 
mixture, 138 
oil, 138 
spirit, 137 
star, 138 
tincture, 138 
water, 138 
Antacids, 70 

Anthelmintic purgative, 335 
Anthelmintics, 71 
Anthracokali, 205 
powder, 205 

compound, 205 
sulphuretted, 205 
Antihilious pills, 243 
Antidote, general, 687 

to arsenic, 293 
Anti-dysenteric opiate, 422 
Antilithics, 70 
Antimonial ethiops, 326 
powder, 140 

James's, 140 
pills, with calomel, 140 
wine, 144 
Antimony, 139, 691 
chloride, 139 

ointment, 139 
solution, 139 
oxide, 140 
oxysulphuret, 141 
sulphurated, 140 



Antimony, sulphuret, 140 
golden, 141 

powder, 142 
Kermes mineral, 141 
emulsion, 141 
lozenges, 141 
mixture, 141 
Kermesine powder, 141 

compound, 141 
lozenges, 140 
mixture, 142 
with lime, 142 
pills, 142 
plaster, 142 
ointment, 141 
pills, 140 
precipitated, 140 
sulphate, 142 

tartrate and potassium, 142 
Anti-odontalgic mass, 421 

paste, 389 
Antispasmodics, 70 
Apothecaries' measure, 26 

value in French mea- 
sure, 29 
value in imperial mea- 
sure, 27 
weight, 20 
Apple water, 609 
Approximative measures, 27,28 
Aqua fortis, 97, 690 
Arnica, 149 

decoction, 150 
extract, 149 
fomentation, 149 
and rue, 150 
infusion, 149 

compound, 149 
plaster, 150 

powder, compound, 149 
tincture, 150 
Aromatic bath, 499 
soap, 513 
vinegar, 87, 499 
Arrowroot, 388 
beef tea, 388 
milk, 388 
pudding, 388 
vanilla, 580 
water, 388 
Arseniate of ammonium, 125 
iron, 280 
potassium, 454 
quinia, 482 
sodium, 540 

solution, 540 
Arsenic, 88, 150, 687 
antidote, 293 
chloride, 150 

solution, 150 
iodide, 150 

ointment, 150 
pills, 150 
solution with bromine, 595 
with mercury, 151 
draught, 151 
tersulphuret, 151 
white, 88 
Arsenical solution, 88 



Arsenical soap, 513 
Arsenious acid, 88, 687 
cerate, 88 
ointment, 88 
pills, 89 

with opium, 89 
pepper, 89 
powder, 88 

compound, 88 
solution, 88 
Arsenite of potassium solution, 
454 
of quinia, 482 
Arteriotomy, 684 
Artificial asses' milk, 611 
milk, 132 
musk, 560 

sulphuretted water, 95, 
549 
Asarabacca, 152 

powder, compound, 152 
Asparagus, 153 

decoction of roots, 153 
extract of roots, 153 

shoots, 153 
mixture, 153 
syrup of shoots, 153 
Assafetida, 153 

Dewees's carminative, 156 
enema, 154 
mixture, 154 

compound, 155 
withoxymel squill, 155 
tolu, 155 
pills, 154 

with aloes, 108 
iron, 154 
lactucarium, 154 
musk, 154 
opium, 154 
plaster, 156 
purified, 153 
spirit, 156 
suppositories, 156 
syrup, 155 
tincture, 155 

alkaline, 155 
and castor, 156 
ethereal, 155 
and soot, 156 
water, compound, 155 
Asses' milk, artificial, 611 
Atropia, 156 

ointment, 157 
solution, 157 

of sulphate, 157 
syrup, 157 
tincture, 157 
sulphate, 156 
Avens, 311 

mixture, 312 

powder, compound, 312 

water, 311 

decoction, 311 
white, 311 
Avoirdupois weight, 17 
Azedarach, 164 
decoction, 164 
ointment, 164 



'36 



GENERAL INDEX. 



B 



Bael, 170 

fluid extract, 170 
Balm, 392 

infusion, 392 
spirit, compound, 392 
tea, 392 
water, 392 

antihysteric, 393 

concentrated, 392 
Balsam, acoustic, 164, 595 
amber, 561 
cloves, aromatic, 209 
Goulard's, 445 
Hoffmann's life, 165 
Locatelli's, 165 
Metz's, 258 
nervine, 370, 404, 499 
of nutmeg, 404 
of Peru, 164 

collutory, 165 

liniment, 164 

lotion mamillary, 164 

mixture, 165 

ointment, 165 

compound, 165 

pills, 164 

plaster, 165 

syrup, 165 

tincture, 165 
of tolu, 165 
soap, camphorated acetic, 

515 
sulphur, 563 

ethereal, 563 

terebinthinated, 563 
toothache, 421 
Turlington's, 174 
Bandoline, 135, 262, 413 
Banyer's ointment, 449 
Barberry, 174 
infusion, 175 
lemonade, 174 
Bari^i 167 

acetate, 167 

solution, 167 
carbonate, 167 
chloride, 168 

collyrium, 168 

mixture, 168 

pills, 168 

powders, 168 

solution, 168 
iodide, 168 

ointment, 169 

powder, 168 
sulphuret, 169 
Barley, 324 

decoction, 324 

compound, 324 

with nitrate of potass- 
ium, 325 
meal, 324 
sugar, 324 
mixture, 611 
Barlow's lotion, 476 
Baryta, 169, 693 

, liniment, 169 
solution, 169 
Basilicon oiutment, 489 



Bateman's drops, 427 
Bath, aromatic, 499 

cold, 667 

common salt and gelatin, 
546 

cool, 668 

douche, 670 

foot, 670 

hip, 670 

hot, 669 

hydrosulphuretted, 95 

hyposulphite sodium, 547 

iodide of iron, 291 

iodine, 352 

ioduretted, 468 

local, 670 

medicated, 671 

muriatic acid, 96 

nitro-muriatic acid, 97 

shower, 669 

sulphuret of potassium, 
476 
sodium, 550 

temperate, 668 

tepid, 668 

vapor, 670 

warm, 668 
air, 670 
Baths, 667 
Baume's hydrometer, 34 

table of agreement 
with sp. gr., 38, 39 

tincture, 350 
Bay myrtle, 404 

spirit, 404 
Baynton's plaster, 449 
Bay tree, 370 
Bearberry, 576 
Bebeerina, 169 

pills of sulphate, 169 

solution of sulphate, 169 
Beconi's soap, 513 
Beef essence, 608 

tea, 608 

arrowroot, 388 
Beef-marrow soap, 513 
Beer, ginger, 593, 610 

molasses, 611 

Peruvian, 232 

pipsissewa, 221 

sarsaparilla, 520 

spruce, 611 

tar, 442 

yeast, 277 

mixture, 277 
poultice, 277 
Beer's divine stone, 258 
Belladonna, 170 

cerate, 173 

clyster, 172 

extract, 171 

alcoholic, 171 
solution, 17 1 

fluid extract, 172 

fumigation, 171 

infusion, 171 

liniment, 172 

mixture, 172 

ointment, 173 



Belladonna, oleo-infusion, 172 
opiated, 171 
pills, compound, 171 

and camphor, 171 
plaster, 173 
powder, 170 

and rhubarb, 170 
saccharated, 506 
suppositories, 172 
syrup, 171 

Gillet's, 171 
tincture, 172 

ethereal, 172 
Blackett's, 595 
Belloste's pills,. 329 
Benne, 536 

infusion, 536 
oil, 536 
Benzoic acid, 89 

and copaiba mixture, 89 
and ipecacuanha powder, 

89 
mixture, 89 
Benzoin, 173 

balsam, Turlington's, 174 

emulsion, 174 

lard, benzoinated, 173 

lotion, 174 

milk of roses, 174 

oil, 174 

pastilles, fumigating, 173 

powder, 173 

fumigating, 173 
tincture, 174 

compound, 174 
wash, 174 
Bestucheffe's tincture, 284 
Bibromide of mercury, 332 
Bicarbonate of ammonium, 125 
of potassium, 455 
of sodium, 540 
Bichloride of platinum, 443 
Bichromate of potassium, 458 
Bimeconate of morphia, 899 
Biniodide of potassium, 468 

of quinia, 483 
Biscuit jelly, 607 
Bismuth, 175 

ammonio-citrate, 175 
subcarbonate, 175 

pills, 175 
subnitrate, 175 
glycerite, 176 
lotion, 176 
ointment, 176 

and tannin, 176 
pills, 176 
powder, compound, 

175 
troches, 176 
tannate, 176 
valerianate, 176 
Bistort, 177 

clyster, astringent, 177 
extract, 177 
infusion, 177 
mixture, 177 
Bisulphate of potassium, 455 
sodium, 54J 



GE1STEEAL INDEX. 



737 



Bisulphite of sodium and mag- 
nesium, 542 
Bitartrate of magnesium, 3S4 

of potassium, 455 
Bitter almonds, 131 

polvgala, 451 
Bittersweet, 268 
decoction, 269 

compound, 269 
extract, 269 
fluid, 269 
pills, 269 
infusion, 269 
mixture, 269 

and antimonial wine, 
145 
syrup, 269 
Black alder, 478 

decoction, 478 
drop, 425 

Guy's Hospital, 425 
Houlton's, 425 
Lancaster, 425 
Porter's, 425 
Rousseau's, 425 
draught, 533 
hellebore, 321 
extract, 321 

vino-alcoholic, 322 
pills, 322 
ointment, 322 
pill?!, compound, 321, 

322 
tincture, 322 

mixture, 322 
wine, eempound, 322 
ink, 603 
oak, 481 

oxide of iron, 294 
manganese, 386 
mercury, 341 
pepper, 43§ 

cataplasm, 440 
confection, 439 
electuary, 439 
oil, resinous, 439 
volatile, 439 
ointment, 439 
oleoresin, 439 
plaster, 440 
Ward's paste, 439 
pitch, 443 

ointment, 443 
pills, 443 
plaster, 443- 
purslane, 276 

infusion, 276 
snakeroot, 225 

decoction, 226 
extract, 226 

fluid, 226 
tincture, 226 
su-lphuret of mercury, 344 
wash, 341 
^Blackberry, 501 
decoction, 501 
extract, fluid, 501 
syrup, 501 
Blackett's tincture belladonna, 
ir 595 
31acking, 600 

for grates, 600 
31ancard's pills, 290 
Blancmange isinglass, 611 

47 



Blancmange riee, 611 
Blessed thistle, 215 

infusion, 215 

wine, 215 
Blistering cloth, cantharides, 
201 

court plaster, 201 

paper, 201 
Blisters, 76 
Blood-letting, 681 

general, 682 

topical, 684 
Bloodroot, 510 

infusion, 510 

pills, 510 

syrup, 510 

tincture, 510 

compound, 510 

vinegar, 510 
Blue gum tree, 275 

flag, 359 

ink, 604 

pills, 328 

and colocynth, 328 
and jalap, 328 
and quinia, 328 
and rhubarb, 328 
Boiled flower, 608 
Bolus, 641 

acetate of morphia, 398 
potassium, 453 

allspice, 438 

alum, 116 

ammoniated iron, 280 

burnt sponge, 553 

castor, 211 

catechu, 213 

chloride of gold, 160 

cinchonia, 233 

copaiba, 247 

croton oil, 514 

foxglove, 264 

ipecacuanha, 355 

iron, metallic, 278 

male fern, 299 

chloride ammonium, 127 

musk, 402 

narcotina, 407 

oxide of manganese, 386 

Peruvian bark, extract of, 
228 

pomegranate root, 316 

sal ammoniac, 127 

soap, 514 

sulphate of morphia, 398 

sulphuret of potassium, 
475 

tartar emetic, 143 

valerian and iron, 577 

sulphate of potassium, 
577 
Boneset, 275 

decoction, 275 

infusion, 275 

compound, 275 
Boot composition, 600 
Boracic acid, 89, 688 
collutory, 90 
mixture, 90 
Borate mercury, 331 

potassium, 457 

sodium, 542 
Borax, 542 

collutory, 542 



Borax, collyrium, 543 

gargle, 543 

glycerite, 543 

honey, 543 

liniment, 543 

lotion, 543 

lozenges, 542 

mixture, 543 

ointment, 543 

pills with aloes, 542 

powder, compound, 542 

vinegar, 543 

wash, cosmetic, 543 
Boullay's filter, 650 
Bowman's root, 276 
Box, 180 

oil, 180 
Boyle's fuming liquor, 130 
Bran tea, 609 
Brass, solder for, 605 
Brayera, 177 
Bread jelly, 607 
British oil, 435 
Bromide of ammonium, 125 

calcium, 183 

iron, 280 

mercury, 331 

potassium, 458 

sodium, 543 
Bromine, 178, 649 

lotion, 178 

ointment, 178 

solution, 178 

alcoholic, 178 
Brooklime, 169 

decoction, 170 

syrup, 170 

water, 169 
Broom, 528 

conserve, 528 

decoction, 528 

compound, 528 

extract, 528 

juice, 528 

tincture, 528 
Broth, mutton, 609 

vegetable, 607 
Brown mixture, 314 
Brucia, 178 

acetate, 178 

muriate, 178 

pills, 178 

solution, 178 

sulphate, 178 

tincture, 178 
Bryony, 179 

cataplasm, 179 

compound, 179 

wine, 179 
Buchu, 179 

extract, 179 
fluid, 179 

infusion, 179 

compound, 179 

tincture, 179 
Buckbean, 395 

elixir, bitter, 395 

extract, 395 

infusion, 395 

mixture, 395 

diuretic, 395 

pills, compound, 395 
Buckler's croup mixture, 357 

neuralgia liniment, 581 



738 



GENERAL INDEX 



Buckthorn, 490 
extract, 490 
syrup, 490 

Bug poison, 600 

Burdock, 369 

decoction, 369 
infusion, 369 



Burgundy pitch, 441 
pills, 441 
plaster, 441 
Burnt alum, 116 
hartshorn, 251 
sponge, 553 
sugar, 505 



Butter of almonds, 131 
cacao, 181 

mixture, 181 
ointment, 181 
Butternut, 361 

extract, 361 
Button snakeroot, 274 



C 



Cabbage-tree bark, 311 


Calcium, carbonate, 183 


Calomel powder with anti- 


decoction, 311 


dentifrice, 184 


mony, 334 


extract, 311 


electuary, 184 


and henbane, 334 


mixture, 311 


lozenges, 184 


anthelmintic, 335 


Cacao, 180 


mixture, 184 


with foxglove, 334 


butter, 181 


compound, 184 


gamboge, 335 


mixture, 181 


powder, aromatic, 183 


jalap, 334 


ointment, 181 


compound, 184 


and rhubarb, 


chocolate, aromatic, 180 


with opium, 


334 


cream, 181 


184 


nitrate of potass- 


salep, 181 


precipitated, 183 


ium, 335 


simple, 180 


prepared chalk, 183 


opium, 335 


vanilla, 180 


oyster shell, 183 


pink-root, 335 


white, 181 


chloride, 184 


Calves'-feet jelly, 608 


powders, compound, 180 


cataplasm, 184 


Camphor, 191 


palamoud, 180 


mixture, 185 


and chloroform, 194 


racahout, 180 


pills, 185 


ether, 194 


wakaka, 180 


solution, 184 


Hoffmann's anodyne, 


Cachou aromatise, 214 


hypophosphite, 185 


192 


Cadmium, 181 


solution, 185 


laudanum, 192 


iodide, 181 


syrup, 185 


milk, 193 


ointment, 181 


iodide, 185 


nitric acid, 192 


sulphate, 181 


pills, 185 


clyster, 194 


ointment, 182 


lactophosphate, mixture, 


collyrium, 195 


solution, 181 


183 


cough mixture, 195 


Caffeina citrate, 238 


syrup, 187 


essence, Ward's, 194 


pills, 238 


phosphate, 187 


emulsion, 193 


syrup, 238 


electuary, dentifrice, 


infusion, 193 


hypodermic injection, 238 


187 


liniment, 194 


Cahinca, 182 


hartshorn, burnt, 187 


and turpentine, 195 


decoction, 182 


powder, dentifrice, 187 


vinegar, 194 


extract, 182 


syrup, 187 


compound, 194 


Cajeput oil, 410 


sulphuret, 187 


ethereal, 194 


liniment, 410 


liniment, 188 


lotion, 194 


mixture, 410 


pills, compound, 188 


mixture, 193 


rectified, 410 


Calomel, 334 


and chloroform, 194 


spirit, 410 


collyrium, dry, 335 


ether, 194 


Cakes, soda, 611 


electuary with, 337 


myrrh, 193 


Calabar bean, 437 


pills, 335 


Parrish's, 193 


extract, 437 


and acetate of lead, 


monobromated, 195 


glycerite, 438 


335 


nitrate, 195 


hypodermic injection, 


and antimony, 336 


ointment, 195 


438 


catechu, 336 


compound, 195 


paper, 438 


colocynth, 336 


pills, 192 


powder, 438 


dandelion, 335 


and lactucarium, 192 


tincture, 438 


guaiacum, 336 


musk, 192 


Calamine, 182 


iron, 335 


tartar emetic, 143 


prepared, 182 


jalap, 336 


compound, 192 | 


cerate, 182 


opium, 337 


powder, 191 


Calamus, 182 


quinia, 335 


compound, 192 


extract, 183 


squill, 335 


spirit, 193 j 


fluid, 183 


cathartic, compound, 


tincture, 193 ( 


electuary, 182 


243 


and saffron, 193 j 


infusion, 182 


compound, 336 


ethereal, 193 


compound, 182 


ointment, 337 


mixture, 193 


tincture, 182 


with acetate of copper, 


water, 192 


compound, 183 


3;37 


mixture, 194 


Citlcium, IH.'i 


alum, 337 


wine, 193 


bromide, 183 


camphor, 337 


Camphorated acetic acid, 87 


mixture, 183 


squill, 337 


soap, 513 pj 



Camphorated tooth-powder, 194 

vinegar, 87 
Canada fleabane, 274 
extract, 274 

fluid, 274 
infusion, 274 
oil, 274 

mixture, 274 
pitch, 442 
Canella, 196 

and aloes, powder, 196 

tincture, 196 
Canet's plaster, 294 
Cantharides, 197, 694 
cerate, 199 
cloth, blistering, 201 
court-plaster, blistering, 

201 
decoction, 199 
emulsion, 197 
extract, 199 
cerate, 200 
ethereal, 199 
hairwash, 202 
infusion, 197 

acetic, 197 
liniment, 199 

aromatic, 201 
and camphor, 199 

soap, 199 
stimulating, 201 
liquid, blistering, 198 
oleo-infusion, 199 
ointment, 200 

compound, 200 
of extract, 200 
issue, 201 
paper, 201 

pills with camphor, 197 
capsicum, 197 
iron, 197 
plaster, 200 

camphorated, 200 
compound, 200 
odontalgic, 200 
perpetual, 200 
pitch, 200 
warming, 200 
pomatum, 201 
powder with camphor, 197 

savine, 197 
shampoo liquid, 202 
sparadrap, 201 
tincture, 198 

camphorated, 198 
compound, 198 
ethereal, 198 

camphorated, 199 
with guaiacum, 198 
vinegar, 198 
Cantharidal collodion, 201 
ether, 198 
taffeta, 201 
Capuchin powder, 503 
Caramel, 505 
Caraway, 207 

embrocation, 208 
essence, 208 
infusion, 207 
oil, 208 
spirit, 207 
water, 207 
Carbolic acid, 90, 695 
clay, 91 



GENERAL INDEX, 



Carbolic acid ether, 90 
gargle, 91 
glycerite, 90 
impure, 91 
inhalations, 90 
liniment, 91 
lotion, 91 
mixture, 91 
mouthwash, 91 
ointment, 91 
powder disinfectant, 90 
suppositories, 91 
vinegar, 90 
water, 90 
Carbon, iodide, 206 

ointment, 2^6 
bisulphide of, 564 
drops, 565 
liniment, 565 
mixture, 565 
Carbonate of ammonium, 126 
barium, 167 
bismuth, 175 
calcium, 183 
iron, 281 
lead, 447 
lithium, 376 

water, effervescent, 376 
magnesium, 380 
manganese, 385 
potassium, 458 

and ammonium, 463 
sodium, 544 
zinc, 586 
Carbonic acid, 91, 688 

water, 91 
Carburet of iron, 283 

sulphur, 564 
Cardamom, 206 

confection, 206 
extract, ethereal, 206 
powder, aromatic, 206 
tincture, 206 

compound, 206 
Carminative, Dalby's, 381 
Dewees's, 156, 381 
drops, 379 
Carrageen, 224 
decoction, 224 
jelly, 225 

dry, 225 
mixture, 225 
powder, saccharated, 225 
troches, 225 
Carron oil, 186 
Carrot, 206 

cataplasm, 207 
extract, 207 
infusion of fruit, 207 
ointment, 207 
Cartier's hydrometer, 35 
Cascarilla, 209 
extract, 209 

mixture, 209 
infusion, 209 

alkaline, 209 
powder, compound, 209 
tincture, 209 

concentrated, 209 
wine, compound, 210 
Cassia, purging, 210 

confection, 210 
mixture, 210 
pulp, 210 



739 

Castanello's powder, 607 
Castile soap, 512 
Castor oil, 412 

bandoline, 413 
clyster, 413 
emulsion, 413 

seeds, 413 
mixture, 413 

with ether, 413 
oleaginous, 412 
Castor, 211 
bolus, 211 
pills, 211 

and succinic acid, 211 
plaster, compound, 212 
powder, compound, 211 

saccharated, 506 
spirit, compound, 212 
tincture, 211 

ammoniated, 211 

compound, 212 

ethereal, 211 
Catalpa, 212 

decoction, 212 
Cataplasms, 674 

acetate of lead, 446 
acetate ammonium, 124 
acetic acid, 87 
anodyne, 346 
black pepper, 440 
bryony, 179 

compound, 179 
carrot-root, 207 
cayenne pepper, 203 
charcoal, 205 
chloride of calcium, 184 
chlorinated soda, 539 
clove, 209 
emollient, 375 
flaxseed, 375 

and bran, 375 
garlic, 107 
hemlock, 246 
hops, 326 
horseradish, 149 
iodine, 353 
lead, 446 
long pepper, 440 
mayweed, 252 
mercurial, 330 
mustard, 537 

compound, 537 
oak bark, 481 
oatmeal, 163 
Peruvian bark, 231 
powder for, 163 
pyroligneous acid, 88 
sal ammoniac,. 128 
slippery elm, 576 
soap, 515 
soot, 302 

subacetate of lead, 446 
tobacco, 567 
vinegar, 86 
yeast, 277 
Catechu, 212 
bolus, 213 

compound, 213 
collutory, 214 
electuary, 213 
infusion, 214 

compound, 214 
injection, 214 
lozenges, 213 



40 



G-ENEEAL INDEX, 



Catechu mixture, anti- emetic, 
214 

mixture with logwood, 214 

pale, 212 

pastilles, aromatic, 214 

pills with alum, 213 
liquorice, 213 

powder, compound, 213 

tincture, 214 
Cathartics, 71 
Catnep, 212 

infusion, 212 
Caudle, 611 
Caustic chloride of gold, 160 

potassa, 452 
Caustics, 77 
Cayenne pepper, 202 

cataplasm, 203 

cerate, 203 

extract, 203 

gargle, 202 

infusion, 202 

lotion, 203 

lozenges, 202 

oleo-resin, 203 

pills, 202 

syrup, 202 

tincture, 203 

concentrated, 203 
with cantharides, 203 

vinegar, 203 
Celandine, 219 

extract, 219 

mixture, 220 

pills, 220 
Celsius's thermometer, 46 
Cements, 601 

diamond, 349, 601 

for china, 601 

for the laboratory, 601 

shell lac, 367 
Centaury, 215 

bitter species, 215 

extract, 215 

mixture, 215 
pills, 215 

Portland powder, 215 

wine, compound, 215 

American, 503 
Centigrade thermometer, 46 
Cerate, 677 

acetate of lead, 445 

arsenical, 88 

carbonate of zinc, 586 

cayenne pepper, 203 

cherry -laurel, 371 

croton oil, 417 

eggs, 431 

Goulard's, 445 

Kirkland's, 590 

lead, 449 

mercurial, 330 

compound, 3.30 

opium, 423 

oxide of zinc and lycopo- 
dium, 590 

Peruvian bark, 231 

phosphorated, 437 

j. itch, 441 

red cedar, 303 

red sulphuret of mercury, 
345 

rosin, 489 

compound, 489 



Cerate, savine, 505 
simple, 216 
soap, 513 
spermaceti, 217 
subacetate of lead, 445 
sulphur, 564 
Cerium, 216 

oxalate, 216 
pills, 217 
Ceromel, 391 
Ceruse, 447 
Cetrarin, 219 

powder, 219 
Cevadilla, 503 

capuchin, 503 
extract, 503 

ointment, 503 
ointment, 503 
powder, compound, 503 
tincture, 503 
Chalk, 183 

mixture, 184 

prepared, 183 

Chalybeate water, artificial, 282 

Chamber utensils, 65 

Chamomile, 138 

extract, 138 

pills, compound, 139 
infusion, 138 
mixture, 139 
oleo- infusion, 139 
syrup, 139 

terebinthinated oil, 139 
German, 390 
Chapman's antidyspeptic pills, 
109 
aperient pills, 109 
Charcoal, animal, 203 
ointment, 204 
powder, 204 
purified, 203 
troches, 204 
cataplasm, 205 
electuary, 205 
lozenges, 205 
mineral, 205 
ointment, 205 
powder dentifrice, 204 
and quassia, 204 
compound, 204 
suppository, 205 
tooth-paste, 205 
wood, 205 
Chelsea pensioner, 563 
Cheltenham salts, 383 
Chemical food, 296 
Cherry-laurel, 370 
cerate, 371 
infusion, 370 
ointment, 371 
water, 370 

lotion, 371 
mixture, 371 
Chestnut leaves, 210 

decoction, 210 
fluid extract, 210 
Chicken j<-lly, 010 
panada, 609 
water, 608 
Chinoidin, 482 
Chinquapin, 211 
Chiretta, 221 

fluid extract, 221 
infusion, 221 



Chiretta tincture, 222 
Chloral hydrate, 222 
Chlorate of potassium, 461 

sodium, 545 
Chloride of ammonium, 127 

antimony, 139 

barium, 168 

calcium, 184 

copper and ammonium, 259 

gold, 160 

and sodium, 160 

iron, 283 

lead, 448 

manganese, 385 

potassium, 461 

quinia and mercury, 337, 
484 
pills, 337, 484 

silver, 146 J 

sodium, 546 

tin, 553 

zinc, 586 
Chlorinated lime, 188 

potassa, 453 

soda, 539 
Chlorine, 222, 680 

clyster, 222 

collutory, 222 

gargle, 222 

injection, 222 

inhalation, 223 

liniment, 223 

mixture, 223 

oil, 223 

ointment, 223 

water, 222 
Chlorodyne, 596 
Chloroform, 223 

emulsion, 224 

liniment, 224 

ointment, 224 

purified, 223 

spirit, 224 

tincture compound, 224 

water, 224 
Chloroplatinate of sodium, 444 

injection of, 444 
Chocolate, 610 

aromatic, 180 

cream, 181 

Iceland moss, 219 

milk, 610 

paullinia, 434 , 

purgative, 522 

salep, 181 

vanilla, 180 

white, 181 
Chrome, 695 
Chromic acid, 92 

solution, 92 
Cider mixture, 3G2 
Cinchonia, 233 

bolus, 233 

kinate, 233 

muriate, 233 

nitrate, 233 

phosphate, 233 

picrate, 233 

pills, 233 

sulphate, 233 
pills, 233 
mixture, 233 

syrup, 233 

tannate, 233 



GENERAL IKDEX. 



741 



Cinchonia, tartrate, 233 
tincture, 233 
wine, 233 
Cinnabar, 345 
Cinnamon, 234 

electuary, compound, 234 

essence, 235 

gargle, 235 

infusion, 234 

lozenges, 234 

oil, 235 

plaster, spiced, 235, 594 

powder, compound, 234 

saccharated, 506 
spirit, 235 

compound, 235 
syrup, 235 
tincture, 234 

compound, 235 
ethereal, 235 
gargle, 235 
vinegar, compound, 234 
water, 235 

spirituous, 235 
wine, 234 

compound, 234 
Citrate of ammonium, 128 
solution, 128 
caffeina, 238 
iron, 285 

and magnesium, 286 
and quinia, 287 
lithium, 376 
magnesium, 382 
morphia, 399 
potassium, 462 
quinia, 4S3 
Citrated effervescing powders, 

92 
Citric acid, 92, 689 

effervescing powder, 92 
lozenges, 92 
syrup, 92 
Citrine ointment, 340 
Clapp's pills, 336 
Cleanliness in sick room, 61 
Cloth, waxed, 216 
Cloves, 208 
bag, 209 

balsam, aromatic, 209 
cataplasm, 209 
infusion, 208 
mixture, odontalgic, 208 
oil, 208 
plaster, 208 

saccharated powder, 506 
spirit, 208 
tincture, 208 
water, 208 
wine, 208 
Clysters, 71 

acetate of morphia, 399 
acetic acid, 87 
anthelmintic, of aloes, 112 
assafetida, 154 
belladonna, 172 
bistort, 177 
camphor, 194 
castor oil, 413 
chlorine, 222 
colocynth, 243 
common salt, 546 

and arnica, 546 
copaiba, 249 



Clysters, cubebs, 256 
dandelion, 571 
egg, 430 

emollient, oil of almonds, 
133 
malt, 385 
ergot, 273 
flaxseed oil, 376 
iodine, 353 
laudanum, 424 

and valerian, 424 
musk, 403 
olive oil, 412 
opium, 424 
Peruvian bark, 231 
rhatany, 365 
soap, 515 

southernwood, 151 
stimulating, with nutmeg, 

405 
sulphate of magnesium, 3S3 
quinia, 488 
sodium, 549 
tartar emetic, 144 
tartarized soda, 465 
turpentine, 571 

oil, 414 
wormwood, 83 
Coating pills, 595, 643 
Cocculus indicus, 236 
ointment, 236 

picrotoxin, 236 
Cochineal, 236 

powder, compound, 596 
tincture, 236 

compound, 597 
with carbonate of potas- 
sium, 236 
common salt, 236 
Cocoa. See Cacao. 
Codeia, 237 

and muriate of morphia, 

237 
syrup, 237 
Cod-liver oil, 410 
compound, 411 
and ether, 411 
liniment, 411 
mixture, 410 
ointment, 411 

compound, 411 
pills, 411 
soap, 516 

ioduretted, 516 
syrup, 411 
Coffee, 237 

acorn, 481 
decoction, 237 
figs, 299 
milk, 610 
syrup, 237 
vinegar, 237 
Colchicum, 238 

extract bulb, 238 

acetic, 238 
alcoholic, 238 
fluid, 240 
juice, flowers, 241 
liniment, with camphor, 

241 
mixture, 241 

with ammonia, 241 
elaterium, 241 
magnesia, 240 



Colchicum mixture with squill, 
241 
sulphate magne- 
sium, 240 
oxymel, 240 
pills, 239 

compound, 239 

Lartigue's, 239 
syrup, 240 
tincture, flowers, 239 

root, 239 

seed, 239 

ethereal, 239 
and foxglove, 241 
compound, 239 
mixture, 240 
vinegar, root, 239 

seed, 240 

mixture, 241 
wine, compound, 240 

opium, 240 

root, 239 

seed, 239 
Cold bath, 667 

cream, 133, 217 

without spermaceti, 
217 
custard, 610 
Collodion, 242, 315 
carbolic, 242 
flexible, 315 
Collutory, balsam of Peru, 165 
boracic acid, 90 
borax, 552 

carbonate of potassium, 459 
catechu, 214 
chlorinated lime, 188 
chlorine, 222 
creosote, 253 
hemlock, 245 
lemon juice, 373 
mastich, aromatic, 389 
myrrh, 406 
nitric acid, 97 
pyroligneous acid, 88 
rhatany, 365 
rose-water, 498 
sal ammoniac, 128 
soot, 302 
Collyrium, acetate ammonium. 
124 

of lead, 445 

of zinc, 585 
alum, 117 
anemone, 136 
anodyne, 423 
antimonial wine, 144 
ioduretted potassium, 469 
borax, 543 
calomel, dry, 335 
camphor, 195 
carbonate of potassium, 459 
caustic potassa, 452 
chloride of ammonium, 128 

barium, 168 

gold, 160 
corrosive sublimate, 334 
iodide of zinc, 588 
iodine, 352 
nitrate of silver, 147 
saffron, 254 
sal ammoniac, 128 
strychnia, 558 
subacetate of lead, 445 



742 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Collyrium, sulphate of copper, 
261 
zinc, 591 

and camphor, 591 
wine of opium, 423 
Colocynth, 242 
clyster, 243 
extract, 242 

compound, 242 
mixture, 243 
pills, and henbane, 243 

compound, 243 
powder, 242 
prepared, 242 
tincture, 243 

mixture, 244 
Cologne water, 374 
Colombo, 190 

American, 301 
decoction, compound, 191 
extract, 191 

fluid, 191 
infusion, 190 

and ginger, 190 
rhubarb, 190 
mixture, 190 

and cascarilla, 191 
salep, 191 
pills, compound, 190 
powder and iron, 190 
magnesia, 190 
tartrate of iron, 190 
tincture, 191 

concentrated, 191 
Colored fires, 603 
Colors for show-bottles, 601 
Coltsfoot, 575 

decoction, 575 

compound, 575 
syrup, 575 
Common salt, 546 

bath, with gelatin, 546 
clyster, 546 

with arnica, 546 
fomentation, 546 
mixture with lemon-juice, 

546 
ointment, 546 

compound, 546 
powder, compound, 546 
with cochineal, 546 
Condy's disinfecting fluid, 473 
Confections, 646 
Confection acorns, 481 
almonds, 132 
aromatic, 206 
black pepper, 439 
cassia, 216 
copaiba, 248 
dog rose, 497 
ipecacuanha, 356 
opium, 421 
orange flowers, 159 

peel, 157 
roses, 498 
rue, 502 
Bcammony, 521 
senna, 631 

compound, 5-32 
Conia, embrooal ion, 210 

hypodermic injection, 246 
Consei i • ■-, 646 

Conserve of acetato of potas- 
sium, 463 



Conserve of angelica, 137 
broom, 528 
violets, 584 
Contrayerva, 246 
decoction, 247 
extract, 247 
gargle, 247 
mixture, 247 
powder, compound, 246 
tincture, 247 

compound, 247 
Cool bath, 668 
Copahine-Mege, 249 
Copaiba, 247 
boluses, 247 
clyster, 249 
confection, 248 
emulsion, 248 
injection, 248 
mixture, 248 

resin, 249 
oil, 249 
paste, 250 
pills, 247 

and cubebs, 248 
cubebs and turpentine, 
248 
tincture, 249 

alkaline, 249 
compound, 249 
Copal varnish, 606 
Copper, 257, 696 
solder for, 605 
acetate, 257 

pills, 257 
ammoniated, 259 
gargle, 260 
injection, 259 
ointment, 260 
pills, 259 

compound, 260 
powder, with bella- 
donna, 259 
solution, 259 
chloride, 259 

and ammonium, 259 
cupreous ether, 259 
Koechlin's drops, 259 
solution, with mer- 
cury, 259 
subacetate, 258 

balsam, Metz's, 258 
liniment, 259 
lotion, compound, 258 
ointment, 258 

Egyptian, 258 
with alum, 258 
plaster, 258 
powder, with savine, 

258 
prepared, 258 
wash, ophthalmic, 258 
eulphate, 260 

aluminated, 260 
oollyrium, 261 
electuary, 261 
gargle, 261 
lotion, 261 
injection, 261 
ointment, 261 
pills, 260 

and opium, 260 
compound, 260 
powder, 200 



Copper, sulphate, powder, com- 
pound, 260 
styptic, 261 
Cordial, Godfrey's, 428 

Warner's, 494 
Coriander, 250 

powder, compound, 250 
tincture, 250 
water, compound, 250 
Corpse, preservation of, 598 
Corrosive sublimate, 332 
collyrium, 334 
injection, 334 
lotion, 333 

Bateman's, 333 
cosmetic, 333 
White's, 333 
with camphor, 333 
copper, 333 
mixture, 333 
pills, 332 

compound, 332 
powder with copper, 
332 
zinc, 332 
solution, 332 

alcoholic, 332 
tincture, antacrid, 333 
wash, cosmetic, 334 
yellow, 342 
Cosme's arsenical powder, 88 
Cotton, 314 

bark of root, 315 

fluid extract, 315 
decoction of root, 315 
Couchgrass, 575 
extract, 575 
liquid, 575 
Court plaster, 348 
Cowhage, 403 

electuary, 403 
ointment, 403 
Coxe's hive syrup, 524, 530 
Cranesbill, 310 
decoction, 310 
extract, 310 

fluid, 311 
syrup, aromatic, 310 
Cream, almond, 133 
chocolate, 181 
cold, 133, 217 

without spermaceti, 
217 
of tartar, 455 
soluble, 457 
Creasote, 252 

collutory, 253 
inhalation, 253 
lotion, 253 
mixture, 252, 253 
ointment, 253 

compound, 253 
pills, 252 

solution, alcoholic, 252 
water, 253 
Croton oil, 4 15 
bolus, 115 
cerate, 4 17 
embrocation, 417 
emulsion, 416 
liniment, 417 
lozenges, 416 
mixture, 416 
ointment, 417 




GENERAL ISDBI, 



743 



Croton oil pills, 415 

compound, 416 
with blue mass, 416 
quinia, 416 
plaster, 417 
soap, 416 

solution, saponaceous, 417 
tincture, 416 
Crowfoot, 489 
Cubebs, 254 
clyster, 256 
electuary, 255 
fluid extract, 256 
extract, emulsion, 256 

alcoholic ethereal, 256 
injection, 255 
lozenges, 255 



Cubebs lozenges, alcoholic ethe- 
real extract, 256 
mixture, 256 

oil and copaiba, 257 
oil, 257 
oleo-resin, 256 
powder, 255 

and alum, 255 
ergot, 255 
hemlock, 255 
syrup, alco-ether, extract, 

257 
tincture, 256 

ethereal, 256 
Cubic nitre, 547 
Cuckoo flower, 206 



Cucumber, 257 

ointment, 257 
Culver's root, 372 
Cumin, 262 

plaster, 262 
Cupping, 684 
Curd, alum, 117 
Cusso, 177 

infusion, 177 
Custard, cold, 610 

rice, 610 
Cyanide of gold, 161 

mercury, 337 

potassium, 462 

silver, 146 

zinc, 587 



D 



Dalby's carminative, 381 
Dandelion, 569 
clyster, 571 
decoction, 569 
extract, 569 

fluid, 569 

and senna, 570 

pills, 570 

with blue mass, 
570 
infusion, 569 

compound, 569 
juice, 570 
mixture, 570 
De Lisle's thermometer, 46 
Decoctions, 648 

aloes, compound, 112 
arnica, 150 
asparagus roots, 153 
azedarach, 164 
barley, 324 

compound, 324 
bittersweet, 269 

compound, 269 
black alder, 478 

snakeroot, 226 
blackberry root, 501 
boneset, 275 
brooklime, 170 
broom, 528 

compound, 528 
burdock, 369; 
cabbage-tree bark, 311 
cahinca, 182 
cantharides in turpentine, 

199 
carrageen, 224 
catalpa, 212 
chestnut leaves, 210 
coffee, raw, 237 
coltsfoot, 575 

compound, 575 
columbo, compound, 191 
cititrayerva, 247 
cotton-root, 315 
cranesbill, 310 
dandelion, 569 
dock root, 502 
dogwood, 251 
elder bark, 509 



Decoction, elecampane, 350 
elm bark, 575 

compound, 576 
figs, 299 

compound, 299 
galls, 305 
geranium, 310 
guaiacum wood, compound, 

317 
hairy horebound, 164 
hardhack, 164 
horehound, compound, 388 
horse balm, 242 
horsechestnut bark, 324 
compound, 324 
Iceland moss, 218 
Indian hemp, 145 

sarsaparilla, 323 
ipecacuanha, 356 
Irish moss, 224 
logwood, 320 
madder, 501 
common mallow, 385 
marsh rosemary, 554 
marshmallow, 114 
matico, 390 
mezereon, 395 

compound, 396 
New Jersey tea, 215 
oak bark, 481 
oatmeal, compound, 163 
Pareira brava, 433 
yellow Peruvian bark, 228 
and cascarilla, 
229 
rhatany, 
229 
compound, 229 
pipsissewa, 220 

compound, 221 
pomegranate rind, 316 

root, 316 
poppy heads, 432 
prickly ash, 585 
queen's root, 555 
quince seed, 262 
sarsaparilla, 516 

compound, 516 

Feltz's, 517 

Jauperand's, 517 



Decoction, sarsaparilla, Vi- 
nache's, 517 
Zittmann's, 517 

seneka, 529 

soot, 301 

stavesacre, 554 

tormentil, 573 

uva ursi, 576 

water avens, 311 

white hellebore, 532 

wild indigo, 167 

willow bark, 508 

woods, 317 

wormseed, 220 
Delcroix-'s depilatory, 151 
Delphinia, 263 

ointment, 263 

solution, 263 
Demulcents, 73 
Dentifrice, 602 

bitartrate potassium, 455 

burnt hartshorn, 251 

charcoal, 204 

chlorinated lime, 188 

electuary, 184, 187 

mastich, 389 

orris root, 358 

Peruvian bark, 227 

phosphate of calcium, 187 

rhatany, 364 

sulphate of quinia, 488 

tincture of myrrh and 
borax, 407 

willow bark, 508 

with carbonate of calcium, 
187 
Depilatories, 602 

orpiment, 151 
Desault's ophthalmic ointment, 

343 
Deshler's salve, 489 
Dewberry, 501 
Dewees's carminative, 156, 381 

tincture of guaiacum, 319 
Dextrin, 263 

purified, 265 

dry narcotic extracts, 263 
Diachylon, 449 
Diapalma plaster, 449 
Diaphoretics, 73 



744 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Di-arsenite of quinia, 482 
Dicas's hydrometer, 36 
Dietetic preparations, 607 
Diet-drink, Lisbon, 517 
Diet in convalescence, 81 
Digestif anime, 560 
Digitalin, 267 

injection hypodermic, 267 

pills, 267 

granules, 268 
Digitalis, 264 
Dill, 136 

water, 136 
Diluents, 74 

Dinneford's fluid magnesia, 381 
Dinner pills, 109 
Dippel's animal oil, 409 

liniment, 409 

mixture, 409 

tincture, 409 
Disinfecting liquid of Ledoyen, 

448 
Displacement, 649 
Distillation, 656, 660 
Distilled oils, 659 

waters, 656 
Dittany, 257 



Eau des Carmes, 393 

de Dardel, 393 

de Javelle, 453 

de luce, 122, 561 

medicinale de Husson, 239, 
241, 317, 582 

de Pagliari, 596 
Effervescing draught, 455, 462 

powders, 92, 102, 455, 540, 
541 
Egg, 430 

cerate, 431 

clyster, emollient, 430 
restorative, 430 

emulsion, 430 

glyconin, 431 

liniment, 431 

mixture, 430 

with brandy, 431 
wine, 431 

oil, 430 
Elaometer, 38 
Elaterin, 270 

tincture, 270 
Elaterium, 270 

mixture, 270 

oil, 270 

pills. 270 
Elder, 509 

deooction of bark, 509 

extract of berries, 509 
mixture, 509 

fomentation, 509 

gargle, 509 

ointment, 510 
leave?, 509] 

vinegar, 509 

water of flowers, 509 
Elecampane, 850 

decoction, 350 



Dittany, infusion, 257 

oil, 257 
Diuretics, 74 
Divine stone, 258, 260 
Dock, 502 

decoction, 502 
Dog rose, 497 

confection, 498 
Dogsbane, 145 
Dog's grass, 575 
Dogwood, 251 

decoction, 251 

extract, fluid, 251 

pills, 251 

Jamaica, 440 

round-leaved, 251 

wine, 252 

swamp, 251 
Dolichos, 403 
Donovan's solution, 151 
Dose of medicine, 65 
Douche, 670 
Dover's powder, 354 
eclectic, 429 
Draughts, 655 

alum, 119 



E 



Elecampane, extract, 350 

mixture, 350 

oxymel, compound, 351 

pills, compound, 350 
Electuaries, 646 
Electuary, alumina, 115 

dentifrice, 184-187 

laxative, 111 

for teeth, 115 

of alum, 117 

angustura, 137 
bitartrate of potas- 
sium, 456 
black oxide of iron, 
294 
pepper, 439 

burnt sponge, 553 

calamus, 182 

calomel, 337 

catechu, 213 

charcoal, 205 

cinnamon, compound, 234 

cowhage, 403 

cubebs, 255 

indigo, 350 

jalap, 360 

juniper,. 362 

kino, 364 

lenitive, 531 

logwood, extract of, 320 

male fern, 300 

orange leaves, 158 
peel, 157 

Peruvian bark, 230 
astringent, 230 
with catechu, 230 
iron, 230 
tin, 230 

pomegranate root, 316 

rhatany, 305 



Draughts, anodyne, 428 

black, 533 

carbonate ammonium, 126 

effervescing, 455, 462 

morphia, 398 

muriatic acid, 96 

sal ammoniac, 128 

solution, iodide of arsenic 
and mercury, 151 

sugar of milk, 506 

sulphate of potassium, ef- 
fervescing, 455 

Vienna, 533 
Drops, 28, 666 

Bateman's, 427 

Battley's, 427 

black, 425 

earbonate ammonium, 127 

carminative, 379 

Koechlin's, 259 

odontalgic, 421 

sulphuret carbon, 565 

table of, 29 

toothache, 422 
Dry lemonade, 92 
Dupuytren's pills, 332 




Electuary, rhubarb, 492 

roses, 498 

scurvy grass, 236 

semen contra, 511 

senna and cream of tartar, 
532 
figs, 532 
rhubarb, 532 
sulphur, 532 

soap, 515 

squill, 527 

sulphate of copper, 261 
sodium, 548 

sulphur, 562, 563 
compound, 562 

sulphuret of potassium, 475 

tamarinds, 568 

tin, 553 

turpentine, 571 

valerian, 578 

Virginia snakeroot, 535 
Elemi, 271 

cautery, 271 

ointment, 271 

plaster, 271 
Elixir bismuth, citrate, 597 

bitter, 395 

Boerhaave's, 113 

calisaya bark, 597 

iron, 597 

cinchona, compound, 597 
and iron, 597 

Clauder's, 112 

French, 561 

Garus's, 114, 254 

gentian and iron, 309, 598 

Haller's, 1)9 

Hoffmann's visceral, 159 

hops, 325 

ipecacuanha, 358 



GENERAL INDEX. 



745 



Elixir, iron, citrate, 597 

pyrophosphate, 597 
quinia and strychnia, 
558, 598 

Lettsom's, 428 

life, 113 

liquorice, 124 

Mynsicht's, 99 

opium, 41S 

orange-peel, 158 

pectoral, 124 

pepsin, 597 

proprietatis, 113 

red, 597 

sacrum, 494 

salutis, 532 

scammony, 522 

simple, 158, 597 

Stoughton's, 113 

sumbul, 566, 597 

valerianate of ammonium, 
131, 597 
and quinia, 597 

vitriol, 99 

Wedell's, 525 
Elm bark, 575 

decoction, 575 

compound, 576 

infusion, compound, 576 

slippery, 576 

cataplasm, 576 
mucilage, 576 
Elutriation, 640 
Embrocation, caraway, 208 

conia, 246 

croton oil, 417 

petroleum, 435 
Embrocations, 675 
Emetic, tartar, 142 
Emeties, 74 
Emetina, 271 

impure, 271 

lozenges, 271 

mixture, 271 

pure, 271 

syrup, 271 
Emmenagogues, 75 
Emollients, 73, 674 
Emulsions, 655 

almond, 133 

aromatic, 133 

anthelmintic, 413, 533 

artificial musk, 560 

bicarbonate sodium, 540 

benzoin, cosmetic, 174 

camphor, 193 

cantharides, 197 

carbonate of potassium, 
459 

castor-oil seed, 413 

chloroform, 224 

copaiba, 248 

croton oil, 416 

cubebs, ethereal extract, 
256 

egg, 430 

hemp seed, 196 

iodoform, 354 1 

jalap, 360 

kermes mineral, 141 

lupulin, 378 

manna, 387 

nitrated, 133, 472 

opoponax, 429 



Emulsions, purgative, 383 
sal ammoniac, 128 
scammony, 522 

compound, 522 
seneka, 530 
squill, 526 

sulphate sodium, 549 
tartar emetic, 143 
tolu, 166 
vermifuge, 414 
Enemata, 71 
Epispastics, 75 
Epsom salts, 383 
Ergot, 272 

clyster, 273 
extract, 273 

fluid. 272 

hydro-alcoholic, 273 
infusion, 272 
injection, 273 
mixture, 273 

extract, 273 
oil, 273 
pills, 273 

compound, 273 

extract, 273 
powder, compound, 273 
syrup, 272 
tincture, 272 

ethereal, 272 
wine, 272 
Ergotin, 273 

mixture, 273 
pills, 273 
Errhine, alum, 116 

euphorbium, 276 
Errhines, 77 
Escharotics, 77 
Essences, 666 
Essence of allspice, 439 
angelica, 137 
anise, 138 
beef, 608 
caraway, 208 
cinnamon, 235 
fennel, 301 
ginger, 594 

lavender, compound, 372 
lemon, 372 
nutmeg, 405 
peppermint, 393 
roses, 498 
sarsaparilla, 518 

compound, 518 
soap, 515 

camphorated, 515 
spearmint, 394 
vanilla, 580 

Ward's, for headache, 194 
Essential oils, 659 
Ether, acetic, 104 

mixture, 105 

spirit, 105 
cantharidal, 198 
chlorated spirit, 105 
chloric, 324 
cupreous, 259 
hydrocyanic, 105 
hyponitrous, 552 
muriatic, 105 

mixture, 105 

spirit, 105 
nitrous, 552 

sweet spirit, 552 



Ether, nitrous, sweet spirit, 
mixture, 552 
phosphorated, 437 
sulphuric, 105 

ethereal oil, 106 
Hoffmann's anodyne, 

106 
lotion, 106 

mixture with camphor, 
106 
turpentine, 106 
spirit, 106 
syrup, 106 
terebinthinated, 106 
Ethereal oil, 106 
Ethiops mineral, 344 
Eucalyptus, 275 
extract, 275 
infusion, 275 
syrup, 275 
tincture, 275 
Euphorbium, 276 
oil, 277 
plaster, 277 
sternutatory, 276 
tincture, 277 
Evacuations, utensils for, 65 
Examination of excretions, 63 
Exercise in convalescence, 81 
Expectorants, 78 
Extracts, 644 
Extract of aconite, 102 
aloes, 111 

American centaury, 504 
hellebore, 583 
hemp, 196 
anemone, 136 
arnica, 149 
asparagus roots, 153 

shoots, 153 
belladonna, 171 

alcoholic, 171 
bistort, 177 
bittersweet, 269 
black hellebore. 321 

alcoholic, 322 
black snakeroot, 226 
broom, 528 
buchu, 179 
buckbean, 395 
buckthorn, 490 
butternut, 361 
cabbage-tree bark, 311 
cahinca, 182 
Calabar bean, 537 
calamus, 183 
Canada fleabane, 274 
cantharides, 199 
ethereal, 199 
cardamom, 206 
carrot root, 207 
cascarilla, 209 
cayenne pepper, 203 
celandine, 219 
centaury, 215 
cevadilla, 503 
chamomile, 138 
colchicum bulb, 238 
acetic, 238 
colocynth, 242 

compound, 242 
columbo, 191 
contrayerva, 247 
cubebs, 256 



746 


GENERAL INDEX. 




Extract of cubebs, alcoholic- 


Extract of lettuce, 368 


Extract of pinkroot, com 


ethereal, 256 


liquorice, 313 


pound, 551 


dandelion, 569 


lobelia, acetic, 377 


pipsissewa, 221 


elder berries, 509 


logwood, 370 


poison oak, 573 


elecampane, 350 


lupulin, 378 


pomegranate-root, 316 


ergot, 273 


malt, 384 


poppy heads, 432 


eucalyptus, 275 


marigold, 189 


quassia, 480 


fever-root, 575 


matico, 390 


rhatany, 364 


foxglove, 264 


may apple, 451 


rhubarb, 493 


galls, 305 


mezereon, 396 


rue, 502 


gentian, 308 


myrrh, 406 


sarsaparilla, 518 


geranium, 310 


nux vomica, 408 


savine, 504 


Goulard's, 445 


aqueous, 408 


seneka, 530 


guaiacum wood, 317 


oak bark, 481 


eenna, alcoholic, 531 


hardhack, 552 


opium, acetous, 418 


squill, 527 


hemlock, 244 


alcoholic, 418 


acetic, 527 


alcoholic, 244 


aqueo-alcoholic, 418 


stramonium leaves, 555 


hemp, 196 


aqueous, 418 


seed, 555 


purified, 196 


by fermentation, 418 


succory, 225 


henbane, alcoholic, 346 


denarcotized, 418 


tansy, 568 


aqueous, 346 


roasted, 418 


tobacco, 566 


hops, 325 


vinous, 418 


tormentil, 573 


horehound, 388 


pareira brava, 433 


uva ursi, 576 


horse-chestnut, 324 


paullinia, alcoholic, 434 


valerian, 579 


ignatia, 349 


pellitory, 479 


willow bark, 508 


Indian hemp, 145 


Peruvian bark, 228 


wood sorrel, 85 


ipecacuanha, 355 


aqueous, 227 


wormwood, 83 


jalap, 359 


precipitated, 228 


yellow root, 585 


alkaline, 360 


vinous, 227 


Eyebright, 277 


juniper, 362 







Fahrenheit's hydrometer, 33 

thermometer, 46 
False sarsaparilla, 145 
Fats, 665 
Felt splints, 605 
Fennel, 300 

essence, 301 
infusion, 300 
oil, 301 
ointment, 301 
powder, compound, 300 
water, 300 
Fern, male, 299 

bolus, 299 
electuary, 300 
extract, ethereal, 300 

pills, 300 
jelly, 300 
mixture, 300 
oleo-resin, 300 
pills, 300 
powder, 299 
Ferrocyanate of quinia, 483 
Ferrocyanide of iron, 288 

zinc, &87 
Ferro-sulphuret of potassium, 

475 
Fever-root, 574 

extract, 575 
Fever tree, 275 
Figs, 209 

ooffee, 299 
decoction, 299 

compound, 299 
gargle, 299 
pa I-, 299 
Figwort, 528 

oiutment, 528 



Figwort oleo-infusion, 528 
Filter, Boullay's, 650 
Fires, colored, 603 
Fixed oils, 665 
Flaxseed, 375 

cataplasm, 375 

with bran, 375 

charcoal, 375 
clyster of oil, 376' 
infusion, compound, 375 
meal, cataplasm, 375 

compound, 375 
mixture, 375 
mucilage, 375 
Fleabane, 274 
Canada, 274 

extract, 274 
fluid extract, 274 
infusion, 274 
oil, 274 

mixture, 274 
Fleming's tincture of aconite, 

595 
Flies, Spanish, 197 
Florentine orris, 358 
Flour, boiled, 608 
Fluid extract of American hel- 
lebore, 583 
belladonna, 172 
bittersweet, 269 
blackberry, 501 
black snakeroot, 226 
buchu, 179 
calamus, 183 
Canada erigeron, 274 
chestnut leaves, 210 
. chiretta, 221 

colchicum root, 240 



Fluid extract of colchicum seed, 
240 
cotton root, 315 
couch grass, 575 
crane's bill, 311 
cubebs, 256 
dandelion, 569 

and senna, 570 
digitalis, 265 
dogwood, 251 
ergot, 272 
gentian, 308 
ginger, 593 
henbane, 346 
hops, 325 
hydrastis, 346 
ipecacuanha, 356 
ladies' slipper, 262 
liquorice root, 314 
lobelia, 377 
lupulin, 378 
matico, 390 
mezereon, 395 
opium, 418 
pareira, 433 
Peruvian bark, 229 
pinkroot, 551 

and senna, 552 

compound, 552 
rhubarb, 493 

and senna, 493 
sarsaparilla, 518 

compound, 518 
savine, 505 
senega, 529 
senna, 534 
squill, 527 
stillingia, 555 



GENERAL INDEI, 



747 



Fluid extract of sumach, 496 
sumbul, 566 
uva ursi, 577 
valerian, 579 
vanilla, 580 
Virginia snakeroot, 

535 
wild cherry, 479 
yellow jasmine, 307 
Flummery of oatmeal, 163 
Fomentations, 673 
Fomentation, arnica, 149 
with rue, 150 
aromatic, 499 
carbonate of potassium, 

459 
common salt, 546 
nitric acid, 97 
opium, 424 
phosphoric acid, 98 
sal ammoniac, 127 
sulphate of zinc, 591 



Fomentation, wine of opium, 

424 
Foreign weights, 21 
Fowl, with rice, 609 
Fowler's solution, 454 
mixture, 454 
iodine and arsenic, 
454, 595 
Foxglove, 264 
bolus, 264 
extract, 264 

alcoholic, 264 
fluid, 265 
infusion, 265 

mixture, expectorant, 266 
with acetate of lead, 266 
with acetate of potas- 
sium, 265 
with tartaric acid, 266 
ointment, 266 
pills, 265 

and squill, 265 



Foxglove plaster, 267 
powder, 264 

saceharated, 506 
syrup, 267 
tincture, 266 

ethereal, 266 
mixture, 266 
vinegar, 266 
wine, 266 
Frankincense, 441 
Frictions, 675 
Frostweed, 321 
Frumenty, 610 
Fuligokali, 302 
ointment, 302 
sulphuretted, 302 
pills, 302 
Fumigations, 680 
Fumigation with belladonna, 

171 
Furniture of sick room, 63 
varnish, 606 



G 



Galbanum, 303 


Gargle, carbolic acid, 91 


Gentian mixture, sulphuric 


mixture, 303 


cayenne pepper, 202 


acid, 310 


pills, compound, 303 


chlorate of sodium, 546 


pills, compound, 308 


plaster, 303 


chlorinated soda, 539 


powder, compound, 308 


compound, 304 


chlorine, 222 


syrup, 309 


saffron, 304 


cinnamon, tincture, 235 


tincture, 310 


purified, 303 


contrayerva, 247 


acidulated, 310 


tincture, 303 


cyanide of mercury, 338 


alkaline, 310 


compound, 303 


elder flowers, 509 


ammoniacal, 310 


Gall, ox, 277 


figs, 299 


compound, 310 


Gallate of iron, 288 


galls, 305 


mixture, 310 


Gallic acid, 92 


iodine, 353 


with sulphuric acid, 310 


glycerite, 93 


mercurial, 327 


wine, 309 


injection, 93 


muriatic acid, 96 


compound, 309 


mixture, 93 


mustard, 537 


German chamomile, 390 


pills, 93 


myrrh, 406 


infusion, 391 


syrup, aromatic, 93 


nitrate of potassium, 472 


oleo-infusion, 391 


Galls, 304 


oak bark, 481 


syrup, 390 


decoction, 305 


Peruvian bark, 232 


water, 391 


extract, 305 


pomegranate rind, 316 


German pills, 360 


ointment, 305 


sage, 509 


Ginger, 593 


gargle, 305 


scurvy grass, 237 


beer, 593, 610 


infusion, 305 


subacetate of lead, 445 


powders, 541 


compound, 305 


sulphate of copper, 261 


essence, 594 


lotion, 305 


quinia, 488 


extract, fluid, 593 


ointment, 306 


zinc, 591 


infusion, 593 


compound, 305 


tannic acid, 101 


lozenges, 593 


powder, compound, 304 


tormentil, 573 


oil, 594 


syrup, aromatic, 305 


vinegar, 86 


oleo-resin, 594 


tincture, 305 


Garlic, 107 


syrup, 594 


Gambir, 212 


cataplasm, 107 


spice plaster, 594 


Gamboge, 306 


liniment, 107 


syrup, 593 


mixture, 306 


lotion, capillary, 107 


tincture, 594 


with elaterin, 307 


syrup, 107 


strong, 593 


pills, compound, 306 


Gaulthier's plaster, 449 


Ginseng, 431 


powder, compound, 306 


Gay Lussac's alcoometre, 33 


Glass, soluble, 473 


solution, alkaline, 306 


Gentian, 308 


Glauber's salts, 548 


tincture, alkaline, 307 


elixir, ferrated, 309 


Gloucester jelly, 607 


ammoniacal, 307 


extract, 308 


Glue, liquid, 603 


Gannal's injection, 598 


fluid, 308 


marine, 603 


Gargle, ammonia, 122 


syrup, 309 


Glycamyl, 313 


acetate of ammonium, 125 


infusion, 308 


Glycerin, 312 


lead, 445 


compound, 308 


lotion, 312 


alum, 118 


concentrated, 309 


ointment, 312 


ammoniated copper, 260 


with rhubarb, 309 


paste, 312 


borax, 543 


mixture, 309 


starch, 312 



748 



Glyoerite of borax, 543 
calabar bean, 438 
carbolic acid, 90 
gallic acid, 93 
hydrocyanic acid, 94 
iodide of ammonium, 129 
pancreatin, 432 
starch, 312 
tannin, 100 
tar, 442 
G-oadby's solutions, 599 
Godfrey's cordial, 428 
Gold, 159 

ointment, 160 
powder, 159 
syrup, 160 
solder for, 605 
ammoniated, 162 

pills, 162 
chloride, 160 
bolus, 160 
caustic, 160 
collyrium, 160 
ointment, 160 
pills, 160 
powder, 160 
tincture, 160 
with sodium, 160 
lozenges, 161 
ointment, 161 
pills, 161 
powder, 161 
solution, 161 
syrup, 161 

compound, 161 
cyanide, 161 

lozenges, 162 
pills, 162 



GENERAL INDEX. 

Gold cyanide powder, 162 
solution, 162 

iodide, 162 

oxide, 162 
pills, 162 
powder, 162 

purple of Cassius, 163 
Golden rod, 550 

sulphuret of antimony, 441 
Goldthread, 250 

infusion, 250 

tincture, 250 
Gondret's ointment, 122 
Goulard's balsam, 445 

cerate, 445 

extract, 445 
Gouttes ameres, 350 
Grains de sante, 111 
Granulation, 640 
Granules of digitalin, 268 
Granville's lotion, 122 
Gravity, specific, 31 
Grease balls, 514 
Griffith's mixture, 282 

pills, 282 
Griffiths pills, 492 
Groat gruel, 163 
Gruel, oatmeal, 163 

rice, 430 
Guaiacum, 317 

decoction, compound, 317 

extract, 317 

mixture, 318 

with bittersweet, 318 

oil, 317 

compound, 317 

pills with aloes, 318 
antimony, 318 



Hair dye, 147 

Hairy horehound, 164 

decoction, 164 
Ilaller's elixir, 99 
Ilardhack, 552 

decoction, 552 
extract, 552 
Hartshorn, 251 
burnt, 251 

dentifrice, 251 
jelly, 251 

compound, 251 
ITebra's lead ointment, 449 
Hedge hyssop, 316 

extract, 317 

powder, compound, 

317 
wine, 317 
Ileinecke's solution, 540 
Hellebore, American, 583 
black, 321 
white, 582 
Hcllmund's nartico-bulsamic 

ointment, 245 
Hemlock, 244 

cataplasm, 246 
collutory, 245 
extract, 244 

alcoholic, 244 



PI 



Hemlock, infusion, 245 
juice, 245 
mixture, with paregoric, 

246 
oleo-infusion, 245 
ointment, 245 

compound balsamic, 
245 
pills with calomel, 244 

dandelion, 244 
ipecacuanha, 244 
pitch, 442 
plaster, 245 

compound, 246 
powder, 244 

eaooharated, 506 
suppository, 246 
tincture, 245 

ethereal, 245 
Hemp, 196 

emulsion, 196 
extract, 196 

purified, 196 
resin, 196 
tincture, 196 
Indian, 196 
Benbane, 346 

extract, alcoholic, 346 
aqueous, 346 



Guaiacum pills with sulphur, 
318 
turpentine, 318 
tartar emetic, 143 
powder, compound, 317 
tincture, 318 

ammoniated, 319 
Dewees's, 319 
and corrosive subli- 
mate, 319 
copaiba, 319 
paregoric, 319 
mixture, odontalgic, 
319 
with henbane, 
319 
wood-tea, 317 
Guarana, 434 
Gum Arabic, 84 

linctus, 85 
lozenges, 84 
mixture, 84 

Wendt's, 85 
mucilage, 84 
paste, 85 

pectoral, 84 
pate de guimauve, 85 
powder, compound, 84 
syrup, 85 

compound, 85 
mucilage, 574 
paste, 574 

powder, compound, 574 
starch, 263 
tragacanth, 574 
Gun cotton, soluble, 315 
Gutta percha, 319 

solution, 319 



Henbane, extract, fluid, 346 
infusion, 347 

compound, 347 
liniment, 348 
mixture, 347 

with antimony, 347 
squill, 348 
ointment, 348 

compound, 348 
oleo-infusion, 348 
pills, compound, 347 

and ipecacuanha, 347 
opium, 347 
plaster, 348 
poultice, anodyne, 348 
powder, compound, 347 

saccharated, 506 
tincture, 347 

ethereal, 348 
Henry's aromatic spirit of ; 

vinegar, 87 
Hierapicra, 108, 196 
tincture, 196 
Hive syrup, Coxe's, 524, 530 j 

Hoffmann's anodyne, 106 
balsam of life, 165 
visceral elixir, 159 
nolly, sea, 274 
Honeys, 391, 647 



GENERAL INDEX. 



749 



Honeys, borax, 543 

clarified, 391 

ceromel, 391 

hydromel, 391 

mixture, expectorant, 391 

oxymel, 391 

pectoral, 391 

prepared, 391 

water, 391 

roses, 498 

violets, 584 
Hooper's pills, 109, 298 
Hope's mixture, 192 
Hops, 325 

cataplasm, 326 

elixir, 325 

extract, 325 
fluid, 325 

infusion, 325 

mixture, 325 

ointment, 326 

tincture, 325 

alkaline, 325 
Horehound, 388 

candy, 389 

decoction, compound, 388 

extract, 388 

hairy, 164 

mixture, pectoral, 3S9 

syrup, 389 
Horse balm, 241 

decoction, 242 
oil, 242 
tincture, 242 



Horse chestnut, 323 

decoction, 324 

compound, 324 
extract, 324 
powder, compound, 
323 
Horsemint, 396 
liniment, 396 
oil, 396 
Horseradish, 148 

cataplasm, compound, 149 
infusion, 148 

compound, 149 
mixture, 149 
syrup, compound, 148 
tincture, compound, 148 
wine, compound, 149 
Hot bath, 669 
Hundred-leaved rose, 497 
Hungary water, 500 
Husson's medicinal water, 239, 

241 
Huxham's tincture, 230 
Hydrargyro-iodide of potass- 
ium, 470 
Hydrated oxide of iron, 293 
Hydriodate of morphia, 400 
quinia, 483 

ioduretted, 483 
Hydriodic acid, 94 
Hydrochloric acid, 96, 689 
Hydrocyanic acid, 93, 689 

extemporaneous, 93 



Hydroeyanie acid, glyeerite, 94 
injection, 94 
inhalation, 94 
julep, 94 
lotion, 94 
mixture, 93 
syrup, 94 
ether, 105 
Hydromel,' 391 

pectoral, 391 
Hydrometers, 33 
Hydrometrical equivalents, 40 
Hydrosulph&te of ammonium, 
130 
sulphuretted, 130 
Hydresulphuric acid, 84 

artificial sulphuretted 

water, 95 
bath, hydrosulphuret- 

ted, 95 
lotion, hydrosulphuret- 
ted, 95 
Hypodermic injection of caffe- 
ina, 238 
calabar bean, 438 
conia, 246 
digitalin, 267 
morphia, 400, 402 
strychnia, 559 
Hypophosphites, 185 
Hyposulphited sulphuret of po- 
tassium, 474 
Hyposulphite of sodium, 547 



Iceland moss, 218 

cetrarin, 219 

powder, 219 
chocolate, 219 
decoction, 218 
deprived of bitterness, 

218 
jelly, bitter, 219 
dry, 218 
sweet, 219 
mixture, 219 
troches, 219 
Idiosyncrasy, 67 
Ignatia, 349 
extract, 349 
tincture, 349 

alkaline, 350 
Imperial drink, 457 
measure, 27 

value in wine measure, 
27 
Incompatibles, table of, 612 
Indelible inks, 604 
Indian hemp, 145 

decoction, 145 
extract, 145 
physic, 312 
sarsaparilla, 322 
decoction, 323 
infusion, 323 
mixture, 323 
syrup, 322 
tobacco, 376 
turnip, 152 



Indigo, 350 

electuary, 350 
pills, 350 
powder, 350 
sulphate, 350 
wild, 167 

decoction, 167 

ointment, 167 
Infusions, 647 

Infusion, American centaury 
504 

columbo, 301 

senna, 210 
angustura, 137 
arnica, 149 

compound, 149 
balm, 392 
barberry, 175 
belladonna, 171 
benne, 536 
bistort, 177 
bittersweet, 269 
black purslane, 276 
blessed thistle, 215 
bloodroot, 510 
boneset, 275 

compound, 275 
buchu, 179 

compound, 179 
buckbean, 395 
burdock, 369 
calamus, 182 
camphor, 193 
Canada fleabane, 274 



Infusion, cantharides, 197 

acetie, 197 
caraway, 207 
carrot fruit, 207 
cascarilla, 209 

alkaline, 209 
catechu, 214 

compound, 214 
catnep, 212 
Cayenne pepper, 202 
chamomile, 138 
cherry-laurel, 370 
chiretta, 221 
cinnamon, 334 
cloves, 208 
columbo, 190 

with ginger, 190 
rhubarb, 190 
cusso, 177 
dandelion, 569 
dittany, 257 
elm bark, 576 
ergot, 272 
eucalyptus, 275^ 
fennel, 300 
flaxseed, 375 
fleabane, 274 
foxglove, 265 
galls, 305 

compound, 305 
gentian, 308 

compound, 308 

with rhubarb, 309 
German chamomile, 391 



GENERAL INDEX 



Infusion, ginger, 593 
goldthread, 250 
hemlock, 245 
henbane, 347 

compound, 347 
hops, 325 
horseradish, 148 

compound, 149 
Indian sarsaparilla, 323 
iron, bitter, 292 
juniper, 362 

compound, 362 
kino, 364 
linden flowers, 573 
compound, 573 
lobelia, 377 
maidenhair, 104 
malt, 384 
marigold, 189 
matico, 390 

compound, 390 
mayweed, 252 
mint, 394 

compound, 394 
mudar, 189 
orange-peel, compound, 

158 
pareira brava, 433 
parsley-root, 436 
pennyroyal, 321 
persimmon bark, 268 
Peruvian bark, 229 

compound, 229 
with cantharides, 
229 
magnesia, 229 
serpentaria, 
229 
pinkroot, 551 

compound, 551 
pleurisy-root, 152 
quassia, 480 

compound, 480 
red poppy, 496 

compound, 496 
rhatany, 365 
rhubarb, 492 

alkaline, 492 
roses, acid, 498 
safflower, 207 
saffron, 254 
sage, 508 

compound, 508 
sarsaparilla, 516 

alkaline, 516 
sassafras bark, 520 

compound, 520 
pith, 520 
savine, 504 
seneka, 529 

compound, 529 
senna, 533 

black draught, 533 
compound, 533 
with buckthorn, 533 
coffee, 533 
lemon juice, 534 
rhubarb, 534 
tit in a rinds, 533 
tincture of senna, 
688 
simarubrt, 636 

oomponnd, 537 
skunk cabbage, 208 



Infusion, southernwood, 151 
succory, 225 
tamarinds, 568 
tansy, 568 
tobacco, 567 
tulip-tree bark, 376 
valerian, 578 

compound, 578 
Virginia snakeroot, 535 
compound, 536 
with ether, 536 
yellow ladies' bedstraw, 

304 
yellow root, 585 
wild cherry bark, 478 

ginger, 152 
wormwood, 83 
Inhalations, 667 
Inhalation, balsam of tolu, 167 
of carbolic acid, 90 
chlorine, 223 
conia, 245 
creasote, 253 
hydrocyanic acid, 94 
iodine, 352 
tannin, 101 
Injections, anatomical, 598 
chloride of zinc, 598 
Gannal's, 598 
molasses, 598 
nitrate of lead, 598 
Injection, acetate of lead, 446 
acetate of zinc, 586 
aloes, 112 
alum, 118 
ammonia, 122 
ammoniated copper, 259 
carbonate of sodium, 545 
catechu, 214 
caustic potassa, 452 
chloride of zinc, 587 
chlorinated lime, com- 
pound, 188 
soda, 539 
chlorine, 222 
chloroplatinate of sodium, 

444 
copaiba, 248 
corrosive sublimate, 334 
cubebs, 255 
detersive, 112 
ergot, 273 
gallic acid, 93 
hydrocyanic acid, 94 
iodide of iron, 291 
potassium, 466 
kino, 364 
kousso, 177 
morphia, 308 
nutritive, 432 
opium, 424 
pancreatin, 432 
pomegranate rind, 316 
pyroligneous acid, 88 
rhatany, 365 
sedative, 433 
soot, 302 
stimulating, 406 
subacetate of lead, 446 

and lime water, 446 
sulphate of copper, 201 
iron, 298 
zinc, 60S 
sulphuret of potassium, 476 



Injection, tannic acid, 101 
Ink, anilin, 604 
blue, 604 
indelible, 604 

without mordant, 147 
red, 604 
writing, 603 
Inspissated juices, 644 
Intervals between doses, 68 
Iodate of potassium, 465 

strychnia, 558 
Iodide of arsenic, 150 

and mercury, 151 
barium, 168 
gold, 162 
iron, 289 
lead, 448 
manganese, 385 
mercury, green, 339 

red, 338 
potassium, 466 
quinia, 483 
silver, 146 
starch, 135 
sulphur, 565 
zinc, 588 
Iodine, 351, 696 

and tannin, syrup, 353 
bath, 352 
cataplasm, 353 
clyster, 353 
collyrium, 352 
gargle, 353 
inhalation, 352 
liniment, 352, 353 
lotion, 352 
mixture, 352 

with iodide of potas- 
sium, 352 
ointment, 353 

compound, 353 
with mercury, 353 
oil of tobacco, 353 
pills, 351 
plaster, 352 
solution, 352 

compound, 352 
tincture, 351 

compound, 351 
decolorized, 351 
ethereal, 351 
saturated, 351 
Iodoform, 354 

ointment, 354 
saponated emulsion, 354 
suppositories, 354 
Ioduretted potassium, 468 
Ipecacuanha, 354 
bolus, 355 
confection, 356 
decoction, 356 
elixir, 358 
extract, 355 

fluid, 356 
lozenges, 356 

and camphor, 356 
mixture, 357 
pills, with centaury, 356 
foxglove, 356 
opium, 366 
Bqufll, 356 
powder, compound, 354 
with antimony, 355 
benzoic acid, 89 



GENERAL INDEX 



751 



Ipecacuanha powder, with calo- 
mel, 355 
carb. sodium, 355 
chloride ammo- 
nium, 355 
myrrh, 355 
nitre, 355 
opium, 354 
rhubarb, 355 
tartar emetic, 355 
tragacanth, 355 
saccharated, 506 
syrup, 357 

compound, 357 
tincture, 358 
wild, 276 

powder, 276 
wine, 358 

alkaline, 358 
compound, 358 
with tartar emetic, 35S 
Iris, Florentine, 358 
Irish moss, 224 
Iron, 277, 697 
filings, 277 

mixture, compound, 282 
powder, 278 
preparations of, 605 
solder for, 605 
wire, 278 
acetate, 279 

and aluminum, 279 
solution, 279 
tincture, alcoholic, 279 
ethereal, 279 
ammoniated, 279 
bolus, 280 
mixture, 380 
pills, 280 

powder, compound, 280 
arseniate, 280 

ointment, 280 
pills, 280 
bromide, 280 

ointment, 281 
pills, 281 
syrup, 280 
carbonate, 281 

artificial chalybeate 

water, 282 
mixture, comp.. 282 
pills, 281 
powder, effervescent, 

281 
saccharated, 281 
carburet, 283 
mixture, 283 
ointment, 283 
pills, 283 
prepared, 283 
chloride, 283 

and acetate of lead,283 
mixture, 284 
solution, 283 
syrup, 284 
tincture, 284 



Iron, chloride, ethereal tinc- 
ture, 284 
citrate, 285 

ammonio-, 285 
and magnesium, 286 
syrup, 286 
quinia, 287 

wine, 287 
strychnia, 288 
liquid, 285 
syrup, 285 
tincture, 285 
wine, 285 

and beef, 285 
aromatic, 285 
sweet, 285 
ferrocyanide, blue ink, 288, 
604 
mixture, 288 
ointment, 288 
pills, 288 
powder, 288 

compound, 288 
Prussian blue, 288 
gallate, 288 

writing ink, 288 
hypophosphite, 185 
iodide, 289 
bath, 291 
injection, 291 
lozenges, 289 
mixture, 291 
ointment, 291 
pills, 289 
saccharate, 289 
solution, 290 
syrup, 290 

and chloride of 
iron, 291 
mixture, 291 
tincture, 290 
wine, 290 
lactate, 291 

lozenges, 291 
pills, 292 
syrup, 292 
malate, 292 

bitter infusion, 292 
extract, 292 
mixture, 292 
solution, 292 
tincture, 292 
metallic, prepared, 278 
bolus, 278 
mixture, 279 
pills, 278 
powder, 278 

compound, 278 
reduced, 278 

lozenges, 279 
wine, 279 
nitrate, 292 

pernitrate, solution, 292 
protonitrate, syrup, 292 
oxalate, 293 
oxide, black 294 



Iron, oxide, black, electuary, 
294 
pills, 294 
powder, 294 
hydrated, 293 
red, 2D 4 

plaster, 294 
soluble saccharated, 

293 
syrup, 294 
persulphate, 295 
phosphate, 295 

compound syrup, 295 
ointment, 296 
pills, 295 
syrup, 296 
protocbloride, 284 
liquid, 284 
tincture, 284 
pyrophosphate, 296 
and sodium, 296 
syrup, 296 
subcarbonate, 281 
lozenges, 282 
mixture, 282 
pills, comp., 282 
plaster, 283 
powder, 282 
wine, 283 
subsulphate, solution, 295 
sulphate, 297 

and ammonium, 286 
dried, 297 
injection, 298 
mixtures, 298 
pills, 297 

Blaud's, 297 
compound, 297 
with rhubarb, 297 
powder, 297 
solution, 298 
syrup, 298 
tersulphate, solution, 295 
sulphuret, 298 
tannate, 298 

tartrate and potassium, 286 
powder and Colombo, 
286 
effervescent, 287 
solution, 287 
syrup, 287 
tincture, compound, 

287 
wine, 287 

compound, 287 
ammonium, 286 
solution, 2b6 
valerianate, 299 
wine, bitter, 598 
Irritants, 700 
Isinglass, 348 

blanc mange, 611 
court plaster, 348 
diamond cement, 349 
Issues, 676 

ointment, 201 



752 



GENEEAL IKDEX. 



Jackson's pectoral lozenges, 596 

syrup, 85, 596 
Jalap, 359 

electuary, 360 
emulsion, 360 
extract, 359 

alkaline, 360 
mixture, 361 
pills, 360 

compound, 360 
with calomel, 360 
powder, compound, 359 
saccharated, 506 
with calomel, 359 

cream of tartar, 

359 
ipecacuanha, 359 
scammony, 359 
resin, 360 

tincture, 361 
goap, 360 
tincture, 361 



Jalap, tincture, compound, 361 

mixture, 361 
Jamaica dogwood, 440 
tincture, 440 

pepper, 438 
James' powder, 140 
Jamestown weed, 555 
Japan varnish, 606 
Jelly, almond, 608 

biscuit, 607 

bread, 607 

calves' feet, 608 

carrageen, 225 

chicken, 610 

Gloucester, 607 

hartshorn, 251 

compound, 251 

Iceland moss, 219 

male fern, 300 

orange leaves, 159 

pectoral, 530 

rice, 430 



Jelly, starch, 135 

tapioca, 569 
Juices, inspissated, 644 
Juice of broom, 528 

colchicum, 241 

dandelion, 570 

hemlock, 245 

liquorice, purified, 313 
Julep, alum, 118 

hydrocyanic acid, 94 
Juniper, 361 

cade, 363 

tincture, with soft soap, 
363 

electuary, 362 

extract, 362 

infusion, 362 

compound, 362 

liniment, 363 

mixture of oil, 362 

spirit, 362 

compound, 362 



K 



Kaiser pills, 360 
Kamala, 500 

tincture, 500 
Kentish ointment, 415 
Kermes mineral, 141 

lozenges, 141 
Kermesine powder, 141 
Keyser's pills, 331 



Kinate of cinchonia, 233 

quinia, 484 
Kino, 363 

Botany Bay, 275 

electuary, 364 

infusion, 364 

injection, 364 



Kino pills, compound, 364 

powder, compound, 363 

syrup, 364 

tincture, 364 
Kirkland's neutral cerate, 596 
Kousso, 177 

infusion, 177 



Labarraque's solution, 539 
Lac, 367 

bleached, 367 

cement, 367 

sealing wax, 367 

solution, aqueous, 367 

varnish, 606 
Lactate of iron, 291 

quinia, 484 
Lactic acid, 95 

inhalation, 96 

lemonade, 96 

lozenges, 95 
Lactopbosphate of calcium, 183, 

IH7 
Lactucarium, 868 

lozenges, 869 

mixture, 868 

pills, 868 

syrup, 868 

tincture, 869 
Ladies' beddtruw, yellow, 304 
infusion, 304 
wine, 304 

■Upper, 202 

liuid extract, 202 



Lady Webster's pills, 109 
Lancaster black drop, 425 
Lard, benzoinated, 173 
Larkspur, 263 

tincture, 263 
Lartigue's pills, 239 
Laudanum, 426 

Smith's, 427 

Swediaur's, 428 

Sydenham's, 426 
Laurel, 370 

oil, 370 

ointment, 370 

cherry, 367 
Lavender, 371 

essence, compound, 372 

ointment, 1572 

powder, compound, 371 

spirit, 371 

compound, 372 

tincture, ethereal, 372 

water, 371 
Lead, 444, 007 

solder for, 605 

acetate, 4 11 

cataplasm, 446 



Lead, acetate, cerate, 445 

gargle, 445 

Goulard's balsam, 445 

injection, 446 

lotion, 446 

mixture, 445 

ointment, 447 
pile, 446 

paste, rubefacient, 445 

pills, 444 

plaster, 447 

powder, 444 

suppositories, 446 
earbonate, 447 

ointment, 447 

camphorated, 447 

plaster, 448 

powder, camphorated, 
447 
chloride, 448 

lotion, 448 

ointment, 448 
iodide, 448 

ointment, 448 

pills, 448 

plaster, 448 



GENEKAL INDEX 



753 



Lead, iodide, powder, 448 
litharge, 449 

cataplasm, 449 
cerate, 449 
ointment, 449 

Banyer's, 449 
compound, 449 
plaster, 449 

Baynton's, 449 
diapalma, 449 
Gaulthier's, 449 
nitrate, 448 

glycerite, 448 
injection, 698 
solution, Ledoyen's, 
448 
red, 450 

plaster, black, 450 
Nuremberg, 450 
saccharate, 450 
nitro-, 450 

solution, 450 
subacetate, 445 
cataplasm, 446 
cerate, 445 
collyrium, 445 
gargle, 445 
Goulard's vegeto-min- 

eral water, 445 
injection, 446 

with lime, 446 
liniment, 446 
ointment, 447 
plaster, 447 
solution, 445 
tannate, 450 

liniment, 450 
ointment, 450 
Leather wood, 268 

varnish for, 605 
Ledoyen's disinfecting fluid, 448 
Leeching, 685 
Lemon, 872 

collutory of juice, 373 
Cologne water, 374 
essence, 372 
juice, artificial, 92 
lozenges of juice, 373 

oil, 373 
spirit, 372 

distilled, 373 
odoriferous, 374 
syrup, 373 
peel, 373 

vinous, of peel, 374 
tincture, 373 
water of peel, 373 

unparalleled, 375 
Lemonade, 373 

barberries, 174 
compound, 373 
dry, 92 _ 

lactic acid, 96 , 

phosphoric acid, 99 
sulphuric acid, 99 
tartaric acid, 101 
with sulphate of sodium, 549 
Lenitive electuary, 531 
Lettsom's elixir, 428 
Lettuce, 368 
wild, 368 
extract, 368 
lactucarium, 368 
lozenges, 369 

48 



Lettuce, lactucarium, mixture, 
368 
pills, 368 
syrup, 368 

alkaline, 368 
and opium, 
369 
tincture, 369 
thridace, 368 

mixture, 369 
powder, 369 
syrup, 368 
mixture, with dandelion, 

368 
syrup, 309 

tincture, aromatic, 369 
water, 369 

mixture, 369 
Lignum vitse, 317 
Lime, 185 

chlorinated, 188 
collutory, 188 
dentifrice, 188 
injection, compound, 
m 188 

liniment, 189 
lozenges, 188 
ointment, 188 
preservative liquid, 1S8 
solution, 188 
ointment, 186 
solution, saccharated, 186 
water, 185 

compound, 186 
and carbonate of po- 
tassium, 186 
milk, 186 
liniment, 186 

with alcohol, 186 
oil, 186 
opium, 186 
sulphur, 186 
mixture, antacid, 1S6 
Linctus, gum Arabic, 85 
green, 133 
opiate, 424, 428 
opium, 424 
sulphur, 563 
white, 133 
Linden, 572 

infusion, 573 

compound, 573 
water, 573 
Liniments, 675 

Liniment, acetate of mercury, 
331 
aconite root, 103 
alum, 118 
amber oil, 561 
ammonia, 121 

camphorated, 127 
compound, 121 
sulphuretted, 123 
terebinthinate, 123 
barytie, 169 
belladonna, 172 
borax, 543 
cajeput oil, 410 
camphor, 194 

compound, 195 
ethereal, 194 
turpentine, 194 
with vinegar, 194 
camphorated soap, 514 



Liniment, cantharides, 199 

aromatic, 201 

soap, 199 

stimulating, 201 

with camphor, 199 
carbolic acid, 91 
carbonate of potassium, 
376 

ammonium, 127 
for chilblains, 164 E 
chlorinated lime, 189 
chlorine, 223 
chloroform, 224 

and aconite, 224 
cod-liver oil, 411 
colchicum and camphor, 

241 
cosmetic, 134 
croton oil, 417 
Dippel's oil, 409 
eggs, 431 

for milk abscess, 446 
sore breasts, 1S6 
garlic, 107 
henbane, 348 
horsemint, 396 
hydrosulphate ammonia, 

130 
iodide of ammonium, 129 

potassium, 467 
iodine, 352, 353 
juniper, 363 
laudanum and lime water, 

422 
lime and sulphur, 186 ■ 

water and alcohol, 186 
oil, 186 
opium, 1S6 
marigold, 189 
mercurial, compound, 330 

opiated, 330 
mercury and chalk, 327 
muriatic acid, 96 
mustard, 538 
nitrate of mercury, 340 
nitric acid, 97 
opiate, 422 
opium, 422 

with oil of chamomile, 
423 
pellitory, 479 
phosphorated, 437 
sal ammoniac, 128 
soap, 514 
spermaceti, 218 
strychnia, 558 
subacetate of lead, 446 
succinate of ammonium, 

128 
sulphate of quinia, 487 
sulphur and soap, 564 
sulphuret of calcium, 188 

carbon, 565 

sodium, 550 
sulphuric acid, 100 
tannate of lead, 450 
tartar emetic, ammoniacal, 

144 
turpentine, 571 

acetic, 415 

oil, 415 

opiated, 415 

sulphuric, 413 
veratria, 581 



754: 



GENERAL INDEX 



Liniment, verdigris, 259 

Wilkinson's, 130 
Lip salve, 216, 218 
Liquid glue, 603 
Liquorice root, 313 
elixir, 124 
extract, 313 
fluid, 314 
refined, 313 
lozenges, 313 

with opium, 313 
mixture, 314 
compound, 314 
paste, 313 

powder, compound, 314 
syrup, 314, 598 

compound, 314 
Lisbon diet drink, 517 
List of incompatibles, 612 
Litharge, 449 
Lithontriptics, 70 
Liver of sulphur, 474 
Liverwort, 323 
Lobelia, 376 

extract, acetic, 377 

fluid, 377 
infusion, 377 
mixture, 377 
syrup, 377 
tincture, 377 

ethereal, 377 
vinegar, 377 
Local baths, 670 
Locatelli's balsam, 165 
Lockstadt's pills, 134 
Logwood, 320 

decoction, 320 
extract, 320 

electuary, 320 
mixture, 320 
infusion, 320 
Long pepper, 440 

cataplasm, 440 
Lotions, 675 
Lotion, alkaline, 459 
anti-rheumatic, 556 
Barlow's, 476 
Bateman's, 333 
capillary, 107 
for burns, 174 

chilblains, 164, 413 
hiccough, 124 
toothache, 414 
Granville's, 122 
Goulard's, 132 
hydrosulphuretted, 95 
mammillary, 164 
mercurial, 327 
Baviard's, 452 
acetate of lead, 446 

zinc, 688 
aconitia, 104 
almond, compound, 132 
alum, 118 



Lotion, ammonia, 123 

ammoniated alcohol, 124 
borax, 543 
bromine, 178 
carbonate of potassium, 
460 
6odium, 545 
cayenne pepper, 203 
cherry-laurel water, 371 
chlorate of sodium, 545 
chloride of lead, 448 

zinc, 587 
corrosive sublimate, 333 

and camphor, 333 

copper, 333 
cosmetic, 333 
creasote, 253 

cyanide of potassium, 463 
galls, 305 
glycerin, 312 
hydrocyanic acid, 94 
ioduretted potassium, 469 
iodine, 352 

marigold, extract of, 189 
muriatic acid, 96 
mustard, 538 
nitrate of potassium, 472 
nitric acid, 97 
nux vomica, 409 
orpiment, 151 
oxide of zinc, 590 
Peruvian bark, 232 
sal ammoniac, 127 
sulphate of copper, 261 
morphia and borax, 

402 
sodium, 549 
zinc, 592 
sulphuret of potassium, 
475 
compound, 475 
sodium, 550 
sulphuric ether, 106 
tartar emetic, 144 

and camphor, 144 
corrosive sub- 
limate, 144 
tobacco, 567 
veratria, 581 
verdigris, compound, 258 
Lozenges, 666 
of anise, 138 
balsam of tolu, 166 
bicarbonate of sodium, 541 
borax, 542 
carrageen, 225 
catechu, 213 
Cayenne pepper, 202 
chalk, 184 
charcoal, 205 
chlorate of potassium, 462 
chloride of gold and so- 
dium, 161 



Lozenges, chlorinated lime, 
188 

cinnamon, 234 

citric acid, 92 

croton oil, 416 

cubebs, 255 

extract, 256 

cyanide of gold, 162 

emetina, 271 

ginger, 593 

gum, 84 

iodide of iron, 289 
potassium, 465 

ipecacuanha, 356 

and camphor, 356 

Jackson's, 596 

kermes mineral, 141 

lactate of iron, 291 

lactic acid, 95 

lactucarium, 369 

lemon juice, 373 
oil, 373 

liquorice, 313 

and opium, 313 

magnesia, 379, 381 

manna, 387 

marsh mallow, 115 

muriate of morphia, 401 
and ipecacuanha, 
400 

naphthalin, 407 

oxalate of potassium, 473 

oxalic acid, 98 

pauilinia, 434 

pellitory, 479 

peppermint, 393 

rhubarb, 492 

rose, 497 

Spitta's, 255 

starch, 135 

subcarbonate of iron, 282 

tartaric acid, 101 

Tronchin's gum, 84, 141 

vanilla, 580 

Wistar's, 313 
Lugol's ioduretted water, 352 
468 

solution, 352 
Lunar caustic, 147 
Lupulin, 377 

emulsion, 378 

extract, 378 
fluid, 878 

ointment, 378 

oleo-resin, 378 

pills, 378 

powder, 378 

syrup, 378 

tincture, 378 
Luting for bottles, 601 
Lycopodium, 378 

mixture, 378 

powder compound, 378 



M 



Macassar oil, 134 

Mace, 379 

balsam, nervine, 404 
drops, carminative, 379 

oil, volatile, 379 



Mace, snocharated powder, 506 

tincture, 379 
Maceration, 648 
Mackensie's solution, 147 
Madder, 500 



Madder, decoction, 501 

powder, compound, 501 
Magendie's solution of mor- 
phia, 402 
Magnesia, 379 






&EHEEAL INDEX. 



755 



Magnesia, aperient effervescing, 
3S4 
Dinneforcl's fluid, 3S1 
heavy, 379 
mixture, 380 

and gentian, 380 
rhubarb, 380 
powder and orange-peel, 
379 
rhubarb, 379 
sulphur, 379 
troches, 379 
Magnesium acetate, 380 
bitartrate, 384 
carbonate, 380 

carminative, Dalby's, 
381 
Dewees's, 381 
heavy, 380 
light, 380 
lozenges, 3S1 
mixture, 381 

with camphor, 381 
colchicum, 
381 
rhubarb, 3S1 
solution, 380 
citrate, 382 

granular, 3S2 
soluble, 382 
solution, 382 
water, 382 
phosphate, 382 
sulphate, 383 

Cheltenham salts, 383 
clyster, 383 
emulsion, purgative, 

383 
mixture, with aloes, 
383 
coffee, 3S3 
nitric acid, 384 
Rochelle salt, 

383 
Seidlitz water, 

383 
sulphuric acid, 

383 
tartar emetic, 
383 
sulphuret, 384 
syrup, 384 
tartrate, 384 
Magnolia, 384 

tincture, 384 
Mahy's plaster, 448 
Maidenhair, 104 

svrup, 104 
Malate of iron, 292 
Male fern, 299 

bolus, 299 
electuary, 300 
jelly, 300 
mixture, 300 
oleo-resin, 300 

pills, 300 
powder, 299 
Mallow, common, 385 
decoction, 385 
species, emollient, 385 
for gargles, 385 
Malt, 384 

clyster, emollient, 385 
extract, 384 



Malt, infusion, 3S4 
Management of convalescence, 
80 
sick room, 60 
Manganese, 385 
carbonate, 385 

pills, with iron, 385 
chloride, 385 
pills, 385 
iodide, 385 
pills, 385 
syrup, 386 

and iron, 386 
oxide, black, 386 
bolus, 386 
ointment, 386 

compound, 386 
powder, 386 
phosphate, 386 
sulphate, 387 
Manna, 387 

emulsion, 387 
lozenges, 387 
mixture, 387 
syrup, 387 
Mannite, 388 
Marigold, 189 
extract, 189 
lotion, 189 
pills, 189 
infusion, 189 
liniment, 189 
Marine glue, 603 
Marjoram, 429 

oil, 429 
Marsh's test, 688 
Marsh mallow, 114 

decoction, 114 
lozenges, 115 
ointment, 115 
paste, 114 
pectoral tea, 114 
powder, 115 
syrup, 114 
rosemary, 554 

decoction, 554 
Masterwort, 223 
Mastich, 389 

collutory, 389 
dentifrice, 389 
dinner pills, 389 
paste, anti-odontalgic, 389 
tincture, ethereal, 389 
varnish, crystal, 389 
picture, 389 
Matico, 390 

decoction, 390 
extract, 390 

fluid, 390 
infusion, 390 

with senna, 390 
ointment, 390 
syrup, 390 
tincture, 390 
May apple, 450 
extract, 451 
pills and iron, 451 

podophyllin, 451 
podophyllin, 451 

pills, compound, 451 
Mayweed, 252 

cataplasm, 252 
infusion, 252 
Meal, barley, 324 



Meal, flaxseed, compound, 375 
Measures, 26 

approximative, 27, 28 
drops, 28, 29 
foreign, 30 
French, 30 
imperial, 27 
wine, 26 
Medicated waters, 595 

baths, 671 
Melilot, 392 

plaster, 392 
Mellites, 647 
Mercury, 326, 698 
cataplasm, 330 
cerate, 330 

compound, 330 
gargle, 327 
liniment, 330 

compound, 330 
opiated, 330 
lotion, 327 
mixture, 329 
mucilage, 327 
ointment, 329 

camphorated, 329 
compound, 329 
and belladonna, 330 
turpentine, 330 
pills, 328 

and antimony, 326 
colocynth, 328 
jalap, 328 
quinia, 328 
rhubarb, 328 
Abernethy's, 329 
Belloste's, 329 
compound, 328 
triplex, 328 
plaster, 330 

and belladonna, 330 
powder, compound, 326 
purified, 326 
suppositories, 330 
Mercury, acetate, 331 
liniment, 331 
pills, 331 

with opium, 331 
solution, 331 
ammoniated, 331 

ointment, 331 
and antimony, 326 
chalk, 326 

liniment, 327 
with ipecacuanha, 
327 
gum, 327 

pills, with hem- 
lock, 327 
magnesia, 327 
borate, 331 
bromide, 331 

bibromide, 332 
protobromide, 332 
solution, ethereal, 332 
calomel, 334 
chloride, and quinia, 337 
pills, 337 
mild, 334 
corrosive, 332 
corrosive sublimate, 332 
cyanide, 337 
gargle, 338 
ointment, 338 



756 



GENERAL INDEX 



Mercury, cyanide, pills, com- 
pound, 338 
solution, 338 
tincture, compound, 
338 
iodide, green, 339 

ointment, 340 
pills, 339 

compound, 339 
powder, 339 
red, 338 

ointment, 339 
pills, 338 
tincture, 339 

ethereal, 339 
wash, 339 
. nitrate, 340 

liniment, 340 
ointment, 340 

with lead, 340 
pills, 340 
solution, 340 
oleate, 341 

and morphia, 341 
oxide, black, 341 
wash, 341 
ointment, 341 
pills, 341 
red, 342 

ointment, 342 
brown, 343 
with cinnabar, 
343 
lead, 343 
sulphur, 343 
tin, 343} 
zinc, 343 
pills, 342 
powder, 342 
yellow, 342 

ointment, 342 
wash, 342 
phosphate, 343 
pills, 344 
protonitrate, solution, 341 
sulphate, yellow, 344 
ointment, 344 
powder, compound, 
344 
persulphate, 344 
sulphuret, black, 344 
pills, 344 
powder, 344 
red, 345 

cerate, 345 
ointment, 345 
pills, 345 
powder, 345 

fumigating, 
345 
tartrate, 345 

and potassium, 346 
Metals, varnish for coating, 006 
Method of displacement, 649 
preserving a corpse, 598 
Metrical weights, 21 

measures, 30 
Metz's balsam, 258 
Mezereon, 89.6 

decoction, 395 

compound, 396 
extract, 898 
ethereal, 396 
Quid, 396 



Mezereon ointment, 396 

plaster, cantharides, 396 
Milk, 366 

anodyne, 132 
arrowroot, 388 
artificial, 132 
asses', 611 
goats', 367 
cement, china, 367 
chocolate, 610 
coffee, 610 

mixture, with suet, 367 
soda water, 367 
powder, 367 
roses, 132 
sago, 507 
sugar of, 506 

draught, 506 
with gum Arabic, 506 
Iceland moss, 506 
syrup, 367 
yanilla, 580 
whey alum. 366 
aromatic, 366 
cream of tartar, 366 
mustard, 366 
simple, 366 
tamarind, 366 
vinegar, 366 
wine, 366 
Mindererus, spirit, 124 
Mineral, ethiop«, 344 

Kermes, 141 
Mint, 394 
Mixtures, 654 

Mixture, acetate of ammonium, 
125 
lead, 445 
morphia, 399 
potassium, 454 
acetic ether, 105 
aconite, 104 
aloes, alkaline, 112 
aloetic, 112 

American hellebore, 584 
ammonia, 122 

and ether, 122 
ammoniac, 120 

and nitric acid, 120 
compound, 120 
ammoniated alcohol, 12i 

iron, 280 
angustura, 137 
anisated ammoniated alco- 
hol, 124 
anise, 138 
antacid, 186 
anthelmintic, 511, 435 
anti-emetic, 214, 541 
anti-epileptic, 147 
anti-hectic, Griffith's, 282 
anti-otitio, 423 
antimonial wine and am- 
moniac, 145 
bittersweet, 145 
laudanum, 145 
anodyne, Vicat's, 124 
arseniato of potassium, 455 
asparagus, diuretic. 153 
assafetida, 154 

and oxymel of squill, 
155 
tola, 155 
compound, 155 



Mixture, avens, 312 

balsam of Peru, 165 
tolu, 167 

and almond emul- 
sion, 167 
belladonna, 

166 
copaiba, 167 
morphia, 166 
opium, 167 
barley, 611 
belladonna, 172. 
benzoic acid, 89 

and copaiba, 89 
bicarbonate of potassium, 
455 
sodium and copaiba, 542 
bichloride of platinum, 44 4 
biniodide of potassium, 469 
bistort, 177 

bitartrate of potassium, 456 
bittersweet, 269 
black drop, 421 

hellebore, 322 
boracic acid, 90 
borax, 543 

borotartrate of potassium, 
457 
and magnesium, 
458 
brown, 314 
buckbean, 395 

diuretic, 395 
butter of cacao, 181 
cabbage-tree bark, 311 
oamphor, 193 

and chloroform, 194 
ether, 194 
myrrh, 193 
Parrish's, 193 
water, 194 • 
camphorated cough, 195 
carbonate of ammonium, 
126 
and ginger, 126 
magnesium, 381 

and oamphor, 381 
colchioum, 381 
potassium, 460 
sodium and chamomile, 
544 
gentian, 544 
ipecacuanha, 544 
quassia, 54 1 
carburet of iron, 283 
carminative, 381, 394 
carrageen, 225 
cascarilla. 209 
cassia pulp, 210 
castor oil and ether, 413 
catechu and logwood, 214 
caustic potassa, 452 
celandine, 220 
centaury, 215 
chalk, 184 

compound, 184 
chamomile, 139 
cherry-laurel water, 371 
chloride of ammonium, 128 
barium, 168 
calcium, 185 
iron, 284 
chlorine, 223 
chloroform. 224 



GENERAL INDEX 



IQI 



Mixture, cider, 362 

citrate of potassium and 

Peruvian bark, 462 
cochineal and carbonate of 
potassium, 236 
common salt, 236 
cod-liver oil, 410 
colchicum, 240 

and ammonia, 241 
elaterium, 241 
magnesia, 240 
sulphate of mag- 
nesium, 240 
tincture, 240 

with foxglove, 241 
vinegar, 241 

with squill, 241 
wine, 240 
colocynth, 243 

tincture, 244 
colored fire, 603 
Colombo, 190 

andcascarilla, 1S1 

salep, 191 

common salt and lemon 

juice, 546 
contrayerva, 247 
copaiba, 248 
corrosive sublimate, 333 
creasote, 252, 253 
croton oil, 416 
croup, 357 
cubebs, 256 

oil and copaiba, 257 
cyanide of potassium, 4G3 
dandelion, 570 
Dippel's oil, 409 
diuretic, 435 
eggs, 430 

and brandy, 431 
wine, 431 
elaterium, 270 
elder, 509 
elecampane, 350 
emetina, 271 
ergot, 273 
ergotin, 273 
errhine, 136 
ether, 106 

and opium, 106 
expectorant, 391 
extract of lettuce, 368 
ferrocyanuret of quinia, 
483 
sine, 5S8 
flaxseed, 375 
Fowler's solution, 454 
foxglove and acetate of 
lead, 266 
potassium, 265 
tartaric acid, 266 
expectorant, 266 
tincture, 266 
galbanum, 303 
gallic acid, compound, 93 

and sulphuric acid, 93 
gamboge, 306 

and elaterin, 307 
gentian, 308, 309 

and sulphuric acid, 310 
tincture, 310 
guaiacum, 318 

and bittersweet, 318 
paregoric, 319 



Mixture, guaiacum and copai- 
ba, 319 
henbane, 319 

odontalgic, 319 
gum Arabic, 84 

Wendt's, 85 
hemlock and paregoric, 246 
henbane, 347 

and antimony, 347 
squill, 348 
Hope's, 192 
hops, 325 
horseradish, 149 
hydrocyanic acid, 93 
Iceland moss, 219 
Indian sarsaparilla, 323 
iodide of iron, 291 

and chloride, syrup 
of, 291 

potassium, 466 

and sarsaparilla, 
466 
iodine, 352 

and arsenic, 454 

iodide of potas- 
sium, 352 
ipecacuanha, 357 
iron, aromatic, 279 

compound, 282 
jalap, 361 

tincture, 361 
Kermes mineral, 141 
lactate of quinia, 484 
lactucarium, 369 
laudanum and tartar 

emetic, 429 
lettuce and dandelion, 36S 

extract, 368 

water, 369 
liquorice, 314 

compound, 314 
lobelia, 377 
logwood, extract, 320 
magnesia, 380 

and gentian, 380 
rhubarb, 380 
malate of iron, 292 
male fern, 300 
manna, 387 
mercurial, 329 
milk and suet, 367 
monesia, 397 
muriate of morphia, 400 

quinia, 484 
muriatic ether, 96 
musk, 403 
myrrh, compound, 406 

Griffith's, 406 
narcotina, 407 
neutral, 462 

compound, 462 
nitrate of ammonium, 129 

potassium, 472 
nitric acid, 97 
nux vomica, 409 
odontalgic, 208 
oil of almonds, 134 

amber, 561 

anise, 138 

cajeput, 410 

euphorbia, 276 

juniper, 362 

mole plant, 276 

valerian, 579 



Mixture, oleaginous, 412 
olive oil, 412 

opium and cinnamon water, 
426 
lime water, 424 
syrup of poppies, 426 
pectoral, 389 
Peruvian bark, 227, 229 
phosphate of sodium, 548 
pomegranate root, extract, 

316 
Prussian blue, 288 
quince seed, 262 
rhatany, 365 
rhubarb, 495 
rue, 503 

and squill, 502 
santonica, 511 
scammony, 522 
Scudamore's, 240 
sedative, 426, 433 
seneka, 530 
senna, 533 
soot, 301 
spermaceti, 217 
squill, syrup, 526 

extract, and rhubarb, 

526 
oxymel and ammo- 
niac, 526 
ipecacuanha, 526 
marsh mallow, 526 
valerian, 526 
vinegar, 526 

and ammonia, 526 
starch and suet, 135 
stramonium, 556 
strychnia, 557 
subcarbonate of iron, 282 
succinate of ammonium. 

130 
sugar of milk and gum 
Arabic, 506 
Iceland moss, 506 
sulphate of cinchonia, 233 
iron, 298 

magnesium and coffee, 
383 
nitric acid, 384 
Rochelle salt, 383 
sulphuric acid, 383 
tartar emetic, 383 
morphia, 402 
potassium, 474 
quinia, 487 

and coffee, 487 
zinc, 592 
sulpho-tartrate of quinia, 

488 
sulphur, 563 

sulphuret of antimony, 142 
and lime, 142 
carbon, 565 
potassium, 476 
sodium and sal ammo- 
niac, 550 
sulphuric ether and cam- 
phor, 106 
turpentine, 106 
sweet spirit of nitre, 552 
tannic acid, 101 
tartarized soda, 464 
tartrate of potassium, 477 
andammonium, 464 



753 

Mixture, tobacco, 567 
turpentine, 572 
oil, 414 

and ether, 414 
uva ursi, 577 
valerianate of zinc, 592 
valerian and ammonia, 
579 
Hoffmann's anodyne, 
579 
vinegar, 85 

and cardamom, 86 
Virginia snakeroot, ace- 
tated, 536 
and allspice, 536 
wine of opium, 426 
wormseed oil, 220 
yeast, 277 
Mode of administration of med- 
icine, 63 
Molasses beer, 611 
injection, 598 
posset, 610 
Mole plant, 276 

mixture of oil, 276 
Monesia, 397 

mixture, 397 
ointment, 397 
purified, 397 
syrup, 397 

compound, 397 
tincture, 397 
Monkshood, 102 
Monsel's solution, 295 
Morphia, 397 

anodyne solution, 398 
draught, 398 
injection, 398 
pills, 398 
acetate, 398 
bolus, 398 
clyster, 399 
mixture, 399 
ointment, 399 
pills, 398 
powder, compound, 

398 
solution, 399 

alcoholic, 399 
with ipecacuanha, 
398 
syrup, 399 
troches, 398 
bimeconate, 399 
solution, 399 
citrate, 399 
hydriodate, 400 
muriate, 400 

chlorodyne, 596 
lozenges, 401 



GENERAL INDEX. 

Morphia, muriate, and ipecac- 
uanha lozenges, 400 
mixture, 400 
pills, 401 
solution, 400 
suppositories, 401 
syrup, 400 

compound, 400 
nitrate, 401 
phosphate, 401 
sulphate, 401 
bolus, 401 
lotion, 402 
pills, 401 
solution, 402 

Magendie's, 402 
suppositories, 402 
syrup, 402 

troches and ipecac, 
401 
tartrate, 402 
Mosaic gold, 554 
Mucilage, gum Arabic, 84 
mercurial, 327 
rice, 430 
sago, 507 
salep, 607 
slippery elm, 576 
starch, 135 
tragacanth, 574 
Mudar, 189 

infusion, 189 
oil, 189 
pills, 189 
Mugwort, 152 
Mulberries, 397 
syrup, 397 
rob, 397 
Mulled wine, 610 
Muriate of brucia, 178 
cinchonia, 233 
morphia, 400 

and codeia, 237 
narcotina, 407 
opium, 425 
quinia, 484 
strychnia, 559 
veratria, 582 
Muriatic acid, 96, 6S9 
bath, 96 
diluted, 96 
draught, 96 
gargle, 96 
gaseous, 96 
injection, 96 
liniment, 96 
lotion, 96 
mixture, 96 
pediluvium, 96 



Muriatic acid, syrup, 96 
ether, 105 

chlorated, 105 
Musk, 402 

artificial, 560 

emulsion, 560 
tincture, 560 
bolus, 402 
clyster, 403 
mixture, 403 
pills, 402 
powder, 402 
root, 565 

compound elixir, 566 
fluid extract, 566 
oleo-resin, 566 
tincture, 565 
tincture, 403 
Mustard, 537 

cataplasm, 537 

compound, 537 
foot-bath, 537 
gargle, 537 
injection, 537 
liniment, 538 
lotion, 538 
oil, fixed, 538 
volatile, 538 

tincture, 538 
ointment, 538 

compound, 538 
paper, 537 
whey, 537 
Mutton broth, 609 

tea, 608 
Mynsicht's elixir, 99 
Myrrh, 405 

collutory, 406 
extract, 406 

compound, 406 
gargle, 406 
injection, 406 
mixture, compound, 406 

Griffith's, 406 
oil, 407 

pills and Canada balsam, 
405 
squill, 405 
sulphate of iron, 
405 
zinc, 405 
plaster, 407 

powder, einmenagogue, 4^5 
and ipecacuanha, 4UJ 
saccharated, 506 
solution, alkaline, 406 
tincture, 406 

and hellebore, 406 
dentifrice, 407 



N 



Naphthalin, 407 
lozenges, 407 
ointment, 407 
syrup, 407 

Narcotics, 700 
Narcotioo-irritantf, 

Narcotina, 407 
bolua, 407 



702 



Narcotina, mixture, 407 

muriate, 407 
Nervine balsam, .'!70, 404 
Neutral mixture, 4t>2 
New Jersey tea, 214 

decoction, 215 
Nicholson's hydrometer, 33 
Nicotina, 567 



Nitrate of ammonium, 129 
mixture, 129 
camphor, 195 
iron, 292 
mercury, 340 
acid, 340 
morphia, 401 
potassium, 471 




GENERAL INDEX 



759 



Nitrate of quinia, 485 

silver, 146 

sodium, 547 

strychnia, 559 

veratria, 582 
Nitre, 471 

cubic, 547 

fused, 471 

purified, 471 

sweet spirit, 552 
Nitric acid, 97 

collutory, 97 
diluted, 97 
fomentation, 97 
injection, 97 
lemonade, 97 
liniment, 97 
lotion, 97 
mixture, 97 



Nitric acid ointment, 97 
Nitro-muriatic acid, 97 
diluted, 98 
bath, 98 

saccharate of lead, 450 
Nitrous ether, 552 

powders, 471 
Norwood's tincture, 583 
Nuremberg plaster, 450 
Nutmeg, 404 

cerate, 404 

clyster, 405 

essence, 405 

nervine balsam, 404 

oil, expressed, 404 
volatile, 404 

plaster, 404 

powder, anti-hectic, 405 



Nutmeg powder, aromatic, 404 

saccharated, 506 
spirit, 405 

compound, 405 
Nux vomica, 408 
extract, 408 

aqueous, 408 

pills, 409 
lotion, 409 
mixture, 409 
pills, 409 

and aloes, 409 

colocynth, 409 

compound, 409 
powder, 408 
tincture, 408 

compound, 408 

ethereal, 408 



O 



Oak bark, 481 

acorn coffee, 481 

cataplasm, 481 

confection, 481 

decoction, 481 

extract, 481 

gargle, 481 

injection, 481 

powder, compound, 481 
Oat, 163 

cataplasm, 163 

decoction, 163 

flummery, 163 

gruel, groat, 163 

powder, for cataplasm, 163 
Oatmeal, gruel, 163 
Observations on management 

of the sick room, 60 
Officinal preparations and di- 
rections, 639 
Oil of almond, 133 

mixture, 134 
bitter, 134 

amber, 560 

rectified, 560 

anise, 137 

mixture, 138 

benne, 536 

benzoin, 174 

black pepper, resinous, 439 
volatile, 439 

box, 180 

bromine, 178 

cajeput, 410 

caraway, 208 

carron, 186 

castor, 412 

chlorine, 223 

cinnamon, 235 

cloves, 208 

cod-liver, 410 

copaiba, 249 

croton, 415 

cubebs, 257 

dittany. 257 

eggs, 430 

elaterium, 270 

ergot, 273 



Oil of euphorbium, 277 
fennel, 301 
ginger, 594 
guaiacum, 317 

compound, 317 
horsebalm, 242 
horsemint, 396 
laurel, 370 
macassar, 134 
mace, 404 
marjoram, 429 
mezereon, green, 396 
mudar, 189 
mustard, fixed, 538 

volatile, 538 
myrrh, 407 
neroli, 159 
nutmeg, expressed, 404 

volatile, 404 
olive, 412 
orange flowers, 159 
parsley, 436 
partridge berry, 307 
pennyroyal, 321 
peppermint, 393 
rose, 498 
rosemary, 500 
rue, 502 
sassafras, 520 
savine, 504 
scammony, 522 
soot, 302 
tansy, 568 
tobacco, 567 
turpentine, 413 

and ether, 414 
honey, 413 

clyster, 414 

confection, 413 

emulsion, 414 

vermifuge, 414 

liniment, 415 
acetic, 415 
opiated, 415 
sulphuric, 563 

lotion, 413 

for toothache, 414 

mixture, 414 



Oil of turpentine ointment, 414 

purified, 413 

rectified, 413 

soap, Starkey's, 415 

solution, odontalgic, 
414 

wine, 415 
valerian, 579 
violets, 584- 
wine, 106 
wormseed, 226 
wormwood, essential, 84 
Oil, British, 435 
Dippel's, 409 
distilled, 659 
essential, 659 

table of, 662 
fixed, 665 
phosphorated, 436 
volatile, 659 
Ointments, 677 
Ointment, ammoniaeal, 127 
Anglo-Saxon, 119 
anodyne, 423 
arsenical, 88 
atropia, 157 
Banyer's, 449 
basilicon, 489 
citrine, 340 

Desault's ophthalmic, 343 
Egyptian, 258 
for chilblains, 119 
issue, 201 
itch, 516 
Kentish, 415 
ophthalmic, 342 
pile, 119 
poplar, 348 

Begent's ophthalmic, 343 
Bust's, 119 

St. Yves ophthalmic, 343 
sultana, 218 
Ointment of acetate of lead, 447 

morphia, 399 
aconite, 103 

ammoniated, 104 
aconitia, 104 
aloes, 114 



760 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Ointment of alum, 119 

American hellebore, 583 
ammoniated copper, 260 
animal charcoal, 204 
arseniate of iron, 2S0 
azedarach, 164 
balsam of Peru, 165 

compound, 165 
belladonna, 173 
bichloride of platinum, 444 
biniodide of potassium, 469 
and opium, 469 
black hellebore, 322 

oxide of mercury, 386 
pepper, 439 
pitch, 443 
borax, 543 
bromide of iron, 281 
potassium, 458 

compound, 458 
sodium, 544 
butter cacao, 181 
calomel, 337 

and acetate of copper, 
337 
alum, 337 
camphor, 337 
squill, 337 
camphor, 195 
cantha rides, 200 
carbolic acid, 91 
carbonate of ammonium, 
127 
lead, 447 

camphorated, 447 
potassium, 461 
sodium, 545 
carburet of iron, 283 
carrot, 207 
cevadilla, 503 

extract, 503 
charcoal, 205 . 
cherry-laurel, 371 
chloride of antimony, 139 
gold, 160 

and sodium, 160 
lead, 448 
chlorinated lime, 188 
chlorine, 223 
chloroform, 224 
cocculus indicus, 236 
cod-liver oil, 41 I 

compound, 411 
common salt, 546 

compound, 540 
cowhage, 403 
creasote, 253 

compound, 253 
croton oil, 4 17 
cucumber, 257 • 
cyanide of silver, 146 
cyanide of mercury, 337 

potassium, 403 
delphinia, 263 
elder flowers, 510 

leaves, 509 
elemi, 271 
fennel, 30 I 
flgwort, 528 
foxglove, 268 
fuligokali, 302 
galls, 306 

compound, 305 
extract, 305 



Ointment of glycerin, 312 
gold, 160 
hemlock, 245 

compound balsamic, 
245 
henbane, 348 

compound, 348 
hops, 326 

hydrargyro-iodide of potas- 
sium, 470 
iodide of ammonium, 129 
iodide of arsenic, 150 
barium, 168 
cadmium, 181 
carbon, 206 
iron, 291 
lead, 448 
mercury, 339 
potassium, 465 

and opium, 467 
mercury, 467 
morphia, 467 
silver, 146 
sulphur, 565 
zinc, 588 
iodine, 353 

compound, 353 
with mercury, 353 

oil of tobacco, 353 
iodoform, 354 
laudanum, 423 
laurel, 370 
lavender, 372 
lead, 449 

compound, 449 
lime, 186 
lupulin, 378 
marsh mallow, 115 
matico, 390 
mercury, 329 

camphorated, 329 
compound, 329 
and belladonna, 330 
turpentine, 330 
mezereon, 396 
monesia, 397 
mustard, 538 

compound, 538 
naphthalin, 407 
nitrate of bismuth, 176 
mercury, 340 

and lead, 340 
silver, 147 

compound, 148 
strychnia., 559 
nitric acid, 97 
opium and tar, 423 
oxide of manganese, 386 
and sulphur, 386 
silver, 148 
zinc, impure, 590 
petroleum, 435 
phosphorus, 437 
picrotoxin, 236 
poke, 438 
Prussian blue, 288 
red iodide of mercury, 339 
oxide of mercury, 342 
and basil icon, 343 
cinnabar, 343 
load, 343 
sulphur, 343 
tin, 343 
zinc, 343 



j Ointment of red sulphuret of 
mercury, 345 
rhatany, compound, 366 
rose water, 497 
saffron, 254 
savine, 505 
soot, 302 

compound, 302 
spermaceti, 217 

and rose water, 21 7 
squill, 527 
stavesacre, 554 
stramonium, 556 
strychnia, 558 
subacetate of lead, 447 

copper, 258 
sulphate of cadmium, 182 
copper, 261 
mercury, 344 
quinia, 487 
sulphur, 563 

and camphor, 564 
soap, 564 
zinc, 564 
compound, 564 
sulphuret of antimony, 141 
potassium, 477 
sodium, 550 
sulphuric acid, 100 
tannate of lead, 450 
tannic acid, 101 
tar, 443 

compound, 443 
tartar emetic, 144 

compound, 144 
tin, 553 
tobacco, 567 
turpentine, 572 

compound, 572 
tutty, 500 
veratria, 581 

and iodine, 582 
morphia, 582 
opium, 581 
verdigris, 258 

and alum, 258 
white hellebore, 583 

compound, 583 
white precipitate, 331 
wild indigo, 167 
willow leaves, 508 
zinc, oxide, 590 

and calomel, 590 
opium, 590 
Oleaginous mixture, 412 
Oleate of mercury and morphia, 

341 
Oleo-infusion of aconite, 103 
belladonna, 172 
canthariiles, 199 
chamomile, 139 
elaterium, 270 
figwort, 528 
German chamomile, 

391 
hemlock, 245 
henbane, 348 
marjoram, 430 
rosemary, 500 
rue, 502 

stramonium, 557 
tobacco, 567 
wormwood, 84 
Oleoresin of black pepper, 439 



GENERAL IXDEX 



761 



Oleoresin of Cayenne pepper, 
203 
cubebs, 256 
ginger, 594 
lupulin, 378 
male fern, SCO 
Oleo-saccharated powders, 506 
Olive oil, 412 

clyster, 412 
mixture, 412 
Onguent de la mere, 449 
Opiate, anti-dysenteric, 422 
Opium, 417, 700 
balsam, 421 
cerate, 423 
clyster, 424 
collyrium, 423 
confection, 421 
draught, anodyne, 428 
drops, 422 
elixir, 418 

Lettsom's, 42S 
extract, acetous, 418 
alcoholic, 418 
aqueous, 418 
aqueo-alcoholic, 418 
denarcotized, 418 
fermented, 418 
roasted, 418 
vinous, 418 
Godfrey's cordial, 428 
fomentation, 424 
injection, 424 
linctus, 424, 428 
liniment, 422 

with oil of chamomile, 
423 
lozenges, Wistar's, 429 
mass, anti-odontalgic, 421 
mixture, anti-otitic, 423 
brown, cough, 314 
with cinnnmon water, 
426 
lime water, 424 
syrup of poppies, 
426 
sedative, 426 
muriate, 425 
ointment, 423 

and tar, 423 
pills, 419 

aromatic, 420 
odontalgic, 421 
with acetate of lead, 
420 
mercury, 420 
butter of cacao, 

420 
camphor, 420 
castor, 421 
foxglove, 420 
hemlock and cal- 
omel, 420 
and henbane, 
419 



Opium pills with liquorice, 421 
musk, 420 
nitrate of silver, 

420 
soap, 428 
tartar emetic, 143 
sulphate of zinc, 

420 
sulphuret of an- 
timony, 419 
plaster, 422 

with camphor, 422 
galbanum, 422 
powder, 419 

compound, with chalk, 

419 
Dover's, 354 

eclectic, 429 
roasted, 419 
with antimony, 419 
camphor, 419 
musk, 419 
nitre, 419 
sulphur, 419 
suppository, 424 
syrup, 423 

succinated, 423 
tincture, 426 

acetated, 425 
ammoniated, 427 
and capsicum, 427 
saffron, 426 
soap, 428 
tartar emetic, 429 
Bateman's, 427 
Battley's, 427 
camphorated, 427 
clyster, 424 

and valerian, 424 
compound, 427 
extract, 427 
liniment, 422 

and lime water, 
422 
ointment, 423 
Smith's, 427 
succinated, 428 
Swediaur's, 428 
Warner's 428* 
vinegar, or black drop, 425 
Guy's hospital, 425 
Houlton's, 425 
Lancaster, 425 
mixture, 426 
Porter's, 425 
Rousseau's, 425 
water, 424 
wine, 426 

collyrium, 423 
drops, odontalgic, 421 
fomentation, 424 
mixture, 426 
Sydenham's, 426 
Opodeldoc, 514 
liquid, 514 



| Opoponax, 429 

emulsion, 429 
tincture, 429 

compound, 429 
Orange, 157 

berries, 159 

elixir, compound, 159 
tincture, comp., 158 
flowers, 159 

confection, 159 
oil, 159 
pastilles, 159 
syrup, 159 
water, 159 
leaves, 158 

electuary, 158 
jelly, 159 
oil, simple elixir, 597 

spirit, 597 
peel, 157 

confection, 157 
electuary, 157 
elixir, 158 

simple, 158 
extract, 158 
infusion, 158 

compound, 158 
powder, with rhubarb, 

157 
spirit, 158 
syrup, 158 
tincture, 157 
Orgeat, syrup of, 132 
Oriental pills, 420 

water, 459 
Orpiment, 151 

depilatory, 151 
Delcroix's, 151 
lotion, 151 
powder, 151 
Orris root, 358 

dentifrice, 358 
Oxalate of cerium, 216 
iron, 293 
potassium, 472 
Oxalic acid, 98, 690 

lozenges, 98 
Ox gall, 277 

Oxide, antimony, nitro-muria- 
tic, 139 
gold, 162 

iron, hydrated, 293 
lead, 449 
manganese, 386 
mercury, 341 
silver, 148 
tin, 553 
zinc, 589 
Oxymel, 391 

bitartrate of potassium, 

456 
colchicum, 240 
elecampane, compound, 351 
squill,' 527 
Oyster-shell, prepared, 183 



762 



GENERAL INDEX. 



Palamoud, 180 

Panada, 607 j 

chicken, 609 
Pancreatin, 431 
glycerite, 432 
injection, nutritive, 432 
powder, 431 
solution, digestive, 431 
Paper, anti-rheumatic, 490 
blistering, 201 
calabar bean, 438 
mustard, 537 
nitrated, 472 
resin, 490 
Paracelsus' elixir, 113 
Paraguay-roux, 479 
Paregoric, elixir, 427 

Scotch, 427 
Pareira brava, 433 

decoction, 433 
extract, 433 

fluid, 433 
infusion, 433 
tincture, 433 
Parrish's camphor mixture,. 193 
Parsley, 436 

infusion, 436 
oil, 436 
Partridge-berry, 307 
oil, 307 
water, 307 
Pastes, 666 
Paste, almond, 131 

chloride of zinc, 587 

cacao, compound, 180 

copaiba, 250 

de guimauve, 85 

fig, 299 

glycerin, 312 

gum Arabic, 84, 85 

liquorice, 313 

inarshmallow, 114 

anti-odontalgic, 389 

pectoral, of gum Arabic, 

84 
phosphorus, 437 
tragacanth, 574 
rubefacient, 445 
Wards, 439 
Pastilles, catechu, 214 
de Paris, 596 
de sante, 522 
fumigating, 173 
orange flowers, 159 
purgative, 522 
Paul I in ia, 434 

chocolate, 434 
extract, alcoholic, 434 
lozenges, 434 

pin.-, <m 

syrup, 434 
Pearson's solution, 640 
Pedil avium, mustard, 537 

muriatic acid, 96 
Pcllitory, 4 79 
extract, 479 
liniment, 479 

lozenges, 4 79 

plaster, 479 



Pellitory tincture, 479 

compound, 479 
Pennyroyal, 321 
infusion, 321 
oil, 321 
Pepper, black, 439 
cubebs, 254 
long, 440 
Jamaica, 438 
white, 439 
Peppermint, 393 
essence, 393 
lozenges, 393 
mixture, 394 
oil, 393 
spirit, 393 
water, 393 
Pepsin, 434 

saccharated, 434 
wine, 434 

rennet, 435 
Persimmon, 268 

infusion of bark, 268 
wine of fruit, 268 
Persulphate of mercury, 344 
Peruvian bark, 226 
beer, 232 
cataplasm, 231 
cerate, 231 
clyster, 231 
decoction of yellow, 
228 
compound, 229 
mixture, 228 
with cascarilla, 
229 
rhatany, 
229 
electuary, 230 

astringent, 230 
with catechu, 230 
iron, 230 
tin, 230 
*elixir, 233, 597 

with iron, 597 
extract, 228 

aqueous, 227 
bolus, 228 
fluid, 229 

aromatic, 232 
pale, 227 
pills, 228 
precipitated, 228 
vinous, 228 
gargle, 232 
infusion of yellow, 229 
compound, 229 
with cantbarides, 
229 
magnesia, 229 
rhubarb, 230 
snakeroot, 229 
lotion, 232 
mixture, 227 
pomatum, 230 
powder, compound, 
226 
dentifrice, 227 
with arnica, 226 



Peruvian bark powder with cam 
phor, 227 
cascarilla, 226 
isinglass, 227 
valerian 227 
saccharated, 506 
syrup, 232 
iron, 232 
vinous, 232 
tincture, 230 

compound, 230 
ammoniated, 231 
with cantharides, 
231 
gentian, 231 
snakeroot, 

231 
valerian, 231 
wine, 232 

and iron, 232 
compound, 232 
Petroleum, 435 

anthelmintic mixture, 435 
British oil, 435 
diuretic mixture, 435 
embrocation, 435 
ointment, 435 
plaster, 435 
Pewter, solder for, 605 
Pharmaceutical names, table 

of, 727 
Phloridzin, 436 

powder, 436 
Phosphate of ammonium, 129 
solution, 129 
calcium, 187 
iron, 295 
magnesium, 382 
manganese, 386 
mercury, 343 
morphia, 401 
quinia, 485 
sodium, 548 
Phosphorated ether, 437 
liniment, 437 
oil, 436 

emulsion, 436 
turpentine, 437 
ointment, 437 
Phosphoric acid, 98 
diluted, 98 
fomentation, 98 
glacial, 98 
lemonade, 99 
pills, 98 
tincture of myrrh, 99 
Phosphorus, 430, 699 
cerate, 437 
paste, 437 
pills, 436 
tincture, 437 
Picrotoxin, 236 
Pills, 641 

Abernethy, 329 
acetate of copper, 257 
lead, 444 
mercury, 331 

and opium, 331 
morphia, 398 



GENERAL INDEX. 



763 



Pills, acetate of potassium, 
compound, 453 
sodium, compound, 539 
aconite, extract, 103 
agaric and opium, 177 
aloes, 108 

and assafetida, 108 
blue mass, 111 
iron, 109 
myrrh, 109 
rhubarb, 111 
Anderson's, 109 
anticblorotic, 110 
aperient, 109, 111 
Barthez's, 111 
Bicker's, 110 
Chapman's anti-dys- 
peptic, 109 
aperient, 109 
compound, 108 
dinner, 109, 389 
Duchesne's, 110 
Frank's, 111 
Fuller's, 110 
Hooper's, 109, 298 
James's analeptic, 110 
Lady Webster's, 109 
Mitchell's, 109 
Morrison's, 109 
Peters's. 110 
Pitschaft's eccoprotic, 

111 
Rufus's, 109 
Speediman's, 110 
splenitic, 110 
Stahl's, 110 
Whytt's, 110 
alum, 117 

and benzoic acid, 117 
astringent, 117 
American hellebore, 583 
ammoniac, 119 

and rhubarb, 120 
compound, 120 
De Haen's, 120 
Klein's, 120 
ammoniated copper, 259 
compound, 260 
gold, 162 
iron, 280 
anemone, 136 
antibilious, 243 
antimonial powder and 

calomel, 140 
arseniate of iron, 280 
arsenic and opium, 89 

pepper, 89 
arsenical, 89 
assafetida, 154 

and aloes, 108 
iron, 154 
lactucarium, 154 
musk, 154 
opium, 154 
compound, 303 
Bacher's, 322 
balsam of Peru, 164 
belladonna, compound, 171 

and camphor, 171 
bichloride of platinum, 443 
bittersweet, extract, 269 
black hellebore, 321 

extract of, 322 
oxide of mercury, 341 



Pills, black oxide of iron, 294 
pitch, 443 
Blancard's, 290 
Blaud's antichlorotic, 297 
bloodroot, 510 
blue, or mercurial, 328 
and antimony, 326 
colocynth, 328 
jalap, 328 
quinia, 328 
rhubarb, 328 
compound, 328 
borax and aloes, 542 
borotartrate of potassium, 

compound, 457 
bromide of iron, 281 
brucia, 178 

buckbean, compound, 395 
Burgundy pitch, 441 
calomel, 335 

and acetate of lead, 
335 
antimony, 336 
catechu, 336 
colocynth, 336 
dandelion, 335 
guaiacum, 336 
iron, 335 
jalap, 336 
opium, 337 
quinia, 335 
squill, 335 
compound, 336 
cathartic, 243 
camphor, 192 

compound, 192 
and lactucarium, 192 
musk, 192 
cantharides and camphor, 
197 
capsicum, 197 
iron, 197 
carbonate of ammonium, 
126 
iron, 281 

compound, 282 
and manganese, 
385 
sodium, 545 

and rhubarb, 544 
oarburet of iron, 283 
castor, 211 

and succinic acid, 211 
catechu and alum, 213 

liquorice, 213 
cathartic, compound, 243 
Cayenne pepper, 202 
celandine, 220 
centaury, extract, 215 
chamomile, compound, 139 
chloride of barium, 168 
calcium, 185 
gold, 160 

and sodium, 161 
manganese, 385 
mercury and quinia, 

338 
silver and ammonia, 
146 
citrate of caffeina, 238 
colchicum, 239 

compound, 239 
colocynth, compound, 243 
and henbane, 243 



Pills, columbo, compound, 190 
copaiba, 247 

and cubebs, 248 

and turpentine, 
248 
corrosive sublimate, 332 
compound, 332 
creasote, 252 
croton oil, 415 

compound, 416 
and blue mass, 416 
quinia, 416 
cyanide of gold, 162 
zinc, 588 
mercury, compound, 

338 
potassium, 463 
dandelion, 570 

and blue mass, 570 
digitalin, 267 
dinner, 109, 389 
dogwood, round-leaved, 251 
elaterium, 270 
elecampane, compound, 

350 
ergot, extract of, 273 

compound, 273 
ferrocyanate of quinia, 483 
ferrocyanide of zinc, com- 
pound, 588 
foxglove, 265 

and squill, 265 
fuligokali, sulphuretted, 

302 
galbanum, compound, 303 
gallic acid, 93 
gamboge, compound, 306 
gentian, compound, 308 
Griffith's, 282 
Griffitt's, 492 
guaiacum and aloes, 318 
antimony, 318 
sulphur, 318 
turpentine, 318 
hemlock and calomel, 242 
dandelion, 244 
ipecacuanha, 244 
henbane, compound, 347 
and ipecacuanha, 347 
opium, 347 
hydrargyro-iodide of potas- 
sium, 470 
iodide of arsenic, 150 
calcium, 185 
iron, 289 
lead, 448 
manganese, 385 
mercury, 339 

compound, 339 
potassium, 465 
iodine, 351 
indigo, 350 

ipecacuanha and centaury, 
356 
foxglove, 356 
opium, 356 
squill, 356 
compound, 354 
iron, prepared, 278 
jalap and calomel. 360 

compound, 360 
Keyser's, 331 
kinate of quinia, 484 
kino, compound, 364 



764 



GENEEAL INDEX, 



Pills, lactate of iron, 292 
quinia, 484 
lactucarium, 368 
Lartigue's, 239 
Lockstadt's, 134 
lupulin, 378 

male fern, extract, 299, 300 
marigold, extract, 189 
mercury and antimony, 

326 
morphia, 398 
mudar, 189 
musk, 402 

myrrh and Canada bal- 
sam, 405 
squill, 405 

sulphate of iron, 405 
zinc, 405 
nitrate of bismuth, 176 
potassium, 471 

and camphor, 471 
silver, 147 
nux vomica, 409 

and aloes, 409 
compound, 

409 
extract, 409 
opium, 419 

and acetate of lead, 
420 
mercury, 420 
butter of cacao, 

420 
camphor, 420 
castor, 421 
foxglove, 420 
hemlock and calo- 
mel, 420 
henbane, 419 
liquorice, 421 
musk, 420 
nitrate of silver, 

420 
sulphate of zinc, 

420 
sulphuret antimo- 
ny, 419 
aromatic, 420 
oxide, black, of iron, 294 
gold, 162 
red, of iron, 294 
silver, 148 
zinc, 590 

compound, 590 
paullinia, 434 
Peruvian bark, extract, 

228 
phosphate of mercury, 344 
phosphoric acid, 98 
piperina, 440 

and mercury, 440 
pipsissewa, 221 
Plammer's, 336 
podophyllin, compound, 
4.01 
and iron, 451 

may apple, 451 
poison oak, 574 
proto-nitrate of mercury, 

340 
Prussian blue, 288 
purgative mercurial, 329 
red iodide of mercury, 338 
oxide of mercury, 842 



Pills, rhatany, 365 
rhubarb, 491 

compound, 491 
and caraway, 491 
chamomile, 491 
ipecacuanha, 491 
iron, 492 
ox-gall, 492 
soda, 492 
Griffith's, 492 
saffron, 254 

sagapenum, compound, 507 
salicin, 507 

compound, 507 
salutis, 111 
savine, 504 
scammony, 521 

and ox-gall, 521 
compound, 521 
seneka, 529 
senna, 531 
soap and ox-gall, 515 

compound, 515 
soda and ipecacuanha, 545 

rhubarb, 544 
soot, 301 

squill and ammoniac, 523 
calomel, 523 
croton oil, 523 
ipecacuanha, 523 
henbane, 524 
compound, 524 
storax, 559 
stramonium, 555 

compound, 555 
strychnia, 557 

stimulant, 557 
sulphate of bebeerina, 169 
cinchonia, 233 
copper, 260 

and opium, 260 
compound, 260 
iron, 297 

and rhubarb, 297 
compound, 297 
morphia, 401 
potassium, 474 
quinia, 486 

compound, 486 
with gentian, 486 
sodium, compound, 548 
zinc, 590 

compound, 591 
with myrrh, 591 
turpentine, 
591 
sulphuret of antimony, 140 
and lime, 142 
calcium, compound, 

188 
mercury, black, 344 

red, 345 
potassium, 475 

compound, 475 
tannic acid, 100 

nnd opium, 100 
tansy, 568 
tar, 442 

tartar emetic and camphor, 
143 
guaiacum, 143 
opium, 143 
tobacco, 566 
triplex, 328 



Pills, turpentine, 571 

and guaiacum, 571 
jalap, 571 
magnesia, 571 
myrrh, 571 
rhubarb, 571 
valerian, compound, 578 
valerianate of quinia, 489 

zinc, 592 
veratria, 581 

and henbane, 581 
Virginia snakeroot, com- 
pound, 535 
Pimento, 438 
Pink, 263 

syrup, clove, 264 
Pinkroot, 551 

and calomel, 551 

savine, 551 
extract, fluid, 551 

compound, 551 
and senna, 552 
infusion, 551 

compound, 551 
Piperina, 440 
pills, 440 

and mercury, 440 
tincture, 440 
Pipsissewa, 220 
beer, 221 
decoction, 220 
alkaline, 220 
compound, 221 
extract, 221 

fluid, 221 
pills, 221 
syrup, 221 
Pitch, black, 443 

ointment, 443 
pills, 443 
plaster, 443 
Burgundy, 441 
cerate, 441 
pills, 441 
plaster, 441 

aromatic, 441 
compound, 441 
irritating, 441 
Canada, 442 
Plasters, 678 

Plaster, acetate of lead, 447 
aconite, 103 
adhesive, 489 

Baynton's, 449 
ammonia, 123 
ammoniac, 121 

with hemlock, 121 
mercury, 121 
arnica, 150 
assafetida, 156 
balsam of Peru, 165 
belladonna, 173 
biniodide of potassium, 470 
black pepper, 440 

pitch, 443 
Burgundy pitch, 441 
Canet's, 294 
cantharides, 200 

camphorated, 200 
compound, 200 
odontalgic, 200 
perpetual, 200 
carbonate of ammonium, 
127 



GENERAL INDEX. 



765 



Plaster, carbonate of lead, 448 

zinc, 586 
castor, compound, 212 
chalybeate, 294 
cinnamon, spice, 235 
clove, 208 
court, 348 

blistering, 201 
croton oil, 417 
cumin, 262 
diapalma, 449 
diachylon, compound, 304 
elemi, cautery, 271 
euphorbium, 277 
foxglove, 267 
galbanum, 303 

compound, 304 
Gaulthier's, 449 
gum, 121, 304 
hemlock, 245 

compound, 245 
iodide potassium, 468 
iodine, 352 

ioduretted potassium, 470 
iron, 283 
lead, 449 
Mahy's, 448 
mercurial, 330 

and belladonna, 330 
myrrh, 407 
Nuremberg, 450 
odontalgic, 200 
opium, 422 

and camphor, 422 
oxycroceum, 304 
pellitory, 479 
petroleum, 435 
pitch, 441 

aromatic, 441 

compound, 441 

with cantharides, 200 
red oxide of iron, 294 
resin, 489 
soap, 515 
spice, 235, 594 
St. Andrew's, 489 
subacetate of lead, 447 
sulphate of quinia, 488 
sulphuret of antimony and 
lime, 142 

potassium, comp., 477 
tartar emetic, 144 
turpentine, 572 

compound, 572 
verdigris, 258 
vigo with mercury, 490 
warming, 200, 441 
wax, 216 
Platina, 443 

bichloride, 443 

mixture, 443 

ointment, 444 

pills, 443 
Pleurisy root, 152 

infusion, 152 
Plummer's alterative, 334 

pills, 336 
Podopbyllin, 451 
Poids de Marc, 21 
Poison oak, 573 
extract, 573 
pills, 574 
tincture, 574 
Poison for rats, etc., 600 



Poisons, 687 
Poke, 438 

ointment, 438 
tincture, 438 

berries, 438 
Polygalic acid, 530 
Pomatum, 604 

cantharides, 201 
Peruvian bark, 231 
Pomegranate, 316 

bolus of root, 316 
decoction of rind, 316 

root, 316 
extract of root, 316 

electuary, 316 
mixture, 316 
gargle of rind, 316 
injection of rind, 316 
Pommade epispastique au ga- 

rou, 396 
Poppy heads, 432 

decoction, 432 
extract, 432 
injection, sedative, 433 
mixture, sedative, 433 
syrup, 432 

substitute for, 432 
pectoral, 432 
red, 496 
Portland powder, 215 
Posological table, 617 
Posset, molasses, 610 

sago, 507 
Potassa, 452, 692 
caustic, 452 

collyrium, 452 
injection, 452 
lotion, stimulant, 452 
mixture, 452 
solution, 452 

lithontriptic, 452 
chlorinated, 453 

solution, 453 
with lime, 452 
Potassium, 451 
acetate, 453 

scillitic, 453 
bolus, 453 
conserve, 453 
liquid, 453 

mixture, 453 
mixture, 454 
pills, compound, 453 
tincture, 454 
arseniate, 454 

mixture, 455 
arsenite, solution, 454 
bicarbonate, 455 

effervescing powders 
455 
solution, 455 
mixture, 455 
bichromate, 458 
bisulphate, 455 

effervescing draught 

455 
disinfecting powder 
455 
bitartrate, 455 

dentifrice, 456 
electuary, 456 
imperial drink, 457 
mixture, 456 
oxymel, 456 



Potassium, bitartrate, powder, 
456 
solution, 456 

compound, 456 
borate, 457 
borotartrate, 457 

and magnesium, 458 

mixture, 458 
mixture, 457 

and magnesium, 
458 
pills, compound, 457 
powder, 457 
solution, 457 
bromide, 458 

ointment, 458 

compound, 458 
solution, 458 
carbonate, 458 

and ammonium, 463 
collutory, 459 
collyrium, 459 
emulsion, 459 
fomentation, 459 
liniment, 459 
lotion, 460 
mixture, 460 
ointment, 461 
powder, 459 
pure, 459 
solution, 459 
tincture, 459 

compound, 460 
chlorate, 461 
gargle, 462 
injection, 462 
lozenges, 462 
powder, 461 

Stephen's, 461 
solution, 461 
chloride, 461 
citrate, 462 

effervescing draught, 

462 
mixture, 462 
solution, 462 

compound, 462 
cyanide, 462 
lotion, 463 
mixture, 463 
ointment, 463 
pills, 463 
solution, 463 
syrup, 463 
hydrargyro-iodide, 470 
ointment, 470 
pills, 470 
solution, 470 
syrup, 470 
tincture, 470 
hypophosphite, 1S5 
iodate, 465 

syrup, 465 
iodide, 465, 697 

and sarsaparilla, 466 
injection, 466 
liniment, 467 
lozenges, 465 
mixture, 466 
ointment, 467 

and mercury, 467 
morphia, 467 
opium, 467 
pills, 465 



766 



GENERAL INDEX 



Potassium, iodide, plaster, 468 
soap, 468 
solution, 466 
syrup, 466 

and iron, 466 
ioduretted, 468 
bath, 468 
collyrium, 469 
injection, 469 
lotion, compound, 469 
mixture, 469 
ointment, 469 

and opium, 469 
plaster, 470 
solution, compound, 
352, 469 
caustic, 469 
syrup, 469 
tincture, compound, 

351 
water, 468 

Lugol's, 468 
nitrate, 471 

emulsion, 472 
fused, 471 
gargle, 472 
lotion, 472 
mixture, 472 
pills, 471 

with camphor, 471 
paper, 472 
powder, 471 

with camphor, 471 
orris root, 471 
squill, 471 
purified, 471 
oxalate, 472 

lozenges, 473 
powder, 473 
permanganate, 473 

powder, disinfecting, 

473 
solution, 473 
silicate, 473 

soluble glass, 473 
solution, 473 
sulphate, 473 

and ammonium, 463 
magnesium, 464 
mixture, 474 
pills, 474 

powder, compound, 
474 
and rhubarb, 474 
sulpho-cyanide, 474 
sulphuret, 474 

and cream of tartar, 

475 
bath, 476 
bolus, 475 
electuary, 475 
ferro-sulphuret, 475 
hyposulphked, 474 

syrup, 475 
injection, 476 
lotion, 4 75 

compound, 476 
mixture, 476 
ointment, 477 
pills, 475 

compound, 475 
plaster, compound, 477 
soap, 477 
solution, 475 



Potassium, sulphuret, syrup, 
475 
compound, 475 
tincture, 475 
water, 475 
tartrate, 477 

and ammonium, 464 
mixture, 464 
solution, 464 
mixture, 477 
powder, and rhubarb, 
477 
Potato, wild, 247 
Potion of carbonate of ammo- 
nium, 126 
Riverus, 547 
Poudre subtile, 151 

temperante, 471 
Poultices, 674 
Powders, 639 

compound, 639 
effervescing, 22, 102, 455, 

540 
nitrous, 471 
oleo-saccharated, 506 
saccharated, 506 
simple, 639 
Powder, acetate of lead, 444 
morphia, comp., 398 
aconite, compound, 102 
agaric, 177 

and opium, 177 
algaroth, 139 
almond, 131 
aloes, 108 

and canella, 108 
compound, 108 
emmenagogue, 108 
alum, 116 

escharotic, 116 
ammoniated copper and 
belladonna, 259 
iron, 280 
animal charcoal, 204 
anthracokali, 205 

compound, 205 
antimonial, 140 
arnica, compound, 149 
aromatic, 206 
arsenical, 88 
arsenic, compound, 88 

Cosme's, 88 
asarabacca, 152 
avens, compound, 312 
belladonna, 170 

and rhubarb, 170 
benzoic acid and ipecac- 
uanha, 89 
benzoin, 173 

bicarbonate of potassium, 
455 
sodium and magnesia, 
541 
bismuth, compound, 175 
bitartrate of potassium, 456 
black oxide of iron, 21)4 
sulphuret of mercury, 
344 
borax, compound, 542 
borotartrate of potassium, 

457 
bronze, 554 
burnt sponge, 553 

compound, 553 



Powder, cacao, compound, 180 
Calabar bean, 438 
calomel and antimony, 334 
jalap, 335 
foxglove, 334 
nitrate of potassium, 

334 
opium, 335 
gamboge, 335 
pinkroot, 335 
antimony, and hen- 
bane, 334 
jalap and rhubarb, 334 
camphor, 191 

compound, 192 
cantharides and camphor, 
197 
savine, 197 
capuchin, 503 
carbonate of lead, cam- 
phorated, 447 
potassium, 459 
sodium, effervescing, 
541 
and mercury, 545 
rhubarb, 545 
carburet of iron, 283 
carrageen, compound, 225 
cascarilla, compound, 209 
castor, compound, 211 
catechu, compound, 213 
cevadilla, compound, 603 
chalk, aromatic, 183 
compound, 183 

with opium, 184 
charcoal and quassia, 204 
chlorate of potassium, 461 
chloride of barium, 168 
gold, 160 

• and sodium, 160 
silver, 146 
cinnamon, compound, 234 
cochineal, compound, 596 
colocynth, compound, 242 
. columbo and iron, 190 
magnesia, 190 
tartrate of iron, 190 « 
common salt and cochi- 
neal, 546 
compound, 546 
oontrayerva, compound, 

246 
coriander, compound, 250 
corrosive sublimate and 
copper, 332 
zinc, 332 
cubebs, 255 

and alum, 255 
ergot, 255 
hemlock, 255 
cyanide of gold, 162 
disinfecting, 455 
Dover's, 354 

eclectic, 429 
emmenagogue, 405 
ergot, compound, 273 
extract of lettuce, 369 
fennel, compound, 300 
foxglove, 264 
fumigating, 173, 345, 560 
galls, compound, 304 
gamboge compound, 306 
gentian, compound, 308 
ginger beer, 541 



GENEKAL INDEX 



767 



Powder, gold, 159 

golden sulphuret of anti- 
mony, 142 
guaiacum, compound, 317 
haemostatic, 489 
hedge hyssop, 317 
hemlock, 244 
henhane, compound, 347 
horse-chestnut, comp., 323 
indigo, 350 

iodide of barium, 188 
lead, 448 
mercury, 339 
sulphur, 565 
ipecac, and antimony, 355 
calomel, 355 
carbonate of sodium, 

355 
chloride of ammoni- 
um, 355 
myrrh, 355 
nitre, 355 
opium, 354 
rhubarb, 355 
tartar emetic. 355 
tragacanth, 355 
jalap and calomel, 359 

cream of tartar, 359 
ipecacuanha, 359 
scammony, 359 
compound, 359 
James's, 140 
kermesine, 141 

compound, 141 
kino, compound, 363 
lavender, compound, 371 
lupulin, 378 
madder, compound, 501 
magnesia and orange-peel, 
379 
rhubarb, 379 
sulphur, 379 
male fern, 299 
marsh mallow, 115 
mercurial, compound, 326 
metallic iron, 278 

compound, 278 
milk, 367 
musk, 402 

myrrh and ipecacuanha,405 
nitrate of potassium and 
camphor, 471 
orris root, 471 
squill, 471 
compound, 471 
nux vomica, 408 
oak bark, compound, 481 
opium and antimony, 419 
camphor, 419 
chalk, comp., 419 
musk, 419 
nitre, 419 
sulphur, 419 
roasted, 419 
orange-peel and rhubarb, 

157 
orpiment, 151 
oxalate of potassium, 473 
oxide of gold, 162 

manganese, 386 
pancreatin, 431 
Peruvian bark and arnica, 
226 
camphor, 227 



Powder, Peruvian bark and cns- 
carilla, 226 
isinglass, 227 
valerian, 227 
compound, 226 
phloridzin, 436 
phosphate of sodium, com- 
pound, 548 
pinkroot and calomel, 551 

savine, 504, 551 
Portland, 215 
Prussian blue, 288 

compound, 288 
red oxide of mercury, 342 
sulphuret of mercury, 
345 
rhatany, compound, 364 
rhubarb and chalk, 490 
magnesia, 490 
sulphate of potas- 
sium, 491 
compound, 491 
sal ammoniac, 127 
salep, compound, 607 
salicin, compound, 507 
saline, compound, 383 

Stevens's, 461 
santonin, 512 
sarsaparilla and Peruvian 

bark, 516 
savine and ginger, 504 
pinkroot, 504 
Spanish flieS, 504 
verdigris, 504 
seammony and cream of 
tartar, 521 
soot, 521 
compound, 521 
Seidlitz,464 
semen contra, 511 
seneka, compound, 529 
senna, and guaiacum, 531 

compound, 531 
soap, cosmetic, 513 
spermaceti, compound, 217 
squill and calomel, 523 

cream of tartar, 

523 
ipecacuanha, 523 
nitre, 523 
sulphur, 523 
compound, 523 
starch, compound, 135 
strychnia, compound, 557 
subcarbonate of iron, 282 
subnitrate of bismuth, 175 
sulphate of copper, 260 
compound, 260 
iron, 297 

mercury, comp., 344 
potassium and rhu- 
barb, 474 
compound, 474 
quinia, 485 

and morphia, 485 
soda, 485 
tartar emetic, 

485 
tartaric acid, 485 
compound, 485 
sodium and opium, 548 
nitre, 548 
tartar emetic, 
548 



Powder, sulphur and antimony, 
562 
camphor, 562 
cream of tartar, 

562 
liquorice, 562 
magnesia, 562 
orris root, 562 
compound, 562 
sulphuret of tin, 554 
tartar emetic, 142 

and ipecacuanha, 
143 
phosphate cal- 
cium, 143 
quinia, 143 
compound, 142 
tartarized soda and rhu- 
barb, 464 
tartrate of iron and col um- 
bo, 286 
effervescent, 287 
potassium and rhu- 
barb, 477 
tin, 553 
tobacco, 566 
tormentil, 573 
tragacanth, compound, 574 
uva ursi, compound, 576 
valerian, compound, 577 
verdigris and savine, 258 
wild ipecacuanha, 276 
willow bark, comp., 508 
white hellebore, 582 
zinc, oxide, 589 

and columbo, 589 
compound, 589 
cyanide, 587 
ferrocyanide, 588 
Precipitation, 640 
Preservative liquid, 188 
Pressavin's vegeto-mercurial 

liquor, 346 
Prickly ash, 585 

decoction, 585 
Pride of China, 164 
Process for coating pills, 595 
Proof spirit, 37 
Prophylactic vinegar, 87 
Prunes, 478 

pulp, 478 
Prussian blue, 288 
ink, 288 
mixture, 288 
ointment, 288 
pills, 288 
powder, 288 

compound, 288 
Prussic acid, 93, 689 
Pudding, arrowroot, 388 

tapioca, 569 
Pulp of purging cassia, 210 

tamarinds, 568 
Pulps, 646 

Pulvis temperans, 471,474 
Pumpkin seed, 434 
Purging cassia, 210 
Purified animal charcoal, 203 
Purple of Cassius, 163 
Putty, 604 

Pyroligneous acid, 88 
cataplasm, 88 
injection, 88 
mouth wash, 88 



768 



GENERAL INDEX 



Q 



Quassia, 480 

extract, 480 

infusion, 480 . 

compound, 480 

tincture, 480 

cinchona, 480 
compound, 480 

wine, 480 
Queen's root, 554 

decoction, 555 

fluid extract, 555 
Quiet in. sick room, 62 
Quince seed, 262 

bandoline, 262 
mixture, 262 
mucilage, 262 
Quinia, 481 

amorphous, 482 

impure, 482 

tincture, 482 

tincture, 481 

acetate, 482 

and chloride mercury, 
pills, 484 

arseniate, 482 

arsenite, 482 

di-arsenite, 482 

citrate, 483 



484 



Quinia, citrate, and iron, 483 

syrup, 483 
ferrocyanide, 483 

mixture, 483 
pills, 483 
hydriodate, 483 
iodide, 483 

with iron, 483 
biniodide, 483 
ioduretted hydriodate, 483 
kinate, 484 

pills, 484 
lactate, 484 

mixture, 484 

pills, 484 

syrup, 484 
muriate, 484 

mixture, 484 
nitrate, 485 
phosphate, 485 
sulphate, 485 

acid, 483 

dentifrice, 488 

enema, 488 

gargle, 488 

liniment, 487 

mixture, 487 

with coffee, 487 



Quinia, sulphate, ointment, 

487 
pills, 486 

and rhubarb, 486 
gentian, 486 
compound, 486 
plaster, 488 
powder, 485 

and morphia, 485 
soda, 485 
tartar emetic, 

485 
tartaric acid, 
485 
compound, 486 
syrup, 487 

and coffee, 487 
tincture, 487 

compound, 487 
wine, 487 

aromatic, 487 
sulpho-tartrate, 488 

mixture, 4S8 
tannate, 488 

impure, 488 
tartrate, 488 
valerianate, 488 
pills, 489 



R 



Racahout, 180 

Raspail's sedative water, 194 

Raspberry, 502 

syrup, 5 (J 2 

vinegar, 502 

water, 502 
Rat poison, 437, 600 
Ratafia of wormwood, 84 
Reaumur's thermometer, 46 
Red cedar, 363 

cerate, 363 

ink, 604 

iodide of mercury, 338 

lead, 450 

oxide of iron, 294 
mercury, 342 

poppy, 496 

infusion, 496 

compound, 496 
syrup, 496 

precipitate, 342 

roses, 498 

saunders, 510 

lalphuret of mercury, 345 
Refrigerants, 79 

Regent's ophthalmia ointment, 

843 
Reinsch's test, 688 
Resin, 489 

cerate, 4R9 

compound, 489 
eopaiba, 250 
hemp, [96 
jalap, .'{00 



Resin paper, 490 
plaster, 489 

St. Andrew's, 489 

vigo with mercury, 490 
podophyllum, 451 

pills, compound, 451 
powder, hemostatic, 489 
scammony, 522 
Rhafcany, 364 
clyster, 365 
collutory, 365 
dentifrice, 364 
electuary, 365 
extract, 364 

fluid, 365 
infusion, 365 
injection, 365 
mixture, 365 

ointment, compound, 366 
pills, 365 

powder, compound, 364 
syrup, 365 
tincture, 366 
Rhubarb, 490 

confection, 493 
electuary, 492 
extract, 493 

compound, 493 

fluid, 4 9:5 

with senna, 4 9.'! 
infusion, 492 

alkaline, 492 

compound, 492 
lozenges, 492 



Rhubarb mixture, 495 
pills, 491 

compound, 491 
and aloes, 111 
caraway, 491 
chamomile, 491 
Griffith's, 492 
ipecacuanha, 491 
iron, 492 
oxgall, 492 
soda, 492 
powder and chalk, 490 
magnesia. 490 
sulphate of potas- 
sium, 491 
compound, 491 
saccharated, 506 
roasted, 491 
suppository, 492 
syrup, 493 

aromatic, 493 
and senna, 494 
tincture, 494 

alkaline, 495 
sweet, 495 
and aloes, 494 
anise, 494 
gentian, 494 
orange-peel, 494 
senna, 494 
Warner's cordial, 494 
wine, 495 

and gentian, 495 
compound, 495 



GENERAL INDEX 



709 



Rice, 430 

blancmange, 611 
custard, 610 
gruel, 430 
jelly, 430 
mucilage, 430 
water, 430 
Ricord's pills, 340 
Rob of mulberries, 397 
Rochelle salt, 464 
Rose, dog, 497 

confection, 497 
hundred-leaved, 497 

collutory, 498 
essence, 498 
lozenges, 497 
oil, 498 
ointment, 495 



Rose, hundred-leaved, water, 
497 
ointment, 497 
red, 498 

confection, 498 
electuary, 498 
honey, 498 
infusion, acid, 498 
syrup, 499 
tincture, 499 
vinegar, 499 

compound, 499 
wine, 499 
Rosemary, 499 

aromatic bath, 499 
fomentation, 499 
vinegar, 499 
Hungary water, 500 



Rosemarv, marsh, 554 

oil, 500 

ointment, 499 

spirit, 500 

tincture, 500 
Rosin, 489 

Round-leaved dogwood, 251 
Rue, 502 

confection, 502 

extract, 502 

mixture, 503 

and squill, 502 

oil, 502 

syrup, 502 

tincture, 502 
Rules for the administration of 

medicine, 69 
Rust's astringent, 115 



S 



Saccharate of lead, 450 
Saccharated powders, 506 
Saccharine alum, 116 

carbonate of iron, 281 
Saccharometer, 34, 38 
Safflower, 207 

infusion, 207 
Saffron, 254 

collyrium, 254 

elixir, 254 

infusion, 254 

ointment, 254 

pills, 254 

powder, saccharated, 506 

syrup, 254 

tincture, 254 

compound, 254 
Sagapenum, 506 
prepared, 507 
pills, compound, 507 

508 
gargle, 509 
infusion, 508 

compound, 508 
vinegar, 509 

distilled, 509 
water, 508 

aromatic, 508 
concentrated, 508 
Sago, 507 

milk, 507 
mucilage, 507 
posset, 507 
Sal-ammoniac, 127 
bolus, 127 
cataplasm, 128 
collutoriuni, 128 
collyrium, 128 
draught, 128 
emulsion, 128 
fomentations, 127 
liniment, 128 
lotions, 127 
mixture, 128 
powder, 127 
wash, 128 
Sal prunelle, 471 
Salep, mucilage, 607 

powder, compound, 607 

49 



Salicin, 507 
pills, 507 

compound, 507 
powder, compound, 507 
Salt, common, 546 
of sorrel, 472 
Saltpetre, 471 
Sandalwood, 511 
oil, 511 

Zoll's pink paste, 511 
Santonate of sodium, 512 

syrup, 512 
Santonica, 511 
Santonin, 512 
lozenges, 512 
powder, 512 
Saponin, 514 
Sarsaparilla, 516 
beer, 520 
decoction, 516 

compound, 516 
Feltz's, 517 
Jauperand's, 517 
Vinache's, 517 
Zittman's, 517 
essence, 518 

compound, 518 
extract, 518 
fluid, 518 

compound, 518 
infusion, 516 

alkaline, 516 
Lisbon diet drink, 517 
powder, with Peruvian 

bark, 516 
syrup, 518 

compound, 519 
for mineral water, 519 
Gesnouin's, 520 
Laffecteur's, 519 
Indian, 322 

decoction, 323 
infusion, 323 
mixture, 323 
syrup, 322 
Sassafras, 520 
bark, 520 

infusion, 520 

compound, 520 



Sassafras bark oil, 520 
tincture, 520 

compound, 520 
pith, 520 

infusion, 520 
Saviard's lotion, 452 
Savine, 504 

cerate, 505 
extract, 504 

fluid, 505 
infusion, 504 
oil, 504 

emulsion, 504 
ointment, 505 
pills, 504 

powder, with cantharides, 
504 
ginger, 504 
pinkroot, 504 
verdigris, 504 
saccharated, 506 
tincture, 505 

compound, 505 
Scammony, 521 
chocolate, 522 
confection, 521 
elixir, 522 
emulsion, 522 

compound, 522 
mixture, 522 
oil, 522 
pastilles, 522 • 

de sante, 522 
pills, 521 

compound, 521 
with ox-gall, 521 
powder, with cream of 
tartar, 521 
soot, 521 
compound, 521 
resin, 522 
soap, 522 
Scarifications, 686 
Schneeberger, 5S2 
Scudamore's mixture, 240 
Scullcap, 528 
Scurvy grass, 236 

conserve, 236 
electuary, 236 



i i 







GENERAL INDEX 



Scurvy grass gargle, 237 
spirit, 237 

compound, 237 
Sea holly, 274 
Sealing wax, 604 
black, 605 
red, 604 
Sedatives, 79 
Seidlitz powders, 464 

water, 383 
Semen contra, 511 

electuary, 511 
extract, oleo-resinous. 

511 
enema, 511 
infusion, 511 
mixture, 511 
powder, 511 

of santonin, 512 
syrup, 511 
Seneka, 529 

decoction, 529 ' 
emulsion, 530 
extract, 530 

fluid, 529 
infusion, 529 

compound, 529 
jelly, 530 
mixture, 530 
pills, 529 
polygalic acid, 530 

syrup, 531 
powder, compound, 529 
syrup. 529 
tincture, 529 
Senna, 531 

American, 210 

infusion, 210 
black draught, 533 
confection, 531 

compound, 532 
electuary with cream of 
tartar, 532 
figs, 532 
rhubarb, 532 
sulphur, 532 
emulsion, 533 
extract, alcoholic, 531 

fluid, 534 
infusion, 533 

compound, 533 
with buckthorn, 533 
coffee, 533 
lemon juice, 534 
rhubarb, 534 
tamarinds, 533 
tincture, 533 
injection, 535 
mixture, 533 
pills, 531 

powder, compound, 531 
and (ruaiacum, 531 
syrup, •'<•';! 

and cider, 535 
compound aromatic, 

534 
manna, 534 
rhubarb, 535 
tincture, compound, 532 
with jrentiun, 532 
jalap, 532 
wine, compound, 632 
S-tonp, 671) 
Shampoo liquid, 202 



Show bottles, colors for, 601 
Shower-bath, 669 
Sialagogues, 79 
Sick room, management of, 59 
Sikes's hydrometer, 35 
Silicate of potassium, 463 
Silk weed, 153 
Silver, 146 

solder for, 605 
chloride, 146 

and ammonium, 146 

pills, 146 
powder, 146 
cyanide, 146 
ointment, 146 
iodide, 146 

ointment, 146 
nitrate, 146 

collyrium, 147 
fused, 147 
hair dye, 147 
indelible ink, 147 

without mor- 
dant, 147 
mixture, 147 
ointment, 147 

compound, 148 
pills, 147 

solution, Mackensie's, 
147 
oxide, 148 

ointment, 148 
pills, 148 
Simaruba, 536 
infusion, 536 

compound, 537 
Sinapisms, 674 
Sinapism of ammonia, 122 
Skunk cabbage, 268 
infusion, 268 
tincture, 268 
Slippery elm, 576 

cataplasm, 576 
mucilage, 576 
Snakeroot, black, 225 
decoction, 226 
extract, fluid, 226 
tincture, 226 
Virginia, 535 

electuary, 535 
extract, fluid, 535 
infusion, 535 

compound, 535 
mixture, with allspice, 
536 
acetated, 
536 
ether. 536 
pills, compound, 535 
tincture, 535 

with balsam Peru, 
536 
wine, with vanilla, 536 
Sneezewort, 321 
Soap, 512 

almond, 513 
aromatic, 513 
arsenical, 513 
balsam, camphorated ace- 
tic, 515 
beef marrow, 513 
bolus, 514 
camphorated, 513 
liniment, 614 



I Soap, castile, 512 
cataplasm, 515 
cerate, 513 

plaster, 513 
clyster, 515 
cod-liver oil, 516 

ioduretted, 516 
common, 512 
croton oil, 416 
electuary, 515 
essence, 515 

camphorated, 515 
grease balls, 514 
hard, 512 

iodide of potassium, 468 
itch ointment, 516 
jalap, 360 
liniment, 514 

ammoniacal, 514 
pills and ox-gall, 515 

compound, 515 

nitrated, 514 
plaster, 515 
powder, cosmetic, 513 
saponin, 514 
scammony, 522 
soft, 512 

solution, ethereal, 515 
Spanish, 512 
Starkey's, 415 
sulphur, 516 
sulphuret of potassium, 

477 
suppository, 515 
tincture, 514 

alkaline, 514 

camphorated, 513 
turpentine, 513 
with sulphur, 516 
Soda, caustic, 538, 693 
cakes, 61 1 
chlorinated, 539 

cataplasm, 539 

gargle, 539 

injection, 539 

mouth wash, 539 

solution, 539 
diluted, 539 
mint, 542 
powders, 541 
solution, 538 ' 

effervescing, 541 
tartarized, 464 

clyster, 465 , 

mixture, 464 

powder, with rhubarb, 
464 
Seidlitz, 464 

whey, 464 
Sodium, 538 

acetate, 539 

pills, compound, 530 
arseniate, 540 

solution, 540 

Ileinecke's, 540 
bicarbonate, 540 

emulsion, 540 

lotion, 641 

lozenges, 541 

mineral waters, artifi- 
cial, 541 

mixture, 541 

and copaiba, 542 

powder, 540, 541 



GENERAL INDEX 



771 



Sodium, bicarbonate, powder, 
effervescent, 541 
and magnesia, 541 
bisulphate, 542 

and magnesia, 542 
solution, effervescent, 
542 
borate, 542 
bromide, 543 

ointment, 544 
carbolate, 544 

solution, 544 
carbonate, 544 
dried, 544 
injection, 545 
lotion, 545 

mixture with chamo- 
mile, 544 
gentian, 544 
ipecacuanha, 

544 
quassia, 544 
ointment, 545 
pills, 545 

and ipecacuanha, 
545 
rhubarb, 544 
powder, with mercury, 
545 
rhubarb, 545 
solution, 544 

diuretic, 544 
effervescing, 544 
chlorate, 545 

collutory, 546 
gargle, 546 
lotion, 545 
chloride, 546 

bath, with gelatin, 546 
clyster, 546 

and arnica, 546 
fomentation, 546 
mixture with lemon 

juice, 546 
ointment, 546 

compound, 546 
powder, compound, 546 
and cochineal, 546 
chloroplatinate, 444 

injection, 444 
citrate, solution, 547 
citro-tartrate, effervescent, 

540 
hypophosphite, 185 
hyposulphite, 547 
bath, 547 
collutory, 547 
fomentation, 547 
syrup, 547 
iodide, 547 
nitrate, 547 

fomentation, 547 
mixture, 547 
phosphate, 548 
mixture, 548 
powder, compound, 
548 
sulphate, 548 
clyster, 549 
electuary, 548 
emulsion, 549 
lemonade, 549 
lotion, 549 
pills, compound, 548 



Sodium, sulphate, powder, with 
nitre, 548 
opium, 548 
tartar emetic, 548 
soluti'on, compound, 

548 
suppository, 549 
sulphide, 549 

sulphuretted water, 549 
sulphite, lotion, 549 

solution, 549 
sulphocarbolate, 549 
sulphuret, 549 
bath, 550 
liniment, 550 
lotion, 550 

mixture with sal am- 
moniac, 550 
ointment, 550 
tartrate, 550 

effervescing solution, 
550 
valerianate, 550 
Solders, 605 

Solder for brass, copper, and 
iron, 605 
gold, 605 . 
lead, 605 
pewter, 605 
silver, 605 
tin, 605 
zinc, 605 
Soluble glass, 473 

tartar, 457, 477 
Solution, arsenical, 88 
Clemens's, 595 
digestive, 431 
Donovan's, 151 
Fowler's, 454 
Goadby's, 599 
Heinecke's, 540 
Labarraque's, 539 
Mackensie's, 147 
Magendie's, 402 
Pearson's, 540 
Keboulet's, 599 
of acetate ammonium, 124 
barium, 167 
mercury, 331 
morphia, 399 

alcoholic, 399 
strychnia,^ 558 
alum, 117 

odontalgic, 117 
ammonia, 123 
arseniate of ammonium, 
J25 
sodium, 540 
arsenic, 88 

and bromine, 595 

arsenite of potassium, 454 

ammoniated copper, 259 

chloride of copper and 

mercury, 259 

ammonio-tartrate of iron, 

2S6 
atropia, 157 
baryta, 169 

belladonna extract, 171 
bicarbonate of potassium, 

effervescing, 455 
bimeconate of morphia, 399 
bitartrate of potassium, 
456 



Solution, bitartrate of potas- 
sium, compound, 456 
borotartrate of potassium, 

457 
bromide of mercury, ethe- 
real. 332 
potassium, 458 
bromine, 178 

alcoholic, 178 
brucia, 178 

carbonate ofpotassium, 459 
sodium, 544 - 
diuretic, 544 
effervescing, 544 
caustic potassa, 452 
chlorate of potassium, 461 
chloride of arsenic, 150 
barium, 168 
calcium, 184 
gold and sodium, 160 
iron, 283 
chlorinated soda, 539 
diluted, 539 
potassa, 453 
citrate of ammonium, 128 
iron, 285 
magnesium, 382 
potassium, 462 
conia, 246 
corrosive sublimate, 332 

alcoholic, 332 
creasote, alcoholic, 252 
croton oil, saponaceous, 

417 
cyanide of gold, 162 
of mercury, 338 
potassium, 463 
delphinia, 263 
ferrocyanide of zinc, 5SS 
gamboge, alkaline, 306 
hydrargyro-iodide ofpotas- 
sium, 470 
iodide of iron, 290 
potassium, 466 
caustic, 469 
compound, 469 
• zinc, 58S 
iodine, 352 
lac, 367 

lime, saccharated, 186 
magnesia, 380 
malate of iron, 292 
morphia and ipecacuanha, 

398 
muriate of morphia, 400 
myrrh, alkaline, 406 
nitrate of silver, 147 
nitro-saccharate of lead, 

450 
pancreatin, 431 
perchloride of iron, 284 
persesquinitrate of iron, 

292 
persulphate of iron, 295 
phosphate of ammonium, 

129 
potassa, 453 

lithontriptic, 453 
protochloride of iron, 284 
protonitrate of mercury, 

341 
silicate of potassium, 473 
soap, ethereal, 515 
soda, 538 



772 


GENERAL INDEX 


Solution, subacetate of lead, 


Spirit of assafetida, 156 


445 


balm, compound, 392 


subsulphate of iron, 295 


caraway, 207 


sulphate of bebeerina, 1C9 


castor, compound, 212 


cadmium, 181 


chlorated, 105 


iron, 298 


chloroform, 224 


morphia, 402 


cinnamon, 235 


sodium, compound, 


compound, 235 


548 


cloves, 208 


veratria, 582 


ether, 106 


zinc, 591 


horseradish, compound, 148 


sulphuret of potassium, 477 


juniper, compound, 362 J 


tartar emetic, 143 


lavender, 371 


and squill, 143 


compound, 372 


tartrate of iron and potas- 


lemon, 372 


sium, 287 


odoriferous, 374 


potassium and ammo- 


Mindererus, 124 


nium, 464 


muriatic ether, 105 


terchloride of antimony, 


nutmeg, 405 


139 


compound, 405 


tersulphate of iron, 295 


orange, 597 


Soot, 301 


peel, 158 


cataplasm, 302 


peppermint, 393 


collutory, 302 


rosemary, 500 


decoction, 301 


spearmint, 394 


injection, 302 


succinated ammonia, 130 


mixture, 301 


sulphuric ether, 106 


mouth wash, 302 


sweet, of nitre, 552 


oil, 302 


mixture, 552 


ointment, 302 


turpentine, 413 


compound, 302 


vanilla, 580 


pills, 301 


vinegar, aromatic, 87 


tincture, 301 


wormwood, compound, 84 


Southernwood, 151 


Spitta's lozenges, 255 


clyster, 151 


Splints, felt, 605 


infusion, 151 


Sponge, 552 


Spanish flies. (See Cantha- 


burnt, 553 


rides.) 


bolus, 553 


Spearmint, 394 


electuary, 553 


arquebusade water, 394 


powder, 553 


essence, 394 


compound, 553 


infusion, 394 


Sponging, 672 


compound, 394 


Spongio-piline, 674 


spirit, 394 


Spruce beer, 611 


syrup, 394 


Spurge, 276 


water, 394 


Squill, 522 


Species, aromatic, 393 


electuary, 527 


pectoral, 1 14 


emulsion, 526 


with fruit, 114 


extract, 527 


Specific gravity, 31 


acetic, 527 


beads, 35 


fluid, 527 


table, 44 


and rhubarb, 526 


Spermaceti, 217 


honey, 527 


cerate, 217 


ointment, 527 


cold cream, 217 


oxymel, 527 


liniment, 218 


mixture, with ammo- 


lip salve, 218 


niac, 526 


mixture, 217 


ipecacuanha, 


ointment, 217 


526 


and rosewater, 217 


marsh mal- 


sultana, 2 IS 


low, 526 


powder, compound, 217 


valerian, 526 


saccharnted, 217 


pills and ammoniac, 523 


Spice plaster, 594 


calomel, 523 


Spindle tree, 275 


croton oil, 523 


Spirits, 666 


digitalis, 524 


Spirit of acetio ether, 105 


henbane, 524 


allspice:, 4.'!!) 


ipecacuanha, 523 


ammonia, 123 


compound, 524 


aromatic, 123 


powder with calomel, 523 


arid succinic acid, 130 


cream of tartar, 


fetid, 12.5 


623 


angelica, compound, 130 


ipecacuanha, 523 


anise, 137 


nitre, 523 



Squill, powder with sulphur, 523 
compound, 523 
saccharated, 506 
syrup, 527 

aromatic, 527 
compound, 524 
mixture, 526 
tincture, 525 

alkaline, 525 
and elaterium, 525 
benzoin, com- 
pound, 525 
ethereal, 525 
vinegar, 527 

mixture, 526 

and ammonia, 526 
wine, 525 

compound, 525 
bitter, 525 
Stahl's aperient pills, 110 
Star grass, 107 

tincture, 107 
Starch, 135 

clyster, 135 
glycerate, 313 
iodide, 135 
jelly, 135 
lozenges, 135 
mixture, with suet, 135 
mucilage, 135 
powder, compound, 135 
Starkey's soap, 415 
Stavesacre, 554 
decoction, 554 
ointment, 554 

compound, 554 
vinegar, 554 
Sternutatory, of euphorbium, 
276 
of hellebore, 582 
Stevens's saline powder, 461 
Stimulants, 80 
Storax, 559 

ointment, 560 

turpentine, 560 
pills, compound, 559 
purified, 559 
syrup, 560 
Stramonium, 555 

extract of leaves, 555 

seeds, 555 
lotion, 556 
mixture, 556 
oleo-infusion, 557 
ointment, 556 

compound, 556 
pills, seed, 555 

compound, 555 
powder, saccharated, 506 
syrup, 556 

tincture of leaves, 556 
seed, 556 
ethereal, 556 
wine, 556 
Strychnia, 557 
acetate, 558 

solution, 558 
tincture, 558 
collyrium, 558 
elixir of iron and, 558 

pepsin, bismuth, 
558 
quinia, 558 
iodate, 568 



GENERAL INDEX. 



773 



Strychnia liniment, 558 
mixture, 557 
muriate, 559 

solution, 559 
nitrate, 559 

ointment, 559 
ointment, 558 
pills, 557 

stimulant, 557 
phosphate, solution, 559 
powder, compound, 557 
sulphate, 559 

hypodermic injection, 

559 
syrup, 559 
tincture, 557 
Stuping, 673 
Styptic of sulphate of copper, 

261 
Subacetate of copper, 258 

lead, 445 
Subcarbonate of bismuth, 175 

iron, 281 
Subnitrate of bismuth, 175 
Succinate of ammonium, 129 
Succory, 225 
extract, 225 
infusion, 225 
syrup, compound, 225 
Sugar, 505 

barley, 324 
burnt, 505 
milk, 506 
syrup, 505 
vanilla, 580 
vermifuge, 505 
Sulphate of aluminium, 115 
ammonium, 130 
antimony, 142 
atropia, 156 
brucia, 178 
cadmium, 181 
cinchonia, 233 
copper, 260 
indigo, 350 
iron, 297 
magnesium, 383 
manganese, 387 
morphia, 401 
potassium, 473 

and ammonium, 463 
magnesium, 463 
quinia, 485 
sodium, 548 
strychnia, 559 
veratria, 582 
zinc, 590 
Sulpho-cyanide of potassium, 
474 
tartrate of quinia, 488 
Sulphur, 561 
balsam, 563 

ethereal, 563 
terebinthinated, 563 
cerate, 564 
electuary, 562, 563 
compound, 562 
iodide, 565 

ointment, 565 
powder, 565 
linctus, 563 

liniment, with soap, 564 
linseed oil, 563 
liver, 474 



Sulphur mixture, 563 
ointment, 563 

compound, 564 
with camphor, 564 
soap, 564 
zinc, 564 
powder, compound, 562 
with antimony, 562 
camphor, 562 
cream of tartar, 

562 
liquorice, 562 
magnesia, 562 
orris root 562 
precipitated, 561 
sublimed, 561 
washed, 561 
water, 563 
Sulphuret of ammonium, 130 
antimony, 140 
arsenic, 151 
barium, 169 
calcium, 187 
carbon, 564 
iron, 289 
magnesium, 384 
mercury, black, 344 

red, 345 
potassium, 474 
sodium, 549 
tin, 554 
Sulphuretted anthracokali, 205 
hydrogen, 94 
water, artificial, 95 
hydrosulphate of ammonia, 

130 
syrup, 131 
Sulphuric acid, 99, 691 
aromatic, 99 
and alcohol, 99 

nitric ether, 99 
diluted, 99 
lemonade, 99 
liniment, 100 
ointment, 100 
ether, 105 

ethereal oil, 106 
Hoffmann's anodyne, 

106 
lotion, 106 

mixture, with cam- 
phor, 106 
turpentine, 106 
spirit, 106 
syrup, 106 
Sulphurous acid, 100 
mixture, ]00 
Sumach, 496 

extract, fluid, 496 
Sumbul, 565 

tincture, 565, 598 
Suppositories, 73, 679 
Suppository, acetate of lead, 446 
aloes, 111, 114 
anthelmintic, 111, 114 
assafetida, 156 
belladonna, 172 
carbolic acid, 91 
charcoal, 205 
chloride of zinc, 587 
hemlock, 246 
iodoform, 354 
mercurial, 330 
morpLLi, 401, 402 



Suppository, opium, 424 
and lead, 424 
rhubarb, 492 
soap, 515 

sulphate of sodium, 549 
tannin, 101 
Swamp dogwood, 251 

silkweed, 153 
Swediaur's tincture, 428 
Sweet almonds, 131 
clover, 392 

plaster, 392 
fern, 244 
gum, 376 

bark, syrup, 376 
spirit of nitre, 552 

salt, 105 
violet, 584 
Sydenham's laudanum, 426 
Sylvius, salt of, 461 
Syrups, 646 
Syrup, 505 

acetate of morphia, 399 
antimonial wine, 145 
asparagus shoots, 153 
assafetida, 158 
atropia, 157 
balsam of Peru, 165 

tolu, 166 
belladonna, 171 
Gillet's, 171 
biniodide of potassium, 469 
bittersweet, 298 
blackberry, 501 
bloodroot, 510 
brooklime, 170 
bromide of iron, 280 
buckthorn, 490 
capillaire, 104 
cayenne pepper, 202 
chamomile, 139 
chloride of gold and so- 
dium, 160 
compound, 161 
iron, 284 
cinchonia, 233 
cinnamon, 235 
citrate of caffeina, 238 
iron, 285 

and magnesium, 
286 
quinia, 483 
citric acid, 92 
clove pink, 264 
cod-liver oil, 237 
codeia, 237 
coffee, 237 
colchicum, 240 
coltsfoot, 575 
cranesbill, aromatic, 310 
cubebs, alcoholic ethereal 

extract, 257 
cyanide of potassium, 463 
emetina, 271 
ergot, 272 
eucalyptus, 275 
foxglove, 267 
gallic acid, 93 
galls, 305 
garlic, 107 
gentian, 309 

extract, 309 
German chamomile, 390 
ginger, 593 



774 



GENEEAL IXDEX. 



Syrup, ginger, oleoresin, 594 
gold, 160 
gum, 85 

compound, 85 
hive, 524 
horehound, 389 
horseradish, 148 
hydrocyanic acid, 94 
hydrosulphate of ammonia, 

131 
hyposulphite of sodium, 

547 
hyposulphited sulphuret of 

potassium, 474 
Indian sarsaparilla, 322 
iodate of potassium, 465 
iodide and chloride of iron, 
291 
of iron, 290 
manganese, 386 

and iron, 386 
potassium, 466 

and iron, 466 
zinc, 589 
iodo-tannin, 353 
ipecacuanha, 357 

compound, 357 
Jackson's peotoral, 85, 

596 
kino, 364 
lactate of iron, 292 

quinia, 484 
lactucarium, 368, 369 
lemon, 374 
peel, 373 

vinous, 373 
lettuce, 368 
liquorice root, 314, 598 
lobelia, 377 
lupulin, 378 
maidenhair, 104 
manna, 387 



Syrup, marsh mallow, 114 
matico, 390 
milk, 367 
monesia, 397 

compound, 397 
mulberries, 397 
muriate of morphia, 400 
compound, 400 
muriatic acid, 96 
naphthalin, 407 
opium, 423 

succinated, 423 
orange flowers, 159 

peel, 158 
orgeat, 132 
oxide of iron, 294 
paullinia, 434 
pectoral, 432 
Peruvian bark, 232 
vinous, 232 
with iron, 232 
phosphate of iron, 296 

calcium, 187 
phosphates, 296 
pipsissewa, 221 
polygalic acid, 531 
poppy heads, 432 

substitute for, 432 
proto-iodide of iron, 290 
proto-nitrate of iron, 292 
pyrophosphate of iron, 296 
red roses, 499 

poppy, 496 
rhatany, 365 
rhubarb, 493 

and senna, 493 

aromatic, 494 
rue, 502 
saffron, 254 
sarsaparilla, 518 

for mineral water, 519 

compound, 519 



Syrup, sarsaparilla, Gesnouin's, 
520 

Laffecteur's, 519 
seneka, 529 
senna, 534 

and cider, 535 
manna, 534 
rhubarb, 535 

compound aromatic, 
534 
squill, 527 

aromatic, 527 

compound, 527 
storax, 560 
stramonium, 556 
succory, compound, 225 
sulphate of iron, 298 

morphia, 402 

quinia, 487 

and coffee, 487 

strychnia, 559 
sulphuret of magnesium, 
384 

potassium, 475 

compound, 475 
sulphuretted, 131 
sulphuric ether, 106 
sweet gum bark, 376 
tannin, 101 

aromatic, 101 
tar, 442 

tartaric acid, 101 
tartrate of iron, 287 
terebinthinate, 572 
thridace, 368 
uva ursi, 577 
valerian, 578 
vinegar, 86 
violets, 584 
wild-cherry bark, 473 
Willis's, 475 
wormwood, 83 



Table of avoirdupois and troy 
weights, 17, 18 
distilled oils, 662 
drops and minims, 29 
foreign weights, 23 
hydrometrical equivalents, 

40 
incompatible?, 612 
liquid measure, 26, 27 
metrical and troy weights, 

26 
pharmaceutical names, 025 
poisons and antidotes, 703 
posological, 617 
of pp. grs. and Baumo's 
hydrometer, 38, 39 
of preparations, 44 
troy and metrical weights, 
25 
Taffeta cantharidalia, 201 
Tamarinds, 567 
electuary, 568 
infusion, 508 
pulp, 568 
whey, 508 



Tannate of bismuth, 176 
iron, 298 
lead, 450 
quinia, 488 
Tannic acid, 100 

gargle, 101 
glycerite, 100 
inhalation, 101 
injection, 101 
mixture, 101 
ointment, 101 
pills, 100 

and opium, 100 
suppositories, 101 
Syrup, 101 

aromatic, 101 
troches, 100 
Tansy, 568 

extract, 568 
infusion, 568 
oil, 568 
pills, 568 

powder, compound, 568 
tincture, compound, 568 
Tapioca, 508 



Tapioca jelly, 569 
pudding, 569 
Tar, 442 

beer, 442 
glycerite, 442 
ointment, 443 

compound, 443 
pills, 442 
syrup, 442 
water, 442 
wine, 442 
Tartaric acid, 101, 691 

effervescing powders, 

102 
lemonade, 101 
lozenges, 101 
syrup, 101 
Tartar emetic, 142 
bolus, 143 
clyster, 144 
emulsion, 143 
liniment with ammo- 
nia, 144 
lotion, 144 

and camphor, 144 



GENERAL I^DBX. 



rfO 



Tartar emetic lotion and corro- 
sive sublimate, 144 
ointment, 144 

compound, 144 
pills and camphor, 143 
guaiacum, 143 
opium, 143 
plaster, 144 
powder, 142 

and ipecacuanha, 
143 
phosphate of 
calcium, 431 
quinia, 143 
compound, 142 
solution, 143 

and squill, 143 
wine, 144 

collyrium, 144 
mixture, with am- 
moniac, 145 
bittersweet, 

145 
laudanum, 145 
syrup, 145 
Tartarized soda, 464 
Tartrate of antimony and po- 
tassium, 142 
iron and potassium, 286 
magnesium, 384 
mercury and potassium, 

346 _ 
morphia, 402 
potassium, 477 

and ammonium, 464 
quinia, 488 

sodium and potassium, 464 
Tea, balm, 392 
beef, 608 
bran, 609 
mutton, 608 
veal, 608 
worm, 504, 551 
Temperature of sick room, 60 
Temperatures in pharmaceuti- 
cal operations, 39 
Tepid and temperate baths, 668 
Terebinthinated ether, 106 
Theden's vulnerary, 99 
Thermometrical scales, 46 
Thieves' vinegar, 87 
Thorn apple, 555 
Thridace, 368 
Thus, 441 
Tin, 553, 699 

solder for, 605 
chloride, 553 
lotion, 553 
electuary, 553 
ointment, 553 
oxide, 553 
powder, 553 
sulphur et, 554 

powder, compound, 554 
Tinctures, 648 

Tincture, acetate of iron, 279 
alcoholic, 279 
ethereal, 279 
potassium, 454 
strychnia, 558 
zinc, 586 
aconite leaves, 103 
root, 103 
Fleming's, 595 



Tincture, aloes, 113 

ethereal, 113 

and myrrh, 113 
allspice, 439 
amber, 561 

alkaline, 56 1 

ethereal, 561 
American centaury, 504 

columbo, 301 

hellebore, 583 
ammonia, compound, 122 
angelica, 136 

compound, 136 
angustura, 137 
anise, 138 
anticrid, 319, 333 
arnica, 150 
aromatic, 235 
assafetida, 155 

alkaline, 155 

and castor, 156 
soot, 156 

ethereal, 155 
atropia, 157 
balsam of Peru, 165 

tolu, 165 

compound, 166 
with foxglove, 
166 
belladonna, 172 

Blackett's, 595 

ethereal, 172 
benzoin, 174 

compound, 174 
Bestucheffe's, 284 
black hellebore, 322 

snakeroot, 226 
bloodroot, 510 

compound, 510 
broom, 528 
brucia, 178 
buchu, 179 
Calabar bean, 438 
calamus, 182 

compound, 183 
camphor, compound, 427 

ethereal, 193 

with saffron, 193 
cantharides, 198 

and guaiacum, 198 

camphorated, 198 
ethereal, 199 

compound, 198 

ethereal, 198 
carbonate of potassium, 459 

compound, 460 
cardamom, 206 

compound, 206 
cascarilla, 209 

concentrated, 209 
castor, 211 

ammoniated, 211 

compound, 212 

ethereal, 211 
catechu, 214 
Cayenne pepper, 203 

and cantharides, 

203 
concentrated, 203 
cevadilla, 503 
chinoidin, 482 
chiretta, 221 
chloride of gold, 160 

iron, 284 



Tincture, chloride of iron, ethe- 
real, 284 

zinc, ethereal, 587 
chloroform, compound, 224 
cinchcnia, 233 
cinnamon, 234 

compound, 235 

ethereal, 235 
citrate of iron, 285 
cloves, 208 
cochineal, 236 

compound, 597 
colchicum flowers, 239 

seed, 239 

compound, 239 

ethereal, 239 

and digitalis, 241 
colocynth, 243 
columbo, 191 

concentrated, 191 
contrayerva, 247 

compound, 247 
copaiba, 249 

alkaline, 249 

compound, 249 
coriander, 250 
croton oil, 416 
cubebs, 256 

ethereal, 256 
cyanide mercury, com* 

pound, 338 
Dippel's oil, 409 
elaterin, 270 
ergot, .272 

ethereal, 272 
eucalyptus, 275 
euphorbium, 277 
foxglove, 266 

ethereal, 266 
galbanum, 303 

compound, 303 
galls, 305 
gamboge, alkaline, 307 

ammoniacal, 307 
gentian, 310 

acidulated, 310 

alkaline, 310 

ammoniacal, 310 

compound, 310 
ginger, 594 

strong, 593 
goldthread, 250 
guaiacum, 318 

ammoniated, 319 

Dewees's, 319 
hemlock, 245 

ethereal, 245 
hemp, 196 
henbane, 348 

ethereal, 348 
hiera picra, 196 
hops, 325 

alkaline, 325 
horse balm, 242 
horseradish, compound, 148 
Huxham's, 230 
hydrar-gyro-iodide of po- 
tassium, 470 
ignatia, 349 

alkaline, 350 
iodide of iron, 290 
iodine, 351 

compound, 351 

decolorized, 351 



776 



GENERAL INDEX 



Tincture, iodine, ethereal, 351 
saturated, 351 

ipecacuanha, 358 

jalap, 361 

compound, 361 

Jamaica dogwood, 440 

kino, 364 

lactucarium, 369 

larkspur seeds, 263 

lavender, compound, 372 
ethereal, 372 

lemon-peel, 373 

lettuce, aromatic, 369 

lobelia, 377 

ethereal, 377 

lupulin, 378 

mace, 379 

magnolia, 384 

malate of iron, 292 

mastich, ethereal, 389 

matico, 390 

monesia, 397 

musk, 403 

artificial, 560 

mustard oil, 538 

myrrh, 406 

and hellebore, 406 

Norwood's, 583 

nux vomica, 408 
compound, 408 
ethereal, 408 

opium, 426 

acetated, 425 
ammoniated, 427 
and capsicum, 427 
saffron, 426 
soap, 428 
Bateman's, 427 
benzoated, 427 
camphorated, 427 
compound, 427 
extract, 427 
Smith's, 427 
succinated, 428 
Swediaur's, 428 
Warner's, 428 

opoponax, 429 

compound, 429 

orange berries, compound, 
158 

orange-peel, 157 

pareira brava, 433 

pellitory, 479 

compound, 479 

Peruvian bark, 230 

ammoniated, 231 
and cantharides, 
231 
gentian, 231 
quassia, 480 
valerian, 231 
compound, 230 

phosphoric, of myrrh, 99 

phosphorus, 437 

piperina, 440 

poison oak, 574 

poke, 438 

protochloride of iron, 284 

quaBBia, 480 

and cinchona, 480 
compound, 480 

quinia, 481 



Tincture, quinia, impure, 482 
red iodide mercury, 339 

ethereal, 339 
rhatany, 366 
rhubarb, 494 

and aloes, 494 
anise, 494 
gentian, 494 
orange-peel, 494 
senna, 494 
alkaline, 495 
sweet, 495 
rosemary, 500 
roses, 499 
rue, 502 
saffron, 254 

compound, 254 
sassafras, 520 

compound, 520 
savine, 505 

compound, 505 
seneka, 529 
6enna and jalap, 532 
gentian, 532 
compound, 532 
skunk cabbage root, 268 

seed, 268 
snakeroot, black, 226 
Virginia, 535 

and balsam Peru, 
536 
soap, alkaline, 514 

camphorated, 513 
soot, 301 
squill, 525 

alkaline, 525 
and benzoin, 525 

elaterium, 525 
ethereal, 525 
stargrass, 107 
stramonium, ethereal, 556 
leaves, 556 
seed, 556 
strychnia, 557 
sulphate of quinia, 487 
compound, 487 
sulphuret of potassium, 475 
sumbul, 565 
tansy, compound, 568 
tartrate of iron, compound, 

287 
tobacco, 566 
tolu, 116 

tulip-tree bark, 376 
valerian, 578 

ammoniated, 578 
compound, 578 
with castor, 578 
compound, 579 
ethereal, 578 
and Hoffmann's ano- 
dyne, 579 
vanilla, 580 
veratria, 581 
white hellebore, 582 
Winter's bark, 584 
wormwood, 83 

alkaline, 83 
yellow jasmine, 307 
Toast war or, 009 
Tobacco, 006 



Tobacco, cataplasm, 567 
extract, 566 
infusion, 567 
lotion, 567 
mixture, 567 
nicotina, 567 
oil, 567 
ointment, 567 
oleo -infusion, 567 
pills, 566 

powder, compound, 566 
tincture, 566 
wine, 566 
Tolu, balsam of, 165 
emulsion, 166 
inhalation, 167 
lozenges, 166 
mixture, 167 

and belladonna, 166 
almond emulsion, 

167 
copaiba, 167 
morphia, 166 
opium, 167 
powder, saccharated, 

506 
syrup, 166 
tincture, 166 

compound, 166 
and foxglove, 166 
Tonics, 80 

Tonquin powder, 402 
Tormentil, 573 
decoction, 573 
extract, 573 
gargle, 573 

powder, compound, 573 
Tous les mois, 607 
Tracing paper, 605 
Tragacanth, 574 
mucilage, 574 
paste, 574 

powder, compound, 574 
Troches, 666. (See Lozenges.) 
Tronchin's lozenges, 84, 141 
Troy weight, 3 7 
Tulip-tree bark, 376 

infusion, 376 
tincture, 376 
Turlington's balsam, 174 
Turmeric, 262 
Turner's cerate, 182 
Turpentine, 571 
clyster, 571 
electuary, 571 
liniment, 571 
mixture, 572 
oil, 413 
ointment, 572 

compound, 572 
pills, 571 

with guaiacuro, 571 
jalap, 571 
magnesia, 571 
myrrh, 571 
rhubarb, 571 
plaster, 572 

compound, 572 
syrup, terebinthinate, 572 
Tutty ointment, 590 
Twaddle's hydrometer, 35 



GENERAL INDEX. 



777 



u 



Utiguentum populeum, 348 
Unparalleled water, 375 
Urinometer, 38 
Uva ursij 576 



Uva ursi, decoction, 576 
extract, 576 

fluid, 577 
mixture, 577 



Uva ursi, powder, compound, 
576 
syrup, 577 



Valerian, 577 

bolus, with iron, 577 

sulphate of potassium, 
577 
electuary, 578 
extract, 579 

fluid, 579 
infusion, 578 

compound, 578 
mixture, with ammonia, 
579 
Hoffmann's anodyne, 
579 
oil, 579 

with ammonia. 579 
pills, compound, 578 
powder, compound, 577 
syrup, 578 
tincture, 578 

ammoniated, 578 
castor, 578 
compound, 578 
compound, 579 
ethereal, 578 
with Hoffmann's ano- 
dyne, 579 
water, distilled, 578 
wine, 579 
Valerianate of ammonium, 131 
* bismuth, 176 
iron, 299 
quinia, 488 
sodium, 550 
zinc, 592 
Valerianic acid, 102 

artificial, 102 
Vallet's mass, 281 
Vanilla, 580 

arrowroot, 580 
essence, 580 
extract, fluid, 580 
lozenges, 580 



: Vanilla, milk, 580 

powder, saccharated, 506 

spirit, 580 

sugar, 580 

tincture, 580 
Vapor bath, 670 
Varnishes, 605 
Varnish, amber, 606 

copal, 606 

crystal, 389 

furniture, 606 

Japan, 606 

lac, 606 



aqueous 
leather, 605 



606 



metal, 605 
picture, 389 
Veal tea, 608 
Vegetable broth, 607 
Velpeau's collyrium, 335 
Venesection, 682 
Ventilation of sick room, 60 
Veratria, 580 

glycerite, 581 
liniment, 581 

compound, 581 
lotion, 581 
muriate, 582 
nitrate, 582 
ointment, 581 

with iodine, 582 
morphia, 582 
opium, 581 
pills, 581 

with henbane, 581 
sulphate, 582 

solution, 582 
tincture, 581 
Verdigris, 258 
Vermifuge sugar, 505 
Vesicatories, 676 
Vinegar, 85 



Vinegar, cataplasm, 86 

distilled, 86 

gargle, 86 

mixture, 85 

and cardamom, 86 

syrup, 86 

wash, 86 

whey, 366 

aromatic, 87 
spirit, 87 

bloodroot, 510 

borax, 543 

camphorated, 87 

cantharides, 198 

carbolic acid, 91 

Cayenne pepper, 203 

cinnamon, compound, 234 

coffee, 237 

colchicum root, 239 
seed, 240 

elder flowers, 509 

four thieves, 87 

foxglove, 266 

lobelia, 377 

opium, 425 

prophylactic, 87 

rosemary, aromatic, 499 

roses, compound, 499 

sage, 509 

squill, 527 

stavesacre, 554 
Vinegars, 654 
Violet, 584 

conserve, 584 

honey, 584 

oil, 584 

syrup, 584 
Virginia snakeroot, 535 
Vocabulary of words used in 

prescriptions, 48 
Volatile oil, 659 
Vulnerary, Theden's, 99 



w 



Wakaka, ISO 
Walnut, white, 361 
Ward's essence, 194 

paste, 439 
Warm bath, 668 
Warner's cordial, 494 

tincture, 428 
Wash, black, 341 

cosmetic, 174, 543 



Wash, detergent, 116 

ophthalmic, 258 

red iodide of mercury, 339 

sal ammoniac, 128 

vinegar, 86 

yellow, 342 
Water, allspice, 4S9 

ammonia, 121 

anemone, 136 



Water, angelica, 136 
anise, 138 
anti-hysteric, 393 
apple, 609 
aromatic, 508 
arquebusa<ie, 394 
arrowroot, 388 
assafetida, compound, 155 
avens, 311 



778 



GENERAL INDEX 



Water, balm, 392 

Bareges, artificial, 549 
barley, with nitrate po- 
tassium, 325 
bitter almonds, 133, 134 
brooklime, 169 
campbor, 192 

and laudanum, 192 
nitric acid, 192 
Hoffmann's ano- 
dyne, 192 
caraway, 207 
carbolic acid, 91 
cephalic, 508 
chalybeate, artificial, 282 
cherry, 134 
cherry-laurel, 370 
chicken, 608 
chlorine, 222 
chloroform, 224 
cinnamon, 235 

vinous, 235 
citrate of magnesium, 382 
clove, 208 
Cologne, 374 

coriander, compound, 250 
creasote, 253 
distilled, 656 
diuretic, 134 
elder flower, 509 
fennel, 300 

German chamomile, 391 
Goulard's vegeto-mineral, 

445 
honey, 391 
Hungary, 500 
Husson's, 239, 241 
ioduretted, 468 
lavender, 371 
lead, 445 

lemon-peel, 373, 609 
lettuce, 369 
lime, 185 

and carbonate of po- 
tassium, 186 
milk, 186 

compound, 186 
linden, 573 
medicated, 595, 656 

extemporaneous pre- 
parations, 595 
opium, 424 
orange-flower, 159 
oriental, 459 
partridge-berry, 307 
peppermint, 393 
rice, 430 
rose, 497 
sage, 508 

concentrated, 508 
Saint-Sauveur artificial, 

549 
sedative, Raspail's, 194 
Seidlitz, artificial, 541 
Belter's (Seltzer) artificial, 

541 
eonchy, 609 
spearmint, 394 
sulphur, 568 

sulphuret of potassium, 475 
sulphuretted, artificial, 95, 

649 
tar, 442 
toabt, 609 



Water, unparalleled, 375 
Vichy, artificial, 541 
Wax, 216 

bottle, 605 
cerate, 216 
cloth, 216 
Galen's, 216 
ointment, 216 
plaster, 216 
rose lip-salve, 216 
sealing, 604 
Wedell's elixir, 525 
Weights and measures, 17 
apothecaries', 20 
avoirdupois, 17 
Dublin, 20 
foreign, 21 
French, 21 
metrical, 21 

relation to troy 
weights, 26 
troy, 17 

relation to metrical 

weights, 25 
value in grammes, 25 
Wendt's mixture, 85 
Whey, 366 
alum, 366 

aromatic, 366 
cream of tartar, 366 
mustard, 366 
tamarind, 366 
tartarized soda, 464 
vinegar, 366 
wine, 366 
White avens, 311 
hellebore, 582 

cephalic snuff, 582 
decoction, 582 
ointment, 583 

compound, 583 
powder, 582 
tincture, 582 
wine, 582 
lead, 447 
precipitate, 331 

ointment, 331 
walnut, 361 
White's pills, 336 
Whytt's pills, 110 
Wild cherry bark, 478 

fluid extract, 479 
infusion, 478 
syrup, 478 
ginger, 152 

infusion, 152 
indigo, 167 
ipecacuanha, 276 

powder, compound. 276 
lettuce, 368 
potato, 247 
Wilkinson's liniment, 130 
Willis's syrup, 475 
Willow bark, 507 

decoction, 508 
dentifrice, 508 
extract, 508 
ointment, 508 
powder, comp. , 508 
Wine of aconite, compound, LOS 
aloes, I 12 

alkaline, 112 
balsamic, 1 12 
American hellebore, 583 



Wine of beef and iron, 285 
black hellebore, 322 
blessed thistle, 215 
bryony, 179 
camphor, 193 
cascarilla, compound, 210 
centaury, compound, 215 
cinchonia, 233 
cinnamon, 234 

compound, 234 
citrate of iron, 285 

aromatic, 285 
cloves, 208 
colchicum root, 239 

seed, 239 

compound, 240 
diuretic, 415 
dogwood, round-leaved, 

252 
ergot, 272 
foxglove, 266 
gentian, 309 

compound, 309 
hedge hyssop, 317 
horseradish, 149 
iodide of iron, 290 
ipecacuanha, 358 

alkaline, 358 

and tartar emetic, 358 

compound, 358 
iron, 279, 283 

aromatic, 285 

bitter, 287, 598 

sweet, 285 
oil of turpentine, 415 
opium, 426 

Sydenham's, 426 
pepsin, 434 
Peruvian bark, 232 

and iron, 232 
persimmons, 268 
quassia, 480 
quinia, 487 

aromatic, 487 
rennet, 435 
rhubarb, 495 

and gentian, 495 

compound, 495 
roses, 499 

senna, compound, 532 
squill, 525 

bitter, 525 

compound, 525 
stramonium, 556 
sulphate of quinia, 487 

aromatic, 487 
tar, 442 
tartrate of iron, 287 

compound, 287 
tobacco, 566 
valerian, 579 
Virginia snakeroot, 536 
white hellebore, 582 
wormwood, 84 
yellow ladies' bedstraw, 
304 
Wine, antimonial, 144 
diuretic, 415 
measure, 26 
mulled, 610 
whey, 363 
Wines, 654 
Winter's bark, 584 

tincture, 584 



GENERAL INDEX, 



779 



Wistar's cough lozenges, 313 
Witch hazel, 321 
Wolfsbane, 149 
Wood sorrel, 85 

extract, 85 
Wormseed, 220 

decoction, 220 

oil, 220 



Wormseed oil, mixture, 220 
Worm tea, 504, 551 
Wormwood, 83 

clyster, 83 

essential oil, 84 

extract, 83 

infusion, 83 

oil, 84 



Wormwood, ratafia, 84 

spirit, compound, 84 

syrup, 83 

tincture, 83 

alkaline, 83 

wine, 84 
Wright's pills, 328 



Yarrow, 86 

extract, 86 

mixture, 86 
Yeast, beer, 277 
Yellow jasmine, 307 

extract, fluid, 307 



Yellow jasmine tincture, 307 
ladies' bedstraw, 304 
infusion, 304 
wine, 304 
root, 346, 585 
extract, 585 



Yellow root, extract, fluid, 346 
infusion, 585 
oxide of mercury, 342 
sulphate of mercury, 344 
wash, 342 

Yves ophthalmic ointment, 343 



Zanetti's hydrometer, 35 
Zinc, 703 

solder for, 605 
acetate, 5S5 

collyrium, 585 

injection, 586 
lead, 586 

lotion, 586 

tincture, 586 
carbonate, 586 

cerate, 586 

plaster, 586 

precipitated, 586 
chloride, 586 

disinfectant, 587 

injection, 587, 598 

lotion, 587 

paste, Canquoin's, 587 

solution, 586 

suppository, 587 

tincture, ethereal, 587 
cyanide, 587 

pills, 588 

powder, 587 
ferrocyanide, 588 

mixture, 588 



Zinc, ferrocyanide, pills, com- 
pound, 588 
powder, 588 
solution, 588 
iodide, 588 

collyrium, 588 
ointment, 588 
solution, 588 

concentrated, 588 
syrup, 589 
lactate, 589 
nitrate, 589 

paste, 589 
oxide, 589 

cerate, with lycopo- 

dium, 590 
lotion, 590 
ointment, 590 

with calomel, 590 

opium, 590 
tutty, 590 
pills, 590 . 

compound, 590 
powder, 589 

compound, 589 
dusting, 590 



Zinc, oxide, powder, with co- 
lumbo, 589 
sulphate, 590 

collyrium, 591 

with camphor, 591 
fomentation, 591 
gargle, 591 
injection, 592 
lotion, 592 

white caustic, 591 
mixture, 592 
pills, 590 

compound, 591 
with turpentine, 
591 
myrrh, 591 
plaster, 591 
solution, 591 

alkaline, 591 
sulpho-carbolate, 592 
solution, 592 
collodion, 592 
valerianate, 592 
mixture, 592 
pills, 592 
Zittmann'.s decoction, 517 



THE END. 



(LATE LEA & BLANCHARD'S) 



MEDICAL AND SURGICAL PUBLICATIONS. 



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therefore in most cases find it more convenient to deal with the nearest bookseller. 

An Illustrated Catalogue, of 64 octavo pages, handsomely printed, will be for- 
warded by mail, postpaid, on receipt of ten cents. 

HENRY 0. LEA. 

Nos. 706 and 708 Sansom St., Philadelphia, December, 1873. 



ADDITIONAL INDUCEMENT FOR SUBSCRIBERS TO 

THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES. 






THEEE MEDICAL JOURNALS, containing over 2000 LARGE PAGES, 

Free of Postage, for SIX D0LLAKS Per Annum. 



in advance. 



TEEMS FOR 1874: 
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, and 1 Five Dollars per annum, 
The Medical News and Library, both free of postage, J in advance. 

OR 

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, published quar- ] q . n .. 

terly (1150 pages per annum), with ' | &lx JJollars 

The Medical News and Library, monthly (384 pp. per annum), and } per annum-* 
The Half-Yearly Abstract of the Medical Sciences, published 

Feb. and August (600 pages per annum), all free of postage. 

SEPARATE SJIBSCItlPTIONS TO 

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, subject to postage when not paid: 

for in advance, Five Dollars. 
The Medical News and Library, free of postage, in advance, One Dollar. 
The Half-Yearly Abstract, Two Dollars and a Half per annum in advance. Single 

numbers One Dollar and a Half. 

It is manifest that only a very wide circulation can enable so vast an amount of 
valuable practical matter to be supplied at a price so unprecedentedly low. The pub- 
lisher, therefore, has much gratification in stating that the rapid and steady increase 
in the subscription list promises to render the enterprise a permanent one, and it is 
with especial pleasure that he acknowledges the valuable assistance spontaneously 
rendered by so many of the old subscribers to the "Journal," who have kindly made 
known among their friends the advantages thus offered and have induced them to 
subscribe. Relying upon a continuance of these friendly exertions, he hopes to be 
able to maintain the unexampled rates at which these works are now supplied, and to 



(For "The American Chemist, " see p. 11.) 
(For " Thb Obstetrical Journal," see p. 22 ) 



2 Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Am. Journ. Med. Sciences). 

succeed in his endeavor to place upon the table of every reading practitioner in the 
United States a monthly, a quarterly, and a half-yearly periodical at the comparatively 
trifling cost of Six Dollars per annum. 

These periodicals are universally known for their high professional standing in their 
several spheres. 

THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES, 

Edited by ISAAC HAYS, M. D., 

is published Quarterly, on the first of January, April, July, and October. Each 
number contains nearly three hundred large octavo pages, appropriately illustrated, 
wherever necessary. It has now been issued regularly for nearly fifty years, during 
almost the whole of which time it has been under the control of the present editor. 
Throughout this long period, it has maintained its position in the highest rank of 
medical periodicals both at home and abroad, and has received the cordial support of 
the entire profession in this country. Among its Collaborators will be found a large 
number of the most distinguished names of the profession in every section of the 
United States, rendering the department devoted to 

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS 
full of varied and important matter, of great interest to all practitioners. Thus, during 
1873, articles have appeared in its pages from nearly one hundred gentlemen of the 
highest standing in the profession throughout the United States.* 

Following this is the "Review Department," containing extended and impartial 
reviews of all important new works, together with numerous [elaborate "Analytical 
and Bibliographical Notices" of nearly all the medical publications of the day. 

This is followed by the "Quarterly Summary of Improvements and Discoveries 
£n the Medical Sciences," classified and arranged under different heads, presenting 
a very complete digefct of all that is new and interesting to the physician, abroad as 
well as at home. 

Thus, during the year 1873, the "Journal" furnished to its subscribers Seventy-seven 
Original Communications, One Hundred and Twenty-five Reviews and Bibliograph- 
ical Notices, and Two Hundred and Ninety-four articles in the Quarterly Summaries, 
making a total of about Five Hundred articles emanating from the best profes 
sional minds in America and Europe. 

That the efforts thus made to maintain the high reputation of the " Journal" are 
successful, is shown by the position accorded to it in both America and Europe as a 
national exponent of medical progress : — 

Dr. Hays keeps his great American Quarterly, in j reputation in every country where medicine is cnl- 
which he is now assisted by Dr. Minis Hays, at the l tivated as a science.— Brit, and For. Med.-Chirurg. 



head of his country's medical periodicals. — Dublin 
Medical Press and Circular, March S, 1871. 

Qf English periodicals the Lancet, and of American 
the Am. Journal of the Medicdl Sciences, are to be 
regarded as necessities to the reading practitioner. — 
X Y. Medical Gazette, Jan. 7, 1S71. 

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 
yields to none ia the amount of original and borrowed 
matter it contains, and has established for itself a 



Review, April, 1871. 

This, if not the best, is one of the best-conducted 
medical quarterlies in the English language, and the 
present uuiuberis not by«any means inferior to its 
predecessors. — London Lancet, Aug. 23, 1876. 

Almost the only one that circulates everywhere, 
all over the Union and in Europe. — London Medical 
Times, Sept. 5, 1868. 



And by the fact, that it was specifically included in the award of a medal of merit to 
the publisher at the Vienna Exhibition in 1873. 

The subscription price of the "American Journal of the Medical Sciences" has 
never been raised, during its long career. It is still Five Dollars per annum ; and 
when paid for in advance, the subscriber receives in addition the "Medical News and 
Library," making in all about 1500 large octavo pages per annum, free of postage. 

II. 

THE MEDICAL NEWS AND LIBRARY 

is a monthly periodical of Thirty-two large octavo pages, making 384 pages per 
tt..nui!i. Its "News Department" presents the current information of the day, with 
.il Lectures and Hospital Gleanings; while the " Library Department" is de- 
voted to publishing standard works on the various branches of medical science, paged 

:i ,, bo that they can be removed and bound on completion. In this manner | 
subscribers have received, without expense, such works as " Watson's .Practice," 
"Todd and Bowman's Physiology/' "West, on Children," "Malgaione's Surgery," 
&C. <^e. In July, 187;}. was commenced 1 ho publication of Dr. Wilson Fox's valu- 

* Commanioatl ..us are invito from gentlemen in aJl parts of the conntvy. Elaborate articles Inserted 
by the Editor arc paid for by the Publisher. 



Henry C. Lea's Publications — {Am. Journ. Med. Sciences). 3 

able work " On the Diseases of the Stomach" (see p. 16). New subscribers, commenc- 
ing- with 1874. can obtain the portion printed in 1873 by a remittance of 50 cents, if 
promptly made. 

As stated above, the subscription price of the "Medical News and Library" is 
One Dollar per annum in advance ; and it is furnished without charge to all advance 
paying subscribers to the "American Journal of the Medical Sciences." 

III. 

THE HALF-YEARLY ABSTRACT OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES 

is issued in half-yearly volumes, which will be delivered to subscribers about the first 
of February, and first of August. Each volume contains about 300 closely printed 
o pages, making about six hundred pages per annum. 
"Banking's Abstract" has now been published in England regularly for more than 
twenty years, and has acquired the highest reputation for the ability and industry 
with which the essence of medical literature is condensed into its pages. It pur- 
ports to be U A Digest of British and Continental Medicine, and of the Progress of 
jlrdicine and the Collateral Sciences" and it is even more than this, for America is 
largely represented in its pages. It draws its material not only from all the leading 
American, British, and Continental journals, but also from the medical works and 
Treatises issued during the preceding six months, thus giving a complete digest of 
medical progress. Each article is carefully condensed, so as to present its substance 
in the smallest possible compass, thus affording space for the very large amount of infor- 
mation laid before its readers. The volumes of 1872, for instance, have contained 

SIXTT-ONE ARTICLES ON GENERAL QUESTIONS IN MEDICINE. 

ONE HUNDRED ARTICLES ON SPECIAL QUESTIONS IN MEDICINE. 

TWENTY-NINE ARTICLES ON FORENSIC MEDICINE. 

SEVENTY- ONE ARTICLES ON THERAPEUTICS. 

THIRTY-SIX ARTICLES ON GENERAL QUESTIONS IN SURGERY. 

ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY SIX ARTICLES ON SPECIAL QUESTIONS IN SURGERY 

ONE HUNDRED AND FIVE ARTICLES ON OBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGY, &c. 

TEN ARTICLES IN APPENDIX. 

Making in all about five hundred and fifty articles in a single year. Each volume, 
moreover, is systematically arranged, with an elaborate Table of Contents and a very 
full Index, thus facilitating the researches of the reader in pursuit of particular sub- 
jects, and enabling him to refer without loss of time to the vast amount of information 
contained in its pages. 

The subscription price of the "Abstract," mailed free of postage, is Two 
Dollars and a Half per annum, payable in advance. Single volumes, $1 50 each. 

As stated above, however, it will be supplied in conjunction with the "American 
Journal of the Medical Sciences" and the "Medical News and Library," the 
whole free of postage, for Six Dollars per annum in advance. 

For this small sum the subscriber will therefore receive three periodicals costino- 
separately Eight Dollars and a Half, each of them enjoying the highest reputation in 
its class, containing in all over two thousand pages of the choicest reading, and pre- 
senting a complete view of medical progress throughout both hemispheres. 

In this effort to bring so large an amount of practical information within the reach 

' of every member of the profession, the publisher confidently anticipates the friendly 

! aid of all who are interested in the dissemination of sound medical literature. He 

trusts, especially, that the subscribers to the "American Medical Journal" will call 

: the attention of their acquaintances to the advantages thus offered, and that he will. 

be sustained in the endeavor to permanently establish medical periodical literature on> 

a footing of cheapness never heretofore attempted. 

PREMIUM FOR XEW SUBSCRIBERS, 
Any gentleman who will remit the amount for two subscriptions for 1874, one of 
which must be for a new subscriber, will receive as a premium, free by mail, a copy of" 
Sturges' Clinical Medicine (for advertisement of which see p. 14), or of the new edi-- 
tion of Swayne's Obstetric Aphorisms (see p. 24), or of Tanner's Clinical Manual 
' (see p. 5), or of Chambers' Restorative Medicine (see p. 15), or of West on Nerv- 
ous Disorders of Children (see p. 21). 

* # * Gentlemen desiring to avail themselves of the advantages thus offered will do 
well to forward their subscriptions at an early day, in order to insure the receipt of? 
complete sets for the year 1874, as the constant increase in the subscription list almost 
always exhausts the quantity printed shortly after publication. 

£§1° The safest mode of remittance is by bank check or postal money order, drawn 
to the order of the undersigned. Where these are not accessible, remittances for the 
" Journal" may be made at the risk of the publisher, by forwarding in registered 
letters. Address, 

HENRY C. LEA, 
No8. 706 and 708 Sansom St., Philadelphia, Pa. 



Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Dictionaries). 



J)ONGLltiON [ROBLEY], M.D., 

Professor of Institutes of Medicine in Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. 

MEDICAL LEXICON; A Dictionary of Medical Science: Con- 
taining a concise explanation of the various Subjects and Terms of Anatomy, Physiology, 
Pathology, Hygiene, Therapeutics, Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Surgery, Obstetrics, Medical 
Jurisprudence, and Dentistry. Notices of Climate and of Mineral Waters; Formulae for 
Officinal, Empirical, and Dietetic Preparations; with the Accentuation and Etymology of 
the Terms, and the French and other Synonymes ; so as to constitute a French as well as 
English Medical Lexicon. A New Edition. Thoroughly Revised, and very greatly Mod- 
ified and Augmented By Richard J. Dunglison, M.D. In one very large and hand- 
some royal octavo volume of over 1100 pages. (Nearly Ready.) 

The object of the author from the outset has not been to make the work a mere lexicon or 
dictionary of terms, but to afford, under each, a condensed view of its various medical relatione, 
and thus to render the work an epitome of the existing condition of medical science. Starting 
with this view, the immense demand which has existed for the work has enabled him, in repeated 
revisions, to augment its completeness and usefulness, until at length it has attained the position 
of a recognized and standard authority wherever the language is spoken. 

Special pains have been taken in the preparation of the present edition to maintain this en- 
viable reputation. During the ten years which have elapsed since the last revision, the additions 
to the nomenalature of the medical sciences have been greater than perhaps in any similar period 
of the past, and up to the time of his death the author labored assiduously to incorporate every- 
thing requiring the attention of the student or practitioner. Since then, the editor has been 
equally industrious, so that the additions to the vocabulary are more numerous than in any pre- 
vious revision. Especial attention has been bestowed on the accentuation, which will be found 
marked on every word. The typographical arrangement has been much improved, rendering 
reference much more easy, and every care has been taken with the mechanical execution. The 
work has been printed on new type, small but exceedingly clear, with an enlarged page, so that 
the additions have been incorporated with an increase of but little over a hundred pages, and 
the volume now contains the matter of at least four ordinary octavos. 



It would be a work of supererogation to bestow a 
word of praise upon this Lexicon. We can only 
wonder at the labor expended, for whenever we refer 
to its pages for information we are seldom disap- 
pointed in finding all we desire, whether it be in ac- 
centuation, etymology, or definition of terms. — New 
York Medical Journal ', November, 1865. i 

It would be mere waste of words in us to express 
,iur admiration of a work which is so universally 
and deservedly appreciated. The most admirable 
work of its kind in the English language. As a book 
of reference it is invaluable to the medical practi- 
tioner, and in every instance that we have turned 
over its pages for information we have been charmed 
by the clearness of language and the accuracy of 
detail with which each abounds. We can most cor- 
dially and confidently commend it to our readers. — 
Olasgov) Medical Journal, January, 1866. 

A work to which there is no equal in the English 
language. — Edinburgh Medical Journal. 

It is something more thmx a dictionary, and some- 
thing less than an encyclopaedia. This edition of the 
well-known work is a great improvement on its pre- 
decessors. The book is one of the very few of which 
it may be said with truth that every medical man 
should possess it.— London Medical Times, Aug. 26, 
1865. 

Few works of the class exhibit a grander monument 
of patient research and of scientific lore. The extent 
of the sale of this lexicon is sufficient to testify to its 
usefulness, and to the great service conferred by Dr. 
Kobley Dunglison on the profession, and indeed on 
ethers, by its issue.— London Lancet, May 13, 1865. 

We know of no other dictionary in the English 
language that can bear a comparison with it in point 
of completeness of subjects and accuracy of state- 
ment.— N. Y. Druggists' Circular, 1865. 

For many years Dunglison's Dictionary has been 

th*! standard book of reference with most practition- 

■ otintry, and we can certainly commend 

thin work to the renewed confidence and regard of 

our readers. — Cincinnati Lancet, April, 1865. 



It is undoubtedly the most complete and useful 
medical dictionary hitherto published in this country. 
— Chicago Med. Examiner, February, 1S65. 

What we take to be decidedly the best medical dic- 
tionary in the English language. The present edition 
is brought fully up to the advanced state of science. 
For many a long year "Dunglison" has been at our 
elbow, a constant companion and friend, and we 
greet him in his replenished and improved form with 
especial satisfaction. — Pacific Med. and Surg. Jour- 
nal, June 27, 1865. 

This is, perhaps, the book of all others which the 
physician or surgeon should have on his shelves. It 
is more needed at the present day than a few years 
back. — Canada Med. Journal, July, 186."). 

It deservedly stands at the head, and cannot be 
surpassed in excellence.— Buffalo Med. and Surg. 
Journal, April, 1865. 

It is as necessary a work to every enlightened phy- 
sician as Worcester's English Dictionary is to every 
one who would keep up his knowledge of the Eng- 
lish tongue to the standard of the present day. It 
is, to our mind, the most complete work of the kind 
with which we are acquainted.— Boston Med. and 
Surg. Journal, June 22, 1865. 

We are free to confess that we know of no medical 
dictionary more complete; no one better, if so well 
adapted for the use of the student; no one that may 
be consulted with more satisfaction by the medical 
practitioner. — Am. Jour. Med. Sciences, April, 1S65. 

The value of the present edition ha* been greatly 
enhanced by the introduction of new subjects and 
terms, and a more complete etymology ana accentua- 
tion, which renders the work not ouly satisfactory 
and desirable, but indispensable to the physician. — 
Chicago Med. Journal, April, 1865. 

No intelligent member of the profession can or will 
be without it.— St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal. 
April, 1865. 

It has the rare merit that it certainly has no rival 
in the English language for accuracy and extent of 
references. — London Medical (Jazette 



TJOHLYN [RICHARD D.), M.D. 






A DICTIONARY OF THE TERMS USED IN MEDICINE AND 

THE COLLATERAL SCIENCES. Revised, with numerouf additions, by Isaac Hays, 
M.D., Editor of the "American Journal of the Medical Sciences." In one large royal 
12mo.' volume of over 500 double-columned pages; extra cloth, $1 50 ; leather, &2 00. 
It is the best booli of definitions we have, and ought always to be upon the student's table.-— Bonier* 
M..>l and Hnry. Journal. 



Henry O. Lea's Publications — {Manuals). 



JtfEILL {JOHN), M.D., and 



qMITH {FRANCIS G.), M.D., 

Prof, of the Institutes of Medicine in the Univ. of Penna. 

AN ANALYTICAL COMPENDIUM OF THE VARIOUS 

BRANCHES OF MEDICAL SCIENCE; for the Use and Examination of Students. A 
new edition, revised and improved. In one very large and handsomely printed royal 12mo. 
volume, of about one thousand pages, with 374 wood cuts, extra cloth, $4; strongly bound 
in leather, with raised bands, $4 75. 



The Compendof Drs. Neilland Smith is incompara- 
bly the most valuable work of its class ever published 
tn'this country. Attempts have been made in various 
quarters to squeeze Anatomy, Physiology, Surgery, 
the Practice of Medicine, Obstetrics, Materia Medica, 
and Chemistry into a single manual; but the opera- 
tion has signally failed in the hands of all up to the 
advent of " Neill and Smith's" volume, which is quite 
t, miracle of success. The outlines of the whole are 
admirably drawn and illustrated, and the authors 
are eminently entitled to the grateful consideration 
of the student of every class.— N. 0. Med. and Surg. 
Journal. 

There are but few students or practitioners of me- 
dicine unacquainted with the former editions of this 
unassuming though highly instructive work. The 
whole science of medicine appears to have been sifted, 
as the gold-bearing sands of El Dorado, and the pre- 



cious facts treasured up in this little volume. A com- 
plete portable library so condensed that the student 
may make it his constant pocket companion. — West- 
ern Lancet. 

In the rapid course of lectures, where work for the 
students is heavy, «,nd review necessary for an exa- 
mination, a compend is not only valuable, but it is 
almost a sine qua non. The one before us is, in most 
of the divisions, the most unexceptionable of all books 
of the kind that we know of. Of course it is useless 
for us to recommend it to all last course students, bu t 
there is a class to whom we very sincerely commend 
this cheap book as worth its weight ia silver — that 
class is the graduates in medicine of more than ten 
years' standing, who have not studied medicine 
since. They will perhaps find out from it that the 
science is not exactly now what it was when they 
left it off.— The Stethoscope. 



TJARTSHORNE {HENRY), M. D., 

Professor of Hygiene in the University of Pennsylvania. 

A CONSPECTUS OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES; containing 

Handbooks on Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry, Materia Medica,, Practical Medicine, 

Surgery, and Obstetrics. Second Edition, thoroughly revised and improved. In one large 

royal 12mo. volume of more than 1000 closely printed pages with over 300 illustrations on 

wood. {Preparing.) 

The favor with which this work has been received has stimulated the author in its revision to 

render it in every way fitted to meet the wants of the student, or of the practitioner desirous to 

refresh his acquaintance with the various departments of medical science. The various sections have 

been brought up to a level with the existing knowledge of the day, while preserving the condensa 

tion of form by which so vast an accumulation of facts have been brought within so narrow a 

compass. 



This work is a remarkably complete one in its way, 
and comes nearer to our idea of what a Conspectus 
6hould be than any we have yet seen. Prof. Harts- 
home, with a commendable forethought, intrusted 
the preparation of many of the chapters on special 
subjects to experts, reserving only anatomy, physio- 
logy, and practice of medicine to himself. As a result 
we have every department worked up to the latest 
date and in a refreshingly concise and lucid manner. 
Tbere are an immense amount of illustrations scat- 
tered throughout the work, and although they have 
often been seen before in the various works upon gen- 
eral and special subjects, yet they will be none the 



less valuable to the beginner. Every medical student 
who desires a reliable refresher to his memory when 
the pressure of lectures and other college work crowds 
to prevent him from having an opportunity to drink 
deeper in the larger works, will find this one of the 
greatest utility. It is thoroughly trustworthy from 
beginning to end ; and as we have before intimated, 
a remarkably truthful outline sketch of the present 
state of medical science. We could hardly expect it 
should be otherwise, however, under the charge of 
such a thorough medical scholar as the author has 
already proved himself to be. — N. York Med. Record, 
March 15, 1869. 



M.D. 



T UDLO W {J. L. 
A MANUAL OF EXAMINATIONS upon Anatomy, Physiology, 

Surgery, Practice of Medicine, Obstetrics, Materia Medica, Chemistry, Pharmacy, and 
Therapeutics. To which is added a Medical Formulary. Third edition, thoroughly revised 
and greatly extended and enlarged. With 370 illustrations. In one handsome royal 
12mo. volume of 816 large pages, extra cloth, $3 25 ; leather, $3 75. 
The arrangement of this volume in the form of question and answer renders it especially suit- 
able for the office examination of students, and for those preparing for graduation. 



fTANNER {THOMAS HA WKES), M. D., frc. 

X A MANUAL OP CLINICAL MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL DIAG- 

NOSIS. Third American from the Second London Edition- Revised and Enlarged by 

Tilbury Fox, M. D., Physician to the Skin Department in University College Hospital, 

&c. In one neat volume small 12mo., of about 375 pages, extra cloth. $150. {Just Issued.) 

*^=fc By reference to the •' Prospectus of Journal" on page 3, it will be seen that this work is 

offered as a premium for procuring new subscribers to the "American Journal or the Medical 

Sciences." 



Taken as a whole, it is the most compact vade me- 
cum for the use of the advanced student and junior 
practitioner with which we are acquainted. — Boston 
Med. and Surg. Journal, Sept. 22, 1870. 

It contains so much that is valuable, presented in 
so attractive a form, that it can hardly be spared 
even in the presence of more full and complete works. 
The additions made to the volume by Mr. Fox very 
materially enhance its value, and almost make it a 
new work. Its convenient size makes it a valuable 
companion to the country practitioner, and if con- 
stantly carried by him, would often render him good 
service, and relieve many a doubt and perplexity. — 
Leavenworth Med. Herald, July. 1870. 



The objections commonly, and justly, urged against 
the general run of "compends," "conspectuses," and 
other aids to indolence, are not applicable to this little 
volume, which contains in concise phrase just those 
practical details that are of most use in daily diag- 
nosis, but which the young practitioner finds it diffi- 
cult to carry always in his memory without some 
quickly accessible means of reference. Altogether, 
the book is one which we can heartily commend to 
those who have not opportunity for extensive read- 
ing, or who, having read much, still wish an occa- 
sional practical reminder. — N. Y. Med. Gazette, Nov 
10, 1870. 



Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Anatomy). 



QRAY {HENRY), F.R.S., 

Lecturer on Anatomy at St. George's Hospital, London. 

ANATOMY, DESCRIPTIVE AND SURGICAL. The Drawings by 

H. V. Carter, M. D., late Demonstrator on Anatomy at St. George's Hospital ; the Dissec- 
tions jointly by the Author and Dr. Carter. A new American, from the fifth enlarged 
and improved London edition. In one magnificent imperial octavo volume, of nearly 900 
pages, with 465 large and elaborate engravings on wood. Price in extra cloth, $6 00; 
leather, raised bands, $7 00. {Just Issued.) 
The author has endeavored in this work to cover a more extended range of subjects than is cus- 
tomary in the ordinary text-books, by giving not only the details necessary for the student, but 
also the application of those details in the practice of medicine and surgery, thus rendering it both 
a guide for the learner, and ari admirable work of reference for the active practitioner. The en- 
gravings form a special feature in the work, many of them being the size of nature, nearly all 
original, and having the names of the various parts printed on the body of the cut, in place of 
figures of reference, with descriptions at the foot. They thus form a complete and splendid series, 
which will greatly assist the student in obtaining a clear idea of Anatomy, and will also serve to 
refresh the memory of those who may find in the exigencies of practice the necessity of recalling 
the details of the dissecting room; while combining, as it does, a complete Atlas of Anatomy, with 
a thorough treatise on systematic, descriptive, and applied Anatomy, the work will be found of 
essential use to all physicians who receive students in their offices, relieving both preceptor and 
pupil of much labor in laying the groundwork of a thorough medical education. 

Notwithstanding the enlargement of this edition, it has been kept at its former very moderate 
price, rendering it one of the cheapest works now before the profession. 

From time to time, as successive editions have ap- 
peared, we have had much pleasure in expressing 
the general judgment of the wonderful excellence of 
Gray's Anatomy. — Cincinnati Lancet, July, 1S70. 

Altogether, it is unquestionably the most complete 



The illustrations are beautifully executed, and ren- 
der this work an indispensable adjunct to the library 
of the surgeon. This remai'k applies with great force 
to those surgeons practising at a distance from our 
large cities, as the opportunity of refreshing their 
memory by actual dissection is not always attain- 
able—Canada Med. Journal, Aug. 1870. 

The work is too well known and appreciated by the 
profession to need any comment. No medical man 
can afford to be without it, if its only merit wei - e to 
serve as a reminder of that which so soon becomes 
forgotten, when not called into frequent use, viz., the 
relations and names of the complex organism of the 
human body. The present edition is much improved. 
—California Med. Gazette, July, 1870. 

Gray's Anatomy has been so long the standard of 
perfection with every student of anatomy, that we 
need do no more than call attention to the improve- 
ment in the present edition. — Detroit Review of Med. 
and Pharm., Aug. 1870. 



d serviceable text-book in anatomy that has ever 
been presented to the student, and forms a striking 
contrast to the dry and perplexing volumes on the 
same subject through which their predecessors strug- 
gled in days gone by. — 2f. Y. Med. Record, June 15, 
1870. 

To commend Gray's Anatomy to the medical pro- 
fession is almost as much a work of supererogation 
as it would be to give a favorable notice of the Bible 
in the religious press. To say that it is the most 
complete and conveniently arranged text book of its 
kind, is to repeat what each generation of students 
has learned as a tradition of the elders, and verified 
by personal experience. — N. Y. Med. Gazette, Dec. 
17, 1870. 



VMITH [HENRY H.), M.D., and JJORNER ( WILLIAM E.), M.D., 

Prof . of Surgery in the Univ. of Penna.,&c. Late Prof . of Anatomy in the Univ. of Penna., Ac. 

AN ANATOMICAL ATLAS, illustrative of the Structure of the 

Human Body. In one volume, large imperial octavo, extra cloth, with about six hundred 

and fifty beautiful figures. $4 50. 
The plan of this Atlas, which renders it so pecu- 1 the kind that has yet appeared; and we must add, 
liarly convenient for the student, and its superb ar- | the very beautiful manner in which it is "got up," 
tietical execution, have been already pointed out. We is so creditable to the country as to be flattering to 
must congratulate the student upou the completion our national pride. — American MedicalJournal. 
of this Atlas, as it is the most convenient work of I 



UHARPEY ( WILLIAM), M.I)., and Q UAIN (JONES fr RICHARD). 
HUMAN ANATOMY. Revised, with Notes and Additions, by Joseph 

Leidv, M.D., Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. Complete in two 
large octavo volumes, of about 1300 pages, with 511 illustrations; extra cloth, $6 00. 
The very low price of this standard work, and its completeness in all departments of the subjeot, 
should command for it a place in the library of all anatomical students. 



fTOBVES, (RICHARD M.), M.D., 

■*-■*- Late Demonstrator of Aimtomy in the Medical Department of Harvard University. 

PRACTICAL DISSECTIONS. Second Edition, thoroughly revised. In 

one neat royal 12mo. volume, half-bound, $2 00. 
The object of this work is to present to the anatomical student a clear and concise description 
of thnt which he is expected to observe in an ordinary couise of dissections. The author has 
endeavored to omit unnecessary details, and to present the subjeat in the form which many years' 
experience has shown him to be the most convenient and intelligible to the student. In the 
revision of the present edition, he has sedulously labored to render the volume more worthy of 
the favor with which it has heretofore been received. 



Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Anatomy). 



TUILSON [ERASMUS), F.R.S. 

fY A SYSTEM OF HUMAN ANATOMY, General and Special. Edited 

by W.H. Gobrecht, M.D., Professor of General and Surgical Anatomy in the Medical Col- 
lege of Ohio. Illustrated with three hundred and ninety-seven engravings on wood. In 
one large and handsome octavo volume, of over 600 large pages; extra cloth, $4 00; lea- 
ther, $5 00. 
The publisher trusts that the well-earned reputation of this long-established favorite will be 
more than maintained by the present edition. Besides a very thorough revision oy the author, it 
has been most carefully examined by the editor, and the efforts of both have been directed to in- 
troducing everything which increased experience in its use has suggested as desirable to render it 
a complete text-book for those seeking to obtain or to renew an acquaintance with Human Ana- 
tomy. The amount of additions which it has thus received may be estimated from the fact thai 
tho present edition contains over one-fourth more matter than the last, rendering a smaller type 
and an enlarged page requisite to keep the volume within a convenient size. The author has not 
only thus aaded largely to the work, but he has also made alterations throughout, wherever there 
appeared the opportunity of improving the arrangement or style, so as to present every fact in its 
most appropriate manner, and to render the whole as clear and intelligible as possible. The editor 
has exercised the utmost caution to obtain entire accuracy in the text, and has largely increased 
the number of illustrations, of which there are about one hundred and fifty more in this edition 
than in the last, thus bringing distinctly before the eye of the student everything of interest or 
importance. 

TJEATR [CHRISTOPHER), F. R. C. S., 

•*-*- Teacher of Operative Surgery in University College, London. 

PRACTICAL ANATOMY: A Manual of Dissections. From the 

Second revised and improved London edition. Edited, with additions, by W. W. Kesx, 

M. D., Lecturer on Pathological Anatomy in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. 

In one handsome royal 12mo. volume of 578 pages, with 247 illustrations. Extra cloth, 

$3 50 ; leather, $4 00. {Lately Published.) 
Dr. Keen, the American editor of this work, in his 
preface, says: "In presenting this American edition 
of 'Heath's Practical Anatomy,' I feel that I have 
been instrumental in supplying a want long felt for 
a real dissector's manual," and this assertion of its 



editor we deem is fully justified, after an examina- 
tion of its contents, for it is really an excellent work. 
Indeed, we do not hesitate to say, the best of its class 
with which we are acquainted ; resembling Wilson 
in terse and ciear description, excelling most of the 
so-called practical anatomical dissectors in the scope 
of tke subject and practical selected matter. . . . 
In reading this work, one is forcibly impressed with 
the great pains the author takes to impress the sub- 
ject upon the mind of the student. He is full of rare 
and pleasing little devices to aid memory in main- 
taining its hold upon the slippery slopes of anatomy. 
— St. Louis Med. and Sitrg. Journal, Mar. 10, 1871. 

It appears to us certain that, as a guide in dissec- 
tion, and as a work containing facts of anatomy in 
brief and easily understood form, this manual is 
eomplete. This work contains, also, very perfect 
illustrations of parts which can thus be more easily 
understood and studied; in this respect it compares 
favorably with works of much greater pretension. 



Such manuals of anatomy are always favorite works 
with medical students. We would earnestly recom- 
mend this one to their attention; it has excellences 
which make it valuable as a guide in dissecting, as 
well as in studying anatomy.— Buffalo Medical and 
Surgical Journal, Jan. 1871. 

The first English edition was issued about six years 
ago, and was favorably received not only on account 
of the great reputation of its author, but also from 
its great value and excellence as a guide-book to the 
practical anatomist. The American edition has un- 
dergone some alterations and additions which will 
no doubt enhance its value materially. The conve- 
nience of the student has been carefully consulted in 
the arrangement of the text, and the directions given 
for the prosecution of certain dissections will be duly 
appreciated. — Canada Lancet, Feb. 1871. 

This is an excellent Dissector's Manual ; one which 
is not merely a descriptive manual of anatomy, but 
a guide to the student at the dissecting table, enabling 
him, though a beginner, to prosecute his work intel- 
ligently, and without assistance. The American edi- 
tor has made many valuable alterations and addi- 
tions to the original work.— Am. Journ. of Obstetrics. 
Feb. 1871. * 



JDELLAMY[E.), F.R.C.S. 

^ THE STUDENT'S GUIDE TO SURGICAL ANATOMY: A Text- 

Book for Students preparing for their Pass Examination. With Engravings on wood. In 
one handsome royal 12mo. volume. {Preparing.) 



M 



ACLISE [JOSEPH). 

SURGICAL ANATOMY. By Joseph Maolise, Surgeon. In one 

volume, very large imperial quarto; with 68 large and splendid plates, drawn in the best 
style and beautifully colored, containing 190 figures, many of them the size of life; together 
with copious explanatory letter-press. Strongly and handsomely bound in extra cloth 
Price $14 00. 

$ions have hitherto, we think, been given. While 
che operator is shown every vessel and nerve where 
in operation is contemplated, the exact anatomist is 
refreshed by those clear and distinct dissections 
which every one must appreciate who has a particle 
of enthusiasm. The English medical press has quite 
exhausted the words of praise, in recommending this 
Boston Med. and Surg. Journ. 



We know of no work on surgical anatomy which 
can compete with it. — Lancet. 

The work of Maclise on surgical anatomy is of the 
highest value. In some respects it is the best publi- 
cation of its kind we have seen, and is worthy of a 
place in the libiary of any medical man, while the 
student could scarcely make a better investment than 
this.— The Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 

No such lithographic illustrations of surgical ei- 



admirable treatise.- 



H 



ARTSHORNE [HENRY), M.D., 

Professor of Hygiene, etc , in the Univ. of retina. 

HANDBOOK OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. 

tion, revised. In one royal 12mo. volume, with numerous illustrations. 



HORNER'S SPECIAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY. 
£ : ghth edition, extensively revised and modified. 



Second Ecli- 

{Preparing .) 



In 2 vols. 8vo., of over 1000 pages, with more than 
300 wood-cuts ; extra cloth, $6 8Q> 



8 



Henry C. Lea's Publications — {Physiology). 



MARSHALL {JOHN), F. R. S., 

J.U. Professor of Surgery in University College, London, &c. 

OUTLINES OF PHYSIOLOGY, HUMAN AND COMPARATIVE. 

With Addition? by Francis Gubney Smith, M. D., Professor of the Institutes of Medi- 
cine in the University of Pennsylvania, Ac. With numerous illustrations. In one large 
and handsome octavo volume, of 1026 pages, extra cloth, $6 50 : leather, raised bands, 
$7 50. 



In fact, in every respect, Mr. Marshall has present- 
ed us with a most complete, reliable, and scientific 
work, and we feel that it is worthy our warmest 
commendation. — St. Louis Med. Reporter, Jan. 1869. 

We doubt if there is in the English language any 
compend of physiology more useful to the student 
than this work.— St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal, 
Jan. 1869. 

It quite fulfils, in. our opinion, the author's design 
of making it truly educational in its character — which 
is, perhaps, the highest commendation that can be 
asked. — Am. Joum. Med. Sciences, Jan. 1869. 

We may now congratulate him on having com- 
pleted the latest as well as the best summary of mod- 
ern physiological science, both human and compara- 



tive, with which we are acquainted. To speak of 
this work in the terms ordinarily used on such occa- 
sions would not be agreeable to ourselves, and would 
fail to do justice to its author. To write such a book 
requires a varied and wide range of knowledge, con- 
siderable power of analysis, correct judgment, skill 
in arrangement, and conscientious spirit. — London 
Lancet, Feb. 22, 1868. 

There are few, if any, more accomplished anatomists 
and physiologists than the distinguished professor of 
sui'gery at University College ; and he has long en- 
joyed the highest reputation as a teacher of physiol- 
ogy, possessing remarkable powers of cleai exposition 
and graphic illustration. We have rarely the plea- 
sure of being able to recommend a text-booh so unre- 
servedly as this. — British Med. Journal, Jan 25, 1868. 



(1ARPENTER {WILLIAM B.), M.D., F.R.S., 

>y Examiner in Physiology and Comparative Anatomy in the University of London. 

PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY; with their chief appli- 
cations to Psychology, Pathology, Therapeutics, Hygiene and Forensic Medicine. A new 
American from the last and revised London edition. With nearly three hundred illustrations. 
Edited, with additions, by Francis Gurney Smith, M. D., Professor of the Institutes of 
Medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, &c. In one very large and beautiful octavo 
volume, of about 900 large pages, handsomely printed ; extra cloth, $5 50; leather, raised 
bands, $6 50. 

We doubt not it is destined to retain a strong hold 
on public favor, and remain the favorite text-book in 
our colleges. — Virginia Medical Journal. 



With Dr. Smith, we confidently believe "that the 
present will more than sustain the enviable reputa- 
tion already attained by former editions, of being 
one of the fullest and most complete treatises on the 
subject in the English language." We know of none 
from the pages of which a satisfactory knowledge of 
the physiology of the human organism can be as well 
obtained, none better adapted for the use of such as 
take up the study of physiology in its reference to 
the institutes and practice of medicine. — Am. Jour. 
Med. Sciences. 



The above is the title of what is emphatically the 
great work on physiology ; and we are conscious that 
it would be a useless effort to attempt to add any- 
thing to the reputation of this invaluable work, and 
can only say to all with whom our opinion has any 
influence, that it is our authority. — Atlanta Med. 
Journal. 



DF THE SAME AUTHOR. 

PRINCIPLES OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY. New Ameri- 

can, from the Fourth and Revised London Edition. In one large and handsome octavo 
volume, with over three hundred beautiful illustrations. Pp. 752. Extra cloth, $5 00. 
As a complete and condensed treatise on its extended and important subject, this work becomes 

a necessity to students of natural science, while the very low price at which it is offered places it 

within the reach of all. 



JflRKES ( WILLIAM SENHOUSE), M.D. 

A MANUAL OF PHYSIOLOGY. Edited by W. Morrant Baker, 

M.D., F.R.C.S. A new American from the eighth and improved London edition. With 
about two hundred and fifty illustrations. In one large and handsome royal 12mo. vol- 
ume. Cloth, $3 25; leather, $3 75. {Now Ready.) 
Kirkes' Physiology has long been known as a concise and exceedingly convenient text-book, 
presenting within a narrow compass all that is important, for the student. The rapidity with 
which successive editions have followed each other in England has enabled the editor to keep it 
thoroughly on a level Avith the changes and new discoveries made in the science, and the eighth 
edition, of which the present is a reprint, has appeared so recently that it may be regarded as 
the latest accessible exposition of the subject. 



On the whole, there is very little in the book 
Which either the student or practitioner will notflnd 
of practical value and consistent with our present 
knowledge of this rapidly changing science ; and we 
have no hesitation In expressing our opinion that 
this eighth edition is one of the best handbooks on 

Togy which we have in our language. — N. Y. 
Mai. Record, April 15, L87S. 

Tims volume might well he used to replace many 
of the physiological text-books in use In this coun- 
try. It represents more accurately than the works 
Of Dalton or Flint, the present state of our kuowl- 
edge of most physiological questions, while it is 
much less bulky and far more readable lhan the lar- 



ger text-books of Carpenter or Marshall. The book 
is admirably adapted to be placed in the hands of 
students. — Boston Med. and Surg. Joum., April 10, 
1873. 

In its enlarged form it is, in our opinion, still the 
best book mi physiology, most useful to the student. 
—Phi/a. Med. Times, Aug. 30, 1873. 

This is undoubtedly the host work for students of 
physiology extant. — Cincinnati Med. News, Sept. '73 

li more yearly represents the present condition of 
physiology than any other text-hook on the subject.— 
Detroit Rev. of Med. Pharm., Nov. 1873. 



Henry C. Lea's Publications — {Physiology). 



f)ALTON {J. C.), M.D., 

-*S Professor of Physiology in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, &c. 

A TREATISE ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY. Designed for the use 

of Students and Practitioners of Medicine. Fifth- edition, revised, with nearly three hun- 
dred illustrations on wood. In one very beautiful octavo volume, of over 700 pages, extra 
cloth, $5 25 ; leather, $6 25. (Just Issued.) 

Preface to the Fifth Edition. 
In preparing the present edition of this work, the general plan and arrangement of the previous 
editions have been retained, so far as they have been found useful and adapted to the purposes of 
a text-book for students of medicine. The incessant advance of all the natural and physical 
sciences, never more active than within the last five years, has furnished many valuable aids to 
the special investigations of the physiologist ; and the progress of physiological research, during 
the same period, has required a careful revision of the entire work, and the modification or re- 
arrangement of many of its parts. At this day, nothing is regarded as of any value in natural 
science which is not based upon direct and intelligible observation or experiment ; and, accord- 
ingly, the discussion of doubtful or theoretical questions has been avoided, as a general rule, in 
the present volume, while new facts, from whatever source, if fully established, have been added 
and incorporated with the results of previous investigation. A number of new illustrations have 
been introduced, and a few of the older ones, which seemed to be no longer useful, have been 
omitted. In all the changes and additions thus made, it has been the aim of the writer to make the 
book, in its present form, a faithful exponent of the actual conditions of physiological science. 
New York, October, 1S71. 
In this, the standard text-book on Physiology, all that is needed to maintain the favor with which 
it is regarded by the profession, is the author's assurance that it has been thoroughly revised and 
brought up to a level with the advanced science of the day. To accomplish this has required 
some enlargement of the work, but no advance has been made in the price. 



The fifth, edition of this truly valuable work on 
Human Physiology comes to us with many valuable 
improvements and additions. As a text-book of 
physiology the work of Prof. Dalton has long been 
well known as one of the best which could be placed 
in the hands of student or practitioner. Prof. Dalton 
has, in the several editions of his work heretofore 
published, labored to keep step with the ad vaacement 
in science, and the last edition shows by its improve- 
ments on former ones that he is determined to main- 
tain the high standard of his work. We predict for 
the present edition increased favor, though this work 
has long been the favorite standard. — Buffalo Med. 
and Surg. Journal, April, 1872. 

An extended notice of a work so generally and fa- 
vorably known as this is unnecessary. It is justly 
regarded as one of the most valuable text-books on 
the subject in the English language. — St. Louit Med. 
Archives, May, 1872. 

We know no treatise in physiology so clear, com- 
plete, well assimilated, and perfectly digested, as 
Button's. He never writes cloudily or dubiously, or 
in mere quotation. He assimilates all his material, 
and from it constructs a homogeneous transparent 
argument, which is always honest and well informed, 
and hides neither truth, ignorance, nor doubt, so far 
as either belongs to the subject in hand. — Brit. Med. 
Journal, March 23, 1872. 



Dr. Dalton's treatise is well known, and by many 
highly esteemed in this country. It is, indeed, a good 
elementary treatise on the subject it professes to 
teach, and may safely be put into the hands of Eng- 
lish students. It has one great merit — it is clear, and, 
on the whole, admirably illustrated. The part we 
have always esteemed most highly is that relating 
to Embryology. The diagrams given of the various 
stages of development give a clearer view of the sub- 
ject than do those in general use in this country ; and 
the text may be said to be, upon the whole, equally 
clear. — London Med. Times and Gazette, March 23, 
1872. 

Dalton's Physiology ia already, and deservedly, 
the favorite text-book of the majority of American 
medical students. Treating a most interesting de- 
partment of science in his own peculiarly lively and 
fascinating style, Dr. Dalton carries his reader along 
without effort, and at the same time impresses upon 
his mind the truths taught much more successfully 
than if they were buried beneath a multitude of 
words.— Kansas City Med. Journal, April, 1872. 

Professor Dalton is regarded j ustly as the authority 
in this country on physiological subjects, and the 
fifth edition of his valuable work fully justifies the 
exalted opinion the medical world has of his labors. 
This last edition is greatly enlarged.— Virginia Clin- 
ical Record, April, 1872. 



D 



VNOLISON (ROBLEY), M.D., 

Professor of Institutes of Medicine in Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. 

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY. Eighth edition. Thoroughly revised and 

extensively modified and enlarged, with five hundred and thirty-two illustrations. In two 
large and handsomely printed octavo volumes of about 1500 pages, extra cloth. $7 00. 



TEHMANN{C. G.). 

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. Translated from the second edi- 
tion by G-eorge B. Day, M. D., F. R. S., Ac, edited by R. E. Rogers, M. D., Professor of 
Chemistry in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, with illustrations 
selected from Funke"s Atlas of Physiological Chemistry, and an Appendix of plates. Com- 
plete in two large and handsome octavo volumes, containing 1200 pages, with nearly two 
hundred illustrations, extra cloth. $6 00. 

•p Y THE SAME AUTHOR. 

MANUAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSIOLOGY. Translated from the 

German, with Notes and Additions, by J. Cheston Morris, M.D., with an Introductory 
Essay on Vital Force, by Professor Samuel Jackson, M. D., of the University of Pennsyl- 
vania. With illustrations on wood. In one very handsome octavo volume of 336 pages, 
extra cloth. $2 25. 



10 



Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Chemistry). 



\TTFIELD {JOHN), Ph.D., 

Professor of Practical Chemistry to the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, &-c. 

CHEMISTRY, GENERAL, MEDICAL, AND PHARMACEUTICAL ; 

including the Chemistry of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia. A Manual of the General Principles 
of the Science, and their Application to Medicine and Pharmacy. Fifth Edition, revised 
by the author. In one handsome royal 12mo. volume ; cloth, $2 75 ; leather, $3 75. 
(Just Ready.) 



We commend the work heartily as one of the hest 
text-hooks extant for the medical student.— Detroit 
Xev. of Med. and Pharm., Feh. 1872. 

The hest work of the kind in the English language. 
— it. Y. Psychological Journal, Jan. 1872. 

The work is constructed with direct reference to 
the wants of medical and pharmaceutical students; 
and, although an English work, the points of differ- 
ence hetween the BriFish and United States Pharma- 
copoeias are indicated, making it as useful here as in 
England. Altogether, the book is one we can heart- 
ily recommend to practitioners as well as students. 
—N. Y. Med. Journal, Dec. 1871. 

Ir differs from other text-hooks in the following 
particulars : first, in the exclusion of matter relating 
to compounds which, at present, are only of interest 
to the scientific chemist ; secondly, in containing the 
chemistry of every substance recognized officially or 
in general, as a remedial agent. It will be found a 
most valuable book for pupils, assistants, and others 
engaged in medicine and pharmacy, and we heartily 
commend it to our readers. — Canada Lancet, Oct. 
1871. 

When the original English edition of this work was 



published, we had occasion to express our high ap- 
preciation of its worth, and also to review, in con- 
siderable detail, the main features of the book. As 
the arrangement of subjects, and the main part of 
the text of the present edition are similar to the for- 
mer publication, it will be needless for us to go over 
the ground a second time ; we may, however, call at- 
tention to a marked advantage possessed by the Ame- 
rican work— we allude to the introduction of the 
chemistry of the preparations of the United States 
Pharmacopoeia, as well as that relating to the British 
authority. — Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal, 
Nov. 1871. 

Chemistry has borne the name of being a hard sub- 
ject to master by the student of medicine, and 
chiefly because. so much of it consists of compounds 
only of interest to the scientific chemist ; in this work 
such portions are modified or altogether left out, and 
in the arrangement of the subject-matter of the work, 
practical utility is sought after, and we think fully 
attained. W«e commend it for its clearness and order 
to both teacher and pupil. — Oregon Med. and Surg: 
Reporter, Oct. 1871. 



-DLOXAM {C. L.), 

J-* Professor of Chemistry in King's College, London. 

CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC AND ORGANIC. From the Second Lon- 
don Edition. In one very handsome octavo volume, of 700 pages, with about 300 illustra- 
tions. Cloth, $4 50 j leather, $5 50. (Just Heady.) 
It has been the author's endeavor to produce a Treatise on Chemistry sufficiently comprehen- 
sive for those studying the science as a branch of general education, and one which a student 
may use with advantage in pursuing his chemical studies at one of the colleges or medical schools. 
The special attention devoted to Metallurgy and some other branches of Applied Chemistry renders 
the work especially useful to those who are being educated for employment in manufacture. 

It would be difficult for a practical chemist and 
teacher to find any material fault with this most ad- 
mirable treatise. The author has given us almost a 
cyclopedia "Within the limits of aconvenientvolume, 
and lias done so without penning the tiseless para- 
graphs too commonly making up a great part of the 
bulk of many cumbrous works. The progressive sci- 
entist is not disappointed when he looks for the record 
of new and valuable processes and discoveries, while 
the cautious conservative does not find its pages mo- 
nopolized by uncertain theories and speculations. A 
peculiar point of excellence is the crystallized form of 
-iou in which great truths are expressed iu 



very short paragraphs. One is surprised at the brief 
space allotted to an important topic, and yet, after 
reading it, he feels that little, if any more, should 
have been said. Altogether, it is seldom you see a 
text-book so nearly faultless.- Cincinnati Lancet, 
tfov. 1873. 

Professor Bloxam has given us a most excellent 
and useful practical treatise. His 666 pages are 
crowded with facts and experiments, nearly all well 
chosen, and many quite new, even to scientific men. 
. . . It is astonishing how much information he ciften 
conveys in a few paragraphs. We might quote fifty 
instances of this. — Chemical News. 







DUNG {WILLIAM), 

Lecturer on Chemistry at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Ac. 

A COURSE OF PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, arranged for the Use 

of Medical Students. With Illustrations. From the Fourth and Revised London Edition. 
In one neat royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth. $2. (Lately Issued.) 



61 ALLOW AY {ROBERT), F.C.S., 
T l'rof. of Applied OhemiBtry in the Eoyal College of Science for Ireland, &c. 

A MANUAL OF QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS. From the Fifth Lon- 
don Edition. In one neat royal 12mo. volume, with illustrations ; extra cloth, $2 50. (Just 
Issued.) 
The success which hns carried this work through repeated editions in England, and its adoption 
as a leXt-book in several of the leading institutions in this country, show that the author has suc- 
ceeded in the endeavor to produce a sound praotical manual and book of referenoe for the otae- 
inieiil student. 

Prof Oalloway'i hooks are deservedly in high We regard this volume as a valuable addition to 

ftn d this American reprint of the fifth edition the chemical text-hooks, and as particularly calcu- 

Maoual of Qualitative Analysis, will he lated to instinct the .student in analytical researches 

ible to many America d students to whom the of the Inorganic compounds, the Important vegetable 

I, edition La nol accessible.— Am. Jour, of Sci- acids, and of compounds and various secretions and 

nd Arts, Sept. 1S72. excretions of auimal origin.— Am. Journ. of Pharm., 

Sept. 1872. 



Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Chemistry, Pharmacy, &c). 11 
(1HANDLER {CHARLES F.). and pHANDLER {WILLIAM H), 

v> Prof, of Chemistry in the 2?. T. Coll. of V^ Prof, of Chemistry in the Lehigh 

Pharmacy. " University. 

THE AMERICAN CHEMIST: A Monthly Journal of Theoretical, 

Analytical, and Technical Chemistry. Each number averaging forty large doable col- 
umned pages of reading matter. Price $5 per annum in advance. Single numbers, 50 cts. 

0^- Specimen numbers to parties proposing to subscribe will be sent to any address on receipt 
of 25 cents. 

*^* Subscriptions can begin with any number. 

The rapid growth of the Science of Chemistry and its infinite applications to other sciences 
and arts render a journal specially devoted to the subject a necessity to those whose pursuits 
require familiarity with the details of the science. It has been the aim of the conductors of "The 
American Chemist" to supply this want in its broadest sense, and the reputation which the 
periodical has already attained is a sufticient evidence of the zeal and ability with which they 
have discharged their task. 

Assisted by an able body of collaborators, their aim is to present, within a moderate compass, 
an abstract of the progress of the science in all its departments, scientific and technical. Import- 
ant original communications and selected papers are given in full, and the standing of the " Chem- 
ist" is such as to secure the contributions of leadih* men in all portions of the country. Besides 
this, over one hundred journals and transactions of learned societies in America, Great Britain, 
France, Belgium, Italy, Russia, and Germany are carefully scrutinized, and whatever they offer 
of interest is condensed and presented to the reader. In this work, which forms a special feature 
of the "Chemist," the editors have the assistance of M. Alsberg, Ph.D., Prof. G. P. Barker, T. 
U. Blossom, E.M., H. C. Bolton, Ph.D., Prof. T. Egleston, E.M , H. Endemann, Ph.D., Prof. C. 
A. Goessmann, Ph.D.,S. A. Goldschmidt, A.M., E.M., E. J. Hallock. Prof. C. A. Joy, Ph.D., 
J. P. Kimball, Ph.D., 0. G. Mason, H. Newton, E.M., Prof. Frederick Prime, Jr., Prof. Paul 
Schweitzer, Ph.D., Waldron Shapleigh, Romyn Hitchcock, and Elwyn Waller, E.M. From the 
thoroughness and completeness with which this department is conducted, it is believed that no 
periodical in either hemisphere more faithfully reflects the progress of the science, or presents a 
larger or more carefully garnered store of information to its readers. 



OWNES {GEORGE), Ph.D. 






A MANUAL OF ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY; Theoretical and 

Practical. With one hundred and ninety-seven illustrations. A new American, from the 

tenth and revised London edition. Edited by Robert Bridges, M. D. In one large 

royal 12mo. volume, of about 850 pp., extra cloth, $2 75 ; leather, $3 25. {Lately Issued.) 

This work is so well known that it seems almost other work that has greater claims on the physician, 

superfluous for us to speak about it. It has been a \ pharmaceutist, or student, than this. We cheerfully 

favorite text-book with medical students for years, i recommend it as the best text-book on elementary 

and its popularity has in no respect diminished. I chemistry, and bespeak for it the careful attention 

Whenever we have been consulted by medical stu- { of students of pharmacy.— Chicago Pharmacist, Aug. 

dents, as ha6 frequently occurred, what treatise on I 1869. 

chemistry they should procure, we have always re- j 

commended Fownes', for we regarded it as the best. ' Here is a new edition which has been long watched 
There is no work that combines so many excellen- i for D 7 eager teachers of chemistry. In its new garb, 
ces. It is of convenient size, not prolix, o'f plain! and under the editorship of Mr. Watts, it has resumed 
perspicuous diction, contains all the most recent i its ol<i place as the most successful of text-books. — 
discoveries, and is of moderate price.— Cincinnati \ Pndian Medical Gazette, Jan. 1, 1869. 
Med. Repertory, Aug. 1869. It wm continuej as heretofore) to hold the first rank 

Large additions have been made, especially in the j is a text-book for students of medicine.— Chicago 
department of organic chemistry, and we know of no I Med. Examiner, Aug. 1869. 

TXTOHLER AND FITTIG. ~ 

rr OUTLINES OP ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Translated with Ad- 
ditions from the Eighth German Edition. By Ira Remsen, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of 
Chemistry and Physics in Williams College, Mass. In one handsome volume, royal 12mo. 
of 550 pp. extra cloth, $3. (Just Ready.) 
As the numerous editions of the original attest, this work is the leading text-book and standard 
authority throughout Germany on its important and intricate subject— a position won for it by 
the clearness and conciseness which are its distinguishing characteristics. The translation has 
been executed with the approbation of Profs. Wbhler and Fittig, and numerous additions and 
alterations have been introduced, so as to render it in every respect on a level with the most 
advanced condition of the science. 

J%0 WMAN {JOHN E.) , M. D. 

PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF MEDICAL CHEMISTRY. Edited 

by C. L. Bloxam, Professor of Practical Chemistry in King's College, London. Sixth 
American, from the fourth and revised English Edition. In one neat volume, royal 12mo., 
. pp. 351, with numerous illustrations, extra cloth. $2 25. 
J£Y TEE SAME AUTHOR. (Now Reaty.) 

INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, INCLUDING 

ANALYSIS. Sixth American, from the sixth and revised London edition. With numer- 
ous illustrations. In one neat vol., royal 12mo., extra cloth. $2 25. 

KNAPP'S TECHNOLOGY ; or Chemistry Applied to 1 very handsome octavo volumes, with 500 wood 
the Arts, and to Manufactures. With American engravings, extra cloth, $6 00. 



additions, by Prof. Waltbr R. Jokksox, In two 



12 Henry 0. Lea's Publications — (Mat. Med. and Therapeutics). 



pARRISH {ED WARD), 

Professor of Materia Medico, in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. 

A TREATISE ON PHARMACY. Designed as a Text-Book for the 

Student, and as a Guide for the Physician and Pharmaceutist. With many Formulae and 
Prescriptions. Fourth Edition, thoroughly revised, by Thomas S. Wiegand. In one 
handsome octavo volume, with several hundred illustrations. ' (hi Press.) 
The delay in the appearance of the new U. S. Pharmacopoeia, and the sudden death of the au- 
thor, have postponed the preparation of this new edition beyond the period expected. The notes 
and memoranda left by Mr. Parrish have been placed in the hands of the editor, Mr. Wiegand, 
who has labored assiduously to embody in the work all the improvements of pharmaceutical sci- 
ence which have been introduced during che last ten years. It is therefore hoped that the new 
edition will fully maintain the reputation which the volume has heretofore enjoyed as a standard 
text-book and work of reference for all engaged in the preparation and dispensing of medicines. 
"We have examined this large volume with a good not wish it to be understood as very extravagant 



deal of care, and find that the author has completely 
exhausted the subject upon which he treats ; a more 
complete work, we think, it would be impossible to 
find. To the student of pharmacy the work is indis- 
pensable ; indeed, so far as we know, it is the only one 
of its kind in existence, and even to the physician or 
medical student who can spare five dollars to pur- 
chase it, we feel sure the practical information he 
will obtain will more than compensate him for the 
outlay. — Canada Med. Journal, Nov. 1864. 

The medical student and the practising physician 
will find the volume of inestimable worth for study 
and reference. — San Francisco Med. Press, July, 
1864. 

When we say that this book is in some respects 
the best which has been published on the subject in 
the English language for a great many years, we do 



praise. In truth, it is not so much the best as the 
only book. — The London Chemical News. 

An attempt to furnish anything like an analysis ol 
Parrish' s very valuable and elaborate Treatise on 
Practical Pharmacy would require more space than 
we have at our disposal. This, however, is not so 
much a matter of regi'et, inasmuch as it would be 
difficult to think of any point, however minute and 
apparently trivial, connected with the manipulation 
">f pharmaceutic substances or appliances which has 
not been clearly and carefully discussed in this vol- 
ume. "Want of space prevents our enlarging further 
on this valuable work, and we must conclude by & 
simple expression of our hearty appreciation of its 
merits.— Dublin Quarterly Jour, of Medical Scien' e, 
August, 1864. 



QTILLE {ALFRED), M.D., 

*3 Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine in the University of Penna. 

THERAPEUTICS AND MATERIA MEDICA; a Systematic Treatise 

on the Action and Uses of Medicinal Agents, including their Description and History 
Fourth edition, revised and enlarged. In two large and handsome octavo volumes. {Pre- 
paring. ) 
Dr. Stille's splendid work on therapeutics and ma- ( abroad its reputation as a standard treatise on Materia 
teria medica.— London Med. Times, April 8, 1865. j Medica is securely established. It is second to no 



Dr. Stille stands to-day one of the best and most 
honored representatives at home and abroad, of Ame- 
rican medicine ; and these volumes, a library in them- 
selves, a treasure-house for every studious physician, 
assure his fame even had he done nothing more. — The 
Western Journal of Medicine, Dec. 1868. 

We regard this work as the best one on Materia 
Medica in the English language, and as such it de- 
serves the favor it has received. — Am. Journ. Medi- 
cal Sciences, July 1868. 

We need not dwell on the merits of the third edition 
of this magnificently conceived work. It is the work 
on Materia Medica, in which Therapeutics are prima- 
rily considered — the mere natural history of drugs 
being briefly disposed of. To medical practitioners 
this is a very valuable conception. It is wonderful 
how much of the riches of the literature of Materia 
Medica lias been condensed into this book. The refer- 
ences alone would make it worth possessing. But it 
is not a mere compilation. The writer exercises a 
good judgment of his own on the great doctrines and 
points of Therapeutics For purposes of practice, 
Stille's book is almost unique as a repertory of in- 
formation, empirical and scientific, on the actions and I Shipj^tii safe to 'say we" hav7not"l)ingsuperior. I 
uses of medicines.— London Lancet, Oct. 81, 1868. I PXCee( Hngly full, and the busy practitioner will find 

Through the former editions, the professional world ample suggestions upon almost every important point 
Is well acquainted with this work. At home and ! of therapeutics. — Cincinnati Lancet, Aug. 1868. 



work on the subject in the English tongue, and, in- 
deed, is decidedly superior, in some respects, to any 
other. — Pacific Med. and Surg. Journal, July, 1868. 

Stille^s Therapeutics is incomparably the best work 
on the subject.— N. Y. Med. Gazette, Sept. 26, 1868. 

Dr. Stille's work is becoming the best known of any 
of our treatises on Materia Medica. . . . One of the 
most valuable works in the language on the subjects 
of which it treats.— iV. y. Med. Journal, Oct. 1868. 

The rapid exhaustion of two editions of Prof. Stille's 
scholarly work, and the consequent necessity for a 
third edition, is sufficient evidence of the high esti- 
mate placed upon it by the profession. It is no exag- 
geration to say that there is no superior work upon 
the subject in the English language. The present 
edition is fully up to the most recent advance in the 
science aud art of therapeutics. — Leavenworth Medi- 
cal Herald, Aug. 1868. 

The work of Prof. Stille" has rapidly taken a high 
place in professional esteem, and to say that a third 
edition is demanded aud now appears before us, suffi- 
ciently attests the firm position this treatise has made 
! for itself. As a work of great research, and scholar- 



QRIFFITH {ROBERT E.) } M.D. 



A UNIVERSAL FORMULARY, Containing the Methods of Pre- 

paring and Administering Officinal and other Medicines. The whole adapted to Physicians 
and I'hnnnaceutists. Third edition, thoroughly revised, with numerous additions, bj John 
M. MA1S0H, Professor of Materia Medica in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. In 
(me large and handsome octavo volume of about 800 pages. {Nearly Ready) 
Under tho care of Prof. Qlaisoh this favorite work has been thoroughly revised, introducing all 
th<- ohangee prescribed in the new editions of the Pharmacopoeias of the U. States, Great Britain, 
Prance, Qermany, &0. Notwithstanding the omission of nil mutter rendered obsolete by the ad- 
vance of science, and lh(< mosl careful condensation, the volume will be found enlarged by nearly 
one hundred and fifty pages. 

We know of aone to our Language, oi any other, bo comprehensive Id its details. — London Lancvt. 
One of the most complete works of the kind In any language. — Edinburgh Med. Journal, 
We are not cognizant of the existence of a parallel work. — London Med. Gazette. 



Henry C. Lea's Publications — {Mat. Bled, and Therapeutics). 13 



p ERE IRA [JONATHAN), M.D., F.R.S. and L.S. 
~ MATERIA MEDIC A AND THERAPEUTICS; being an Abridg- 

ment of the late Dr. Pereira's Elements of Materia Medica, arranged in conformity with 
the British Pharmacopoeia, and adapted to the use of Medical Practitioners, Chemists and 
Druggists, Medical and Pharmaceutical Students, &c. By F. J. Farre, M.P , Senior 
Physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and London Editor of the British Pharmacopoeia ; 
assisted hy Robert Bentley, M.R.C.S., Professor of Materia Medica and Botany to the 
Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain; and by Robert Warington, F.R.S., Chemical 
Operator to the Society of Apothecaries. With numerous additions and references to the 
United States Pharmacopoeia, by Horatio C. Wood, M.D., Professor of Botany in the 
University of Pennsylvania. In one large and handsome octavo volume of 1040 closely 
printed pages, with 236 illustrations, extra cloth, $7 00 ; leather, raised bands, $8 00 
The task of the American editor has evidently been 



no sinecure, for not only has he given to us all that 
Is contained in the abridgment useful for our pur- 
poses, but by a careful and judicious embodiment of 
o^er a hundred new remedies has increased the size 
of the former work fully one-third, besides adding 
many new illustrations, some of which are original. 
We unhesitatingly say that by so doing he has pro- 
portionately increased the value, not only of the con- 
densed edition, but has extended the applicability of 
the great original, and has placed his medical coun- 
trymen under lasting obligations to him. The Ame- 
rican physician now has all that is needed in the 
shape of a complete treatise on materia medica, and 
the medical student has a text-book which, for prac- 
tical utility and intrinsic worth, stands unparalleled. 
Although of considerable size, it is none too large for 
the purposes for which it has been intended, and every 
medical man should, in justice to himself, spare a 
place for it upon his book-shelf, resting assured that 
the more he consults it the better he will be satisfied 
of its excellence. — N. Y. Med. Record, Nov. 15, 1866. 

It will fill a place which no other work can occupy 
iu the library of the physician, student, and apothe- 
cary. — Boston Med. and Surg. Journal, Nov. 8, 1866. 

Of the many works on Materia Medica which have 
appeared since the issuing of the British Pharmaco- 



poeia, none will be more acceptable to the student 
and practitioner than the present. Pereira's Materia 
Medica had long ago asserted for itself the position of 
being the most complete work on the subject in the 
English language. But its very completeness stood 
in the way of its success. Except in the way of refer- 
ence, or to those who made a special study of Materia 
Medica, Dr. Pereira's work was too full, and its pe- 
rusal required an amount of time which few had at 
their disposal. Dr. Farre has very j adiciously availed 
himself of the opportunity of the publication of the 
new Pharmacopoeia, bybrinaringout an abridged edi- 
tion of the great work. This edition of Pereira is by 
no means a mere abridged re-issue, but contains many 
improvements, both in the descriptive and thera- 
peutical departments. We can recommend it as a 
very excellent and reliable text-book. — Edinburgh 
Med. Journal, February, 1866. 

The reader cannot fail to be impressed, at a glance, 
with the exceeding value of this work as a compend 
of nearly all useful knowledge on the materia medica. 
We are greatly indebted to Professor Wood for his 
adaptation of it to our meridian. Without his emen- 
dations and additions it would lose much of its value 
to the American student. With them it is an Ameri- 
can book. — Pacific Medical and Surgical Journal, 
December, 1866. 



]j]LLIS [BENJAMIN), M.D. 

THE MEDICAL FORMULARY: being a Collection of Prescriptions 

derived from the writings and practice of many of the most eminent physicians of America 
and Europe. Together with the usual Dietetic Preparations and Antidotes for Poisons. The 
whole accompanied with a few brief Pharmaceutic and Medical Observations. Twelfth edi- 
tion, carefully revised and much improved by Albert H. Smith, M. D. In one volume 8v®. 
of 376 pages, extra cloth, $3 00. {Lately Published.) 
This work has remained for some time out of print, owing to the anxious care with which the 
Editor has sought to render the present edition worthy a continuance of the very remarkable 
favor which has carried the volume to the unusual honor of a Twelfth Edition. He has sedu- 
lously endeavored to introduce in it all new preparations and combinations deserving of confidence, 
besides adding two new classes, Antemetics and Disinfectants, with brief references to the inhalation 
of atomized fluids, the nasal douche of Thudichum, suggestions upon the method of hypodermic 
injection, the administration of anaesthetics, &c. &<$. To accommodate these numerous additions, 
be has omitted much which the advance of science has rendered obsolete or of minor importance, 
notwithstanding which the volume has been increased by more than thirty pages. A new feature 
will be found in a copious Index of Diseases and their remedies, which cannot but increase the 
value of the work as a suggestive book of reference for the working practitioner. Every precaution 
has been taken to secure the typographical accuracy so necessary in a work of this nature, and it 
is hoped that the new edition will fully maintain the position which " Ellis' Formulary" has 
long occupied. 



fl ARSON {JOSEPH), M.D., 

**S Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacy in the University of Pennsylvania, &c. 

.SYNOPSIS OF THE COURSE OF LECTURES ON MATERIA 

MEDIGA AND PHARMACY, delivered in the University of Pennsylvania. With three 



Lectures on the Modus Operandi of Medicines. 
$3 00. 



Fourth and revised edition, extra cloth, 



DUNGLIS.ON'S NEW REMEDIES, WITH FORMULAE 
FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND ADMINISTRA- 
TION. Seventh edition, with extensive additions. 
One vol. Svo., pp. 770; extra cloth. $4 00. 

BOYLE'S MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEU- 
TICS. Edited by Joseph Carson, M. D. With 
ninety-eight illustrations. 1 vol. 8vo., pp. 700, ex- 
tra cloth. $3 00. 

CHRISTISON'S DISPENSATORY. With copious ad- 
ditions, and 213. large wood-engravings. By R. 



Eqlesfeld Griffith, M.D. One vol. Svo., pp. 1000 ; 
extra cloth. $4 00. 

CARPENTER'S PRIZE ESSAY ON THE USE OF 
Alcoholic Liquors in Health and Disease. New 
edition, with a Preface by D. F. Condie, M.D., and 
explanations of scientific words. In one neat 12mo. 
volume, pp. 178, extra cloth. 60 cents. 

De JONGH ON THE THREE KINDS OF COD-LITES 
Oil, with their Chemical and Therapeutic Pro- 
perties 1 vol. 12mo., cloth. 75 cents. 



14 



Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Pathology, &c). 



TflENWICK {SAMUEL), M.D., 

Assistant Physician to the London Hospital. 

THE STUDENT'S GUIDE TO MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS. From the 

Third Revised and Enlarged English Edition. With eighty-four illustrations on wood. 
In one very handsome volume, royal 12mo., cloth, $2 25. {Just Ready.) 

The very great success which this work has obtained in England, shows that it has supplied an 
admitted want among elementary books for the guidance of students and junior practitioners. 
Taking up'm order each portion of the body or class of disease, the author has endeavored to 
present in simple language the value of symptoms, so as to lead the student to a correct appreci- 
ation of the pathological changes indicated by them. The latest investigations have been care- 
fully introduced into the present edition, so that it may fairly be considered as on a level with 
the most advanced condition of medical science. The arrangement adopted may be seen from the 
subjoined 

CONDENSED SXJ3Viavr^.I^^- OIF CONTENTS. 

Cftapter I. Introductory. II. Diseases of the Heart and Pericardium- III. Diseases of the 
Lungs. IV. Diseases of the Throat and Larynx. V. Diseases of the Kidneys. VI. Diseases of 
the Liver. VII. Diseases of the Stomach. VIII. Diseases of the Peritoneum and Intestines. 
IX. Abdominal Tumors. X. Diseases of the Brain. XI. Fevers. XII. Rheumatism and Gout. 
XIII. Diseases of the Skin. 



G 



RE EN (T. HENRY), M.D., 

Lecturer on Pathology and Morbid Anatomy at Charing-Oross Hospital Medical School. 

PATHOLOGY AND MORBID ANATOMY. With numerous Illus- 
trations on Wood. In one very handsome octavo volume of over 250 pages, extra cloth, 

$2 50. (Lately Published.) 

thology and morbid anatomy. The author shows that 
he has been not only a student of the teachings of his 
confreres in this brunch of science, but a practical 
and conscientious laborer in the post-mortem cham- 
ber. The work will prove a useful one to the great 
mass of students and practitioners whose time for de- 
votion to this class of studies is limited. — Am. Journ. 
of Syphilography, April, 1S72. 



We have been very much pleased by our perusal of 
this little volume. It is the only one of the kind with 
which we are acquainted, and practitioners as well 
as students will find it a very useful guide ; for the 
information is up to the day, well and compactly ar- 
ranged, without being at all scanty. — London Lan- 
cet, Oct. 7, 1871. 

It embodies in a comparatively small space a clear 
statement of the present state of our knowledge of pa- 



GLUGE'S ATLAS OF PATHOLOGICAL HISTOLOGY. 
Translated, with Notes and Additions, by Josepk 
Leidt, M. D. In one volume, very large imperial 
quarto, with 320 copper-plate figures, plain and 
colored, extra cloth. $4 00. 

SIMON'S GENERAL PATHOLOGY, as conducive t< 
the Establishment of Rational Principles for th« 
Prevention and Cure of Disease. In one octavo 
volume of 212 pages, extra cloth. $1 25. 

SOLLY ON THE HUMAN BRAIN ; its Structure, Phy- 
siology, and Diseases. From the Second and much 
enlarged London edition. In one octavo volume of 
500 pages, with 120 wood-cuts; extra cloth. $2 50. 

LA ROCHE ON YELLOW FEVER, considered in its 
Historical, Pathological, Etiological, and Therapeu- 



tical Relations. In two large and handsome octavo 
volumes of nearly 1500 pages, extra cloth. $7 00. 

HOLLAND'S MEDICAL NOTES AND REFLEC- 
TIONS. 1 vol. Svo., pp. 500, extra cloth. $3 50. 

WHAT TO OBSERVE AT THE BEDSIDE AND AFTER 
Death in Medical Cases. Published under the 
authority of the London Society for Medical Obser- 
vation. From the second London edition. 1 vol. 
royal 12mo., extra cloth. $1 00. 

LAYCOCK'S LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES 
and Methods of Medical Observation and Re- 
search. For the use of advanced students and 
junior pi-actitioners. In one very neat royal 12mo, 
volume, extra cloth. $1 00. 



G 



ROSS (SAMUEL D.), M. D., 

Professor of Surgery in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. 

ELEMENTS OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY. Third edition, 

thoroughly revised and greatly improved. In one large and very handsome octavo volume 
of nearly 800 pages, with about three hundred and fifty beautiful illustrations, of whioh a 
large number are from original drawings ; extra cloth. $4 00. 



TONES (C. HANDFIELD), F.R.S., and SIEVEKINO {ED. H. 

*J Assistant Physicians and Lecturers in St. Mary's Hospital. 



M.D., 

Assistant Physi 

A MANUAL OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY. First American 

edition, revised. With three hundred and ninety-seven handsome wood engravings. In 
one large and beautifully printed octavo volume of nearly 750 pages, extra cloth, $3 50. 

CfTUR&ES (OCT A VI US), MJ). Cantab. 
O , . How of tf>e R<n!<ii Coih ge of PhyHciana, &c, &c. 

AX INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF CLINICAL MED- 

[CINE, feeing a Guide to the Investigation of Disease, for the Use of Students.' In one 

liaml.-oiiic 12X00. volume, extra cloth, $1 25, (Noiv Ready.) / 

Tablk or Contknts. I. The Sort of Help needed by the Student at the Bedside. IT. Some 

.1 Rules with Helen uce to the Examination of Patients. III. The Family and Personal 

. of the Pntiemt. IV. Examination of the Functions, V. Examination of the Phenomena 

connected with the Brain and Cord V I . The Physical Examination of the Chest, its Inspection 

and Palpation. Vil. Percussion Applied to the Heart and Lungs. V7IL Auscultation of the 

Client. IX. Examination of the Abdomen'and of the Secretions. X. The Diagnosis. XI. The 

Treatment. 



Henry Lea's Publications — (Practice of Medicine). 



15 



JPLINT {AUSTIN), M.D., 

*- Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine in Bellevue Med. College, N. Y. 

A TREATISE ON THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF 

MEDICINE ; designed for the use of Students and Practitioners of Medicine. Fourth 
edition, revised and enlarged. In one large and closely printed octavo volume of about 1100 
pages ; handsome extra cloth, $6 00 ; or strongly bound in leather, with raised bands, $7 00. 
(Just Isstted.) 

By common consent of the English and American medical press, this work has bejm assigned 
to the highest position as a complete and compendious text-book on the most advanced condition 
of medical science. At the very moderate price at which it is offered it will be found one of the 
cheapest volumes now before the profession. 



Admirable and unequalled.- 
Medicine, Nov. 1869. 



■Western Journal of 



Dr. Flint's work, though claiming no higher title 
than that of a text-book, is really more. He is a man 
of large clinical experience, and his book is full of 
such masterly descriptions of disease as can only be 
drawn by a man intimately acquainted with their 
various forms. It is not so long since we had the 
pleasure of reviewing his first edition, and we recog- 
nize a great improvement, especially in the general 
part of the work. It is a work which we ca'h cordially 
recommend to our readers as fully abreast of the sci- 
ence of the day. — Edinburgh Med. Journal, Oct. '69. 

One of the best works of the kind for the practi- 
tioner, and the most convenient of all for the student. 
—Am. Journ. Med. Sciences, Jan. 1869. 

This work, which stands pre-eminently as the ad- 
vance standard of medical science up to the present 
time in the practice of medicine, has for its author 
one who is well and widely known as one of the 
leading practitioners of this continent. In fact, it is 
seldom that any work is ever issued from the press 
more deserving of universal recommendation. — Do- 
minion Med. Journal, May, 1869. 

The third edition of this most excellent book scarce- 
ly needs any commendation from us. The volume, 
as it stands now, is really a marvel: first of all, it is 



sxcellently printed and bound — and we encounter 
that luxury of America, the ready-cut pages, which 
the Yankees are 'cute enough to insist upon — nor are 
these by any means trifles ; but the contents of the 
book are astonishing. Not only is it wonderful that 
iny one man can have grasped in his mind the whole 
scope of medicine with that vigor which Dr. Flint 
shows, bat the condensed yet clear way in which 
this is done is a perfect literary triumph. Dr. Flint 
-s pre-eminently one of the strong men, whose right 
:o da this kind of thing is well admitted ; and we say 
ao more than the truth when we affirm that he is 
very nearly the only living man that could do it with 
rach results as the volume before us. — The London 
Practitioner, Alarch, 1869. 

This is in some respects the best text-book of medi- 
cine in our language, and it is highly appreciated on 
the other side of the Atlantic, inasmuch as the first 
edition was exhausted in a few months. The second 
edition was little more than a reprint, but the present 
has, as the author says, been thoroughly revised. 
Much valuable matter has been added, and by mak- 
ing the type smaller, the bulk of the volume is not 
much increased. The weak point in many American 
works is pathology, but Dr. Flint has taken peculiar 
pains on this point, greatly to the value of the book. 
—London Med. Times and Gazette, Feb. 6, 1869. 



BARLOW'S MANUAL OF THE PRACTICE OF I TODD'S CLINICAL LECTUEES ON CERTAIN ACUTE 
MEDICINE. With Additions by D. F. Condib, Diseases. In one neat octavo volume, of 320 pages, 
M. D. 1 vol. 8vo., pp. 600, cloth. $2 50. I extra cloth. $2 50. 



^AVY{F. W.),31.D.,F.R.S., 

Senior Asst. Physician to and Lecturer on Physiology, at Guy's Hospital, &c. 

A TREATISE ON THE FUNCTION OF DIGESTION; its Disor- 

ders and their Treatment. From the second London edition. In one handsome volume, 
small octavo, extra cloth, $2 00. (Lately Published.) 



The work before us is one which deserves a wide 
circulation. "We know of no better guide to the study 
of digestion and its disorders. — St. Louis Med. and 
Surg. Journal, July 10, 1869. 

A thoroughly good book, being a careful systematic 



treatise, and sufficiently exhaustive for all practical 
purposes. — Leavenworth Med. Herald, July, 1889. 

A very valuable work on the subject of which it 
treats. Small, yet it is full of valuable information. 
— Cincinnati Med. Repertory, June, 1869. 



TDRINTON {WILLIAM), M.I)., F.R.S. 

•^LECTURES ON THE DISEASES OF THE STOMACH; with an 

Introduction on its Anatomy and Physiology. Erom the second and enlarged London edi- 
tion. With illustrations on wood. In one handsome octavo volume of about 300 
extra cloth. $3 25. 



pHAMBERS {T. K.), M.D., 

v-^ Consulting Physician to St. Mary's Hospital, London, Sec. 

THE INDIGESTIONS; or, Diseases of the Digestive Organs Functionally 

Treated. Third andrevised Edition. In one handsome octavo volume of 333 pages, extra 

cloth. $3 00. {Lately Published.) 

So very large a proportion of the patients applying merit, we know of no more desirable acquisition to 

to every general practitioner suffer from some form a physician's library than the book before us. He 

of indigestion, that whatever aids him in their man- who should commit its contents to his memory would 

agement directly "puts money in his purse," and in- find its price an investment of capital that returned 

directly does more than anything else to advance his him a most usurious rate of interest. — N. Y Medical 

reputation with the public. From this purely mate- Gazette, Jan. 28, 1871. 
rial point of view, setting aside its higher claims to 



TOY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Lately Published) 

RESTORATIVE MEDICINE. An Harveian Annual Oration, deliv- 

ered at the Royal College of Physicians, London, on June 24, 1871. With Two Sequels. 
In one very handsome volume, small 12mo., extra cloth, $1 00. 



16 



Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Practice of Medicine). 



LTARTSHORNE {HENRY), M.D., 

■*■■*- Professor of Hygiene in the University of Pennsylvania. 

ESSENTIALS OF THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MEDI- 

CINE. A handy-book for Students and Practitioners. Third edition, revised and im- 
proved. In one handsome royal 12mo. volume of 487 pages, clearly printed on small type, 
cloth, $2 38; half bound, $2 63. {Just Issued.) 
The very remarkable favor which has been bestowed upon this work, as manifested in the ex- 
haustion of^two large editions within four years, shows that it has successfully supplied a want 
felt by both student and practitioner of a volume which at a moderate price and in a convenient 
size should afford a clear and compact view of the most modern teachings in medical practice. 
In preparing the work for a third edition, the author has sought to maintain its character by very 
numerous additions, bringing it fully up to the science of the day, but so concisely framed that 
the size of the volume is increased only by thirty or forty pages. The extent of the new informa- 
tion thus introduced may be estimated by the fact that there have been two hundred and sixty 
separate additions made to the text, containing references to one hundred and eighty new authors. 



This little epitome of medical knowledge has al- 
ready been noticed by us. It is a vade mecuin of 
value, including'in a short space most of what is es- 
sential in the science and practice of medicine. The 
third edition is well up to the present day in the 
modern methods of treatment, aud in the use of newly 
discovered drugs.— Boston Med. and Surg. Journal, 
Oct. 19, 1S71. 

Certainly very few volumes contain so much pre- 
cise information within so small a compass. — N. Y. 
Med. Journal, Nov. 1871. 

The diseases are conveniently classified; symptoms, 
causation, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment are 
carefully considered, the whole being marked by 
briefness, but clearness of expression. Over 250 for- 



mulas are appended, intended as examples merely, 
not as guides for unthinking practitioners. A com- 
plete index facilitates the use of this little volume, i n 
which all important remedies lately introduced, such 
as chloral hydrate and carbolic acid, have received 
their full share of attention. — Am. Journ. of Pharm., 
Nov. 1871. 

It is an epitome of the whole science and practice 
of medicine, and will be found most valuable to the 
practitioner for easy reference, and especially to the 
student in attendance upon lectures, whose time is 
too much occupied with many studies, to consult the 
larger works. Such a work must always be in great 
demand. — Cincinnati Med. Repertory, Nov. 1871. 



W: 



A TSON ( THOMAS), M. D., §•<;. 

LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF 

PHYSIC. Delivered at King's College, London. A new American, from the Fifth re- 
vised and enlarged English edition. Edited, with additions, and several hundred illus- 
trations, by Henry Hartshorne, M.D., Professor of Hygiene in the University of Penn- 
sylvania. In two large and handsome 8vo. vols. Cloth, $9 00; leather, $11 00. (Just Issued.) 



At length, after many months of expectation, we 
have the satisfaction of finding ourselves this week in 
possession of a revised and enlarged edition of Sir 
Thomas Watson's celebrated Lectures. It is a sub- 
ject for congratulation and for thankfulness that Sir 
Thomas Watson, during a period of comparative lei- 
sure, after a long, laborious, and most honorable pro- 
fessional career, while retaining full possession of his 
high mental faculties, should have employed the op- 
portunity to submit his Lectures to a more thorough 
revision than was possible during the earlier aud 
busier period of his life. Carefully passing iu review 
some of the most intricate and important pathological 
and practical questions, the results of his clear insight 
and hiscalm judgment are now recorded for the bene- 
fit of mankind, in language which, for precision, vigor, 
and classical elegance, has rarely been equalled, and 
never surpassed The revision has evidently been 
most carefully done, and the results appear iu almosl 
every page — Brit. Med. Jotirn., Oct. 14, 1871. 

The lectures are so well known aud so justly 
appreciated, that it is scarcely necessary to do 
more than call attention to the special advantages 
Of the last over previous editions. In the revi- 
81 ,n, the author has displayed all the charms and 



advantages of great culture and a ripe experience 
combined with the soundest judgment and sin- 
cerity of purpose. The author's rare combination 
of great scientific attainments combined with won- 
derful forensic eloquence has exerted extraordinary 
influence over the last two generations of physicians. 
His clinical descriptions of most diseases have never 
been equalled ; and on this score at least his work 
will live long in the future. The work will be 
sought by all who appreciate a great book. — Amer. 
Journal of Syphilograpliy, July, 1872. 

We are exceedingly gratified at the reception of 
this new edition of Watson, pre-eminently the prince 
of English authors, on "Practice." We, who read 
the first edition as it came to us tardily and in frag- 
ments through the "Medical News and Library," 
shall never forget the great pleasure and profit we 
derived from its graphic delineations of disease, its 
vigorous style and splendid English. Maturity of 
years, extensive observation, profound research, 
and yet continuous enthusiasm, have combined to 
give us in this latest edition a model of professional 
excellence in teaching with rare beauty iu the mode 
of communication. Hut this classic needs uo eulo- 
gium of ours. — Chieayo Med. Journ., July, 1872. 



f)UNGLISON, FORBES, TWEEDIE, AND GONOLLY. 

THE CYCLOPAEDIA OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE: comprising 

Treatises on the Nature and Treatment of Diseases, Materia Medica and Therapeutics, 
Diseases of Women and Children, Medical Jurisprudence, &c. &o. In four large super-royal 
octavo volumes, of 3264 double-columned pages, strongly and handsomely bound in leather, 
$10; extra cloth. $11. 
*%*■ This work contains no less than four hundred and eighteen distinct treatises, contributed 
sixty-eight distinguished physicians. 

POX ( WILSON), .')/./>., 

J- Holme Pmf, of clinical Mid., University Coll., London. 

THE DISEASES OV THE STOMACH: Being the Third Edition of 

the "Diagnosis and Treatment of the Varieties of Dyspepsia." Revised and Enlarged. 
With illustrations. In one handsome octavo volume. 
iff,.* Publishing in the "Medical Nkws and Library" for 1873 and 1874. 

teditl r Dr Wllaon Fox's very ad mi« I Pr. Pox has rut forth a volume of uncommon «• 

tablework differi fi<>m ibe preceding in thai it deala celleace, which we feel very sure will take a btgh 
w ,,, tber maladies than dy«pep»la only.— London r;mi< among works that treat of the »tomach. — Am. 
Med. Timet, Pel). 8, 1873. | Practitioner, March, 1873. 



Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Diseases of Lungs and Heart). 17 



JPLINT {AUSTIN), M.D., 

*- Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine in Bellevue Hospital Med. College, K Y. 

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DIAGNOSIS, PATHOLOGY, 

AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE HEART. Second revised and enlarged 

edition. In one octavo volume of 550 pages, with a plate, extra cloth, $4. (Just Isstied.) 

The author has sedulously improved the opportunity afforded him of revising this work. Portions 

of it have been rewritten, and the whole brought up to a level with the most advanced condition of 

science. It must therefore continue to maintain its position as the standard treatise on the subject. 

Dr. Flint chose a difficult subject for his researches, j able for purposes of illustration, in connection with 

and has shown remarkable powers of observation cases which have been reported by other trustworthy 

r - J .-Chirurg. Review. 



and reflection, as well as great industry, in his trea 
ment of it. His book must be considered the fullest 
and clearest practical treatise on those subjects, and 
should be in the hands of all practitioners and stu- 
dents. It is a credit to American medical literature. 
— Amer. Journ. of the Med. Sciences, July, 1S60. 

We question the fact of any recent American author 
In our profession being more extensively known, or 
more deservedly esteemed in this country than Dr. 
Flint. We willingly acknowledge his success, more 
particularly in the volume on diseases of the heart, 
In making an extended personal clinical study avail- 



observers. — Brit, and For. 

In regard to the merits of the work, we have no 
hesitation in pronouncing it full, accurate, and judi- 
cious. Considering the present state of science, such 
a work was much needed. It should be in the hands 
of every practitioner. — Chicago Med. Journ. 

With more than pleasure do we hail the advent of 
this work, for it fills a wide gap on the list of text- 
books for our schools, and is, for the practitioner, the 
most valuable practical work of its kind. — N. 0. Med. 
News. 



DF THE SAME AUTHOR. 

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE PHYSICAL EXPLORA- 
TION OF THE CHEST AND THE DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES AFFECTING THE 
RESPIRATORY ORGANS. Second and revised edition. In one handsome octavo volume 
of 595 pages, extra cloth, $4 50. 

which pervades his whole work lend an additional 
force to its thoroughly practical character, which 
cannot fail to obtain for it a place as a standard work 
on diseases of the respiratory system. — London 
Lancet, Jan. 19, 1867. 

This is an admirable book. Excellent in detail and 
execution, nothing better could be desired by the 
practitioner. Dr. Flint enriches his subject with 
much solid and not a little original observation — 
Ranking' s Abstract, Jan. 1867. 



Dr. Flint's treatise i6 one of the most trustworthy 
guides which he can consult. The style is clear and 
distinct, and is also concise, being free from that tend- 
ency to over-refinement and unnecessary minuteness 
which characterizes many works on the same sub- 
ject.— Dublin Medical Press, Feb. 6, 1867. 

The chapter on Phthisis is replete with interest ; 
and his remarks on the diagnosis, especially in the 
early stages, are remarkable for their acumen and 
great practical value. Dr. Flint's style is ciear and 
elegant, and the tone of freshness and originality 



FULLER {HENRY WILLIAM), 31. D., 

-*• Physician to St. George's Hospital, London. 

ON DISEASES OF THE LUNGS AND AIR-PASSAGES. Their 

Pathology, Physical Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Treatment. From the second and revised 
English edition. In one handsome octavo volume of about 500 pages, extra cloth, $3 50. 

Dr. Fuller's work on diseases of the chest was so i accordingly we have what might be with perfect jus- 
tice styled an entirely new work from his pen, the 
portion of the work treating of the heart and great 
vessels being excluded. Nevertheless, this volume is 
of almost equal size with the first. — London Medical 
Times and Gazette, July 2C, 1867. 



favorably received, that to many who did not know 
the extent of his engagements, it was a matter of won- 
der that it should be allowed to remain three years 
out of print. Determined, however, to improve it, 
Dr. Fuller would not consent to a mere reprint, and 



w 



1LLIAMS [C. J. B.), M.D., 

Senior Consulting Physician to the Hospital for Consumption, Brompton, and 

LLIAMS {CHARLES T.), M.I)., 

Physician to the Hospital for Consumption. 

PULMONARY CONSUMPTION; Its Nature, Varieties, and Treat- 
ment. With an Analysis of One Thousand cases to exemplify its duration. In one neat 
octavo volume of about 350 pages, extra cloth. (Just Issued.) $2 50. 



He can still speak from a more enormous experi- 
ence, and a closer study of the morbid processes in- 
volved iu tuberculosis, than mo6t living men. He 
owed it to himself, and to the importance of the sub- 
ject, to embody his views in a separate work, and 
we are glad that he has accomplished this duty. 
After all, the grand teaching which Dr Williams has 
for the profession is to be found in his therapeutical 
chapters, and in the history of individual cases ex- 
tended, by dint of care, over ten, twenty, thirty, and 
6ven forty years.— London Lancet, Oct. 21, 1871. 

His results are more favorable than those of any 



previous author; but probably there is no malady, 
the treatment of which has been so much improved 
within the last twenty years as pulmonary consump- 
tion. To ourselves, Dr. Williams's chapters on Treat- 
ment are amongst the most valuable and attractive in 
the book, and would alone render it a standard work 
of reference. In conclusion, we would record our 
opinion that Dr. Williams's great reputation is fully 
maintained by this book. It is undoubtedly one of 
the most valuable works in the language upon any 
special disease.— Lond. Med. Times and Gaz., Nov 
4, 1871. 



LA ROCHE ON PNEUMONIA. 1 vol. 8vo., extra 
cloth, of 500 pages. Price $3 00. 

BUCKLER ON FIBRO-BRONCHITIS AND RHEU- 
MATIC PNEUMONIA. 1 vol. Svo. $1 25. 

FISKE FUND PRIZE ESSAYS ON CONSUMPTION. 
1 vol 8vo,, extra cloth. $1 00. 



SMITH ON CONSUMPTION; ITS EARLY ANDRE- 
MEDIABLE STAGES. 1 vol. 8vo., pp. 254. $2 25. 

WALSHE ON THE DISEASES OF THE HEART AND 
GREAT VESSELS. Third American edition. In 
1 vol. Svo., 420 pp., cloth. $3 00. 



18 



Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Practice of Medicine). 



ftOBERTS ( WILLIAM), M. D., 

*■ ** Lecturer on Medicine, in the Manchester School of Medicine, &c. 

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON URINARY AND RENAL DIS- 

EASES, including Urinary Deposits. Illustrated by numerous cases and engraving Sec- 

ond American, from the Second Revised and Enlarged London Edition. Tn one large 

and handsome octavo volume of 616 pages, with a colored plate ; extra cloth, $4 50. (Just 

Issued.) 

The author has subjected this work to a very thorough revision, and has sought to embody in 

it the results of the latest experience and investigations. Although every effort has been made 

to keep it within the limits of its former size, it has been enlarged by a hundred pages, many 

new wood-cuts have been introduced, and also a colored plate representing the appearance of the 

different varieties of urine, while the price has been retained at the former very moderate rate. 

In every respect it is therefore presented as worthy to maintain the position which it has acquired 

as a leading authority on a large, important, and perplexing class of affections. A few notices 

of the first edition are appended. 



The plan, it will thus be seen, is very complete, 
aril the maimer in -which it lias been carried out is 
in the highest degree satisfactory. The characters 
of the different deposits are very well described, and 
the microscopic appearances they present are illus- 
trated by numerous well executed eugravings It 
only remains to us to strongly recommend to our 
readers Dr. Roberts's work, as couiaining an admira- 
ble resume of the present state of knowledge of uri- 
nary diseases, and as a safe and reliable guide to the 
clinical observer. — Edin. Med. Jour. 

The most complete and practical treatise upon renal 



diseases we have examined. It is peculiarly adapted 
to the wants of the majority of American practition- 
ers from its clearness Hud simple announcement of the 
facts in relation to diagnosis and treatment of urinary 
disorders, and contains in condensed form the investi- 
gations of Bence Jones, Bird, Beale, Hassall, Prout, 
and a host of other well-known writers upon this sub- 
ject. The characters of urine, physiological aud pa- 
thological, as indicated to the naked eye as well as by 
microscopical and chemical investigations, are con- 
cisely represented both by description and by well 
executed engravings.— Cincinnati Journ. of Med. 



-DASH AM (W.R.), M.D., 

J-* Senior Physician to the Westminster Hospital, &c. 

RENAL DISEASES : a Clinical Guide to their Diagnosis and Treatment. 

With illustrations. In one neat royal 12mo. volume of 304 pages. $2 00. 



The chapters on diagnosis aud treatment are very 
good, and the student and young practitioner will 
find them full of valuable practical hints. The third 
part, on the urine, is excellent, and we cordially 
recommend its perusal. The author has arranged 
his matter in a somewhat novel, and, we think, use- 
ful form. Here everything can be easily found, and, 
what is more important, easily read, for all the dry 
details of larger books here acquire a new interest 
from the author's arrangement. This part of the 
book is full of good work.— Brit, and For. Medico- 
Chirurgical Review, July, 1870. 

The easy descriptions and compact modes of state- 



ment render the book pleasing and convenient. — Am. 
Journ. Med. Sciences, July, 1870. 

A book that we believe will be found a valuable 
assistant to the practitioner and guide to the student. 
— Baltimore Med. Journal, July, 1870. 

The treatise of Dr. Basham differs from the rest in 
its special adaptation to clinical study, and its con- 
densed and almost aphorismal style, which makes it 
easily read aud easily understood. Besides, the 
author expresses some new views, which are well 
worthy of consideration. The volume is a valuable 
addition to this department of knowledge. — Pacific 
Med. and Surg. Journal, July, 1870. 



MORLAND ON RETENTION IN THE BLOOD OP THE ELEMENTS OF THE URINARY SECRETION. 
1 vol. 8vo., extra cloth. 75 cents. 

TONES (C. HANDFIELD), M. D., 

*S Physician to St. Mary's Hospital, &c. 

CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS 

DISORDERS. Second American Edition. 

extra cloth, $3 25. 
Taken as a whole, the work before ns furnishes a 
short but reliable account of the pathology and treat- 
ment of a class of very common but certainly highly 
obscure disorders. Theadvauced student will find it 
a rich mine of valuable facts, while the medical prac- 
titioner will derive from it many a suggestive hint to 
aid him in the diagnosis of "nervous cases," and in 
determining the true indications for their ameliora- 
tion or cure.— Amer. Journ. Med. Sci., Jan. 1867. 



ON FUNCTIONAL NERVOUS 

In one handsome octavo volume of 348 pages, 

We must cordially recommend it to the profession 
of this country as supplying, in a great measure, a 
deficiency which exists in the medical literature of 
the English language.— New York Med. Journ., April, 
1867. 

The volume is a most admirable one— full of hints 
and practical suggestions. — Canada Med. Journal, 
April, 1867. 



S 



LADE (D. />.), M.D. 

DI PIITIIERIA ; its Nature and Treatment, with an account of the His- 
tory of its Prevalence in various Countries. Second and revised edition. In one neat 
royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth. $1 25. 



TTUDSON{A.)\ M. />., /I/. B. I.A., 

■*--*- Physician to the Neath Hospital. 

LECTURES ON THE STUDY 

Cloth, $2 50. 



OF FEVER. In one vol. 8vo., extra 



TYONS {ROBERT D.), 



K. C. C. 



A TREATISE ON FEVER; or, Selections from a Course of Lectures 

on Fover. Being part of a Course of Theory and Praotieo of Medicine. In one neat octavo 
volume, of 362 pages, extra cloth. $2 2ft. 



Henry C. Lea's Publications — ( Venereal Diseases, etc.). 



19 



T>UMSTEAD {FREEMAN J.), M.D., 

J-* Professor of Venereal Diseases at the Col. of Phys. and Surg., New York, &c. 

THE PATHOLOGY AXD TREATMENT OF VENEREAL DIS- 

EASES. Including the results of recent investigations upon the subject. Third edition, 

revised and enlarged, with illustrations. In one large and handsome octavo volume of 

over 700 pages, extra cloth, $5 00; leather, $6 00. {Just Issued.) 

In preparing this standard work again for the press, the author has subjected it to a very 

thorough revision. Many portions have been rewritten, and much new matter added, in order to 

bring it completely on a level with the most advanced condition of syphilography, but by careful 

compression of the text of previous editions, the work has been increased by only sixty-four pages. 

The labor thus bestowed upon it, it is hoped, will insure for it a continuance of its position as a 

complete and trustworthy guide for the practitioner. 

It is the most complete book with which we are ac- 
quainted in the language. The latest views of the 
best authorities are put forward, and the information 
is well arranged — a great point for the student, and 
still more for the practitioner. The subjects of vis- 
ceral syphilis, syphilitic affections of the eyes, and 
the treatment of syphilis by repeated inoculations, are 
very fully discussed. — London Lancet, Jan. 7, 1S71. 



Dr. Bumstead's work is already so universally 
known as the best treatise in the English language on 
venereal diseases, that it may seem almost superflu- 
ous to say more of it than that a new edition has been 
issued. But the author's industry has rendered this 
new edition virtually a new work, and so merits as 



(1ULLERIER {A.), and 

v Surgeon to the Hdpital du 3fidi. 



much special commendation as if its predecessors had 
not been published. As a thoroughly practical book 
on a class of diseases which form a large share Oi 
nearly every physician's practice, the volume before 
us is bv far the best of which we have knowledge. — 
If. Y. Medical Gazette, Jan. 28, 1871. 

It is rare in the history of medicine to find any one 
book which contains all that a practitioner needs to 
know; while the possessor of "Bumstead on Vene- 
real" has no occasion to look outside of its covers for 
anything practical connected with the diagnosis, his- 
tory, or treatment of these affections. — If. Y. Medical 
Journal, March, 1871. 



'OUMSTEAD {FREEMAN J.), 

-*-* Professor of Venerea I Diseases in the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons, If. Y. 

AX ATLAS OF YEXEREAL DISEASES. Translated and Edited by 

Freeman J. Bumstead. In cne large imperial 4to. volume of 328 pages, double-columns, 
with 26 plates, containing about 150 figures,, beautifully colored, many of them the size of 
life; strongly bound in extra cloth, $17 00 ; also, in five parts, stout wrappers for mailing, at 
$3 per part. (Lately Published.) 
Anticipating a very large sale for this work, it is offered at the very low price of Three Dol- 
lars a Part, thus placing it within the reach of all who are interested in this department of prac- 
tice. Gentlemen desiring early impressions of the plates would do well to order it without delay. 
A specimen of the plates and text sent free by mail, on receipt of 25 cents. 
We wish for once that our province was not restrict- 
ed to methods of treatment, that we might say some- 
thing of the exquisite colored plates in this volume. 
— London Practitioner, May, 1S69. 

As a whole, it teaches all that can be taught by 
means of plates and print. — London Lancet, March 
13, 1869. 

Superior to anything of the kind ever before issued 
on this continent. — Canada Med. Journal, March, '69. 

The practitioner who desires to understand this 
branch of medicine thoroughly should obtain this, 
the most complete and best work ever published. — 
Dominion Med. Journal, May, 1S69. 

This is a work of master hands on both sides. M. 
Cullerier is scarcely second to, we think we may truly 
say is a peer of the illustrious and venerable Ricord, 
while in this country we do not hesitate to say that 
Dr. Bumstead, as an authority, is without a rival. 
Assuring our readers that these illustrations tell the 
whole history of venereal disease, from its inception 
to its end, we do not know a single medical work, 



which for its kind is more necessary for them to have. 
—California Med. Gazette, March, 1S69. 

The most splendidly illustrated work in the lan- 
guage, and in our opinion far more useful than the 
French original. — Am. Journ. Med. Sciences, Jan. '69. 

The fifth and concluding number of this magnificent 
work has reached us, and we have no hesitation in 
saying that its illustrations surpass those of previous 
numbers. — Boston Med. and Surg. Journal, Jan. 14, 
1869. 

Other writers besides M. Cullerier have given us a 
good account of the diseases of which he treats, but 
no one has furnished us with such a complete series 
of illustrations of the venereal diseases. There is, 
however, an additional interest and value possessed 
by the volume before us ; for it is an American reprint 
and translation of M. Cullerier's work, with inci- 
dental remarks by one of the most eminent American 
syphilographers, Mr. Bumstead. — Brit, and For. 
Medico-Chir. Review, July, 1869. 



TTILL {BERKELEY), 

•^ Surgeon to the Lock Hospital, London. 

OX SYPHILIS AXD LOCAL COXTAGIOUS DISORDERS. 

one handsome octavo volume : extra cloth, $3 25. (Lately Published.) 

Bringing, as it does, the entire literature of the dis- 
ease down to the present day, and giving with great 
ability the results of modern research, it is in every 
respect a most desirable work, and one which should 
find a place in the library of every surgeon. — Cali- 
fornia Med. Gazette, June, 1869. 

Considering the scope of the book and the careful 
attention to the manifold aspects and details of its 
subject, it is wonderfully concise. All these qualities 
render it an especially valuable book to the beginner, 



In 



to whom we would most earnestly recommend its 
study ; while it is no less useful to the practitioner.— 
St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal, May, 1S69. 

The most convenient and ready book of reference 
we have met with.— N. Y. Med. Record, May 1, ] 869. 

Most admirably arranged for both student and prac- 
titioner, no other work on the subject equals it ; it is 
more simple, more easily studied.— Buffalo Med. and 
Surg. Journal, March, 1869. 



gEISSL 



H.), M.D. 

A COMPLETE TREATISE OX YEXEREAL DISEASES. Trans- 
lated from the Second Enlarged German Edition, by Frederic R. Sturgis, M.D. In one 

(Preparing.) 



octavo volume, with illustrations. 



\ 



20 



Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Diseases of the Skin). 



UTILSON (ERASMUS), F.E.S. 

ON DISEASES OF THE SKIN. With Illustrations on wood. Sev- 

enth American, from the sixth and enlarged English edition. In one large octavo volume 
of over 800 pages, $5. 

A SERIES OF PLATES ILLUSTRATING "WILSON ON DIS- 
EASES OF THE SKIN;" consisting of twenty beautifully executed plates, of which thir- 
teen are exquisitely colored, presenting the Normal Anatomy and Pathology of the Skin, 
and embracing accurate representations of about one hundred varieties of disease, most of 
them the size of nature. Price, in extra cloth, $5 50. 

Also, the Text and Plates, bound in one handsome volume. Extra cloth, $10. ' 

No one treating skin diseases should be without 
a copy of this standard work. — Canada Lancet, 
iugust, 1863. 

We can safely recommend it to the profession as 
the best work on the subject now in existence in 
the English language. — Medical Times and Gazette. 



Such a work as the one before us is a most capital 
and acceptable help. Mr. Wilson has long been held 
as high authority in this department of medicine, and 
his book on diseases of the skin has long been re- 
garded as one o: the best text-books extant on the 
subject. The present edition is carefully prepared, 
and brought up in its revision to the present time. In 
this edition we have also included the beautiful series 
of plates illustrative of the text, and in the last edi- 
tion published separately. There are twenty of these 
plates, nearly all of them colored to nature, and ex- 
hibiting with great fidelity the various groups of 
diseases. — Ginainnati Lancet. 



Mr. Wilson's volume is an excellent digest of the 
actual amount of knowledge of cutaneous diseases ; 
it includes almost every fact or opinion of importance 
connected with the anatomy and pathology of the 
skin. — British and Foreign Medical Review. 



fiY THE SAME AUTHOR. 

THE STUDENT'S BOOK OF CUTANEOUS MEDICINE and Dis- 
eases of the skin. In one very handsome royal 12mo. volume. $3 50. (Lately Isszced.) 



J^JELIGAN [J. MOORE), M.D., M.R.I. A. 

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 

Fifth American, from the second and enlarged Dublin edition by T. W. Belcher, M. D. 

In one neat royal 12mo. volume of 462 pages, extra cloth. $2 25. 
Fully equal to all the requirements of students and 
young practitioners. — Dublin Med. Press. 

Of the remainder of the work we have nothing be- 



'heir value justly estimated; in a word, the work is 
fully up to the times, and is thoroughly stocked with 
most valuable information. — New York Med. Record, 
Jan. 15, 1867. 

The most convenient manual of diseases of the 
skin that can be procured by the student. — Chicago 
Med. Journal, Dec. 18C6. 



yond unqualified commendation to offer. It is so far 
the most complete one of its size that has appeared, 
and for the student there can be none which can com- 
pare with it in practical value. All the late disco- 
veries in Dermatology have been duly noticed, and 
£Y THE SAME AUTHOR. 

ATLAS OF CUTANEOUS DISEASES. In one beautiful quarto 

volume, with exquisitely colored plates, &c, presenting about one hundred varieties of 
Extra cloth, $5 50. 



The diagnosis of eruptive disease, however, under 
all circumstances, is very difficult. Nevertheless, 
Dr. Neligan has certainly, "as far as possible," given 
a faithful and accurate representation of this class of 
diseases, and there can be no doubt that these plates 
will be of great use to the student and practitioner in 
drawing a diagnosis a6 to the class, order, and species 
to which the particular case may belong. While 
iookiDg over the "Atlas" we have been induced to 
examine also the "Practical Treatise," and we are 



inclined to consider it a very superior work, com- 
bining accurate verbal description with sound views 
of the pathology and treatment of eruptive diseases. 
— Glasgow Med. Journal. 

A compend which will very much aid the practi- 
tioner in this difficult branch of diagnosis Taken 
with the beautiful plates of the Atlas, which are re- 
markable for their accuracy and beauty of coloring, 
it constitutes a very valuable addition to the library 
of a practical man. — Buffalo Med. Journal. 



TJILLIER [THOMAS), M.D., 

-*■-*■ Physician to the Skin Department of University College Hospital, &c. 

HAND-BOOK OF SKIN DISEASES, for Students and Practitioners. 

Second American Edition. In one royal 12mo. volume of 358 pp. With Illustrations. 
Extra cloth, $2 25. 

We can conscientiously recommend it to the stu- 
dent; the style is clear and pleasant to read, the 
Batter is good, and the descriptions of disease, with 
hid modes <>f treatment reoommended, are frequently 
Illustrated with wcdl-recorded cases. — London Med. 
Timet; awl Gazette, April 1, 1865. 



It is a concise, plain, practical treatise on the vari- 
ous diseases of the skia ; just such a work, indeed, 
as was much needed, both by medical students and 
practitioners. — Chicago Medical Examiner, May, 
1865. 



A NDERSON [McCALL), M.D., 

•*■*- Physician to the Dispensary for Skin Diseases, Glasgow, &c. 

ON THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE SKIN. With an 

Analysis of Eleven Thousand Consecutive Cases. In one vol. 8vo. $1. (Just Ready.) 

The very practical diameter of this work and the extensive experience of the author, cannot 

fail to render it acceptable to the subscribers of the "American Journal of the Medical 

Si [BIN ks." When completed in the "News and Library," it will be issued separately in a 

neat octavo volume. 



Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Diseases of Children). 21 

fJMITH {J. LE WIS). M. D., 

*3 Professor of Morbid Anatomy in the Bellevue Hospital Med. College, N. Y. 

A COMPLETE PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF 

CHILDREN. Second Edition, revised and greatly enlarged. In one handsome octavo 
volume of 712 pages, extra cloth, $5; leather, $6. (Just Issued.) 
From the Prefaqe to the Second Editiox. 

In presenting to the profession the second edition of his work, the author gratefully Acknow- 
ledges the favorable reception accorded to the first. He has endeavored to merit a continuance 
of this approbation by rendering the volume much more complete than before. Nearly twenty 
additional diseases have been treated of, among which may be named Diseases Incidental to 
Birth, Rachitis, Tuberculosis, Scrofula, Intermittent, Remittent, and Typhoid Fevers, Chorea, 
and the various forms of Paralysis. Many new formulae, which experience has shown to be 
useful, have been introduced, portions of the text of a less practical nature have been con- 
densed, and other portions, especially those relating to pathological histology, have been 
rewritten to correspond with recent discoveries. Every effort has been made, however, to avoid 
an undue enlargement of the volume, but, notwithstanding this, and an increase in the size of 
the page, the number of pages has been enlarged by more than one hundred. 

227 West 49th Street, New York, April, 1872. 

The work will be found to contain nearly one-third more matter than the previous edition, and 
it is confidently presented as in every respect worthy to be received as the standard American 
text-book on the subject. 

Eminently practical as well as judicious in its \ We regard it as superior to any other single work 
teachings. — Cincinnati Lancet and Obs., July, 1S72. on the diseases of infancy and childhood. — Detroit 

A standard work that leaves little to he desired.- j Rev - of Med. and Pharmacy, Aug. 1872. 
Indiana Jotirnal of Medicine, July, 1S72. We C011 f ess to increased enthusiasm in recommend- 

We know of no book on this subject that we can j iug this second edition. — St. Louis Med. and Surg. 
more cordially recommend to the medical student . Journal, Aug. 1872. 
and the practitioner.— Cincinnati Clinic, June 29, '72. I 



c 



ONDIE {D. FRANCIS), M.D. 

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF CHILDREN. 

Sixth edition, revised and augmented. In one large octavo volume of nearly 800 closely- 
printed pages, extra cloth, $5 25; leather, $6 25. (lately Issued.) 



The present edition, which is the sixth, is fully up 
to the times in the discussion of all those points in the 
pathology and treatment of infantile diseases which 
have been brought forward by the Germa u and French 



teachers. As a whole, however, the work is the best 
American one that we have, and in its special adapta- 
tion to American practitioners it certainly has no 
}qual.— New York Med. Record, March 2, 1S68. 



TXTEST {CHARLES). M.D., 

' " Physician to the Hospital for Sick Children, &c. 

LECTURES ON THE DISEASES OF INFANCY AND CHILD- 
HOOD. Fourth American from the fifth revised and enlarged English edition. In one 
large and handsome octavo volume of 656 closely-printed pages. Extra oloth, $4 50 ; 
leather, $5 50. 

Of all the_ English writers on the diseases of chil- I living authorities in the difficult department of medi- 
dren, there is no one so entirely satisfactory to us as | cal science in which he is most widely known. — 
Dr. West. For years we have held his opinion as I Boston Med. and Surg. Journal, April 26, 1866. 
j adicial, and have regarded him as one of the highest | 

JfY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Lately Issued.) 

ON SOME DISORDERS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IN CHILD- 

HOOD; being the Lumleian Lectures delivered at the Royal College of Physicians of Lon- 
don, in March, 1871. In one volume, small 12mo., extra cloth, $1 00. 



&MITH {EUSTACE), M. D., 

Physician to the Northwest London Free Dispensary for Sick Children. 

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE WASTING DISEASES OF 

INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD. Second American, from the second revised and enlarged 
English edition. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, $2 50. (Lately Issued.) 
This is in every way an admirable book. The 
modest title which the author has chosen for it scarce- 
ly conveys an adequate idea of the many subject 



upon which it treats. Wasting is so constant an at- 



scribed as a practical handbook of the common dis- 
eases of children, so numerous are the affections con- 
sidered either collaterally or directly. We are 
acquainted with no safer guide to the treatment of 



tendant upon the maladies of childhood, that a trea- I children's diseases, and few works give the insight 



tise upon the wasting diseases of children must neces 
sarily embrace the consideration of many affections 
of which it is a symptom ; and this is excellently well 
done by Dr. Smith. The book might fairly be de- 



nto the physiological and other peculiarities of chil- 
dren that Dr. Smith's book does. — Brit. Med. Journ,, 
April 8, 1871. 



QUERSANT {P.), M. D., 

Honorary Stirgeon to the Hospital for Sick Children, Paris. 

SURGICAL DISEASES OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN. Trans- 
lated by R. J. Dunglison, M. D. In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth, $2 50. (Now 
Ready. ) 

DEWEES OX THE PHYSICAL AND MEDICAL TREATMENT OF CHILDREN. Eleventh edition. 1 vol. 
8vo. of 548 pages. $2 SO. 



22 



Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Diseases of Women). 



A VELING {JAMES H 

-*-*- Physician to the Hospita 



and 

Hospital for Women and 



T/^ILTSHIRE {ALFRED), M.D., 

' ' Assistant Physician- A ccoucheur to St. 

Children. Mary's Hospital. 

THE OBSTETRICAL JOURNAL of Great Britain and Ireland; 

Including Midwifery, and the Diseases of Women and Infants. With an American 
Supplement, edited by Willtam F. Jenks, M.D. A monthly of about 80 octavo pages, 
very handsomely printed. Subscription, Five Dollars per annum. Single Numbers, 50 
cents each. 

Commencing with April, 1873, the Obstetrical Journal will consist of Original Papers by Brit- 
ish and Foreign Contributors ; Transactions of the Obstetrical Societies in England and abroad ; 
Reports of Hospital Practice; Reviews and Bibliographical Notices; Articles and Notes, Edito- 
rial, Historical, Forensic, and Miscellaneous; Selections from Journals; Correspondence, &c. 
Collecting together the vast amount of material daily accumulating in this important and ra- 
pidly improving department of medical science, the value of the information which it will pre- 
sent to the subscriber may be estimated from the character of the gentlemen who have already 
promised their support, including such names as those of Drs. Atthill, Robeet Barnes, Henry 
Bennkt, TnoMAS Chambers, Fleetwood Churchill, Matthews Duncan, Graily Hewitt, 
BraxtoN Hicks, Alfred Meadows, W. Leishman, Alex. Simpson, Tyler Smith, Edward J. 
Tilt, Spencer Wells, &g. &c. ; in short, the representative men of British Obstetrics and Gynae- 
cology. 

In order to render the Obstetrical Journal fully adequate to the wants of the American 
profession, each number will contain a Supplement devoted to the advances made in Obstetrics 
and Gynecology on this side of the Atlantic. This portion of the Journal will be under the 
editorial charge of Dr. William F. Jenks, to whom editorial communications, exchanges, books 
for review, &c, may be addressed, to the care of the publisher. 

*V* Gentlemen desiring complete sets will do well to forward their orders without delay. 



STROMAS {T.GAILLARD),M.D., 

-*■ Professor of Obstetrics, &c, in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y., &c. 

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF WOMEN. Third 

edition, enlarged and thoroughly revised. In one large and handsome octavo volume of 
784 pages, with 246 illustrations. Cloth, $5 00 ; leather, $6 00. (Just Issued.) 

The author has taken advantage of the opportunity afforded by the call for another edition of 
this work to render it worthy a continuance of the very remarkable favor with which it has been 
received. Every portion has been subjected to a conscientious revision, several new chapters 
have been added, and no labor spared to make it a complete treatise on the most advanced con- 
dition of its important subject. The present edition therefore contains about one-third more 
matter than the previous one, notwithstanding which the price has been maintained at the former 
very moderate rate, rendering this one of the cheapest volumes accessible to the profession. 

As compared with the first edition, five uew chap- 
ters on dysmenorrhea, peri-uterine fluid tumors, 
composite tumors of the ovary, solid tumors of the 
ovary, and chlorosis, have been added. Twenty- 
seven additional woodcuts have been introduced, 



many subjects have been subdivided, and all have 
received important interstitial increase. In fact, the 
book has been practically rewritten, and greatly in- 
oreased iu value. Briefly, we may say that we know 
of no book which so completely and concisely repre- 
sents the present state of gynajcology ; none so full 
of well-digested and reliable teaching; none which 
bespeaks an author more apt in research and abun- 
dant in resources.— N. Y. Med. Record, May 1, 1872. 
We should not be doing our dnty to the profession 
did we not tell those who are unacquainted with the 
book, how much it is valued by gynaecologists, and 
how it is in many respects one of the best text-books 
on the subject we possess in our language. We have 
no hesitation in recommending Dr. Thomas's work as 
one of the most complete of its kind ever published. 
It should be in the possession of every practitioner 
for reference and for study.— London Lancet, April 
27, 1872. 

Our author is not one of those whose views "never 
change." On the contrary, they have been modified 
in many particulars to accord with the progress made 
InthlldepS rt merit of medical science: hence it hav I he 
freshness of an eutiroly new work. No general prac- 
titioner can afford to be without it. — St. Louis Med. 
and, Surg. Journal, May, 1872. 

Its able author need not fear COmpfl rison hotweon 

it and any similar work In the English language; 
nay more, as a text book for students and as a guide 
for practitioners, we believe it is unequalled, I u the 

libraries Of reading physician* we meet with it 

of tenor than any other treatise on diseases of women. 

■ Mid' our brief review by repeating the hearty 

commendation of thin volume ^i"<Mi when w> com* 

meaoed ! if either student or practitioner can getbut 

one bo - of women, that book should be 

M." — Amer. Jour. Med. Sciences, April, 
1872. 



I We are free to say that we regard Dr. Thomas the 
best American authority on diseases of women. Seve- 
ral others have written, and written well, but none 
have so clearly and carefully arranged their text and 
instruction as Dr. Thomas. — Cincinnati Lancet and 
Observer, May, 1372. 

We deem it scarcely necessary to recommend this 
work to physicians as it is now widely known, and 
most of them already possess it, or will certainly do 
so. To students we unhesitatingly recommeud it as 
the best text-book on diseases of females extant.— St. 
Louis Med. Reporter, June, 1869. 

Of all the army of books that have appeared of late 
years, on the diseases of the uterus and its appendages, 
we know of none that is so clear, comprehensive, and 
practical as this of Dr. Thomas', or one that we should 
more emphatically recommend to the young practi- 
tioner, as his guide. — California Med. Gazelle, June, 
1869. 

If not the best work extant on the subject of which 
it treats, it is certainly second to none other. So 
short a titne has elapsed since the medical press 
teemed with commendatory notices of the fits! edition, 
that it would be superfluous to give au extended re- 
view of what is now firmly established as the Am erioan 
text-hook of Gynaecology.— i\T. Y. Med. Gazette, July 
17, 1869. 

This is a new and revised edition of a work which 
we recently noticed at some length, and earnestly 
commended to the favorable attention of our readers. 
The fact that, in the short space of one year, this 
second edition makes its appearance, shows that the 
meueral judgment of the profession has largely con- 
firmed the opinion we gave at that time. — Cincinnati 
Lancet, Aug. 1869. 

It is so short a time since we gave a full roview of 
the first edition of this book, that we deem it only 
necessary now to call attention to the second appear- 
ance of the work. Its success has been remarkable, 
and we can only congratulate the author on the 
brilliant reoeption his book has received. — N. Y. Med. 
Journal, April, 1869, 



Henry C. Lea's Publications— (Diseases of Women). 



n 



H 



ODGE {HUGH L.), M.D., 

Emeritus Professor of Obstetrics, 



in the University of Pennsylvania. 

ON DISEASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN; including Displacements 

of the Uterus. With original illustrations. Second edition, revised and enlarged. In 
one beautifully printed octavo volume of 531 pages, extra cloth. $4 50. {Lately Issued.) 
In the preparation of this edition the author has spared no pains to improve it with the results 
of his observation and study during the interval which has elapsed since the first appearance of 
the work. Considerable additions have thus been made to it, which have been partially accom- 
modated by an enlargement in the size of the page, to avoid increasing unduly the bulk of the 
volume. 



From Prof. W. H. Btford, of the Eush Medical 
College, Chicago. 

The book bears the impress of a master hand, and 
must, as its predecessor, prove acceptable to the pro- 
fession, la diseases of women Dr. Hodge has estab- 
lished a sch- il o treatment that has become world- 
wide in fame. 

Professor Hodge's work is trnly an original one 
from beginning t< end, consequently no one can pe- 
ruse its pages vitnout learning something new. The 
book, which is by no means a large one, is di vided into 
two grand sections, so to speak : first, that treating of 
the nervous sympathies of the uterus, and, se6ondly, 
that which speaks of the mechanical treatment of dis- 
placements of that organ. He is disposed, as a non- 
believer in the frequency of inflammations of the 



uterus, to take strong ground against many of the 
highest authorities in this branch of medicine, and 
the arguments which he offers in support of his posi- 
tion are, to say the least, well put. Numerous wood- 
cuts adorn this portion of the work, and add incalcu- 
lably to the proper appreciation of the variously 
shaped instruments referred to by our author. As a 
contribution to the study of women's diseases, it is of 
great value, and is abundantly able to stand on its 
own merits. — N. Y. Medical Record, Sept. 15, 1S68. 

In this point of view, the treatise of Professor 
Hodge will be indispensable to every student in its 
department. The large, fair type and general perfec- 
tion of workmanship will render it doubly welcome. 
—Pacific Med. and Surg. Journal, Oct. 1868. 



W: 



EST {CHARLES), M.D. 

LECTURES ON THE DISEASES OF WOMEN. Third American, 

from the Third London edition. In one neat octavo volume of about 550 pages, extra 
cloth, $3 75 ; leather, $4 75. 
The reputation which this volume has acquired as a standard book of reference in its depart- 
ment, renders it only necessary to say that the present edition has received a careful revision at 
the hands of the author, resulting in a considerable increase of size. A few notices of previous 
editions are subjoined. 

As a writer, Dr. West stands, in our opinion, se- 
cond only to Watson, the "Macaulay of Medicine;" 
he possesses that happy faculty of clothing instruc- 
tion in easy garments ; combining pleasure with 
profit, he leads his pupils, in spite of the ancient pro- 
verb, along a royal road to learning. His work is one 
which will not satisfy the extreme on either side, but 
it is one that will please the great majority who are 
seeking truth, and one that will convince the student 
that he has committed himself to a candid, safe, and 
valuable guide.— N. A. Med.-Chirurg Review. 



The manner of the author is excellent, his descrip- 
tions graphic and perspicuous, and his treatment up 
to the level of the time— clear, precise, definite, and 
marked bv strong common sense. — Chicago Med. 
Journal, Dec. 1861. 

We cannot too highly recommend this, the second 
edition of Dr. West's excellent lectures on the dis- 
eases of females. We know of no other book on this 
subject from which we have derived as much pleasure 
and instruction. Every page gives evidence of the 
honest, earnest, and diligent searcher after truth. He 
is not the mere compiler of other men's ideas, but his 
lectures are the result often years' patient investiga- 
tion in one of the widest fields for women's diseases — 
St. Bartholomew's Hospital. As a teacher, Dr. West 
is simple and earnest in his language, clear and com- 
prehensive in his perceptions, andlogical in his de- 
ductions. — Cincinnati Lancet, Jan. 1862. 

We return the author our grateful thanks for the 
vast amount of instruction he has afforded us. His 
valuable treatise needs no eulogy on our part. His 
graphic diction and truthful pictures of disease all 
speak for themselves. — Medico-Chirurg. Review. 

Most justly esteemed a standard work It 

bears evidence of having been carefully revised, and 
is well worthy of the fame it has already obtained. 
—Dub. Med. Quar. Jour. 



We must now conclude this hastily written sketch 
with the confident assurance to our readers that the 
work will well repay perusal. The conscientious, 
painstaking, practical physician is apparent on every 
page. — 2f. Y. Journal of Medicine. 

We have to say of it, briefly and decidedly, that it 
is the best work on the subject in any language, and 
that it stamps Dr. West as the facile princeps of 
British obstetric authors. — Edinburgh Med. Journal. 

We gladly recommend his lectures as in the highesrt 
degree instructive to all who are interested in ob- 
stetric practice. — London. Lancet. . 

We know of no treatise of the kind so complete, 
and yet so compact. — Chicago Med. Journal. 



B 



ARNES {ROBERT), M. D., F. R. C. P., 

Obstetric Physician to St. Thomas's Hospital, &c. 

A CLINICAL EXPOSITION OP THE MEDICAL AND SURGI- 
CAL DISEASES OF WOMEN. In one handsome octavo volume with illustrations. 
(Nearly Ready.) 



CHURCHILL ON THE PUERPERAL FEVER AND 
OTHER DISEASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN. 1 vol. 
8vo., pp. 450, extra cloth. $2 50. 

DEWEES'S TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OP FE- 
MALES. With illustrations. Eleventh Edition, 
with the Author's last improvements and correc- 
tions. In one octavo volume of 536 pages, with 
plates, extra cloth. $3 00. 

WEST'S ENQUIRY INTO THE PATHOLOGICAL 
IMPORTANCE OF ULCERATION OF THE OS 
UTERI. 1 vol. 8vo., extra cloth. $1 25. 



MEIGS ON WOMAN: HER DISEASES AND THEIR 
REMEDIES A Series of Lectures to his Class. 
Fourth and Improved Edition. 1 vol. Svo., over 
700 pages, extra cloth, $5 00 ; leather, *6 00. 

MEIGS ON THE NATURE, SIGNS, AND TREAT- 
MENT OF CHILDBED FEVER. 1 vol. 8vo., pp 
365, extra cloth. $2 00. 

ASHWELL'S PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DIS- 
EASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN. Third American, 
from the Third and revised London edition. 1 vol. 
8vo., pp. 528, extra cloth. $3 50. 



24 



Henry C. Lea's Publications— {Midwifery). 



ffODGE {HUGH L.), M.D., 

■*"*■ Emeritus Professor of Midwifery, &o ., in the University of Pennsylvania, &c. 

THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF OBSTETRICS. Illus- 

trated with large lithographic plates containing one hundred and fifty-nine figures from 
original photographs, and with numerous wood-cuts. In one large and beautifully printed 
quarto volume of 550 double-columned pages, strongly bound in extra cloth, $14. 



The work of Dr. Hodge is something more than a 
simple presentation of his particular views in the de- 
partment of Ohstetrics ; it is something more than an 
ordinary treatise on midwifery ; it is, in fact, a cyclo- 
paedia of midwifery. He has aimed to embody in a 
single volume the whole science and art of Obstetrics. 
An elaborate text is combined with accurate and va- 
ried pictorial illustrations, so that no fact or principle 
Is left unstated or unexplained. — Am. Med. Times, 
Sept. 3, 1S64. 

We should like to analyze the remainder of this 
excellent work, but already has this review extended 
beyond our limited space. We cannot conclude this 
notice without referring to the excellent finish of the 
work. In typography it is not to be excelled ; the 
paper is superior to what is usually afforded by our 
American cousins, quite equal to the best of English 
books. The engravings and lithographs are most 
beautifully executed. The work recommends itself 
for its originality, and is in every way a most valu- 
able addition to those on the subject of obstetrics. — 
Canada Med. Journal, Oct. 1S64. 

It is very large, profusely and elegantly illustrated, 
and is fitted to take its place near the works of great 
obstetricians. Of the American works on the subject 
it is decidedly the best. — Edinb. Med. Jour., Dec. '64. 

#*# Specimens of the plates and letter-press will be forwarded to any address, free by mail 
en receipt of six cents in postage stamps. 



We have examined Professor Hodge's work with 
great satisfaction ; every topic is elaborated most 
fully. The views of the author are comprehensive, 
and concisely stated. The rules of practice are judi- 
cious, and will enable the practitioner to meet every 
emergency of obstetric complication-with confidence. 
— Chicago Med. Journal, Aug. 1864. 

More time than we have had at our disposal since 
we received the great work of Dr. Hodge is necessary 
to do it justice. It is undoubtedly by far the most 
original, complete, and carefully composed treatise 
on the principles and practice of Obstetrics which has 
ever been issued from the American press. — Pacific 
Med. and Surg. Journal, July, 1S64. 

We have read Dr. Hodge's book with great plea- 
sure, and have much satisfaction in expressing our 
commendation of it as a whole. It is certainly highly 
instructive, and in the main, we believe, correct. The 
great attention which the author has devoted to the 
mechanism of parturition, taken along with the con- 
clusions at which he has arrived, point, we think, 
conclusively to the fact that, in Britain at least, the 
doctrines of Naegele have been too blindly received. 
—Glasgow Med. Journal, Oct. 1864. 



JJANNER {THOMAS H), M.D. 
ON THE SIGNS AND DISEASES OF PREGNANCY. First American 

from the Second and Enlarged English Edition. With four colored plates and illustrations 
on wood. In one handsome octavo volume of about 500 pages, extra cloth, $4 25. 
The very thorough revision the work has undergone 

has added greatly to its practical value, and increased 

materially its efficiency as a guide to the student and 

to the young practitioner.— Am. Journ. Med. Sci., 

April, 1868. 

With the immense variety of subjects treated of 
and the ground which they are made to cover, the im- 
possibility of giving an extended review of this truly 
remarkable work must be apparent. We have not a 
single fault to find with it, and most heartily com- 
mend it to the careful study of every physician who 
would not only always be sure of his diagnosis of 



pregnancy, but always ready, to treat all the nume- 
rous ailments that are, unfortunately for the civilized 
women of to-day, so commonly associated with the 
function.— N. Y. Med. Record, March 16 1868. 

We recommend obstetrical students, young and 
old, to have this volume in their collections. It con 
tains not only a fair statement of the signs, symptoms, 
and diseases of pregnancy, but comprises in addition 
much interesting relative matter that is not to be 
found in an j other work that we can name. — Edin- 
burgh Med Journal, Jan. 1868. 



Q WAYNE {JOSEPH GRIFFITHS), M.I)., 

*~) Physician-Accoucheur to the British General Hospital, &c. 

OBSTETRIC APHORISMS FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS COM- 
MENCING MIDWIFERY PRACTICE. Second American, from the Fifth and Revised 
London Edition, with Additions by E. R. Hutchins, M. D. With Illustrations. In one 
neat 12rao. volume. Extra cloth, $1 25. (Nora Ready.) 
*. M * See p. 3 of this Catalogue for the terms on which this work is offered as a premium to 
subscribers to the " American Journal of the Medical Sciences." 



It is really a capital little compendium of the sub- 
ject, and we recommend young practitioners to buy it 
and carry it with them when called to attend cases of 
labor. They can while away the otherwise tedious 
hours of waiting, and thoroughly fix in their memo- 
ries the most Important practical suggestions it con- 
tains. The American editor has materially added by 
his notes ''.nd the concluding Chapters to the com- 
pleteness and general value of the book. — China go 
Med. Journal, Feb. 1870. 

The manual beforouscontainninexcoedingly small 
BOmpfl - ma 1 1 enough to carry in the pockei — about 
all there is of obstetrics, oondensed into a nutshell of 
A piii i -ins. The illustrations are well selected, and 
serves excellent reminders of the condnet of labor — 
regular and difficult — Cincinnati Lancet, April, '70. 

t, i , »Ikh mo* I ad tnirn>>l« little work, and completel v 



answers the purpose. It is not only valuable for 
young beginners, but no one who is not a proficient 
in the art of obstetrics should be without it, because 
it condenses all that is necessary to know for ordi- 
nary midwifery practice. We commend the book 
most favorably. — St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal, 
Sept. 10, 1870. 

A studied perusal of this little book has satisfied 
us of its eminently practical value. The object of the 
work, the author says, in his preface, is to give the 
student a few brief and practical directions respect- 
ing the management of ordinary cases of labor ; and 
also to poiut out to him in extraordinary cases whea 
and how he may act upon his own responsibility, and 
when he ought to send for assistance. — N. Y. Medical 
Journal, May, 1870 



W' 



INCKEL (F.), 

Prqfoagor and Direator of the Gynaecological Clinic in the University of Rostock. 

A COMPLETE TREATISE ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREAT- 
MENT OF CHILDBED, for Students and Practitioner*. Translated, with the consent of 
the author, from the Seoond German Edition, by James Read Ciiadwick, M D. In one 
octavo volume. {Preparing.) 



Henry C. Lea's Publications — {Midwifery), 



25 



TEISHMAN (WILLIAM), M.D., 

"^ Regius Professor of Midwifery in the University of Glasgow, &c. 

A SYSTEM OF MIDWIFERY, INCLUDING THE DISEASES OF 

PREGNANCY AND THE PUERPERAL STATE. In one large and very handsome oc- 
tavo volume of over 700 pages, with one hundred and eighty-two illustrations. Cloth, 
$5 00 ; leather, $6 00. (Jusi Ready.) 
This is one of a most complete and exhaustive cha- I It was written to supply a desideratum, and we will 
racter. We have gone carefully thvough it, 'and there be much surprised if it does not fulfil the purpose of 
is no subject in Obstetrics which has not been con- its author. Taking it as a whole, we know of no 
sidered well and fully. The result is a work, not work on obstetrics by an English author in which the 
only admirable as a text-book, but valuable as a work student and the practitioner will find the information 
of reference to the practitioner in the various emer- \ so clear and so completely abreast of the present state 
gencies of obstetric practice. Take it all in all, we | of our knowledge on the subject.— Glasgow Med. 



have no hesitation in saying that it is in our judgment 
the best Euglish work on the subject. — London Lan- 
cet, Aug. 23, 1S73. 

The work of Leishman gives an excellent view of 
modern midwifery, and evinces its author's extensive 
acquaintance with British and foreign literature ; and 
not only acquaintance with it, but wholesome diges- 
tion and sound judgment of it. He has, withal, a 
manly, free style, and can state a difficult and compli- 
cated matter with remarkable clearness and brevity. 
—Edin. Med. Joxirn., Sept. 1S73. 



Journ., Aug. 1S73. 

Dr. Leishman's System of Midwifery, which has 
only just been published, will go far to supply the 
want which has so long been felt, of a really good 
modern English text-book. Although large, as is in- 
evitable in a work on so extensive a subject, it is so 
well and clearly written, that it is never wearisome 
I to read. Dr. Leishman's work may be confidently 
| recommended as an admirable text-book, and is sure 
to be largely used.— Lond. Med. Record, Sept. 1873. 



f>AMSBOTHAM (FRANCIS R.), M.D. 

THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF OBSTETRIC MEDI- 
CINE AND SURGERY, in reference to the Process of Parturition. A new and enlarged 
edition, thoroughly revised by the author. With additions by W. V. Keating, M. D., 
Professor of Obstetrics, &c., in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. In one large 
and handsome imperial octavo volume of 650 pages, strongly hound in leather, with raised 
bands ; with sixty-four beautiful plates, and numerous wood-cuts in the text, containing in 
all nearly 200 large and beautiful figures. $7 00. 

To the physician's library it is indispensable, while 
to the student, as a text-book, from which to extract 
the material for laying the foundation of an education 
on obstetrical science, it has no superior. — Ohio Med. 
and Surg. Journal. 

When we call to mind the toil we underwent in 
acquiring a knowledge of this subject, we cannot but 
envy the student of the present day the aid which 
this work will afford him. — Am. Jour, of the Med. 
Sciences. 



We will only add that the student will learn from 
It all he need to know, and the practitioner will find 
It, as a book of reference, surpassed by none other.— 
Stethoscope. 

The character and merits of Dr. Ramsbotham's 
work are so well known and thoroughly established, 
that comment is unnecessary and praise superfluous. 
The illustrations, which are numerous and accurate, 
are executed in the highest style of art. We cannot 
too highly recommend the work to our readers.— Si 1 . 
Louis Med. and Surg. Journal. 



SJ3URCHILL (FLEETWOOD), M.D., M.R.I. A. 

ON THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF MIDWIFERY. A new 

American from the fourth revised and enlarged London edition. With notes and additions 
by D. Francis Condie, M. D., author of a "Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Chil- 
dren," &c. With one hundred and ninety-four illustrations. In one very handsome octavo 
volume of nearly 700 large pages. Extra cloth, $4 00 ; leather, $5 00. 



These additions render the work still more com- 
plete and acceptable than ever ; and with the excel- 
lent style in which the publishers have presented 
this edition of Churchill, we can commend it to the 
profession with great cordiality and pleasure. — Cin- 
cinnati Lancet. 

Few works on this branch of medical science are 
equal to it, certainly none excel it, whether in regard 
to theory or practice, and in one respect it is superior 
to all others, viz., in its statistical information, and 
therefore, on these grounds a most valuable work for 
the physician, student, or lecturer, all of whom will 
find in it the information which they are seeking. — 
Brit. Am. Journal. 

The present treatise is very much enlarged and 
amplified beyond the previous editions but nothing 



has been added which could be well dispensed with. 
An examination of the table of contents shows how 
thoroughly the author has gone over the ground, and 
the care he has taken in the text to present the sub- 
j ects in all their bearings, will render this new edition 
even more necessary to the obstetric student than 
were either of the former editions at the date of their 
appearance. No treatise on obstetrics with which we 
are acquainted can compare favorably with this, in 
respect to the amount of material which has been 
gathered from every source. — Boston Med. and Surg. 
Journal. 

There is no better text-book for students, or work 
of reference and study for the practising physician 
than this. It should adorn and enrich every medical 
library. — Chicago Med. Journal. 



MONTGOMERY [W. F.), M.D., 

Professor of Midwifery in the King's and Queen's College of Physicians in Ireland. 

AN EXPOSITION OF THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PREG- 
NANCY. With some other Papers on Subjects connected with Midwifery. From the second 
and enlarged English edition. With two exquisite colored plates, and numerous wood-cuts. 
In one very handsome octavo volume of nearly 600 pages, extra cloth. $3 75. 



RIGBY'S SYSTEM OF MIDWIFEKT. With Notes 
and Additional Illustrations. Second American 
edition. One volume octavo, extra cloth, 422 pages 
*2 50. 

DEWEES'S COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM OF MID- 
WIFERY. Twelfth edition, with the author's last 



improvements and corrections. In one octavo vol- 
ume, extra cloth, of 600 pages. *3 50. 
MEIGS' OBSTETRICS: THE SCIENCE AND THE 

ART. Fifth edition. With 130 illustrations. 1vol. 

Svo. Extra cloth, $3 50 ; leather, $6 50. 



86 



Henry C. Lea's Publications— (Surgery). 



G 



ROSS {SAMUEL D.), M.D., 

Professor of Surgery in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. 



A SYSTEM OF SURGERY: Pathological, Diagnostic, Therapeutic, 

and Operative. Illustrated by upwards of Fourteen Hundred Engravings. Fifth edition, 
carefully revised, and improved. In two large and beautifully printed imperial octavo vol- 
umes of about 2300 pages, strongly bound in leather, with raised bands, $15. (Jzist Ready .) 
The continued favor, shown by the exhaustion of successive large editions of this great work, 
proves that it has successfully supplied a want felt by American practitioners and students. In the 
present revision no pains have been spared by the author to bring it in every respect fully up to 
the day. To effect this a large part of the work has been rewritten, and the whole enlarged by 
nearly one-fourth, notwithstanding which the price has been kept at its former very moderate 
rate. By the use of a close, though very legible type, an unusually large amount of matter is 
condensed in its pages, the two volumes containing as much as four or five ordinary octavos. 
This, combined with the most careful mechanical execution, and its very durable binding, renders 
it one of the cheapest works accessible to the profession. Every subject properly belonging to the 
domain of surgery is treated in detail, so that the student who possesses this work may be said to 
have in it a surgical library. 



It must long remain the most comprehensive work 
on this important part of medicine. — Boston Medical 
and Surgical Journal, March 23, 1865. 

We have compared it with most of our standard 
works, such as those of Erichsen, Miller, Fergusson, 
Syme, and others, and we must, in justice to our 
author, award it the pre-eminence. As a work, com- 
plete in almost every detail, no matter how minute 
or trifling, and embracing every subject known in 
the principles and practice of surgery, we believe it 
stands vrithout a rival. Dr. Gross, in his preface, re- 
marks "my aim has been to embrace the whole do- 
main of surgery, and to allot to every subject its 
legitimate claim to notice;" and, we assure our 
readers, he has kept his word. It is a work which 
we can most confidently recommend to our brethren, 
for its utility is becoming the more evident the longer 
it is upon the shelves of our library.— Canada Med. 
Journal, September, 1865. 

The first two editions of Professor Gross' System of 
Surgery are so well known to the profession, and so 
highly prized, that it would be idle for us to speak in 
praise of this work.— Chicago Medical Journal, 
September, 1865. 

We gladly indorse the favorable recommendation 
of the work, both as regards matter and style, which 
we made when noticing its first appearance.— British 
and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review, Oct. 1865. 

The most complete work that has yet issued from 
the press on the science and practice of surgery.— 
London Lancet. 

This system of surgery is, we predict, destined to 
take a commanding position in our surgical litera- 
ture, and be the crowning glory of the author's well 
earned fame. As an authority on general surgical 
subjects, this work is long to occupy a pre-eminent 
place, not only at home, but abroad. We have no 



hesitation in pronouncing it without a rival in our 
language, and equal to the best systems of surgery in 
any language. — N. Y. Med. Journal. 

Not only by far the best text-book on the subject, 
as a whole, within the reach of American students, 
but one which will be much more than ever likely 
to be resorted to and regarded as a high authority 
abroad. — Am. Journal Med. Sciences, Jan. 1865. 

The work contains everything, minor and major, 
operative and diagnostic, including mensuration and 
examination, venereal diseases, and uterine manipu- 
lations and operations. It is a complete Thesaurus 
of modern surgery, where the student and practi- 
tioner shall not seek in vain for whai they desire. — 
San Francisco Med. Press, Jan. 1S65. 

Open it where we may, we find sound practical in- 
formation conveyed in plain language. This book is 
no mere provincial or even national system of sur- 
gery, but a work which, while very largely indebted 
to the past, has a strong claim on the gratitude of the 
future of surgical science.— Edinburgh Med. Journal, 
Jan. 1865. 

A glance at the work is sufficient to show that the 
author and publisher have spared no labor in making 
it the most complete "System of Surgery" ever pub- 
lished in any country. — St. Louis Med. and Surg. 
Journal, April, 1865. 

A system of surgery which we think unrivalled in 
our language, and which will indelibly associate his 
name with surgical science. And what, in our opin- 
ion, enhances the value of the work is that, while the 
practising surgeon will find all that he requires in it, 
it is at the same time one of the most valuable trea- 
tises which can be put into the hands of the student 
seeking to know the principles and practice of this 
oranch of the profession which he designs subse- 
quently to follow.— The Brit. Arn.Journ., Montreal. 



DY THE SAME AUTHOR. 

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON FOREIGN BODIES IN THE 

AIR-PASSAGES. In 1 vol. 8vo. cloth, with illustrations, pp. 468. $2 75. 



GIBSON'S INSTITUTES AND PKACTICE OF SUR- 
oery. Eighth edition, improved and altered. With 
thirty-four plates. In two handsome octavo rel- 
umes, about 1000 pp., leather, raised bands. $6 60. 



SKEY'S OPERATIVE SURGERY. In 1 vol. Svo. 

clotb, of over 650 pages; with about 100 wood-cats. 

$3 25. 
COOPER'S LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES AND 

Practice of Bdrqbky. In 1 vol. Svo. cloth, 750 p. $2. 

MILLER [JAMES), 

JJJL Late Professor of Surgery in the University of Edinburgh, &c. 

PE I N 1 PLES OF SURGERY. Fourth American, from the third and 

revised Edinburgh edition. In one large and very beautiful volume of 700 pages, with 
two hundred and forty illustrations on wood, extra cloth. $3 75. 

OF THE SAME AUTHOR. 

TIIK PRACTICE OF SURGERY. Fourth American, from the last 

Edinburgh edition. Revised by the American editor. Illustrated by three hundred and 
sixty-lour engravings on wood. In one large octavo volume of nearly 700 pages, extra 
cloth. $3 75. 

VARGENT IF. Wi), M.D. 
® ON BANDAGING AND OTHER OPERATIONS OF MINOR 

SURGERY. New edition, with an additional chapter on Military Surgery. One handsome 
royal !2ino. volume, of nearly 400 pages, with 184 wood-cuts. Extra cloth, $1 76. 



Henry C. Lea's Publications— (Surgery). 27 

j^SHHURST {JOHN, Jr.), M.D., 

Surgeon to the Episcopal Hospital, Philadelphia. 

THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY. In one 

very large and handsome octavo volume of about 1000 pages, with nearly 550 illustrations, 
extra cloth, $6 50; leather, raised bands, $7 50. (Just Issued.) 

The object of the author has been to present, within as condensed a compass as possible, a 
complete treatise on Surgery in all its branches, suitable both as- a text-book for the student and 
a work of reference for the practitioner. So much has of late years been done for the advance- 
ment of Surgical Art and Science, that there seemed to be a want of a work which should present 
the latest aspects of every subject, and which, by its American character, should render accessible 
to the profession at large the experience of the practitioners of both hemispheres. This has been 
the aim of the author, and it is hoped that the volume will be found to fulfil its purpose satisfac- 
torily. The plan and general outline of the work will be seen by the annexed 
CONDENSED SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. 

Chapter I. Inflammation. II. Treatment of Inflammation. III. Operations in general: 
Anaesthetics. IV. Minor Surgery. V. Amputations. VI. Special Amputations. VII. Effects 
of Injuries in General : Wounds. VIII. Gunshot Wounds. IX. Injuries of Bloodvessels. X. 
Injuries of Nerves, Muscles and Tendons, Lymphatics, Bursse, Bone*s, and Joints. XI. Fractures. 
XII. Special Fractures. XIII. Dislocations. XIV. Effects of Heat and Cold. XV. Injuries 
of the Head. XVI. Injuries of the Back. XVII. Injuries of the Face and Neck. XVIII. 
Injuries of the Chest. XIX. Injuries of the Abdomen and Pelvis. XX. Diseases resulting from 
Inflammation. XXI. Erysipelas. XXII. Pyaemia. XXIII. Diathetic Diseases : Struma (in- 
cluding Tubercle and Scrofula); Rickets. XXIV. Venereal Diseases ; Gonorrhoea and Chancroid. 
XXV. Venereal Diseases continued : Syphilis. XXVI. Tumors. XXVII. Surgical Diseases of 
Skin, Areolar Tissue, Lymphatics, Muscles, Tendons, and Bursae. XXVIII. Surgical Disease 
of Nervous System (including Tetanus). XXIX. Surgical Diseases of Vascular System (includ- 
ing Aneurism). XXX. Diseases of Bone. XXXI. Diseases of Joints. XXXII. Excisions. 
XXXIII. Orthopaedic Surgery. XXXIV. Diseases of Head and Spine. XXXV. Diseases of the 
Eye. XXXVI. Diseases of the Ear. XXXVII. Diseases of the Face and Neck. XXXVIII. 
Diseases of the Mouth, Jaws, and Throat. XXXIX. Diseases of the Breast. XL. Hernia. XLI. 
Special Hernias. XLII. Diseases of Intestinal Canal. XLIII. Diseases of Abdominal Organs, 
and various operations on the Abdomen. XLIV. Urinary Calculus XLV. Diseases of Bladder 
and Prostate. XL VI. Diseases of Urethra. XL VII. Diseases of Generative Organs. Index. 

Its author has evidently tested the writings and 
experiences of the past and present in the crucible 



of a careful, analytic, and honorable mind, and faith- 
fully endeavored to bring his work up to the level of 
the highest standard of practical surgery He is 
frank and definite, and gives us opinions, and gene- 
rally sound ones, instead of a mere resume of the 
opinions of others. He is conservative, but not hide- 
bound by authority. His style is clear, elegant, and 
scholarly. The work is an admirable text book, and 
a useful book of reference It is a credit to American 
professional literature, and one of the first ripe fruits 
of the soil fertilized by the blood of oar late unhappy 
war.— N. Y. Med. Record, Feb. 1, 1872. 



Indeed, the work as a whole must be regarded as 
an excellent and concise exponent of modern sur- 
gery, and as such it will be found a valuable text- 
book for the student, and a useful book of reference 
for the general practitioner. — N. Y. Med. Journal, 
Feb. 1S72. 

It gives us great pleasure to call the attention of the 
profession to this excellent work. Our knowledge of 
its talented and accomplished author led us to expect 
from him a very valuable treatise upon subjects to 
which he has repeatedly given evidence of having pro- 
fitably devoted much time and labor, and we are in no 
way disappointed. — Phila. Med. Times, Feb. 1, 1872. 



piRRIE ( WILLIAM), F. R. S. E., 

•*- Professor of Surgery in the University of Aberdeen. 

THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OP SURGERY. Edited by 

John Neill, M. D., Professor of Surgery in the Penna. Medical College, Surgeon to the 
Pennsylvania Hospital, &c. In one very handsome octavo volume of 780 pages, with 316 
illustrations, extra cloth. $3 75. 

TJAMILTON {FRANK H.), M.D., 

Professor of Fractures and DisloeaMons, &c, in Bellevue Hosp. Med. College, New York. 

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON FRACTURES AND DISLOCA- 
TIONS. Fourth edition, thoroughly revised. In one large and handsome octavo volume 
of nearly 800 pages, with several hundred illustrations. Extra cloth, $5 75 ; leather, $6 75. 
( Just Issued. ) 
» It is not, of course, our intention to review in ex- 
tenso, Hamilton on "Fractures and Dislocations." 
iEleven years ago such review might not have been 
' out of place ; to-day the work is an authority, so well, 
so generally, and so favorably known, that it only 
remains for the reviewer to say that a new edition is 
just out, and it is better than either of its predeces- 
sors. — Cincinnati Clinic, Oct. 11, 1S71. 

Undoubtedly the best work on Fractures and Dis- 
locations in the English language. — Cincinnati Med. 
■ Repertory, Oct. 1871. 

We have once more before us Dr. Hamilton's admi- 



r 

rable treatise, which we have always considered the 
most complete and reliable work on the subject. As 
a whole, the work is without an equal in the litera- 
ture of the profession. — Boston Med. and Surg 
Journ., Oct. 12, 1S71. 

It is unnecessary at this time to commend the book, 
except to such as are beginners in the study of this 
particular branch of surgery. Every practical sur- 
geon in this country and abroad knows of it as a most 
trustworthy guide, and one which they, in common 
with us, would unqualifiedly recommend as the high- 
est authority in any language.— iV T . Y. Med. Record, 
Oct. 16, 1S71. 



MORLAND {W. W.), M.D. 

DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS; a Compendium of their 

Diagnosis, Pathology, and Treatment. With illustrations. In one large and handsome 
octavo volume of about 600 pages, extra cloth. $3 50. 






Henry C. Lea's Publications — {Surgery). 



EiRICRSEN {JOHN E.), 

*-* Professor of Surgery in University College, London, etc. 

THE SCIENCE AND ART OF SURGERY; being a Treatise on Sur- 

gical Injuries, Diseases, and Operations. Revised by the author from the Sixth and 
enlarged English Edition. Illustrated by over seven hundred engravings on wood. In 
two large and beautiful octavo volumes of over 1700 pages, extra cloth, $9 00 ; leather, 
$11 00. {Just Ready.) 

Author'' s Preface to the New American Edition. 

" The favorable reception with which the ' Science and Art of Surgery' has been honored by the 
Surgical Profession in the United States of America has been not only a source of deep gratifica- 
tion and of just pride to me, but has laid the foundation of many professional friendships that 
are amongst the agreeable and valued recollections of my life. 

"I have endeavored to make the present edition of this work more deserving than its predecessors 
of the favor that has been accorded to them. In consequence of delays that have unavoidably 
occurred in the publication of the Sixth British Edition, time has heen afforded to me to add to this 
one several paragraphs which I trust will be found to increase the practical value of the work." 
London, Oct. 1872. 

On no former edition of this work has the author bestowed more pains to render it a complete and 
satisfactory exposition of British Surgery in its modern aspects. Every portion has been sedu- 
lously revised, and a large number of new illustrations have been introduced. In addition to the 
material thus added to the English edition, the author has furnished for the American edition such 
material as has accumulated since the passage of the sheets through the press in London, so that 
the work as now presented to the American profession, contains his latest views and experience. 

The increase in the size of the work has seemed to render necessary its division into two vol- 
umes. Great care has been exercised in its typographical execution, and it is confidently pre- 
sented as in every respect worthy to maintain the high reputation which has rendered it a stand- 
ard authority on this department of medical science. 

These are only a few of the points in which the states in his preface, they are not confined to any one 
present edition of Mr. Erichsen's work surpasses its ; portion, but are distributed generally through the 
predecessors. Throughout there is evidence of a subjects of which the work treats. Certainly one of 
laborious care and solicitude in seizing the passing the most valuable sections of the book seems to us to 
knowledge of the day, which reflects the greatest \ be that which treats of the diseases of the arteries 
credit on the author, aod much enhances the value \ and the operative proceedings which they necessitate, 
ofhiswork. We can only admire the industry which In few text-books is so much carefully arranged in- 
has enabled Mr. Erichsen thus to succeed, amid the formation collected. — London Med. Times and Gaz., 






distractions of active practice, in producing emphatic- 
ally the book of reference and study for British prac- 
titioners of surgery. — London Lancet, Oct. 26, 1S72. 
Considerable changes have been made in this edi- 



Oct. 26, 1S72. 

The entire work, complete, as the great English 
treatise on Surgery of our own time, is, we can assure 
our readers, equally well adapted for the most junior 



Lion, and nearly a hundred new illustrations have student, and, as a book of reference, for the advanced 
been added. Itis difiicultin a small compass to point i practitioner.— Dublin Quarterly Journal. 
out the alterations and additions ; for, as the author I 



D 



RUITT {ROBERT), M.R.C.S., frc. 

THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MODERN SURGERY. 

A new and revised American, from the eighth enlarged and improved London edition Illus- 
trated with four hundred and thirty -two wood engravings. In one very handsome octavo 
volume, of nearly 700 large and closely printed pages. Extra cloth, $4 00 ; leather, $5 00. 



All that the surgical student or practitioner could 
desire. — Dublin Quarterly Journal. 

It is a most admirable book. We do not know 
when we have examined one with more pleasure. — 
Boston Med. and Surg. Journal. 

In Mr. Druitt's book, though containing only som 
seven hundred pages, both the principles and the 



practice of surgery are treated, and so clearly and 
perspicuously, as to elucidate every important topic. 
We have examined the book most thoroughly, and 
can aay that this success is well merited. Hib book, 
moreover, possesses the inestimable advantages of 
having the subjects perfectly well arranged and clas- 
e lined, and of being written in a style at once clear 
ind succinct. — Am. Journal of Med. Science?. 



A 



SHTON {T. J.). 
ON THE DISEASES, INJURIES, AND MALFORMATIONS OF 

THE RECTUM AND ANUS; with remarks on Habitual Constipation. Second American, 
from the fourth and enlarged London edition. With handsome illustrations. In one very 
beautifully printed octavo volume of about 300 pages. $3 25. 



TJUJELOW {HENRY ./.), M. D., 
■*-* Professor of Surf/cry in the Massachusetts Med. College, 

ON THE MECHANISM OF DISLOCATION AND FRACTURE 

OF THE HIP. With the Reduction of the Dislocation by the Flexion Method. With 
numerous original illustrations. In one very handsome octavo volume. Cloth. $2 50. 
.' Lately Issued.) 

ZA WSON [GEORGE), F. /,'. C. S., Ekgl.^ 
Assistant Surgeon totke Royal London OphtfidVmiC Hospital, Mnorfldds, Ac. 

INJURIES OF TUP] EYE, ORBIT, AND EYELIDS: their Imme- 

diat< and Remote Effects. With about one hundred illustrations. In one very hand 
lOtne octavo volume, extra cloth, $3 50. 
It is an admirable practical book in the highei-t and bout nense ot the phrase. — London Medical Timed, 
and Oasette, May 18, 1887. 



Henry C. Lea's Publications— (Surgery). 



29 



'DRY ANT (THOMAS), F.R.C.S., 

•*-* Surgeon to Guy's Hospital. 

THE PRACTICE OF SURGERY. With over Five Hundred En- 

gravings on Wood. In one large and very handsome octavo volume of nearly 1000 pages, 
extra cloth, $6 25 ; leather, raised bands, $7 25. {Just Ready.) 



Again, the author gives us his own practice, his 
own beliefs, aud illustrates by his own cases, or those 
treated iu Guy's Hospital. This feature adds joint 
emphasis, aud a solidity to his statements that inspire 
confidence. One feels himself almost by the side of 
the surgeon, seeing his work aud hearing his living 
words. The views, etc , of other surgeons are con- 
sidered calmly and fairly, but Mr. Bryanfs are 
adopted. Thus the work is not a compilation of 
other writings; it is not an encyclopaedia, but the 
plain statements, on practical points, of a man who 
has lived and breathed and had his being in the 
richest surgical experience. The whole profession 
owe a debt of gratitude to Mr. Bryant, for his work 
iu their behalf. We are confident that the American 
profession will give substantial testimonial of their 
feelings towards both author and publisher, by 
speedily exhausting this edition. We cordially and 
heartily commend it to our friends, and think that 
no live surgeon can afford to be without it — Detroit 
Review of Med. and Pharmacy, August, 1873. 

As a manual of the practice of surgery for the use 
of tbe student, we do not hesitate to pronounce Mr. 
Bryant's book a first-rate work. Mr. Bryant has a 
good deal of the dogmatic energy which goes with 
the clear, pronounced opinions of a man whose re- 
flections and experience have moulded a character 
not wanting in firmness and decision. At the same 
time he teaches with the enthusiasm of one who has 
faith in his teaching; he speaks as one having au- 
thority, and herein lies the charm and excellence of 
his work. He states the opinions of others freely 



and fairly, yet it is no mere compilation. The book 
coinbiues much of the merit of the manual with the 
merit of the monograph. One may recognize in 
almost every chapter of the ninety-four of which the 
work is made up the acuteness of a surgeon who has 
seen much, and observed closely, aud who gives forth 
the results of actual experience. In conclusion we 
repeat what we stated at fir^-t, that Mr. Bryant's book 
is one which we can conscientiously recommend both 
to practitioners and students as an admirable work. 
— Dublin Journ. of Med. Science, August, 1S73. 

Mr. Bryant has long been known to the reading 
portion of the profession as an able, clear, aud graphic 
writer upon surgical subjects. The volume before 
us is one eminently upon the practice of surgery and 
not one which treats at length on surgical pathology, 
though the views that are entertained upon this sub- 
ject are sufficiently interspersed through the work 
for all practical purposes. As a text-book we cheer- 
fully recommend it, feeling convinced that, from the 
subject-matter, and the concise and true way Mr. 
Bryant deals with his subject, it will prove a for- 
midable rival among the numerous surgical text- 
books which are offered to the student. — N. Y. Med. 
Record, June, 1873. 

This is, as the preface states, an entirely new book, 
aud contains in a moderately condensed form all the 
surgical information necessary to a general practi- 
tioner. It is written in a spirit consistent with the 
ipresent improved standard of medical and surgical 
science. — American Journal of Obstetrics, August, 
1S73. 



VTTELLS {J. SOELBERG), 

' " Professor of Ophthalmology in King's College Hospital, &c. 

A TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE EYE. Second American, 

from the Third and Revised London Edition, with additions; illustrated with numerous 
engravings on wood, and six colored plates Together with selections from the Test-types 
of Jaeger and Snellen. In one large and very handsome octavo volume of nearly 800 
pages; cloth, $5 00; leather, $6 00. (Just Ready.) 
The continued demand for this work, both in England and this country, is sufficient evidence 
that the author has succeeded in his effort to supply within a reasonable compass :> full practical 
digest of ophthalmology iu its most modern aspects, while the call for repeated editions has en- 
abled him in his revisions to maintain its position abreast of the most recent investigations and 
improvements. In again reprinting it, every effort has been made to adapt it thoroughly to the 
wants of the American practitioner. Such additions as seemed desirable have been introduced 
by the editor, Dr. I. Minis Hays, and the number of illustrations has been largely increased. The 
importance of test-types as an aid to diagnosis is so universally acknowledged at the present day 
that it seemed essential to the completeness of the work that they should be added, and as the 
author recommends the use of those both of Jaeger and of Snellen for different purposes, selec- 
tions have been made from each, so that the practitioner may have at command all the assist- 
ance necessary. Although enlarged by one hundred pages, it has been retained at the former 
very moderate price, rendering it one of the cheapest volumes before the profession. 
A few notices of the previous edition are subjoined. 
In this respect the work before us is of much more . found difficult to the student, he has dwelt at length 



service to the general practitioner than those heavy 
compilations which, in giving every person's views, 
too often neglect to specify those which are most in 
accordance with the author's opinions, or in general 
acceptance. We have no hesitation in recommending 
this treatise, as, on the whole, of all English works 
on the subject, the one best adapted to the wants of 
the general practitioner.— Edinburgh Med. Journal, 
March, 1S70. 

A treatise of rare merit. It is practical, compre- 
hensive, and yet concise. Upon those subjects usually 



and entered into full explanation. After a careful 
perusal of its contents, we can unhesitatingly com- 
mend it to all who desire to consult a really good 
work on ophhtalmic science. — Leavenworth Mde. Her- 
ald, Jan. 1870. 

Without doubt, one of the best works upon the sub 
ject which has ever been published ; it is complete on 
the subject of which it treats, and is a necessary work 
for every physician who attempts to treat diseases of 
the eye. — Dominion Med. Journal, Sept. 1869. 



" .A URENGE {JOHN Z.), F. R. C. S., 

Editor of the Ophthalmic Review, &e. 

A HANDY-BOOK OF OPHTHALMIC SURGERY, for the use of 

Practitioners. Second Edition, revised and enlarged. With numerous illustrations. In 
one very handeome octavo volume, extra cloth, $3 00. (Lately Issued.) 



For those, however, who must assume the care of 
diseases and injuries of the eye, and who are too 
much pressed for time to study the classic works on 
the subject, or those recently published by Stellwag, 
Wells, Bader, and others, Mr. Laurence will prove a 
safe and trustworthy guide. He has described in this 



edition those novelties which have secured the confi- 
dence of the profession since the appearance of his 
last. The volume has been considerably enlarged 
and improved by the revision and additions of its 
author, expressly for the American edition. — Am. 
Journ. Med. Sciences, Jan. 1S70. 



80 Henry C. Lea's Publications — (Surgery, &c). 

WHOMPSON[SIR HENRY), 

A Surgeon and Professor of Clinical Surgery to University College Hospital. 

LECTURES ON DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. With 

illustrations on wood. In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth. $2 25. 

These lectures stand the severe test. They are in- I deal hints so useful for the student, and even more 
structive without being tedious, and simple -without valuable to the young practitioner. — Edinburgh Med. 
being diffuse; and they include many of those prac- | Journal, April, 1S69. 



j^7 THE SAME AUTHOR. 

ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF STRICTURE OF 

THE URETHKA AND URINARY FISTULA. With plates and wood-cuts. From the 
third and revised English edition. In one very handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, $3 50. 
{Lately Publislied.) 
This classical work has so long been recognized as a standard authority on its perplexing sub- 
jects that it should be rendered accessible to the American profession. Having enjoyed the 
advantage of a revision at the hands of the author within a few months, it will be found to present 
his latest views and to be on a level with the most recent advances of surgical science. 

With a work accepted as the authority upon the I ably known by the profession as this before us, must 
subjects of which it treats, an extended notice would | create a demand for it from those who would keep 
be a work of supererogation. The simple auuounce- I themselves well up in this department of surgery. — 
tnent of another edition of a work so well and favor- | St. Louis Med. Archives, Feb. 1870. 



JDT THE SAME AUTHOR. {Just Ready.) 

THE DISEASES OF THE PROSTATE, THEIR PATHOLOGY 

AND TREATMENT. Fourth Edition, Revised. In one very handsome octavo volume of 

355 pages, with thirteen plates, plain and colored, and illustrations on wood. Cloth, $3 75. 

This work is recognized in England as the leading authority on its subject, and in presenting 

it to the" American profession, it is hoped that it will be found a trustworthy and satisfactory 

guide in the treatment of an obscure and important class of affections. 



STALES [PHILIP S.), M. D., Surgeon U.S.N. 



MECHANICAL THERAPEUTICS: a Practical Treatise on Surgical 

Apparatus, Appliances, and Elementary Operations : embracing Minor Surgery, Band- 
aging, Orthopraxy, and the Treatment of Fractures and Dislocations. With six hundred 
and forty-two illustrations on wood. In one large and handsome octavo volume of about 
700 pages : extra oloth, $5 75 ; leather, $6 75. 



rPAYLOR [ALFRED S.), M.D., 

*• Lecturer on Med. Jurisp. and Chemistry in Guy's Hospital. 

MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE. Seventh American Edition. Edited 

by John J. Reese, M.D., Prcf. of Med. Jurisp. in the Univ. of Penn. In one large 
octavo volume. Cloth, $5 00 ; leather, $6 00. {Now Ready.) 

In preparing for the press this seventh American edition of the " Manual of Medical Jurispru- 
dence" the editor has, through the courtesy of Dr. Taylor, enjoyed the very great advantage of 
consulting the sheets of the new edition of the author's larger work, " The Principles and Prac- 
tice of Medical Jurisprudence," which is now ready for publication in London. This has enabled 
trim to introduce the author's la. est \iews upon the topics discussed, which are believed to bring 
the work fully up to the present time. 

The notes of the former editor, Dr. Hartshorne, as also the numerous valuable references to 
American practice and decisions by his successor, Mr. Penrose, have been retained, with but few 
Blight exception^ j they will be found inclosed lb brackets, distinguished by the letters (II.) and 
(P.). The additions made 1-y the present editor, from the material at his command, amount to 
sboni one hundred pages; and bis own notes are designated by the letter (R.). 

Several Subjects, Dot treated of in the former edition, have been noticed in the present one, 
and the work, it is hoped, will be found to merit a continuance of the confidence which it has so 
long enjoyed as a standard authority. 

JjY THE SAME AUTHOR. [Now Realty.) 

tiii: im;inciimt:s and practice of medical jurispru- 

DENCB. Sec, nd Edition, Reviled, with numerous Illustrations. In two very large 
octavo volumes, doth, $10 00 j leather, $12 00 
Thi greal work- is now recognized in England as the fullest and most authoritative treatise on 
every department of its important subject, In laying it, in its improved form, before the Ameri- 
can profession, the publisher trusts that it will assume the same position in this country. 



Henry C. Lea's Publications— (Psychological Medicine, Sc). 31 



rPUKE {DANIEL BACK), M.D., 

-*- Joint author of " The Manual of Psychological Medicine" &c. 

ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE MIND UPON 

THE BODY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. Designed to illustrate the Action of the 
Imagination. In one handsome octavo volume of 416 pages, extra cloth, $3 25. (Now 
Ready.) 
The object of the author in this work has been to show not only the effect of the mind in caus- 
ing and intensifying disease, but also its curative influence, and the use which may be made of 
the imagination and the emotions as therapeutic agents. Scattered facts bearing upon this sub- 
ject have long been familiar to the profession, but no attempt has hitherto been made to collect 
and systematize them so as to render them available to the practitioner, by establishing the seve- 
ral phenomena upon a scientific basis. In the endeaVor thus to convert to the use of legitimate 
medicine the means which have been employed so successfully in many systems of qua*ckery, the 
author has produced a work of the highest freshness and interest as well as of permanent value. 



OLANDFORD {G. FIELDING), M. D., F. R. C P., 

J-* Lecturer on Psychological Medicine at the School of St. George's Hospital, &c. 

INSANITY AND ITS TREATMENT: Lectures on the Treatment, 

Medical and Legal, of Insane Patients. With a Summary of the Laws in force in the 
United States on tke Confinement of the Insane. By Isaac Ray, M. D. In one very 
handsome octavo volume of 471 pages: extra cloth, $3 25. (Just Issued.) 
This volume is presented to meet the want, so frequently expressed, of a comprehensive trea- 
tise, in moderate compass, on the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of insanity. To render it of 
more value to the practitioner in this country, Dr. Ray has added an appendix which affords in- 
formation, not elsewhere to be found in so accessible a form, to physicians who may at any moment 
be called upon to take action in relation to patients. 



It satisfies a want which must have been sorely- 
felt by the busy general practitioners of this country. 
It takes the form of a manual of clinical description 
of the various forms of insanity, with a description 
of the mode of examining persons suspected of in- 
sanity. We call particular attention to this feature 
of the book, as giving it a unique value to the gene- 
ral practitioner. If we pass from theoretical conside- 
rations to descriptions of the varieties ofinsanity as 



actually seen in practice and the appropriate treat- 
ment for them, we find in Dr. Blandford's work a 
considerable advance over previous writings on the 
subject. His pictures of the various forms of mental 
disease are so clear and good tbat no reader can fail 
to be struck with their superiority to those given in 
ordinary manuals in the English language or (so far 
as our own reading extends) in any other.— London 
Practitioner, Feb. 1871. 



W: 



INSLOW {FORBES), M.D., D.C.L., £c. 

ON OBSCURE DISEASES OF THE BRAIN AND DISORDERS 

OF THE MIND; their incipient Symptoms, Pathology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Pro- 
phylaxis. Second American, from the third and revised English edition. In one handsome 
octavo volume of nearly 600 pages, extra cloth. $4 25. 

TEA {HENRY C). 

SUPERSTITION AND FORCE: ESSAYS ON THE WAGER OF 

LAW, THE WAGER OF BATTLE, THE ORDEAL, AND TORTURE. Second Edition, 
Enlarged. In one handsome volume royal 12mo. of nearly 500 pages; extra cloth, $2 75. 
(Lately Published.) 

interesting phases of human society and progress. . . 
The fulness and breadth with which he has carried 
out bis comparative survey of this repulsive field of 
history [Torture], are such as to preclude our doing 
justice to the work within our present limits. But 
here, as throughout the volume, there will be found 
a wealth of illustration and a critical grasp of the 
philosophical import of facts which will render Mr. 
Lea's labors of sterling value to the historical stu- 
dent. — London Saturday Review, Oct. 8, 1870. 



We know of no single work which contains, in so 
small a compass, so much illustrative of the strangest 
operations of the human mind. Foot-notes give the 
authority for each statement, showing vast research 
and wonderful industry. We advise our confreres 
to read this book and ponder its teachings. — Chicago 
Med. Journal, Aug. 1870. 

As a work of curious inquiry on certain outlying 
points of obsolete law, "Superstition and Force" is 
•tie of the most remarkable books we have met with. 
—London Athenaum, Nov. 3, 1866. 

He has thrown a great deal of light upon what must 
be regarded as one of the most instructive as well as 



As a book ofready reference on the subject, it is of 
the highest value. — Westminster Review, Oct. 1867. 



DI THE SAME AUTHOR. (Late' y Published.) 

STUDIES IN CHURCH HISTORY— THE RISE OF THE TEM- 
PORAL POWER— BENEFIT OF CLERGY— EXCOMMUNICATION. In one large royal 
12mo. volume of 516 pp. extra cloth. $2 75. 
The story was never told more calmly or with 
greater learning or wiser thought. We doubt, indeed, 
if any other study of this field can be compared with 



this for clearness, accuracy, and power. — Chicago 
Examiner, Dec. 1870. 

Mr. Lea's latest work, "Studies in Church History," 
fully sustains the promise of the first. It deals with 
three subjects— the Temporal Power, Benefit of 
Clergy, and Excommunication, the record of which 
has a peculiar importance for the English student, and 
is a chapter on Ancient Law likely to be regarded as 
final. We can hardly pass from our mention of such 
works as these — with which that on "Sacerdotal 
Celibacy" should be included— without noting the 



literary phenomenon that the head of one of the first 
American houses is also the writer of some of its most 
original books.— London Athenceum, Jan. 7, 1S71. 

Mr. Lea has done great honor to himself and this 
country by the admirable works he has written on 
ecclesiologicaland cognate subjects. We have already 
had occasion to commend his " Superstition and 
Force" and his "History of Sacerdotal Celibacy." 
The present volume is fully as admirable in its me- 
thod of dealing with topics aud in the thoroughness— 
a quality so frequently lacking in American authors — 
with which they are investigated. — N. ¥. Journal of 
Psychol. Medicine, July, 1870. 



32 



Henry C. Lea's Publications. 



INDEX TO CATALOGCJE. 



American Journal of the Medical Sciences 

American Chemist (The) .... 

Abstract, Half-Yearly, of the Med Sciences 

Anatomical Atlas, by Smith and Horner 

Anderson on Diseases of the Skin 

Ashton on the Rectum and Anus . 

Attfieid's Chemistry 

Ashwell on Diseases of Females . 

Ashhurst's Surgery 

Barnes on Diseases of Women 

Bellamy's Surgical Anatomy 

Bryant's Practical Surgery . 

Bloxam's Chemistry 

Blandford on Insanity . 

Basham on Renal Diseases . 

Brinton on the Stomach 

Bigelow on the Hip 

Barlow's Practice of Medicine 

Bowman's (John E.) Practical Chemistry 

Bowman's (John E.) Medical Chemistry 

Buckler on Bronchitis .... 

Bumstead on Venereal .... 

Bumstead and Cullerier's Atlas of Venereal 

Carpenter's Human Physiology . 

Carpenter's Comparative Physiology . 

Carpenter on the Use and Abuse of Alcohol 

Carson's Synopsis of Materia Medica . 

Chambers on the Indigestions 

Chambers's Restorative Medicine 

Christison and Griffith's Dispensatory 

Churchill's System of Midwifery . 

Churchill on Puerperal Fever 

Condie on Diseases of Children . 

Cooper's (B. B.) Lectures on Surgery . 

Culferier's Atlas of Venereal Diseases 

Cyclopedia of Practical Medicine . 

Dalton's Human Physiology . 

De Jongh on Cod-Liver Oil . 

D e wees' s System of Midwifery 

Dewees on Diseases of Females . 

Dewees on Diseases of Children . 

Druitt's Modern Surgery 

Dunglison's Medical Dictionary . 

Dunglison's Human Physiology . 

Dunglison on New Remedies 

Ellis's Medical Formulary, by Smith . 

Erichsen's System of Surgery 

Fenwick's Diagnosis .... 

Flint on Respiratory Organs . 

Flint on the Heart . .• 

Flint's Practice of Medicine . 

Fownes's Elementary Chemistry . 

Fox on Diseases of the Stomach . 

Fulleron the Lungs, &c. 

Green's Pathology and Morbid Anatomy 

Gibson's Surgery 

G luge's Pathological Histology, by Leidy 
Galloway's Qualitative Analysis . 

Gray's Anatomy 

Griffith's (R. E.) Universal Formulary 
Gross on Foreign Bodies in Air-PassageB 
1 1 rose's Principles and Practice of Surgery 
Gross's Pathological Anatomy 
Guersant on Surgical Diseases of Children 
Hamilton on Dislocation* and Fractures 
Hartshorne's Essential- of Medicine . 
Hartshorne's Conspectus of the Medical Sciences 
Hartshorne's Anatomy and Physiology 
Heath's Practical Anatomy . 

Hoblyn'l Medical Dictionary 

Hodge OB Women ..... 

'a Obstetrics 

■ Practical Dissections 

;.|'h Medical Not'-* and Reflections 
Horner's anatomy and Histology 

D on FeverB .... 

if ill on Venereal Diseases 

i Handbook "i Skin Diseases 

ind Bieveking'i Pathological Anatomy 

I Handfieldjon Nervous Disorders 

Klrkes' Physiology 

Knafp's Chemical Technology 



PAGE 

] 



dged 



Lea's Superstition and Force 
Lea's Studies in Church History . 
Leishrnan's Midwifery , 

La Roche on Yellow Fever . 
La Roche on Pneumonia, &c. 
Laurence and Moon's Ophthalmic Surgery 
Lawson on the Eye .... 

Laycock on Medical Observation . 
Lehmann's Physiological Chemistry, 2 vols 
Lehmann's Chemical Physiology . 
Ludlow's Manual of Examinations 
Lyons on Fever ..... 
Maclise's Surgical Anatomy . 
Marshall's Physiology .... 
Medical News and Library . 
i Meigs's Obstetrics, the Science and the Art 
; Meigs's Lectures on Diseases of Women 
j Meigs on Puerperal Fever 
I Miller's Practice of Surgery . 
' Miller's Principles of Surgery 
Montgomery on Pregnancy . 
Morland on Urinary Organs . 
Morland on Uraemia .... 
; Neill and Smith's Compendium of Med. Science 
Neligan's Atlas of Diseases of the Skin 
Neligan on Diseases of the Skin . 
Obstetrical Journal .... 
Odling's Practical Chemistry 
Pavy on Digestion . . 

Prize Essays on Consumption 
Parrish's Practical Pharmacy 
Pirrie's System of Surgery . 
Pereira's Mat. Medica and Therapeutics, ab 
Quain and Sharpey's Anatomy, by Leidy 
Ranking's Abstract .... 

Roberts on Urinary Diseases . 
Ramsbotham on Parturition . 

Rigby's Midwifery 

Royle's Materia Medica and Therapeutics 

Swayne's Obstetric Aphorisms 

Sargent's Minor Surgery 

Sharpey and Quain's Anatomy, by Leidy 

Simon's General Pathology . • . 

Skey's Operative Surgery 

Slade on Diphtheria .... 

Smith (J. L.) on Children 

Smith (H. H.) and Horner's Anatomical Atlas 

Smith (Edward) on Consumption . 

Smith on Wasting Diseases of Children 

Solly on Anatomy aud Diseases of the Brai 

Stille's Therapeutics .... 

Sturges on Clinical Medicine 

Tanner's Manual of Clinical Medicine . 

Tanner on Pregnancy .... 

Taylor's Medical Jurisprudence . 

Taylor's Principles and Practice of Med Ju 

Tuke on the Influence of the Mind 

Thomas on Diseases of Females . 

Thompson on Urinary Organs 

Thompson on Stricture .... 

Thompson on the Prostate 

Todd on Acute Diseases .... 

Wales on Surgical Operations 

Walshe on the Heart .... 

Watson's Practice of Physic . 

Wells on the Eye 

West on Diseases of Females 

Weston Diseases of Children 

West on Nervous Disorders of Children 

Weston Ulceration of Os Uteri 

What to Observe in Medical Cases 

Williams on Consumption 

Wilson s Human Anatomy . 

Wilson on Diseases of the Skin . 

WllSOfl'a I lates on Diseases of the Skin 

Wilson's Handbook of Cutaneous Medicine 

Wilson on Spermatorrhoea . . . 

Winslow on Brain and Mind 

WUhler's Organic Chemistry 

Winckel on Childbed 

Zeiss! on Venereal 



risp 



PAGE 
31 



For 

For 



The Amkimcan Chemist" Five Dollars a year, see p. 11. 
The Obstetrical Journal" Five Dollars a year, see p. 22. 



H 81 3^ 



I 



